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Yousefi MH, Wagemans J, Shekarforoush SS, Vallino M, Pozhydaieva N, Höfer K, Lavigne R, Hosseinzadeh S. Isolation and molecular characterization of the Salmonella Typhimurium orphan phage Arash. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:297. [PMID: 37858092 PMCID: PMC10585845 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The current threat of multidrug resistant strains necessitates development of alternatives to antibiotics such as bacteriophages. This study describes the isolation and characterization of a novel Salmonella Typhimurium phage 'Arash' from hospital wastewater in Leuven, Belgium. Arash has a myovirus morphology with a 95 nm capsid and a 140 nm tail. The host range of Arash is restricted to its isolation host. Approximately 86% of the phage particles are adsorbed to a host cell within 10 min. Arash has latent period of 65 min and burst size of 425 PFU/cell. Arash has a dsDNA genome of 180,819 bp with GC content of 53.02% with no similarities to any characterized phages, suggesting Arash as a novel species in the novel 'Arashvirus' genus. Arash carries no apparent lysogeny-, antibiotic resistance- nor virulence-related genes. Proteome analysis revealed 116 proteins as part of the mature phage particles of which 27 could be assigned a function. Therefore, the present findings shed light on the morphological, microbiological and genomic characteristics of Arash and suggest its potential application as therapeutic and/or biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashem Yousefi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946- 84471, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Shahram Shekarforoush
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946- 84471, Iran
| | - Marta Vallino
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Turin, 10135, Italy
| | - Nadiia Pozhydaieva
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, SYNMIKRO, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 16, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Katharina Höfer
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, SYNMIKRO, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 16, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946- 84471, Iran.
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2
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Qumar S, Majid M, Qaria MA, Mendem SK, Ahmed N. Functional molecular characterization and the assessment of the transmission route of multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pullorum isolates from free-range and broiler chickens. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106253. [PMID: 37463609 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some of the life-threatening, food-borne, and zoonotic infections are transmitted through poultry birds. Inappropriate and irrational use of antimicrobials in the livestock industry has resulted in an increased incidence of multi-drug resistant bacteria of epidemic potentials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The adhesion and invasion properties of 11 free-range and broiler chicken derived Helicobacterpullorum isolates were evaluated. To examine the biofilm formation of H. pullorum isolates, crystal violet assay was performed. A quantitative assay of invasion-associated genes was carried out after infecting HepG2 cells with two different representative (broiler and free-range chicken) H. pullorum isolates, using RT-PCR assay. Furthermore, we investigated the prevalence of H. pullorum, Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. in chicken caeca and oviducts to determine the possibility of trans-ovarian transmission. RESULTS All H. pullorum isolates adhered to HepG2 cells significantly but a notable difference towards their invasion potential was observed between free-range and broiler chicken isolates wherein broiler isolates were found to be more invasive compared to free-range isolates. Furthermore, cdtB, flhA and flaB genes of H. pullorum were upregulated post infection of HepG2 cells, in broiler chicken isolates compared to free-range chicken isolates. Moreover, all isolates of H. pullorum were found to form biofilm on the liquid-air interface of the glass coverslips and sidewalls of the wells with similar propensities. Despite presence of H. pullorum and C. jejuni in high concentrations in the caecum, they were completely absent in oviduct samples, thus ruling out the possibility of vertical transmission of these bacterial species. In contrast, Salmonella spp. was found to be present in a significant proportion in the oviduct samples of egg-laying hens suggesting its vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that H. pullorum, an emerging multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen could be transmitted from poultry sources to humans. In addition to this, its strong functional similarity with C. jejuni provides a firm basis for H. pullorum to be an emerging food-associated, MDR pathogenic bacterium that could pose risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Qumar
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India; GeneStore India Pvt. Ltd, Sector 14, Gurugram, Haryana, 122001, India.
| | - Mohammad Majid
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India; Central Food Laboratory, Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majjid A Qaria
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mendem
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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Shang K, Kim JH, Park JY, Choi YR, Kim SW, Cha SY, Jang HK, Wei B, Kang M. Comparative Studies of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter Isolates from Broiler Chickens with and without Use of Enrofloxacin. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112239. [PMID: 37297483 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of enrofloxacin (ENR) administration on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens under field conditions. The isolation rate of Salmonella was significantly lower (p < 0.05) on farms that administered ENR (6.4%) than on farms that did not (11.6%). The Campylobacter isolation rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in farms that administered ENR (6.7%) than in farms that did not (3.3%). The ratio of resistance to ENR was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in E. coli isolates from farms that used ENR (88.1%) than farms that did not (78.0%). The respective ratio of resistance to ampicillin (40.5% vs. 17.9%), chloramphenicol (38.0% vs. 12.5%), tetracycline (63.3% vs. 23.2%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (48.1% vs. 28.6%) and the ratio of intermediate resistance to ENR (67.1% vs. 48.2%) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Salmonella isolates from the farms that used ENR than farms that did not. In conclusion, the use of ENR at broiler farms was an important factor in decreasing the prevalence of Salmonella but not Campylobacter and caused ENR resistance among E. coli and Salmonella but not Campylobacter. Exposure to ENR could have a co-selective effect on antimicrobial resistance in enteric bacteria in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Ji-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Park
- Department of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Choi
- Department of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Kim
- Department of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeoun Cha
- Department of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Jang
- Department of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
- Bio Disease Control (BIOD) Co., Ltd., Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Wei
- Department of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Avian Disease, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
- Bio Disease Control (BIOD) Co., Ltd., Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ripon RK, Motahara U, Ahmed A, Devnath N, Mahua FA, Hashem RB, Ishadi KS, Alam A, Sujan MSH, Sarker MS. Exploring the prevalence of antibiotic resistance patterns and drivers of antibiotics resistance of Salmonella in livestock and poultry-derived foods: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Bangladesh from 2000 to 2022. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2023; 5:dlad059. [PMID: 37265988 PMCID: PMC10230569 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a severe public health problem that Bangladeshis are dealing with nowadays. However, we wanted to investigate the pooled prevalence of Salmonella and AMR in Salmonella strains isolated from livestock- and poultry-derived foods between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2022. Methods The metafor and metareg packages in the R programming language were used to conduct all analyses. We used a random-effect or fixed-effect model for pooled prevalence of Salmonella and AMR to Salmonella, depending on the heterogeneity test for each antibiotic. The heterogeneity was examined using stratified analyses, the meta-regression approach and sensitivity analysis. Results The combined prevalence of Salmonella in livestock and poultry-derived food in Bangladesh is 37%, according to the 12-research considered (95% CI: 23%-52%). According to subgroup analysis, neomycin had the lowest prevalence of resistance (4%, 95% CI: 1%-13%), whereas tetracycline had the highest prevalence of resistance (81%, 95% CI: 53%-98%). According to univariate meta-analysis and correlation analysis, the prevalence of Salmonella increased with the study period (β = 0.0179; 95% CI: 0.0059-0.0298, P = 0.0034; R2 = 46.11%) and without this, none of aforementioned variables was significantly associated with the detected heterogeneity and there was a positive relationship (r = 0.692, P = 0.001) between the Salmonella prevalence and study period. Conclusions AMR is rising alarmingly in Bangladesh by livestock-derived food consumption. However, monitoring and evaluating antibiotic sensitivity trends and developing effective antibiotic regimens may improve Salmonella infection inhibition and control in Bangladesh. Policymakers should be concerned about food handling practices. Doctors should be concerned when using prescribing antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umma Motahara
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nishrita Devnath
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter Mahua
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubaiya Binthe Hashem
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kifayat Sadmam Ishadi
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Alam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Safaet Hossain Sujan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samun Sarker
- Antimicrobial Resistance Action Center (ARAC), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Isolation, Identification and Genetic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli from Frozen Chicken Meat Obtained from Supermarkets at Dhaka City in Bangladesh. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010041. [PMID: 36671242 PMCID: PMC9855094 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials have been used to improve animal welfare, food security, and food safety that promote the emergence, selection, and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. In this study, 50 E. coli were isolated from frozen chicken meat samples in Dhaka city. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were assessed through the disk diffusion method and finally screened for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the 160 samples, the prevalence of E. coli was observed in fifty samples (31.25%). All of these isolates were found resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 52.0% of the isolates were resistant against 4-7 different antimicrobials. High resistance was shown to tetracycline (66.0%), followed by resistance to erythromycin (42.0%), ampicillin and streptomycin (38.0%), and sulfonamide (28.0%). In addition, the most prevalent ARGs were tet(A) (66.0%), ereA (64.0%), tet(B) (60.0%), aadA1 and sulI (56.0%), blaCITM (48.0%) and blaSHV (40.0%). About 90.0% of isolates were multidrug resistant. This study reveals for the first time the current situation of E. coli AMR in broilers, which is helpful for the clinical control of disease as well as for the development of policies and guidelines to reduce AMR in broilers production in Bangladesh.
