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Peliciari-Garcia RA, de Barros CF, Secio-Silva A, de Barros Peruchetti D, Romano RM, Bargi-Souza P. Multi-omics Investigations in Endocrine Systems and Their Clinical Implications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:187-209. [PMID: 38409422 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Innovative techniques such as the "omics" can be a powerful tool for the understanding of intracellular pathways involved in homeostasis maintenance and identification of new potential therapeutic targets against endocrine-metabolic disorders. Over the last decades, proteomics has been extensively applied in the study of a wide variety of human diseases, including those involving the endocrine system. Among the most endocrine-related disorders investigated by proteomics in humans are diabetes mellitus and thyroid, pituitary, and reproductive system disorders. In diabetes, proteins implicated in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and β-cell activity have been investigated. In thyroid diseases, protein expression alterations were described in thyroid malignancies and autoimmune thyroid illnesses. Additionally, proteomics has been used to investigate the variations in protein expression in adrenal cancers and conditions, including Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease. Pituitary tumors and disorders including acromegaly and hypopituitarism have been studied using proteomics to examine changes in protein expression. Reproductive problems such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis are two examples of conditions where alterations in protein expression have been studied using proteomics. Proteomics has, in general, shed light on the molecular underpinnings of many endocrine-related illnesses and revealed promising biomarkers for both their detection and treatment. The capacity of proteomics to thoroughly and objectively examine complex protein mixtures is one of its main benefits. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a widely used method that identifies and measures proteins based on their mass-to-charge ratio and their fragmentation pattern. MS can perform the separation of proteins according to their physicochemical characteristics, such as hydrophobicity, charge, and size, in combination with liquid chromatography. Other proteomics techniques include protein arrays, which enable the simultaneous identification of several proteins in a single assay, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), which divides proteins depending on their isoelectric point and molecular weight. This chapter aims to summarize the most relevant proteomics data from targeted tissues, as well as the daily rhythmic variation of relevant biomarkers in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions within the involved endocrine system, especially because the actual modern lifestyle constantly imposes a chronic unentrained condition, which virtually affects all the circadian clock systems within human's body, being also correlated with innumerous endocrine-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Antonio Peliciari-Garcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Morphophysiology and Pathology Sector, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Fonseca de Barros
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ayla Secio-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Diogo de Barros Peruchetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Marino Romano
- Department of Medicine, State University of Central-West (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Bargi-Souza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Liu W, Zhu J, Wu Z, Yin Y, Wu Q, Wu Y, Zheng J, Wang C, Chen H, Qazi TJ, Wu J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Yang J, Lu D, Zhang X, Ai Z. Insight of novel biomarkers for papillary thyroid carcinoma through multiomics. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1269751. [PMID: 37795451 PMCID: PMC10546062 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1269751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The overdiagnosing of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in China necessitates the development of an evidence-based diagnosis and prognosis strategy in line with precision medicine. A landscape of PTC in Chinese cohorts is needed to provide comprehensiveness. Methods 6 paired PTC samples were employed for whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and data-dependent acquisition mass spectrum analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein-protein interactions networks were used to screen for hub genes. Moreover, we verified the hub genes' diagnostic and prognostic potential using online databases. Logistic regression was employed to construct a diagnostic model, and we evaluated its efficacy and specificity based on TCGA-THCA and GEO datasets. Results The basic multiomics landscape of PTC among local patients were drawn. The similarities and differences were compared between the Chinese cohort and TCGA-THCA cohorts, including the identification of PNPLA5 as a driver gene in addition to BRAF mutation. Besides, we found 572 differentially expressed genes and 79 differentially expressed proteins. Through integrative analysis, we identified 17 hub genes for prognosis and diagnosis of PTC. Four of these genes, ABR, AHNAK2, GPX1, and TPO, were used to construct a diagnostic model with high accuracy, explicitly targeting PTC (AUC=0.969/0.959 in training/test sets). Discussion Multiomics analysis of the Chinese cohort demonstrated significant distinctions compared to TCGA-THCA cohorts, highlighting the unique genetic characteristics of Chinese individuals with PTC. The novel biomarkers, holding potential for diagnosis and prognosis of PTC, were identified. Furthermore, these biomarkers provide a valuable tool for precise medicine, especially for immunotherapeutic or nanomedicine based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkan Zhu
- Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxiang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Womens Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Shanghai WeHealth BioMedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Talal Jamil Qazi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology, Khuzdar, Pakistan
| | - Jun Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Cell Bank, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Cell Bank, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai WeHealth BioMedical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilong Ai
- Department of Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang Y, Kang X, Kang X, Yang F. S100A6: molecular function and biomarker role. Biomark Res 2023; 11:78. [PMID: 37670392 PMCID: PMC10481514 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A6 (also called calcyclin) is a Ca2+-binding protein that belongs to the S100 protein family. S100A6 has many functions related to the cytoskeleton, cell stress, proliferation, and differentiation. S100A6 also has many interacting proteins that are distributed in the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, and outside the cell. Almost all these proteins interact with S100A6 in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and some also have specific motifs responsible for binding to S100A6. The expression of S100A6 is regulated by several transcription factors (such as c-Myc, P53, NF-κB, USF, Nrf2, etc.). The expression level depends on the specific cell type and the transcription factors activated in specific physical and chemical environments, and is also related to histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and other epigenetic modifications. The differential expression of S100A6 in various diseases, and at different stages of those diseases, makes it a good biomarker for differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, as well as a potential therapeutic target. In this review, we mainly focus on the S100A6 ligand and its transcriptional regulation, molecular function (cytoskeleton, cell stress, cell differentiation), and role as a biomarker in human disease and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
| | - Fengguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
- The Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China.
