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Shwetha HJ, Arathi BP, Beto Mukherjee M, Ambedkar R, Shivaprasad S, Raichur AM, Lakshminarayana R. Zein-Alginate-Phosphatidylcholine Nanocomplex Efficiently Delivers Lycopene and Lutein over Dietary-Derived Carotenoid Mixed Micelles in Caco-2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15474-15486. [PMID: 36456189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the potency of zein-alginate-phosphatidylcholine nanoparticles (NPs) on bioaccessibility/intestinal uptake of encapsulated lycopene (LY) and lutein (LT) versus dietary absorption using simulated digestion and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. LY-zein-alginate-PC (LYZAP) and LT-zein-alginate-PC (LTZAP) NPs yield desired properties, which exhibit sustained release and are suitable for oral administration. Interestingly, co-treatment of LYZAP + LTZAP showed better release of carotenoids instead of individual treatment at intestinal pH. Bioaccessibility, cellular uptake, and basolateral secretion of LY and LT from NPs were significantly enhanced than micellar carotenoids (dietary mode of absorption). The increased absorption of carotenoids from NPs correlated with triglyceride levels. The intestinal cell uptake of carotenoids by nanoencapsulation may be due to endocytosis, paracellular, and SRB-1 protein-mediated transport. Overall, LYZAP and LTZAP NPs possess superior properties to control the release and cellular uptake of unique or distinct carotenoids. The inclusion of alginate and phosphatidylcholine in zein-based nanoencapsulation could be a promising strategy to improve carotenoid bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulikere Jagdish Shwetha
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bengaluru560 056, India
| | | | - Mousumi Beto Mukherjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru560 012, India
| | - Rudrappa Ambedkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bengaluru560 056, India
| | - Shilpa Shivaprasad
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bengaluru560 056, India
| | - Ashok M Raichur
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru560 012, India
| | - Rangaswamy Lakshminarayana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bengaluru560 056, India
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Poggioni L, Romi M, Guarnieri M, Cai G, Cantini C. Nutraceutical profile of goji (Lycium barbarum L.) berries in relation to environmental conditions and harvesting period. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Structural and physicochemical properties of composites between starch nanoparticles and β-carotene prepared via nanoprecipitation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:100-110. [PMID: 35705125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To apply starch nanoparticles (SNP) as host materials for β-carotene encapsulation, aqueous SNP dispersions (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/10 mL) and β-carotene in acetone (10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL) were mixed. The acetone in the mixture was evaporated to prepare SNP and β-carotene composites, which were homogeneously dispersed in aqueous media with over 90 % solubility. When SNP content was higher than 50 mg, over 80 % of β-carotene was encapsulated in the composite matrix. X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopic analyses confirmed the micellar-shaped composite particles with diameters <120 nm and an amorphous structure. High SNP content in the composites enhanced β-carotene stability under extremely hot and acidic conditions as well as against ultraviolet rays and oxidation reactions. The encapsulated β-carotene was not readily released in simulated gastric fluid, but was gradually released in simulated intestinal fluid via SNP digestion in the composites.
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Isomerization and degradation of all-trans-β-carotene during in-vitro digestion. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jesus F, Gonçalves AC, Alves G, Silva LR. Health Benefits of Prunus avium Plant Parts: An Unexplored Source Rich in Phenolic Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1854781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Jesus
- CICS - UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS - UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS - UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS - UBI – Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
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Ali A, Ahmad U, Akhtar J, Badruddeen, Khan MM. Engineered nano scale formulation strategies to augment efficiency of nutraceuticals. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Saiwal N, Dahiya M, Dureja H. Nutraceutical Insight into Vegetables and their Potential for Nutrition Mediated Healthcare. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180115151107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The connection between food and good health is not a new concept. Vegetables
are being used as a source of nutrition since long. Dietary active components are essential for the
normal functioning of the human body.
Methods:
The study basically involves all the three categories of research methodologies, including
analytic, descriptive and historical. It involves secondary data from scientific reports, books, and
journals.
Results:
Vegetables can be considered as nutraceuticals since they supply bioactive compounds effective
in decreasing the risk of many diseases. Vegetables are considered to be protective foods since
they contain low calories and higher vitamins and minerals. Vegetables are potentially suitable against
civilization diseases, which are caused by the lack of nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants
(vitamin E, vitamin C, β-carotene, selenium, zinc, cryptoxanthin, lycopene etc), and other micronutrients.
