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Rahman MK, Rodriguez-Mori H, Loneragan GH, Awosile B. Beta-lactamase genes in bacteria from food animals, retail meat, and human surveillance programs in the United States from 2002 to 2021. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 106:102139. [PMID: 38325128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The spread of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria is a global public-health concern. This study aimed to explore the distribution of beta-lactamases reported in three sampling sources (cecal, retail meat, and human) collected as part of integrated surveillance in the United States. We retrieved and analyzed data from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Systems (NARMS) from 2002 to 2021. A total of 115 beta-lactamase genes were detected in E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter, Shigella and Vibrio: including 35 genes from cecal isolates, 32 genes from the retail meat isolates, and 104 genes from the human isolates. Three genes in E. coli (blaCMY-2,blaTEM-1A, and blaTEM-1B), 6 genes in Salmonella enterica (blaCARB-2, blaCMY-2, blaCTXM-65, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B, and blaHERA-3), and 2 genes in Campylobacter spp. (blaOXA-61 and blaOXA-449) have been detected across food animals (cattle, chicken, swine, and turkey) and humans over the study period. blaCTXM-55 has been detected in E. coli isolates from the four food animal sources while blaCTXM-15 and blaCTXM-27 were found only in cattle and swine. In Salmonella enterica, blaCTXM-2, blaCTXM-9, blaCTXM-14, blaCTXM-15, blaCTXM-27, blaCTXM-55, and blaNDM-1 were only detected among human isolates. blaOXAs and blaCARB were bacteria-specific and the only beta-lactamase genes detected in Campylobacter spp. and Vibrio spp respectively. The proportions of beta-lactamase genes detected varies from bacteria to bacteria. This study provided insights on the beta-lactamase genes detected in bacteria in food animals and humans in the United States. This is necessary for better understanding the molecular epidemiology of clinically important beta-lactamases in one health interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kaisar Rahman
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | | | - Guy H Loneragan
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Babafela Awosile
- Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Punchihewage Don AJ, Hawkins J, Adnan AM, Hashem F, Parveen S. The outbreaks and prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in poultry in the United States: An overview. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lu Z, Marchant J, Thompson S, Melgarejo H, Ignatova D, Kopić S, Damaj R, Trejo H, Paramo R, Reed A, Breidt F, Kathariou S. Bacteriophages Isolated From Turkeys Infecting Diverse Salmonella Serovars. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:933751. [PMID: 35865922 PMCID: PMC9294604 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.933751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains has increased global concern for salmonellosis. Recent studies have shown that bacteriophages (phages) are novel and the most promising antibacterial agents for biocontrol in foods because phages specifically kill target bacteria without affecting other bacteria, do not alter organoleptic properties or nutritional quality of foods, and are safe and environmentally friendly. Due to the vast variation in Salmonella serotypes, large numbers of different and highly virulent Salmonella phages with broad host ranges are needed. This study isolated 14 Salmonella phages from turkey fecal and cecal samples. Six phages (Φ205, Φ206, Φ207, ΦEnt, ΦMont, and Φ13314) were selected for characterization. These phages were from all three families in the Caudovirales order. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that each phage had a unique structural protein profile. Each phage had a distinct host range. Φ207 and ΦEnt are both siphophages. They shared eight hosts, including seven different Salmonella serovars and one Shigella sonnei strain. These two phages showed different restriction banding patterns generated through EcoRI or HindIII digestion, but shared three bands from EcoRI digestion. ΦEnt displayed the broadest and very unusual host range infecting 11 Salmonella strains from nine serovars and three Shigella strains from two species, and thus was further characterized. The one-step growth curve revealed that ΦEnt had a short latent period (10 min) and relatively large burst size (100 PFU/infected cell). ΦEnt and its host showed better thermal stabilities in tryptic soy broth than in saline at 63 or 72°C. In the model food system (cucumber juice or beef broth), ΦEnt infection [regardless of the multiplicity of infections (MOIs) of 1, 10, and 100] resulted in more than 5-log10 reduction in Salmonella concentration within 4 or 5 h. Such high lytic activity combined with its remarkably broad and unusual host range and good thermal stability suggested that ΦEnt is a novel Salmonella phage with great potential to be used as an effective biocontrol agent against diverse Salmonella serovars in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhongjing Lu,
| | - John Marchant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Samantha Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Henry Melgarejo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Dzhuliya Ignatova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Sandra Kopić
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Rana Damaj
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Hedy Trejo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Rodrigo Paramo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Ashley Reed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science and Mathematics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, United States
| | - Fred Breidt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Bharat A, Mataseje L, Parmley EJ, Avery BP, Cox G, Carson CA, Irwin RJ, Deckert AE, Daignault D, Alexander DC, Allen V, El Bailey S, Bekal S, German GJ, Haldane D, Hoang L, Chui L, Minion J, Zahariadis G, Reid-Smith RJ, Mulvey MR. One Health Genomic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase‒Producing Salmonella enterica, Canada, 2012‒2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1410-1420. [PMID: 35731173 PMCID: PMC9239887 DOI: 10.3201/eid2807.211528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, a major class of clinical antimicrobial drugs. We used genomic analysis to investigate whether domestic food animals, retail meat, and pets were reservoirs of ESBL-producing Salmonella for human infection in Canada. Of 30,303 Salmonella isolates tested during 2012–2016, we detected 95 ESBL producers. ESBL serotypes and alleles were mostly different between humans (n = 54) and animals/meat (n = 41). Two exceptions were blaSHV-2 and blaCTX-M-1 IncI1 plasmids, which were found in both sources. A subclade of S. enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates carrying the same IncI1-blaSHV-2 plasmid differed by only 1–7 single nucleotide variants. The most common ESBL producer in humans was Salmonella Infantis carrying blaCTX-M-65, which has since emerged in poultry in other countries. There were few instances of similar isolates and plasmids, suggesting that domestic animals and retail meat might have been minor reservoirs of ESBL-producing Salmonella for human infection.
