1
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Cutignano A, Conte M, Tirino V, Del Vecchio V, De Angelis R, Nebbioso A, Altucci L, Romano G. Cytotoxic Potential of the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira rotula: Insights into Bioactivity of 24-Methylene Cholesterol. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100595. [PMID: 36286419 PMCID: PMC9604713 DOI: 10.3390/md20100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are receiving great interest as sustainable sources of bioactive metabolites for health, nutrition and personal care. In the present study, a bioassay-guided screening allowed identifying an enriched fraction from SPE separation of the methanolic extract of the marine diatom Thalassiosira rotula with a chemically heterogeneous composition of cytotoxic molecules, including PUFAs, the terpene phytol, the carotenoid fucoxanthin and the phytosterol 24-methylene cholesterol (24-MChol). In particular, this latter was the object of deep investigation aimed to gain insight into the mechanisms of action activated in two tumour cell models recognised as resistant to chemical treatments, the breast MCF7 and the lung A549 cell lines. The results of our studies revealed that 24-MChol, in line with the most studied β-sitosterol (β-SIT), showed cytotoxic activity in a 3–30 µM range of concentration involving the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, although differences emerged between the two sterols and the two cancer systems when specific targets were investigated (caspase-3, caspase-9, FAS and TRAIL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Akton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-8675313
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vitale Del Vecchio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine and Medical Histology, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto De Angelis
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Akton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania ‘L. Vanvitelli’, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Biogem, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Via Camporeale Area P.I.P., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Akton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
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Miceli M, Maruotti GM, Sarno L, Carbone L, Guida M, Pelagalli A. Preliminary Characterization of the Epigenetic Modulation in the Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Chondrogenic Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179870. [PMID: 36077266 PMCID: PMC9456537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine represents a growing hot topic in biomedical sciences, aiming at setting out novel therapeutic strategies to repair or regenerate damaged tissues and organs. For this perspective, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) play a key role in tissue regeneration, having the potential to differentiate into many cell types, including chondrocytes. Accordingly, in the last few years, researchers have focused on several in vitro strategies to optimize hMSC differentiation protocols, including those relying on epigenetic manipulations that, in turn, lead to the modulation of gene expression patterns. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the role of the class II histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, MC1568, in the hMSCs-derived chondrogenesis. The hMSCs we used for this work were the hMSCs obtained from the amniotic fluid, given their greater differentiation capacity. Our preliminary data documented that MC1568 drove both the improvement and acceleration of hMSCs chondrogenic differentiation in vitro, since the differentiation process in MC1568-treated cells took place in about seven days, much less than that normally observed, namely 21 days. Collectively, these preliminary data might shed light on the validity of such a new differentiative protocol, in order to better assess the potential role of the epigenetic modulation in the process of the hypertrophic cartilage formation, which represents the starting point for endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Miceli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Maria Maruotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Sarno
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.P.)
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3
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Monticelli M, Liguori L, Allocca M, Bosso A, Andreotti G, Lukas J, Monti MC, Morretta E, Cubellis MV, Hay Mele B. Drug Repositioning for Fabry Disease: Acetylsalicylic Acid Potentiates the Stabilization of Lysosomal Alpha-Galactosidase by Pharmacological Chaperones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095105. [PMID: 35563496 PMCID: PMC9105905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is caused by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha galactosidase and has a very large genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. Some patients who carry hypomorphic mutations can benefit from oral therapy with a pharmacological chaperone. The drug requires a very precise regimen because it is a reversible inhibitor of alpha-galactosidase. We looked for molecules that can potentiate this pharmacological chaperone, among drugs that have already been approved for other diseases. We tested candidate molecules in fibroblasts derived from a patient carrying a large deletion in the gene GLA, which were stably transfected with a plasmid expressing hypomorphic mutants. In our cell model, three drugs were able to potentiate the action of the pharmacological chaperone. We focused our attention on one of them, acetylsalicylic acid. We expect that acetylsalicylic acid can be used in synergy with the Fabry disease pharmacological chaperone and prolong its stabilizing effect on alpha-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monticelli
- Department Biology, University of Napoli « Federico II », Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.B.); (B.H.M.)