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Yang F, Ma J, Zhu D, Wang Z, Li Y, He X, Zhang G, Kang X. The Role of S100A6 in Human Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1139. [PMID: 37509175 PMCID: PMC10377078 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A6, also known as calcyclin, is a low-molecular-weight Ca2+-binding protein from the S100 family that contains two EF-hands. S100A6 is expressed in a variety of mammalian cells and tissues. It is also expressed in lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, as well as other cancers such as melanoma. S100A6 has many molecular functions related to cell proliferation, the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and the cytoskeleton. It is not only involved in tumor invasion, proliferation, and migration, but also the pathogenesis of other non-neoplastic diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of S100A6 in tumors, nervous system diseases, leukemia, endometriosis, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinglin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanhu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Chen B, Zheng D, Liu C, Bhandari A, Hirachan S, Shen C, Mainali S, Li H, Jiang W, Xu J, Zhang X, Tang K, Zhang W. S100A6 promotes the development of thyroid cancer and inhibits apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154325. [PMID: 36680929 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
High levels of S100A6 have been associated with progression in some types of human cancers. Cancers related to S100A6 have been reported to include lung cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, etc., but its role in the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers is largely unknown. This study investigated the expression and functional roles of S100A6 in human thyroid cancer. The expression level of S100A6 in thyroid cancer cells was determined by bioinformatics and transcriptomic analysis. Furthermore, the potential functions of S100A6 in tumorigenesis were analyzed by cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and Western blot assays in human thyroid cancer cells. Public database queries revealed high S100A6 expression in thyroid cancer. In addition, we also found that high expression of S100A6 was positively correlated with malignant clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. qPCR results confirmed the high expression of S100A6 in thyroid cancer cells. S100A6 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Western blot assays and response experiments showed that S100A6 promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity partly through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These results suggest that S100A6 affects the progression of thyroid cancer and can be used as a target in the future treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buran Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Danni Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Adheesh Bhandari
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Suzita Hirachan
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Unit, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Cuihua Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Sumnima Mainali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kulhudhuffushi Regional Hospital, Kulhudhuffushi, Maldives
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kaifu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepatopancreatic Diseases Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Wang J, Dai X, Luo H, Yan C, Zhang G, Luo J. MI_DenseNetCAM: A Novel Pan-Cancer Classification and Prediction Method Based on Mutual Information and Deep Learning Model. Front Genet 2021; 12:670232. [PMID: 34149811 PMCID: PMC8209511 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.670232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pan-Cancer Atlas consists of original sequencing data from various sources, provides the opportunity to perform systematic studies on the commonalities and differences between diverse cancers. The analysis for the pan-cancer dataset could help researchers to identify the key factors that could trigger cancer. In this paper, we present a novel pan-cancer classification method, referred to MI_DenseNetCAM, to identify a set of genes that can differentiate all tumor types accurately. First, the Mutual Information (MI) was utilized to eliminate noise and redundancy from the pan-cancer datasets. Then, the gene data was further converted to 2D images. Next, the DenseNet model was adopted as a classifier and the Guided Grad-CAM algorithm was applied to identify the key genes. Extensive experimental results on the public RNA-seq data sets with 33 different tumor types show that our method outperforms the other state-of-the-art classification methods. Moreover, gene analysis further demonstrated that the genes selected by our method were related to the corresponding tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Wang
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuebing Dai
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huimin Luo
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chaokun Yan
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junwei Luo
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
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Proteomics in thyroid cancer and other thyroid-related diseases: A review of the literature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The Potential of Metabolomics in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155272. [PMID: 32722293 PMCID: PMC7432278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine system malignancy. However, there is still a lack of reliable and specific markers for the detection and staging of this disease. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is the current gold standard for diagnosis of thyroid cancer, but drawbacks to this technique include indeterminate results or an inability to discriminate different carcinomas, thereby requiring additional surgical procedures to obtain a final diagnosis. It is, therefore, necessary to seek more reliable markers to complement and improve current methods. "Omics" approaches have gained much attention in the last decade in the field of biomarker discovery for diagnostic and prognostic characterisation of various pathophysiological conditions. Metabolomics, in particular, has the potential to identify molecular markers of thyroid cancer and identify novel metabolic profiles of the disease, which can, in turn, help in the classification of pathological conditions and lead to a more personalised therapy, assisting in the diagnosis and in the prediction of cancer behaviour. This review considers the current results in thyroid cancer biomarker research with a focus on metabolomics.
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Boufraqech M, Nilubol N. Multi-omics Signatures and Translational Potential to Improve Thyroid Cancer Patient Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121988. [PMID: 31835496 PMCID: PMC6966476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput molecular and multi-omics technologies have improved our understanding of the molecular changes associated with thyroid cancer initiation and progression. The translation into clinical use based on molecular profiling of thyroid tumors has allowed a significant improvement in patient risk stratification and in the identification of targeted therapies, and thereby better personalized disease management and outcome. This review compiles the following: (1) the major molecular alterations of the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome found in all subtypes of thyroid cancer, thus demonstrating the complexity of these tumors and (2) the great translational potential of multi-omics studies to improve patient outcome.