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Lu Y, Sun P, Shao W, Yang C, Chen L, Zhu A, Pan Z. Detection and Molecular Identification of Salmonella Pathogenic Islands and Virulence Plasmid Genes of Salmonella in Xuzhou Raw Meat Products. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1790-1796. [PMID: 36150093 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Virulence genes expressed in Salmonella are a primary contributing factor leading to the high morbidity and mortality of salmonellosis in humans. The pathogenicity of Salmonella is mainly determined by the specific virulence factors that it carries. These factors also confer greater virulence and play a role in infection of a host and transmission of disease, and most Salmonella enterica can cause cross-infections between humans and animals. In this study, 265 samples in total were collected from a farmer's market and two supermarkets in Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China, including 205 pork samples and 60 chicken samples. The suspected Salmonella isolates were isolated and identified using microbiological and molecular methods, and the confirmed isolates were used for serovar analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The virulence genes of Salmonella pathogenic islands (SPIs) and Salmonella virulence plasmids (Spv) in Salmonella-positive isolates were subsequently detected. Salmonella was isolated from 29.0% of samples, and all isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the stn gene. Among the Salmonella isolates, resistance was most frequently observed against ciprofloxacin (84.4%), followed by tetracycline (71.4%) and streptomycin (68.8%). Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (6.3%) and aztreonam (5%) was less commonly detected. The presence of the following virulence genes was determined by specific PCRs: hilA (SPI-1), sifA (SPI-2), misL (SPI-3), siiE (SPI-4), sopB (SPI-5), and spvC. The detection rate for SPI-1 to SPI-5 was 93.5, 87.0, 97.4, 97.4, and 97.4%, respectively. In addition, the detection rate of the spvC gene was 96.1%. Except for sopB (94.7%), all isolates of the dominant serovar S. enterica subsp.. enterica serovar Enteritidis contained all virulence genes from SPI-1 to SPI-5. This study demonstrated the epidemiological status of Salmonella in raw meat products in Xuzhou, and the complex antibiotic resistance and high isolation rate of virulence genes observed reveal many potential risks of which the findings presented herein will provide orientation to improve public health safeguards. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyun Lu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangfeng Shao
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiao Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Cardiovascular Drugs Targeting Endothelial Cells, College of Health Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- College of Arts and Sciences, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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7
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Al-Mnaser A, Dakheel M, Alkandari F, Woodward M. Polyphenolic phytochemicals as natural feed additives to control bacterial pathogens in the chicken gut. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:253. [PMID: 35412092 PMCID: PMC9001821 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Poultry provides an important protein source consumed globally by human population, and simultaneously, acts as a substantial reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens. These bacterial species can include commensal strains with beneficial roles on poultry health and productivity, and pathogenic strains not only to poultry but zoonotically to man. This review paper evaluates the role of phytochemicals as possible alternatives to antibiotics and natural anti-bacterial agents to control antibiotic resistance in poultry. The focus of this paper is on the polyphenolic phytochemicals as they constitute the major group; carvacrol oil (the active ingredient of oregano), thymol oil (the main ingredient of oregano), oregano oil, and tannins oil as feed additives and their mechanism of actions that might enhance avian gut health by controlling antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains spread in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Al-Mnaser
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK.
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Sharq, Kuwait.
| | - Mohammed Dakheel
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Fatemah Alkandari
- Department of Plant Protection, Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs and Fish Resources, Al-Rabia, Kuwait
| | - Martin Woodward
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Folium Science, Unit DX, Bristol, BS2 0XJ, UK
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8
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Mazkour S, Shekarforoush SS, Basiri S, Namazi F, Zarei‐Kordshouli F. Protective effects of oral administration of mixed probiotic spores of
Bacillus subtilis
and
Bacillus coagulans
on gut microbiota changes and intestinal and liver damage of rats infected with
Salmonella
Typhimurium
. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Mazkour
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Sara Basiri
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Namazi
- Department of Pathology School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
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Yin X, Dudley EG, Pinto C, M'ikanatha NM. Fluoroquinolone sales in food animals and quinolone resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella from retail meats - United States, 2009-2018. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:163-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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10
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Sattar S, Ullah I, Khanum S, Bailie M, Shamsi B, Ahmed I, Abbas Shah T, Javed S, Ghafoor A, Pervaiz A, Sohail F, Imdad K, Tariq A, Bostan N, Ali I, Altermann E. Genome Analysis and Therapeutic Evaluation of a Novel Lytic Bacteriophage of Salmonella Typhimurium: Suggestive of a New Genus in the Subfamily Vequintavirinae. Viruses 2022; 14:241. [PMID: 35215834 PMCID: PMC8879037 DOI: 10.3390/v14020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium, a foodborne pathogen, is a major concern for food safety. Its MDR serovars of animal origin pose a serious threat to the human population. Phage therapy can be an alternative for the treatment of such MDR Salmonella serovars. In this study, we report on detailed genome analyses of a novel Salmonella phage (Salmonella-Phage-SSBI34) and evaluate its therapeutic potential. The phage was evaluated for latent time, burst size, host range, and bacterial growth reduction in liquid cultures. The phage stability was examined at various pH levels and temperatures. The genome analysis (141.095 Kb) indicated that its nucleotide sequence is novel, as it exhibited only 1-7% DNA coverage. The phage genome features 44% GC content, and 234 putative open reading frames were predicted. The genome was predicted to encode for 28 structural proteins and 40 enzymes related to nucleotide metabolism, DNA modification, and protein synthesis. Further, the genome features 11 tRNA genes for 10 different amino acids, indicating alternate codon usage, and hosts a unique hydrolase for bacterial lysis. This study provides new insights into the subfamily Vequintavirinae, of which SSBI34 may represent a new genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sattar
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (I.U.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (N.B.); (I.A.)
| | - Inam Ullah
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (I.U.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (N.B.); (I.A.)
| | - Sofia Khanum
- AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (S.K.); (M.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Marc Bailie
- AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (S.K.); (M.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Bushra Shamsi
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (I.U.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (N.B.); (I.A.)
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad 45710, Pakistan;
| | - Tahir Abbas Shah
- Functional Genomics Lab, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan;
| | - Sundus Javed
- Microbiology and Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (S.J.); (K.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Aamir Ghafoor
- University Diagnostic Lab, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Amna Pervaiz
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (I.U.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (N.B.); (I.A.)
| | - Fakiha Sohail
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (I.U.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (N.B.); (I.A.)
| | - Kaleem Imdad
- Microbiology and Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (S.J.); (K.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Aamira Tariq
- Microbiology and Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (S.J.); (K.I.); (A.T.)
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (I.U.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (N.B.); (I.A.)
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (I.U.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (F.S.); (N.B.); (I.A.)
| | - Eric Altermann
- AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (S.K.); (M.B.); (E.A.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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11
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Mihajilov-Krstev T, Joković N, Tamindžija D, Tamaš I, Stanković N, Stojanović-Radić Z, Volarić A, Radnović D. Decontamination of Salmonella enterica spp. on shell eggs by Allium cepa L. dry scales extracts. KRAGUJEVAC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/kgjsci2244127m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellae are a major global diarrheal diseases agent and are commonly found in a variety of foods. However, eggs appear to be one of the most important sources of infection ultimately leading to salmonellosis. Here we investigate a potential utilization of onion (Allium cepa L.) dry scales extracts and decoction for disinfection of eggshells contaminated with Salmonella enterica spp. Antimicrobial activity was screened by a microplate dilution method against 32 environmental and 1 reference Salmonella strains, at 106 and 103 CFU/ml starting cell concentration. Also, the efficacy of egg submersion treatment was tested. At high contamination level of 106 Salmonella cells per ml, extracts exhibited MIC and MBC values in the range of 0.08-2.50 mg/ml and 0.31-10.0 mg/ml, respectively. Ethanol extract had the most potent antibacterial activity followed by methanol, ethyl-acetate and acetone extracts. Pure decoction had MIC and MBC in the range of 250-500 mg/ml. When testing a lower level of contamination (103 CFU/ml) which is more similar to real life levels, MIC and MBCs were 8 to 14 times lower. Submersion of artificially contaminated eggs in ethanol extracts and decoctions resulted in the complete elimination of Salmonella after 8 minutes of exposure. Thus, a reduction of a minimum of 3.71 log units was achieved during the 8 minutes of treatment. Having in mind natural levels of Salmonella eggshell counts are far lower it can be implied that such treatment could be highly effective in practical application. Results show that tested onion dry scale decontamination solutions are an efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly options for eggshell decontamination, and are especially promising for use in organic egg production.
