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McPherson JI, Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah V, Kaliyappan K, Leddy JJ, Personius KE. Temporal expression of brainstem neurotrophic proteins following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2024; 1835:148908. [PMID: 38582416 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BDNF, a neurotrophic factor, and its receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The brainstem houses many vital functions, that are also associated with signs and symptoms of mTBI, but has been understudied in mTBI animal models. We determined the extent to which neurotrophic protein and associated receptor expression is affected within the brainstem of adult rats following mTBI. Their behavioral function was assessed and temporal expression of the 'negative' regulators of neuronal function (p75, t-TrkB, and pro-BDNF) and 'positive' neuroprotective (FL-TrkB and m-BDNF) protein isoforms were determined via western blot and immunohistochemistry at 1, 3, 7, and 14 post-injury days (PID) following mTBI or sham (control) procedure. Within the brainstem, p75 expression increased at PID 1 vs. sham animals. t-TrkB and pro-BDNF expression increased at PID 7 and 14. The 'positive' protein isoforms of FL-TrkB and m-BDNF expression were increased only at PID 7. The ratio of t-TrkB:FL-TrkB (negative:positive) was substantial across groups and time points, suggesting a negative impact of neurotrophic signaling on neuronal function. Additional NeuN experiments revealed cell death occurring within a subset of neurons within the medulla. While behavioral measures improved by PID 7-14, negative neurotrophic biochemical responses persisted. Despite the assertion that mTBI produces "mild" injury, evidence of cell death was observed in the medulla. Ratios of TrkB and BDNF isoforms with conflicting functions suggest that future work should specifically measure each subtype since they induce opposing downstream effects on neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob I McPherson
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kathiravan Kaliyappan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John J Leddy
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kirkwood E Personius
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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McDonald BZ, Tarudji AW, Zhang H, Ryu S, Eskridge KM, Kievit FM. Traumatic brain injury heterogeneity affects cell death and autophagy. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06856-1. [PMID: 38789796 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) mechanism and severity are heterogenous clinically, resulting in a multitude of physical, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. Impact variability influences the origin, spread, and classification of molecular dysfunction which limits strategies for comprehensive clinical intervention. Indeed, there are currently no clinically approved therapeutics for treating the secondary consequences associated with TBI. Thus, examining pathophysiological changes from heterogeneous impacts is imperative for improving clinical translation and evaluating the efficacy of potential therapeutic strategies. Here we utilized TBI models that varied in both injury mechanism and severity including severe traditional controlled cortical impact (CCI), modified mild CCI (MTBI), and multiple severities of closed-head diffuse TBI (DTBI), and assessed pathophysiological changes. Severe CCI induced cortical lesions and necrosis, while both MTBI and DTBI lacked lesions or significant necrotic damage. Autophagy was activated in the ipsilateral cortex following CCI, but acutely impaired in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Additionally, autophagy was activated in the cortex following DTBI, and autophagic impairment was observed in either the cortex or hippocampus following impact from each DTBI severity. Thus, we provide evidence that autophagy is a therapeutic target for both mild and severe TBI. However, dramatic increases in necrosis following CCI may negatively impact the clinical translatability of therapeutics designed to treat acute dysfunction in TBI. Overall, these results provide evidence that injury sequalae affiliated with TBI heterogeneity is linked through autophagy activation and/or impaired autophagic flux. Thus, therapeutic strategies designed to intervene in autophagy may alleviate pathophysiological consequences, in addition to the cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Z McDonald
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St., 264 Morrsion Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St., 264 Morrsion Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 844 N. 16th St., 203 Scott Engineering Center, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | - Sangjin Ryu
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 844 N. 16th St., 203 Scott Engineering Center, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 901 N. 17th St., W316 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | - Kent M Eskridge
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege St., 343E Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St., 264 Morrsion Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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Flerlage WJ, Simmons SC, Thomas EH, Gouty S, Tsuda MC, Wu TJ, Armstrong RC, Cox BM, Nugent FS. Effects of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Modulation of Lateral Habenula Excitability and Motivated Behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589760. [PMID: 38798343 PMCID: PMC11118357 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a significant health burden due to mTBI-related chronic debilitating cognitive and psychiatric morbidities. Recent evidence from our laboratory suggests a possible dysregulation within reward/motivational circuit function at the level of a subcortical structure, the lateral habenula (LHb), where we demonstrated a causal role for hyperactive LHb in mTBI-induced motivational deficits in self-care grooming behavior in young adult male mice when exposed to mTBI injury during late adolescence (at ~8 weeks old). Here we extended this observation by further characterizing neurobehavioral effects of this repetitive closed head injury model of mTBI in both young adult male and female mice on LHb excitability, corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) modulation of LHb activity, and behavioral responses of motivation to self-care behavior, and approach versus avoidance behavior in the presence of a social- or threat-related stimulus. We show that mTBI increases LHb spontaneous tonic activity in female mice similar to what we previously observed in male mice as well as promoting LHb neuronal hyperexcitability and hyperpolarization-induced LHb bursting in both male and female mice. Interestingly, mTBI only increases LHb intrinsic excitability in male mice coincident with higher levels of the hyperpolarization-activated cation currents (HCN/Ih) and reduces levels of the M-type potassium currents while potentiating M-currents without altering intrinsic excitability in LHb neurons of female mice. Since persistent dysregulation of brain CRF systems is suggested to contribute to chronic psychiatric morbidities and that LHb neurons are highly responsive to CRF, we then tested whether LHb CRF subsystem becomes engaged following mTBI. We found that in vitro inhibition of CRF receptor type 1 (CRFR1) within the LHb normalizes mTBI-induced enhancement of LHb tonic activity and hyperexcitability in both sexes, suggesting that an augmented intra-LHb CRF-CRFR1-mediated signaling contributes to the overall LHb hyperactivity following mTBI. Behaviorally, mTBI diminishes motivation for self-care grooming in female mice as in male mice. mTBI also alters defensive behaviors in the looming shadow task by shifting the innate defensive behaviors towards more passive action-locking rather than escape behaviors in response to an aerial threat in both male and female mice as well as prolonging the latency to escape responses in female mice. While, this model of mTBI reduces social preference in male mice, it induces higher social novelty seeking during the novel social encounters in both male and female mice. Overall, our study provides further translational validity for the use of this preclinical model of mTBI for investigation of mTBI-related reward circuit dysfunction and mood/motivation-related behavioral deficits in both sexes while uncovering a few sexually dimorphic neurobehavioral effects of this model that may differentially affect young males and females when exposed to this type of mTBI injury during late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Flerlage
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Sarah C. Simmons
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Emily H. Thomas
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Shawn Gouty
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Mumeko C. Tsuda
- Preclinical Behavior and Modeling Core, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | - T. John Wu
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Gynecologic Surgery and Obstetrics, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Regina C. Armstrong
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Brian M. Cox
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
| | - Fereshteh S. Nugent
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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Clay AM, Carr RL, DuBien JL, To F. Short-term behavioral and histological findings following a single concussive and repeated subconcussive brain injury in a rodent model. Brain Inj 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38704844 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2349144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE It is unclear of the correlation between a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and repeated subconcussive (RSC) impacts with respect to injury biomechanics. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the behavioral and histological differences between a single mTBI impact and RSC impacts with subdivided cumulative kinetic energies of the single mTBI impact. RESEARCH DESIGN Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a single mTBI impact, RSC impact, sham, or repeated sham groups. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Following a weight drop injury, anxiety-like behavior and general locomotive activity and were assessed using the open field test, while motor coordination was evaluated using a rotarod unit. Neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and microgliosis were assessed using NeuN, GFAP and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry. All assessments were undertaken at 3- and 7-days post impact. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS No behavioral disturbances were observed in injury groups, however, both injury groups did lead to microgliosis following 3-days post-impact. CONCLUSIONS No pathophysiological differences were observed between a single mTBI impact and RSC impacts of the same energy input. Even though a cumulative injury threshold for RSC impacts was not determined, a threshold still may exist where no pathodynamic shift occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Clay
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Russell L Carr
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Janice L DuBien
- Department of Statistics, Mississippi University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Filip To
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
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Orbach G, Melendes EJ, Warren K, Qiu J, Meehan WP, Mannix R, Guilhaume-Correa F. Visual Impairment in Pre-Clinical Models of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024. [PMID: 38497739 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Impairment in visual function is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the clinical setting, a phenomenon that translates to pre-clinical animal models as well. In Morris et al. (2021), we reported histological changes following weight-drop-induced TBI in a rodent model including retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, decreased electroretinogram (ERG) evoked potential, optic nerve diameter reduction, induced inflammation and gliosis, and loss of myelin accompanied by markedly impaired visual acuity. In this review, we will describe several pre-clinical TBI models that result in injuries to the visual system, indicating that visual function may be impaired following brain injury induced by a number of different injury modalities. This underscores the importance of understanding the role of the visual system and the potential detrimental sequelae to this sensory modality post-TBI. Given that most commonly employed behavioral tests such as the Elevated Plus Maze and Morris Water Maze rely on an intact visual system, interpretation of functional deficits in diffuse models may be confounded by off- target effects on the visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Orbach
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eva J Melendes
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Warren
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William P Meehan
- Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebekah Mannix
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fernanda Guilhaume-Correa
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Blaschke SJ, Rautenberg N, Endepols H, Jendro A, Konrad J, Vlachakis S, Wiedermann D, Schroeter M, Hoffmann B, Merkel R, Marklund N, Fink GR, Rueger MA. Early Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment as a Pathological Hallmark in a Novel Model of Closed-Head Concussive Brain Injury (CBI) in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4837. [PMID: 38732053 PMCID: PMC11084321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Concussion, caused by a rotational acceleration/deceleration injury mild enough to avoid structural brain damage, is insufficiently captured in recent preclinical models, hampering the relation of pathophysiological findings on the cellular level to functional and behavioral deficits. We here describe a novel model of unrestrained, single vs. repetitive concussive brain injury (CBI) in male C56Bl/6j mice. Longitudinal behavioral assessments were conducted for up to seven days afterward, alongside the evaluation of structural cerebral integrity by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 9.4 T), and validated ex vivo by histology. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was analyzed by means of fluorescent dextran- as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation, and neuroinflammatory processes were characterized both in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]DPA-714 and ex vivo using immunohistochemistry. While a single CBI resulted in a defined, subacute neuropsychiatric phenotype, longitudinal cognitive testing revealed a marked decrease in spatial cognition, most pronounced in mice subjected to CBI at high frequency (every 48 h). Functional deficits were correlated to a parallel disruption of the BBB, (R2 = 0.29, p < 0.01), even detectable by a significant increase in hippocampal uptake of [18F]DPA-714, which was not due to activation of microglia, as confirmed immunohistochemically. Featuring a mild but widespread disruption of the BBB without evidence of macroscopic damage, this model induces a characteristic neuro-psychiatric phenotype that correlates to the degree of BBB disruption. Based on these findings, the BBB may function as both a biomarker of CBI severity and as a potential treatment target to improve recovery from concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Blaschke