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Ucal Y, Tokat F, Duren M, Ince U, Ozpinar A. Peptide Profile Differences of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features, Encapsulated Follicular Variant, and Classical Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Thyroid 2019; 29:1125-1137. [PMID: 31064269 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The lack of papillary structures and faint and/or unclear core features of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FV-PTC) may hamper the definitive fine needle aspiration biopsy -based diagnosis. Recently, the nomenclature of noninvasive encapsulated FV-PTC was revised to "noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features" (NIFTP). However, it remains inconclusive whether or not the peptide patterns differ between NIFTP and encapsulated FV-PTC. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the viability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) in the pathological assessment of NIFTP and to evaluate the discriminatory power of MALDI MSI for the classification of classical variant of PTC (CV-PTC), NIFTP, and encapsulated FV-PTC. Methods: MALDI MSI was employed to investigate the changes in peptide profiles from 21 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples (n = 7 from each group of CV-PTC, NIFTP, and FV-PTC). Six out of seven FV-PTC FFPE tissue samples were encapsulated FV-PTC; only one was infiltrative FV-PTC. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for the identification of the peptide signals detected in MALDI MSI. Results: Using receiver operating characteristics analysis, 10 peptide signals distinguished NIFTP from normal thyroid parenchyma (area under the curve [AUC] >0.80). To evaluate the discriminatory power of MALDI MSI, statistically significant peptide signals (n = 88) within three groups were used for hierarchical clustering. The method had high discriminatory power for distinguishing CV-PTC from NIFTP and FV-PTC (encapsulated and infiltrative). The majority of the NIFTP and encapsulated FV-PTC were clustered together, indicating that NIFTP could not be distinguished from encapsulated FV-PTC. However, infiltrative FV-PTC FFPE tissue samples had the furthest distance from all the NIFTP cases. High signal intensities of S100-A6, vimentin, and cytoplasmic actin 1 were detected in FV-PTC, prelamin A/C in CV-PTC, and 60S ribosomal protein L6 and L8 in NIFTP tissues. Conclusions: MALDI MSI, a powerful tool combining histological and mass spectrometric data, enabled the differentiation of NIFTP from normal thyroid parenchyma. Although NIFTP is a recent definition that replaces noninvasive encapsulated FV-PTC, the peptide profiles of NIFTP and encapsulated FV-PTC were found to be similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Ucal
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tokat
- 2Department of Pathology, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mete Duren
- 3Department of General Surgery, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Ince
- 2Department of Pathology, Acibadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Husi H, Fernandes M, Skipworth RJ, Miller J, Cronshaw AD, Fearon KCH, Ross JA. Identification of diagnostic upper gastrointestinal cancer tissue type-specific urinary biomarkers. Biomed Rep 2019; 10:165-174. [PMID: 30906545 PMCID: PMC6423495 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several potential urinary biomarkers exhibiting an association with upper gastrointestinal tumour growth have been previously identified, of which S100A6, S100A9, rabenosyn-5 and programmed cell death 6-interacting protein (PDCD6IP) were further validated and found to be upregulated in malignant tumours. The cancer cohort from our previous study was subclassified to assess whether distinct molecular markers can be identified for each individual cancer type using a similar approach. Urine samples from patients with cancers of the stomach, oesophagus, oesophagogastric junction or pancreas were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry using both CM10 and IMAC30 (Cu2+-complexed) chip types and LC-MS/MS-based mass spectrometry after chromatographic enrichment. This was followed by protein identification, pattern matching and validation by western blotting. We found 8 m/z peaks with statistical significance for the four cancer types investigated, of which m/z 2447 and 2577 were identified by pattern matching as fragments of cathepsin-B (CTSB) and cystatin-B (CSTB); both molecules are indicative of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we observed a potential association of upregulated α-1-antichymotrypsin with pancreatic and gastric cancers, of PDCD6IP, vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) with oesophagogastric junctional cancers, and of complement C4-A, prostatic acid phosphatase, azurocidin and histone-H1 with oesophageal cancer. Furthermore, the potential pancreatic cancer biomarkers CSTB and CTSB were validated independently by western blotting. Therefore, the present study identified two new potential urinary biomarkers that appear to be associated with pancreatic cancer. This may provide a simple, non-invasive screening test for use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Husi
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK.,BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marco Fernandes
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Richard J Skipworth
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Janice Miller
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Andrew D Cronshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Kenneth C H Fearon
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - James A Ross
- School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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12
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Abdullah MI, Junit SM, Ng KL, Jayapalan JJ, Karikalan B, Hashim OH. Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Genetic Alterations and Molecular Biomarker Investigations. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:450-460. [PMID: 30911279 PMCID: PMC6428975 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent form of malignancy among all cancers of the thyroid. It is also one of the few cancers with a rapidly increasing incidence. PTC is usually contained within the thyroid gland and generally biologically indolent. Prognosis of the cancer is excellent, with less than 2% mortality at 5 years. However, more than 25% of patients with PTC developed a recurrence during a long term follow-up. The present article provides an updated condensed overview of PTC, which focuses mainly on the molecular alterations involved and recent biomarker investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mardiaty Iryani Abdullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sarni Mat Junit
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khoon Leong Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Barani Karikalan
- Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Onn Haji Hashim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Lai X, Umbricht CB, Fisher K, Bishop J, Shi Q, Chen S. Identification of novel biomarker and therapeutic target candidates for diagnosis and treatment of follicular carcinoma. J Proteomics 2017; 166:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Liu X, Guo Z, Sun H, Li W, Sun W. Comprehensive Map and Functional Annotation of Human Pituitary and Thyroid Proteome. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2680-2691. [PMID: 28678506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about human tissue proteome will provide insights into health organ physiology. To construct a comprehensive data set of human pituitary and thyroid proteins, post-mortem pituitaries and thyroids from 10 normal individuals were used. The pooled samples were prepared using two methods. One part of the sample was processed using 14 high-abundance proteins immunoaffinity column. The other part was directly subjected to digestion. Finally, a total of 7596 proteins in pituitary and 5602 proteins in thyroid with high confidence were identified, with 6623 and 4368 quantified, respectively. A total of 5781 of pituitary and 3178 of thyroid proteins have not been previously reported in the normal pituitary and thyroid proteome. Comparison of pituitary and thyroid proteome indicated that thyroid prefers to be involved in nerve system regeneration and metabolic regulation, while pituitary mainly performs functions of signal transduction and cancer modulation. Our results, for the first time, comprehensively profiled and functionally annotated the largest high-confidence data set of proteome of two important endocrine glands, pituitary and thyroid, which is important for further studies on biomarker identification and molecular mechanisms of pituitary and thyroid disorders. The mapping results can be freely downloaded at http://www.urimarker.com/pituitary/ and http://www.urimarker.com/thyroid/ . The raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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15
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Martínez-Aguilar J, Clifton-Bligh R, Molloy MP. Proteomics of thyroid tumours provides new insights into their molecular composition and changes associated with malignancy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23660. [PMID: 27025787 PMCID: PMC4812243 DOI: 10.1038/srep23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 5% of the general population have palpable thyroid nodules. Although most thyroid tumours are benign, thyroid cancer represents the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, comprising mainly follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas. Previous studies have shed some light on the molecular pathogenesis of thyroid cancer but there have not been any comprehensive mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies of large scale to reveal protein expression differences between thyroid tumours and the molecular alterations associated with tumour malignancy. We applied data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry which enabled quantitative expression analysis of over 1,600 proteins from 32 specimens to compare normal thyroid tissue with the three most common tumours of the thyroid gland: follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma and papillary carcinoma. In follicular tumours, we found marked reduction of the tumour suppressor and therapeutic target extracellular protein decorin. We made the novel observation that TGFβ-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFBI) was found frequently overexpressed in follicular carcinoma compared with follicular adenoma. Proteomic pathway analysis showed changes in papillary carcinoma were associated with disruption of cell contacts (loss of E-cadherin), actin cytoskeleton dynamics and loss of differentiation markers, all hallmarks of an invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martínez-Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
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16
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Zhao M, Wang KJ, Tan Z, Zheng CM, Liang Z, Zhao JQ. Identification of potential therapeutic targets for papillary thyroid carcinoma by bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:51-58. [PMID: 26870166 PMCID: PMC4726925 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify potential therapeutic targets for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and to investigate the possible mechanism underlying this disease. The gene expression profile, GSE53157, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Only 10 chips, including 3 specimens of normal thyroid tissues and 7 specimens of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas, were analyzed in the present study. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between PTC patients and normal individuals were identified. Next, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses of DEGs were performed. Modules in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were identified. Significant target genes were selected from the microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network. Furthermore, the integrated network was constructed with the miRNA regulatory and PPI network modules, and key target genes were screened. A total of 668 DEGs were identified. Modules M1, M2 and M3 were identified from the PPI network. From the modules, DEGs of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, S100 calcium binding protein A6 (S100A6), dual specificity phosphatase 5, keratin 19, met proto-oncogene (MET) and lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 were included in the Malacards database. In the miRNA regulatory and integrated networks, genes of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40 and reticulon 1 were the key target genes. S100A6, MET and CDKN1C may exhibit key roles in the progression and development of PTC, and may be used as specific therapeutic targets in the treatment of PTC. However, further experiments are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jing Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Ming Zheng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Liang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, P.R. China
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17
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Pagni F, L’Imperio V, Bono F, Garancini M, Roversi G, De Sio G, Galli M, Smith AJ, Chinello C, Magni F. Proteome analysis in thyroid pathology. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:375-90. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1062369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Dinets A, Pernemalm M, Kjellin H, Sviatoha V, Sofiadis A, Juhlin CC, Zedenius J, Larsson C, Lehtiö J, Höög A. Differential protein expression profiles of cyst fluid from papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid lesions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126472. [PMID: 25978681 PMCID: PMC4433121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma (cPTC) is a subgroup of PTC presenting a diagnostic challenge at fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). To further investigate this entity we aimed to characterize protein profiles of cyst fluids from cPTC and benign thyroid cystic lesions. In total, 20 cPTCs and 56 benign thyroid cystic lesions were studied. Profiling by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed on cyst fluids from a subset of cases after depletion, and selected proteins were further analyzed by Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,581 proteins were detected in cyst fluids, of which 841 were quantified in all samples using LC-MS/MS. Proteins with different expression levels between cPTCs and benign lesions were identified by univariate analysis (41 proteins) and multivariate analysis (59 proteins in an orthogonal partial least squares model). WB analyses of cyst fluid and IHC on corresponding tissue samples confirmed a significant up-regulation of cytokeratin 19 (CK-19/CYFRA 21-1) and S100A13 in cPTC vs. benign lesions. These findings were further confirmed by ELISA in an extended material of non-depleted cyst fluids from cPTCs (n = 17) and benign lesions (n = 55) (p<0.05). Applying a cut-off at >55 ng/ml for CK-19 resulted in 82% specificity and sensitivity. For S100A13 a cut-off at >230 pg/ml revealed a 94% sensitivity, but only 35% specificity. This is the first comprehensive catalogue of the protein content in fluid from thyroid cysts. The up-regulations of CK-19 and S100A13 suggest their possible use in FNAB based preoperative diagnostics of cystic thyroid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Dinets