Conclusion:
The presence of bioactive compounds like phytochemicals offers nutraceutical values to
vegetables. Nutraceutical rich vegetables have been established to have a role in gastrointestinal disorders,
cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Vegetables and fruits not only
have the potential to stop the growth of disease but also can cure many diseases and boost the immune
system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Saiwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| | - Mandeep Dahiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - 124001, India
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Liu Z, Ren Z, Zhang J, Chuang CC, Kandaswamy E, Zhou T, Zuo L. Role of ROS and Nutritional Antioxidants in Human Diseases. Front Physiol 2018; 9:477. [PMID: 29867535 PMCID: PMC5966868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the development of various chronic and degenerative diseases such as cancer, respiratory, neurodegenerative, and digestive diseases. Under physiological conditions, the concentrations of ROS are subtlety regulated by antioxidants, which can be either generated endogenously or externally supplemented. A combination of antioxidant-deficiency and malnutrition may render individuals more vulnerable to oxidative stress, thereby increasing the risk of cancer occurrence. In addition, antioxidant defense can be overwhelmed during sustained inflammation such as in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and aging. Certain antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin D, are essential in regulating biochemical pathways that lead to the proper functioning of the organs. Antioxidant supplementation has been shown to attenuate endogenous antioxidant depletion thus alleviating associated oxidative damage in some clinical research. However, some results indicate that antioxidants exert no favorable effects on disease control. Thus, more studies are warranted to investigate the complicated interactions between ROS and different types of antioxidants for restoration of the redox balance under pathologic conditions. This review highlights the potential roles of ROS and nutritional antioxidants in the pathogenesis of several redox imbalance-related diseases and the attenuation of oxidative stress-induced damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Liu
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Ezhou Central Hospital, Wuhan University, Ezhou, China
| | - Zhangpin Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Ezhou Central Hospital, Wuhan University, Ezhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Ezhou Central Hospital, Wuhan University, Ezhou, China
| | - Chia-Chen Chuang
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eswar Kandaswamy
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tingyang Zhou
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Li Zuo
- Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Fardet A. Characterization of the Degree of Food Processing in Relation With Its Health Potential and Effects. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 85:79-129. [PMID: 29860978 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Up today technological processes are intended to produce safe and palatable food products. Yet, it is also expected that processing produces healthy and sustainable foods. However, due to the dramatic increase of chronic diseases prevalence worldwide, i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers, ultraprocessing has been pointed out as producing unhealthy foods, rich in energy and poor in protective micronutrients and fiber, i.e., "empty" calories. Indeed the 1980s saw massive arrivals of ultraprocessed foods in supermarkets, i.e., fractionated-recombined foods with added ingredients and/or additives. Epidemiological studies clearly emphasized that populations adhering the most to ultraprocessed foods, e.g., processed meat, refined grains, ultraprocessed plant-based foods, and/or sweetened beverages, exhibited the higher prevalence of chronic diseases. This prompted researchers to classify foods according to their degree of processing as with the international NOVA classification (i.e., un/minimally processed, processed, and ultraprocessed foods). More and more studies showed that such a classification makes sense for health. Overall one distinguishes three categories of processes: mechanical, thermal, and fermentative treatments, this latter being the more favorable to food health potential. This chapter has therefore several ambitions: (1) to review association between degree of food processing and chronic disease risk prevalence; (2) to explore the impact of technological processes on food health potential considering both matrix and compositional effects; (3) to discuss the need for classifying food according to their degree of processing in future epidemiological studies; and (4) to analyze consequences of adhering to a more holistic paradigm in both food processing and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Stout MA, Benoist DM, Drake MA. Technical note: Simultaneous carotenoid and vitamin analysis of milk from total mixed ration-fed cows optimized for xanthophyll detection. J Dairy Sci 2018. [PMID: 29525312 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, and major carotenoids in dairy products are often determined simultaneously by liquid chromatography. These compounds have different polarity and solubility; thus, extracting them simultaneously can be difficult and inefficient. In milks with low carotenoid concentrations, the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin may not be completely resolved using common extraction techniques. A simplified method was developed to optimize extraction efficiency and the limit of detection and limit of quantification (LoQ) of lutein and zeaxanthin in bovine milk without decreasing sensitivity to other vitamins or carotenoids. The developed method evaluates lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol simultaneously by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection. Common saponification temperatures (40-60°C) and concentrations of KOH in water (10-50% KOH wt/vol) were evaluated. Multiple solvents were evaluated for optimal xanthophyll extraction (diethyl ether, dichloromethane, hexane, and tetrahydrofuran) following saponification. The limit of detection and LoQ were defined as 3:1 and 10:1 signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. All experiments were performed in triplicate. The optimal saponification procedure was a concentration of 25% KOH at either 40 or 50°C. Saponified extracts solubilized in solutions containing diethyl ether had greater concentrations of lutein- than hexane- or tetrahydrofuran-based solutions, with peak areas above LoQ values. The solution containing diethyl ether solubilized similar concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene when compared with other solutions. The proposed optimized method allows for the simultaneous determination of carotenoids from milk with increased lutein and zeaxanthin sensitivity without sacrificing recovery of retinol, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stout
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - D M Benoist
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695
| | - M A Drake
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Science, Southeast Dairy Foods Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695.
