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Wang M, Li Y, Lai M, Nannini DR, Hou L, Joehanes R, Huan T, Levy D, Ma J, Liu C. Alcohol consumption and epigenetic age acceleration across human adulthood. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10938-10971. [PMID: 37889500 PMCID: PMC10637803 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The alcohol-associated biological aging remains to be studied across adulthood. We conducted linear regression analyses to investigate the associations between alcohol consumption and two DNA methylation-based biological age acceleration metrics in 3823 Framingham Heart Study participants (24-92 years and 53.8% women) adjusting for covariates. We also investigated whether the two epigenetic aging metrics mediated the association of alcohol consumption with hypertension. We found that higher long-term average alcohol consumption was significantly associated with biological age acceleration assessed by GrimAge acceleration (GAA) and PhenoAge acceleration (PAA) in middle-aged (45-64 years, n = 1866) and older (65-92 years, n = 1267) participants while not in young participants (24-44 years, n = 690). For example, one additional standard drink of alcohol (~14 grams of ethanol per day) was associated with a 0.71 ± 0.15-year (p = 2.1e-6) and 0.60 ± 0.18-year (p = 7.5e-4) increase in PAA in middle-aged and older participants, respectively, but the association was not significant in young participants (p = 0.23). One additional standard serving of liquor (~14 grams of ethanol) was associated with a greater increase in GAA (0.82-year, p = 4.8e-4) and PAA (1.45-year, p = 7.4e-5) than beer (GAA: 0.45-year, p = 5.2e-4; PAA: 0.48-year, p = 0.02) and wine (GAA: 0.51-year, p = 0.02; PAA: 0.91-year, p = 0.008) in middle-aged participant group. We observed that up to 28% of the association between alcohol consumption and hypertension was mediated by GAA or PAA in the pooled sample. Our findings suggest that alcohol consumption is associated with greater biological aging quantified by epigenetic aging metrics, which may mediate the association of alcohol consumption with quantitative traits, such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Meng Lai
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Drew R. Nannini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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Morgan E, Dyar C, Feinstein B, Hudson H, D’Aquila R, McDade TW, Mustanski B. Inflammation Assessed by Latent Profiling is Associated with Stress and Suicidality but not Depression: Findings from the RADAR Cohort Study. ANNALS OF LGBTQ PUBLIC AND POPULATION HEALTH 2023; 4:1-13. [PMID: 37599862 PMCID: PMC10437120 DOI: 10.1891/lgbtq-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Past research has suggested that sexual and gender minorities experience elevated levels of systemic inflammation which in turn has been linked to worse mental health outcomes. Therefore, the goals of this work are to develop a better understanding of the relationship between mental health variables and inflammation among this high-risk population. Data were collected among a sample of young men who have sex with men and transgender women (YMSM/TGW, N=685) aged 16-20 at the time of enrollment. Multiplex plasma cytokine and inflammatory biomarkers were quantified. Mental health variables were self-reported and included perceived stress, depression, and suicidal ideation. Latent profile analyses (i.e., latent class analyses intended for continuous variables) were utilized to identify four unique profiles of individuals with similar inflammatory markers followed by adjusted multinomial logistic regression to estimate the association between inflammatory profiles and mental health variables. Participants experienced moderate levels of perceived stress, normal levels of depression and ten percent reported suicidal ideation in the past six months. Multinomial regression models indicated that being in the highest inflammation profile, compared to the lowest inflammation profile, was significantly associated only with increased perceived stress and suicidal ideation. In sum, we observed significant relationships between inflammation and both perceived stress and suicidal ideation, but not between inflammation and depression. Future research should continue to assess these relationships using longitudinal data as they are intricate and likely bidirectional and may be key to reducing health disparities among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Morgan
- College of Nursing, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Christina Dyar
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian Feinstein
- Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL
| | - Hannah Hudson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard D’Aquila
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas W. McDade