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AD); (CL)
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Kjellin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vitalijs Sviatoha
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology-Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasios Sofiadis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C. Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology-Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AD); (CL)
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology-Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Husi H, Skipworth RJE, Cronshaw A, Stephens NA, Wackerhage H, Greig C, Fearon KCH, Ross JA. Programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (PDCD6IP) and Rabenosyn-5 (ZFYVE20) are potential urinary biomarkers for upper gastrointestinal cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:586-96. [PMID: 25644331 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer of the upper digestive tract (uGI) is a major contributor to cancer-related death worldwide. Due to a rise in occurrence, together with poor survival rates and a lack of diagnostic or prognostic clinical assays, there is a clear need to establish molecular biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Initial assessment was performed on urine samples from 60 control and 60 uGI cancer patients using MS to establish a peak pattern or fingerprint model, which was validated by a further set of 59 samples. RESULTS We detected 86 cluster peaks by MS above frequency and detection thresholds. Statistical testing and model building resulted in a peak profiling model of five relevant peaks with 88% overall sensitivity and 91% specificity, and overall correctness of 90%. High-resolution MS of 40 samples in the 2-10 kDa range resulted in 646 identified proteins, and pattern matching identified four of the five model peaks within significant parameters, namely programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (PDCD6IP/Alix/AIP1), Rabenosyn-5 (ZFYVE20), protein S100A8, and protein S100A9, of which the first two were validated by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE We demonstrate that MS analysis of human urine can identify lead biomarker candidates in uGI cancers, which makes this technique potentially useful in defining and consolidating biomarker patterns for uGI cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Husi
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Andrew Cronshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Carolyn Greig
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - James A Ross
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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A multiplexed, targeted mass spectrometry assay of the S100 protein family uncovers the isoform-specific expression in thyroid tumours. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:199. [PMID: 25880590 PMCID: PMC4391164 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence demonstrates a causal role for S100 proteins in tumourigenesis and several S100 isoforms have shown utility as biomarkers of several types of cancer. The S100 family is comprised of 21 small isoforms, many of them implicated in important cellular functions such as proliferation, motility and survival. Furthermore, in vivo experiments have proven the role of S100 proteins in tumour growth and disease progression, while other studies have shown their prognostic value and involvement in resistance to chemotherapy drugs. Taken together, all these aspects highlight S100 proteins as potential therapeutic targets and as a promising panel of cancer biomarkers. In this work, we have developed a mass spectrometry (MS)-based method for the multiplexed and specific analysis of the entire S100 protein family in tumour tissues and have applied it to investigate the expression of S100 isoforms in the context of thyroid cancer, the main endocrine malignancy. Methods Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM)-MS and stable isotope labelling/label-free analysis were employed to investigate the expression of the 21 S100 protein isoforms in thyroid tissue samples. Specimens included 9 normal thyroid tissues and 27 tumour tissues consisting of 9 follicular adenomas (FA), 8 follicular carcinomas (FTC) and 10 papillary carcinomas (PTC). Results The multiplexed and targeted mass spectrometry method led to the detection of eleven S100 protein isoforms across all tissues. Label- and label-free analyses showed the same significant differences and results were confirmed by western blot. S100A6, S100A11 and its putative interaction partner annexin A1 showed the highest overexpression in PTC compared to normal thyroid. S100A13 was also elevated in PTC. Reduced S100A4 expression was observed in FA compared to all other tissues. FA and FTC showed reduction of S100A10 and annexin A2 expression. Conclusions Targeted mass spectrometry allows the multiplexed and specific analysis of S100 protein isoforms in tumour tissue specimens. It revealed S100A13 as a novel candidate PTC biomarker. Results show that S100A6, S100A11 and Annexin A1 could help discriminate follicular and papillary tumours. The diagnostic and functional significance of S100A4 and S100A10 reduction in follicular tumours requires further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1217-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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21
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S100A6 as a potential serum prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:2136-44. [PMID: 24705642 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased expression of S100A6 in many cancer tissues and its association with tumor behavior and patient prognosis were demonstrated, and there are no studies analyzing the serum levels of S100A6 in patients with gastric cancer (GC). AIM Serum S100A6 levels were investigated as a marker of tumor aggressiveness in patients with GC, and the S100A6 gene was examined as a potential therapeutic target in GC. METHODS Serum S100A6 levels were detected in 103 GC patients and 72 healthy subjects by ELISA. Clinicopathological features of GC patients were analyzed in correlation to serum S100A6 levels. Two small interfering RNAs against S100A6 (siRNA1-S100A6 and siRNA2-S100A6) were generated and transfected into SGC7901 cells using pSUPER gfp-neo vector, and the effects of S100A6 knockdown on cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis were evaluated in vitro. The effects of S100A6 silencing on tumor growth and metastasis were evaluated in vivo in a pseudo-metastatic GC nude mouse model. RESULTS Serum S100A6 levels were significantly higher in GC patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Serum S100A6 levels were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, perineural invasion and vascular invasion. Serum S100A6 level was an independent predictor of overall survival. SiRNA-mediated silencing of S100A6 significantly induced apoptosis and decreased proliferation, clone formation and the invasiveness of GC SGC7901 cells in vitro and significantly reduced tumor volume and number in vivo (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Serum S100A6 level may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in GC. Inhibition of S100A6 decreased the metastatic potential of GC cells.