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Rakitin AL, Yushina YK, Zaiko EV, Bataeva DS, Kuznetsova OA, Semenova AA, Ermolaeva SA, Beletskiy AV, Kolganova TV, Mardanov AV, Shapovalov SO, Tkachik TE. Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Serotypes and Whole-Genome Sequencing of Multiresistant Strains Isolated from Food Products in Russia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:1. [PMID: 35052878 PMCID: PMC8773070 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food products may be a source of Salmonella, one of the main causal agents of food poisoning, especially after the emergence of strains resistant to antimicrobial preparations. The present work dealt with investigation of the occurrence of resistance to antimicrobial preparations among S. enterica strains isolated from food. The isolates belonged to 11 serovars, among which Infantis (28%), Enteritidis (19%), and Typhimurium (13.4%) predominated. The isolates were most commonly resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 19, 59.38%), cefazolin (n = 15, 46.86%), tetracycline (n = 13, 40.63%), and amikacin (n = 9, 28.13%). Most of the strains (68.75%) exhibited multiple resistance to commonly used antibiotics. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyse three multidrug-resistant strains (resistant to six or more antibiotics). Two of them (SZL 30 and SZL 31) belonged to S. Infantis, while one strain belonged to S. Typhimurium (SZL 38). Analysis of the genomes of the sequenced strains revealed the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance. In the genomes of strains SZL 30 and SZL 31 the genes of antibiotic resistance were shown to be localized mostly in integrons within plasmids, while most of the antibiotic resistance genes of strain SZL 38 were localized in a chromosomal island (17,949 nt). Genomes of the Salmonella strains SZL 30, SZL 31, and SZL 38 were shown to contain full-size pathogenicity islands: SPI-1, SPI-2, SPI-4, SPI-5, SPI-9, SPI-11, SPI-13, SPI-14, and CS54. Moreover, the genome of strain SZL 38 was also found to contain the full-size pathogenicity islands SPI-3, SPI-6, SPI-12, and SPI-16. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of various Salmonella serovars indicates that further research on the transmission pathways for these genetic determinants and monitoring of the distribution of these microorganisms are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey L. Rakitin
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.R.); (A.V.B.); (T.V.K.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Yulia K. Yushina
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.Z.); (D.S.B.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Elena V. Zaiko
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.Z.); (D.S.B.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Dagmara S. Bataeva
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.Z.); (D.S.B.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Oksana A. Kuznetsova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.Z.); (D.S.B.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Anastasia A. Semenova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, 109316 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.Z.); (D.S.B.); (O.A.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Svetlana A. Ermolaeva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
- Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V. Beletskiy
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.R.); (A.V.B.); (T.V.K.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Tat’yana V. Kolganova
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.R.); (A.V.B.); (T.V.K.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Andrey V. Mardanov
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.L.R.); (A.V.B.); (T.V.K.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Sergei O. Shapovalov
- Research and Scientific Testing Center “Cherkizovo”, 108805 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.S.); (T.E.T.)
| | - Timofey E. Tkachik
- Research and Scientific Testing Center “Cherkizovo”, 108805 Moscow, Russia; (S.O.S.); (T.E.T.)
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Sun T, Liu Y, Qin X, Aspridou Z, Zheng J, Wang X, Li Z, Dong Q. The Prevalence and Epidemiology of Salmonella in Retail Raw Poultry Meat in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112757. [PMID: 34829037 PMCID: PMC8622452 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne disease caused by Salmonella is an important public health concern worldwide. Animal-based food, especially poultry meat, is the main source of human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella contamination in raw poultry meat commercialized in China. Following the principle of systematic review, 98 sets of prevalence data were extracted from 74 publications conducted in 21 Chinese provincial regions. The random-effect model was constructed for subgrouping analysis by meat category, preservation type, and geographical location. The prevalence levels differed from high to low among raw poultry meat, including chicken, 26.4% (95% CI: 22.4-30.8%); pigeon, 22.6% (95% CI: 18.2-27.8%); duck, 10.1% (95% CI: 5.3-18.2%); and other poultry meat, 15.4% (95% CI: 12.0-19.5%). Prevalence data on the preservation type revealed that chilled poultry meat might be more likely to experience cross-contamination than non-chilled poultry meat in China. The distribution map of Salmonella for raw poultry meat showed that a higher prevalence level was found in the Shaanxi, Henan, Sichuan, and Beijing regions. All subgroups possessed high amounts of heterogeneity (I2 > 75%). The scientific data regarding the differences in prevalence levels between meat category, preservation method, and geographical region sources might be useful to improve specific interventions to effectively control the incidence of Salmonella in poultry meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmei Sun
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (T.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Q.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yangtai Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (T.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Q.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaojie Qin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (T.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Q.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zafeiro Aspridou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Jiaming Zheng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (T.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Q.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (T.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Q.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhuosi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (T.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Q.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (T.S.); (Y.L.); (X.Q.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Possebon FS, Alvarez MVN, Ullmann LS, Araújo Jr JP. Antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons in MDR Salmonella strains isolated from swine lymph nodes. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pepi M, Focardi S. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Aquaculture and Climate Change: A Challenge for Health in the Mediterranean Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5723. [PMID: 34073520 PMCID: PMC8198758 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the productive activity that will play a crucial role in the challenges of the millennium, such as the need for proteins that support humans and the respect for the environment. Aquaculture is an important economic activity in the Mediterranean basin. A great impact is presented, however, by aquaculture practices as they involve the use of antibiotics for treatment and prophylaxis. As a consequence of the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, antibiotic resistance is induced in the surrounding bacteria in the column water, sediment, and fish-associated bacterial strains. Through horizontal gene transfer, bacteria can diffuse antibiotic-resistance genes and mobile resistance genes further spreading genetic determinants. Once triggered, antibiotic resistance easily spreads among aquatic microbial communities and, from there, can reach human pathogenic bacteria, making vain the use of antibiotics for human health. Climate change claims a significant role in this context, as rising temperatures can affect cell physiology in bacteria in the same way as antibiotics, causing antibiotic resistance to begin with. The Mediterranean Sea represents a 'hot spot' in terms of climate change and aspects of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture in this area can be significantly amplified, thus increasing threats to human health. Practices must be adopted to counteract negative impacts on human health, with a reduction in the use of antibiotics as a pivotal point. In the meantime, it is necessary to act against climate change by reducing anthropogenic impacts, for example by reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. The One Health type approach, which involves the intervention of different skills, such as veterinary, ecology, and medicine in compliance with the principles of sustainability, is necessary and strongly recommended to face these important challenges for human and animal health, and for environmental safety in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milva Pepi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Fano Marine Centre, Viale Adriatico 1-N, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Silvano Focardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Università di Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Martínez-Puchol S, Riveros M, Ruidias K, Granda A, Ruiz-Roldán L, Zapata-Cachay C, Ochoa TJ, Pons MJ, Ruiz J. Dissemination of a multidrug resistant CTX-M-65 producer Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone between marketed chicken meat and children. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 344:109109. [PMID: 33677191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolated from chicken meat determining their clonal relationships with S. Infantis isolated from children with diarrhea. Fifteen meat-recovered S. Infantis were analyzed. Susceptibility levels to 14 antibacterial agents, the presence of ESBL and that of inducible plasmid-mediated AmpC (i-pAmpC) were determined by phenotypical methods. The presence of ESBL and pAmpC was confirmed by PCR, and detected ESBL-encoding genes were sequenced and their transferability tested by conjugation. The presence of gyrA mutations as well as Class 1 integrons was determined by PCR. Clonal relationships were established by REP-PCR and RAPD. In addition, 25 clinical isolates of S. Infantis were included in clonality studies. All meat-recovered S. Infantis were MDR, showing resistance to ampicillin, nitrofurans and quinolones, while none was resistant to azithromycin, ceftazidime or imipenem. ESBL (blaCTX-M-65) and i-pAmpC (blaDHA) were detected in 2 and 5 isolates respectively (in one case concomitantly), with blaCTX-M-65 being transferable through conjugation. In addition, 1 isolate presented a blaSHV gene. All isolates presented D87Y at GyrA, nalidixic acid active efflux pump and a Class 1 integron of ~1000 bp (aadA1). Clonal analysis showed that all isolates were related. Further they were identical to MDR blaCTX-M-65-producing S. Infantis isolates causing children diarrhea in Lima. The dissemination of MDR blaCTX-M-65-producing S. Infantis between marketed meat and children highlights a public health problem which needs be controlled at livestock level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maribel Riveros
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kenny Ruidias
- Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Granda
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristhian Zapata-Cachay
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Theresa J Ochoa
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria J Pons
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