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Fardet A, Morise A, Kalonji E, Margaritis I, Mariotti F. Influence of phytosterol and phytostanol food supplementation on plasma liposoluble vitamins and provitamin A carotenoid levels in humans: An updated review of the evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1906-1921. [PMID: 26193046 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1033611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols and phytostanols (PAP) compete with cholesterol absorption in the intestine, resulting in a 5-15%-reduction in plasma total and LDL cholesterol. An important issue is the PAP potential to reduce the plasma concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins and provitamin A carotenoids. Here, an update of the scientific evidence is reviewed to evaluate plant PAP-enriched foods impact on plasma fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoid levels, and to discuss potential implications in terms of cardiovascular risk. Based on 49 human interventional and 3 bioavailability studies, results showed that regular consumption, particularly over the long term, of foods fortified with PAP as recommended in labeling does not significantly impact plasma vitamins A, D, and K concentration. A 10% significant median reduction was observed for α-tocopherol. Concerning carotenoids, while 13 studies did not demonstrate statistically significant plasma β-carotene reduction, 20 studies showed significant reductions, with median effect size of -24%. This decline can be mitigated or offset by increased fruits and vegetables consumption. Furthermore, higher cardiovascular risk was observed for differences in plasma β-carotene concentration of the same magnitude as the estimated average decrease by PAP consumption. These results are supported by the only study of β-carotene bioavailability showing decrease in absorption by phytosterols daily intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- a INRA, JRU 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand & Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine , Clermont - Ferrand , France
| | - Anne Morise
- b ANSES, Unité d'Evaluation de Risques liés à la Nutrition , Maison-Alfort , France
| | - Esther Kalonji
- b ANSES, Unité d'Evaluation de Risques liés à la Nutrition , Maison-Alfort , France
| | - Irène Margaritis
- b ANSES, Unité d'Evaluation de Risques liés à la Nutrition , Maison-Alfort , France
| | - François Mariotti
- c AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France.,d INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior , Paris , France
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Ho NH, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH. Utilization of Microemulsions from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz to Improve Carotenoid Bioavailability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25426. [PMID: 27150134 PMCID: PMC4858739 DOI: 10.1038/srep25426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been known to reduce the risk of several diseases including cancer and cardiovascular. However, carotenoids are unstable and susceptible to degradation. Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (R. nasutus), a Chinese medicinal herb rich in carotenoids, was reported to possess vital biological activities such as anti-cancer. This study intends to isolate carotenoids from R. nasutus by column chromatography, identify and quantify by HPLC-MS, and prepare carotenoid microemulsions for determination of absolute bioavailability in rats. Initially, carotenoid fraction was isolated using 250 mL ethyl acetate poured into an open-column packed with magnesium oxide-diatomaceous earth (1:3, w/w). Fourteen carotenoids including internal standard β-apo-8'-carotenal were resolved within 62 min by a YMC C30 column and gradient mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water (82:14:4, v/v/v) and methylene chloride. Highly stable carotenoid microemulsions were prepared using a mixture of Capryol(TM)90, Transcutol®HP, Tween 80 and deionized water, with the mean particle being 10.4 nm for oral administration and 10.7 nm for intravenous injection. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that the absolute bioavailability of carotenoids in microemulsions and dispersion was 0.45% and 0.11%, respectively, while a much higher value of 6.25% and 1.57% were shown for lutein, demonstrating 4-fold enhancement in bioavailability upon incorporation of R. nasutus carotenoids into a microemulsion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Hsing Ho
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen University, Taipei 242, Taiwan
| | | | - Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen University, Taipei 242, Taiwan
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Ortiz D, Rocheford T, Ferruzzi MG. Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Stability of Carotenoids in Biofortified Maize ( Zea mays L.) Genotypes during Controlled Postharvest Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2727-36. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Ortiz
- Department of Food Science, ‡Department of Agronomy, and #Department of Nutrition
Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Torbert Rocheford
- Department of Food Science, ‡Department of Agronomy, and #Department of Nutrition
Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Department of Food Science, ‡Department of Agronomy, and #Department of Nutrition
Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Heart failure (HF) is a condition of chronic exacerbations and injury resulting from an intricate relationship between biochemical and biological mechanisms. Inflammation can be a significant contributor in the pathophysiology of HF. Antioxidants may slow the progression of HF because of their ability to inhibit damaging inflammatory processes. The purpose of this study was to test a dietary intervention in patients with HF to assess the impact of lycopene on biomarkers of inflammation. SUBJECTS/METHODS Forty participants with HF were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: lycopene intervention and usual care. The lycopene intervention group received 29.4 mg of lycopene intake per day by drinking an 11.5 oz serving of V8 100% vegetable juice for 30 days. We obtained serum lycopene, uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), and b-type natriuretic peptide to determine the impact of the intervention. RESULTS Plasma lycopene levels increased in the intervention group compared with the usual care group (0.51 μmol/L to 0.76 μmol/L, P = .002; 0.56 μmol/L to 0.58 μmol/L). C-reactive protein levels decreased significantly in the intervention group in women and but not in men (P = .04). The preintervention CRP level for women was 5.9 ± 3.7 mg/dL and for men was 2.2 ± 2.1 mg/dL. The postintervention CRP level for women was 4.5 ± 3.6 mg/dL and for men was 2.4 ± 2.1 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the antioxidants in a 30-day intervention of V8 juice affect CRP levels in a sample of female patients with HF.
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Shin GH, Kim JT, Park HJ. Recent developments in nanoformulations of lipophilic functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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18
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Kim JY, Huber KC. Preparation and characterization of corn starch-β-carotene composites. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 136:394-401. [PMID: 26572369 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Starch-β-carotene composites were generated by drop-wise addition of ethanol comprising varying β-carotene contents (5, 10, or 20mg) into starch pastes (1, 3, or 5% w/v) to improve water-dispersibility and stability of β-carotene. The mean diameter of the composites was less than 900 nm, allowing particles to be homogeneously dispersed in aqueous media for over two weeks without sedimentation. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the composite mainly consisted of Vh-amylose, amorphous starch matrices, and starch-β-carotene ordered structures. Both amorphous matrices and Vh-amylose structures in the composite were readily digested within 20 min in vitro digestion, while highly ordered structures, which melted between 132 and 159 °C, exhibited inhibited and/or delayed enzymatic digestion. As more β-carotene was incorporated into the composite, the β-carotene content of the ordered structure was increased. Formation of starch-β-carotene composites also appeared to enhance the stability of β-carotene against chemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yea Kim
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 442312, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
| | - Kerry C Huber
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 442312, Moscow, ID 83844, USA.
