1
|
Hellenbrand DJ, Quinn CM, Piper ZJ, Elder RT, Mishra RR, Marti TL, Omuro PM, Roddick RM, Lee JS, Murphy WL, Hanna AS. The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1308-1317. [PMID: 37905880 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00035/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff
After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate the inflammatory process and return to baseline within hours post-injury, chemokines continue to recruit immune cells for days post-injury, while anti-inflammatory cytokines are downregulated by a week post-injury, and sexual dimorphisms observed after mild injury subsided with more severe injuries. Results from this work define critical chemokines that influence immune cell infiltration and important cytokines involved in glial scar development after spinal cord injury, which are essential for researchers developing treatments targeting secondary damage after spinal cord injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hellenbrand
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles M Quinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zachariah J Piper
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan T Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raveena R Mishra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Taylor L Marti
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phoebe M Omuro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rylie M Roddick
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Forward BIO Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amgad S Hanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu GQ, Wang YY, Xu YM, Bian MM, Zhang L, Yan HZ, Gao JX, Li JL, Chen YQ, Zhang N, Ding SQ, Wang R, Li JY, Hu JG, Lü HZ. Exosomes derived from vMIP-II-Lamp2b gene-modified M2 cells provide neuroprotection by targeting the injured spinal cord, inhibiting chemokine signals and modulating microglia/macrophage polarization in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114784. [PMID: 38642665 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the key injury factors for spinal cord injury (SCI). Exosomes (Exos) derived from M2 macrophages have been shown to inhibit inflammation and be beneficial in SCI animal models. However, lacking targetability restricts their application prospects. Considering that chemokine receptors increase dramatically after SCI, viral macrophage inflammatory protein II (vMIP-II) is a broad-spectrum chemokine receptor binding peptide, and lysosomal associated membrane protein 2b (Lamp2b) is the key membrane component of Exos, we speculated that vMIP-II-Lamp2b gene-modified M2 macrophage-derived Exos (vMIP-II-Lamp2b-M2-Exo) not only have anti-inflammatory properties, but also can target the injured area by vMIP-II. In this study, using a murine contusive SCI model, we revealed that vMIP-II-Lamp2b-M2-Exo could target the chemokine receptors which highly expressed in the injured spinal cords, inhibit some key chemokine receptor signaling pathways (such as MAPK and Akt), further inhibit proinflammatory factors (such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, and iNOS), and promote anti-inflammatory factors (such as IL-4 and Arg1) productions, and the transformation of microglia/macrophages from M1 into M2. Moreover, the improved histological and functional recoveries were also found. Collectively, our results suggest that vMIP-II-Lamp2b-M2-Exo may provide neuroprotection by targeting the injured spinal cord, inhibiting some chemokine signals, reducing proinflammatory factor production and modulating microglia/macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Qiang Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Yao-Mei Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Ming-Ming Bian
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Hua-Zheng Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Jian-Xiong Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China
| | - Jing-Lu Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Jiang-Yan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China.
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, PR China; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wisnu Wardhana DP, Maliawan S, Bagus Mahadewa TG, Islam AA, Jawi IM, Wiradewi Lestari AA, Kamasan Nyoman Arijana IG, Rosyidi RM, Wiranata S. Effects of Moleac 901 after severe spinal cord injury on chronic phase in Wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28522. [PMID: 38601579 PMCID: PMC11004522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background MLC901 is a phytopharmaceutical comprising significant compounds that can induce microenvironments conducive to the proliferation and specialization of neural cell progenitors. This study investigates the impact of administering MLC901, reducing the expression of NG2 and caspase-3 and increasing IL-10 levels, as well as histopathological and motor function, after severe spinal cord injury (SCI) in the chronic phase. Methods The study employed a randomized post-test-only control group design conducted between February and April 2023 at the Integrated Biomedical Laboratory. The participants in this study were categorized into three distinct groups: normal control, negative control, and therapy. A cohort of 18 rats was utilized for the study, with each group assigned a random allocation of six rats as subjects. Results The findings demonstrated a statistically significant disparity in the average NG2 expression (-52.00 ± 20.03; p ≤ 0.05), as well as Caspase-3 expression (-94.89 ± 8.57; p ≤ 0.05), which exhibited a lower magnitude. The levels of IL-10 (8.96 ± 3.98; p ≤ 0.05) were observed to be higher, along with an elevation in BBB score (7.67 ± 0.89; p ≤ 0.05), which was more pronounced in the treatment group compared to the negative control group. The cut-off point for cavitation diameter is determined to be 114.915 μm, exhibiting a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The area under curve (AUC) value is 1.0. The administration of MLC901 demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the increase in IL-10 levels (B 8.968; p ≤ 0.05), as well as a substantial negative correlation with the decrease in Caspase-3 expression (B -52.000; p ≤ 0.05) and NG2 expression (B -94.892; p ≤ 0.05). The administration of MLC901 via the upregulation of NG2 and Caspase-3 significantly increased the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores. Conclusions MLC901 positively affects motor and histopathological outcomes in the chronic phase of severe SCI in the Wistar rat model. These benefits are believed to be achieved by suppressing gliosis, neuroapoptosis, and neuroinflammation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dewa Putu Wisnu Wardhana
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Udayana University Hospital, 80361, Badung, Indonesia
| | - Sri Maliawan
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Dr. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, 80113, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Dr. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, 80113, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Asadul Islam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - I Made Jawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, 80232, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Dr. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, 80113, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - Rohadi Muhammad Rosyidi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital, 84371, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Sinta Wiranata
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, 80232, Denpasar, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang S, Tang H, Li HL, Han TC, Li ZJ, Yin ZS, Chu JJ. CCL2 Knockdown Attenuates Inflammatory Response After Spinal Cord Injury Through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway: Bioinformatics Analysis and Experimental Validation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1433-1447. [PMID: 37721689 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common clinical problem in orthopedics with a lack of effective treatments and drug targets. In the present study, we performed bioinformatic analysis of SCI datasets GSE464 and GSE45006 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database and experimentally validated CCL2 expression in an animal model of SCI. This was followed by stimulation of PC-12 cells using hydrogen peroxide to construct a cellular model of SCI. CCL2 expression was knocked down using small interfering RNA (si-CCL2), and PI3K signaling pathway inhibitors and activators were used to validate and observe the changes in downstream inflammation. Through data mining, we found that the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways after SCI expression were significantly increased, and after peroxide stimulation of PC-12 cells with CCL2 knockdown, their downstream cellular inflammatory factor levels were decreased. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was blocked by PI3K inhibitors, and the downstream inflammatory response was suppressed. In contrast, when PI3K activators were used, the inflammatory response was enhanced, indicating that the CCL2-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory response. This study revealed that the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 can regulate the inflammatory response of PC-12 cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and blocking the expression of the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of secondary injury after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Fang
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China
| | - Ti-Chao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Linquan County People's Hospital, 109 Tong Yang Road, Fuyang, Anhui Province, 236400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Linquan County People's Hospital, 109 Tong Yang Road, Fuyang, Anhui Province, 236400, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, #218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230011, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Li G, Liang X, Wu Z, Chen C, Zhang F, Niu J, Li X, Yan J, Wang N, Li J, Wang Y. Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Altered Peptide Ligand-Loaded Dendritic Cell Act as A Therapeutic Vaccine for Spinal Cord Injury Through Eliciting CD4 + T cell-Mediated Neuroprotective Immunity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304648. [PMID: 38037457 PMCID: PMC10797491 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The balance among different CD4+ T cell subsets is crucial for repairing the injured spinal cord. Dendritic cell (DC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (DsEVs) effectively activate T-cell immunity. Altered peptide ligands (APLs), derived from myelin basic protein (MBP), have been shown to affect CD4+ T cell subsets and reduce neuroinflammation levels. However, the application of APLs is challenging because of their poor stability and associated side effects. Herein, it is demonstrate that DsEVs can act as carriers for APL MBP87-99 A91 (A91-DsEVs) to induce the activation of 2 helper T (Th2) and regulatory T (Treg) cells for spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice. These stimulated CD4+ T cells can efficiently "home" to the lesion area and establish a beneficial microenvironment through inducing the activation of M2 macrophages/microglia, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and increasing the release of neurotrophic factors. The microenvironment mediated by A91-DsEVs may enhance axon regrowth, protect neurons, and promote remyelination, which may support the recovery of motor function in the SCI model mice. In conclusion, using A91-DsEVs as a therapeutic vaccine may help induce neuroprotective immunity in the treatment of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and RegenerationThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Guanglei Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Xiongjie Liang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Zexuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Chao Chen
- Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonT5C 0T2Canada
| | - Fawang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Jiawen Niu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Hard Tissue Development and RegenerationThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Nanxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology and Electron MicroscopyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceHarbin Medical UniversityNo. 157 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| | - Yufu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityNo. 246 Baojian RoadHarbin150086China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sammons T, Shanks S. Efficacy of red low-level laser for postoperative pain management: A review of literature. J Perioper Pract 2023; 33:350-357. [PMID: 36394302 DOI: 10.1177/17504589221124757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many patients who undergo surgical procedures experience acute postoperative pain, with less than half receiving adequate pain relief. Recent advancements in postoperative pain management include the market clearance by the US Food and Drug Administration for the utilisation of red low-level laser therapy in providing postoperative pain relief. The Food and Drug Administration market clearance was based on clinical data from randomised controlled trials that supported the safety and effectiveness of visible red laser therapy across various surgical procedures. This review of literature aims to evaluate the mechanisms of action, the dose-response curves and clinical outcomes of red low-level laser for postoperative pain management. A literature search was limited to randomised controlled trials that evaluated the use of red low-level laser therapy on postoperative pain. The results from the literature search found that seven studies met the search qualifications. The literature review findings demonstrated that red low-level laser therapy is a safe and effective treatment alternative for postoperative pain management. In addition to postoperative pain reduction, the findings of the literature revealed that red low-level laser therapy may promote healing and reduce the consumption of postoperative prescription analgesic drugs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cheshmi H, Mohammadi H, Akbari M, Nasiry D, Rezapour-Nasrabad R, Bagheri M, Abouhamzeh B, Poorhassan M, Mirhoseini M, Mokhtari H, Akbari E, Raoofi A. Human Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in Combination with Hyperbaric Oxygen Synergistically Promote Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Neurotox Res 2023; 41:431-445. [PMID: 37155125 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a critical medical condition during which sensorimotor function is lost. Current treatments are still unable to effectively improve these conditions, so it is important to pay attention to other effective approaches. Currently, we investigated the combined effects of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs)-derived exosomes along with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the recovery of SCI in rats. Ninety male mature Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were allocated into five equal groups, including; sham group, SCI group, Exo group (underwent SCI and received hPMSCs-derived exosomes), HBO group (underwent SCI and received HBO), and Exo+HBO group (underwent SCI and received hPMSCs-derived exosomes plus HBO). Tissue samples at the lesion site were obtained for the evaluation of stereological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, molecular, and behavioral characteristics. Findings showed a significant increase in stereological parameters, biochemical factors (GSH, SOD, and CAT), IL-10 gene expression and behavioral functions (BBB and EMG Latency) in treatment groups, especially Exo+HBO group, compared to SCI group. In addition, MDA levels, the density of apoptotic cells and gliosis, as well as expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-1β) were considerably reduced in treatment groups, especially Exo+HBO group, compared to SCI group. We conclude that co-administration of hPMSCs-derived exosomes and HBO has synergistic neuroprotective effects in animals undergoing SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hosna Cheshmi
- Department of Treatment, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Bioimaging, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Akbari
- Department of Eye, Amiralmomenin Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Davood Nasiry
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4615861468, Iran.