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Li Y, Fernández R, Durán I, Molina-López RA, Darwich L. Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated From Cats and Dogs From the Iberian Peninsula. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:621597. [PMID: 33584590 PMCID: PMC7874003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.621597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pet animals are assumed to be potential reservoirs in transferring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to humans due to the extensively applied broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and their close contact with humans. In this study, microbiological data and antimicrobial susceptibility results of dog (n = 5,086) and cat (n = 789) clinical samples from a private Laboratory of Diagnosis in Barcelona were analyzed. Samples came from different counties of the Iberian Peninsula during 2016–2018. In dogs, clinical samples were most commonly from otitis, and in cats from wounds, respiratory tract infections and conjunctivitis. In both pet groups, Staphylococcus spp. (31% in dogs vs 30% in cats), Streptococcus spp. (19% vs 17%), Pseudomonas spp. (16% vs 10%), Escherichia coli (8% vs 5.6%), and Enterococcus spp. (5.5% vs 6.8%) were shown as the most predominant bacteria. However, higher frequencies of P. aeruginosa, P. canis, and S. pseudintermedius were found in dogs, while S. aureus and P. multocida were more prevalent in cats. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. presented the highest levels of AMR in both dogs and cats. Within the Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli showed low levels of AMR compared to Klebsiella, Proteus, or Enterobacter spp. Respiratory tract infections caused by K. pneumoniae presented higher AMR in cats. By contrast, Pasteurella isolates from the respiratory tract were highly sensitive to all the antimicrobials in cats and dogs. Data from this study could be used to guide empirical antimicrobial selection in companion animal veterinary practices in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inma Durán
- Departamento Veterinaria de Laboratorios Echevarne, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael A Molina-López
- Catalan Wildlife Service, Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laila Darwich
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Parisi A, Phuong TLT, Mather AE, Jombart T, Tuyen HT, Lan NPH, Trang NHT, Carrique-Mas J, Campbell JI, Trung NV, Glass K, Kirk MD, Baker S. The role of animals as a source of antimicrobial resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella causing invasive and non-invasive human disease in Vietnam. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 85:104534. [PMID: 32920195 PMCID: PMC7705210 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are associated with both diarrhea and bacteremia. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is common in NTS in low-middle income countries, but the major source(s) of AMR NTS in humans are not known. Here, we aimed to assess the role of animals as a source of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam. We retrospectively combined and analyzed 672 NTS human and animal isolates from four studies in southern Vietnam and compared serovars, sequence types (ST), and AMR profiles. We generated a population structure of circulating organisms and aimed to attribute sources of AMR in NTS causing invasive and noninvasive disease in humans using Bayesian multinomial mixture models. RESULTS Among 672 NTS isolates, 148 (22%) originated from human blood, 211 (31%) from human stool, and 313 (47%) from animal stool. The distribution of serovars, STs, and AMR profiles differed among sources; serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden were the most common in human blood, human stool, and animals, respectively. We identified an association between the source of NTS and AMR profile; the majority of AMR isolates were isolated from human blood (p < 0.001). Modelling by ST-AMR profile found chickens and pigs were likely the major sources of AMR NTS in human blood and stool, respectively; but unsampled sources were found to be a major contributor. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial use in food animals is hypothesized to play role in the emergence of AMR in human pathogens. Our cross-sectional population-based approach suggests a significant overlap between AMR in NTS in animals and humans, but animal NTS does explain the full extent of AMR in human NTS infections in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Parisi
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Tu Le Thi Phuong
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Thibaut Jombart
- The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ha Thanh Tuyen
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nguyen Hoang Thu Trang
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James I. Campbell
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen Vinh Trung
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Kathryn Glass
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Martyn D. Kirk
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Corresponding author at: Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom.
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Gucchait A, Shit P, Misra AK. Concise synthesis of a tetrasaccharide related to the repeating unit of the cell wall O-antigen of Salmonella enterica O60. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Sabzali S, Bouzari M. Phylogenic Relationship of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Different Foodstuffs in Isfahan. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.4.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Dagnew B, Alemayehu H, Medhin G, Eguale T. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella in poultry farms and in-contact humans in Adama and Modjo towns, Ethiopia. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1067. [PMID: 32510864 PMCID: PMC7424249 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of contaminated poultry and poultry products represents a common source of nontyphoidal Salmonella infection. Little is known on the status of Salmonella and their antimicrobial susceptibility in poultry farms in Ethiopia. This study investigated the prevalence, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility of nontyphoidal Salmonella among poultry farms in Adama and Modjo towns. Three hundred thirty‐four cloacal swabs, 384 fecal droppings of birds, 59 feed, 59 floor swabs, and 36 stools from in‐contact humans were collected and processed for Salmonella isolation. Isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 15 antimicrobials using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion assay. Seventeen (28.8%) of the farms and 24 (2.9%) of the samples from poultry farms and 2.8% (1/36) of stool samples of humans in‐contact with poultry were positive for Salmonella. Most of the isolates (n = 21) were recovered from fecal droppings of birds while the remaining isolates were recovered from floor swab samples (n = 2) and cloacal swab sample (n = 1). Only three Salmonella serovars: S. Haifa (n = 14, 56%), S. Anatum (n = 7; 28%), and S. Give (n = 4; 16%) were detected. Poultry farms in Adama town, large flock sized farms, and farms that used antimicrobials were significantly associated with the occurrence of Salmonella (p < .05). Twenty (80%) and 19 (76%) of Salmonella isolates were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline, respectively. Nineteen (76%) of the isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. Detection of multidrug‐resistant strains of Salmonella in poultry farms suggests the need for detailed epidemiological and molecular studies to establish sources of acquisition of resistant Salmonella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betelhem Dagnew
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia
| | - Haile Alemayehu
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Medhin
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Eguale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, PFGE and MLST characterization of Salmonella in swine mesenteric lymph nodes. Prev Vet Med 2020; 179:105024. [PMID: 32417637 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated 250 animals from 25 different processing lots, processed in four slaughterhouses in São Paulo state, Brazil for the presence of Salmonella in the mesenteric lymph nodes (10 g sample of each animal) and characterized the antibiotics resistance profile, the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis - PFGE and Multi Locus Sequence Typing - MLST profiles of selected strains. The pathogen was present in 36.4% (n = 91, CL 95% 30.4-43.4) of samples and 72% (n = 18, CL 95% 50.6-87.9%) of the analyzed lots. The main serovars were S. Typhimurium (n = 23), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 1.4,5,12:i:- (n = 17), followed by S. Infantis (n = 12) and S. Havana (n = 11). Twenty-eight strains (30%) were classified as other serovars. Sixty-eight percent of the strains were resistant to Streptomycin and tetracycline, followed by ampicillin and sulphonamides (62.6%), chloramphenicol (56.0%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (41.8%) and nalidixic acid (40.7%). The antibiotics with lower resistance rates were cephalothin and aztreonam (both with 3.3% resistant), and ceftriaxone and cefepime (both with 7.7%). Multidrug-resistant strains (MDR) accounted for 70.3% of the isolates. Eight strains were submitted to MLST: four S. Typhimurium and one S.1.4,5,12:i:-, all belonging to the ST 19, two Salmonella Infantis, belonging to the ST 32 and one S. Derby, belonging to ST 40. Twenty-one isolates with different antibiotics resistance profiles from the most prevalent serovars were selected for PFGE analysis. Serovar S. Typhimurium (n = 11) revealed 4 pulsotypes and 1 cluster and S. 1.4,5,12:i:- (n = 10) revealed 5 pulsotypes and 4 clusters. The high prevalence of the pathogen, with its high rates of antibiotics resistance and belonging to genetic groups that are often associated with disease in humans, shows that the production chain of pork is a potential source of infection in salmonellosis cases. Therefore, effective preventive measures for pathogen control are needed to reduce the risk of foodborne diseases.
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Abstract
One important scope of work of epidemiology is the investigation of infectious diseases that cluster in time and place. Clusters of infectious disease may represent outbreaks or epidemics in which the cases share in common a point source exposure or an infectious agent in a chain of transmission pathways. Investigations of outbreaks of an illness can facilitate identification of a source, risk, or cause of the illness. However, most infectious disease episodes occur not as part of any apparent outbreaks but as sporadic infections. Multiple sporadic infections that occur steadily in time and place are referred to as endemic disease. How does one investigate sources and risk factors for sporadic or endemic infections? As part of the Microbiology Spectrum Curated Collection: Advances in Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, this review discusses limitations of traditional approaches and advantages of molecular epidemiology approaches to investigate sporadic and endemic infections. Using specific examples, the discussions show that most sporadic infections are actually part of unrecognized outbreaks and that what appears to be endemic disease occurrence is actually comprised of multiple small outbreaks. These molecular epidemiologic investigations have unmasked modes of transmission of infectious agents not known to cause outbreaks. They have also raised questions about the traditional ways to measure incidence and assess sources of drug-resistant infections in community settings. The discoveries made by the application of molecular microbiology methods in epidemiologic investigations have led to creation of new public health intervention strategies that have not been previously considered. *This article is part of a curated collection.