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19
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Évaluation de l’activité anti-oxydante de différents extraits des feuilles d’Aloysia triphylla (L’Hérit.) d’Algérie in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-0969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Singh A, Ahmad S, Ahmad A. Green extraction methods and environmental applications of carotenoids-a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10243j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers and discusses various aspects of carotenoids including their chemistry, classification, biosynthesis, extraction methods (conventional and non-conventional), analytical techniques and biological roles in living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
- India
| | - Anees Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
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21
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Palmero P, Panozzo A, Simatupang D, Hendrickx M, Van Loey A. Lycopene and β-carotene transfer to oil and micellar phases during in vitro digestion of tomato and red carrot based-fractions. Food Res Int 2014; 64:831-838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Fardet A, Rock E. Toward a new philosophy of preventive nutrition: from a reductionist to a holistic paradigm to improve nutritional recommendations. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:430-46. [PMID: 25022992 PMCID: PMC4085191 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.006122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The reductionist approach has been predominant to date in human nutrition research and has unraveled some of the fundamental mechanisms at the basis of food nutrients (e.g., those that involve deficiency diseases). In Western countries, along with progress in medicine and pharmacology, the reductionist approach helped to increase life expectancy. However, despite 40 y of research in nutrition, epidemics of obesity and diabetes are growing each year worldwide, both in developed and developing countries, leading to a decrease in healthy life years. Yet, interactions between nutrition-health relations cannot be modeled on the basis of a linear cause-effect relation between 1 food compound and 1 physiologic effect but rather from multicausal nonlinear relations. In other words, explaining the whole from the specific by a bottom-up reductionist approach has its limits. A top-down approach becomes necessary to investigate complex issues through a holistic view before addressing any specific question to explain the whole. However, it appears that both approaches are necessary and mutually reinforcing. In this review, Eastern and Western research perspectives are first presented, laying out bases for what could be the consequences of applying a reductionist versus holistic approach to research in nutrition vis-à-vis public health, environmental sustainability, breeding, biodiversity, food science and processing, and physiology for improving nutritional recommendations. Therefore, research that replaces reductionism with a more holistic approach will reveal global and efficient solutions to the problems encountered from the field to the plate. Preventive human nutrition can no longer be considered as "pharmacology" or foods as "drugs."
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- Department of Human Nutrition, INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Edmond Rock
- Department of Human Nutrition, INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; and Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Preparation of aqueous dispersion of β-carotene nano-composites through complex formation with starch dextrin. Food Hydrocoll 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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de Mello-Sampayo C, Corvo ML, Mendes R, Duarte D, Lucas J, Pinto R, Batista AP, Raymundo A, Silva-Lima B, Bandarra NM, Gouveia L. Insights on the safety of carotenogenic Chlorella vulgaris in rodents. ALGAL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Lakshminarayana R, Baskaran V. Influence of olive oil on the bioavailability of carotenoids. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vallikannan Baskaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition and Department of Molecular NutritionCentral Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR)MysoreIndia
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26
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Franke AA, Lai JF, Morrison CM, Pagano I, Li X, Halm BM, Soon R, Custer LJ. Coenzyme Q10, carotenoid, tocopherol, and retinol levels in cord plasma from multiethnic subjects in Hawaii. Free Radic Res 2013; 47:757-68. [PMID: 23829202 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.822495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (Q10), carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinol are the major circulating lipid-phase micronutrients (LPM) known to help mitigate oxidative damage and prevent chronic diseases. However, the functions of these compounds in newborns are little understood. This is due, in part, to the paucity of studies reporting their concentrations in this population. We measured Q10, carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinol in cord plasma from 100 multiethnic subjects living in Hawaii using HPLC with diode array and electrochemical detection. Appropriate internal standards were used including, for the first time, custom designed oxidized (UN10) and reduced (UL10) Q10 analogues. These compounds reflected the oxidation of UL10 to UN10 that occurred during sample processing and analysis and thus permitted accurate adjustments of natively circulating Q10 levels. All LPM measured were much lower in cord than in peripheral plasma. Cord plasma levels of total carotenoids, tocopherols, and retinol were approximately 10-fold, 3- to 5-fold and 1.5- to 3-fold lower than those in children or women. Cord plasma levels of total Q10 (TQ10; median, 113 ng/mL) were approximately 2-fold or 7- to 9-fold lower than peripheral plasma levels of neonates or children and adults, respectively. In contrast, the UN10/TQ10 ratio was substantially higher in cord (24%) than in peripheral plasma of children (3-4%) or adults (9%). Among the 5 ethnic groups in our cohort, no differences were observed in the levels of UN10, UL10, or TQ10. However, significant differences in many of the LPM were observed between ethnicities. More research is needed to explain these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Franke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Chen JR, Wu JJ, Lin JCT, Wang YC, Young CC, Shieh CJ, Hsu SL, Chang CMJ. Low density supercritical fluids precipitation of 9-cis and all trans-β-carotenes enriched particulates from Dunaliella salina. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1299:1-9. [PMID: 23777834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) pulverization coupled with reverse phase elution chromatography was employed to isolate 9-cis and trans-β-carotenes from Dunaliella salina. Total concentration of 9-cis (134.7mg/g) and trans-β-carotene (204.2mg/g) was increased from 338.9mg/g of the ultrasonic extract to 859.7mg/g (338.9 for 9-cis and 520.8 for trans) of the elution fraction. The SAS pulverization of the collected fraction further produced submicron-sized particulates containing 932.1mg/g (355.6 for 9-cis and 576.5 for trans) of total β-carotenes with a recovery of 86.3% (83.9% for cis and 87.8% for trans). Effects of two SAS operational conditions on the purity, recovery of total β-carotenes, mean size and morphology of the precipitates were obtained from an experimentally designed method. Generation of micronized particulates enriched with 9-cis and trans-β-carotenes by low-density SAS was proved to be feasible and environmental benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ren Chen
- National Chung Hsing University, Chemical Engineering Department, No. 250, Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Lai JF, Franke AA. Analysis of circulating lipid-phase micronutrients in humans by HPLC: review and overview of new developments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 931:23-41. [PMID: 23770735 PMCID: PMC4439215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinol, tocopherols, coenzyme Q10, carotenoids, and vitamin D are lipophilic compounds shown to function as important health-protective agents by mitigating the damaging effects of oxidative and other injury. Scientific interest in evaluating these compounds has resurfaced in recent years, particularly in the nutritional, clinical and epidemiologic fields, and has precipitated the development of a multitude of new analytical techniques. This review considers recent developments in HPLC-based assays since 2007 for the simultaneous determination of these lipid-phase compounds utilizing exclusively serum or plasma as these matrices are mostly used in clinical and epidemiological investigations. We also provide an overview of blood measurements for selected carotenoids, tocopherols, coenzyme Q10 and retinol from the last 15years of healthy umbilical cord blood, children, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F. Lai
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States
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29
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Hejri A, Gharanjig K, Khosravi A, Hejazi M. EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON KINETICS OF β-CAROTENE PHOTODEGRADATION IN EMULSIONS. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2012.712581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ye Y, Li J, Yuan Z. Effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56803. [PMID: 23437244 PMCID: PMC3577664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidant vitamin (vitamin E, beta-carotene, and vitamin C) are widely used for preventing major cardiovascular outcomes. However, the effect of antioxidant vitamin on cardiovascular events remains unclear. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We searched PubMed, EmBase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the proceedings of major conferences for relevant literature. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that reported on the effects of antioxidant vitamin on cardiovascular outcomes as compared to placebo. Outcomes analyzed were major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac death, total death, and any possible adverse events. We used the I(2) statistic to measure heterogeneity between trials and calculated risk estimates for cardiovascular outcomes with random-effect meta-analysis. Independent extraction was performed by two reviewers and consensus was reached. Of 293 identified studies, we included 15 trials reporting data on 188209 participants. These studies reported 12749 major cardiovascular events, 6699 myocardial infarction, 3749 strokes, 14122 total death, and 5980 cardiac deaths. Overall, antioxidant vitamin supplementation as compared to placebo had no effect on major cardiovascular events (RR, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.96-1.03), myocardial infarction (RR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.92-1.04), stroke (RR, 0.99; 95%CI, 0.93-1.05), total death (RR, 1.03; 95%CI, 0.98-1.07), cardiac death (RR, 1.02; 95%CI, 0.97-1.07), revascularization (RR, 1.00; 95%CI, 0.95-1.05), total CHD (RR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.87-1.05), angina (RR, 0.98; 95%CI, 0.90-1.07), and congestive heart failure (RR, 1.07; 95%CI, 0.96 to 1.19). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Antioxidant vitamin supplementation has no effect on the incidence of major cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke, total death, and cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxiang Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Diffusion Profiles of Health Beneficial Components from Goji Berry ( Lyceum barbarum) Marinated in Alcohol and Their Antioxidant Capacities as Affected by Alcohol Concentration and Steeping Time. Foods 2013; 2:32-42. [PMID: 28239094 PMCID: PMC5302230 DOI: 10.3390/foods2010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit (goji berry) of Lycium barbarum, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in health diets due to its potential role in the prevention of chronic diseases. One of the most popular applications of goji berry is to make goji wine in China by steeping goji berry in grain liquor. However, how the steeping process affects antioxidant capacities and phytochemicals of goji berry is not yet fully understood. Therefore, to provide scientific data for the utilization of goji berry in the nutraceutical industry, the diffusion rate of betaine, β-carotene, phenolic compounds in goji berry and their antioxidant capacities affected by alcohol concentration and steeping time were determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that low alcohol concentration (15% or 25%) would promote the diffusion of betaine and increase antioxidant activity, while high concentration (55% or 65%) would generally increase the diffusion of flavonoids and reduce antioxidant activity. The steeping time had no significant effect on the diffusion of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. However, all goji berry wine steeped for 14 days with different alcohol concentrations exhibited the highest betaine concentration. Current findings provide useful information for the nutraceutical industries to choose proper steeping time and alcohol concentration to yield desired health promotion components from goji.