| | - Rafat Rezapour-Nasrabad
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 5865272565, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Bagheri
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Poorhassan
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Mirhoseini
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4615861468, Iran
| | - Hossein Mokhtari
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4615861468, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Akbari
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular research center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ghaemi A, Ghiasvand M, Omraninava M, Merza MY, Alkhafaji AT, Raoofi A, Nasiry D, Darvishi M, Akhavan-Sigari R. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and coenzyme Q10 synergistically attenuates damage progression in spinal cord injury in a rat model. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102322. [PMID: 37536632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying effective spinal cord injury (SCI) treatments remains a major challenge, and current approaches are still unable to effectively improve its. Currently, we investigated the combined effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) along with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the recovery of SCI in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety female mature Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into five equal groups, including; sham group, SCI group, HBO group (underwent SCI and received HBO), CoQ10 group (underwent SCI and received CoQ10), and HBO+CoQ10 group (underwent SCI and received HBO plus CoQ10). Tissue samples at the lesion site were obtained for evaluation of stereological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, molecular. Also, functional tests were performed to evaluate of behavioral properties. RESULTS We found that a significant increase in stereological parameters, biochemical factors (GSH, SOD and CAT), IL-10 gene expression and behavioral functions (BBB and EMG Latency) in the treatment groups, especially HBO+CoQ10 group, compared to SCI group. In addition, MDA levels, the density of apoptotic cells, as well as expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-1β) were considerably reduced in the treatment groups, especially HBO+CoQ10 group, compared to SCI group. CONCLUSION We conclude that co-administration of HBO and HBO+CoQ10 has a synergistic neuroprotective effects in animals undergoing SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghaemi
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghiasvand
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Melody Omraninava
- Health Reproductive Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammed Yousif Merza
- Clinical analysis Department, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 184003820, Iraq; College of Health Technology, Medical Biochemical Analysis Department, Cihan University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Davood Nasiry
- Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Suo Q, Deng L, Chen T, Wu S, Qi L, Liu Z, He T, Tian HL, Li W, Tang Y, Yang GY, Zhang Z. Optogenetic Activation of Astrocytes Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via IL-10 In Stroke. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1870-1886. [PMID: 37196130 PMCID: PMC10529757 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has been used to regulate astrocyte activity and modulate neuronal function after brain injury. Activated astrocytes regulate blood-brain barrier functions and are thereby involved in brain repair. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of optogenetic-activated astrocytes on the change in barrier function in ischemic stroke remain obscure. In this study, adult male GFAP-ChR2-EYFP transgenic Sprague-Dawley rats were stimulated by optogenetics at 24, 36, 48, and 60 h after photothrombotic stroke to activate ipsilateral cortical astrocytes. The effects of activated astrocytes on barrier integrity and the underlying mechanisms were explored using immunostaining, western blotting, RT-qPCR, and shRNA interference. Neurobehavioral tests were performed to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. The results demonstrated that IgG leakage, gap formation of tight junction proteins, and matrix metallopeptidase 2 expression were reduced after optogenetic activation of astrocytes (p<0.05). Moreover, photo-stimulation of astrocytes protected neurons against apoptosis and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in stroke rats compared to controls (p<0.05). Notably, interleukin-10 expression in optogenetic-activated astrocytes significantly increased after ischemic stroke in rats. Inhibition of interleukin-10 in astrocytes compromised the protective effects of optogenetic-activated astrocytes (p<0.05). We found for the first time that interleukin-10 derived from optogenetic-activated astrocytes protected blood-brain barrier integrity by decreasing the activity of matrix metallopeptidase 2 and attenuated neuronal apoptosis, which provided a novel therapeutic approach and target in the acute stage of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Suo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lidong Deng
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengju Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Qi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ze Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wanlu Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaohui Tang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ross BC, Kent RN, Saunders MN, Schwartz SR, Smiley BM, Hocevar SE, Chen SC, Xiao C, Williams LA, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ, Baker BM, Shea LD. Building-Block Size Mediates Microporous Annealed Particle Hydrogel Tube Microenvironment Following Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2302498. [PMID: 37768019 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering event, which often results in loss of sensory and motor function below the level of trauma. Biomaterial therapies have been widely investigated in SCI to promote directional regeneration but are often limited by their pre-constructed size and shape. Herein, the design parameters of microporous annealed particles (MAPs) are investigated with tubular geometries that conform to the injury and direct axons across the defect to support functional recovery. MAP tubes prepared from 20-, 40-, and 60-micron polyethylene glycol (PEG) beads are generated and implanted in a T9-10 murine hemisection model of SCI. Tubes attenuate glial and fibrotic scarring, increase innate immune cell density, and reduce inflammatory phenotypes in a bead size-dependent manner. Tubes composed of 60-micron beads increase the cell density of the chronic macrophage response, while neutrophil infiltration and phenotypes do not deviate from those seen in controls. At 8 weeks postinjury, implantation of tubes composed of 60-micron beads results in enhanced locomotor function, robust axonal ingrowth, and remyelination through both lumens and the inter-tube space. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the importance of bead size in MAP construction and highlight PEG tubes as a biomaterial therapy to promote regeneration and functional recovery in SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Ross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert N Kent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael N Saunders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Samantha R Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brooke M Smiley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Hocevar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shao-Chi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chengchuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laura A Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Biological Sciences III, 2642, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, 845 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, 18124 Culver Dr # F, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Biological Sciences III, 2642, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, 845 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, 18124 Culver Dr # F, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alshahrani SH, Almajidi YQ, Hasan EK, Musad Saleh EA, Alsaab HO, Pant R, Hassan ZF, Al-Hasnawi SS, Romero-Parra RM, Mustafa YF. Hyperbaric Oxygen in Combination with Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Synergistically Enhance Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 527:52-63. [PMID: 37499782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) following trauma is a devastating neurological event that can lead to loss of sensory and motor functions. However, the most effective measures to prevent the spread of damage are treatment measures in the early stages. Currently, we investigated the combined effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) along with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in the recovery of SCI in rats. Ninety male mature Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly planned into five equal groups (n = 18). In addition to sham group that only underwent laminectomy, SCI rats were allocated into 4 groups as follows: control group; HBO group; EGCG group; and HBO + EGCG group. Tissue samples at the lesion site were obtained for stereological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and molecular evaluation. In addition, behavioral tests were performed to assess of neurological functions. The finding indicated that the stereological parameters, antioxidant factors (CAT, GSH, and SOD), IL-10 gene expression levels and neurological functions were considerably increased in the treatment groups in comparison with control group, and these changes were more obvious in the HBO + EGCG group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, we observed that the density of apoptotic cells and gliosis, the biochemical levels of MDA and the expression levels of inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the treatment groups, especially the HBO + EGCG group, were considerably reduced in comparison with control group (P < 0.05). We conclude that co-administration of HBO and EGCG has a synergistic neuroprotective effects in animals undergoing SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasir Qasim Almajidi
- Baghdad College of Medical Sciences-department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics), Baghdad, Iraq.
| | | | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Arts and Science, Wadi Al-Dawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruby Pant
- Mechanical in Department, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a type of central nervous system trauma that can lead to severe nerve injury. Inflammatory reaction after injury is an important pathological process leading to secondary injury. Long-term stimulation of inflammation can further deteriorate the microenvironment of the injured site, leading to the deterioration of neural function. Understanding the signaling pathways that regulate responses after SCI, especially inflammatory responses, is critical for the development of new therapeutic targets and approaches. Nuclear transfer factor-κB (NF-κB) has long been recognized as a key factor in regulating inflammatory responses. The NF-κB pathway is closely related to the pathological process of SCI. Inhibition of this pathway can improve the inflammatory microenvironment and promote the recovery of neural function after SCI. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for SCI. This article reviews the mechanism of inflammatory response after SCI and the characteristics of NF-κB pathway, emphasizing the effect of inhibiting NF-κB on the inflammatory response of SCI to provide a theoretical basis for the biological treatment of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sousa CS, Lima R, Cibrão JR, Gomes ED, Fernandes LS, Pinho TS, Silva D, Campos J, Salgado AJ, Silva NA. Pre-Clinical Assessment of Roflumilast Therapy in a Thoracic Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051556. [PMID: 37242797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of axons to regenerate after a spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the greatest challenges in neuroscience. The initial mechanical trauma is followed by a secondary injury cascade, creating a hostile microenvironment, which not only is not permissive to regeneration but also leads to further damage. One of the most promising approaches for promoting axonal regeneration is to maintain the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), specifically by a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor expressed in neural tissues. Therefore, in our study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of an FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitor, Roflumilast (Rof), in a thoracic contusion rat model. Results indicate that the treatment was effective in promoting functional recovery. Rof-treated animals showed improvements in both gross and fine motor function. Eight weeks post-injury, the animals significantly recovered by achieving occasional weight-supported plantar steps. Histological assessment revealed a significant decrease in cavity size, less reactive microglia, as well as higher axonal regeneration in treated animals. Molecular analysis revealed that IL-10 and IL-13 levels, as well as VEGF, were increased in the serum of Rof-treated animals. Overall, Roflumilast promotes functional recovery and supports neuroregeneration in a severe thoracic contusion injury model and may be important in SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Garcia de Orta, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge R Cibrão
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo D Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luís S Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiffany S Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeng CW. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury: Current Progress and Future Prospects. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12050653. [PMID: 37237467 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a significant medical challenge, often resulting in permanent disability and severely impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. Traditional treatment options remain limited, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic approaches. In recent years, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for SCI treatment due to their multifaceted regenerative capabilities. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated tissue repair in SCI. Key mechanisms discussed include neuroprotection through the secretion of growth factors and cytokines, promotion of neuronal regeneration via MSC differentiation into neural cell types, angiogenesis through the release of pro-angiogenic factors, immunomodulation by modulating immune cell activity, axonal regeneration driven by neurotrophic factors, and glial scar reduction via modulation of extracellular matrix components. Additionally, the review examines the various clinical applications of MSCs in SCI treatment, such as direct cell transplantation into the injured spinal cord, tissue engineering using biomaterial scaffolds that support MSC survival and integration, and innovative cell-based therapies like MSC-derived exosomes, which possess regenerative and neuroprotective properties. As the field progresses, it is crucial to address the challenges associated with MSC-based therapies, including determining optimal sources, intervention timing, and delivery methods, as well as developing standardized protocols for MSC isolation, expansion, and characterization. Overcoming these challenges will facilitate the translation of preclinical findings into clinical practice, providing new hope and improved treatment options for individuals living with the devastating consequences of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Keyhanifard M, Helali H, Gholami M, Akbari M, Omraninava M, Mohammadi H. Quercetin in combination with hyperbaric oxygen therapy synergistically attenuates damage progression in traumatic spinal cord injury in a rat model. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 128:102231. [PMID: 36627061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis are the most important destructive factors in the spread of damage following trauma to the spinal cord. Therefore, presently, we investigated the synergistic effects of quercetin along with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic compounds in the recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-five male mature Sprague-Dawley rats allocated into 5 groups, including: Sham group (SG), TSCI group, Quercetin group (underwent TSCI and received quercetin), HBOT group (underwent TSCI and received HBOT), and Quercetin+ HBOT group (underwent TSCI and received quercetin plus HBOT). Finally, the spinal cord samples at the traumatic site were harvested and various characteristics were evaluated, including the total volumes of the spinal cord and its central cavity as well as the numerical density of neuron and glial cells by stereological method, oxidant (malondialdehyde; MDA) and antioxidant (glutathione; GSH, superoxide dismutase; SOD and catalase; CAT) factors by biochemical method, molecular levels of IL-10, TNF-α and IL-1β by qRT-PCR method, and cell apoptosis by immunohistochemistry method against Caspase-3 antibody. Furthermore, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) and electromyography latency (EMG Latency) tests were performed to evaluate neurological functions. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that the stereological characteristics, biochemical factors (except MDA), expression of IL-10 gene and behavioral functions were significantly better in Quercetin, HBOT and Quercetin+HBOT groups than TSCI group, and were greater in Quercetin+HBOT ones (P < 0.05). While MDA levels, expression of TNF-α and IL-1β genes as well as the density of apoptotic cells significantly more decreased in Quercetin+HBOT group compared to other treated groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, co-administration of quercetin with HBOT has synergistic neuroprotective effects in animals underwent TSCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Keyhanifard
- Iranian Board of Neurology, Kurdistan board of Neurology, Fellowship of Interventional Neuroradiology Zurich University, Switzerland
| | - Helia Helali
- School of medicine, shahid beheshti university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Gholami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Akbari
- Eye Research Center, Department of Eye, Amiralmomenin Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Melody Omraninava
- Infection Disease Specialist, Health Reproductive Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Bioimaging, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084101. [PMID: 36685598 PMCID: PMC9853461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and occurs in two phases. First, the mechanical damage from the trauma causes immediate acute cell dysfunction and cell death. Then, secondary mechanisms of injury further propagate the cell dysfunction and cell death over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation has been shown to be a key determinant of the secondary injury severity and significantly worsens cell death and functional outcomes. Thus, in addition to surgical management of SCI, selectively targeting the immune response following SCI could substantially decrease the progression of secondary injury and improve patient outcomes. In order to develop such therapies, a detailed molecular understanding of the timing of the immune response following SCI is necessary. Recently, several studies have mapped the cytokine/chemokine and cell proliferation patterns following SCI. In this review, we examine the immune response underlying the pathophysiology of SCI and assess both current and future therapies including pharmaceutical therapies, stem cell therapy, and the exciting potential of extracellular vesicle therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sterner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sterner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Rosalie M. Sterner,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gao X, You Z, Li Y, Kang X, Yang W, Wang H, Zhang T, Zhao X, Sun Y, Shen H, Dai J. Multifunctional hydrogel modulates the immune microenvironment to improve allogeneic spinal cord tissue survival for complete spinal cord injury repair. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:235-246. [PMID: 36384221 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of allogeneic adult spinal cord tissues (aSCTs) to replace the injured spinal cord, serves as a promising strategy in complete spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. However, in addition to allograft immune rejection, damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-mediated inflammatory microenvironments greatly impair the survival and function of transplants. In this study, we aimed to regulate the immune microenvironment after aSCT implantation by developing a functional hybrid gelatin and hyaluronic acid hydrogel (F-G/H) modified with cationic polymers and anti-inflammatory cytokines that can gelatinize at both ends of the aSCT to glue the grafts for perfect matching at defects. The F-G/H hydrogel exhibited the capacities of DAMP scavenging, sustainably released anti-inflammatory cytokines, and reduced lymphocyte accumulation, thereby modulating the immune response and enhancing the survival and function of aSCTs. When the hydrogel was used in combination with a systemic immunosuppressive drug treatment, the locomotor functions of SCI rats were significantly improved after aSCTs and F-G/H transplantation. This biomaterial-based immunomodulatory strategy may provide the potential for spinal cord graft replacement for treating SCI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we aimed to regulate the immune microenvironment by developing a functional hybrid gelatin and hyaluronic acid hydrogel (F-G/H) modified with cationic polymers and anti-inflammatory cytokines that can gelatinize at both ends of the aSCT to glue the grafts for perfect matching at defects. We found that with the treatment of F-G/H hydrogel, the aSCT survival and function was significantly improved, as a result of reducing recruitment and activation of immune cells through TLR- and ST-2- related signaling. With the combination of immunosuppressive drug treatment, the locomotor functions of SCI rats were significantly improved after aSCTs and F-G/H transplantation. Findings from this work suggest the potential application of the F-G/H as a biomaterial-based immunoregulatory strategy for improving the therapeutic efficiency of the transplanted spinal cord graft for spinal cord injury repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhifeng You
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yue Li
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Kang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Huiru Wang
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- i-Lab, Key Laboratory of Multifunction Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinhao Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yifu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P. R. China.