- Department Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.L.); (M.A.)
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Ludovica Liguori
- Department Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariateresa Allocca
- Department Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (L.L.); (M.A.)
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department Biology, University of Napoli « Federico II », Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.B.); (B.H.M.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Andreotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Jan Lukas
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany;
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Maria Chiara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.C.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Elva Morretta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.C.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Cubellis
- Department Biology, University of Napoli « Federico II », Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.B.); (B.H.M.)
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry ICB, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679152
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Department Biology, University of Napoli « Federico II », Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (A.B.); (B.H.M.)
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Fioravanti R, Tomassi S, Di Bello E, Romanelli A, Plateroti AM, Benedetti R, Conte M, Novellino E, Altucci L, Valente S, Mai A. Properly Substituted Cyclic Bis-(2-bromobenzylidene) Compounds Behaved as Dual p300/CARM1 Inhibitors and Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143122. [PMID: 32650558 PMCID: PMC7397249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bis-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy)benzylidene cyclic compounds have been reported by us as epigenetic multiple ligands, but different substitutions at the two wings provided analogues with selective inhibition. Since the 1-benzyl-3,5-bis((E)-3-bromobenzylidene)piperidin-4-one 3 displayed dual p300/EZH2 inhibition joined to cancer-selective cell death in a panel of tumor cells and in in vivo xenograft models, we prepared a series of bis((E)-2-bromobenzylidene) cyclic compounds 4a–n to test in biochemical (p300, PCAF, SIRT1/2, EZH2, and CARM1) and cellular (NB4, U937, MCF-7, SH-SY5Y) assays. The majority of 4a–n exhibited potent dual p300 and CARM1 inhibition, sometimes reaching the submicromolar level, and induction of apoptosis mainly in the tested leukemia cell lines. The most effective compounds in both enzyme and cellular assays carried a 4-piperidone moiety and a methyl (4d), benzyl (4e), or acyl (4k–m) substituent at N1 position. Elongation of the benzyl portion to 2-phenylethyl (4f) and 3-phenylpropyl (4g) decreased the potency of compounds at both the enzymatic and cellular levels, but the activity was promptly restored by introduction of a ketone group into the phenylalkyl substituent (4h–j). Western blot analyses performed in NB4 and MCF-7 cells on selected compounds confirmed their inhibition of p300 and CARM1 through decrease of the levels of acetyl-H3 and acetyl-H4, marks for p300 inhibition, and of H3R17me2, mark for CARM1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Fioravanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.F.); (E.D.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Bello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.F.); (E.D.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Annalisa Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.F.); (E.D.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrea Maria Plateroti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso–Nesmos, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (R.B.); (M.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (R.B.); (M.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (S.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (R.B.); (M.C.); (L.A.)
| | - Sergio Valente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.F.); (E.D.B.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonello Mai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.F.); (E.D.B.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (A.M.)