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Production of all trans-beta-carotene by using impinging flow of supercritical carbon dioxide anti-solvent pulverization. J Chromatogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Antioxidant activity and protecting health effects of common medicinal plants. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 67:75-139. [PMID: 23034115 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394598-3.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are traditionally used in folk medicine as natural healing remedies with therapeutic effects such as prevention of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation disorders, or reducing the risk of cancer. In addition, pharmacological industry utilizes medicinal plants due to the presence of active chemical substances as agents for drug synthesis. They are valuable also for food and cosmetic industry as additives, due to their preservative effects because of the presence of antioxidants and antimicrobial constituents. To commonly used medicinal plants with antioxidant activity known worldwide belong plants from several families, especially Lamiaceae (rosemary, sage, oregano, marjoram, basil, thyme, mints, balm), Apiaceae (cumin, fennel, caraway), and Zingiberaceae (turmeric, ginger). The antioxidant properties of medicinal plants depend on the plant, its variety, environmental conditions, climatic and seasonal variations, geographical regions of growth, degree of ripeness, growing practices, and many other factors such as postharvest treatment and processing. In addition, composition and concentration of present antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds, are related to antioxidant effect. For appropriate determination of antioxidant capacity, the extraction technique, its conditions, solvent used, and particular assay methodology are important.
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Martínez-Tomás R, Larqué E, González-Silvera D, Sánchez-Campillo M, Burgos MI, Wellner A, Parra S, Bialek L, Alminger M, Pérez-Llamas F. Effect of the consumption of a fruit and vegetable soup with high in vitro carotenoid bioaccessibility on serum carotenoid concentrations and markers of oxidative stress in young men. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:231-9. [PMID: 21647668 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of the daily intake of a fruit & vegetable soup with high in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids on β-carotene and lycopene serum concentrations. METHODS Fourteen healthy young men (24 ± 1 years) received 300 mL/day of a carrot, tomato, and broccoli soup, containing 3.9 mg β-carotene and 4 mg lycopene, for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week washout period. The serum carotenoid response and oxidative markers were analyzed after 3 and 4 weeks of soup consumption and after a 4-week washout. RESULTS The in vitro bioaccessibility of β-carotene and lycopene was 55 and 43%, respectively, in the soup. Serum β-carotene concentrations were significantly higher than baseline (0.33 ± 0.05 μmol/L) after 3 weeks (0.69 ± 0.06 μmol/L) and 4 weeks (0.78 ± 0.10 μmol/L) of soup consumption (P < 0.001). Serum lycopene was also significantly higher compared with baseline levels (0.26 ± 0.08-0.56 ± 0.04 μmol/L and 0.60 ± 0.04 μmol/L, after 3 and 4 weeks, respectively) (P < 0.001). Although the highest concentration of both carotenoids was found after 4 weeks, the levels were not statistically different from the levels at 3 weeks. A 4-week washout significantly decreased serum carotenoid concentrations, although only β-carotene returned to baseline. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased significantly after soup supplementation compared with baseline, while superoxide dismutase was significantly lower only after 3 weeks. Glutathione reductase, lipid, protein, and DNA oxidative markers remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS The soup contributed to increasing the concentration of each carotenoid by more than 100% after 3 and 4 weeks of consumption, the maximum increase being observed after 4 weeks. Oxidative markers did not show any variation except for GPx. Serum lycopene half-life was longer than that of β-carotene, which may be important for studies evaluating both carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Tomás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Vílchez C, Forján E, Cuaresma M, Bédmar F, Garbayo I, Vega JM. Marine carotenoids: biological functions and commercial applications. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:319-33. [PMID: 21556162 PMCID: PMC3083653 DOI: 10.3390/md9030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are the most common pigments in nature and are synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and fungi. Carotenoids are considered key molecules for life. Light capture, photosynthesis photoprotection, excess light dissipation and quenching of singlet oxygen are among key biological functions of carotenoids relevant for life on earth. Biological properties of carotenoids allow for a wide range of commercial applications. Indeed, recent interest in the carotenoids has been mainly for their nutraceutical properties. A large number of scientific studies have confirmed the benefits of carotenoids to health and their use for this purpose is growing rapidly. In addition, carotenoids have traditionally been used in food and animal feed for their color properties. Carotenoids are also known to improve consumer perception of quality; an example is the addition of carotenoids to fish feed to impart color to farmed salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vílchez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, International Centre for Environmental Research (CIECEM), University of Huelva, 21760 Huelva, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.); (M.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Eduardo Forján
- Algal Biotechnology Group, International Centre for Environmental Research (CIECEM), University of Huelva, 21760 Huelva, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.); (M.C.); (I.G.)
| | - María Cuaresma
- Algal Biotechnology Group, International Centre for Environmental Research (CIECEM), University of Huelva, 21760 Huelva, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.); (M.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Francisco Bédmar
- Faculty of Business, University of Huelva, Plaza de la Merced 11, 21071 Huelva, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Inés Garbayo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, International Centre for Environmental Research (CIECEM), University of Huelva, 21760 Huelva, Spain; E-Mails: (E.F.); (M.C.); (I.G.)