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22
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Song HJ, Xue YL, Qiu ZL, Luo QY. Comparative serum proteomic analysis identified afamin as a downregulated protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with non-131I-avid lung metastases. Nucl Med Commun 2014; 34:1196-203. [PMID: 24089082 PMCID: PMC3815116 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loss of 131I uptake ability in metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is becoming a major obstacle in radioiodine treatment. However, there is no effective way to screen for 131I uptake ability in metastases. The identification of differentially expressed proteins by serum proteomics may contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation of DTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples were obtained from papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with non-131I-avid lung metastases and 131I-avid lung metastases. Differential protein analysis was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Candidate protein spots showing differences in expression between the two groups were identified by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and were validated by western blotting. RESULTS We found that afamin is downregulated in the serum of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with non-131I-avid lung metastases. CONCLUSION Afamin may be a potential serum biomarker for early screening of 131I uptake ability in DTC metastases and could therefore be of value in guiding radioiodine treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Ca(2+)-binding protein expression in primary human thyrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2703-2713. [PMID: 23886630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We recently identified several Ca(2+)-binding proteins (CaBP) from the S100 and annexin family to be regulated by TSH in FRTL-5 cells. Here, we study the regulation of S100A4, S100A6 and ANXA2 in primary human thyrocytes (PHT) derived from surrounding tissues (ST), cold benign thyroid nodules (CTN) and autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN). We investigated the expression and regulation of CaBP and the effect of their expression on Ca(2+) and TSHR signaling. We used an approach that accounts for the potential of an individual PHT culture to proliferate or to express thyroid differentiation features by assessing the expression of FOS and TPO. We found a strong correlation between the regulation of CaBP and the proliferation-associated transcription factor gene FOS. PKA and MEK1/2 were regulators of ANXA2 expression, while PI3-K and triiodothyronine were additionally involved in S100 regulation. The modulated expression of CaBP was reflected by changes in ATP-elicited Ca(2+) signaling in PHT. S100A4 increased the ratio of subsequent Ca(2+) responses and showed a Ca(2+) buffering effect, while ANXA2 affected the first Ca(2+) response to ATP. Overexpression of S100A4 led to a reduced activation of NFAT by TSH. Using S100A4 E33Q, D63N, F72Q and Y75K mutants we found that the effects of S100A4 expression on Ca(2+) signaling are mediated by protein interaction. We present evidence that TSH has the ability to fine-tune Ca(2+) signals through the regulation of CaBP expression. This represents a novel putative cross-regulating mechanism in thyrocytes that could affect thyrocyte signaling and physiology.
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Pusztaszeri MP, Sauder KJ, Cibas ES, Faquin WC. Fine-needle aspiration of primary Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid gland, a potential mimic of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Acta Cytol 2013; 57:406-12. [PMID: 23860349 DOI: 10.1159/000348801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) as a primary solitary nodule in the thyroid gland is rare. As a result, there are few reports of its cytologic features in thyroid aspirates where it can pose a diagnostic pitfall. CASE AND CONCLUSION: To foster familiarity with its cytomorphology, we report the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) findings of 3 specimens from 2 patients with LCH presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule. All aspirates contained numerous dispersed cells with prominent nuclear grooves, and the background showed a mixed pattern of chronic inflammation including scattered eosinophils. The aspirate from patient 1 raised a differential diagnosis that included chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and a thyroglossal duct cyst, while the aspirate from patient 2 was interpreted as 'suspicious for papillary thyroid carcinoma'. The diagnosis of LCH was confirmed in both patients after lobectomy and immunohistochemical studies that revealed positive reactivity for CD1a and S-100. LCH of the thyroid gland is rare and can pose significant diagnostic challenges, but increased familiarity with its characteristic cytomorphology can help in avoiding diagnostic pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Pusztaszeri
- Department of Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Tanca A, Pisanu S, Biosa G, Pagnozzi D, Antuofermo E, Burrai GP, Canzonieri V, Cossu-Rocca P, De Re V, Eccher A, Fanciulli G, Rocca S, Uzzau S, Addis MF. Application of 2D-DIGE to formalin-fixed diseased tissue samples from hospital repositories: results from four case studies. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:252-63. [PMID: 23090899 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the recent past, the potential suitability of fixed samples to 2D-DIGE studies has been demonstrated on model tissues, but not on "real-world" archival tissues. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the quality of the results delivered by 2D-DIGE on samples retrieved from hospital tissue repositories. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Diseased and normal tissue samples (namely, human gastric adenocarcinoma and normal gastric tissue, human lung neuroendocrine tumors, canine mammary tubulo-papillary carcinoma and normal mammary tissue, sheep liver with cloudy swelling degeneration and normal liver tissue) were retrieved from human and veterinary biorepositories and subjected to full-length protein extraction, cyanine labeling, 2D-DIGE separation, image analysis, MS analysis, and protein identification. RESULTS Archival samples could be successfully subjected to 2D-DIGE, providing maps of satisfactory resolution, although with varying pattern complexity (possibly influenced by preanalytical variables). Moreover, differentially expressed protein identities were consistent with the disease biology. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE 2D-DIGE can support biomarker discovery and validation studies on large sample cohorts. In fact, although some information complexity is lost when compared to fresh-frozen tissues, their vast availability and the associated patient information can considerably boost studies suffering limited sample availability or involving long-distance exchange of samples.