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Nora Rautenberg
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-5), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Aileen Jendro
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Jens Konrad
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Susan Vlachakis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria A. Rueger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
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Fesharaki-Zadeh A, Datta D. An overview of preclinical models of traumatic brain injury (TBI): relevance to pathophysiological mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1371213. [PMID: 38682091 PMCID: PMC11045909 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1371213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting millions annually worldwide. Although the majority of TBI patients return to premorbid baseline, a subset of patient can develop persistent and often debilitating neurocognitive and behavioral changes. The etiology of TBI within the clinical setting is inherently heterogenous, ranging from sport related injuries, fall related injuries and motor vehicle accidents in the civilian setting, to blast injuries in the military setting. Objective Animal models of TBI, offer the distinct advantage of controlling for injury modality, duration and severity. Furthermore, preclinical models of TBI have provided the necessary temporal opportunity to study the chronic neuropathological sequelae of TBI, including neurodegenerative sequelae such as tauopathy and neuroinflammation within the finite experimental timeline. Despite the high prevalence of TBI, there are currently no disease modifying regimen for TBI, and the current clinical treatments remain largely symptom based. The preclinical models have provided the necessary biological substrate to examine the disease modifying effect of various pharmacological agents and have imperative translational value. Methods The current review will include a comprehensive survey of well-established preclinical models, including classic preclinical models including weight drop, blast injury, fluid percussion injury, controlled cortical impact injury, as well as more novel injury models including closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) models and closed-head projectile concussive impact model (PCI). In addition to rodent preclinical models, the review will include an overview of other species including large animal models and Drosophila. Results There are major neuropathological perturbations post TBI captured in various preclinical models, which include neuroinflammation, calcium dysregulation, tauopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, axonopathy, as well as glymphatic system disruption. Conclusion The preclinical models of TBI continue to offer valuable translational insight, as well as essential neurobiological basis to examine specific disease modifying therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dibyadeep Datta
- Division of Aging and Geriatric Psychiatry, Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States
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Mace BE, Lassiter E, Arulraja EK, Chaparro E, Cantillana V, Gupta R, Faw TD, Laskowitz DT, Kolls BJ. Optimization of a translational murine model of closed-head traumatic brain injury. Neurol Res 2024; 46:304-317. [PMID: 38197610 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2302261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) from closed-head trauma is a leading cause of disability, with limited effective interventions. Many TBI models impact brain parenchyma directly, and are limited by the fact that these forces do not recapitulate clinically relevant closed head injury. However, applying clinically relevant injury mechanics to the intact skull may lead to variability and as a result, preclinical modeling TBI remains a challenge. Current models often do not explore sex differences in TBI, which is critically important for translation to clinical practice. We systematically investigated sources of variability in a murine model of closed-head TBI and developed a framework to reduce variability across severity and sex. We manipulated pressure, dwell time, and displacement to determine effects on motor coordination, spatial learning, and neuronal damage in 10-week-old male and female mice. Increasing pressure beyond 70 psi had a ceiling effect on cellular and behavioral outcomes, while manipulating dwell time only affected behavioral performance. Increasing displacement precisely graded injury severity in both sexes across all outcomes. Physical signs of trauma occurred more frequently at higher displacements. Stratifying severity based on day-1 rotarod performance retained histological relationships and separated both sexes into injury severity cohorts with distinct patterns of behavioral recovery. Utilizing this stratification strategy, within-group rotarod variability over 6 days post-injury was reduced by 50%. These results have important implications for translational research in TBI and provide a framework for using this clinically relevant translational injury model in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Mace
- School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Translational Research Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Eric Lassiter
- School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Translational Research Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Chaparro
- School of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Viviana Cantillana
- School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Translational Research Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Rupali Gupta
- School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Translational Research Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Timothy D Faw
- School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Daniel T Laskowitz
- School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Translational Research Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, USA
- School of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Brad J Kolls
- School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Brain Injury Translational Research Laboratory, Duke University, Durham, USA
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Baucom MR, Price AD, England L, Schuster RM, Pritts TA, Goodman MD. Murine Traumatic Brain Injury Model Comparison: Closed Head Injury Versus Controlled Cortical Impact. J Surg Res 2024; 296:230-238. [PMID: 38295710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various murine models have been utilized to study TBI, including closed head injury (CHI) and controlled cortical impact (CCI), without direct comparison. The aim of our study was to evaluate these models to determine differences in neurological and behavioral outcomes postinjury. METHODS Male C57B/6 mice (9-10 wk) were separated into six groups including: untouched, sham craniotomy (4 mm), CCI 0.9 mm depth of impact, CCI 1.6 mm, CCI 2.2 mm, and CHI. CCI was performed using a 3 mm impact tip at a velocity of 5 m/s, dwell time of 250 ms, and depth as noted above. CHI was completed with a centered 400 g weight drop from 1 cm height. Mice were survived to 14-d (n = 5 per group) and 30-d (n = 5 per group) respectively for histological analysis of p-tau within the hippocampus. These mice underwent Morris Water Maze memory testing and Rotarod motor testing. Serum was collected from a separate cohort of mice (n = 5 per group) including untouched, isoflurane only, CCI 1.6 mm, CHI at 1, 4, 6, and 24 h for analysis of neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) via ELISA. Laser speckle contrast imaging was analyzed prior to and after impact in the CHI and CCI 1.6 mm groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in Morris Water Maze or Rotarod testing times between groups at 14- or 30-d. P-tau was significantly elevated in all groups except CCI 1.6 mm contralateral and CCI 2.2 mm ipsilateral compared to untouched mice at 30-d. P-tau was also significantly elevated in the CHI group at 30 d compared to CCI 1.6 mm contralateral and CCI 2.2 mm on both sides. GFAP was significantly increased in mice undergoing CHI (9959 ± 91 pg/mL) compared to CCI (2299 ± 1288 pg/mL), isoflurane only (133 ± 75 pg/mL), and sham (86 ± 58 pg/mL) at 1-h post TBI (P < 0.0001). There were no differences in serum neuron specific enolase levels between groups. Laser doppler imaging demonstrated similar decreases in cerebral blood flow between CHI and CCI; however, CCI mice had a reduction in blood flow with craniotomy only that did not significantly decrease further with impact. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, CHI leads to increased serum GFAP levels and increased p-tau within the hippocampus at 30-d postinjury. While CCI allows the comparison of one cerebral hemisphere to the other, CHI may be a better model of TBI as it requires less technical expertise and has similar neurological outcomes in these murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Baucom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adam D Price
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa England
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Timothy A Pritts
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Chen Q, Sahbaie P, Irvine KA, Clark JD. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Augmented Postsurgical Pain Is Driven by Central Serotonergic Pain-Facilitatory Signaling. Anesth Analg 2024; 138:866-877. [PMID: 37083595 PMCID: PMC10589390 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals recovering from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have increased rates of acute and chronic pain. However, the mechanism through which mTBI triggers heightened pain responses and the link between mTBI and postsurgical pain remain elusive. Recent data suggest that dysregulated serotonergic pain-modulating circuits could be involved. We hypothesized that mTBI triggers dysfunction in descending serotonergic pain modulation, which exacerbates acute pain and delays pain-related recovery after surgery. METHODS Using mouse models of mTBI and hindpaw incision for postsurgical pain in C57BL/6J mice, mechanical withdrawal thresholds were assessed throughout the postsurgical period. To determine whether mTBI leads to persistent alteration of endogenous opioid tone, mu-opioid receptors (MORs) were blocked with naloxone. Finally, the role of descending serotonergic signaling on postsurgical allodynia in animals with mTBI was examined using ondansetron (5-HT 3 receptor antagonist) or a serotonin-specific neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), to ablate descending serotonergic fibers. The treatment effects on withdrawal thresholds were normalized to baseline (percentage of maximum possible effect, MPE%), and analyzed using paired t -test or 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc multiple comparisons. RESULTS Post-mTBI mice demonstrated transient allodynia in hindpaws contralateral to mTBI, while no nociceptive changes were observed in sham-mTBI animals (mean difference, MD, MPE%, post-mTBI day 3: -60.9; 95% CI, -88.7 to -35.0; P < .001). After hindpaw incision, animals without mTBI exhibited transient allodynia, while mice with prior mTBI demonstrated prolonged postsurgical allodynia (MD-MPE% postsurgical day 14: -65.0; 95% CI, -125.4 to -4.5; P = .04). Blockade of MORs using naloxone transiently reinstated allodynia in mTBI animals but not in sham-mTBI mice (MD-MPE% post-naloxone: -69.9; 95% CI, -94.8 to -45.1; P < .001). Intrathecal administration of ondansetron reversed the allodynia observed post-mTBI and postincision in mTBI mice (compared to vehicle-treated mTBI mice, MD-MPE% post-mTBI day 3: 82.7; 95% CI, 58.5-106.9; P < .001; postsurgical day 17: 62.5; 95% CI, 38.3-86.7; P < .001). Both the acute allodynia after TBI and the period of prolonged allodynia after incision in mTBI mice were blocked by pretreatment with 5,7-DHT (compared to sham-mTBI mice, MD-MPE% post-mTBI day 3: 0.5; 95% CI, -18.5 to 19.5; P = .99; postsurgical day 14: -14.6; 95% CI, -16.7 to 45.9; P = .48). Similar behavioral patterns were observed in hindpaw ipsilateral to mTBI. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results show that descending serotoninergic pain-facilitating signaling is responsible for nociceptive sensitization after mTBI and that central endogenous opioid tone opposes serotonin's effects. Understanding brain injury-related changes in endogenous pain modulation may lead to improved pain control for those with TBI undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiLiang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (E4-220), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Karen-Amanda Irvine
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (E4-220), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - J. David Clark
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave (E4-220), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Huerta de la Cruz S, Santiago-Castañeda C, Rodríguez-Palma EJ, Rocha L, Sancho M. Lateral fluid percussion injury: A rat model of experimental traumatic brain injury. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:197-224. [PMID: 38556449 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. The annual economic impact of TBI-including direct and indirect costs-is high, particularly impacting low- and middle-income countries. Despite extensive research, a comprehensive understanding of the primary and secondary TBI pathophysiology, followed by the development of promising therapeutic approaches, remains limited. These fundamental caveats in knowledge have motivated the development of various experimental models to explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of TBI. In this context, the Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury (LFPI) model produces a brain injury that mimics most of the neurological and systemic aspects observed in human TBI. Moreover, its high reproducibility makes the LFPI model one of the most widely used rodent-based TBI models. In this chapter, we provide a detailed surgical protocol of the LFPI model used to induce TBI in adult Wistar rats. We further highlight the neuroscore test as a valuable tool for the evaluation of TBI-induced sensorimotor consequences and their severity in rats. Lastly, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the pathological aspects and functional outcomes observed in the LFPI-induced TBI model in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Huerta de la Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, México.