- Department of Anthropology and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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McCabe CJ, Brumback T, Brown SA, Meruelo AD. Assessing cross-lagged associations between depression, anxiety, and binge drinking in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 243:109761. [PMID: 36621201 PMCID: PMC10122417 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 20 % and 30 % of teens suffer from depression or anxiety before reaching adulthood, and up to half also use or misuse alcohol. Although theories suggest bidirectional links between harmful alcohol use (e.g., binge drinking) and internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety), empirical evidence to-date has been mixed. Systematic reviews have attributed mixed findings to limitations in study design, such as the utilization of between-person analyses and the focus on unidirectional effects. The goal of this study was to address these limitations by assessing bidirectional within-person associations between internalizing symptoms and binge drinking over the course of 5 years in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) sample, a large cohort recruited at ages 12-21 and followed annually on substance use and psychiatric functioning. METHODS We used latent curve models with structured residuals to examine within-person lagged associations between depression, anxiety, and past month counts of binge drinking using NCANDA data (N = 831). Analyses were supplemented with post-hoc power simulations. RESULTS We found marginal evidence linking binge drinking with subsequent depression symptoms one year later among females. We found no evidence that depression or anxiety predicted subsequent binge drinking despite sufficient power. CONCLUSIONS Social and cognitive consequences of binge drinking may predict later depression symptoms in adolescence and young adulthood for young women, though there was little evidence favoring self-medication models for binge drinking. We note several moderating variables and common factor mechanisms that may better explain this link.
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Orsolini L, Pompili S, Volpe U. C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A Potent Inflammation Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:135-160. [PMID: 36949309 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have investigated the role of inflammation in psychiatric disorders, by demonstrating how an altered/dysfunctional immunological and inflammatory system may underpin a psychiatric condition. Particularly, several studies specifically investigated the role of a neuroinflammatory biomarker, named C-reactive protein (CRP), in psychiatric disorders. Overall, even though scientific literature so far published still does not appear definitive, CRP is more likely reported to be elevated in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, a low-grade inflammation (CRP >3 mg/L) has been more likely observed in a subgroup of patients affected with a more severe psychopathological symptomatology, more treatment resistance and worst clinical mental illness course, strengthening the hypothesis of the need for a different clinical and prognostic characterization based on this concomitant neuroinflammatory predisposition. However, even though further research studies are needed to confirm this preliminary evidence, CRP may represent a potential clinical routine biomarker which could be integrated in the clinical routine practice to better characterize clinical picture and course as well as address clinicians towards a personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Simone Pompili
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Goldberg AR, Ferguson M, Pal S, Cohen R, Orlicky DJ, McCullough RL, Rutkowski JM, Burchill MA, Tamburini BAJ. Oxidized low density lipoprotein in the liver causes decreased permeability of liver lymphatic- but not liver sinusoidal-endothelial cells via VEGFR-3 regulation of VE-Cadherin. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1021038. [PMID: 36338478 PMCID: PMC9626955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1021038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature of the liver is vital for liver function as it maintains fluid and protein homeostasis and is important for immune cell transport to the lymph node. Chronic liver disease is associated with increased expression of inflammatory mediators including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Intrahepatic levels of oxLDL are elevated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and cholestatic liver diseases. To determine if liver lymphatic function is impaired in chronic liver diseases, in which increased oxLDL has been documented, we measured liver lymphatic function in murine models of NAFLD, ALD and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We found that Mdr2-/- (PSC), Lieber-DeCarli ethanol fed (ALD) and high fat and high cholesterol diet fed (NAFLD) mice all had a significant impairment in the ability to traffic FITC labeled dextran from the liver parenchyma to the liver draining lymph nodes. Utilizing an in vitro permeability assay, we found that oxLDL decreased the permeability of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC)s, but not liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC)s. Here we demonstrate that LECs and LSECs differentially regulate SRC-family kinases, MAPK kinase and VE-Cadherin in response to oxLDL. Furthermore, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)C or D (VEGFR-3 ligands) appear to regulate VE-Cadherin expression as well as decrease cellular permeability of LECs in vitro and in vivo after oxLDL treatment. These findings suggest that oxLDL acts to impede protein transport through the lymphatics through tightening of the cell-cell junctions. Importantly, engagement of VEGFR-3 by its ligands prevents VE-Cadherin upregulation and improves lymphatic permeability. These studies provide a potential therapeutic target to restore liver lymphatic function and improve liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition. Children’s Hospital Colorado, Digestive Health Institute- Pediatric Liver Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Megan Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sarit Pal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca L. McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Matthew A. Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Beth A. Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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6