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Dorr M, Silver A, Smurlick D, Arukha A, Kariyawasam S, Oladeinde A, Cook K, Denagamage T. Transferability of ESBL-encoding IncN and IncI1 plasmids among field strains of different Salmonella serovars and Escherichia coli. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:88-95. [PMID: 35489678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to sequence, assemble and annotate three plasmids (two IncN and one IncI1) carrying the blaCTX-M-1 gene and assess their transmissibility rates between homologous and heterologous serovars and/or species of bacteria. METHODS First, the plasmids were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. They were then transferred from three donor strains (E. coli/IncN, S. Heidelberg/IncN, and S. Heidelberg/IncI1) into nine recipient strains (S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg, S. Saint Paul, S. Cero, S. Infantis, S. Braenderup, E. coli 50, and E. coli 2010). The blaCTX-M-1 gene PCR, plasmid isolation, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were used on the transconjugants to confirm the successful transfer of ESBL plasmids into the recipient strains. RESULTS Both IncN plasmids were 42,407 bp in size and showed >99.4% similarity to the S. Bredeney pET1.2-IncN (GenBank accession CP043224.1) whereas the IncI1 plasmid was 107,635 bp in size and demonstrated >99.9% similarity to the E. coli pCOV33 plasmid (GenBank accession MG649046.1). Successful plasmid transfer was observed between donor E. coli (IncN) and all recipient strains except for E. coli 50 and between donor S. Heidelberg (IncN) and all recipient strains. Successful plasmid transfer was also observed between S. Heidelberg (IncI1) and E. coli 50. CONCLUSIONS Transfer of the bla CTX-M-1 encoding IncN and IncI1 plasmids via conjugation is possible yet occurs at different frequencies depending on the donor strain of bacteria with S. Heidelberg (IncN) having the highest donor-dependent transfer frequency, followed by E. coli 9079 (IncN) and S. Heidelberg (IncI1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Dorr
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Ave. Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Aryeh Silver
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Ave. Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Dylan Smurlick
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Ave. Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ananta Arukha
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Ave. Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Ave. Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Cook
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Thomas Denagamage
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Ave. Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Schmidt JW, Murray SA, Dickey AM, Wheeler TL, Harhay DM, Arthur TM. Twenty-Four-Month Longitudinal Study Suggests Little to No Horizontal Gene Transfer In Situ between Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Salmonella and Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli in a Beef Cattle Feedyard. J Food Prot 2022; 85:323-335. [PMID: 34788437 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) are preferred treatments for serious human Salmonella enterica infections. Beef cattle are suspected to contribute to human 3GC-resistant Salmonella infections. Commensal 3GC-resistant Escherichia coli are thought to act as reservoirs of 3GC resistance because these strains are isolated more frequently than are 3GC-resistant Salmonella strains at beef cattle feedyards. During each of 24 consecutive months, four samples of pen surface material were obtained from five pens (N = 480) at a Nebraska feedyard to determine to the contribution of 3GC-resistant E. coli to the occurrence of 3GC-resistant Salmonella. Illumina whole genome sequencing was performed, and susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was determined for 121 3GC-susceptible Salmonella, 121 3GC-resistant Salmonella, and 203 3GC-resistant E. coli isolates. 3GC-susceptible Salmonella isolates were predominantly from serotypes Muenchen (70.2%) and Montevideo clade 1 (23.1%). 3GC-resistant Salmonella isolates were predominantly from serotypes Montevideo clade 2 (84.3%). One bla gene type (blaCMY-2) and the IncC plasmid replicon were present in 100 and 97.5% of the 3GC-resistant Salmonella, respectively. Eleven bla gene types were detected in the 3GC-resistant E. coli, which were distributed across 42 multilocus sequence types. The blaCMY-2 gene and IncC plasmid replicon were present in 37.9 and 9.9% of the 3GC-resistant E. coli, respectively. These results suggest that 3GC resistance in Salmonella was primarily due the persistence of Salmonella Montevideo clade 2 with very minimal or no contribution from 3GC-resistant E. coli via horizontal gene transfer and that 3GC-resistant E. coli may not be a useful indicator for 3GC-resistant Salmonella in beef cattle production environments. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Sarah A Murray
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Aaron M Dickey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Tommy L Wheeler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Dayna M Harhay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Terrance M Arthur
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
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7
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Kim C, Fatani A, Almuqati R, Rahemi A, Abujamous A, Wynn C, Nartea T, Ndegwa E, Rutto L, Dhakal R. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in value‐added commodities procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Fatani
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Rehab Almuqati
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Alireza Rahemi
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Abujamous
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Crystal Wynn
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Theresa Nartea
- Cooperative Extension Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Eunice Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Laban Rutto
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Ramesh Dhakal
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
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Kim C, Almuqati R, Fatani A, Rahemi A, Kaseloo P, Wynn C, Nartea T, Ndegwa E, Rutto L. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in select fresh produce procured from farmers' markets in Central Virginia. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Rehab Almuqati