| | | | - Erick J Rodríguez-Palma
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Tang TZ, Zhao Y, Agarwal D, Tharzeen A, Patrikeev I, Zhang Y, DeJesus J, Bossmann SH, Natarajan B, Motamedi M, Szczesny B. Serum amyloid A and mitochondrial DNA in extracellular vesicles are novel markers for detecting traumatic brain injury in a mouse model. iScience 2024; 27:108932. [PMID: 38323004 PMCID: PMC10844832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential use of circulating extracellular vesicles' (EVs) DNA and protein content as biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a mouse model. Despite an overall decrease in EVs count during the acute phase, there was an increased presence of exosomes (CD63+ EVs) during acute and an increase in microvesicles derived from microglia/macrophages (CD11b+ EVs) and astrocytes (ACSA-2+ EVs) in post-acute TBI phases, respectively. Notably, mtDNA exhibited an immediate elevation post-injury. Neuronal (NFL) and microglial (Iba1) markers increased in the acute, while the astrocyte marker (GFAP) increased in post-acute TBI phases. Novel protein biomarkers (SAA, Hp, VWF, CFD, CBG) specific to different TBI phases were also identified. Biostatistical modeling and machine learning identified mtDNA and SAA as decisive markers for TBI detection. These findings emphasize the importance of profiling EVs' content and their dynamic release as an innovative diagnostic approach for TBI in liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Z. Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Deepesh Agarwal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Aabila Tharzeen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Igor Patrikeev
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanyi Zhang
- Department of Office of Biostatistics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jana DeJesus
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan H. Bossmann
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Massoud Motamedi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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13
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Green TRF, Carey SD, Mannino G, Craig JA, Rowe RK, Zielinski MR. Sleep, inflammation, and hemodynamics in rodent models of traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1361014. [PMID: 38426017 PMCID: PMC10903352 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1361014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce dysregulation of sleep. Sleep disturbances include hypersomnia and hyposomnia, sleep fragmentation, difficulty falling asleep, and altered electroencephalograms. TBI results in inflammation and altered hemodynamics, such as changes in blood brain barrier permeability and cerebral blood flow. Both inflammation and altered hemodynamics, which are known sleep regulators, contribute to sleep impairments post-TBI. TBIs are heterogenous in cause and biomechanics, which leads to different molecular and symptomatic outcomes. Animal models of TBI have been developed to model the heterogeneity of TBIs observed in the clinic. This review discusses the intricate relationship between sleep, inflammation, and hemodynamics in pre-clinical rodent models of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha R. F. Green
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Sean D. Carey
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States
| | - Grant Mannino
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - John A. Craig
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
| | - Rachel K. Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mark R. Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States
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14
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Ravichandran KA, Heneka MT. Inflammasomes in neurological disorders - mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:67-83. [PMID: 38195712 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are molecular scaffolds that are activated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and form a key element of innate immune responses. Consequently, the involvement of inflammasomes in several diseases that are characterized by inflammatory processes, such as multiple sclerosis, is widely appreciated. However, many other neurological conditions, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy and neurological sequelae of COVID-19, all involve persistent inflammation in the brain, and increasing evidence suggests that inflammasome activation contributes to disease progression in these conditions. Understanding the biology and mechanisms of inflammasome activation is, therefore, crucial for the development of inflammasome-targeted therapies for neurological conditions. In this Review, we present the current evidence for and understanding of inflammasome activation in neurological diseases and discuss current and potential interventional strategies that target inflammasome activation to mitigate its pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Aravind Ravichandran
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of innate immunity, University of Bonn Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, North Worcester, MA, USA.
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15
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Pasam T, Dandekar MP. Insights from Rodent Models for Improving Bench-to-Bedside Translation in Traumatic Brain Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:599-622. [PMID: 38427264 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Road accidents, domestic falls, and persons associated with sports and military services exhibited the concussion or contusion type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that resulted in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In some instances, these complex neurological aberrations pose severe brain damage and devastating long-term neurological sequelae. Several preclinical (rat and mouse) TBI models simulate the clinical TBI endophenotypes. Moreover, many investigational neuroprotective candidates showed promising effects in these models; however, the therapeutic success of these screening candidates has been discouraging at various stages of clinical trials. Thus, a correct selection of screening model that recapitulates the clinical neurobiology and endophenotypes of concussion or contusion is essential. Herein, we summarize the advantages and caveats of different preclinical models adopted for TBI research. We suggest that an accurate selection of experimental TBI models may improve the translational viability of the investigational entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasi Pasam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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16
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Wardhana DW, Yudhanto HS, Riawan W, Khotimah H, Permatasari HK, Nazwar TA, Nurdiana N. Modification of the height of a weight drop traumatic brain injury model that causes the formation of glial scar and cognitive impairment in rats. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:439. [PMID: 38102565 PMCID: PMC10722700 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic, progressive condition associated with permanent disabilities, particularly cognitive impairments. Glial scar formation following TBI is considered a contributing factor to these persistent disabilities. Currently, limited research exists on pharmacological interventions targeting glial scar prevention that require a standard weight drop TBI model for glial scar formation. Since there is no established standard TBI model for glial scar formation, this study aims to validate and modify the height of the weight drop model to identify glial scar formation and cognitive impairments. METHODS Fifteen male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, WD1, and WD2 groups. The weight drop model with a 10 g load was applied to the right exposed brain of the rats from a height of 5 cm (WD1) and 10 cm (WD2) using a modified Feeney's weight drop device. Cognitive impairments were confirmed using the novel object recognition (NOR) test with ethovision software on day 15. Subsequently, the rats were decapitated on day 16, and GFAP immunohistochemical staining was performed to confirm the presence of glial scarring. RESULTS The WD1 and WD2 groups exhibited a significant increase in glial scar formation compared to the sham group, with the WD2 group resulting in even more pronounced glial scar formation. Only the WD2 model caused statistically significant cognitive damage. The negative correlation coefficient indicates that an increase in GFAP + cells will decrease the cognitive function. CONCLUSION Modification of the height of the weight drop model, by dropping a weight of 10 g from a height of 10 cm (WD2 group) onto the right brain exposed of the rat has been proven to induce the formation of a glial scar and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donny Wisnu Wardhana
- Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - Hendy Setyo Yudhanto
- Department of Anatomy Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Wibi Riawan
- Department of Biomolecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Husnul Khotimah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Happy Kurnia Permatasari
- Department of Biomolecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tommy Alfandy Nazwar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya/Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Nurdiana Nurdiana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
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17
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Freeman-Jones E, Miller WH, Work LM, Fullerton JL. Polypathologies and Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1709. [PMID: 38137157 PMCID: PMC10741988 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important health issue for the worldwide population, as it causes long-term pathological consequences for a diverse group of individuals. We are yet to fully elucidate the significance of TBI polypathologies, such as neuroinflammation and tau hyperphosphorylation, and their contribution to the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and other neurological conditions. To advance our understanding of TBI, it is necessary to replicate TBI in preclinical models. Commonly used animal models include the weight drop model; these methods model human TBI in various ways and in different animal species. However, animal models have not demonstrated their clinical utility for identifying therapeutic interventions. Many interventions that were successful in improving outcomes for animal models did not translate into clinical benefit for patients. It is important to review current animal models and discuss their strengths and limitations within a TBI context. Modelling human TBI in animals encounters numerous challenges, yet despite these barriers, the TBI research community is working to overcome these difficulties. Developments include advances in biomarkers, standardising, and refining existing models. This progress will improve our ability to model TBI in animals and, therefore, enhance our understanding of TBI and, potentially, how to treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Freeman-Jones
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.F.-J.); (W.H.M.)
| | - William H. Miller
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (E.F.-J.); (W.H.M.)