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Tretyak V, Huffman A, Lippard ET. Peer victimization and associated alcohol and substance use: Prospective pathways for negative outcomes. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 218:173409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Żorniak M, Sirtl S, Mayerle J, Beyer G. What Do We Currently Know about the Pathophysiology of Alcoholic Pancreatitis: A Brief Review. Visc Med 2020; 36:182-190. [PMID: 32775348 PMCID: PMC7383280 DOI: 10.1159/000508173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic pancreatitis is a serious medical concern worldwide and remains to be one of the common causes of pancreatic disease. SUMMARY While alcohol consumption causes direct damage to pancreatic tissue, only a small percentage of active drinkers will develop pancreatitis. An explanation of this phenomenon is probably that alcohol increases pancreatic vulnerability to damage; however, the simultaneous presence of additional risk factors and pancreatic costressors is required to increase the risk of pancreatitis and its complications caused by alcohol misuse. Recently, a number of important genetic as well as environmental factors influencing the risk of alcoholic pancreatitis have been described. KEY MESSAGES In brief, this review reports established factors for the development of alcoholic pancreatitis and summarizes recent progress made in basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Żorniak
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Simon Sirtl
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Beyer
- Medical Department II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Drieu A, Lanquetin A, Levard D, Glavan M, Campos F, Quenault A, Lemarchand E, Naveau M, Pitel AL, Castillo J, Vivien D, Rubio M. Alcohol exposure-induced neurovascular inflammatory priming impacts ischemic stroke and is linked with brain perivascular macrophages. JCI Insight 2020; 5:129226. [PMID: 31990687 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a major public health problem worldwide, causing a wide range of preventable morbidity and mortality. In this translational study, we show that heavy drinking (HD) (≥6 standard drinks/day) is independently associated with a worse outcome for ischemic stroke patients. To study the underlying mechanisms of this deleterious effect of HD, we performed an extensive analysis of the brain inflammatory responses of mice chronically exposed or not to 10% alcohol before and after ischemic stroke. Inflammatory responses were analyzed at the parenchymal, perivascular, and vascular levels by using transcriptomic, immunohistochemical, in vivo 2-photon microscopy and molecular MRI analyses. Alcohol-exposed mice show, in the absence of any other insult, a neurovascular inflammatory priming (i.e., an abnormal inflammatory status including an increase in brain perivascular macrophages [PVM]) associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses after a secondary insult (ischemic stroke or LPS challenge). Similar to our clinical data, alcohol-exposed mice showed larger ischemic lesions. We show here that PVM are key players on this aggravating effect of alcohol, since their specific depletion blocks the alcohol-induced aggravation of ischemic lesions. This study opens potentially new therapeutic avenues aiming at blocking alcohol-induced exacerbation of the neurovascular inflammatory responses triggered after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Drieu
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Anastasia Lanquetin
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Damien Levard
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Martina Glavan
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aurélien Quenault
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Eloïse Lemarchand
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Mikaël Naveau
- CNRS, UMR-S 3408, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Anne Lise Pitel
- INSERM, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, UMR-S 1077, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Caen, France
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- INSERM, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, UMR-S 1237, Normandie Université, Caen, France
