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Kalogirou EM, Lekakis G, Petroulias A, Chavdoulas K, Zogopoulos VL, Michalopoulos I, Tosios KI. The Stem Cell Expression Profile of Odontogenic Tumors and Cysts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1735. [PMID: 37761874 PMCID: PMC10531260 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells have been associated with self-renewing and plasticity and have been investigated in various odontogenic lesions in association with their pathogenesis and biological behavior. We aim to provide a systematic review of stem cell markers' expression in odontogenic tumors and cysts. METHODS The literature was searched through the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE via OVID, Web of Science, and CINHAL via EBSCO databases for original studies evaluating stem cell markers' expression in different odontogenic tumors/cysts, or an odontogenic disease group and a control group. The studies' risk of bias (RoB) was assessed via a Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Meta-analysis was conducted for markers evaluated in the same pair of odontogenic tumors/cysts in at least two studies. RESULTS 29 studies reported the expression of stem cell markers, e.g., SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, CD44, ALDH1, BMI1, and CD105, in various odontogenic lesions, through immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, microarrays, and RNA-sequencing. Low, moderate, and high RoBs were observed in seven, nine, and thirteen studies, respectively. Meta-analysis revealed a remarkable discriminative ability of SOX2 for ameloblastic carcinomas or odontogenic keratocysts over ameloblastomas. CONCLUSION Stem cells might be linked to the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of odontogenic pathologies and represent a potential target for future individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Marina Kalogirou
- Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Metropolitan College, 10672 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Lekakis
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (K.I.T.)
| | - Aristodimos Petroulias
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (K.I.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Chavdoulas
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (K.I.T.)
| | - Vasileios L. Zogopoulos
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Michalopoulos
- Centre of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (V.L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Tosios
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.L.); (A.P.); (K.C.); (K.I.T.)
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Wieder R. Fibroblasts as Turned Agents in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072014. [PMID: 37046676 PMCID: PMC10093070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated epithelial cells reside in the homeostatic microenvironment of the native organ stroma. The stroma supports their normal function, their G0 differentiated state, and their expansion/contraction through the various stages of the life cycle and physiologic functions of the host. When malignant transformation begins, the microenvironment tries to suppress and eliminate the transformed cells, while cancer cells, in turn, try to resist these suppressive efforts. The tumor microenvironment encompasses a large variety of cell types recruited by the tumor to perform different functions, among which fibroblasts are the most abundant. The dynamics of the mutual relationship change as the sides undertake an epic battle for control of the other. In the process, the cancer “wounds” the microenvironment through a variety of mechanisms and attracts distant mesenchymal stem cells to change their function from one attempting to suppress the cancer, to one that supports its growth, survival, and metastasis. Analogous reciprocal interactions occur as well between disseminated cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment, where the microenvironment attempts to eliminate cancer cells or suppress their proliferation. However, the altered microenvironmental cells acquire novel characteristics that support malignant progression. Investigations have attempted to use these traits as targets of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Amorós MA, Choi ES, Cofré AR, Dokholyan NV, Duzzioni M. Motor neuron-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as a drug screening platform for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:962881. [PMID: 36105357 PMCID: PMC9467621 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.962881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell culture models that recapitulate the etiology and features of nervous system diseases is central to the discovery of new drugs and their translation onto therapies. Neuronal tissues are inaccessible due to skeletal constraints and the invasiveness of the procedure to obtain them. Thus, the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers the opportunity to model different neuronal pathologies. Our focus centers on iPSCs derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, whose pathology remains in urgent need of new drugs and treatment. In this sense, we aim to revise the process to obtain motor neurons derived iPSCs (iPSC-MNs) from patients with ALS as a drug screening model, review current 3D-models and offer a perspective on bioinformatics as a powerful tool that can aid in the progress of finding new pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Amorós
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esther S. Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Axel R. Cofré
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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4