| | - José M. Vega
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; E-Mail:
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Marino M, Masella R, Bulzomi P, Campesi I, Malorni W, Franconi F. Nutrition and human health from a sex-gender perspective. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:1-70. [PMID: 21356234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition exerts a life-long impact on human health, and the interaction between nutrition and health has been known for centuries. The recent literature has suggested that nutrition could differently influence the health of male and female individuals. Until the last decade of the 20th century, research on women has been neglected, and the results obtained in men have been directly translated to women in both the medicine and nutrition fields. Consequently, most modern guidelines are based on studies predominantly conducted on men. However, there are many sex-gender differences that are the result of multifactorial inputs, including gene repertoires, sex steroid hormones, and environmental factors (e.g., food components). The effects of these different inputs in male and female physiology will be different in different periods of ontogenetic development as well as during pregnancy and the ovarian cycle in females, which are also age dependent. As a result, different strategies have evolved to maintain male and female body homeostasis, which, in turn, implies that there are important differences in the bioavailability, metabolism, distribution, and elimination of foods and beverages in males and females. This article will review some of these differences underlying the impact of food components on the risk of developing diseases from a sex-gender perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marino
- Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, I-00146 Roma, Italy
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Stability of the total antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content of 23 commercially available vegetable juices before and after in vitro digestion measured by FRAP, DPPH, ABTS and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
Seaweeds are a good source of some water- (B(1), B(2), B(12), C) and fat-soluble (β-carotene with vitamin A activity, vitamin E) vitamins. To ensure that the adequate intake of all vitamins is received in the diet, people (especially people on special diet, strict vegetarians, and vegans) can consume foods enriched with vitamins, for example, in the form of functional foods with vitamins as nutraceuticals, extracted from natural sources such as seaweeds. Seaweed vitamins are important not only due to their biochemical functions and antioxidant activity but also due to other health benefits such as decreasing of blood pressure (vitamin C), prevention of cardiovascular diseases (β-carotene), or reducing the risk of cancer (vitamins E and C, carotenoids).
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Abstract
Carotenoids are one of the most widespread groups of pigments in nature and more than 600 of these have been identified. Beside provitamin A activity, carotenoids are important as antioxidants and protective agents against various diseases. They are isoprenoids with a long polyene chain containing 3 to 15 conjugated double bonds, which determines their absorption spectrum. Cyclization at one or both ends occurs in hydrocarbon carotene, while xanthophylls are formed by the introduction of oxygen. In addition, modifications involving chain elongation, isomerization, or degradation are also found. The composition of carotenoids in food may vary depending upon production practices, post-harvest handling, processing, and storage. In higher plants they are synthesized in the plastid. Both mevalonate dependent and independent pathway for the formation of isopentenyl diphosphate are known. Isopentenyl diphosphate undergoes a series of addition and condensation reactions to form phytoene, which gets converted to lycopene. Cyclization of lycopene either leads to the formation of β-carotene and its derivative xanthophylls, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and violaxanthin or α-carotene and lutein. Even though most of the carotenoid biosynthetic genes have been cloned and identified, some aspects of carotenoid formation and manipulation in higher plants especially remain poorly understood. In order to enhance the carotenoid content of crop plants to a level that will be required for the prevention of diseases, there is a need for research in both the basic and the applied aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Namitha
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR), Mysore, India
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Papaioannou EH, Stoforos NG, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M. Substrate contribution on free radical scavenging capacity of carotenoid extracts produced from Blakeslea trispora cultures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Wang C, Chang S, Inbaraj BS, Chen B. Isolation of carotenoids, flavonoids and polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum L. and evaluation of antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chung HY, Ferreira ALA, Epstein S, Paiva SAR, Castaneda-Sceppa C, Johnson EJ. Site-specific concentrations of carotenoids in adipose tissue: relations with dietary and serum carotenoid concentrations in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:533-9. [PMID: 19587090 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary carotenoids are related to a decreased risk of certain diseases. Serum and adipose tissue carotenoid concentrations are used as biomarkers of intake. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate site-specific concentrations of carotenoids in adipose tissue and to examine relations between carotenoid concentrations in the diet, serum, and adipose tissue. DESIGN Healthy adults (12 women and 13 men) participated in this cross-sectional study. Dietary carotenoids over the past year were assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. Serum and adipose tissue biopsy samples were collected from the abdomen, buttock, and inner thigh for the measurement of carotenoids by HPLC. RESULTS Many adipose carotenoids were inversely related to percentage body fat, although lycopene was the only carotenoid inversely correlated with all 3 sites. Most of the carotenoids were significantly higher in the abdominal adipose tissue than in the thigh (P < 0.05). Concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, 5-cis-lycopene, and total carotenoids were significantly higher in the buttocks than in the thigh (P < 0.05). Concentrations of alpha-carotene, cis-lycopene, and lutein (with or without zeaxanthin) were significantly higher in the abdomen than in the buttocks (P < 0.05). Dietary intake was significantly correlated with serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and total carotenoids. Carotenoid intake was significantly correlated with adipose tissue concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, cis-lycopene, and total carotenoids (P < 0.05) but varied by site. Of all the adipose tissue sites evaluated, the abdomen showed the strongest correlation with long-term dietary carotenoid intakes and with serum (indicator of short-term intake) for most carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS Body fat may influence the tissue distribution of carotenoids. Abdominal adipose tissue carotenoid concentrations may be a useful indicator of carotenoid status.