| | - He Shen
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface Research, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of NanoTech and NanoBionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China; School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li S, Dinh HTP, Matsuyama Y, Sato K, Yamagishi S. Molecular Mechanisms in the Vascular and Nervous Systems following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Life (Basel) 2022; 13. [PMID: 36675958 DOI: 10.3390/life13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) induces various complex pathological processes that cause physical impairment and psychological devastation. The two phases of SCI are primary mechanical damage (the immediate result of trauma) and secondary injury (which occurs over a period of minutes to weeks). After the mechanical impact, vascular disruption, inflammation, demyelination, neuronal cell death, and glial scar formation occur during the acute phase. This sequence of events impedes nerve regeneration. In the nervous system, various extracellular secretory factors such as neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and cytokines are involved in these events. In the vascular system, the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is damaged, allowing immune cells to infiltrate the parenchyma. Later, endogenous angiogenesis is promoted during the subacute phase. In this review, we describe the roles of secretory factors in the nervous and vascular systems following traumatic SCI, and discuss the outcomes of their therapeutic application in traumatic SCI.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu SP, Chen SY, Pang QM, Zhang M, Wu XC, Wan X, Wan WH, Ao J, Zhang T. Advances in the research of the role of macrophage/microglia polarization-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1014013. [PMID: 36532022 PMCID: PMC9751019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is often difficult to regain neurological function following spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuroinflammation is thought to be responsible for this failure. Regulating the inflammatory response post-SCI may contribute to the recovery of neurological function. Over the past few decades, studies have found that macrophages/microglia are one of the primary effector cells in the inflammatory response following SCI. Growing evidence has documented that macrophages/microglia are plastic cells that can polarize in response to microenvironmental signals into M1 and M2 macrophages/microglia. M1 produces pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce inflammation and worsen tissue damage, while M2 has anti-inflammatory activities in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Recent studies have indicated that the transition from the M1 to the M2 phenotype of macrophage/microglia supports the regression of inflammation and tissue repair. Here, we will review the role of the inflammatory response and macrophages/microglia in SCI and repair. In addition, we will discuss potential molecular mechanisms that induce macrophage/microglia polarization, with emphasis on neuroprotective therapies that modulate macrophage/microglia polarization, which will provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi-Ming Pang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiang-Chong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xue Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei-Hong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Ao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,The Clinical Stem Cell Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Tao Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stone TW, Clanchy FIL, Huang YS, Chiang NY, Darlington LG, Williams RO. An integrated cytokine and kynurenine network as the basis of neuroimmune communication. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002004. [PMID: 36507331 PMCID: PMC9729788 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both groups regulate neuron and glial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and leukocyte function in the immune system, although neither group alone completely explains neuroimmune function, disease occurrence or severity. This essay suggests that the two families perform complementary functions generating an integrated network. The kynurenine pathway determines overall neuronal excitability and plasticity by modulating glutamate receptors and GPR35 activity across the CNS, and regulates general features of immune cell status, surveillance and tolerance which often involves the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). Equally, cytokines and chemokines define and regulate specific populations of neurons, glia or immune system leukocytes, generating more specific responses within restricted CNS regions or leukocyte populations. In addition, as there is a much larger variety of these compounds, their homing properties enable the superimposition of dynamic variations of cell activity upon local, spatially limited, cell populations. This would in principle allow the targeting of potential treatments to restricted regions of the CNS. The proposed synergistic interface of 'tonic' kynurenine pathway affecting baseline activity and the superimposed 'phasic' cytokine system would constitute an integrated network explaining some features of neuroimmune communication. The concept would broaden the scope for the development of new treatments for disorders involving both the CNS and immune systems, with safer and more effective agents targeted to specific CNS regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Trevor W. Stone,
| | - Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nien-Yi Chiang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mirzaie J, Nasiry D, Ayna Ö, Raoofi A, Delbari A, Rustamzadeh A, Nezhadi A, Jamalpoor Z. Neuroprotective effects of lovastatin against traumatic spinal cord injury in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102148. [PMID: 36031087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lovastatin, as a drug of statins subgroup, has been conceptualized to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective ramification of lovastatin on spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-five female adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 15). In addition to non-treated (Control group) and laminectomy alone (Sham group), SCI animals were randomly assigned to non-treated spinal cord injury (SCI group), treated with 2 mg/kg of lovastatin (Lova 2 group), and treated with 5 mg/kg of lovastatin (Lova 5 group). At the end of the study, to evaluate the treatments, MDA, CAT, SOD, and GSH factors were evaluated biochemically, apoptosis and gliosis were assessed by immunohistochemical while measuring caspase-3 and GFAP antibodies, and inflammation was estimated by examining the expression of IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-1β genes. The stereological method was used to appraise the total volume of the spinal cord at the site of injury, the volume of the central cavity created, and the density of neurons and glial cells in the traumatic area. In addition, Basso-Beattie-Bresnehan (BBB) and narrow beam test (NBT) were utilized to rate neurological functions. RESULTS Our results exposed the fact that biochemical factors (except MDA), stereological parameters, and neurological functions were significantly ameliorated in both lovastatin-treated groups, especially in Lova 5 ones, compared to the SCI group. The expression of the IL-10 gene was significantly upregulated in both lovastatin-treated groups compared to the SCI group and was considerably heighten in Lova 5 group. Expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as the rate of apoptosis and GFAP positive cells significantly decreased in both lovastatin treated groups compared to the SCI group, and it was more pronounced in the Lova 5 ones. CONCLUSION Overall, using lovastatin, especially at a dose of 5 mg/kg, has a dramatic neuroprotective impact on SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mirzaie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Nasiry
- Amol Faculty of Paramedicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ömer Ayna
- Kiev Medical University, Dermatology Departments, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Amir Raoofi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Ali Delbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Auob Rustamzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu W, Ma Z, Kang J, Lin A, Wang Z, Chen H, Guo X, He X, Kang X, Ding W. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Neuroprotective Effect by Regulating Microglial M1/M2 Polarisation in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1-23. [PMID: 35966334 PMCID: PMC9371824 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2579003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling disorder for which few effective treatments are available. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. In our preliminary experiment, GSP promoted functional recovery in rats with SCI, but the mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we explored the protective effects of GSP on SCI and its possible underlying mechanisms. We found that GSP promoted locomotor recovery, reduced neuronal apoptosis, increased neuronal preservation, and regulated microglial polarisation in vivo. We also performed in vitro studies to verify the effects of GSP on neuronal protection and microglial polarisation and their potential mechanisms. We found that GSP regulated microglial polarisation and inhibited apoptosis in PC12 cells induced by M1-BV2 cells through the Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine threonine kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathways. This suggests that GSP regulates microglial polarisation and prevents neuronal apoptosis, possibly by the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
23
|
Gadot R, Smith DN, Prablek M, Grochmal JK, Fuentes A, Ropper AE. Established and Emerging Therapies in Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Neurospine 2022; 19:283-296. [PMID: 35793931 PMCID: PMC9260540 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2244176.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is devastating for patients and their caretakers and has an annual incidence of 20–50 per million people. Following initial assessment with appropriate physical examination and imaging, patients who are deemed surgical candidates should undergo decompression with stabilization. Earlier intervention can improve neurological recovery in the post-operative period while allowing earlier mobilization. Optimized medical management is paramount to improve outcomes. Emerging strategies for managing SCI in the acute period stem from an evolving understanding of the pathophysiology of the injury. General areas of focus include ischemia prevention, reduction of secondary injury due to inflammation, modulation of the cytotoxic and immune response, and promotion of cellular regeneration. In this article, we review established, emerging, and novel experimental therapies. Continued translational research on these methods will improve the feasibility of bench-to-bedside innovations in treating patients with acute SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Gadot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David N. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marc Prablek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joey K. Grochmal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alfonso Fuentes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander E. Ropper
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Corresponding Author Alexander E. Ropper Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge St. Suite 9A, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang Y, Guo J, Tang X, Wang X, Hao D, Yang H. The Immunological Roles of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881162. [PMID: 35669779 PMCID: PMC9163387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating type of neurological disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with high mortality and disability. The pathological processes of SCI can usually be described as two stages, namely, primary and acute secondary injuries. Secondary injury produces more significant exacerbations of the initial injury. Among all the mechanisms of secondary damage, infection and inflammatory responses, as the principle culprits in initiating the second phase of SCI, can greatly contribute to the severity of SCI and numerous sequelae after SCI. Therefore, effectively antagonizing pro-inflammatory responses may be a promising treatment strategy to facilitate functional recovery after SCI. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a unique type of glial cells, have increasingly become potential candidates for cell-based therapy in the injured CNS. Strikingly, there is growing evidence that the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory role of OECs are associated with the immune properties and secretory functions of these cells responsible for anti-neuroinflammation and immunoregulatory effects, leading to maintenance of the internal microenvironment. Accordingly, a more profound understanding of the mechanism of OEC immunological functions in the treatment of SCI would be beneficial to improve the therapeutic clinical applications of OECs for SCI. In this review, we mainly summarize recent research on the cellular and molecular immune attributes of OECs. The unique biological functions of these cells in promoting neural regeneration are discussed in relation of the development of novel therapies for CNS injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Jiang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangwen Tang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Basic Medical School Academy, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pang Y, Liu X, Wang X, Shi X, Ma L, Zhang Y, Zhou T, Zhao C, Zhang X, Fan B, Hao J, Li W, Zhao X, Zhang R, Zhou S, Kong X, Feng S, Yao X. Edaravone Modulates Neuronal GPX4/ACSL4/5-LOX to Promote Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849854. [PMID: 35903552 PMCID: PMC9318422 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA-approved drug edaravone has a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury (SCI) and many other central nervous system diseases. However, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Since edaravone is a lipid peroxidation scavenger, we hypothesize that edaravone exerts its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting ferroptosis in SCI. Edaravone treatment after SCI upregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and system Xc-light chain (xCT), which are anti-ferroptosis proteins. It downregulates pro-ferroptosis proteins Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). The most significant changes in edaravone treatment occur in the acute phase, two days post injury. Edaravone modulates neuronal GPX4/ACSL4/5-LOX in the spinal segment below the lesion, which is critical for maintaining locomotion. Moreover, the GPX4/ACSL4/5-LOX in motor neuron is also modulated by edaravone in the spinal cord. Therefore, secondary injury below the lesion site is reversed by edaravone via ferroptosis inhibition. The cytokine array revealed that edaravone upregulated some anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, IL-13, and adiponectin. Edaravone reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis, indicating reduced neuroinflammation. Edaravone has a long-term effect on neuronal survival, spinal cord tissue sparing, and motor function recovery. In summary, we revealed a novel mechanism of edaravone in inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis in SCI. This mechanism may be generalizable to other neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuelian Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiangang Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoyou Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, International Chinese Musculoskeletal Research Society Collaborating Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Yao,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Druszczyńska M, Godkowicz M, Kulesza J, Wawrocki S, Fol M. Cytokine Receptors-Regulators of Antimycobacterial Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1112. [PMID: 35163035 PMCID: PMC8835057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine receptors are critical regulators of the antimycobacterial immune response, playing a key role in initiating and coordinating the recruitment and activation of immune cells during infection. They recognize and bind specific cytokines and are involved in inducing intracellular signal transduction pathways that regulate a diverse range of biological functions, including proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and cell growth. Due to mutations in cytokine receptor genes, defective signaling may contribute to increased susceptibility to mycobacteria, allowing the pathogens to avoid killing and immune surveillance. This paper provides an overview of cytokine receptors important for the innate and adaptive immune responses against mycobacteria and discusses the implications of receptor gene defects for the course of mycobacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Druszczyńska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (S.W.); (M.F.)
| | - Magdalena Godkowicz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (S.W.); (M.F.)
- Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Kulesza
- Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Wawrocki
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (S.W.); (M.F.)
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, 7265 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marek Fol
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (S.W.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang Y, Li S, Chen H, Feng L, Yuan W, Han T. Butorphanol reduces the neuronal inflammatory response and apoptosis via inhibition of p38/JNK/ATF2/p53 signaling. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:229. [PMID: 35222706 PMCID: PMC8815053 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingsi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Hospital of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hainan Hospital of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Huaxin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Hospital of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Long Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Hospital of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Weixiu Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan Hospital of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hainan Hospital of The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rasouli HR, Talebi S, Ahmadpour F. Evaluation of Associated Genes with Traumatic Pain: A Systematic Review. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2022; 21:830-840. [PMID: 34872485 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211206121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The knowledge about the molecular pathway of traumatic pain relief is less documented. This systematic review study aimed to identify the genes and molecular pathways associated with various traumatic pains. METHODS The online databases such as EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Clinical Trials, Google Scholar, Wiley, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus were searched. Two review authors searched and screened all records' titles and abstracts, and the third expert reviewer author resolved their disagreement. The study's design, various trauma injuries, types of genes, and molecular pathways were recorded. The genes and molecular pathways data were obtained via GeneCards®: The Human Gene Database (https://www.genecards.org). RESULTS Studies on a variety of trauma injuries regarding nerve and Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs) (12 records), Hypertrophic scar with Severe Pain (one record), severe post-traumatic musculoskeletal pain (MSP) (one record), and orthopedic trauma (one record) were included. The main molecular pathways such as the immune system, apoptosis, and death receptor signaling, T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling pathway, oxidative stress, interleukin(s) mediated signaling pathway, biological oxidations, metabolic pathways (especially amino acid metabolism and amino group), focal adhesion, the proliferation of vascular, epithelial, and connective tissue cells, angiogenesis and neural development were identified. CONCLUSION The immune system, apoptosis, and metabolic pathways are crucial for understanding the roles of genes in traumatic pain. It is recommended that these identified pathways and related genes be considered therapeutical targets for pain management in patients with trauma injuries. In addition, different forms of trauma injuries require different pathways and related genes to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Rasouli
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Talebi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fathollah Ahmadpour
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hellenbrand DJ, Quinn CM, Piper ZJ, Morehouse CN, Fixel JA, Hanna AS. Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:284. [PMID: 34876174 PMCID: PMC8653609 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition that results in a loss of motor and sensory function. Although extensive research to develop treatments for SCI has been performed, to date, none of these treatments have produced a meaningful amount of functional recovery after injury. The primary injury is caused by the initial trauma to the spinal cord and results in ischemia, oxidative damage, edema, and glutamate excitotoxicity. This process initiates a secondary injury cascade, which starts just a few hours post-injury and may continue for more than 6 months, leading to additional cell death and spinal cord damage. Inflammation after SCI is complex and driven by a diverse set of cells and signaling molecules. In this review, we utilize an extensive literature survey to develop the timeline of local immune cell and cytokine behavior after SCI in rodent models. We discuss the precise functional roles of several key cytokines and their effects on a variety of cell types involved in the secondary injury cascade. Furthermore, variations in the inflammatory response between rats and mice are highlighted. Since current SCI treatment options do not successfully initiate functional recovery or axonal regeneration, identifying the specific mechanisms attributed to secondary injury is critical. With a more thorough understanding of the complex SCI pathophysiology, effective therapeutic targets with realistic timelines for intervention may be established to successfully attenuate secondary damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hellenbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Charles M Quinn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Zachariah J Piper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Carolyn N Morehouse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Jordyn A Fixel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Amgad S Hanna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shen H, Xu B, Yang C, Xue W, You Z, Wu X, Ma D, Shao D, Leong K, Dai J. A DAMP-scavenging, IL-10-releasing hydrogel promotes neural regeneration and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121279. [PMID: 34847433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) creates an inflammatory microenvironment characterized by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and immune cell activation that exacerbate secondary damage and impair neurological recovery. Here we develop an immunoregulatory hydrogel scaffold for treating SCI that scavenges DAMPs and slowly releases the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). We created this dual-functional scaffold by modifying a photocrosslinked gelatin hydrogel with the cationic, DAMP-binding polymer poly (amidoamine) and with IL-10, and compared the therapeutic activity of this scaffold with that of gelatin-only, gelatin + poly (amidoamine), and gelatin + IL-10 scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the dual-functional scaffold scavenged anionic DAMPs and exhibited sustained release of IL-10, reduced the proinflammatory responses of macrophages and microglia, and enhanced the neurogenic differentiation of neural stem cells. In a complete transection SCI mouse model, the injected dual-functional scaffold suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production, promoted the M2 macrophage/microglia phenotype, and led to neural regeneration and axon growth without scar formation to a greater extent than the single-function or control scaffolds. This DAMP-scavenging, IL-10-releasing scaffold provides a new strategy for promoting neural regeneration and motor function recovery following severe SCI.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wei G, Jiang D, Hu S, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Li W, Cai W, Liu D. Polydopamine-Decorated Microcomposites Promote Functional Recovery of an Injured Spinal Cord by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:47341-47353. [PMID: 34597036 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury usually aggravates spinal cord damage. Many inflammatory cytokines are key players in neuroinflammation. Owing largely to the multiplicity of cytokine targets and the complexity of cytokine interactions, it is insufficient to suppress spinal cord damage progression by regulating only one or a few cytokines. Herein, we propose a two-pronged strategy to simultaneously capture the released cytokines and inhibit the synthesis of new ones in a broad-spectrum manner. To achieve this strategy, we designed a core/shell-structured microcomposite, which was composed of a methylprednisolone-incorporated polymer inner core and a biocompatible polydopamine outer shell. Thanks to the inherent adhesive nature of polydopamine, the obtained microcomposite (MP-PLGA@PDA) efficiently neutralized the excessive cytokines in a broad-spectrum manner within 1 day after spinal cord injury. Meanwhile, the controlled release of immunosuppressive methylprednisolone reduced the secretion of new inflammatory cytokines. Benefiting from its efficient and broad-spectrum capability in reducing the level of cytokines, this core/shell-structured microcomposite suppressed the recruitment of macrophages and protected the injured spinal cord, leading to an improved recovery of motor function. Overall, the designed microcomposite successfully achieved the two-pronged strategy in cytokine neutralization, providing an alternative approach to inhibit neuroinflammation in the injured spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Weihua Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao X, Zhao X, Wang Z. Synergistic neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen and N-acetylcysteine against traumatic spinal cord injury in rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102037. [PMID: 34601074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial dysfunction and following oxidative stress, as well as the spread of inflammation plays major roles in the failure to regenerate following severe spinal cord injury (SCI). In this regard, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), as an anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory agent, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as a mitochondrial enhancer, in SCI. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-five female adult Wistar rats divided into five groups (n = 15): laminectomy alone (Sham) group, SCI group, HBO group (underwent SCI and received HBO), NAC group (underwent SCI and received NAC), and HBO+NAC group (underwent SCI and simultaneously received NAC and HBO). At the end of study, spinal cord tissue samples were taken for evaluation of biochemical profiles including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 as well as gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β. Stereological assessments were performed to determine the total volumes, central cavity volumes and as well as numerical density of the neural and glial cells in traumatic area. Moreover, neurological functions were evaluated by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnehan (BBB) and electromyography (EMG). RESULTS Our results showed that the stereological parameters, biochemical profiles (except MDA) and neurological function were significantly higher in each HBO, NAC and HBO+NAC groups compared to the SCI group, and were highest in HBO+NAC ones. The transcript for IL-10 gene was significantly upregulated in all treatment regimens compared to SCI group, and was highest in HBO+NAC ones. While expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, latency, as well as density of apoptosis cells in caspase-3 evaluation significantly more decreased in HBO+NAC group compared to other groups. CONCLUSION Overall, using combined therapy with HBO and NAC has synergistic neuroprotective effects in SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xilinguole Meng Mongolian General Hospital, Xilinguole 026000, China
| | - Zengguang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lao WL, Song QL, Jiang ZM, Chen WD, Zheng XH, Chen ZH. The Effect of Oxycodone on Post-operative Pain and Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastrectomy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:700025. [PMID: 34540861 PMCID: PMC8440846 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.700025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the effect of oxycodone on post-operative pain and inflammation in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy. Methods: Sixty patients who were of both sexes, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) Class I or II, over 65 years of age and undergoing an elective laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups: an oxycodone group (Group O) including 20 males and 10 females and a sufentanil group (Group S) including 21 males and 9 females. The post-operative analgesia regimen was as follows: 40 mg of parecoxib sodium and 0.1 mg/kg of oxycodone was intravenously injected into Group O before the abdomen closure, while 40 mg of parecoxib sodium and 0.1 μg/kg of sufentanil was injected intravenously into Group S. Both groups were infiltrated with 20 ml of 1% ropivacaine at the end of the operation. The level of serum IL-6 and IL-10 were assayed immediately at the following timepoints: at the conclusion of surgery (T1), 1 h (T2), 6 h (T3), and 24 h (T4) after the completion of the surgery. The numerical rating scale (NRS), the Ramsay sedation score, analgesic-related adverse events, post-operative pulmonary inflammation events and the post-operative stay were recorded. Results: Compared with Group S, the serum IL-6 concentrations of Group O decreased at T3 and T4, while the serum IL-10 concentrations increased (P < 0.05). In Group O, the serum IL-6 concentrations at T3 and T4 were lower than those at T1 (P < 0.05). The incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pulmonary inflammation in Group O was lower than that in Group S (P < 0.05). At each time point, the NRS of visceral pain in Group O was lower than that in Group S. At 6 and 24 h after extubation, the NRS of incision pain in Group O was lower than that in Group S (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Oxycodone can regulate the level of inflammatory cytokines and reduce post-operative inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Lao
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Qi-Liang Song
- Department of Anesthesia, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zong-Ming Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wen-di Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xian-He Zheng
- Department of Anesthesia, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Shaoxing University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, China.,Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gao X, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Ding R, Chen J. The Role and Function of Regulatory T Cells in Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8782672. [PMID: 34458378 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8782672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) during the pregnant period and its potentially miserable outcomes for the fetus, newborn, and even adult offspring continuously occur worldwide. People acquire infection through the consumption of infected and undercooked meat or contaminated food or water. T. gondii infection in pregnant women primarily during the gestation causes microcephaly, mental and psychomotor retardation, or death. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes are mainly associated with regulatory T cell (Treg) dysfunction. Tregs, a special subpopulation of T cells, function as a vital regulator in maintaining immune homeostasis. Tregs exert a critical effect on forming and maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance and promoting fetal development during the pregnancy period. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), a significant functional factor of Tregs, determines the status of Tregs. In this review, we summarize the effects of T. gondii infection on host Tregs and its critical transcriptional factor, Foxp3.