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Burchill MA, Goldberg AR, Tamburini BAJ. Emerging Roles for Lymphatics in Chronic Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1579. [PMID: 31992991 PMCID: PMC6971163 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a global health epidemic causing ∼2 million deaths annually worldwide. As the incidence of CLD is expected to rise over the next decade, understanding the cellular and molecular mediators of CLD is critical for developing novel therapeutics. Common characteristics of CLD include steatosis, inflammation, and cholesterol accumulation in the liver. While the lymphatic system in the liver has largely been overlooked, the liver lymphatics, as in other organs, are thought to play a critical role in maintaining normal hepatic function by assisting in the removal of protein, cholesterol, and immune infiltrate. Lymphatic growth, permeability, and/or hyperplasia in non-liver organs has been demonstrated to be caused by obesity or hypercholesterolemia in humans and animal models. While it is still unclear if changes in permeability occur in liver lymphatics, the lymphatics do expand in number and size in all disease etiologies tested. This is consistent with the lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) upregulating proliferation specific genes, however, other transcriptional changes occur in liver LECs that are dependent on the inflammatory mediators that are specific to the disease etiology. Whether these changes induce lymphatic dysfunction or if they impact liver function has yet to be directly addressed. Here, we will review what is known about liver lymphatics in health and disease, what can be learned from recent work on the influence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia on the lymphatics in other organs, changes that occur in LECs in the liver during disease and outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Burchill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alyssa R Goldberg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Maras JS, Das S, Bhat A, Kumar Vyas A, Yadav G, Chaudhary S, Sukriti S, Gupta AC, Bihari C, Mahiwall R, Sarin SK. Dysregulated Lipid Transport Proteins Correlate With Pathogenesis and Outcome in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1598-1625. [PMID: 31832570 PMCID: PMC6887666 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) has high mortality. Dysregulated lipid transport and metabolism in liver/macrophages contributes to disease pathophysiology. Paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), a liver‐specific enzyme, inhibits oxidation of phospholipids and prevents lipid‐mediated oxidative damage. However, its functional contribution in macrophage‐mediated hepatic injury warrants elucidation. Plasma proteome of patients with SAH (n = 20), alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 20), and healthy controls was analyzed. Dysregulated pathways were identified, validated, and correlated with severity and outcomes in 200 patients with SAH. Tohoku‐Hospital‐Pediatrics‐1 (THP1)‐derived macrophages were treated with plasma from study groups in the presence/absence of recombinant PON1 and the phenotype; intracellular lipid bodies and linked functions were evaluated. In patients with SAH, 208 proteins were >1.5 fold differentially regulated (32 up‐regulated and 176 down‐regulated; P < 0.01).Validation studies confirmed lower levels of lipid transporter proteins (Pon1, apolipoprotein [Apo]B, ApoA1, ApoA2, and ApoC3; P < 0.01). Low PON1 levels inversely correlated with severity and mortality (r2 > 0.3; hazard ratio, 0.91; P < 0.01) and predicted nonsurvivors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.86; cut‐off, <18 μg/mL; log rank, <0.01). Low PON1 levels corroborated with increased oxidized low‐density lipoprotein levels, intracellular lipid bodies, lipid uptake, lipid metabolism, biosynthesis, and alternative macrophage activation genes in nonsurvivors (P < 0.01). Importantly, in vitro recombinant PON1 treatment on THP1 macrophages reversed these changes (P < 0.01), specifically by alteration in expression of clusters of differentiation 36 (CD36) and adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette subfamily A1 (ABCA1) receptor on macrophages. Conclusion: Lipid transport proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of SAH, and low PON1 levels inversely correlate with the severity of alcoholic hepatitis and 28‐day mortality. Restitution of circulating PON1 may be beneficial and needs therapeutic evaluation in patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of ResearchInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Adil Bhat
- Department of ResearchInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ashish Kumar Vyas
- Department of ResearchInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Gaurav Yadav
- Department of ResearchInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Sukriti Sukriti
- Department of ResearchInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Abhishak C. Gupta
- Department of ResearchInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Chagan Bihari
- Department of HepatologyInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Rakhi Mahiwall
- Department of PathologyInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of PathologyInstitute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia