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Kalogirou EM, Foutadakis S, Koutsi MA, Vatsellas G, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Petsinis V, Sklavounou A, Agelopoulos M, Tosios KI. Decoding a gene expression program that accompanies the phenotype of sporadic and Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome-associated odontogenic keratocyst. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:649-658. [PMID: 35665542 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is characterized by local aggressive behavior and a high recurrence rate, as well as the potential to develop in association with the Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (BCNS). The aim of this study was to decode the gene expression program accompanying OKC phenotype. METHODS 150-bp paired-end RNA-sequencing was applied on 6 sporadic and 6 BSCN-associated whole-tissue OKC samples in comparison to 6 dental follicles, coupled to bioinformatics and complemented by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS 2,654 and 2,427 differentially expressed genes were captured to characterize the transcriptome of sporadic and BCNS-associated OKCs, respectively. Gene ontologies (GOs) related to "epidermis/skin development" and "keratinocyte/epidermal cell differentiation" were enriched among the upregulated genes (KRT10, NCCRP1, TP63, GRHL3, SOX21), while "extracellular matrix (ECM) organization" (ITGA5, LOXL2) and "odontogenesis" (MSX1, LHX8) GOs were overrepresented among the downregulated genes in OKC. Interestingly, upregulation of various embryonic stem cells (ESCs) markers (EPHA1, SCNN1A) and genes committed in cellular reprogramming (SOX2, KLF4, OVOL1, IRF6, TACSTD2, CDH1) was found in OKC. These findings were highly shared between sporadic and BCNS-associated OKCs. Immunohistochemistry verified SOX2, KLF4, OVOL1, IRF6, TACSTD2/TROP2, CDH1/E-cadherin, and p63 expression predominantly in the OKC suprabasal epithelial layers. CONCLUSION The OKC transcriptomic profile is characterized by a prominent epidermal and dental epithelial fate, a repressed dental mesenchyme fate combined with deregulated ECM organization, and enhanced stemness gene signatures. Thus, we propose a developed epidermis-like phenotype in the OKC suprabasal epithelial cells, established in parallel to a significant upregulation of marker genes related to ESCs and cellular reprogramming. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Marina Kalogirou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Foutadakis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna A Koutsi
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Petsinis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Sklavounou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Agelopoulos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos I Tosios
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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5
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Arnold F, Mahaddalkar PU, Kraus JM, Zhong X, Bergmann W, Srinivasan D, Gout J, Roger E, Beutel AK, Zizer E, Tharehalli U, Daiss N, Russell R, Perkhofer L, Oellinger R, Lin Q, Azoitei N, Weiss F, Lerch MM, Liebau S, Katz S, Lechel A, Rad R, Seufferlein T, Kestler HA, Ott M, Sharma AD, Hermann PC, Kleger A. Functional Genomic Screening During Somatic Cell Reprogramming Identifies DKK3 as a Roadblock of Organ Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100626. [PMID: 34306986 PMCID: PMC8292873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming and tissue repair share relevant factors and molecular programs. Here, Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is identified as novel factor for organ regeneration using combined transcription-factor-induced reprogramming and RNA-interference techniques. Loss of Dkk3 enhances the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells but does not affect de novo derivation of embryonic stem cells, three-germ-layer differentiation or colony formation capacity of liver and pancreatic organoids. However, DKK3 expression levels in wildtype animals and serum levels in human patients are elevated upon injury. Accordingly, Dkk3-null mice display less liver damage upon acute and chronic failure mediated by increased proliferation in hepatocytes and LGR5+ liver progenitor cell population, respectively. Similarly, recovery from experimental pancreatitis is accelerated. Regeneration onset occurs in the acinar compartment accompanied by virtually abolished canonical-Wnt-signaling in Dkk3-null animals. This results in reduced expression of the Hedgehog repressor Gli3 and increased Hedgehog-signaling activity upon Dkk3 loss. Collectively, these data reveal Dkk3 as a key regulator of organ regeneration via a direct, previously unacknowledged link between DKK3, canonical-Wnt-, and Hedgehog-signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Arnold
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Pallavi U Mahaddalkar
- Institute for Diabetes and RegenerationHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenIngolstädter Landstraße 185764 NeuherbergGermany
| | - Johann M. Kraus
- Institute of Medical Systems BiologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein Allee 1189081 UlmGermany
| | - Xiaowei Zhong
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Wendy Bergmann
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting and Cell AnalysisUniversity Medical Center RostockSchillingallee 7018057 RostockGermany
| | - Dharini Srinivasan
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Johann Gout
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Elodie Roger
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Alica K. Beutel
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Eugen Zizer
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Nora Daiss
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Ronan Russell
- Diabetes CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94143USA
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Rupert Oellinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsTranslaTUM Cancer CenterTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Str. 2281675 MunichGermany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Bayer AG Research & DevelopmentPharmaceuticalsMüllerstraße 17813353 BerlinGermany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Frank‐Ulrich Weiss