Collapse
|
35
|
Luo J, Shi X, Li L, Tan Z, Feng F, Li J, Pang M, Wang X, He L. An injectable and self-healing hydrogel with controlled release of curcumin to repair spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4816-29. [PMID: 34136725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The harsh local micro-environment following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a great challenge for neural regeneration. Local reconstitution of a favorable micro-environment by biocompatible scaffolds with desirable functions has thus been an area of concern. Herein, a hybrid hydrogel was developed using Fmoc-grafted chitosan (FC) and Fmoc peptide (FI). Dynamic reversible π-π stacking interactions of the fluorenyl rings enabled the FC/FI hybrid hydrogel to exhibit excellent injectable and self-healing properties, as characterized by visual appearances and rheological tests. Furthermore, the FC/FI hybrid hydrogel showed a slow and persistent release of curcumin (Cur), which was named as FC/FI-Cur hydrogel. In vitro studies confirmed that with the support of FC/FI-Cur hydrogel, neurite outgrowth was promoted, and Schwann cell (SC) migration away from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) spheres with enhanced myelination was substantiated. The FC/FI-Cur hydrogel well reassembled extracellular matrix at the lesion site of rat spinal cord and exerted outstanding effects in modulating local inflammatory reaction by regulating the phenotypes of infiltrated inflammatory cells. In addition, endogenous SCs were recruited in the FC/FI-Cur graft and participated in the remyelination process of the regenerated nerves. These outcomes favored functional recovery, as evidenced by improved hind limbs movement and enhanced electrophysiological properties. Thus, our study not only advanced the development of multifunctional hydrogels but also provided insights into comprehensive approaches for SCI repair. FC/FI hydrogel exhibited excellent injectable, self-healing properties, and performed well in releasing curcumin (Cur). FC/FI-Cur hydrogel promoted neurite outgrowth and myelination in vitro. FC/FI-Cur modulated local inflammatory reaction and recruited Schwann cells to repair spinal cord injury.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vargova I, Machova Urdzikova L, Karova K, Smejkalova B, Sursal T, Cimermanova V, Turnovcova K, Gandhi CD, Jhanwar-Uniyal M, Jendelova P. Involvement of mTOR Pathways in Recovery from Spinal Cord Injury by Modulation of Autophagy and Immune Response. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060593. [PMID: 34073791 PMCID: PMC8225190 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is untreatable and remains the leading cause of disability. Neuroprotection and recovery after SCI can be partially achieved by rapamycin (RAPA) treatment, an inhibitor of mTORC1, complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. However, mechanisms regulated by the mTOR pathway are not only controlled by mTORC1, but also by a second mTOR complex (mTORC2). Second-generation inhibitor, pp242, inhibits both mTORC1 and mtORC2, which led us to explore its therapeutic potential after SCI and compare it to RAPA treatment. In a rat balloon-compression model of SCI, the effect of daily RAPA (5 mg/kg; IP) and pp242 (5 mg/kg; IP) treatment on inflammatory responses and autophagy was observed. We demonstrated inhibition of the mTOR pathway after SCI through analysis of p-S6, p-Akt, and p-4E-BP1 levels. Several proinflammatory cytokines were elevated in pp242-treated rats, while RAPA treatment led to a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines. Both RAPA and pp242 treatments caused an upregulation of LC3B and led to improved functional and structural recovery in acute SCI compared to the controls, however, a greater axonal sprouting was seen following RAPA treatment. These results suggest that dual mTOR inhibition by pp242 after SCI induces distinct mechanisms and leads to recovery somewhat inferior to that following RAPA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Vargova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Machova Urdzikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Kristyna Karova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbora Smejkalova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tolga Sursal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Veronika Cimermanova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Turnovcova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Chirag D. Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; (T.S.); (C.D.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.J.-U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +420-2-4106-2828 (P.J.)
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska, 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (I.V.); (L.M.U.); (K.K.); (B.S.); (V.C.); (K.T.)
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.J.-U.); (P.J.); Tel.: +420-2-4106-2828 (P.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Q, Li B, Tao B, Zhao C, Fan B, Wang Q, Sun C, Duan H, Pang Y, Fu X, Feng S. Identification of four genes and biological characteristics associated with acute spinal cord injury in rats integrated bioinformatics analysis. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:570. [PMID: 33987268 PMCID: PMC8105796 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition that can cause physical disability and sensory dysfunction. Cytokines play an extremely important role in the acute phase of SCI. Clarifying the cytokine expression profile is of great importance. METHODS Cytokine array analysis was used to explore the changes in 67 different proteins at 0 hours, 2 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after acute SCI in rats. The differentially expressed cytokines in the various periods were analyzed and compared. The biological processes related to the differentially expressed proteins were examined using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. RESULTS Immediately after SCI (0 hours), only ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) was slightly up-regulated, while 23 other proteins were down-regulated. At 2 hours after SCI, there were 3 upregulated and 21 downregulated proteins. At 1 day after SCI, there were 5 upregulated and 6 downregulated proteins. At 3 days after SCI, there were 6 upregulated and 4 downregulated proteins. At 7 days after SCI, there were 4 upregulated and 9 downregulated proteins. Erythropoietin (EPO) and Fms related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L) were downregulated at all time points. CD48 was decreased at 2 hours to 7 days after SCI. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was the only protein that was upregulated at 2 hours to 7 days. The GO and pathway analyses revealed that the cytokine-related pathways, cell death, and proliferation might play a key role during secondary SCI. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 3 downregulated proteins during SCI, that being EPO, Flt-3L, and CD48. MCP-1 was the only upregulated protein, and its expression was upregulated till day 7 following SCI. These 4 identified genes may be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoyou Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiquan Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanhao Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chio JCT, Xu KJ, Popovich P, David S, Fehlings MG. Neuroimmunological therapies for treating spinal cord injury: Evidence and future perspectives. Exp Neurol 2021; 341:113704. [PMID: 33745920 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a complex pathophysiology. Following the initial physical trauma to the spinal cord, which may cause vascular disruption, hemorrhage, mechanical injury to neural structures and necrosis, a series of biomolecular cascades is triggered to evoke secondary injury. Neuroinflammation plays a major role in the secondary injury after traumatic SCI. To date, the administration of systemic immunosuppressive medications, in particular methylprednisolone sodium succinate, has been the primary pharmacological treatment. This medication is given as a complement to surgical decompression of the spinal cord and maintenance of spinal cord perfusion through hemodynamic augmentation. However, the impact of neuroinflammation is complex with harmful and beneficial effects. The use of systemic immunosuppressants is further complicated by the natural onset of post-injury immunosuppression, which many patients with SCI develop. It has been hypothesized that immunomodulation to attenuate detrimental aspects of neuroinflammation after SCI, while avoiding systemic immunosuppression, may be a superior approach. To accomplish this, a detailed understanding of neuroinflammation and the systemic immune responses after SCI is required. Our review will strive to achieve this goal by first giving an overview of SCI from a clinical and basic science context. The role that neuroinflammation plays in the pathophysiology of SCI will be discussed. Next, the positive and negative attributes of the innate and adaptive immune systems in neuroinflammation after SCI will be described. With this background established, the currently existing immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies for treating SCI will be explored. We will conclude with a summary of topics that can be explored by neuroimmunology research. These concepts will be complemented by points to be considered by neuroscientists developing therapies for SCI and other injuries to the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Chon Teng Chio
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Katherine Jiaxi Xu
- Human Biology Program, University of Toronto, Wetmore Hall, 300 Huron St., Room 105, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3J6, Canada.