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Souto JA, Sarno F, Nebbioso A, Papulino C, Álvarez R, Lombino J, Perricone U, Padova A, Altucci L, de Lera ÁR. A New Family of Jumonji C Domain-Containing KDM Inhibitors Inspired by Natural Product Purpurogallin. Front Chem 2020; 8:312. [PMID: 32523934 PMCID: PMC7261929 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modifications are involved in cancer development. Jumonji C domain-containing histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are found mainly up-regulated in breast, prostate, and colon cancer. Currently, growing interest is focusing on the identification and development of new inhibitors able to block the activity of KDMs and thus reduce tumor progression. KDM4A is known to play a role in several cellular physiological processes, and was recently found overexpressed in a number of pathological states, including cancer. In this work, starting from the structure of purpurogallin 9aa, previously identified as a natural KDM4A inhibitor, we synthesized two main sets of compound derivatives in order to improve their inhibitory activity against KDM4A in vitro and in cells, as well as their antitumor action. Based on the hypothetical biogenesis of the 5-oxo-5H-benzo[7]annulene skeleton of the natural product purpurogallin (Salfeld, 1960; Horner et al., 1961; Dürckheimer and Paulus, 1985; Tanaka et al., 2002; Yanase et al., 2005) the pyrogallol and catechol units were first combined with structural modifications at different positions of the aryl ring using enzyme-mediated oxidative conditions, generating a series of benzotropolone analogs. Two of the synthetic analogs of purpurogallin, 9ac and 9bc, showed an efficient inhibition (50 and 80%) of KDM4A in enzymatic assays and in cells by increasing levels of its specific targets, H3K9me3/2 and H3K36me3. However, these two compounds/derivatives did not induce cell death. We then synthesized a further set of analogs of these two compounds with greater structural diversification. The most potent of these analogs, 9bf, displayed the highest KDM4A inhibitory enzymatic activity in vitro (IC50 of 10.1 and 24.37 μM) in colon cancer cells, and the strongest antitumor action in several solid and hematological human cancer cell lines with no toxic effect in normal cells. Our findings suggest that further development of this compound and its derivatives may lead to the identification of new therapeutic antitumor agents acting through inhibition of KDM4A.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Souto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química and Centro de Investigacións Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federica Sarno
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rosana Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química and Centro de Investigacións Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ángel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química and Centro de Investigacións Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Sarno F, Pepe G, Termolino P, Carafa V, Massaro C, Merciai F, Campiglia P, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. Trifolium Repens Blocks Proliferation in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia via the BCR-ABL/STAT5 Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020379. [PMID: 32041350 PMCID: PMC7072565 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Some species of clover are reported to have beneficial effects in human diseases. However, little is known about the activity of the forage plant Trifolium repens, or white clover, which has been recently found to exert a hepatoprotective action. Scientific interest is increasingly focused on identifying new drugs, especially natural products and their derivatives, to treat human diseases including cancer. We analyzed the anticancer effects of T. repens in several cancer cell lines. The phytochemical components of T. repens were first extracted in a methanol solution and then separated into four fractions by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of the total extract and each fraction on cancer cell proliferation were analyzed by MTT assay and Western blotting. T. repens and, more robustly, its isoflavonoid-rich fraction showed high cytotoxic effects in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells, with IC50 values of 1.67 and 0.092 mg/mL, respectively. The block of cell growth was associated with a total inhibition of BCR-ABL/STAT5 and activation of the p38 signaling pathways. In contrast, these strongly cytotoxic effects did not occur in normal cells. Our findings suggest that the development of novel compounds derived from phytochemical molecules contained in Trifolium might lead to the identification of new therapeutic agents active against CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (F.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Pasquale Termolino
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Crescenzo Massaro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Merciai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (F.M.); (P.C.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (F.M.); (P.C.)
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (L.A.); Tel.: +39-0815665682 (A.N.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.); Fax: +39-081450169 (A.N. & L.A.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (V.C.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (L.A.); Tel.: +39-0815665682 (A.N.); +39-0815667569 (L.A.); Fax: +39-081450169 (A.N. & L.A.)
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Miceli M, Cutignano A, Conte M, Ummarino R, Romanelli A, Ruvo M, Leone M, Mercurio FA, Doti N, Manzo E, Romano G, Altucci L, Ianora A. Monoacylglycerides from the Diatom Skeletonema marinoi Induce Selective Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110625. [PMID: 31683792 PMCID: PMC6891494 DOI: 10.3390/md17110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are an excellent source of valuable compounds for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. These photosynthesizing microorganisms are amenable for large-scale production, thus overcoming the bottleneck of biomass supply for chemical and activity characterization of bioactive compounds. This characteristic has recently also prompted the screening of microalgae for potential pharmaceutical applications. Here, we show that monoacylglycerides (MAGs) purified from the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi have selective cytotoxic activity against the haematological cancer cell line U-937 and colon cancer cell line HCT-116 compared to normal MePR-2B cells. LC-MS analysis of the raw extract revealed that in their natural form, MAGs occur as 2-monoacyl derivatives and include mainly C16 and C20 analogues, but they are converted into the corresponding 1-isomers during purification processes. Pure compounds along with the synthetic 1-monoarachidonoylglycerol tested on HCT-116 and U-937 tumor cell lines induced cell death via apoptosis. The mechanism of action was investigated, and we show that it involves the induction of apoptosis through caspase 3/7 activation. These findings pave the way for the possible use of these molecules as potential anticancer agents or as precursors for the generation of new and more potent and selective compounds against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Miceli