- Department of Medicine AUniversity Medicine GreifswaldFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Straße17475 GreifswaldGermany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Medicine AUniversity Medicine GreifswaldFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Straße17475 GreifswaldGermany
- Klinikum der Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München‐GroßhadernMarchioninistraße 1581377 MünchenGermany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology INDBEberhard Karls University TübingenÖsterbergstr. 372074 TübingenGermany
| | - Sarah‐Fee Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsTranslaTUM Cancer CenterTechnical University of MunichIsmaninger Str. 2281675 MunichGermany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Hans A. Kestler
- Institute of Medical Systems BiologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein Allee 1189081 UlmGermany
| | - Michael Ott
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolFeodor‐Lynen‐Str. 730625 HannoverGermany
| | - Patrick C. Hermann
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmAlbert‐Einstein Allee 2389081 UlmGermany
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6
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Assisted Reproductive Technology in Neotropical Deer: A Model Approach to Preserving Genetic Diversity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071961. [PMID: 34209061 PMCID: PMC8300233 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Deer species in the Neotropical region have undergone a decline of their populations. Although conservation of their natural habitat is considered the best way to assist the species, the speed of occupation of these areas and the anthropic actions are so fast that the efforts are, at times, insufficient. As free-living populations decrease, there is a descent in the genetic diversity and an increase in crossbreeding between related individuals (inbreeding). Genetic diversity is essential for survival, since it enables natural selection to occur, providing adaptation and maintenance of the species. To protect the genetic diversity, it is possible to use reproductive techniques and conserve different types of cells, which can be used in the future to reestablish any alleles that have been lost by the populations. Abstract One of the most significant challenges in deer is the ability to maintain genetic diversity, avoiding inbreeding and sustaining population health and reproduction. Although our general knowledge of reproductive physiology is improving, it appears that the application of assisted reproductive technology (ART) will more efficiently advance wildlife conservation efforts and preserve genetic diversity. The purpose of this review is to present the most important results obtained with the use of ART in Neotropical deer. Thus, the state-of-the-art for estrus synchronization, semen technology, artificial insemination, and in vivo embryo production will be presented. In vitro embryo production (IVP) is also a biotechnology that is taking initial steps in deer. In this aspect, the approach with the proteomics of ovarian follicular fluid is being used as a tool for a better understanding of oocyte maturation. Finally, cell banks and the use of interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) as well as the use of stem cells for gametes differentiation are promising techniques.
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7
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LeBleu VS, Neilson EG. Origin and functional heterogeneity of fibroblasts. FASEB J 2020; 34:3519-3536. [PMID: 32037627 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inherent plasticity and resiliency of fibroblasts make this cell type a conventional tool for basic research. But where do they come from, are all fibroblasts the same, and how do they function in disease? The first fibroblast lineages in mammalian development emerge from the ooze of primary mesenchyme during gastrulation. They are cells that efficiently create and negotiate the extracellular matrix of the mesoderm in order to migrate and meet their developmental fate. Mature fibroblasts in epithelial tissues live in the interstitial spaces between basement membranes that spatially delimit complex organ structures. While the function of resident fibroblasts in healthy tissues is largely conjecture, the accumulation of fibroblasts in pathologic lesions offers insight into biologic mechanisms that control their function; fibroblasts are poised to coordinate fibrogenesis in tissue injury, neoplasia, and aging. Here, we examine the developmental origin and plasticity of fibroblasts, their molecular and functional definitions, the epigenetic control underlying their identity and activation, and the evolution of their immune regulatory functions. These topics are reviewed through the lens of fate mapping using genetically engineered mouse models and from the perspective of single-cell RNA sequencing. Recent observations suggest dynamic and heterogeneous functions for fibroblasts that underscore their complex molecular signatures and utility in injured tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric G Neilson
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Romanazzo S, Nemec S, Roohani I. iPSC Bioprinting: Where are We at? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2453. [PMID: 31374871 PMCID: PMC6696162 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a concise review of current 3D bioprinting technologies applied to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). iPSC have recently received a great deal of attention from the scientific and clinical communities for their unique properties, which include abundant adult cell sources, ability to indefinitely self-renew and differentiate into any tissue of the body. Bioprinting of iPSC and iPSC derived cells combined with natural or synthetic biomaterials to fabricate tissue mimicked constructs, has emerged as a technology that might revolutionize regenerative medicine and patient-specific treatment. This review covers the advantages and disadvantages of bioprinting techniques, influence of bioprinting parameters and printing condition on cell viability, and commonly used iPSC sources, and bioinks. A clear distinction is made for bioprinting techniques used for iPSC at their undifferentiated stage or when used as adult stem cells or terminally differentiated cells. This review presents state of the art data obtained from major searching engines, including Pubmed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus, concerning iPSC generation, undifferentiated iPSC, iPSC bioprinting, bioprinting techniques, cartilage, bone, heart, neural tissue, skin, and hepatic tissue cells derived from iPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Romanazzo