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Sharma N, Martin A, McCabe CJ. Mining the proteome: the application of tandem mass spectrometry to endocrine cancer research. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:R149-61. [PMID: 22555494 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) permits the detection of femtomolar quantities of protein from a wide variety of tissue sources. As endocrine cancers are frequently aetiologically complex, they are particularly amenable to mass spectrometry. The most widely studied aspect is the search for novel reliable biomarkers that would allow cancers to be diagnosed earlier and distinguished from benign tumours. MS/MS allows for the rapid analysis of blood and urine in addition to tumour tissue, and in this regard it has been applied on research involving thyroid, pancreatic, adrenal and ovarian cancers with varying degrees of success, as well as additional organ sites including breast and lung. The description of an individual cancer proteome potentially allows for personalized management of each patient, avoiding unnecessary therapies and targeting treatments to those which will have the most effect. The application of MS/MS to interaction proteomics is a field that has generated recent novel targets for chemotherapy. However, the technology involved in MS/MS has a number of drawbacks that at present prevent its widespread use in translational cancer research, including a poor reproducibility of results, in part due to the large amount of data generated and the inability to accurately differentiate true from false-positive results. Further, the current cost of running MS/MS restricts the number of times the experiments can be repeated, contributing to the lack of significance and concordance between studies. Despite these problems, however, MS/MS is emerging as a front line tool in endocrine cancer research and it is likely that this will continue over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Sharma
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Research and School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Dinets A, Hulchiy M, Sofiadis A, Ghaderi M, Höög A, Larsson C, Zedenius J. Clinical, genetic, and immunohistochemical characterization of 70 Ukrainian adult cases with post-Chornobyl papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:1049-60. [PMID: 22457234 PMCID: PMC3361791 DOI: 10.1530/eje-12-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is observed as a consequence of radiation exposure in connection to the Chornobyl nuclear plant accident in 1986. In this study, we report a cohort of adult Ukrainian patients diagnosed with PTC from 2004 to 2008 following exposure at the age of 18 years or younger. METHODS In total, 70 patients were identified and clinically characterized. The common BRAF 1799T>A mutation was assessed by pyrosequencing, the RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 (NCOA4) rearrangements by RT-PCR, and the expression of Ki-67 (MIB-1 index), BCL2, cyclin A, and cyclin D1 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In total, 46/70 (66%) cases carried a BRAF mutation and/or a RET/PTC rearrangement. A BRAF mutation was detected in 26 tumors, RET/PTC1 in 20 cases, and RET/PTC3 in four cases. In four of these cases, BRAF mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement were coexisting. The BRAF mutation was underrepresented among PTCs with accompanying chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) compared with PTCs without this feature (12 vs 44%). MIB-1 proliferation index determined by double staining with leukocyte common antigen was low (mean 0.8%; range 0.05-4.5%). Moreover, increased expression of cyclin A was observed in PTCs with a tumor size >2 cm compared with PTCs ≤2 cm (1.2 vs 0.6%). BCL2 and cyclin D1 showed frequent expression but without associations to clinical characteristics or amplification of the CCND1 locus. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that this cohort has frequent BRAF mutation, RET/PTC1 rearrangement, and low proliferation index. Furthermore, BRAF 1799T>A was underrepresented in PTCs with CLT, and cyclin A expression was associated with increased PTC tumor size.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Papillary/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/etiology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
- Cohort Studies
- Cyclin A/analysis
- Cyclin D1/analysis
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/chemistry
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivators/genetics
- Patched Receptors
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
- Thyroid Neoplasms/chemistry
- Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/etiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- USSR
- Ukraine/epidemiology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Dinets
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
- Kyiv City Teaching Endocrinological Center01034, KyivUkraine
- (Correspondence should be addressed to A Dinets at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; ; C Larsson at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; )
| | - Mykola Hulchiy
- Kyiv City Teaching Endocrinological Center01034, KyivUkraine
| | - Anastasios Sofiadis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Mehran Ghaderi
- Department of Oncology-PathologyKarolinska Institutet17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Anders Höög
- Department of Oncology-PathologyKarolinska Institutet17176, StockholmSweden
- Department of Pathology-CytologyKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
| | - Catharina Larsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
- Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University Hospital17176, StockholmSweden
- (Correspondence should be addressed to A Dinets at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; ; C Larsson at Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet; )
| | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, CMM, L8:01SE-17176, StockholmSweden