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Ramovic E, Madigan G, McDonnell S, Griffin D, Bracken E, NiGhallchoir E, Quinless E, Galligan A, Egan J, Prendergast DM. A pilot study using environmental screening to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Irish cattle herds. Ir Vet J 2020; 73:3. [PMID: 32082542 PMCID: PMC7024553 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-020-0156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dairy and beef cattle can be reservoirs of many pathogens, including Salmonella and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne’s disease (JD). Farm environments may provide potential entry points for the transmission of infectious agents into the food chain. Antibiotics are used to treat a wide variety of infections on farms, and administration of antimicrobial agents to cattle is considered to be a driving factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Control of JD and AMR are priority for animal health initiatives in Ireland. A national JD pilot programme was introduced by Animal Health Ireland in 2014, while the national action plan launched by Department of Health and Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine introduced in 2017 aims to improve the surveillance of AMR. The current investigation was undertaken as a pilot study to determine the proportion of herds positive for MAP, Salmonella species (Salmonella spp), commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli), Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) AmpC β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing E. coli from 157 environmental faecal samples in Irish farms. Results MAP was detected in 10.2% of samples collected; on culture in 4 (4.9%) of the dairy herds and from 1 (1.3%) of the beef/suckler herds, and by PCR in 10 (12.3%) and 6 (7.9%) of these herds respectively. All culture positive herds were also positive by PCR. An additional 11 herds were positive by PCR only. Salmonella was not detected, while commensal E. coli were isolated from 70.7% of the samples (111/157) with 101 of these isolates shown to be fully susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Of the 27 presumptive ESBL AmpC β-lactamase producing E. coli detected, one isolate was resistant to ten antimicrobials, nine isolates were resistant to nine antimicrobials, and four isolates were resistant to eight antimicrobials. Carbapenemase-producing E. coli were not isolated. Conclusions The results highlight the importance of monitoring farm environments for Johne’s disease. This disease is a growing concern for dairy and beef producers in Ireland, and sampling the farm environment may offer a useful means to rapidly screen for the presence of MAP. Non-pathogenic common enteric commensal and multiple-drug-resistant E. coli may contribute to AMR acting as a reservoir and transferring resistance to other species/pathogens in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Ramovic
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Gillian Madigan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Shannon McDonnell
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Denise Griffin
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Elaine Bracken
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Eadaoin NiGhallchoir
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Emma Quinless
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Aoife Galligan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - John Egan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
| | - Deirdre M Prendergast
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Complex, Celbridge, Co. Kildare Ireland
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Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Isolated from Caecal Contents of Exotic Chicken in Debre Zeit and Modjo, Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:1910630. [PMID: 32047517 PMCID: PMC7003256 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1910630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted between December, 2013, and May, 2014, to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance feature of Salmonella isolated from broilers slaughtered in Debre Zeit and Modjo towns, Ethiopia. A total of 384 caecal content samples were collected for microbiological examination following the standard techniques and procedures outlined by the International Organization for Standardization to isolate Salmonella. The sensitivity of the isolates subjected to nine antimicrobials was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 14.6%, and its occurrence differ significantly by farm (p < 0.05). The occurrence of the bacteria was not statistically different in the midland (15.2%) and lowland (13.3%) (p > 0.05) and between males (13.5%) and females (15.6) (p > 0.05). Of the 50 isolates, 48 were resistant to at least one drug. Multidrug resistance was recorded in 43 (86.0%) of the isolates. The study demonstrated considerable prevalence and high antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in exotic chicken and indicates the potential importance of chickens as source of foodborne salmonellosis and multiple antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella. Improving the hygienic practice of farms could help to reduce the occurrence of Salmonella in farms. Further studies are needed to describe the risk factors associated with the emergence of drug-resistant Salmonella in chicken.
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Magdy OS, Moussa IM, Hussein HA, El-Hariri MD, Ghareeb A, Hemeg HA, Al-Maary KS, Mubarak AS, Alwarhi WK, Eljakee JK, Kabli SA. Genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica recovered from chickens farms and its potential transmission to human. J Infect Public Health 2019; 13:571-576. [PMID: 31672428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a zoonotic bacterium transmitted through the food chain and is an important cause of disease in humans. The current study is aimed to characterize Salmonella isolates from broiler breeder chickens farms using, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis of representative isolates. METHODS S. Kentucky (n=11), S. Enteritidis (n=4), S. Typhimurium (n=3), S. Breanderp (n=1), and Sand S. Newport (n=1), were identified from chicken farms. Antimicrobial sensitivity test among the strains were investigated using 13 antibacterial discs. The amplified fragments of fliC and sefA genes were used to characterize S. Kentucky, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium strains. Sequence analysis of the amplified PCR products for Salmonella Kentucky, Enteritidis and Typhimurium were carried out. RESULTS Antimicrobial sensitivity testing revealed that 95% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, 85% to norfloxacin and colistin sulfate (each), 75% to gentamicin, 70% to nalidixic acid and 60% to flumequine. The obtained sequences revealed the close identity of the isolated strains with other Salmonella reference strains in different countries. CONCLUSION Analysis of the selected salmonellae confirm the report of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Kentucky circulation among broiler breeder flocks and the need to determine antibacterial susceptibility pattern regularly to detect multidrug-resistant salmonellae. The present study reports the circulation of Salmonella Kentucky, Enteritidis and Typhimurium among broiler breeder farms in Egypt. Emergency control of salmonellae is a global public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omneya S Magdy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Ihab M Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt.
| | - Hussein A Hussein
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud D El-Hariri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Medical Genetics Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Technology/Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Al-Maary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen S Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed K Alwarhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jakeen K Eljakee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Kabli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Gharieb R, Fawzi E, Elsohaby I. Antibiogram, virulotyping and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli and Salmonella serovars isolated from diarrheic calves and calf handlers. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 67:101367. [PMID: 31622951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli and Salmonella serovars isolated from diarrheic calves and handlers in Egypt is unknown due to the absence of monitoring. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the virulence, genetic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli and Salmonella serovars associated with diarrhea in calves and handlers in intensive dairy farms in Egypt. A total of 36 bacterial strains (20 E. coli and 16 Salmonella) were isolated from fecal samples of 80 diarrheic Holstein dairy calves (10 E. coli and 13 Salmonella) and hand swabs of 35 handlers (10 E. coli and 3 Salmonella) in two intensive dairy farms in Sharkia Governate in Egypt. E. coli strains belonged to six different serogroups and O114:K90 was the most prevalent serogroup (30%). However, Salmonella strains were serotyped into four different serogroups and S. Kiel was the most prevalent serotype (50%). Thirteen (65%) E. coli isolates were harbouring either stx2, eaeA and/or astA virulence-associated genes. However, stn and spvC virulence genes were detected in 2 (12.5%) and 4 (25%) of Salmonella isolates, respectively. E. coli isolates showed marked resistance to ampicillin (75%), while Salmonella strains exhibited high resistance to amikacin (100%), gentamicin (93.75%) and tobramycin (87.5%). Results of the present study showed that E. coli and Salmonella serovars isolated from diarrheic calves and handlers in intensive dairy farms in Egypt exhibited resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials, which may pose a public health hazard. Thus, the continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance is necessary for both humans and veterinary medicine to decrease the economic losses caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains in animals as well as the zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Gharieb
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Elshaima Fawzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, Sharkia Province, Egypt; Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
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Ekli R, Adzitey F, Huda N. Prevalence of resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from raw meat and liver of cattle in the Wa Municipality of Ghana. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/287/1/012006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wang X, Biswas S, Paudyal N, Pan H, Li X, Fang W, Yue M. Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates Recovered From the Food Chain Through National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Between 1996 and 2016. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:985. [PMID: 31134024 PMCID: PMC6514237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen which causes widespread contamination and infection worldwide. Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the leading serovars responsible for human and animal salmonellosis, globally. The increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium poses a significant global concern, and an improved understanding of the distribution of antibiotic resistance patterns in Salmonella Typhimurium is essential for choosing the suitable antibiotic for the treatment of infections. To evaluate the roles of animal and human in antibiotic resistance dissemination, this study aims to categorize 11,447 S. Typhimurium strains obtained across the food-chain, including food animals, retail meats and humans for 21 years in the United States by analyzing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values for 27 antibiotics. Random Forest Algorithm and Hierarchical Clustering statistics were used to group the strains according to their minimum inhibitory concentration values. Classification and Regression Tree analysis was used to identify the best classifier for human- and animal-populations’ isolates. We found the persistent population or multi-drug resistant strains of S. Typhimurium across the four time periods (1996∼2000, 2001∼2005, 2006∼2010, 2011∼2016). Importantly, we also detected that there was more diversity in the MIC patterns among S. Typhimurium strains isolated between 2011 and 2016, which suggests significant emergence of diversified multi-drug resistant strains. The most frequently observed (43%) antibiotic resistance patterns found in S. Typhimurium were tetra-resistant pattern ASSuT (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline) and the penta-resistant pattern ACSSuT (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline). Animals (mainly swine and bovine) are the major source for these two frequently found antibiotic resistance patterns. The occurrence of antibiotic resistant strains from humans and chicken is alarming. Strains were mostly susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Together, this study helped in understanding the expansion of dynamics of antibiotic resistance of S. Typhimurium and recommended fluoroquinolones as a possible treatment options against S. Typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchu Wang