- Biomaterials Design and Tissue Engineering Lab, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Nemec
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Iman Roohani
- Biomaterials Design and Tissue Engineering Lab, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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9
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Yin X, Li Y, Li J, Li P, Liu Y, Wen J, Luan Q. Generation and periodontal differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts-derived integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:726-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Verhaar AP, Peppelenbosch MP. Correspondence on "Microgravity Reduces the Differentiation and Regenerative Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells". Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:572-3. [PMID: 26847629 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Auke P Verhaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University of Rottedam , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University of Rottedam , Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Muñoz-López Á, van Roon EHJ, Romero-Moya D, López-Millan B, Stam RW, Colomer D, Nakanishi M, Bueno C, Menendez P. Cellular Ontogeny and Hierarchy Influence the Reprogramming Efficiency of Human B Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:581-7. [PMID: 26850912 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although B cells have been shown to be refractory to reprogramming into pluripotency, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been very recently generated, at very low efficiency, from human cord blood (CB)- and peripheral blood (PB)-derived CD19+CD20 + B cells using nonintegrative tetracistronic OSKM-expressing Sendai Virus (SeV). Here, we addressed whether cell ontogeny and hierarchy influence the reprogramming efficiency of the B-cell compartment. We demonstrate that human fetal liver (FL)-derived CD19 + B cells are 110-fold easier to reprogram into iPSCs than those from CB/PB. Similarly, FL-derived CD34+CD19 + B progenitors are reprogrammed much easier than mature B cells (0.46% vs. 0.11%). All FL B-cell iPSCs carry complete VDJH rearrangements while 55% and 45% of the FL B-progenitor iPSCs carry incomplete and complete VDJH rearrangements, respectively, reflecting the reprogramming of developmentally different B progenitors (pro-B vs. pre-B) within a continuous differentiation process. Finally, our data suggest that successful B-cell reprogramming relies on active cell proliferation, and it is MYC-dependent as identical nonintegrative polycistronic SeV lacking MYC (OSKL or OSKLN) fail to reprogram B cells. The ability to efficiently reprogram human fetal primary B cells and B precursors offers an unprecedented opportunity for studying developmental B-lymphopoiesis and modeling B-cell malignances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Muñoz-López
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC) and School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eddy H J van Roon
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Damià Romero-Moya
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC) and School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén López-Millan
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC) and School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronald W Stam
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Hematopathology Unit, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraka, Japan
| | - Clara Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC) and School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC) and School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Yarygin KN, Lupatov AY, Kholodenko IV. Cell-based therapies of liver diseases: age-related challenges. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1909-24. [PMID: 26664104 PMCID: PMC4671765 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s97926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this review is to revise recent advances of the cell-based therapies of liver diseases with an emphasis on cell donor's and patient's age. Regenerative medicine with cell-based technologies as its integral part is focused on the structural and functional restoration of tissues impaired by sickness or aging. Unlike drug-based medicine directed primarily at alleviation of symptoms, regenerative medicine offers a more holistic approach to disease and senescence management aimed to achieve restoration of homeostasis. Hepatocyte transplantation and organ engineering are very probable forthcoming options of liver disease treatment in people of different ages and vigorous research and technological innovations in this area are in progress. Accordingly, availability of sufficient amounts of functional human hepatocytes is crucial. Direct isolation of autologous hepatocytes from liver biopsy is problematic due to related discomfort and difficulties with further expansion of cells, particularly those derived from aging people. Allogeneic primary human hepatocytes meeting quality standards are also in short supply. Alternatively, autologous hepatocytes can be produced by reprogramming of differentiated cells through the stage of induced pluripotent stem cells. In addition, fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells can be directly induced to undergo advanced stage hepatogenic differentiation. Reprogramming of cells derived from elderly people is accompanied by the reversal of age-associated changes at the cellular level manifesting itself by telomere elongation and the U-turn of DNA methylation. Cell reprogramming can provide high quality rejuvenated hepatocytes for cell therapy and liver tissue engineering. Further technological advancements and establishment of national and global registries of induced pluripotent stem cell lines homozygous for HLA haplotypes can allow industry-style production of livers for immunosuppression-free transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexei Y Lupatov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Ebrahimi B. Reprogramming barriers and enhancers: strategies to enhance the efficiency and kinetics of induced pluripotency. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 4:10. [PMID: 26566431 PMCID: PMC4642739 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-015-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells are powerful tools for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell transplantation therapies. These cells can be generated directly from somatic cells by ectopic expression of defined factors through a reprogramming process. However, pluripotent reprogramming is an inefficient process because of various defined and unidentified barriers. Recent studies dissecting the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming have methodically improved the quality, ease, and efficiency of reprogramming. Different strategies have been applied for enhancing reprogramming efficiency, including depletion/inhibition of barriers (p53, p21, p57, p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf), Mbd3, etc.), overexpression of enhancing genes (e.g., FOXH1, C/EBP alpha, UTF1, and GLIS1), and administration of certain cytokines and small molecules. The current review provides an in-depth overview of the cutting-edge findings regarding distinct barriers of reprogramming to pluripotency and strategies to enhance reprogramming efficiency. By incorporating the mechanistic insights from these recent findings, a combined method of inhibition of roadblocks and application of enhancing factors may yield the most reliable and effective approach in pluripotent reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ebrahimi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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14
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Müller M, Schröer J, Azoitei N, Eiseler T, Bergmann W, Köhntop R, Lin Q, Costa IG, Zenke M, Genze F, Weidgang C, Seufferlein T, Liebau S, Kleger A. A time frame permissive for Protein Kinase D2 activity to direct angiogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11742. [PMID: 26148697 PMCID: PMC4493579 DOI: 10.1038/srep11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase D isoenzymes PKD1/2/3 are prominent downstream targets of PKCs (Protein Kinase Cs) and phospholipase D in various biological systems. Recently, we identified PKD isoforms as novel mediators of tumour cell-endothelial cell communication, tumour cell motility and metastasis. Although PKD isoforms have been implicated in physiological/tumour angiogenesis, a role of PKDs during embryonic development, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis still remains elusive. We investigated the role of PKDs in germ layer segregation and subsequent vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We show that mouse ESCs predominantly express PKD2 followed by PKD3 while PKD1 displays negligible levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PKD2 is specifically phosphorylated/activated at the time of germ layer segregation. Time-restricted PKD2-activation limits mesendoderm formation and subsequent cardiovasculogenesis during early differentiation while leading to branching angiogenesis during late differentiation. In line, PKD2 loss-of-function analyses showed induction of mesendodermal differentiation in expense of the neuroectodermal germ layer. Our in vivo findings demonstrate that embryoid bodies transplanted on chicken chorioallantoic membrane induced an angiogenic response indicating that timed overexpression of PKD2 from day 4 onwards leads to augmented angiogenesis in differentiating ESCs. Taken together, our results describe novel and time-dependent facets of PKD2 during early cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Schröer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wendy Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhntop
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Clair Weidgang
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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15
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A Comparative View on Human Somatic Cell Sources for iPSC Generation. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:768391. [PMID: 25431601 PMCID: PMC4241335 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough of reprogramming human somatic cells was achieved in 2006 by the work of Yamanaka and Takahashi. From this point, fibroblasts are the most commonly used primary somatic cell type for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Various characteristics of fibroblasts supported their utilization for the groundbreaking experiments of iPSC generation. One major advantage is the high availability of fibroblasts which can be easily isolated from skin biopsies. Furthermore, their cultivation, propagation, and cryoconservation properties are uncomplicated with respect to nutritional requirements and viability in culture. However, the required skin biopsy remains an invasive approach, representing a major drawback for using fibroblasts as the starting material. More and more studies appeared over the last years, describing the reprogramming of other human somatic cell types. Cells isolated from blood samples or urine, as well as more unexpected cell types, like pancreatic islet beta cells, synovial cells, or mesenchymal stromal cells from wisdom teeth, show promising characteristics for a reprogramming strategy. Here, we want to highlight the advantages of keratinocytes from human plucked hair as a widely usable, noninvasive harvesting method for primary material in comparison with other commonly used cell types.