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Chen M, Lacey RE. Adverse childhood experiences and adult inflammation: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:582-590. [PMID: 29458198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and poorer health across the life course is well established. Increased chronic inflammation might be one mechanism through which these associations operate. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between ACE and adult inflammation using a prospective longitudinal study. We also investigated whether associations were explained by life course socioeconomic, psychological and health behavioural factors, and whether associations differed by gender. METHODS Multiply imputed data on 7464 participants of the National Child Development Study (1958 British birth cohort) were used. Prospectively collected data on ACE included care placement, physical neglect, parental separation, family history of offences, mental illness, domestic conflict and alcohol misuse across childhood (0-16 years). Adult inflammation was indicated by C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and Von Willebrand factor (vWF) at age 44/45. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate associations between ACE and adult inflammation. RESULTS Graded associations for ACE with CRP and fibrinogen were observed (e.g. CRP: 1 ACE: 4.61% higher, 95% CI: -3.13, 12.97; 2+ ACE: 16.35% higher, 95% CI: 6.87, 26.66). Socioeconomic and health behavioral factors were found to particularly explain these associations. After inclusion of all covariates associations between ACE and mid-life inflammation were no longer significant. Associations did not differ for men and women. CONCLUSIONS ACE were associated in a graded manner with adult inflammation in a British birth cohort. The association was explained by life course socioeconomic and health behavioral factors, in particular. This study highlights the importance of protecting children from ACE and its negative health effects, and in supporting children through education and into skilled, secure work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Chen
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rebecca E Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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12
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Roh YS, Zhang B, Loomba R, Seki E. TLR2 and TLR9 contribute to alcohol-mediated liver injury through induction of CXCL1 and neutrophil infiltration. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G30-41. [PMID: 25930080 PMCID: PMC4491507 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00031.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although previous studies reported the involvement of the TLR4-TRIF pathway in alcohol-induced liver injury, the role of TLR2 and TLR9 signaling in alcohol-mediated neutrophil infiltration and liver injury has not been elucidated. Since alcohol binge drinking is recognized to induce more severe form of alcohol liver disease, we used a chronic-binge ethanol-feeding model as a mouse model for early stage of alcoholic hepatitis. Whereas a chronic-binge ethanol feeding induced alcohol-mediated liver injury in wild-type mice, TLR2- and TLR9-deficient mice showed reduced liver injury. Induction of neutrophil-recruiting chemokines, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Cxcl5, and hepatic neutrophil infiltration were increased in wild-type mice, but not in TLR2- and TLR9-deficient mice. In vivo depletion of Kupffer cells (KCs) by liposomal clodronate reduced liver injury and the expression of Il1b, but not Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Cxcl5, suggesting that KCs are partly associated with liver injury, but not neutrophil recruitment, in a chronic-binge ethanol-feeding model. Notably, hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) produce high amounts of CXCL1 in ethanol-treated mice. The treatment with TLR2 and TLR9 ligands synergistically upregulated CXCL1 expression in hepatocytes. Moreover, the inhibitors for CXCR2, a receptor for CXCL1, and MyD88 suppressed neutrophil infiltration and liver injury induced by chronic-binge ethanol treatment. Consistent with the above findings, hepatic CXCL1 expression was highly upregulated in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. In a chronic-binge ethanol-feeding model, the TLR2 and TLR9-dependent MyD88-dependent pathway mediates CXCL1 production in hepatocytes and HSCs; the CXCL1 then promotes neutrophil infiltration into the liver via CXCR2, resulting in the development of alcohol-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seok Roh
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and ,2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Bi Zhang
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Rohit Loomba
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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13
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Roux A, Muller L, Jackson SN, Baldwin K, Womack V, Pagiazitis JG, O’Rourke JR, Thanos PK, Balaban C, Schultz JA, Volkow ND, Woods AS. Chronic ethanol consumption profoundly alters regional brain ceramide and sphingomyelin content in rodents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:247-59. [PMID: 25387107 PMCID: PMC4372063 DOI: 10.1021/cn500174c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
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Ceramides
(CER) are involved in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation.