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Silpak Biswas
- CATG Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Narayan Paudyal
- CATG Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Pan
- CATG Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- CATG Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- CATG Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- CATG Microbiology and Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Haley BJ, Kim SW, Haendiges J, Keller E, Torpey D, Kim A, Crocker K, Myers RA, Van Kessel JAS. Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky recovered from human clinical cases in Maryland, USA (2011-2015). Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:382-392. [PMID: 30891945 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Kentucky is among the most frequently isolated S. enterica serovars from food animals in the United States. Recent research on isolates recovered from these animals suggests there may be geographic and host specificity signatures associated with S. Kentucky strains. However, the sources and genomic features of human clinical S. Kentucky isolated in the United States remain poorly described. To investigate the characteristics of clinical S. Kentucky and the possible sources of these infections, the genomes of all S. Kentucky isolates recovered from human clinical cases in the State of Maryland between 2011 and 2015 (n = 12) were sequenced and compared to a database of 525 previously sequenced S. Kentucky genomes representing 12 sequence types (ST) collected from multiple sources on several continents. Of the 12 human clinical S. Kentucky isolates from Maryland, nine were ST198, two were ST152, and one was ST314. Forty-one per cent of isolates were recovered from patients reporting recent international travel and 58% of isolates encoded genomic characteristics similar to those originating outside of the United States. Of the five isolates not associated with international travel, three encoded antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to tetracycline or aminoglycosides, while two others only encoded the cryptic aac(6')-Iaa gene. Five isolates recovered from individuals with international travel histories (ST198) and two for which travel was not recorded (ST198) encoded genes conferring resistance to between 4 and 7 classes of antibiotics. Seven ST198 genomes encoded the Salmonella Genomic Island 1 and substitutions in the gyrA and parC genes known to confer resistance to ciprofloxacin. Case report data on food consumption and travel were, for the most part, consistent with the inferred S. Kentucky phylogeny. Results of this study indicate that the majority of S. Kentucky infections in Maryland are caused by ST198 which may originate outside of North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J Haley
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
| | | | - Eric Keller
- Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Torpey
- Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kia Crocker
- Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Jo Ann S Van Kessel
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville Area Research Center, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
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Humayoun SB, Hiott LM, Gupta SK, Barrett JB, Woodley TA, Johnston JJ, Jackson CR, Frye JG. An assay for determining the susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to commercial and household biocides. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209072. [PMID: 30571686 PMCID: PMC6301668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry and meat products contaminated with Salmonella enterica are a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. The food industries use a wide variety of antimicrobial interventions to reduce bacterial contamination. However, little is known about Salmonella susceptibility to these compounds and some studies have shown a concerning link between biocide resistance and antibiotic resistance. To investigate this, a 96 well panel of 17 common household and commercially used biocides was designed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these compounds for Salmonella. The panel contained two-fold serial dilutions of chemicals including Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DC), Benzalkonium chloride (BKC), Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HB), Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HC), Acetic acid (AA), Lactic acid (LA), Citric acid (CA), Peroxyacetic acid (PXA), Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), Sodium hypochlorite (SHB), 1,3 dibromo, 5,5 dimethylhydantoin (DBH), Chlorhexidine (CHX), Sodium metasilicate (SM), Trisodium phosphate (TSP), Arsenite (ARI), and Arsenate (ARA). The assay was used to test the susceptibility of 88 multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella isolates from animal sources. Bacteria are defined as multidrug resistant (MDR) if it exhibited non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. The concentration of biocide at which ≥50% of the isolates could not grow was designated as the minimum inhibitory concentration or MIC50 and was used as the breakpoint in this study. The MIC50 (μg ml-1) for the tested MDR Salmonella was 256 for DC, 40 for BKC, 80 for CPC. HB and HC, 1,640 for AA, 5664 for LA, 3,156 for CA, 880 for PXA, 320 for ASC, 3.0 for CHX, 1,248 for DBH, 3,152 (6%) for SHB, 60,320 for SM, 37,712 for TSP, 56 for ARI and 832 for ARA. A few isolates were not susceptible at the MIC50 breakpoint to some chemicals indicating possible resistance. Isolates with MICs of two 2-fold dilutions above the MIC50 were considered resistant. Biocides for which resistant isolates were detected included CPC (n = 1 isolate), HB (1), CA (18), ASC (7), CHX (22), ARA (16), and ARI (4). There was no correlation detected between the biocide susceptibility of Salmonella isolates and antibiotic resistance. This assay can determine the MICs of bacteria to 17 biocides in a single test and will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of biocides and to detect the development of resistance to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen B. Humayoun
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Lari M. Hiott
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Sushim K. Gupta
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - John B. Barrett
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Tiffanie A. Woodley
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - John J. Johnston
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Charlene R. Jackson
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Elkenany RM, Eladl AH, El-Shafei RA. Genetic characterisation of class 1 integrons among multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotypes in broiler chicken farms. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:202-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Shang K, Wei B, Kang M. Distribution and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms with or without enrofloxacin use. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:257. [PMID: 30165845 PMCID: PMC6117923 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella is a major zoonotic food-borne pathogen that persists on poultry farms, and animals undergo reinfection with endemic strains. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella within and between broiler farms that used enrofloxacin and those that did not. RESULTS Cloacal and environmental (litter, feed, and water) samples from two selected flocks in each of 12 farms owned by the same company were collected three times over a 30-day period of two production cycles during 2015-2016. The rate of Salmonella isolation was 7.8% (123/1584). Nine Salmonella serotypes (116 isolates) and seven untypable isolates were identified, and Salmonella Montevideo was the most prevalent serotype. Azithromycin-resistant (17.9%) and colistin-resistant (3.3%) isolates were detected, and multidrug-resistant isolates (43.1%) were also observed. No isolate was resistant to enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin; however, intermediate resistance to enrofloxacin was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in farms that used enrofloxacin than in those that did not. The rate of multi-drug resistance among litter isolates (25/44, 56.8%) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that among cloacal swab (24/67, 35.8%) and feed (4/12, 33.3%) isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of strains of the same serotype was conducted to determine their epidemiological relationship. The PFGE types were classified into 31 groups with a 100% correlation cutoff in dendrograms for Salmonella Montevideo isolates, which showed 100% genomic identity based on age, sample type, flock, and production cycle within and between farms. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the occurrence of horizontal transmission and cyclic contamination with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in broiler farms owned by the same company. Litter may be a good indicator of indoor environmental contamination with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella on farms. Additionally, enrofloxacin use may be one of the factors promoting resistance towards it in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 South Korea
| | - Bai Wei
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 South Korea
| | - Min Kang
- Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Poultry Diseases Control, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 South Korea
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Adetoye A, Pinloche E, Adeniyi BA, Ayeni FA. Characterization and anti-salmonella activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cattle faeces. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:96. [PMID: 30165820 PMCID: PMC6118008 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non typhoidal salmonellosis is one of the neglected zoonoses in most African countries. The use of sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics as animal growth promoter enhances the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria with food animal reservoirs and may also results in antibiotics residue in animal products. One promising alternative to antibiotics in animal feed is Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as probiotics. This study was carried out to determine the anti-salmonella activities and suitability of LAB isolated from cattle faeces in Nigeria as potential probiotics in cattle feed. Method The test Salmonella enterica spp strains and LAB were isolated from cattle faeces and identified by MALDI-TOF MS and partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes respectively. The anti-salmonella activities of the isolated LAB in co-culture, cell-free supernatant, inhibition of growth by viable LAB cells and quantification of organic acids were determined by standard techniques. The ability of the LAB strains to withstand gastric conditions, antibiotic susceptibility and their haemolytic ability on blood agar were also determined. Results A total of 88 LAB belonging to 15 species were isolated and identified from cattle faeces. The most abundant species were Streptococcus infantarius (26), Enterococcus hirae (12), Lactobacillus amylovorus (10), Lactobacillus mucosae (10) and Lactobacillus ingluviei (9). Most of the LAB strains showed good anti-salmonella activities against the test Salmonella enterica spp. with 2 Lactobacillus strains; Lactobacillus amylovorus C94 and Lactobacillus salivarius C86 exhibiting remarkable anti-salmonella activities with total inhibition of Salmonella spp after 18 hours of co-incubation. The selected strains were able to survive simultaneous growth at pH 3 and 7% bile concentration and are non hemolytic. Conclusion This study reports the vast diversity of culturable LAB in cattle faeces from Nigeria and their putative in-vitro antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica spp isolated from cattle. Lactobacillus amylovorus C94 and Lactobacillus salivarius C86 demonstrated promising probiotic potentials in-vitro and will be further tested in-vivo in animal field trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Adetoye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Eric Pinloche