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adele Cutignano
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Ummarino
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Romanelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Flavia Anna Mercurio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- CNR-Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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Miceli M, Baldi D, Cavaliere C, Soricelli A, Salvatore M, Napoli C. Peripheral artery disease: the new frontiers of imaging techniques to evaluate the evolution of regenerative medicine. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:511-532. [PMID: 31220944 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1635012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cells (ESC, iPSC, MSC) are known to have intrinsic regenerative properties. In the last decades numerous findings have favored the development of innovative therapeutic protocols based on the use of stem cells (Regenerative Medicine/Cell Therapy) for the treatment of numerous diseases including PAD, with promising results in preclinical studies. So far, several clinical studies have shown a general improvement of the patient's clinical outcome, however they possess many critical issues caused by the non-randomized design of the limited number of patients examined, the type cells to be used, their dosage, the short duration of treatment and also their delivery strategy. Areas covered: In this context, the use of the most advanced molecular imaging techniques will allow the visualization of very important physio-pathological processes otherwise invisible with conventional techniques, such as angiogenesis, also providing important structural and functional data. Expert opinion: The new frontier of cell therapy applied to PAD, potentially able to stop or even the process that causes the disease, with particular emphasis on the clinical aspects that different types of cells involve and on the use of more innovative molecular imaging techniques now available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- a IRCCS SDN , Naples , Italy.,b Department of Exercise and Wellness Sciences , University of Naples Parthenope , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Claudio Napoli
- a IRCCS SDN , Naples , Italy.,c University Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialty Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Napes , Italy
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9
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Wang Y, Chen S, Yan Z, Pei M. A prospect of cell immortalization combined with matrix microenvironmental optimization strategy for tissue engineering and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:7. [PMID: 30627420 PMCID: PMC6321683 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a major hurdle for primary cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Telomere erosion, oxidative stress, the expression of oncogenes and the loss of tumor suppressor genes all may account for the cellular senescence process with the involvement of various signaling pathways. To establish immortalized cell lines for research and clinical use, strategies have been applied including internal genomic or external matrix microenvironment modification. Considering the potential risks of malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of genetic manipulation, environmental modification methods, especially the decellularized cell-deposited extracellular matrix (dECM)-based preconditioning strategy, appear to be promising for tissue engineering-aimed cell immortalization. Due to few review articles focusing on this topic, this review provides a summary of cell senescence and immortalization and discusses advantages and limitations of tissue engineering and regeneration with the use of immortalized cells as well as a potential rejuvenation strategy through combination with the dECM approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Song Chen
- 3Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083 Sichuan China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- 2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ming Pei
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,4WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
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10
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Combined HAT/EZH2 modulation leads to cancer-selective cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25630-25646. [PMID: 29876013 PMCID: PMC5986654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been associated with both pathogenesis and progression of cancer. By screening of library compounds, we identified a novel hybrid epi-drug MC2884, a HAT/EZH2 inhibitor, able to induce bona fide cancer-selective cell death in both solid and hematological cancers in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo xenograft models. Anticancer action was due to an epigenome modulation by H3K27me3, H3K27ac, H3K9/14ac decrease, and to caspase-dependent apoptosis induction. MC2884 triggered mitochondrial pathway apoptosis by up-regulation of cleaved-BID, and strong down-regulation of BCL2. Even aggressive models of cancer, such as p53-/- or TET2-/- cells, responded to MC2884, suggesting MC2884 therapeutic potential also for the therapy of TP53 or TET2-deficient human cancers. MC2884 induced massive apoptosis in ex vivo human primary leukemia blasts with poor prognosis in vivo, by targeting BCL2 expression. MC2884-treatment reduced acetylation of the BCL2 promoter at higher level than combined p300 and EZH2 inhibition. This suggests a key role for BCL-2 reduction in potentiating responsiveness, also in combination therapy with BCL2 inhibitors. Finally, we identified both the mechanism of MC2884 action as well as a potential therapeutic scheme of its use. Altogether, this provides proof of concept for the use of epi-drugs coupled with epigenome analyses to 'personalize' precision medicine.