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Abeer Fatani
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Alireza Rahemi
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Paul Kaseloo
- Department of Biology Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Crystal Wynn
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Theresa Nartea
- Cooperative Extension Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Eunice Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
| | - Laban Rutto
- Agricultural Research Station Virginia State University Petersburg Virginia USA
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Thakali A, MacRae JD. A review of chemical and microbial contamination in food: What are the threats to a circular food system? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110635. [PMID: 33347866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A circular food system is one in which food waste is processed to recover plant nutrients and returned to the soil to enable the production of more food, rather than being diverted to landfill or incineration. The approach may be used to reduce energy and water use in food production and contribute to the sustainability of the system. Anaerobic digestion and composting are common food waste treatment technologies used to stabilize waste and produce residual materials that can replenish the soil, thus contributing to a circular food system. This approach can only be deemed safe and feasible, however, if food waste is uncontaminated or any contaminants are destroyed during treatment. This review brings together information on several contaminant classes at different stages of the food supply chain, their possible sources, and their fates during composting and digestion. The main aim is to identify factors that could impede the transition towards a safe, reliable and efficient circular food system. We investigated heavy metals, halogenated organic compounds, foodborne pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the food system and their fates during digestion and composting. Production and processing stages were identified as major entry points for these classes of contaminants. Heavy metals and foodborne pathogens pose less risk in a circular system than halogenated organics or antibiotic resistance. Given the diversity of properties among halogenated organic compounds, there is conflicting evidence about their fate during treatment. There are relatively few studies on the fate of ARGs during treatment, and these have produced variable results, indicating a need for more research to clarify their fate in the final products. Repeated land application of contaminated food waste residuals can increase the risk of accumulation and jeopardize the safety of a circular food system. Thus, careful management of the system and research into the fate of the contaminants during treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Thakali
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Jean D MacRae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
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10
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Dor Z, Shnaiderman-Torban A, Kondratyeva K, Davidovich-Cohen M, Rokney A, Steinman A, Navon-Venezia S. Emergence and Spread of Different ESBL-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovars in Hospitalized Horses Sharing a Highly Transferable IncM2 CTX-M-3-Encoding Plasmid. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:616032. [PMID: 33391248 PMCID: PMC7773750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.616032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a major causative pathogen of human and animal gastroenteritis. Antibiotic resistant strains have emerged due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) posing a major health concern. With the increasing reports on ESBL-producing Enterobacterales that colonize companion animals, we aimed to investigate ESBL dissemination among ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica (ESBL-S) in hospitalized horses. We prospectively collected ESBL-S isolates from hospitalized horses in a Veterinary-Teaching Hospital during Dec 2015–Dec 2017. Selection criteria for ESBL-S were white colonies on CHROMagarESBL plates and an ESBL phenotypic confirmation. Salmonella enterica serovars were determined using the Kaufmann-White-Le-Minor serological scheme. ESBL-encoding plasmids were purified, transformed and compared using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Whole genome sequencing (Illumina and MinION platforms) were performed for detailed phylogenetic and plasmid analyses. Twelve ESBL-S were included in this study. Molecular investigation and Sequence Read Archive (SRA) meta-analysis revealed the presence of three unique Salmonella enterica serovars, Cerro, Havana and Liverpool, all reported for the first time in horses. PFGE revealed the clonal spread of S. Cerro between seven horses. All twelve isolates carried blaCTX–M–3 and showed an identical multidrug resistance profile with co-resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and to aminoglycosides. Plasmid RFLP proved the inter-serovar horizontal spread of a single blaCTX–M–3-encoding plasmid. Complete sequence of a representative plasmid (S. Havana strain 373.3.1), designated pSEIL-3 was a -86.4 Kb IncM2 plasmid, that encoded nine antibiotic resistance genes. pSEIL-3 was virtually identical to pCTX-M3 from Citrobacter freundii, and showed high identity (>95%) to six other blaCTX–M–3 or blaNDM–1 IncM2 broad host range plasmids from various Enterobacterales of human origin. Using a specific six gene-based multiplex PCR, we detected pSEIL-3 in various Enterobacterales species that co-colonized the horses’ gut. Together, our findings show the alarming emergence of ESBL-S in hospitalized horses associated with gut shedding and foal morbidity and mortality. We demonstrated the dissemination of CTX-M-3 ESBL among different Salmonella enterica serovars due to transmission of a broad host range plasmid. This report highlights horses as a zoonotic reservoir for ESBL-S, including highly transmissible plasmids that may represent a ‘One-Health’ hazard. This risk calls for the implementation of infection control measures to monitor and control the spread of ESBL-S in hospitalized horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Dor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Anat Shnaiderman-Torban