In a mouse model of chronic alcohol exposure, 16 CER and 18 sphingomyelin
(SM) concentrations from whole brain lipid extracts were measured
using electrospray mass spectrometry. All 18 CER concentrations in
alcohol exposed adults increased significantly (range: 25–607%);
in juveniles, 6 CER decreased (range: −9 to −37%). In
contrast, only three SM decreased in adult and one increased significantly
in juvenile. Next, regional identification at 50 μm spatial
resolution from coronal sections was obtained with matrix implanted
laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MILDI-MSI)
by implanting silver nanoparticulate matrices followed by focused
laser desorption. Most of the CER and SM quantified in whole brain
extracts were detected in MILDI images. Coronal sections from three
brain levels show qualitative regional changes in CER-SM ion intensities,
as a function of group and brain region, in cortex, striatum, accumbens,
habenula, and hippocampus. Highly correlated changes in certain white
matter CER-SM pairs occur in regions across all groups, including
the hippocampus and the lateral (but not medial) cerebellar cortex
of adult mice. Our data provide the first microscale MS evidence of
regional lipid intensity variations induced by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Roux
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ludovic Muller
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Shelley N. Jackson
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Katherine Baldwin
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Virginia Womack
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - John G. Pagiazitis
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Joseph R. O’Rourke
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Carey Balaban
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | | | - Nora D. Volkow
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amina S. Woods
- Structural Biology Unit, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Everett BG, Rosario M, McLaughlin KA, Austin SB. Sexual orientation and gender differences in markers of inflammation and immune functioning. Ann Behav Med 2014; 47:57-70. [PMID: 24347405 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-013-9567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual minorities have documented elevated risk factors that can lead to inflammation and poor immune functioning. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate disparities in C-reactive protein (CRP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by gender and sexual orientation. METHODS We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine disparities in CRP (N = 11,462) and EBV (N = 11,812). RESULTS Among heterosexuals, women had higher levels of CRP and EBV than men. However, sexual minority men had higher levels of CRP and EBV than heterosexual men and sexual minority women. Lesbians had lower levels of CRP than heterosexual women. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences in CRP and EBV found between men and women who identify as 100 % heterosexual were reversed among sexual minorities and not explained by known risk factors (e.g., victimization, alcohol and tobacco use, and body mass index). More nuanced approaches to addressing gender differences in sexual orientation health disparities that include measures of gender nonconformity and minority stress are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Everett
- Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 4112 BSB, 1007 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60607-7140, USA,
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15
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Rao PSS, Ahmed S, Sari Y. Effects of ceftriaxone on systemic and central expression of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-preferring (P) rats exposed to ethanol. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 49:390-8. [PMID: 24743029 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Determine the effect of reduction in ethanol consumption by alcohol-preferring (P) rats, following ceftriaxone treatment, on the cytokines levels in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and plasma. METHODS Following 5 weeks of free access to ethanol (15 and 30%), P rats were treated daily with ceftriaxone or saline vehicle for either 2 or 5 consecutive days. Plasma and PFC were collected from ceftriaxone- and saline vehicle-treated groups, and assayed for the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS A significant increase in the plasma level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was observed in the ceftriaxone-treated group when compared with the saline-treated group in both the 2-day and 5-day treatments. Furthermore, ceftriaxone treatment for 2 days induced reduction in TNFα level in both plasma and PFC. Additionally, ceftriaxone treatment for 2 days significantly reduced the IFNγ level in PFC. CONCLUSION These findings show the ability of ceftriaxone to reduce alcohol consumption and induce modulation of the anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in P rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S S Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Y Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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16