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11
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Nebbioso A, Carafa V, Conte M, Tambaro FP, Abbondanza C, Martens J, Nees M, Benedetti R, Pallavicini I, Minucci S, Garcia-Manero G, Iovino F, Lania G, Ingenito C, Belsito Petrizzi V, Stunnenberg HG, Altucci L. c-Myc Modulation and Acetylation Is a Key HDAC Inhibitor Target in Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2542-2555. [PMID: 27358484 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are promising anticancer drugs. Although some HDACi have entered the clinic, the mechanism(s) underlying their tumor selectivity are poorly understood.Experimental Design and Results: Using gene expression analysis, we define a core set of six genes commonly regulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts and cell lines. MYC, the most prominently modulated, is preferentially altered in leukemia. Upon HDACi treatment, c-Myc is acetylated at lysine 323 and its expression decreases, leading to TRAIL activation and apoptosis. c-Myc binds to the TRAIL promoter on the proximal GC box through SP1 or MIZ1, impairing TRAIL activation. HDACi exposure triggers TRAIL expression, altering c-Myc-TRAIL binding. These events do not occur in normal cells. Excitingly, this inverse correlation between TRAIL and c-Myc is supported by HDACi treatment ex vivo of AML blasts and primary human breast cancer cells. The predictive value of c-Myc to HDACi responsiveness is confirmed in vivo in AML patients undergoing HDACi-based clinical trials.Conclusions: Collectively, our findings identify a key role for c-Myc in TRAIL deregulation and as a biomarker of the anticancer action of HDACi in AML. The potential improved patient stratification could pave the way toward personalized therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2542-55. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud University, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Paolo Tambaro
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ciro Abbondanza
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Joost Martens
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud University, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Nees
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Pallavicini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Iovino
- Dipartimento Scienze Anestesiologiche, Chirurgiche e dell'Emergenza, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lania
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso', Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud University, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi della Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso', Naples, Italy
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12
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Franci G, Sarno F, Nebbioso A, Altucci L. Identification and characterization of PKF118-310 as a KDM4A inhibitor. Epigenetics 2016; 12:198-205. [PMID: 27767379 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1249089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are functionally involved in gene expression regulation. In particular, histone posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in functional chromatin organization. Several drugs able to inhibit or stimulate some families of proteins involved in epigenetic histone regulation have been found, a number of which are FDA-approved for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma or are in phase I/II/III clinical trials for solid tumors. Although some protein families, such as histone deacetylases and their inhibitors, are well characterized, our understanding of histone lysine demethylases is still incomplete. We describe the in silico, in vitro, and cell-based characterization of the compound PKF118-310, an antagonist of transcription factor 4 (TCF4)/β-catenin signaling, as inhibitor of KDM4A. PKF118-310 potential inhibitor activity was discovered via virtual screening on the crystal structure of KDM4A. A peptide-based histone trimethylation assay developed in-house confirmed its potent KDM4A inhibitor activity. Its protein target was identified by cellular thermal shift assay experiments. PKF118-310 anticancer activity was observed in both liquid and solid tumor cells, and shown to have a dose- and time-dependent effect. We demonstrate the previously unreported inhibitory action of PKF118-310 on KDM4A. Our findings open up the possibility of developing the first KDM4A-specific inhibitors and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Franci
- a Dipartimento di Biochimica , Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli , Italy
| | - Federica Sarno
- a Dipartimento di Biochimica , Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli , Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- a Dipartimento di Biochimica , Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli , Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- a Dipartimento di Biochimica , Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli , Napoli , Italy
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13
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Franci G, Manfroni G, Cannalire R, Felicetti T, Tabarrini O, Salvato A, Barreca ML, Altucci L, Cecchetti V. Tumour cell population growth inhibition and cell death induction of functionalized 6-aminoquinolone derivatives. Cell Prolif 2016; 48:705-17. [PMID: 26597381 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A number of previous studies has provided evidence that the well-known anti-bacterial quinolones may have potential as anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential anti-tumour activity and selectivity of a set of 6-aminoquinolones showing some chemical similarity to naphthyridone derivative CX-5461, recently described as innovative anti-cancer agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS In-house quinolones 1-8 and ad hoc synthesized derivatives 9-13 were tested on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer cells and mesenchymal progenitor (MePR2B) cell lines, analysing their effects on the cell cycle and cell death using FACS methodology. Activation of p53 was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS Benzyl esters 4, 5 and their amide counterparts 12, 13 drastically modulated MCF-7 cell cycles inducing DNA fragmentation and cell death, thus proving to be potential anti-tumour compounds. When assayed in non-tumour MePR2B cells, compounds 4 and 5 were cytotoxic while 12 and 13 had a certain degree of selectivity, with compound 12 emerging as the most promising. Western blot analysis revealed that severe p53-K382ac activation was promoted by benzylester 5. In contrast, amide 12 exerted only a moderate effect which was, however, comparable to that of suberoylanilide hydoxamic acid (SAHA). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results further reinforce evidence that quinolones have potential as anti-cancer agents. Future work will be focused on understanding compound 12 mechanisms of action, and to obtain more potent and selective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Franci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Manfroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - R Cannalire
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - T Felicetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - O Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Salvato
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138, Napoli, Italy
| | - M L Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80138, Napoli, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica, IGB, 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso' Via P. Castellino, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - V Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Miceli M, Dell'Aversana C, Russo R, Rega C, Cupelli L, Ruvo M, Altucci L, Chambery A. Secretome profiling of cytokines and growth factors reveals that neuro-glial differentiation is associated with the down-regulation of Chemokine Ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2) in amniotic fluid derived-mesenchymal progenitor cells. Proteomics 2016; 16:674-88. [PMID: 26604074 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Secreted cytokines and growth factors play a key role in the modulation of stem cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. To investigate the interplay between the changes in their expression levels, we used the newly characterized human amniotic fluid derived-mesenchymal progenitor MePR-2B cell line differentiated to a neuro-glial phenotype and exploited the very high sensitivity and versatility of magnetic beads-based immunoassays. We found that a sub-set of proteins, including the cytokines IL-6, TNFα, IL-15, IFNγ, IL-8, IL-1ra, MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES and the growth factor PDGFbb, underwent a significant down-regulation following neuro-glial differentiation, whereas the expression levels of IL-12 p70, IL-5, IL-7, bFGF, VEGF and G-CSF were increased. The role of MCP-1/CCL2, previously identified as a regulator of neural progenitor stem cell differentiation, has been further investigated at transcriptional level, revealing that both the chemokine and its receptor are co-expressed in MePR-2B cells and that are regulated upon differentiation, suggesting the presence of an autocrine and paracrine loop in differentiating cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that exogenous CCL2 is capable to affect neuro-glial differentiation in MePR-2B cells, thus providing novel evidences for the potential involvement of chemokine-mediated signaling in progenitor/stem cells differentiation processes and fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Miceli
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso' IGB, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso' IGB, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Camilla Rega
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cupelli
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso' IGB, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, IBB, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica, Biofisica e Patologia Generale, Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica 'Adriano Buzzati Traverso' IGB, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy.,IRCCS, Multimedica, Milano, Italy
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15
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Basile A, Rigano D, Loppi S, Di Santi A, Nebbioso A, Sorbo S, Conte B, Paoli L, De Ruberto F, Molinari AM, Altucci L, Bontempo P. Antiproliferative, antibacterial and antifungal activity of the lichen Xanthoria parietina and its secondary metabolite parietin. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7861-75. [PMID: 25860944 PMCID: PMC4425054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are valuable natural resources used for centuries throughout the world as medicine, food, fodder, perfume, spices and dyes, as well as for other miscellaneous purposes. This study investigates the antiproliferative, antibacterial and antifungal activity of the acetone extract of the lichen Xanthoria parietina (Linnaeus) Theodor Fries and its major secondary metabolite, parietin. The extract and parietin were tested for antimicrobial activity against nine American Type Culture Collection standard and clinically isolated bacterial strains, and three fungal strains. Both showed strong antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains and matched clinical isolates, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus from standard and clinical sources. Among the fungi tested, Rhizoctonia solani was the most sensitive. The antiproliferative effects of the extract and parietin were also investigated in human breast cancer cells. The extract inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis, both effects being accompanied by modulation of expression of cell cycle regulating genes such as p16, p27, cyclin D1 and cyclin A. It also mediated apoptosis by activating extrinsic and intrinsic cell death pathways, modulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and inducing Bcl-2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) phosphorylation. Our results indicate that Xanthoria parietina is a major potential source of antimicrobial and anticancer substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Basile
- Department of Biological Sciences-Plant Biology Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy.