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kira Kondratyeva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Assaf Rokney
- Government Central Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Steinman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiri Navon-Venezia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,The Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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11
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Awosile B, Eisnor J, Saab ME, Heider L, McClure JT. Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in retail meat products from the Maritime Provinces, Canada. Can J Microbiol 2020; 67:537-547. [PMID: 33242259 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in Escherichia coli isolates. The isolates were collected from retail meat products collected in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Our analyses involved the use of both selective and traditional culture methods; we also conducted genotype analyses using multiplex polymerase chain reactions. ESC-resistant (ESC-R) E. coli were detected in 33 of 559 samples (5.9%) using the traditional culture method, compared with 151 of 557 samples (27.1%) using the selective culture method. We recovered more isolates of ESC-R E. coli from poultry compared with beef and pork (P < 0.001). Multidrug resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), and AmpC phenotypes were more common in chicken-derived isolates than other retail meat products (P < 0.001). From the 98 isolates examined, 76 isolates (77.6%) were positive for either ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases or both. Among the 76 isolates, blaCMY-2 (78.9%), blaCTXM (46.1%), blaTEM (21.1%), and blaSHV (1.3%) genes were detected. Among the blaCTXM-producing isolates, blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-2, and blaCTXM-9 phylogenetic groups were detected. β-lactamase genes were more commonly detected in chicken-derived isolates compared with other meat types (P < 0.01). This study demonstrates the occurrence of ESBL- and AmpC-resistance genes in retail meat products in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. We found that selective culture significantly improved the recovery of ESC-R E. coli isolates from retail meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babafela Awosile
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Jessica Eisnor
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Matthew E Saab
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Luke Heider
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - J T McClure
- Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.,Health Management, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
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12
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Gebreyes WA, Jackwood D, de Oliveira CJB, Lee CW, Hoet AE, Thakur S. Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Zoonotic and Livestock Diseases. Microbiol Spectr 2020; 8:10.1128/microbiolspec.ame-0011-2019. [PMID: 32220263 PMCID: PMC10773240 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ame-0011-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic and livestock diseases are very important globally both in terms of direct impact on human and animal health and in terms of their relationship to the livelihood of farming communities, as they affect income generation and food security and have other, indirect consequences on human lives. More than two-thirds of emerging infectious diseases in humans today are known to be of animal origin. Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections that originate from animals, including hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens, such as livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA), invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella of animal origin, hyperviruent Clostridium difficile, and others, are of major significance to public health. Understanding the origin, risk factors, transmission, prevention, and control of such strains has been a challenge for various reasons, particularly due to the transdisciplinary partnership between and among human, environment, and animal health sectors. MDR bacteria greatly complicate the clinical management of human infections. Food animal farms, pets in communities, and veterinary hospital environments are major sources of such infections. However, attributing such infections and pinpointing sources requires highly discriminatory molecular methods as outlined in other parts of this curated series. Genotyping methods, such as multilocus sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and several others, have been used to decipher sources of foodborne and other zoonotic infectious diseases. In recent years, whole-genome-sequence-based approaches have been increasingly used for molecular epidemiology of diseases at the interface of humans, animals, and the environment. This part of the series highlights the major zoonotic and foodborne disease issues. *This article is part of a curated collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondwossen A Gebreyes
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Daral Jackwood
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Celso Jose Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, College for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba (CCA/UFPB), Areia, PB, Brazil
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Armando E Hoet
- Global One Health initiative (GOHi), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Population Health and Pathobiology (PHP), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