| | - Lorraine M. Work
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | - Josie L. Fullerton
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
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18
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Hoogenboom WS, Rubin TG, Ambadipudi K, Cui MH, Ye K, Foster H, Elkouby E, Liu J, Branch CA, Lipton ML. Evolving brain and behaviour changes in rats following repetitive subconcussive head impacts. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad316. [PMID: 38046094 PMCID: PMC10691880 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern that repetitive subconcussive head impacts, independent of concussion, alter brain structure and function, and may disproportionately affect the developing brain. Animal studies of repetitive subconcussive head impacts are needed to begin to characterize the pathological basis and mechanisms underlying imaging and functional effects of repetitive subconcussive head impacts seen in humans. Since repetitive subconcussive head impacts have been largely unexplored in animals, we aimed to characterize the evolution of imaging, behavioural and pathological effects of repetitive subconcussive head impacts in awake adolescent rodents. Awake male and female Sprague Dawley rats (postnatal Day 35) received 140 closed-head impacts over the course of a week. Impacted and sham-impacted animals were restrained in a plastic cone, and unrestrained control animals were included to account for effects of restraint and normal development. Animals (n = 43) underwent repeated diffusion tensor imaging prior to and over 1 month following the final impact. A separate cohort (n = 53) was assessed behaviourally for fine motor control, emotional-affective behaviour and memory at acute and chronic time points. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses, which were exploratory in nature due to smaller sample sizes, were completed at 1 month following the final impact. All animals tolerated the protocol with no overt changes in behaviour or stigmata of traumatic brain injury, such as alteration of consciousness, intracranial haemorrhage or skull fracture. We detected longitudinal, sex-dependent diffusion tensor imaging changes (fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity decline) in corpus callosum and external capsule of repetitive subconcussive head impact animals, which diverged from both sham and control. Compared to sham animals, repetitive subconcussive head impact animals exhibited acute but transient mild motor deficits. Repetitive subconcussive head impact animals also exhibited chronic anxiety and spatial memory impairment that differed from the control animals, but these effects were not different from those seen in the sham condition. We observed trends in the data for thinning of the corpus callosum as well as regions with elevated Iba-1 in the corpus callosum and cerebral white matter among repetitive subconcussive head impact animals. While replication with larger study samples is needed, our findings suggest that subconcussive head impacts cause microstructural tissue changes in the developing rat brain, which are detectable with diffusion tensor imaging, with suggestion of correlates in tissue pathology and behaviour. The results point to potential mechanisms underpinning consequences of subconcussive head impacts that have been described in humans. The congruence of our imaging findings with human subconcussive head impacts suggests that neuroimaging could serve as a translational bridge to advance study of injury mechanisms and development of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter S Hoogenboom
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Todd G Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kamalakar Ambadipudi
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Min-Hui Cui
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kenny Ye
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Henry Foster
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Esther Elkouby
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
| | - Craig A Branch
- The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10641, USA
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Jacotte-Simancas A, Molina PE, Gilpin NW. Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and JZL184 Produce Sex-Specific Increases in Anxiety-Like Behavior and Alcohol Consumption in Wistar Rats. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2427-2441. [PMID: 37503666 PMCID: PMC10649186 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly comorbid with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previously, using a lateral fluid percussion model (LFP) (an open-head injury model) to generate a single mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) we showed that TBI produces escalation in alcohol drinking, that alcohol exposure negatively impacts TBI outcomes, and that the endocannabinoid degradation inhibitor (JZL184) confers significant protection from behavioral and neuropathological outcomes in male rodents. In the present study, we used a weight drop model (a closed-head injury model) to produce repeated mild TBI (rmTBI; three TBIs separated by 24 hours) in male and female rats to examine the sex-specific effects on anxiety-like behavior and alcohol consumption, and whether systemic treatment with JZL184 would reverse TBI effects on those behaviors. In two separate studies, adult male and female Wistar rats were subjected to rmTBI or sham procedure using the weight drop model. Physiological measures of injury severity were collected from all animals. Animals in both studies were allowed to consume alcohol using an intermittent 2-bottle choice procedure (12 pre-TBI sessions and 12 post-TBI sessions). Neurological severity and neurobehavioral scores (NSS and NBS, respectively) were tested 24 hours after the final injury. Anxiety-like behavior was tested at 37-38 days post-injury in Study 1-, and 6-8-days post-injury in Study 2. Our results show that females exhibited reduced respiratory rates relative to males with no significant differences between Sham and rmTBI, no effect of rmTBI or sex on righting reflex, and increased neurological deficits in rmTBI groups in both studies. In Study 1, rmTBI increased alcohol consumption in female but not male rats. Male rats consistently exhibited higher levels of anxiety-like behavior than females. The rmTBI did not affect anxiety-like behavior 37-38 days post-injury. In Study 2, rmTBI once again increased alcohol consumption in female but not male rats, and repeated systemic treatment with JZL184 did not affect alcohol consumption. Also in Study 2, rmTBI increased anxiety-like behavior in males but not females and repeated systemic treatment with JZL184 produced an unexpected increase in anxiety-like behavior 6-8 days post-injury. In summary, rmTBI increased alcohol consumption in female rats, systemic JZL184 treatment did not alter alcohol consumption, and both rmTBI and systemic JZL184 treatment increased anxiety-like behavior 6-8 days post-injury in males but not females, highlighting robust sex differences in rmTBI effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Jacotte-Simancas
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Alcohol and Drug of Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patricia E. Molina
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Alcohol and Drug of Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nicholas W. Gilpin
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Alcohol and Drug of Abuse Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Southeast Louisiana VA Healthcare System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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20
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Rasouli HR, Mohammadian Salim M, Talebi S, Eslamian M, Ahmadpour F. The efficacy of buprenorphine on moderate traumatic brain injury in the rat model. Neurol Res 2023; 45:1055-1062. [PMID: 37695813 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death, disability, and mental health disorders. A wide range of bioactive lipids, cytokines, and chemokines drives the inflammatory response. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of buprenorphine on moderate Trauma Brain Injury (mTBI) in rats. METHODS In this study, 21 Wistar male rats weighing 230 ± 10 g were included. We trained cases by Morris water navigation task and mTBI induced by the pendulum. Then, buprenorphine treatment with 0.05 mg per kilogram of body weight continued from day 8 to 21. Finally, by Micro-Computed Tomography, behavioral evaluation by the Morris aqueous riddle test and biochemical factors of inflammation were assessed. RESULTS Severe subdural inflammation was more in the treatment group than in the control group. The behavior of Rats showed that in the buprenorphine group, the mean duration of finding the platform increased compared to the control and Sham groups. However, the groups had no significant differences (P > 0.05). Biochemically, buprenorphine increased prolactin and decreased cortisol compared to the control and trauma groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that buprenorphine causes fewer changes in behavioral functions in rats' models of mTBI and, because of their positive effect changes on inflammation biomarkers, biochemical behavioral tests, and CT scan images, could be ideal analgesic agents for pre-clinical responses after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Rasouli
- Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohammadian Salim
- Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Talebi
- Department of Medicine Genetic, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslamian
- Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fathollah Ahmadpour
- Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Neale KJ, Reid HMO, Sousa B, McDonagh E, Morrison J, Shultz S, Eyolfson E, Christie BR. Repeated mild traumatic brain injury causes sex-specific increases in cell proliferation and inflammation in juvenile rats. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:250. [PMID: 37907981 PMCID: PMC10617072 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood represents a period of significant growth and maturation for the brain, and is also associated with a heightened risk for mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI). There is also concern that repeated-mTBI (r-mTBI) may have a long-term impact on developmental trajectories. Using an awake closed head injury (ACHI) model, that uses rapid head acceleration to induce a mTBI, we investigated the acute effects of repeated-mTBI (r-mTBI) on neurological function and cellular proliferation in juvenile male and female Long-Evans rats. We found that r-mTBI did not lead to cumulative neurological deficits with the model. R-mTBI animals exhibited an increase in BrdU + (bromodeoxyuridine positive) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG), and that this increase was more robust in male animals. This increase was not sustained, and cell proliferation returning to normal by PID3. A greater increase in BrdU + cells was observed in the dorsal DG in both male and female r-mTBI animals at PID1. Using Ki-67 expression as an endogenous marker of cellular proliferation, a robust proliferative response following r-mTBI was observed in male animals at PID1 that persisted until PID3, and was not constrained to the DG alone. Triple labeling experiments (Iba1+, GFAP+, Brdu+) revealed that a high proportion of these proliferating cells were microglia/macrophages, indicating there was a heightened inflammatory response. Overall, these findings suggest that rapid head acceleration with the ACHI model produces an mTBI, but that the acute neurological deficits do not increase in severity with repeated administration. R-mTBI transiently increases cellular proliferation in the hippocampus, particularly in male animals, and the pattern of cell proliferation suggests that this represents a neuroinflammatory response that is focused around the mid-brain rather than peripheral cortical regions. These results add to growing literature indicating sex differences in proliferative and inflammatory responses between females and males. Targeting proliferation as a therapeutic avenue may help reduce the short term impact of r-mTBI, but there may be sex-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Neale
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hannah M O Reid
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Barbara Sousa
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Erin McDonagh
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jamie Morrison
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sandy Shultz
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- Monash Trauma Group, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric Eyolfson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Institute for Aging and Life Long Health, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Island Medical Program, Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Kulkarni PG, Balasubramanian N, Manjrekar R, Banerjee T, Sakharkar A. DNA Methylation-Mediated Mfn2 Gene Regulation in the Brain: A Role in Brain Trauma-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Memory Deficits. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3479-3495. [PMID: 37193907 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (rMTBI) affect mitochondrial homeostasis in the brain. However, mechanisms of long-lasting neurobehavioral effects of rMTBI are largely unknown. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a critical component of tethering complexes in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and thereby plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial functions. Herein, we investigated the implications of DNA methylation in the Mfn2 gene regulation, and its consequences on mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus after rMTBI. rMTBI dramatically reduced the mitochondrial mass, which was concomitant with decrease in Mfn2 mRNA and protein levels. DNA hypermethylation at the Mfn2 gene promoter was observed post 30 days of rMTBI. The treatment of 5-Azacytidine, a pan DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, normalized DNA methylation levels at Mfn2 promoter, which further resulted into restoration of Mfn2 function. The normalization of Mfn2 function was well correlated with recovery in memory deficits in rMTBI-exposed rats. Since, glutamate excitotoxicity serves as a primary insult after TBI, we employed in vitro model of glutamate excitotoxicity in human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y to investigate the causal epigenetic mechanisms of Mfn2 gene regulation. The glutamate excitotoxicity reduced Mfn2 levels via DNA hypermethylation at Mfn2 promoter. Loss of Mfn2 caused significant surge in cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels with lowered mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured SH-SY5Y cells. Like rMTBI, these consequences of glutamate excitotoxicity were also prevented by 5-AzaC pre-treatment. Therefore, DNA methylation serves as a vital epigenetic mechanism involved in Mfn2 expression in the brain; and this Mfn2 gene regulation may play a pivotal role in rMTBI-induced persistent cognitive deficits. Closed head weight drop injury method was employed to induce repeated mild traumatic brain (rMTBI) in jury in adult, male Wistar rats. rMTBI causes hyper DNA methylation at the Mfn2 promoter and lowers the Mfn2 expression triggering mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the treatment of 5-azacytidine normalizes DNA methylation at the Mfn2 promoter and restores mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | | | - Ritika Manjrekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India
| | - Tanushree Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune, 411 033, India.
| | - Amul Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, India.