| | - Phillip Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Neurological Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, 410 W. 10(th) Ave., Columbus 43210, USA.
| | - Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and BRaIN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
An N, Yang J, Wang H, Sun S, Wu H, Li L, Li M. Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury repair through macrophage polarization. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:41. [PMID: 33622388 PMCID: PMC7903655 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major problem in clinical medicine. Modern medicine has achieved minimal progress in improving the functions of injured nerves in patients with SCI, mainly due to the complex pathophysiological changes that present after injury. Inflammatory reactions occurring after SCI are related to various functions of immune cells over time at different injury sites. Macrophages are important mediators of inflammatory reactions and are divided into two different subtypes (M1 and M2), which play important roles at different times after SCI. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are characterized by multi-differentiation and immunoregulatory potentials, and different treatments can have different effects on macrophage polarization. MSC transplantation has become a promising method for eliminating nerve injury caused by SCI and can help repair injured nerve tissues. Therapeutic effects are related to the induced formation of specific immune microenvironments, caused by influencing macrophage polarization, controlling the consequences of secondary injury after SCI, and assisting with function recovery. Herein, we review the mechanisms whereby MSCs affect macrophage-induced specific immune microenvironments, and discuss potential avenues of investigation for improving SCI treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan An
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hequn Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shengfeng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen J, Chen YQ, Shi YJ, Ding SQ, Shen L, Wang R, Wang QY, Zha C, Ding H, Hu JG, Lü HZ. VX-765 reduces neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1836-1847. [PMID: 33510091 PMCID: PMC8328782 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a major cause of neuronal injury after spinal cord injury. We hypothesized that inhibiting caspase-1 activation may reduce neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury, thus producing a protective effect in the injured spinal cord. A mouse model of T9 contusive spinal cord injury was established using an Infinite Horizon Impactor, and VX-765, a selective inhibitor of caspase-1, was administered for 7 successive days after spinal cord injury. The results showed that: (1) VX-765 inhibited spinal cord injury-induced caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 secretion. (2) After spinal cord injury, an increase in M1 cells mainly came from local microglia rather than infiltrating macrophages. (3) Pro-inflammatory Th1Th17 cells were predominant in the Th subsets. VX-765 suppressed total macrophage infiltration, M1 macrophages/microglia, Th1 and Th1Th17 subset differentiation, and cytotoxic T cells activation; increased M2 microglia; and promoted Th2 and Treg differentiation. (4) VX-765 reduced the fibrotic area, promoted white matter myelination, alleviated motor neuron injury, and improved functional recovery. These findings suggest that VX-765 can reduce neuroinflammation and improve nerve function recovery after spinal cord injury by inhibiting caspase-1/interleukin-1β/interleukin-18. This may be a potential strategy for treating spinal cord injury. This study was approved by the Animal Care Ethics Committee of Bengbu Medical College (approval No. 2017-037) on February 23, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Shi
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shu-Qin Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi-Yi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Cheng Zha
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hai Ding
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hu
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College; Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen JY, Fu EJ, Patel PR, Hostetler AJ, Sawan HA, Moss KA, Hocevar SE, Anderson AJ, Chestek CA, Shea LD. Lentiviral Interleukin-10 Gene Therapy Preserves Fine Motor Circuitry and Function After a Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Male and Female Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:503-514. [PMID: 33051853 PMCID: PMC8116384 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, spinal cord injuries often result in muscle paralysis through the apoptosis of lower motor neurons and denervation of neuromuscular junctions. Previous research shows that the inflammatory response to a spinal cord injury can cause additional tissue damage after the initial trauma. To modulate this inflammatory response, we delivered lentiviral anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, via loading onto an implantable biomaterial scaffold, into a left-sided hemisection at the C5 vertebra in mice. We hypothesized that improved behavioral outcomes associated with anti-inflammatory treatment are due to the sparing of fine motor circuit components. We examined behavioral recovery using a ladder beam, tissue sparing using histology, and electromyogram recordings using intraspinal optogenetic stimulation at 2 weeks post-injury. Ladder beam analysis shows interleukin-10 treatment results in significant improvement of behavioral recovery at 2 and 12 weeks post-injury when compared to mice treated with a control virus. Histology shows interleukin-10 results in greater numbers of lower motor neurons, axons, and muscle innervation at 2 weeks post-injury. Furthermore, electromyogram recordings suggest that interleukin-10-treated animals have signal-to-noise ratios and peak-to-peak amplitudes more similar to that of uninjured controls than to that of control injured animals at 2 weeks post-injury. These data show that gene therapy using anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 can significantly reduce tissue damage and subsequent motor deficits after a spinal cord injury. Together, these results suggest that early modulation of the injury response can preserve muscle function with long-lasting benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emily J Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paras R Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexander J Hostetler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hasan A Sawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kayla A Moss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Hocevar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Robotics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, 1119 Carl A Gerstacker Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li J, Huang L, Yu LT, Tao G, Wang ZY, Hao WZ, Huang JQ. Feruloylated Oligosaccharides Alleviate Central Nervous Inflammation in Mice Following Spinal Cord Contusion. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:15490-15500. [PMID: 33170671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the empirical models of the chronic central inflammatory response, a spinal cord injury (SCI) deteriorates the neuronal survival and results in irreversible motor and sensory dysfunction below the injury area. Our previous studies have reported that maize bran feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) exert significant anti-inflammatory activities both in diabetes and colitis. However, no direct evidence of FOs alleviating central nervous inflammation was stated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of FOs on SCI and its potential mechanism. Our results indicated that 4 weeks of FO administration effectively mitigated the inflammatory response via decreasing the number of microglia (labelled with Iba1), result in the expression of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α downregulating, but the level of IL-10 and BDNF increases in the injured spinal cord. Moreover, FOs enhanced neuronal survival, ameliorated the scar cavities, and improved behaviors, including Basso mouse scale (BMS) scores and the gait of mice after SCI. Together, these results demonstrated that administration of FOs showed superior functional recovery effects in a SCI model. Also, FOs may modulate inflammatory activities by regulating the expression of proinflammatory factors, decreasing the production of inflammatory cells, and promoting functional recovery through the MAPK pathway following SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ling-Tai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Gabriel Tao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston 77204, United States
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Hao
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jun-Qing Huang
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bellák T, Fekécs Z, Török D, Táncos Z, Nemes C, Tézsla Z, Gál L, Polgári S, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A, Nógrádi A, Pajer K. Grafted human induced pluripotent stem cells improve the outcome of spinal cord injury: modulation of the lesion microenvironment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22414. [PMID: 33376249 PMCID: PMC7772333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in irreversible tissue damage followed by a very limited recovery of function. In this study we investigated whether transplantation of undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into the injured rat spinal cord is able to induce morphological and functional improvement. hiPSCs were grafted intraspinally or intravenously one week after a thoracic (T11) spinal cord contusion injury performed in Fischer 344 rats. Grafted animals showed significantly better functional recovery than the control rats which received only contusion injury. Morphologically, the contusion cavity was significantly smaller, and the amount of spared tissue was significantly greater in grafted animals than in controls. Retrograde tracing studies showed a statistically significant increase in the number of FB-labeled neurons in different segments of the spinal cord, the brainstem and the sensorimotor cortex. The extent of functional improvement was inversely related to the amount of chondroitin-sulphate around the cavity and the astrocytic and microglial reactions in the injured segment. The grafts produced GDNF, IL-10 and MIP1-alpha for at least one week. These data suggest that grafted undifferentiated hiPSCs are able to induce morphological and functional recovery after spinal cord contusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Bellák
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., 6724, Szeged, Hungary.,BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekécs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., 6724, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dénes Török
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., 6724, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Csilla Nemes
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,Department of Diagnostic Laboratory, State Health Centre, Military Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Tézsla
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., 6724, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Gál
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., 6724, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary.,HCEMM-USZ StemCell Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Research Institute of Translational Biomedicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., 6724, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Krisztián Pajer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Kossuth Lajos sgt. 40., 6724, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chou AK, Chiu CC, Liu CC, Wang JJ, Chen YW, Hung CH. Pulsed Ultrasound Remedies Post-thoracotomy Hypersensitivity and Increases Spinal Anti-inflammatory Cytokine in Rats. Ultrasound Med Biol 2020; 46:3296-3304. [PMID: 32891426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of pulsed ultrasound (PUS) on post-thoracotomy pain and local tissue temperature and to correlate the findings with the alteration in spinal anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanical sensitivity, subcutaneous temperature and spinal interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression were examined in a rat model of experimental post-thoracotomy pain. Group 1 received a sham surgery where thoracotomy was performed except for rib retraction. Group 2 underwent thoracotomy with rib retraction (TRR). Group 3 received the TRR procedure followed by PUS. Group 4 underwent the TRR procedure followed by only the massage with the ultrasound turned off. Compared with group 1 (sham), groups 2-4 showed a decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds on postoperative days (PODs) 10 and 11. On PODs 16, 23 and 30, group 3 (TRR+PUS-1) displayed an increase in mechanical withdrawal thresholds compared with groups 2 and 4. Subcutaneous and body temperatures in group 3 were not prominently different from group 1, group 2 (TRR only) or group 4 (TRR+PUS-0). Compared with group 2, group 3 had an increase in spinal IL-10 level on POD 30 and a decrease in spinal IL-6 or TNF-α expression on PODs 16 and 30. We concluded that mechanical hypersensitivity after TRR is postponed by PUS, and its effect continues for 3 wk. A PUS dose not increase local tissue temperature. The beneficial effect of PUS appears related to upregulation of spinal anti-inflammatory cytokine and downregulation of spinal pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Kuo Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chi Chiu