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Modelling human channelopathies using induced pluripotent stem cells: a comprehensive review. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:496501. [PMID: 23766769 PMCID: PMC3666272 DOI: 10.1155/2013/496501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) has pioneered the field of regenerative medicine and developmental biology. They can be generated by overexpression of a defined set of transcription factors in somatic cells derived from easily accessible tissues such as skin or plucked hair or even human urine. In case of applying this tool to patients who are classified into a disease group, it enables the generation of a disease- and patient-specific research platform. iPS cells have proven a significant tool to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms in various diseases such as diabetes, blood disorders, defined neurological disorders, and genetic liver disease. One of the first successfully modelled human diseases was long QT syndrome, an inherited cardiac channelopathy which causes potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmia. This review summarizes the efforts of reprogramming various types of long QT syndrome and discusses the potential underlying mechanisms and their application.
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Definitive Endoderm Formation from Plucked Human Hair-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and SK Channel Regulation. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:360573. [PMID: 23710194 PMCID: PMC3654369 DOI: 10.1155/2013/360573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells present an extraordinary powerful tool to investigate embryonic development in humans. Essentially, they provide a unique platform for dissecting the distinct mechanisms underlying pluripotency and subsequent lineage commitment. Modest information currently exists about the expression and the role of ion channels during human embryogenesis, organ development, and cell fate determination. Of note, small and intermediate conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels have been reported to modify stem cell behaviour and differentiation. These channels are broadly expressed throughout human tissues and are involved in various cellular processes, such as the after-hyperpolarization in excitable cells, and also in differentiation processes. To this end, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from plucked human hair keratinocytes have been exploited in vitro to recapitulate endoderm formation and, concomitantly, used to map the expression of the SK channel (SKCa) subtypes over time. Thus, we report the successful generation of definitive endoderm from hiPSCs of ectodermal origin using a highly reproducible and robust differentiation system. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence that SKCas subtypes are dynamically regulated in the transition from a pluripotent stem cell to a more lineage restricted, endodermal progeny.
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18
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Weibull E, Matsui S, Sakai M, Andersson Svahn H, Ohashi T. Microfluidic device for generating a stepwise concentration gradient on a microwell slide for cell analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:64115. [PMID: 24396549 PMCID: PMC3874052 DOI: 10.1063/1.4846435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding biomolecular gradients and their role in biological processes is essential for fully comprehending the underlying mechanisms of cells in living tissue. Conventional in vitro gradient-generating methods are unpredictable and difficult to characterize, owing to temporal and spatial fluctuations. The field of microfluidics enables complex user-defined gradients to be generated based on a detailed understanding of fluidic behavior at the μm-scale. By using microfluidic gradients created by flow, it is possible to develop rapid and dynamic stepwise concentration gradients. However, cells exposed to stepwise gradients can be perturbed by signals from neighboring cells exposed to another concentration. Hence, there is a need for a device that generates a stepwise gradient at discrete and isolated locations. Here, we present a microfluidic device for generating a stepwise concentration gradient, which utilizes a microwell slide's pre-defined compartmentalized structure to physically separate different reagent concentrations. The gradient was generated due to flow resistance in the microchannel configuration of the device, which was designed using hydraulic analogy and theoretically verified by computational fluidic dynamics simulations. The device had two reagent channels and two dilutant channels, leading to eight chambers, each containing 4 microwells. A dose-dependency assay was performed using bovine aortic endothelial cells treated with saponin. High reproducibility between experiments was confirmed by evaluating the number of living cells in a live-dead assay. Our device generates a fully mixed fluid profile using a simple microchannel configuration and could be used in various gradient studies, e.g., screening for cytostatics or antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Weibull
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shunsuke Matsui
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Helene Andersson Svahn
- Division of Proteomics and Nanobiotechnology, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toshiro Ohashi
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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