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23
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Mayer AR, Dodd AB, Dodd RJ, Stephenson DD, Ling JM, Mehos CJ, Patton DA, Robertson-Benta CR, Gigliotti AP, Vermillion MS, Noghero A. Head Kinematics, Blood Biomarkers, and Histology in Large Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2205-2216. [PMID: 37341029 PMCID: PMC10701512 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and severe blood loss resulting in hemorrhagic shock (HS) are each leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and present additional treatment considerations when they are comorbid (TBI+HS) as a result of competing pathophysiological responses. The current study rigorously quantified injury biomechanics with high precision sensors and examined whether blood-based surrogate markers were altered in general trauma as well as post-neurotrauma. Eighty-nine sexually mature male and female Yucatan swine were subjected to a closed-head TBI+HS (40% of circulating blood volume; n = 68), HS only (n = 9), or sham trauma (n = 12). Markers of systemic (e.g., glucose, lactate) and neural functioning were obtained at baseline, and at 35 and 295 min post-trauma. Opposite and approximately twofold differences existed for both magnitude (device > head) and duration (head > device) of quantified injury biomechanics. Circulating levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) demonstrated differential sensitivity for both general trauma (HS) and neurotrauma (TBI+HS) relative to shams in a temporally dynamic fashion. GFAP and NfL were both strongly associated with changes in systemic markers during general trauma and exhibited consistent time-dependent changes in individual sham animals. Finally, circulating GFAP was associated with histopathological markers of diffuse axonal injury and blood-brain barrier breach, as well as variations in device kinematics following TBI+HS. Current findings therefore highlight the need to directly quantify injury biomechanics with head mounted sensors and suggest that GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are sensitive to multiple forms of trauma rather than having a single pathological indication (e.g., GFAP = astrogliosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Psychology, and University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew B. Dodd
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Dodd
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - David D. Stephenson
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Josef M. Ling
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carissa J. Mehos
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Declan A. Patton
- Center for Injury Research and Prevention, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cidney R. Robertson-Benta
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew P. Gigliotti
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Meghan S. Vermillion
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alessio Noghero
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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24
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Penn C, Mayilsamy K, Zhu XX, Bauer MA, Mohapatra SS, Frisina RD, Mohapatra S. A mouse model of repeated traumatic brain injury-induced hearing impairment: Early cochlear neurodegeneration in the absence of hair cell loss. Hear Res 2023; 436:108832. [PMID: 37364367 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Mounting evidence suggests that even mild TBI injuries, which comprise >75% of all TBIs, can cause chronic post-concussive neurological symptoms, especially when experienced repetitively (rTBI). The most common post-concussive symptoms include auditory dysfunction in the form of hearing loss, tinnitus, or impaired auditory processing, which can occur even in the absence of direct damage to the auditory system at the time of injury. The mechanism by which indirect damage causes loss of auditory function is poorly understood, and treatment is currently limited to symptom management rather than preventative care. We reasoned that secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, may lead to damage of the inner ear and parts of the brain used for hearing after rTBI. Herein, we established a model of indirect damage to the auditory system induced by rTBI and characterized the pathology of hearing loss. METHODS We established a mouse model of rTBI in order to determine a timeline of auditory pathology following multiple mild injuries. Mice were subject to controlled cortical impact at the skull midline once every 48 h, for a total of 5 hits. Auditory function was assessed via the auditory brainstem response (ABR) at various timepoints post injury. Brain and cochleae were collected to establish a timeline of cellular pathology. RESULTS We observed increased ABR thresholds and decreased (ABR) P1 amplitudes in rTBI vs sham animals at 14 days post-impact (dpi). This effect persisted for up to 60 days (dpi). Auditory temporal processing was impaired beginning at 30 dpi. Spiral ganglion degeneration was evident at 14 dpi. No loss of hair cells was detected at this time, suggesting that neuronal loss is one of the earliest notable events in hearing loss caused by this type of rTBI. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that rTBI results in chronic auditory dysfunction via damage to the spiral ganglion which occurs in the absence of any reduction in hair cell number. This suggests early neuronal damage that may be caused by systemic mechanisms similar to those leading to the spread of neuronal death in the brain following TBI. This TBI-hearing loss model provides an important first step towards identifying therapeutic targets to attenuate damage to the auditory system following head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Penn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Karthick Mayilsamy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiao Xia Zhu
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering and Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark A Bauer
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering and Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shyam S Mohapatra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert D Frisina
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering and Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Subhra Mohapatra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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25
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Panchenko PE, Hippauf L, Konsman JP, Badaut J. Do astrocytes act as immune cells after pediatric TBI? Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106231. [PMID: 37468048 PMCID: PMC10530000 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are in contact with the vasculature, neurons, oligodendrocytes and microglia, forming a local network with various functions critical for brain homeostasis. One of the primary responders to brain injury are astrocytes as they detect neuronal and vascular damage, change their phenotype with morphological, proteomic and transcriptomic transformations for an adaptive response. The role of astrocytic responses in brain dysfunction is not fully elucidated in adult, and even less described in the developing brain. Children are vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI), which represents a leading cause of death and disability in the pediatric population. Pediatric brain trauma, even with mild severity, can lead to long-term health complications, such as cognitive impairments, emotional disorders and social dysfunction later in life. To date, the underlying pathophysiology is still not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the astrocytic response in pediatric TBI and propose a potential immune role of the astrocyte in response to trauma. We discuss the contribution of astrocytes in the local inflammatory cascades and secretion of various immunomodulatory factors involved in the recruitment of local microglial cells and peripheral immune cells through cerebral blood vessels. Taken together, we propose that early changes in the astrocytic phenotype can alter normal development of the brain, with long-term consequences on neurological outcomes, as described in preclinical models and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Hippauf
- CNRS UMR 5536 RMSB-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jerome Badaut
- CNRS UMR 5536 RMSB-University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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26
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Zhao Q, Zhang J, Li H, Li H, Xie F. Models of traumatic brain injury-highlights and drawbacks. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1151660. [PMID: 37396767 PMCID: PMC10309005 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1151660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause for high morbidity and mortality rates in young adults, survivors may suffer from long-term physical, cognitive, and/or psychological disorders. Establishing better models of TBI would further our understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI and develop new potential treatments. A multitude of animal TBI models have been used to replicate the various aspects of human TBI. Although numerous experimental neuroprotective strategies were identified to be effective in animal models, a majority of strategies have failed in phase II or phase III clinical trials. This failure in clinical translation highlights the necessity of revisiting the current status of animal models of TBI and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we elucidate approaches for the generation of animal models and cell models of TBI and summarize their strengths and limitations with the aim of exploring clinically meaningful neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zhao
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Physical Culture, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Hongru Li
- Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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27
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Deshetty UM, Periyasamy P. Potential Biomarkers in Experimental Animal Models for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3923. [PMID: 37373618 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12123923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and multifaceted disorder that has become a significant public health concern worldwide due to its contribution to mortality and morbidity. This condition encompasses a spectrum of injuries, including axonal damage, contusions, edema, and hemorrhage. Unfortunately, specific effective therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes following TBI are currently lacking. Various experimental animal models have been developed to mimic TBI and evaluate potential therapeutic agents to address this issue. These models are designed to recapitulate different biomarkers and mechanisms involved in TBI. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of clinical TBI, no single experimental animal model can effectively mimic all aspects of human TBI. Accurate emulation of clinical TBI mechanisms is also tricky due to ethical considerations. Therefore, the continued study of TBI mechanisms and biomarkers, of the duration and severity of brain injury, treatment strategies, and animal model optimization is necessary. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of TBI, available experimental TBI animal models, and the range of biomarkers and detection methods for TBI. Overall, this review highlights the need for further research to improve patient outcomes and reduce the global burden of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Deshetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Palsamy Periyasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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28
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Acosta CH, Clemons GA, Citadin CT, Carr WC, Udo MSB, Tesic V, Sanicola HW, Freelin AH, Toms JB, Jordan JD, Guthikonda B, Wu CYC, Lee RHC, Lin HW. A role for protein arginine methyltransferase 7 in repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2023; 166:105524. [PMID: 37030326 PMCID: PMC10988608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury affects the largest proportion of individuals in the United States and world-wide. Pre-clinical studies of repetitive and mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) have been limited in their ability to recapitulate human pathology (i.e. diffuse rotational injury). We used the closed-head impact model of engineered rotation acceleration (CHIMERA) to simulate rotational injury observed in patients and to study the pathological outcomes post-rmTBI using C57BL/6J mice. Enhanced cytokine production was observed in both the cortex and hippocampus to suggest neuroinflammation. Furthermore, microglia were assessed via enhanced iba1 protein levels and morphological changes using immunofluorescence. In addition, LC/MS analyses revealed excess glutamate production, as well as diffuse axonal injury via Bielschowsky's silver stain kit. Moreover, the heterogeneous nature of rmTBI has made it challenging to identify drug therapies that address rmTBI, therefore we sought to identify novel targets in the concurrent rmTBI pathology. The pathophysiological findings correlated with a time-dependent decrease in protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) protein expression and activity post-rmTBI along with dysregulation of PRMT upstream mediators s-adenosylmethionine and methionine adenosyltransferase 2 (MAT2) in vivo. In addition, inhibition of the upstream mediator MAT2A using the HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line suggest a mechanistic role for PRMT7 via MAT2A in vitro. Collectively, we have identified PRMT7 as a novel target in rmTBI pathology in vivo and a mechanistic link between PRMT7 and upstream mediator MAT2A in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - William C Carr
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Henry W Sanicola
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Anne H Freelin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jamie B Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - J Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Bharat Guthikonda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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29
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Xiong J, Lv Y, Ma X, Peng G, Wu C, Hou J, Zhang Y, Wu C, Chen-Yi Liu T, Yang L. Neuroprotective Effect of Sub-lethal Hyperthermia Preconditioning in a Rat Model of Repeated Closed Head Injury. Neuroscience 2023; 522:57-68. [PMID: 37164305 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (rTBI), one of the most common forms of traumatic brain injury, is a worldwide severe public health concern. rTBI induces cumulative neuronal injury, neurological dysfunction, and cognitive deficits. Although there are clinical treatment methods, there is still an urgent need to develop preventive approaches for susceptible populations. Using a repeated closed head injury (rCHI) rat model, we interrogate the effect of sub-lethal hyperthermia preconditioning (SHP) on rCHI-induced neuronal injury and behavioral changes. Our study applied the repeated weight-drop model to induce the rCHI. According to the changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) in the cortex and hippocampus following a single SHP treatment in normal rats, the SHP was delivered to the rats 18 hours before rCHI. We found that HSP significantly alleviated rCHI-induced anxiety-like behaviors and impairments in motor abilities and spatial memory. SHP exerts significant neuroprotection against rCHI-induced neuronal damage, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Our findings support the potential use of SHP as a preventative approach for alleviating rCHI-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China; Guangzhou Cadre Health Management Center, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Guangcong Peng
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Chunyi Wu
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China.
| | - Timon Chen-Yi Liu
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Collage of Physical Education and Sport Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510006, China.