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Denagamage TN, Wallner-Pendleton E, Jayarao BM, Xiaoli L, Dudley EG, Wolfgang D, Kariyawasam S. Detection of CTX-M-1 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase among ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella enterica clinical isolates of poultry. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:681-687. [PMID: 31342869 PMCID: PMC6727121 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719864384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) conferred by cefotaximases (blaCTX-M) is a growing concern in the United States. Among food-producing animals, poultry are a major reservoir of ESC-resistant Salmonella. A retrospective study was carried out to further characterize 38 ceftiofur-resistant clinical Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from poultry during 2007-2018. Of the isolates tested, 31 displayed resistance to ceftriaxone and harbored blaCMY-2, whereas 7 isolates demonstrated resistance or reduced susceptibility to cefepime in addition to ceftriaxone resistance. These 7 isolates displayed extended-spectrum β-lactamase activity, harbored blaCTX-M-1, and were recovered only from recent poultry diagnostic submissions made in 2011-2018 as opposed to the 31 isolates that were recovered in 2007-2018. Further characterization of the blaCTX-M-1 gene determined that it was located on conjugative IncN/ST1 and IncI1/ST87 plasmids in the isolates from commercial turkeys and broilers, respectively. These plasmids have been responsible for extensive spread of blaCTX-M-1 in livestock, poultry, and humans in Europe. Potential transfer of IncN and IncI1 plasmids and/or nontyphoidal Salmonella carrying these plasmids through the food chain, or by other means to humans, may result in treatment failures. Our study demonstrates the importance of further characterization of ceftiofur-resistant S. enterica isolates detected by veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify the sources of blaCTX-M-1 and to mitigate the spread of ESC-resistant Salmonella in the poultry production pyramid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. Denagamage
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Eva Wallner-Pendleton
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Bhushan M. Jayarao
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lingzi Xiaoli
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Edward G. Dudley
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - David Wolfgang
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences (Denagamage, Wallner-Pendleton, Jayarao, Kariyawasam), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Food Science (Xiaoli, Dudley), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Bureau of Animal Health and Diagnostic Services, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, PA (Wolfgang)
- Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Denagamage), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine (Kariyawasam), University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Subhashinie Kariyawasam, Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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Brown AC, Chen JC, Watkins LKF, Campbell D, Folster JP, Tate H, Wasilenko J, Van Tubbergen C, Friedman CR. CTX-M-65 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serotype Infantis, United States 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:2284-2291. [PMID: 30457533 PMCID: PMC6256390 DOI: 10.3201/eid2412.180500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to clinically important third-generation cephalosporins, which are often used to treat invasive salmonellosis. In the United States, ESBLs are rarely found in Salmonella. However, in 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration found blaCTX-M-65 ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis in retail chicken meat. The isolate had a rare pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern. To clarify the sources and potential effects on human health, we examined isolates with this pattern obtained from human surveillance and associated metadata. Using broth microdilution for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing, we characterized the isolates. Of 34 isolates, 29 carried the blaCTX-M-65 gene with <9 additional resistance genes on 1 plasmid. Of 19 patients with travel information available, 12 (63%) reported recent travel to South America. Genetically, isolates from travelers, nontravelers, and retail chicken meat were similar. Expanded surveillance is needed to determine domestic sources and potentially prevent spread of this ESBL-containing plasmid.
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15
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Monte DF, Lincopan N, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Landgraf M. Current insights on high priority antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica in food and foodstuffs: a review. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Ball TA, Monte DF, Aidara-Kane A, Matheu-Alvarez J, Ru H, Thakur S, Horovitz J, Ejobi F, Lacher DW, Fedorka-Cray PJ. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica from Dairy Cattle Farms in the Wakiso District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:54-59. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takiyah A. Ball
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Daniel F. Monte
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Awa Aidara-Kane
- Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Matheu-Alvarez
- Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Joy Horovitz
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Francis Ejobi
- Department of Bio Security, Ecosystems, and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David W. Lacher
- Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Paula J. Fedorka-Cray
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
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17
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Non-typhoidal
Salmonella
is the most common foodborne bacterial pathogen in most countries. It is widely present in food animal species, and therefore blocking its transmission through the food supply is a prominent focus of food safety activities worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal
Salmonella
arises in large part because of antibiotic use in animal husbandry. Tracking resistance in
Salmonella
is required to design targeted interventions to contain or diminish resistance and refine use practices in production. Many countries have established systems to monitor antibiotic resistance in
Salmonella
and other bacteria, the earliest ones appearing the Europe and the US. In this chapter, we compare recent
Salmonella
antibiotic susceptibility data from Europe and the US. In addition, we summarize the state of known resistance genes that have been identified in the genus. The advent of routine whole genome sequencing has made it possible to conduct genomic surveillance of resistance based on DNA sequences alone. This points to a new model of surveillance in the future that will provide more definitive information on the sources of resistant
Salmonella
, the specific types of resistance genes involved, and information on how resistance spreads.