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Di Santi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy.
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy.
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- Interdepartmental Service Centre for Electron Microscopy C.I.S.M.E., University of Naples "Federico II", via Foria 223, Naples 80139, Italy.
| | - Barbara Conte
- Department of Biological Sciences-Plant Biology Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy.
| | - Luca Paoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.
| | - Francesca De Ruberto
- Department of Biological Sciences-Plant Biology Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Molinari
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy.
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy.
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), Adriano Buzzati Traverso, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples 80138, Italy.
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16
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SIRT1 inhibition affects angiogenic properties of human MSCs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:783459. [PMID: 25243179 PMCID: PMC4163475 DOI: 10.1155/2014/783459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are attractive for clinical and experimental purposes due to their capability of self-renewal and of differentiating into several cell types. Autologous hMSCs transplantation has been proven to induce therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. A recent report has connected MSCs multipotency to sirtuin families, showing that SIRT1 can regulate MSCs function. Furthermore, SIRT1 is a critical modulator of endothelial angiogenic functions. Here, we described the generation of an immortalized human mesenchymal bone marrow-derived cell line and we investigated the angiogenic phenotype of our cellular model by inhibiting SIRT1 by both the genetic and pharmacological level. We first assessed the expression of SIRT1 in hMSCs under basal and hypoxic conditions at both RNA and protein level. Inhibition of SIRT1 by sirtinol, a cell-permeable inhibitor, or by specific sh-RNA resulted in an increase of premature-senescence phenotype, a reduction of proliferation rate with increased apoptosis. Furthermore, we observed a consistent reduction of tubule-like formation and migration and we found that SIRT1 inhibition reduced the hypoxia induced accumulation of HIF-1α protein and its transcriptional activity in hMSCs. Our findings identify SIRT1 as regulator of hypoxia-induced response in hMSCs and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies to improve regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells in ischemic disorders through SIRT1 modulation.
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17
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Rotili D, Tomassi S, Conte M, Benedetti R, Tortorici M, Ciossani G, Valente S, Marrocco B, Labella D, Novellino E, Mattevi A, Altucci L, Tumber A, Yapp C, King ONF, Hopkinson RJ, Kawamura A, Schofield CJ, Mai A. Pan-histone demethylase inhibitors simultaneously targeting Jumonji C and lysine-specific demethylases display high anticancer activities. J Med Chem 2013; 57:42-55. [PMID: 24325601 DOI: 10.1021/jm4012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In prostate cancer, two different types of histone lysine demethylases (KDM), LSD1/KDM1 and JMJD2/KDM4, are coexpressed and colocalize with the androgen receptor. We designed and synthesized hybrid LSD1/JmjC or "pan-KDM" inhibitors 1-6 by coupling the skeleton of tranylcypromine 7, a known LSD1 inhibitor, with 4-carboxy-4'-carbomethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine 8 or 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline 9, two 2-oxoglutarate competitive templates developed for JmjC inhibition. Hybrid compounds 1-6 are able to simultaneously target both KDM families and have been validated as potential antitumor agents in cells. Among them, 2 and 3 increase H3K4 and H3K9 methylation levels in cells and cause growth arrest and substantial apoptosis in LNCaP prostate and HCT116 colon cancer cells. When tested in noncancer mesenchymal progenitor (MePR) cells, 2 and 3 induced little and no apoptosis, respectively, thus showing cancer-selective inhibiting action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome , P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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