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Dean T, Ghaemmaghami J, Corso J, Gallo V. The cortical NG2-glia response to traumatic brain injury. Glia 2023; 71:1164-1175. [PMID: 36692058 PMCID: PMC10404390 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. A chronic neurologic disease bearing the moniker of "the silent epidemic," TBI currently has no targeted therapies to ameliorate cellular loss or enhance functional recovery. Compared with those of astrocytes, microglia, and peripheral immune cells, the functions and mechanisms of NG2-glia following TBI are far less understood, despite NG2-glia comprising the largest population of regenerative cells in the mature cortex. Here, we synthesize the results from multiple rodent models of TBI, with a focus on cortical NG2-glia proliferation and lineage potential, and propose future avenues for glia researchers to address this unique cell type in TBI. As the molecular mechanisms that regulate NG2-glia regenerative potential are uncovered, we posit that future therapeutic strategies may exploit cortical NG2-glia to augment local cellular recovery following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Dean
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Javid Ghaemmaghami
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - John Corso
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Berman R, Spencer H, Boese M, Kim S, Radford K, Choi K. Loss of Consciousness and Righting Reflex Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Predictors of Post-Injury Symptom Development (A Narrative Review). Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050750. [PMID: 37239222 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying predictors for individuals vulnerable to the adverse effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an ongoing research pursuit. This is especially important for patients with mild TBI (mTBI), whose condition is often overlooked. TBI severity in humans is determined by several criteria, including the duration of loss of consciousness (LOC): LOC < 30 min for mTBI and LOC > 30 min for moderate-to-severe TBI. However, in experimental TBI models, there is no standard guideline for assessing the severity of TBI. One commonly used metric is the loss of righting reflex (LRR), a rodent analogue of LOC. However, LRR is highly variable across studies and rodents, making strict numeric cutoffs difficult to define. Instead, LRR may best be used as predictor of symptom development and severity. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the associations between LOC and outcomes after mTBI in humans and between LRR and outcomes after experimental TBI in rodents. In clinical literature, LOC following mTBI is associated with various adverse outcome measures, such as cognitive and memory deficits; psychiatric disorders; physical symptoms; and brain abnormalities associated with the aforementioned impairments. In preclinical studies, longer LRR following TBI is associated with greater motor and sensorimotor impairments; cognitive and memory impairments; peripheral and neuropathology; and physiologic abnormalities. Because of the similarities in associations, LRR in experimental TBI models may serve as a useful proxy for LOC to contribute to the ongoing development of evidence-based personalized treatment strategies for patients sustaining head trauma. Analysis of highly symptomatic rodents may shed light on the biological underpinnings of symptom development after rodent TBI, which may translate to therapeutic targets for mTBI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Berman
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Haley Spencer
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Martin Boese
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sharon Kim
- F. E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kennett Radford
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kwang Choi
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- F. E. Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Liu Y, Wang C, Pi Z, Wang T, Zhang C, Cai J. Research on the Potential Biomarkers of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: a Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03350-7. [PMID: 37103686 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Reliable diagnostic methods for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are lacking, and many researchers continue to search for objective biomarkers that can both define and detect mTBI. Although much research has been conducted in this field, there have not been many bibliometric studies. In this study, we aim to analyze the development over the last two decades in scientific output relating to the diagnosis of mTBI. To do this, we extracted documents from Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase and performed descriptive analysis (number of publications, primary journals, authors, and countries/regions), trend topics analysis, and citation analysis for papers across the globe, with a particular focus on molecular markers. One thousand twenty-three publications spanning 390 journals were identified on Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase for the period from 2000 to 2022. The number of publications increased every year (from 2 in 2000 to 137 in 2022). Of all the publications we analyzed, 58.7% had authors from the USA. Our analysis shows that molecular markers are the most studied markers in the field of mTBI diagnostics, accounting for 28.4% of all publications, and that the number of studies focused on this specific aspect has increased sharply in the past 5 years, indicating that molecular markers may become a research trend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Liu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chudong Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyun Pi
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Jifeng Cai
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Ye C, Behnke JA, Hardin KR, Zheng JQ. Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study age and sex differences in brain injury and neurodegeneration after mild head trauma. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1150694. [PMID: 37077318 PMCID: PMC10106652 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1150694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive physical insults to the head, including those that elicit mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), are a known risk factor for a variety of neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Although most individuals who sustain mTBI typically achieve a seemingly full recovery within a few weeks, a subset experience delayed-onset symptoms later in life. As most mTBI research has focused on the acute phase of injury, there is an incomplete understanding of mechanisms related to the late-life emergence of neurodegeneration after early exposure to mild head trauma. The recent adoption of Drosophila-based brain injury models provides several unique advantages over existing preclinical animal models, including a tractable framework amenable to high-throughput assays and short relative lifespan conducive to lifelong mechanistic investigation. The use of flies also provides an opportunity to investigate important risk factors associated with neurodegenerative conditions, specifically age and sex. In this review, we survey current literature that examines age and sex as contributing factors to head trauma-mediated neurodegeneration in humans and preclinical models, including mammalian and Drosophila models. We discuss similarities and disparities between human and fly in aging, sex differences, and pathophysiology. Finally, we highlight Drosophila as an effective tool for investigating mechanisms underlying head trauma-induced neurodegeneration and for identifying therapeutic targets for treatment and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtian Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joseph A. Behnke
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Katherine R. Hardin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - James Q. Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Boyko M, Gruenbaum BF, Frank D, Natanel D, Negev S, Azab AN, Barsky G, Knyazer B, Kofman O, Zlotnik A. The Integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier as a Critical Factor for Regulating Glutamate Levels in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065897. [PMID: 36982969 PMCID: PMC10056818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy blood-brain barrier (BBB) shields the brain from high concentrations of blood glutamate, which can cause neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. It is believed that traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes long-term BBB disruption, subsequently increasing brain glutamate in the blood, in addition to increased glutamate resulting from the neuronal injury. Here, we investigate the relationship between blood and brain glutamate levels in the context of BBB permeability. Rats exposed to BBB disruption through an osmotic model or TBI and treated with intravenous glutamate or saline were compared to control rats with an intact BBB treated with intravenous glutamate or saline. After BBB disruption and glutamate administration, the concentrations of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood and brain tissue were analyzed. The results showed a strong correlation between the brain and blood glutamate concentrations in the groups with BBB disruption. We conclude that a healthy BBB protects the brain from high levels of blood glutamate, and the permeability of the BBB is a vital component in regulating levels of glutamate in the brain. These findings bring a new approach to treating the consequences of TBI and other diseases where long-term disruption of the BBB is the central mechanism of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Dmitry Natanel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Shahar Negev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Abed N Azab
- Department of Nursing, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Guy Barsky
- Department of Surgery B, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Boris Knyazer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Ora Kofman
- Department of Psychology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
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Fox LC, Scholl JL, Watt MJ, Forster GL. GABA A Receptor and Serotonin Transporter Expression Changes Dissociate Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Influence of Sex and Estrus Cycle Phase in Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 514:38-55. [PMID: 36736883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mild TBIs) can affect both males and females, but females are more likely to report long-term psychological complications, including changes in mood and generalized anxiety. Additionally, reproductive cycle phase has been shown to affect mild TBI symptom expression within females. These variances may result from sex differences in mild TBI-induced alterations to neurotransmission in brain regions that influence mood and emotion, possibly mediated by sex steroids. The hippocampus and amygdala are implicated in stress responses and anxiety, and within these regions, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin modulate output and behavioral expression. Metabolites of progesterone can allosterically enhance GABAergic signaling, and sex steroids are suggested to regulate the expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT). To determine how mild TBI might alter GABA receptor and SERT expression in males and females, immunocytochemistry was used to quantify expression of the alpha-1 subunit of the GABAA receptor (α1-GABAA), SERT, and a neuronal marker (NeuN) in the brains of adult male and naturally-cycling female rats, both with and without mild TBI, 17 days after injury. Mild TBI altered the expression of α1-GABAA in the amygdala and hippocampus in both sexes, but the direction of change observed depended on sex and reproductive cycle phase. In contrast, mild TBI had little effect on SERT expression. However, SERT expression differed between sexes and varied with the cycle phase. These findings demonstrate that regulation of neurotransmission following mild TBI differs between males and females, with implications for behavioral outcomes and the efficacy of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Fox
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Jamie L Scholl
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine at the University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St, Vermillion, SD, USA.