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Roto SM, Park SH, Lee SI, Kaldhone P, Pavlidis HO, Frankenbach SB, McIntyre DR, Striplin K, Brammer L, Ricke SC. Effects of feeding Original XPC™ to broilers with a live coccidiosis-vaccine under industry conditions: Part 1. Growth performance and Salmonella inhibition. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1831-1837. [PMID: 28340000 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of poultry diets with Diamond V Original XPC™ (XPC) has been proposed as a means to ameliorate the commonly observed loss of appetite and depression of growth in birds given a live coccidiosis vaccine. A study was conducted to compare the effects on bird performance of a live coccidiosis vaccine in broilers, with and without the dietary inclusion of XPC (1.25 g/kg). Ross 708 male broilers (n = 1,280) were allocated to one of 4 feed treatments: cocci-vaccine (T1), cocci-vaccine + XPC (T2), cocci-vaccine + salinomycin in the grower diet only, (T3), and cocci-vaccine + salinomycin in the grower diet + XPC (T4). Birds consuming diets containing XPC (T2 and T4) and salinomycin (T3) exhibited increased (P < 0.05) feed intake and significantly heavier body weights at 28 d (1.70, 1.74, and 1.67 kg, respectively) and 42 d (3.29, 3.31, and 3.26 kg, respectively). Feed conversion ratio at 28 d was improved (P < 0.05) by adding XPC to diets (T2: 1.47 and T4: 1.44) compared to control diets (T1: 1.50 and T3: 1.47). Salmonella prevalence determined via selective media indicated the inclusion of XPC in the diet resulted in a significant reduction of Salmonella when compared to treatments lacking XPC. Molecular confirmation of Salmonella species indicated S. Kentucky to be present in 38 of the 39 positive samples. Results revealed the ability of XPC in reducing the prevalence of Salmonella. Results from this study also suggest that XPC could be used in conjunction with a live coccidiosis-vaccine to increase growth rate and improve feed conversion of broilers. However, further work is needed to delineate more specific effects directly attributable to XPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Roto
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72704
| | - S H Park
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72704
| | - S I Lee
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72704
| | - P Kaldhone
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72704
| | | | | | | | | | - L Brammer
- OK Foods, Inc., Fort Smith, AR 72916
| | - S C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72704
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Song Q, Zhang D, Gao H, Wu J. Salmonella Species' Persistence and Their High Level of Antimicrobial Resistance in Flooded Man-Made Rivers in China. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1404-1411. [PMID: 29750591 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Man-made rivers, owing to proximity to human habitats, facilitate transmission of salmonellosis to humans. To determine the contamination situation by Salmonella in flooded man-made rivers and thereafter the exposure risk to public health, we investigated the prevalence of Salmonella species and their antimicrobial resistance in such rivers, as well as the relationship between the incidence of local infectious diarrhea cases and the number of Salmonella isolates from patients. After a heavy flood, 95 isolates of 13 Salmonella serotypes were isolated from 80 river water samples. The two most prevalent serotypes were Typhimurium and Derby. Eight Salmonella serotypes were newly detected after the flood. Overall, 50 isolates were resistant to ampicillin and/or cefotaxime and carried at least blaTEM. Twelve isolates of serotypes Typhimurium, Derby, Rissen, and Indiana were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carried at least one of blaOXA and blaCTX-M-like genes. Twelve isolates of serotypes Typhimurium, Derby, Agona, Rissen, and Indiana were resistant to ciprofloxacin and had gyrA mutations. Isolates of Typhimurium, Derby, and Indiana were concurrently ciprofloxacin resistant and ESBL producing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis illustrates the circulation of two dominant clones of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates among patients, river, and food. High prevalence of various highly pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella serotypes shows that man-made rivers are prone to heavy contamination with Salmonella, and as a result put public health at greater risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifa Song
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Gao
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Wu
- 2 Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital , Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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20
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Murphy CN, Fowler RC, Williams AJ, Iwen PC, Fey PD. Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Nonsusceptible to Both Levofloxacin and Ceftriaxone in Nebraska, United States 2014–2015. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:235-238. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin N. Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Randal C. Fowler
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | | | - Paul D. Fey
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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21
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Mollenkopf D, Mathys D, Dargatz D, Erdman M, Habing G, Daniels J, Wittum T. Genotypic and epidemiologic characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant Salmonella enterica from US beef feedlots. Prev Vet Med 2017; 146:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Helke KL, McCrackin MA, Galloway AM, Poole AZ, Salgado CD, Marriott BP. Effects of antimicrobial use in agricultural animals on drug-resistant foodborne salmonellosis in humans: A systematic literature review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:472-488. [PMID: 27602884 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1230088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Controversy continues concerning antimicrobial use in food animals and its relationship to drug-resistant infections in humans. We systematically reviewed published literature for evidence of a relationship between antimicrobial use in agricultural animals and drug-resistant meat or dairy-borne non-typhoidal salmonellosis in humans. Based on publications from the United States (U.S.), Canada, and Denmark from January 2010 to July 2014, 858 articles received title and abstract review, 104 met study criteria for full article review with 68 retained for which data are presented. Antibiotic exposure in both cattle and humans found an increased likelihood of Salmonella colonization, whereas in chickens, animals not exposed to antibiotics (organic) were more likely to be Salmonella positive and those that had antibiotic exposure were more likely to harbor antimicrobial resistant Salmonella organisms. In swine literature, only tylosin exposure was examined and no correlation was found among exposure, Salmonella colonization, or antimicrobial resistance. No studies that identified farm antimicrobial use also traced antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella from farm to fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L Helke
- a Department of Comparative Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - M A McCrackin
- a Department of Comparative Medicine , Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,b Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Department of Research Service , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ashley M Galloway