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Liu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Allied AI Biomed Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Afshari K, Momeni Roudsari N, Lashgari NA, Haddadi NS, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hassan Nejad M, Shafaroodi H, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR, Abdolghaffari AH. Antibiotics with therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury: a review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:277-304. [PMID: 33464681 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that a considerable number of antibiotics exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in different central and peripheral nervous system diseases including spinal cord injury (SCI). Both clinical and preclinical studies on SCI have found therapeutic effects of antibiotics from different families on SCI. These include macrolides, minocycline, β-lactams, and dapsone, all of which have been found to improve SCI sequels and complications. These antibiotics may target similar signaling pathways such as reducing inflammatory microglial activity, promoting autophagy, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, and modulating the SCI-related mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review paper, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of these antibiotics on SCI, which not only could supply vital information for investigators but also guide clinicians to consider administering these antibiotics as part of a multimodal therapeutic approach for management of SCI and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Afshari
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran
| | - Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hassan Nejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99, Yakhchal, Gholhak, Shariati St., Tehran, P. O. Box: 19419-33111, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, 31375-1369, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li L, Xu Y, Zhao M, Gao Z. Neuro-protective roles of long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in Alzheimer's disease with the involvement of the microRNA-30b/CNR1 network and the following PI3K/AKT activation. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 117:104545. [PMID: 32976819 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly found to fulfill key functions in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to probe the function of lncRNA MALAT1 in neuronal recovery in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ25-35 was used to induce AD in a rat model and neuronal injury in PC12 and C6 cells. Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs/microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD rats were screened out by microarray analyses. Altered expression of MALAT1, miR-30b and CNR1 was performed to explore their roles in neuronal recovery in rat and cell models. Consequently, LncRNA MALAT1 and CNR1 were poorly expressed while miR-30b was highly expressed in Aβ25-35-induced rat models and cells. Overexpression of MALAT1 or CNR1 reduced neuronal injury in rat hippocampus. It increased viability and decreased apoptosis in injured PC12 and C6 cells, and decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 and TNF-α but increased IL-10 production. However, overexpression of miR-30b reversed these trends. MALAT1 could served as a sponge for mR-30b to up-regulate CNR1 expression. The phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT was stimulated when MALAT1 or CNR1 was overexpressed. To sum up, we found MALAT1 could promote neuronal recovery following AD through the miR-30b/CNR1 network and the PI3K/AKT signaling activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuelong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong, PR China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi 276400, Shandong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yu Z, Sun X, Xia R, Chen Q, Wu Q, Zheng W. Modulation of inflammatory factors predicts the outcome following spinal cord injury. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:199. [PMID: 32487194 PMCID: PMC7268366 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between inflammatory responses caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) and the prognosis of patients with SCI still remains controversial. METHODS In the present study, we preliminary investigated the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and compared the serum IL-4 and IL-10 expression in rats of high Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores with these of low BBB scores. Besides, the infiltration of macrophage and the axonal regeneration of the injured spinal cord were observed from day 10 to day 30. RESULTS We found that higher serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 can reflect the restorability degree of SCI and could be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of SCI. The infiltration of the M2 subtype of macrophage and the axons regrowth might contribute to a better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates that the serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 are preliminarily adopted as serologic markers to forecast SCI, and high serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 may indicate a better prognosis. Moreover, the way to promote macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 may contribute to better axonal regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Yu
- Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwei Sun
- Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ma Z, Lu Y, Yang F, Li S, He X, Gao Y, Zhang G, Ren E, Wang Y, Kang X. Rosmarinic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 397:115014. [PMID: 32320792 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system injury for which few efficacious drugs are available. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a water-soluble polyphenolic phytochemical, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the effect of RA on SCI is unclear. We investigated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of RA on SCI. Using a rat model of SCI, we showed that RA improved locomotor recovery after SCI and significantly mitigated neurological deficit, increased neuronal preservation, and reduced apoptosis. Also, RA inhibited activation of microglia and the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and MDA. Moreover, proteomics analyses identified the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways as targets of RA. Pretreatment with RA increased levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and reduced those of TLR4 and MyD88 as well as phosphorylation of IκB and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65. Using H2O2- and LPS-induced PC12 cells, we found that RA ameliorated the H2O2-induced decrease in viability and increase in apoptosis and oxidative injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Also, LPS-induced cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis and inflammatory injury in PC-12 cells were mitigated by RA by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 weakened the effect of RA on oxidant stress, inflammation and apoptosis in SCI rats, and significantly increased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect on SCI of RA may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Moreover, RA activated Nrf2/HO-1, which amplified its inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Fengguang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Xuegang He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yicheng Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Enhui Ren
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Xuewen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China; The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hong JY, Seo Y, Davaa G, Kim HW, Kim SH, Hyun JK. Decellularized brain matrix enhances macrophage polarization and functional improvements in rat spinal cord injury. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:357-71. [PMID: 31711898 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating lesion lacking effective treatment options currently available in clinics. The inflammatory process exacerbates the extent of the lesion through a secondary injury mechanism, where proinflammatory classically activated macrophages (M1) are prevalent at the lesion site. However, the polarized alternatively activated anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) are known to play an important role in wound healing and regeneration following SCI. Herein, we introduce porcine brain decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) to modulate the macrophages in the injured spinal cord. The hydrogels with collagen and dECM at various dECM concentrations (1, 5, and 8 mg/ml) were used to cultivate primary macrophages and neurons. The dECM hydrogels were shown to promote the polarization of macrophages toward M2 phase and the neurite outgrowth of cortical and hippocampal neurons. When the dECM hydrogels were applied to rat SCI models, the proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages in the injured spinal cord was substantially altered. When received dECM concetration of 5 mg/ml, the expression of molecules associated with M2 (CD206, arginase1, and IL-10) was significantly increased. Consistently, the population of total macrophages and cavity area were substantially reduced in the dECM-treated groups. As a result, the locomotor functions of injured spinal cord, as assessed by BBB and ladder scoring, were significantly improved. Collectively, the porcine brain dECM with optimal concentration promotes functional recovery in SCI models through the activation of M2 macrophages, suggesting the promising use of the engineered hydrogels in the treatment of acute SCI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating lesion, lacking effective treatment options currently available in clinics. Here we delineated that the treatment of injured spinal cord with porcine brain decellularized matrix-based hydrogels for the first time, and could modulate the macrophage polarization and the ultimate functional recovery. When appropriate formulations were applied to a contused spinal cord model in rats, the decellularized matrix hydrogels shifted the macrophages to polarize to pro-regenerative M2 phenotype, decreased the size of lesion cavity, and finally promoted the locomotor functions until 8 weeks following the injury. We consider this work can significantly augment the matrix(biomaterial)-based therapeutic options, as an alternative to drug or cell-free approaches, for the treatment of acute injury of spinal cord.
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu AM, Chen BL, Yu LT, Liu T, Shi LL, Yu PP, Qu YB, So KF, Zhou LB. Human adipose tissue- and umbilical cord-derived stem cells: which is a better alternative to treat spinal cord injury? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2306-2317. [PMID: 32594054 PMCID: PMC7749492 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple types of stem cells have been proposed for the treatment of spinal cord injury, but their comparative information remains elusive. In this study, a rat model of T10 contusion spinal cord injury was established by the impactor method. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) or human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) (2.5 μL/injection site, 1 × 105 cells/μL) was injected on rostral and caudal of the injury segment on the ninth day after injury. Rats injected with mesenchymal stem cell culture medium were used as controls. Our results show that although transplanted UCMSCs and ADMSCs failed to differentiate into neurons or glial cells in vivo, both significantly improved motor and sensory function. After spinal cord injury, UCMSCs and ADMSCs similarly promoted spinal neuron survival and axonal regeneration, decreased glial scar and lesion cavity formation, and reduced numbers of active macrophages. Bio-Plex analysis of spinal samples showed a specific increase of interleukin-10 and decrease of tumor necrosis factor α in the ADMSC group, as well as a downregulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 3α in both UCMSC and ADMSC groups at 3 days after cell transplantation. Upregulation of interleukin-10 and interleukin-13 was observed in both UCMSC and ADMSC groups at 7 days after cell transplantation. Isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics analyses showed that UCMSCs and ADMSCs induced changes of multiple genes related to axonal regeneration, neurotrophy, and cell apoptosis in common and specific manners. In conclusion, UCMSC and ADMSC transplants yielded quite similar contributions to motor and sensory recovery after spinal cord injury via anti-inflammation and improved axonal growth. However, there were some differences in cytokine and gene expression induced by these two types of transplanted cells. Animal experiments were approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee at Jinan University (approval No. 20180228026) on February 28, 2018, and the application of human stem cells was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Medical College of Jinan University of China (approval No. 2016041303) on April 13, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Mei Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo-Li Chen
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Tai Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ling Shi
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Yu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Bo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Bing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|