| | - Michael J Watt
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Gina L Forster
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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Mohammed FS, Omay SB, Sheth KN, Zhou J. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery for the treatment of traumatic brain injury. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:55-73. [PMID: 36420918 PMCID: PMC9983310 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) impact the breadth of society and remain without any approved pharmacological treatments. Despite successful Phase II clinical trials, the failure of many Phase III clinical trials may be explained by insufficient drug targeting and retention, preventing the proper attainment of an observable dosage threshold. To address this challenge, nanoparticles can be functionalized to protect pharmacological payloads, improve targeted drug delivery to sites of injury, and can be combined with supportive scaffolding to improve secondary outcomes. AREAS COVERED This review briefly covers the pathophysiology of TBIs and their subtypes, the current pre-clinical and clinical management strategies, explores the common models of focal, diffuse, and mixed traumatic brain injury employed in experimental animals, and surveys the existing literature on nanoparticles developed to treat TBIs. EXPERT OPINION Nanoparticles are well suited to improve secondary outcomes as their multifunctionality and customizability enhance their potential for efficient targeted delivery, payload protection, increased brain penetration, low off-target toxicity, and biocompatibility in both acute and chronic timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah S. Mohammed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sacit Bulent Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Cramer SW, Haley SP, Popa LS, Carter RE, Scott E, Flaherty EB, Dominguez J, Aronson JD, Sabal L, Surinach D, Chen CC, Kodandaramaiah SB, Ebner TJ. Wide-field calcium imaging reveals widespread changes in cortical functional connectivity following mild traumatic brain injury in the mouse. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105943. [PMID: 36476979 PMCID: PMC9972226 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
>2.5 million individuals in the United States suffer mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) annually. Mild TBI is characterized by a brief period of altered consciousness, without objective findings of anatomic injury on clinical imaging or physical deficit on examination. Nevertheless, a subset of mTBI patients experience persistent subjective symptoms and repeated mTBI can lead to quantifiable neurological deficits, suggesting that each mTBI alters neurophysiology in a deleterious manner not detected using current clinical methods. To better understand these effects, we performed mesoscopic Ca2+ imaging in mice to evaluate how mTBI alters patterns of neuronal interactions across the dorsal cerebral cortex. Spatial Independent Component Analysis (sICA) and Localized semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (LocaNMF) were used to quantify changes in cerebral functional connectivity (FC). Repetitive, mild, controlled cortical impacts induce temporary neuroinflammatory responses, characterized by increased density of microglia exhibiting de-ramified morphology. These temporary neuro-inflammatory changes were not associated with compromised cognitive performance in the Barnes maze or motor function as assessed by rotarod. However, long-term alterations in functional connectivity (FC) were observed. Widespread, bilateral changes in FC occurred immediately following impact and persisted for up to 7 weeks, the duration of the experiment. Network alterations include decreases in global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and nodal strength, thereby disrupting functional interactions and information flow throughout the dorsal cerebral cortex. A subnetwork analysis shows the largest disruptions in FC were concentrated near the impact site. Therefore, mTBI induces a transient neuroinflammation, without alterations in cognitive or motor behavior, and a reorganized cortical network evidenced by the widespread, chronic alterations in cortical FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Cramer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel P Haley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laurentiu S Popa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Russell E Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Earl Scott
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Evelyn B Flaherty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Judith Dominguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Justin D Aronson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Luke Sabal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel Surinach
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhang Y, Lu J, Li D. Sirt1 attenuates astrocyte activation via modulating Dnajb1 and chaperone-mediated autophagy after closed head injury. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5191-5205. [PMID: 35106540 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicates that Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is involved in macroautophagy by upregulating light chain 3 (LC3) expression in astrocyte to exert a neuroprotective effect. Chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA), another form of autophagy, is also upregulated after brain injury. However, little is known about the role of Sirt1 in regulation of the CMA. In the present study, an in vivo model of closed head injury (CHI) and an in vitro model of primary cortical astrocyte stimulated with interleukin-1β were employed to mimic the astrocyte activation induced by traumatic brain injury. Lentivirus carrying target complementary DNA (cDNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequence was used to overexpress Sirt1 or knockdown DnaJ heat shock protein family member B1 (Dnajb1) (a molecular chaperone). We found that Sirt1 overexpression ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced tissue loss, and attenuated astrocyte activation after CHI, which was reversed by Dnajb1-shRNA administration. The upregulation of CMA activity induced by CHI in vivo and in vitro was inhibited after Dnajb1 knockdown. Sirt1 potently promoted CMA activity via upregulating Dnajb1 expression. Mechanically, Sirt1 could interact with Dnajb1 and modulate the deacetylation and ubiquitination of Dnajb1. These findings collectively suggest that Sirt1 plays a protective role against astrocyte activation, which may be associated with the regulation of the CMA activity via modulating the deacetylation and ubiquitination of Dnajb1 after CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
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Development of a Weight Drop Injury Device Suitable for Blunt, Closed-Head Injury Using a Rodent Model. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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40
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Clay AM, Carr R, Dubien J, To F. Short-term behavioral and histological changes in a rodent model of mild traumatic brain injury. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Fronczak KM, Roberts A, Svirsky S, Parry M, Holets E, Henchir J, Dixon CE, Carlson SW. Assessment of behavioral, neuroinflammatory, and histological responses in a model of rat repetitive mild fluid percussion injury at 2 weeks post-injury. Front Neurol 2022; 13:945735. [PMID: 36341117 PMCID: PMC9630846 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.945735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) is a prominent public health concern, with linkage to debilitating chronic sequelae. Developing reliable and well-characterized preclinical models of rmTBI is imperative in the investigation of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, as models can have varying parameters, affecting the overall pathology of the resulting injury. The lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) model is a reliable and frequently used method of TBI replication in rodent subjects, though it is currently relatively underutilized in rmTBI research. In this study, we have performed a novel description of a variation of the lateral repetitive mild FPI (rmFPI) model, showing the graded acute behavioral impairment and histopathology occurring in response to one, two or four mild FPI (1.25 atm) or sham surgeries, implemented 24h apart. Beam walking performance revealed significant motor impairment in injured animals, with dysfunction increasing with additional injury. Based upon behavioral responses and histological observations, we further investigated the subacute pathophysiological outcomes of the dual FPI (dFPI). Immunoreactivity assessments showed that dFPI led to regionally-specific reductions in the post-synaptic protein neurogranin and increased subcortical white matter staining of the presynaptic protein synaptophysin at 2 weeks following dFPI. Immunohistochemical assessments of the microglial marker Iba-1 showed a striking increase in in several brain regions, and assessment of the astrocytic marker GFAP showed significantly increased immunoreactivity in the subcortical white matter and thalamus. With this study, we have provided a novel account of the subacute post injury outcomes occurring in response to a rmFPI utilizing these injury and frequency parameters, and thereby also demonstrating the reliability of the lateral FPI model in rmTBI replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Roberts
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Svirsky
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Madison Parry
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erik Holets
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeremy Henchir
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - C. Edward Dixon
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shaun W. Carlson
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Frias ES, Hoseini MS, Krukowski K, Paladini MS, Grue K, Ureta G, Rienecker KDA, Walter P, Stryker MP, Rosi S. Aberrant cortical spine dynamics after concussive injury are reversed by integrated stress response inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209427119. [PMID: 36227915 PMCID: PMC9586300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209427119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term neurological disability in the world and the strongest environmental risk factor for the development of dementia. Even mild TBI (resulting from concussive injuries) is associated with a greater than twofold increase in the risk of dementia onset. Little is known about the cellular mechanisms responsible for the progression of long-lasting cognitive deficits. The integrated stress response (ISR), a phylogenetically conserved pathway involved in the cellular response to stress, is activated after TBI, and inhibition of the ISR-even weeks after injury-can reverse behavioral and cognitive deficits. However, the cellular mechanisms by which ISR inhibition restores cognition are unknown. Here, we used longitudinal two-photon imaging in vivo after concussive injury in mice to study dendritic spine dynamics in the parietal cortex, a brain region involved in working memory. Concussive injury profoundly altered spine dynamics measured up to a month after injury. Strikingly, brief pharmacological treatment with the drug-like small-molecule ISR inhibitor ISRIB entirely reversed structural changes measured in the parietal cortex and the associated working memory deficits. Thus, both neural and cognitive consequences of concussive injury are mediated in part by activation of the ISR and can be corrected by its inhibition. These findings suggest that targeting ISR activation could serve as a promising approach to the clinical treatment of chronic cognitive deficits after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma S. Frias
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mahmood S. Hoseini
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Karen Krukowski
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Maria Serena Paladini
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Katherine Grue
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Gonzalo Ureta
- Department of Translational Research, Protein Folding and Disease Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, 7750000, Chile
| | - Kira D. A. Rienecker
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- HHMI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Michael P. Stryker
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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43
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Palacios EM, Yuh EL, Mac Donald CL, Bourla I, Wren-Jarvis J, Sun X, Vassar MJ, Diaz-Arrastia R, Giacino JT, Okonkwo DO, Robertson CS, Stein MB, Temkin N, McCrea MA, Levin HS, Markowitz AJ, Jain S, Manley GT, Mukherjee P. Diffusion Tensor Imaging Reveals Elevated Diffusivity of White Matter Microstructure that Is Independently Associated with Long-Term Outcome after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1318-1328. [PMID: 35579949 PMCID: PMC9529303 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) literature on single-center studies contains conflicting results regarding acute effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on white matter (WM) microstructure and the prognostic significance. This larger-scale multi-center DTI study aimed to determine how acute mTBI affects WM microstructure over time and how early WM changes affect long-term outcome. From Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI), a cohort study at 11 United States level 1 trauma centers, a total of 391 patients with acute mTBI ages 17 to 60 years were included and studied at two weeks and six months post-injury. Demographically matched friends or family of the participants were the control group (n = 148). Axial diffusivity (AD), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were the measures of WM microstructure. The primary outcome was the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) score of injury-related functional limitations across broad life domains at six months post-injury. The AD, MD, and RD were higher and FA was lower in mTBI versus friend control (FC) at both two weeks and six months post-injury throughout most major WM tracts of the cerebral hemispheres. In the mTBI group, AD and, to a lesser extent, MD decreased in WM from two weeks to six months post-injury. At two weeks post-injury, global WM AD and MD were both independently associated with six-month incomplete recovery (GOSE <8 vs = 8) even after accounting for demographic, clinical, and other imaging factors. DTI provides reliable imaging biomarkers of dynamic WM microstructural changes after mTBI that have utility for patient selection and treatment response in clinical trials. Continued technological advances in the sensitivity, specificity, and precision of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging hold promise for routine clinical application in mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Palacios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Esther L. Yuh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Ioanna Bourla
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jamie Wren-Jarvis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mary J. Vassar
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph T. Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David O. Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Murray B. Stein
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nancy Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael A. McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Harvey S. Levin
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy J. Markowitz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sonia Jain
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey T. Manley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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44
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Macheda T, Roberts K, Bachstetter AD. Electromagnetic Controlled Closed-Head Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64556. [PMID: 36279529 PMCID: PMC10550048 DOI: 10.3791/64556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly reproducible animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with well-defined pathologies, are needed for testing therapeutic interventions and understanding the mechanisms of how a TBI alters brain function. The availability of multiple animal models of TBI is necessary to model the different aspects and severities of TBI seen in people. This manuscript describes the use of a midline closed head injury (CHI) to develop a mouse model of mild TBI. The model is considered mild because it does not produce structural brain lesions based on neuroimaging or gross neuronal loss. However, a single impact creates enough pathology that cognitive impairment is measurable at least 1 month after injury. A step-by-step protocol to induce a CHI in mice using a stereotaxically guided electromagnetic impactor is defined in the paper. The benefits of the mild midline CHI model include the reproducibility of the injury-induced changes with low mortality. The model has been temporally characterized up to 1 year after the injury for neuroimaging, neurochemical, neuropathological, and behavioral changes. The model is complementary to open skull models of controlled cortical impact using the same impactor device. Thus, labs can model both mild diffuse TBI and focal moderate-to-severe TBI with the same impactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Macheda