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Ann Z Poole
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Cassandra D Salgado
- d Department of Medicine , Infectious Disease Division, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Bernadette P Marriott
- c Department of Medicine , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA.,e Department of Psychiatry , Nutrition Section, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
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23
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Iwamoto M, Reynolds J, Karp BE, Tate H, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Plumblee JR, Hoekstra RM, Whichard JM, Mahon BE. Ceftriaxone-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella from Humans, Retail Meats, and Food Animals in the United States, 1996-2013. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 14:74-83. [PMID: 27860517 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceftriaxone resistance in Salmonella is a serious public health threat. Ceftriaxone is commonly used to treat severe Salmonella infections, especially in children. Identifying the sources and drivers of ceftriaxone resistance among nontyphoidal Salmonella is crucial. MATERIALS AND METHODS The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) tracks antimicrobial resistance in foodborne and other enteric bacteria from humans, retail meats, and food animals. We examined NARMS data reported during 1996-2013 to characterize ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infections in humans. We used Spearman rank correlation to examine the relationships between the annual percentage of ceftriaxone resistance among Salmonella isolates from humans with isolates from retail meats and food animals. RESULTS A total of 978 (2.9%) of 34,100 nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from humans were resistant to ceftriaxone. Many (40%) ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were from children younger than 18 years. Most ceftriaxone-resistant isolates were one of three serotypes: Newport (40%), Typhimurium (26%), or Heidelberg (12%). All were resistant to other antimicrobials, and resistance varied by serotype. We found statistically significant correlations in ceftriaxone resistance between human and ground beef Newport isolates (r = 0.83), between human and cattle Typhimurium isolates (r = 0.57), between human and chicken Heidelberg isolates (r = 0.65), and between human and turkey Heidelberg isolates (r = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS Ceftriaxone resistance among Salmonella Newport, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg isolates from humans strongly correlates with ceftriaxone resistance in isolates from ground beef, cattle, and poultry, respectively. These findings support other lines of evidence that food animals are important reservoirs of ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella that cause human illness in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Iwamoto
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jared Reynolds
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Beth E Karp
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather Tate
- 2 Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine , U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Paula J Fedorka-Cray
- 3 Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia .,4 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University , College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jodie R Plumblee
- 3 Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Robert M Hoekstra
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean M Whichard
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Barbara E Mahon
- 1 Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
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24
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Bae D, Kweon O, Khan AA. Isolation and Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Serovars from Imported Food Products. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1348-54. [PMID: 27497122 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance and elucidate the resistance mechanism in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from food products imported into the United States from 2011 to 2013. Food products contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal S. enterica were mainly imported from Taiwan, Indonesia, Vietnam, and China. PCR, DNA sequencing, and plasmid analyses were used to characterize antimicrobial resistance determinants. Twentythree of 110 S. enterica isolates were resistant to various antimicrobial classes, including β-lactam, aminoglycoside, phenicol, glycopeptide, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, and/or fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents. Twelve of the isolates were multidrug resistant strains. Antimicrobial resistance determinants blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-9, blaOXA-1, tetA, tetB, tetD, dfrA1, dfrV, dhfrI, dhfrXII, drf17, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, orfC, qnrS, and mutations of gyrA and parC were detected in one or more antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal S. enterica strains. Plasmid profiles revealed that 12 of the 23 antimicrobial-resistant strains harbored plasmids with incompatibility groups IncFIB, IncHI1, IncI1, IncN, IncW, and IncX. Epidemiologic and antimicrobial resistance monitoring data combined with molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance determinants in Salmonella strains isolated from imported food products may provide information that can be used to establish or implement food safety programs to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeoul Bae
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Ashraf A Khan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA.
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Prasertsee T, Khantaprab N, Yamsakul P, Santiyanont P, Chokesajjawatee N, Patchanee P. Repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting and the relationship of antimicrobial-resistance characteristics and corresponding genes among Salmonella strains from pig production. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)61054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes using melting curve analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 124:72-8. [PMID: 27021662 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Real-time PCR melt curve assays for the detection of β-lactamase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in Gram-negative bacteria were developed. Two multiplex real-time PCR melt curve assays were developed for the detection of ten common β-lactamase genes: blaKPC-like, blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM-like, blaVIM-like, blaIMP-like, blaCTX-M-1+2-group, blaCMY-like, blaACC-like, blaSHV-like and blaTEM-like. The assays were evaluated using 25 bacterial strains and 31 DNA samples (total n=56) comprising different Enterobacteriaceae genera and Pseudomonas spp. These strains were previously characterized at five research institutes. Each resistance gene targeted in this study generated a non-overlapping and distinct melt curve peak. The assay worked effectively and detected the presence of additional resistance genes in 23 samples. The assays developed in this study offer a simple, low cost method for the detection of prevalent β-lactamase, ESBL and carbapenemase genes among Gram-negative pathogens.