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Bolanle A Adeniyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Funmilola A Ayeni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Almeida F, Seribelli AA, Medeiros MIC, Rodrigues DDP, de MelloVarani A, Luo Y, Allard MW, Falcão JP. Phylogenetic and antimicrobial resistance gene analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated in Brazil by whole genome sequencing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201882. [PMID: 30102733 PMCID: PMC6089434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been used as a powerful technology for molecular epidemiology, surveillance, identification of species and serotype, identification of the sources of outbreaks, among other purposes. In Brazil, there is relatively few epidemiological data on Salmonella. In this study, 90 Salmonella Typhimurium strains had their genome sequenced to uncover the diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from humans and food, between 1983 and 2013, from different geographic regions in Brazil based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. A total of 39 resistance genes were identified, such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, beta-lactam, fluoroquinolone, phenicol and macrolide, as well as the occurrence of point mutations in some of the genes such as gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. A total of 65 (72.2%) out of 90 S. Typhimurium strains studied were phenotypically resistant to sulfonamides, 44 (48.9%) strains were streptomycin resistant, 27 (30%) strains were resistant to tetracycline, 21 (23.3%) strains were gentamicin resistant, and seven (7.8%) strains were resistant to ceftriaxone. In the gyrA gene, it was observed the following amino acid substitutions: Asp(87)→Gly, Asp(87)→Asn, Ser(83)→Phe, Ser(83)→Tyr. Phylogenetic results placed the 90 S. Typhimurium strains into two major clades suggesting the existence of a prevalent subtype, likely more adapted, among strains isolated from humans, with some diversity in subtypes in foods. The variety and prevalence of resistant genes found in these Salmonella Typhimurium strains reinforces their potential hazard for humans and the risk in foods in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas–Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/ nº, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| | - Amanda Aparecida Seribelli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas–Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/ nº, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
| | | | - Dália dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Enterobactérias, FIOCRUZ/Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, Pavilhão Rocha Lima, 3°andar, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alessandro de MelloVarani
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Yan Luo
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regular Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marc W. Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regular Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JPF); (MA)
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas–Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café s/ nº, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brasil
- * E-mail: (JPF); (MA)
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Santos L, Ramos F. Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: Current knowledge and alternatives to tackle the problem. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:135-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang Z, Cao C, Liu B, Xu X, Yan Y, Cui S, Chen S, Meng J, Yang B. Comparative Study on Antibiotic Resistance and DNA Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated from Humans, Retail Foods, and the Environment in Shanghai, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:481-488. [PMID: 29741928 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized antibiotic resistance profiles, antibiotic resistance-associated genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of 145 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from human infections and retail foods that were possibly responsible for salmonellosis outbreaks from 2008 to 2012 in Shanghai, China. Resistance to at least three antibiotics was found in 66.7% of chicken isolates, 76.5% of duck isolates, 77.8% of pork isolates, and 80.5% of human isolates. Seven antibiotic resistance phenotypes were detected in chicken isolates, 16 in pork isolates, 17 in duck isolates, and 50 in human isolates. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was found between Salmonella isolates derived from human salmonellosis and from retail foods in terms of the percent resistance of ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. PFGE using XbaI and BlnI showed that some Salmonella isolates recovered from human infections and retail foods had same or highly similar genetic profile. Same or similar antibiotic resistance profiles, antibiotic resistance associated genes (i.e., qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib, and oqxAB), gene cassettes (i.e., aadA2, dfrA12-aadA2, and aadA1), and mutations were detected in those isolates that exhibited high genetic similarities. These findings highlighted the frequent presence of Salmonella Typhimurium in retail chicken, pork, duck, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfeng Zhang
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Chenyang Cao
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Bin Liu
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- 2 Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Yan
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- 3 National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- 4 State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Jianghong Meng
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .,5 Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Baowei Yang
- 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China
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Sureshkumar V, Sarathchandra G. A HPTLC-Fluorescent Densitometry Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Broiler Chicken Tissues. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Characterization of Salmonella isolated from apparently healthy slaughtered cattle and retail beef in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia. Prev Vet Med 2017; 147:11-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Suman U, Purnima S, Ram C, Naveen A. Microbiological assessment and hazardous effect of ready-to-eat foods presented for sale in Lucknow City, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajfs2017.1630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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The Bacteriological Quality, Safety, and Antibiogram of Salmonella Isolates from Fresh Meat in Retail Shops of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2017; 2017:4317202. [PMID: 28812009 PMCID: PMC5547722 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4317202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The habit of raw meat consumption in addition to the poor hygienic standards and lack of knowledge contribute to food-borne diseases outbreaks. The objective of this research was to assess the bacterial quality and safety of fresh meat from retail Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. A total of 30 fresh meat samples were collected from butcher shops. Standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate and enumerate bacteria. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella isolates. The mean counts of AMB, TC, and S. aureus were log104.53, 3.97, and 3.88 log10cfu/g, respectively. Salmonella was isolated from 21 (70%) of the samples. Salmonella isolates in this study were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, and norfloxacin while they were resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline. High rate of multiple drug resistance was also noticed in Salmonella isolates. The microbial loads of meat were above the recommended microbial safety limits. Besides this, the isolation rate of Salmonella was high and high levels of drug resistance were documented for Salmonella isolates. Measures on handling and appropriate personal hygiene practices of workers in the retail shops are recommended to reduce the change of forborne disease outbreaks.
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Rkik M, Brahim MB, Samet Y. Electrochemical determination of levofloxacin antibiotic in biological samples using boron doped diamond electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moe AZ, Paulsen P, Pichpol D, Fries R, Irsigler H, Baumann MPO, Oo KN. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Isolates from Chicken Carcasses in Retail Markets in Yangon, Myanmar. J Food Prot 2017; 80:947-951. [PMID: 28463083 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional investigation was conducted concerning prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance patterns, and serovar diversity of Salmonella in chicken meat sold at retail in Yangon, Myanmar. The 141 chicken meat samples were collected at 141 retail markets in the Yangon Region, Myanmar, 1 November 2014 to 31 March 2015. Information on hygienic practices (potential risk factors) was retrieved via checklists. Salmonella was isolated and identified according to International Organization for Standardization methods (ISO 6579:2002) with minor modifications. Twelve antimicrobial agents belonging to eight pharmacological groups were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (disk diffusion method). Salmonella was recovered from 138 (97.9%) of the 141 samples. The isolates were most frequently resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70.3% of isolates), tetracycline (54.3%), streptomycin (49.3%), and ampicillin (47.1%). Resistance was also found to chloramphenicol (29.7%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (17.4%), ciprofloxacin (9.4%), tobramycin (8.7%), gentamicin (8%), cefazolin (7.2%), lincomycin-spectinomycin (5.8%), and norfloxacin (0.7%). Among the 138 Salmonella isolates, 72 (52.2%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. Twenty-four serovars were identified among the 138 Salmonella-positive samples; serovars Albany, Kentucky, Braenderup, and Indiana were found in 38, 11, 10, and 8% of samples, respectively. None of the potential risk factors were significantly related to Salmonella contamination of chicken carcasses. This study provides new information regarding prevalence and antimicrobial resistance and Salmonella serovar diversity in retail markets in Yangon, Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Zaw Moe
- 1 Joint Master Course in Veterinary Public Health, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany and Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,2 Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Peter Paulsen
- 3 Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, Department of Farm Animals and Public Health in Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Duangporn Pichpol
- 4 Veterinary Public Health Centre for Asia Pacific and Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Reinhard Fries
- 5 Winternstrasse 36, 31683 Obernkirchen OT Krainhagen, Germany
| | - Herlinde Irsigler
- 6 Meat Hygiene Section, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian P O Baumann
- 6 Meat Hygiene Section, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany.,7 Food and Agriculture Organization Reference Centre for Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kyaw Naing Oo
- 2 Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
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Kloska F, Beyerbach M, Klein G. Infection Dynamics and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella Paratyphi B d-tartrate Positive (Java) in a Persistently Infected Broiler Barn. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E101. [PMID: 28117713 PMCID: PMC5295351 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The infection dynamics of S. Java were examined in three consecutive rearing periods on a broiler farm in Northwestern Germany which had been persistently infected with S. Java for more than five years. The barn was investigated for Salmonella occurrence after cleaning and disinfection to verify the persistent contamination of the broiler house with S. Java before the start of the first rearing cycle. Confirmation of Salmonella absence in day-old chicks (time-point 1) as well as early establishment of infection between days 5-7 (time-point 2) were confirmed by caecal swabs prepared for qPCR and classical microbiological methods. At three time-periods (between days 11-15 (time-point 3), days 25-28 (time-point 4), and days 38-40 (time-point 5)) caecal content was examined for colony forming units (CFU) Salmonella/g. In general, there was an increase in Salmonella Java load at time-point 4 compared to time-points 3 and 5. Therefore, we observed a bell-shaped course of infection resulting in higher rates of Salmonella CFU/g prior to prethinning than at final slaughter. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to tetracycline, fluorquinolones, trimethoprim, and cefoxitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kloska
- Veterinary Practice and Laboratory Wilms-Ellert-Klosterhalfen, Lohe 13, D-49429 Visbek, Germany.