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Sofiadis A, Becker S, Hellman U, Hultin-Rosenberg L, Dinets A, Hulchiy M, Zedenius J, Wallin G, Foukakis T, Höög A, Auer G, Lehtiö J, Larsson C. Proteomic profiling of follicular and papillary thyroid tumors. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:657-67. [PMID: 22275472 PMCID: PMC3315832 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid proteomics is a new direction in thyroid cancer research aiming at etiological understanding and biomarker identification for improved diagnosis. METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis was applied to cytosolic protein extracts from frozen thyroid samples (ten follicular adenomas, nine follicular carcinomas, ten papillary carcinomas, and ten reference thyroids). Spots with differential expression were revealed by image and multivariate statistical analyses, and identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS A set of 25 protein spots significant for discriminating between the sample groups was identified. Proteins identified for nine of these spots were studied further including 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha, epsilon, and zeta/delta, peroxiredoxin 6, selenium-binding protein 1, protein disulfide-isomerase precursor, annexin A5 (ANXA5), tubulin alpha-1B chain, and α1-antitrypsin precursor. This subset of protein spots carried the same predictive power in differentiating between follicular carcinoma and adenoma or between follicular and papillary carcinoma, as compared with the larger set of 25 spots. Protein expression in the sample groups was demonstrated by western blot analyses. For ANXA5 and the 14-3-3 proteins, expression in tumor cell cytoplasm was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry both in the sample groups and an independent series of papillary thyroid carcinomas. CONCLUSION The proteins identified confirm previous findings in thyroid proteomics, and suggest additional proteins as dysregulated in thyroid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma
- Carcinoma, Papillary
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional/methods
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mass Spectrometry
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Protein Array Analysis/methods
- Proteomics/methods
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Validation Studies as Topic
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Sofiadis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:01 Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nipp M, Elsner M, Balluff B, Meding S, Sarioglu H, Ueffing M, Rauser S, Unger K, Höfler H, Walch A, Zitzelsberger H. S100-A10, thioredoxin, and S100-A6 as biomarkers of papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis identified by MALDI imaging. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 90:163-74. [PMID: 21938494 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0815-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), metastasis is a feature of an aggressive tumor phenotype. To identify protein biomarkers that distinguish patients with an aggressive tumor behavior, proteomic signatures in metastatic and non-metastatic tumors were investigated comparatively. In particular, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) was used to analyze primary tumor samples. We investigated a tumor cohort of PTC (n = 118) that were matched for age, tumor stage, and gender. Proteomic screening by MALDI-IMS was performed for a discovery set (n = 29). Proteins related to the discriminating mass peaks were identified by 1D-gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. The candidate proteins were subsequently validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a tissue microarray for an independent PTC validation set (n = 89). In this study, we found 36 mass-to-charge-ratio (m/z) species that specifically distinguished metastatic from non-metastatic tumors, among which m/z 11,608 was identified as thioredoxin, m/z 11,184 as S100-A10, and m/z 10,094 as S100-A6. Furthermore, using IHC on the validation set, we showed that the overexpression of these three proteins was highly associated with lymph node metastasis in PTC (p < 0.005). For functional analysis of the metastasis-specific proteins, we performed an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and discovered a strong relationship of all candidates with the TGF-β-dependent EMT pathway. Our results demonstrated the potential application of the MALDI-IMS proteomic approach in identifying protein markers of metastasis in PTC. The novel protein markers identified in this study may be used for risk stratification regarding metastatic potential in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nipp
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Güzel C, Ursem NTC, Dekker LJ, Derkx P, Joore J, van Dijk E, Ligtvoet G, Steegers EAP, Luider TM. Multiple reaction monitoring assay for pre-eclampsia related calcyclin peptides in formalin fixed paraffin embedded placenta. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:3274-82. [PMID: 21329384 DOI: 10.1021/pr1010795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the cause of pre-eclampsia during pregnancy has not been elucidated yet, it is evident that placental and maternal endothelial dysfunction is involved. We previously demonstrated that in early onset pre-eclampsia placental calcyclin (S100A6) expression is significantly higher compared to controls ( De Groot , C. J. ; Clin. Proteomics 2007 , 1 , 325 ). In the current study, the results were confirmed and relatively quantified by using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) on two peptide fragments of calcyclin. Cells were obtained from control (n = 5) and pre-eclamptic placental (n = 5) tissue collected by laser capture microdissection from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material treated with a solution to reverse formalin fixation. Two calcyclin peptides with an extra glycine inserted in the middle of the amino acid sequence were synthesized and used as an internal reference. Data presented show that MRM on laser microdissected material from FFPE tissue material is possible. The developed MRM assay to study quantitative levels of proteins in FFPE laser microdissected cells using nonisotopic-labeled chemical analogs of mass tagged internal references showed that in pre-eclamptic patients elevated levels of calcyclin is observed in placental trophoblast cells compared to normal trophoblast cells. By immunohistochemistry, we were able to confirm this observation in a qualitative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coşkun Güzel
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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