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky
| | - Kelly Roberts
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky
| | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky; Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky;
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45
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Alexandris AS, Wang Y, Frangakis CE, Lee Y, Ryu J, Alam Z, Koliatsos VE. Long-Term Changes in Axon Calibers after Injury: Observations on the Mouse Corticospinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7391. [PMID: 35806394 PMCID: PMC9266552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter pathology is common across a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. Characterizing this pathology is important for both a mechanistic understanding of neurological diseases as well as for the development of neuroimaging biomarkers. Although axonal calibers can vary by orders of magnitude, they are tightly regulated and related to neuronal function, and changes in axon calibers have been reported in several diseases and their models. In this study, we utilize the impact acceleration model of traumatic brain injury (IA-TBI) to assess early and late changes in the axon diameter distribution (ADD) of the mouse corticospinal tract using Airyscan and electron microscopy. We find that axon calibers follow a lognormal distribution whose parameters significantly change after injury. While IA-TBI leads to 30% loss of corticospinal axons by day 7 with a bias for larger axons, at 21 days after injury we find a significant redistribution of axon frequencies that is driven by a reduction in large-caliber axons in the absence of detectable degeneration. We postulate that changes in ADD features may reflect a functional adaptation of injured neural systems. Moreover, we find that ADD features offer an accurate way to discriminate between injured and non-injured mice. Exploring injury-related ADD signatures by histology or new emerging neuroimaging modalities may offer a more nuanced and comprehensive way to characterize white matter pathology and may also have the potential to generate novel biomarkers of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S. Alexandris
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | | | - Youngrim Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | - Jiwon Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zahra Alam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
| | - Vassilis E. Koliatsos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (J.R.); (Z.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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46
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Kumar MP, Rajput R, Ralta A, Quintans-Júnior LJ, C Gutierrez SJ, Barbosa-Filho JM, Shekhawat D, Radotra BD, Gupta SK, Medhi B. Evaluation of Progesterone Receptor Antagonist and Maxi-K Channel Agonist as Neuroprotective in Feeney's Weight Drop Model of TBI. Neurol India 2022; 70:1601-1609. [PMID: 36076665 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.355164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an unmet medical need. Objective We evaluated two agents, aglepristone (progesterone receptor antagonist) and N-salicyloyltryptamine (STP) (activator of Maxi-K channel in GH3 cells), for neuroprotection in Feeney's weight drop model of TBI. Material and Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 8 per group). A battery of six neurobehavioral tests was evaluated at the end of the first week (EO1W), second week (EO2W), and third week (EO3W). In addition, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (BAX, Bcl-2, and M30 Cytodeath) tests were performed at EO3W. Results Aglepristone at 10 mg/kg showed significant neuroprotection compared to control as assessed by Rota-rod test at EO1W, VEFP right paw and 28-point neurobehavioral test at EO2W, MWM test at EO3W, and positive histopathological and IHC findings. Aglepristone at 20 mg/kg showed negative results as assessed by BAX expression, downregulation of Bcl-2, and positive M30 Cytodeath, thereby suggesting toxicity at higher doses. STP 100 mg/kg showed modest neuroprotective activity but failed to show a dose-response relationship at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Conclusion The study shows that progesterone receptor antagonists have neuroprotection at lower doses and toxicity at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rohit Rajput
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Arti Ralta
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Stanley J C Gutierrez
- Ph.D., Coordination of Pharmacy-Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | | | - Devendra Shekhawat
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - B D Radotra
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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47
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Boyko M, Gruenbaum BF, Shelef I, Zvenigorodsky V, Severynovska O, Binyamin Y, Knyazer B, Frenkel A, Frank D, Zlotnik A. Traumatic brain injury-induced submissive behavior in rats: link to depression and anxiety. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:239. [PMID: 35672289 PMCID: PMC9174479 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people worldwide, many of whom are affected with post-TBI mood disorders or behavioral changes, including aggression or social withdrawal. Diminished functionality can persist for decades after TBI and delay rehabilitation and resumption of employment. It has been established that there is a relationship between these mental disorders and brain injury. However, the etiology and causal relationships behind these conditions are poorly understood. Rodent models provide a helpful tool for researching mood disorders and social impairment due to their natural tendencies to form social hierarchies. Here, we present a rat model of mental complications after TBI using a suite of behavioral tests to examine the causal relationships between changes in social behavior, including aggressive, hierarchical, depressive, and anxious behavior. For this purpose, we used multivariate analysis to identify causal relationships between the above post-TBI psychiatric sequelae. We performed statistical analysis using principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and correlation analysis, and built a model to predict dominant-submissive behavior based on the behavioral tests. This model displayed a predictive accuracy of 93.3% for determining dominant-submissive behavior in experimental groups. Machine learning algorithms determined that in rats, aggression is not a principal prognostic factor for dominant-submissive behavior. Alternatively, dominant-submissive behavior is determined solely by the rats' depressive-anxious state and exploratory activity. We expect the causal approach used in this study will guide future studies into mood conditions and behavioral changes following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
| | - Benjamin F Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Vladislav Zvenigorodsky
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Olena Severynovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of the Faculty of Biology and Ecology Oles Gonchar of the Dnipro National University, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Yair Binyamin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Boris Knyazer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Amit Frenkel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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48
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Navratilova E, Oyarzo J, Anderson T, Broide RS, Subramaniam SR, Vazquez-Cintron EJ, Brin MF, Schwedt TJ, Dodick DW, Porreca F. Preclinical assessment of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of mild traumatic brain injury-related acute and persistent post-traumatic headache. Cephalalgia 2022; 42:1194-1206. [PMID: 35546268 PMCID: PMC9535972 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221099841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Investigation of onabotulinumtoxinA in a murine model of acute and persistent post-traumatic headache. Methods Mild traumatic brain injury was induced with a weight drop method. Periorbital and hindpaw cutaneous allodynia were measured for 14 days. Mice were then exposed to bright light stress and allodynia was reassessed. OnabotulinumtoxinA (0.5 U) was injected subcutaneously over the cranial sutures at different post-injury time points. Results After milt traumatic brain injury, mice exhibited periorbital and hindpaw allodynia that lasted for approximately 14 days. Allodynia could be reinstated on days 14–67 by exposure to stress only in previously injured mice. OnabotulinumtoxinA administration at 2 h after mild traumatic brain injury fully blocked both transient acute and stress-induced allodynia up to day 67. When administered 72 h post-mild traumatic brain injury, onabotulinumtoxinA reversed acute allodynia, but only partially prevented stress-induced allodynia. OnabotulinumtoxinA administration at day 12, when initial allodynia was largely resolved, produced incomplete and transient prevention of stress-induced allodynia. The degree of acute allodynia correlated positively with subsequent stress-induced allodynia. Conclusion Mild traumatic brain injury induced transient headache-like pain followed by long lasting sensitization and persistent vulnerability to a normally innocuous stress stimulus, respectively modeling acute and persistent post-traumatic headache.. Administration of onabotulinumtoxinA following the resolution of acute post-traumatic headache diminished persistent post-traumatic headache but the effects were transient, suggesting that underlying persistent mild traumatic brain injury-induced maladaptations were not reversed. In contrast, early onabotulinumtoxinA administration fully blocked both acute post-traumatic headache as well as the transition to persistent post-traumatic headache suggesting prevention of neural adaptations that promote vulnerability to headache-like pain. Additionally, the degree of acute post-traumatic headache was predictive of risk of persistent post-traumatic headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Trent Anderson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mitchell F Brin
- Allergan Aesthetics, an AbbVie Company, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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49
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Kamal SR, Potukutchi S, Gelovani DJ, Bonomi RE, Kallakuri S, Cavanaugh JM, Mangner T, Conti A, Liu RS, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Sidman RL, Perrine SA, Gelovani JG. Spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa following mild traumatic brain injury in adult rats. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1683-1693. [PMID: 35027678 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity and adaptive responses to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is gaining increased recognition. TBI-induced neurodegeneration is associated with several changes in the expression-activity of various epigenetic regulatory enzymes, including histone deacetylases (HDACs). In this study, PET/CT with 6-([18F]trifluoroacetamido)-1- hexanoicanilide ([18F]TFAHA) to image spatial and temporal dynamics of HDACs class IIa expression-activity in brains of adult rats subjected to a weight drop model of diffuse, non-penetrating, mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The mTBI model was validated by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of brain tissue sections for localization and magnitude of expression of heat-shock protein-70 kDa (HSP70), amyloid precursor protein (APP), cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2), ionized calcium-binding adapter protein-1 (IBA1), histone deacetylase-4 and -5 (HDAC4 and HDAC5). In comparison to baseline, the expression-activities of HDAC4 and HDAC5 were downregulated in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, peri-3rd ventricular part of the thalamus, and substantia nigra at 1-3 days post mTBI, and remained low at 7-8 days post mTBI. Reduced levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 expression observed in neurons of these brain regions post mTBI were associated with the reduced nuclear and neuropil levels of HDAC4 and HDAC5 with the shift to perinuclear localization of these enzymes. These results support the rationale for the development of therapeutic strategies to upregulate expression-activity of HDACs class IIa post-TBI. PET/CT (MRI) with [18F]TFAHA can facilitate the development and clinical translation of unique therapeutic approaches to upregulate the expression and activity of HDACs class IIa enzymes in the brain after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatabdi R Kamal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Shreya Potukutchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David J Gelovani
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robin E Bonomi
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Srinivasu Kallakuri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - John M Cavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thomas Mangner
- Cyclotron-Radiochemistry Facility, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Alana Conti
- Research and Development Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery and Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Richard L Sidman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Frank D, Gruenbaum BF, Shelef I, Zvenigorodsky V, Severynovska O, Gal R, Dubilet M, Zlotnik A, Kofman O, Boyko M. Blood Glutamate Scavenging With Pyruvate as a Novel Preventative and Therapeutic Approach for Depressive-Like Behavior Following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:832478. [PMID: 35237125 PMCID: PMC8883046 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.832478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both depression and TBI have independently been associated with pathologically elevated extracellular brain glutamate levels. In the setting of TBI, blood glutamate scavenging with pyruvate has been widely shown as an effective method to provide neuroprotection by reducing blood glutamate and subsequent brain glutamate levels. Here we evaluate pyruvate as a novel approach in the treatment and prevention of post-TBI depression-like behavior in a rat model. Rats were divided into five groups: (1) sham-operated control with pyruvate, (2) sham-operated control with placebo, (3) post-TBI with placebo, (4) post-TBI given preventative pyruvate, and (5) post-TBI treated with pyruvate. These groups had an equal number of females and males. Rats were assessed for depressive-like behavior, neurological status, and glutamate levels in the blood and brain. Post-TBI neurological deficits with concurrent elevations in glutamate levels were demonstrated, with peak glutamate levels 24 h after TBI. Following TBI, the administration of either prophylactic or therapeutic pyruvate led to reduced glutamate levels, improved neurologic recovery, and improved depressive-like behavior. Glutamate scavenging with pyruvate may be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic option for post-TBI depression by reducing associated elevations in brain glutamate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Frank
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Benjamin F. Gruenbaum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Vladislav Zvenigorodsky
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Olena Severynovska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Ecology and Medicine, Dnepropetrovsk State University, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - Ron Gal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Dubilet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Ora Kofman
- Department of Psychology, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Matthew Boyko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- *Correspondence: Matthew Boyko,
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