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Martin Beyerbach
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 2, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Günter Klein
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
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Mohd-Nor F, Abu-Bakar NA, Mohd-Isa N, Wahab ZA, Mohd-Zain Z. Molecular Detection of Mutations within the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions in Non Typhoidal Salmonella Isolates from Malaysia. Health (London) 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2017.94045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Genome Dynamics and Molecular Infection Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Helicobacter pullorum Isolates Obtained from Broiler and Free-Range Chickens in India. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 83:AEM.02305-16. [PMID: 27815276 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02305-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Some life-threatening, foodborne, and zoonotic infections are transmitted through poultry birds. Inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in the livestock industry has led to an increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria with epidemic potential. Here, we present a functional molecular epidemiological analysis entailing the phenotypic and whole-genome sequence-based characterization of 11 H. pullorum isolates from broiler and free-range chickens sampled from retail wet markets in Hyderabad City, India. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed all of the isolates to be resistant to multiple antibiotic classes such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, and macrolides. The isolates were also found to be extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers and were even resistant to clavulanic acid. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of these isolates revealed the presence of five or six well-characterized antimicrobial resistance genes, including those encoding a resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump(s). Phylogenetic analysis combined with pan-genome analysis revealed a remarkable degree of genetic diversity among the isolates from free-range chickens; in contrast, a high degree of genetic similarity was observed among broiler chicken isolates. Comparative genomic analysis of all publicly available H. pullorum genomes, including our isolates (n = 16), together with the genomes of 17 other Helicobacter species, revealed a high number (8,560) of H. pullorum-specific protein-encoding genes, with an average of 535 such genes per isolate. In silico virulence screening identified 182 important virulence genes and also revealed high strain-specific gene content in isolates from free-range chickens (average, 34) compared to broiler chicken isolates. A significant prevalence of prophages (ranging from 1 to 9) and a significant presence of genomic islands (0 to 4) were observed in free-range and broiler chicken isolates. Taken together, these observations provide significant baseline data for functional molecular infection epidemiology of nonpyloric Helicobacter species such as H. pullorum by unraveling their evolution in chickens and their possible zoonotic transmission to humans. IMPORTANCE Globally, the poultry industry is expanding with an ever-growing consumer base for chicken meat. Given this, food-associated transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria represents an important health care issue. Our study involves a critical baseline approach directed at genome sequence-based epidemiology and transmission dynamics of H. pullorum, a poultry pathogen having established zoonotic potential. We believe our studies would facilitate the development of surveillance systems that ensure the safety of food for humans and guide public health policies related to the use of antibiotics in animal feed in countries such as India. We sequenced 11 new genomes of H. pullorum as a part of this study. These genomes would provide much value in addition to the ongoing comparative genomic studies of helicobacters.
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Hong S, Rovira A, Davies P, Ahlstrom C, Muellner P, Rendahl A, Olsen K, Bender JB, Wells S, Perez A, Alvarez J. Serotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica Recovered from Clinical Samples from Cattle and Swine in Minnesota, 2006 to 2015. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168016. [PMID: 27936204 PMCID: PMC5148076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis remains one of the leading causes of foodborne disease worldwide despite preventive efforts at various stages of the food production chain. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica represents an additional challenge for public health authorities. Food animals are considered a major reservoir and potential source of foodborne salmonellosis; thus, monitoring of Salmonella strains in livestock may help to detect emergence of new serotypes/MDR phenotypes and to gain a better understanding of Salmonella epidemiology. For this reason, we analyzed trends over a nine-year period in serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance, of Salmonella isolates recovered at the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (MVDL) from swine (n = 2,537) and cattle (n = 1,028) samples. Prevalence of predominant serotypes changed over time; in swine, S. Typhimurium and S. Derby decreased and S. Agona and S. 4,5,12:i:- increased throughout the study period. In cattle, S. Dublin, S. Montevideo and S. Cerro increased and S. Muenster became less frequent. Median minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and proportion of antibiotic resistant isolates were higher for those recovered from swine compared with cattle, and were particularly high for certain antibiotic-serotype combinations. The proportion of resistant swine isolates was also higher than observed in the NARMS data, probably due to the different cohort of animals represented in each dataset. Results provide insight into the dynamics of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in livestock in Minnesota, and can help to monitor emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hong
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Albert Rovira
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Peter Davies
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | | | | | - Aaron Rendahl
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Karen Olsen
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Jeff B. Bender
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Scott Wells
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Andres Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Julio Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
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Oh SI, Kim JW, Chae M, Jung JA, So B, Kim B, Kim HY. Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates from Clinically Diseased Pigs in Korea. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1884-1890. [PMID: 28221916 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from clinically diseased pigs collected from 2008 to 2014 in Korea. Isolates were also characterized according to the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Among 94 Salmonella isolates, 81 (86.2%) were identified as being of the Salmonella Typhimurium serotype, followed by Salmonella Derby (6 of 94, 6.4%), Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- (4 of 94, 4.3%), Salmonella Enteritidis (2 of 94, 2.1%), and Salmonella Brandenburg (1 of 94, 1.1%). The majority of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were resistant to tetracycline (92.6%), followed by streptomycin (88.9%) and ampicillin (80.2%). Overall, 96.3% of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates showed multidrug-resistant phenotypes and commonly harbored the resistance genes blaTEM (64.9%), flo (32.8%), aadA (55.3%), strA (58.5%), strB (58.5%), sulII (53.2%), and tetA (61.7%). The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 45 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from individual farms revealed 27 distinct patterns that formed one major and two minor clusters in the dendrogram analysis, suggesting that most of the isolates (91.1%) from diseased pigs were genetically related. These findings can assist veterinarians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents to combat Salmonella Typhimurium infections in pigs. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and genetic status in Salmonella Typhimurium for the detection of emerging resistance trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ik Oh
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongju Chae
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-A Jung
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjae So
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
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50
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Sanchez-Maldonado AF, Aslam M, Service C, Narváez-Bravo C, Avery BP, Johnson R, Jones TH. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from two pork processing plants in Alberta, Canada. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 241:49-59. [PMID: 27750110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the frequency of Salmonella serovars on pig carcasses at various processing steps in two commercial pork processing plants in Alberta, Canada and characterized phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and PFGE patterns of the Salmonella isolates. Over a one year period, 1000 swab samples were collected from randomly selected pigs at two slaughter plants. Sampling points were: carcass swabs after bleeding (CSAB), carcass swabs after de-hairing (CSAD, plant A) or skinning (CSASk, plant B), carcass swabs after evisceration (CSAE), carcass swabs after pasteurization (CSAP, plant A) or washing (CSAW, plants B) and retail pork (RP). For plant A, 87% of CSAB and 8% of CSAE were positive for Salmonella while at plant B, Salmonella was recovered from 94% of CSAB and 10% of CSAE. Salmonella was not recovered from the RP samples at either plant, indicating that the plants used effective control measures. Salmonella enterica serovar Derby was the most common serotype (23%, 29/127) recovered in plant A and plant B (61%, 76/124). For plant A, 35% (45/127) of isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. Five isolates (3.9%), 4 serovar Ohio strains and one serovar I:Rough-O:I,v:-, strain were simultaneously resistant to antimicrobials of very high (Category I), high (Category II), and medium (Category III) importance to human medicine. The 4 S. Ohio isolates were recovered from 3 different steps of pork processing on the same sampling day and displayed resistance to 5-7 antimicrobials, with all of them displaying resistance to ceftiofur and ceftriaxone (Category I). An I:Rough-O:l,v:- isolate, recovered on a different sampling day, was resistant to 7 antimicrobials that included resistance to ampicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur and ceftriaxone (Category I). Salmonella strains isolated from plant A harbored 12 different AMR genes. The most prevalent genes were sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), aadA, strA/strB, aac(3)IV and aphA1. For Salmonella isolates from plant B, 7 resistance genes were identified alone or in combination where tet(B) was found in 77 (62.3%) of the isolates. For plant A, 19 different PFGE subtypes of Salmonella isolates that displayed phenotypic and/or genotypic resistance were observed while 13 different PFGE subtypes were observed for plant B. The lack of detection of Salmonella on the surfaces of RP suggests that current pork processing practices can dramatically reduce Salmonella. Salmonella isolates from pig carcasses at various steps displayed multidrug resistance, including to those of very high importance in human medicine, which represent a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mueen Aslam
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Cara Service
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Claudia Narváez-Bravo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Brent P Avery
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2, Canada
| | - Roger Johnson
- National Microbiology Laboratory @ Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 3W4, Canada
| | - Tineke H Jones
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada.
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