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Michael GB, Freitag C, Wendlandt S, Eidam C, Feßler AT, Lopes GV, Kadlec K, Schwarz S. Emerging issues in antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from food-producing animals. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:427-43. [PMID: 25812464 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from food-producing animals has become a major research topic. In this review, different emerging resistance properties related to bacteria of food-producing animals are highlighted. These include: extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae; carbapenemase-producing bacteria; bovine respiratory tract pathogens, such as Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica, which harbor the multiresistance mediating integrative and conjugative element ICEPmu1; Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that carry the multiresistance gene cfr; and the occurrence of numerous novel antimicrobial resistance genes in livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The emergence of the aforementioned resistance properties is mainly based on the exchange of mobile genetic elements that carry the respective resistance genes.
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Extended-Spectrum-Cephalosporin Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Beef Cattle. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:1162-3. [PMID: 26596933 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02516-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Bae D, Cheng CM, Khan AA. Characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) from imported food products. Int J Food Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26210532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Food contaminated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica has emerged as an important global issue due to the international food-product trade. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether imported food products can serve as a reservoir for non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) that can transmit β-lactam-resistance to humans through ingestion of the contaminated food. NTS isolates (n=110) were collected from various imported food products (n=3480) from 2011 to 2013. The NTS isolates were analyzed by serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and plasmid profiling. Salmonella ser. Weltevreden, Salmonella ser. Newport, Salmonella ser. Senftenberg, Salmonella ser. Virchow, Salmonella ser. Enteritidis, Salmonella ser. Typhimurium, and Salmonella ser. Bareilly were the most prevalent serovars. Nine NTS strains were resistant to ampicillin and/or one or more cephalosporins (MIC>32 μg/mL). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection revealed that all nine isolates carried the bla(TEM-1) β-lactamase gene, with or without the bla(CTX-M-9) or bla(OXA-1) genes. Two isolates, PSS_913 and PSS_988, exhibited decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and ampicillin. Plasmids ranging in size from less than 8 to over 165 kbp, from all of the 9 resistant isolates, belonged to the IncHI1, IncI1, IncN, or IncX groups. Conjugation experiments and Southern hybridization, using bla(TEM-1), confirmed the plasmid-mediated transfer of ESBL genes, which resulted in increased MICs of β-lactams for Escherichia coli transconjugants. The contamination of imported food products by NTS with conjugative plasmid-borne ESBL genes may contribute to the spread of ESBL-producing NTS and compromise the therapeutic activity of extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeoul Bae
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Chorng-Ming Cheng
- Pacific Regional Laboratory-Southwest, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, CA 92612, United States
| | - Ashraf A Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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Prevalence and detection of antibiotic-resistant determinant in Salmonella isolated from food-producing animals. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 47:37-43. [PMID: 25348646 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. infections are considered as the most common food-borne disease globally. The contamination of food products with Salmonella has given rise to severe health and economic challenges. This study assessed the prevalence of Salmonella in the faeces of cows and goats in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, their antibiotic resistance patterns as well as antibiotic-resistant gene determinant. Antibiotic disc was used for antibiogram profiles while polymerase chain reaction was employed for the detection of antibiotic-resistant genes. A total of 150 Salmonella were isolated from the faecal samples. Eighty two (55%) isolates were recovered from cow faeces while 68 (45%) were isolated from goat faeces. All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%) while 95% were sensitive to ofloxacin. Also, a high sensitivity of 93 and 89% was observed against nalidixic acid and ofloxacin, respectively. Salmonella isolates demonstrated moderate sensitivity against cephalothin (70%), chloramphenicol (75%) and minocycline (68%) while 49% were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. The prevalence of the antibiotic-resistant genes in Salmonella isolates were detected as follows: integron conserved segment 28% (42/150), bla TEM gene 19.3% (29/150), blapse₁ 7.3% (11/150) and blaampC 4.7% (7/150). The results obtained in the study imply that cow and goat faeces could be potential reservoirs of Salmonella and could possibly cause infections as a result of contamination of food products. There is a need for a surveillance system to track resistance patterns of Salmonella circulating in South Africa.
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Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium skills to succeed in the host: virulence and regulation. Clin Microbiol Rev 2013; 26:308-41. [PMID: 23554419 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00066-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a primary enteric pathogen infecting both humans and animals. Infection begins with the ingestion of contaminated food or water so that salmonellae reach the intestinal epithelium and trigger gastrointestinal disease. In some patients the infection spreads upon invasion of the intestinal epithelium, internalization within phagocytes, and subsequent dissemination. In that case, antimicrobial therapy, based on fluoroquinolones and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins as the current drugs of choice, is indicated. To accomplish the pathogenic process, the Salmonella chromosome comprises several virulence mechanisms. The most important virulence genes are those located within the so-called Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). Thus far, five SPIs have been reported to have a major contribution to pathogenesis. Nonetheless, further virulence traits, such as the pSLT virulence plasmid, adhesins, flagella, and biofilm-related proteins, also contribute to success within the host. Several regulatory mechanisms which synchronize all these elements in order to guarantee bacterial survival have been described. These mechanisms govern the transitions from the different pathogenic stages and drive the pathogen to achieve maximal efficiency inside the host. This review focuses primarily on the virulence armamentarium of this pathogen and the extremely complicated regulatory network controlling its success.
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