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Attia AA. Histological and electron microscopic studies of the effect of beta-carotene on the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:301-14. [PMID: 19579963 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.301.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the protective effect of beta-carotene on induction of diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ), 45 albino rats, weighed about 110-130 g were used. They were divided randomly into six groups. GI rats used as control; GII rats were injected i.p. with a single dose of 40 mg streptozotocin (STZ) to become diabetic; GIII and GIV, the diabetic rats were injected i.p. with 0.3 and 0.1 mg beta-carotene, respectively; GV and GVI rats were injected i.p. only with 0.3 and 0.1 mg beta-carotene respectively. At the end of the experiment, the final body weights, blood glucose and insulin levels were determined and the values were statistically analyzed. Histological, semithin and ultrathin sections were prepared for pancreatic tissues. In the diabetic rats (GII), there was significant loss in body weight accompanied by significant increase in blood glucose levels. In addition, many light and electron microscopic changes were observed in the acinar and endocrine beta-cells of islets of pancreas. These changes were summarized as disturbance of acini arrangement, shrinkage and pyknotic nuclei, vacuolation and dissolution of mitochondria and Golgi elements, degranulation of beta-cells. In addition to the significant decrease in blood glucose levels, 0.3 mg beta-carotene (Gill) had decreased most of these changes than 0.1 mg of it (GIV). So, GIII provides more protection for the pancreatic tissue more than GIV. Also, the results revealed that injection of rats only with 0.3 and 0.1 mg beta-carotene (GV and GVI) had no observable changes in the pancreatic tissues, except that there was an increase in number of the vacuolized mitochondria in most acinar and beta-cells of islets. In conclusions, 0.3 mg beta-carotene could normalize the biochemical disorders of diabetes and provides more protection for the pancreatic tissues than 0.1 mg from the damaging effect of STZ to a greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Attia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Abstract
As we approach the end of the first 50 years of human space travel, much has been learned about adaptation to microgravity and the risks associated with extended-duration space exploration. As the frequency and duration of flights grew, nutrition issues became more critical and the questions to be answered became more complex: What are the nutrient requirements for space travelers? Can nutrients be used as tools to mitigate the negative effects of space travel on humans? How does nutrition interrelate with other physiological systems (such as muscle, bone, and cardiovascular system) and their adaptation to microgravity? Much research has been done over the decades in both actual spaceflight and ground-based analogs. We review here much of what is known, and highlight areas of ongoing research and concerns for future exploration of the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Smith
- Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
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Hung CF, Huang TF, Chen BH, Shieh JM, Wu PH, Wu WB. Lycopene inhibits TNF-alpha-induced endothelial ICAM-1 expression and monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:275-82. [PMID: 18439578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-8, which can enhance binding of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to endothelium and upregulate expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on endothelium during atherogenesis. Lycopene, a natural carotenoid from tomato and other sources, has been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases in epidemiological studies. However, its anti-inflammatory action mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we studied the effect of lycopene on TNF-alpha-induced signaling in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that TNF-alpha-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in HUVECs was inhibited by lycopene, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) expression were not affected. A further analysis indicated that lycopene attenuated TNF-alpha-induced IkappaB phosphorylation, NF-kappaB expression, and NF-kappaB p65 translocation from cytosol to nucleus. In line with this, TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB-DNA but not AP1-DNA complexes formation was inhibited by lycopene, as determined by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). On the other hand, lycopene did not affect TNF-alpha-induced p38 and extracellular matrix-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced signaling, suggesting that lycopene primarily affects TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB signaling pathway. In a functional study, lycopene dose-dependently attenuated monocyte adhesion to endothelial monolayer but not that adhesion to extracellular matrix. Taken together, we provided here the first evidence showing that lycopene is able to inhibit TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 expression, and monocyte-endothelial interaction, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of lycopene and possibly explaining in part why lycopene can prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Granado F, Blázquez S, Olmedilla B. Changes in carotenoid intake from fruit and vegetables in the Spanish population over the period 1964–2004. Public Health Nutr 2007; 10:1018-23. [PMID: 17381958 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980007662314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo assess changes in carotenoid intake based on the variations in the consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables in the Spanish population over the period 1964–2004.DesignConsumption data of fresh fruit and vegetables from Family Budget Surveys carried out in 1964, 1980, 1990 and 2004. Consumption data (g per person per day) accounted for >90% of fruit and vegetable consumption at each time point. Quality controlled high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the carotenoid composition of Spanish fruit and vegetable was used.SubjectsRandomly selected, private households throughout Spain (20 800 households in 1964, 30 311 households in 1980, 21 155 households in 1990 and 6000 households in 2004). Twelve vegetables and 16 fruits representing 89–96% of the total consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables were used.ResultsIndividual consumption of fruit and vegetables has changed over this period, altering the total and individual intake of carotenoids. Total carotenoid intake increased from 2.5 mg per person per day in 1964 to 4.1 mg per person per day in 1990, with a decrease to 3.3 mg per person per day in 2004. These increments are due to an increase in lycopene, α- and β-carotene, while a decrease in lutein and zeaxanthin is observed during the last decade. A continuous and consistent decrease in the relative contribution of lutein in the diet is observed over the period studied.ConclusionAlthough the consumption of fruit and vegetables is still consistent with a Mediterranean-type pattern, modifications in the consumption of individual fruits and vegetables have provoked changes in total and specific carotenoid intake with potential relevance in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Granado
- Unidad de Vitaminas, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28035 Madrid, Spain.
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Rao A, Ali A. Biologically Active Phytochemicals in Human Health: Lycopene. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910601052673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kurilich AC, Juvik JA. SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF CAROTENOIDS AND TOCOPHEROLS IN CORN KERNEL EXTRACTS BY HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C. Kurilich
- a Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences , University of Illinois , 1201 W. Gregory Avenue, Urbana , IL , 61801 , U.S.A
| | - John A. Juvik
- a Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences , University of Illinois , 1201 W. Gregory Avenue, Urbana , IL , 61801 , U.S.A
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