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Pletsch GR, Boehme AK, Albright KC, Burns C, Beasley TM, Martin-Schild S. Low-density lipoprotein and intracerebral hematoma expansion in daily alcohol users. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2014; 4:1-8. [PMID: 24575109 PMCID: PMC3934812 DOI: 10.1159/000357611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies suggest that the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rate correlates with alcohol consumption. Alcohol leads to elevated blood pressure (BP) and inhibition of platelet aggregation. These factors could promote excessive bleeding. To our knowledge, in the setting of normal liver function tests, there are no studies that have systematically evaluated the relationship between daily alcohol use and hematoma expansion. The aim of this study is to compare the baseline ICH characteristics, frequency of hematoma expansion, and outcomes in patients with ICH who are daily alcohol users with those who are not daily alcohol users. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on consecutive patients who presented from July 2008 to July 2013 to the Tulane University Hospital in New Orleans, La., USA, with a spontaneous ICH. Ninety-nine patients who met these criteria were admitted. Patients who underwent hematoma evacuation were excluded. Hemorrhage volumes were calculated based on the ABC/2 method. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was dichotomized into low (<100 mg/dl) and high (≥100 mg/dl) values. Comparisons were made using t tests, χ2 and nonparametric equivalents where appropriate. ICH growth in 24 h and LDL were evaluated using linear regression. Results Of the 226 patients who met inclusion criteria, 20.4% had a history of daily alcohol use. The average age was 61 years (range 19-94), 55.6% of the patients were males, and 67.1% were of African American origin. Daily alcohol use was associated with male gender, lower rate of home antihypertensive, higher presenting BP, and lower platelet counts, but there was no difference in ICH characteristics, ICH growth, or clinical outcome. Daily alcohol use in patients with a low LDL level was associated with supratentorial location and trends for lower baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score, higher ICH score, and follow-up ICH volume, but no significant difference in significant hematoma expansion or clinical outcome except for a trend for higher mortality was found (25 vs. 9.5%, p = 0.1311) compared to patients with high LDL values. Conclusions Our data suggest that neither chronic daily alcohol use nor a low LDL level in combination with daily alcohol use can be used to predict ICH growth. Daily alcohol use was associated with untreated hypertension and higher BP on presentation. A low LDL level in combination with daily alcohol use may be linked with larger and more severe ICH, but we were unable to demonstrate a relationship with hematoma expansion or poor clinical outcome. The role of LDL in vessel fragility and clot stabilization needs to be further explored before concluding that a low LDL level confers risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle R Pletsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La., USA
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ala., USA ; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ala., USA
| | - Karen C Albright
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ala., USA ; Health Services and Outcomes Research Center for Outcome and Effectiveness Research and Education (COERE), Ala., USA ; Center of Excellence in Comparative Effectiveness Research for Eliminating Disparities (CERED), Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Center (MHRC), Ala., USA
| | - Christopher Burns
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala., USA
| | - T Mark Beasley
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala., USA
| | - Sheryl Martin-Schild
- Stroke Program, Department of Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La., USA
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17
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Apte MV, Wilson JS, Lugea A, Pandol SJ. A starring role for stellate cells in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1210-9. [PMID: 23622130 PMCID: PMC3729446 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease, and patient outcomes have not improved in decades. Treatments that target tumor cells have largely failed. This could be because research has focused on cancer cells and the influence of the stroma on tumor progression has been largely ignored. The focus of pancreatic cancer research began to change with the identification of pancreatic stellate cells, which produce the pancreatic tumor stroma. There is compelling in vitro and in vivo evidence for the influence of pancreatic stellate cells on pancreatic cancer development; several recent preclinical studies have reported encouraging results with approaches designed to target pancreatic stellate cells and the stroma. We review the background and recent advances in these areas, along with important areas of future research that could improve therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti V. Apte
- Pancreatic Research Groups,Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeremy S. Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Groups,Faculty of Medicine, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Pancreatic Research Groups,Department of Veterans Affairs and University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Pancreatic Research Groups,Department of Veterans Affairs and University of California, Los Angeles, California,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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18
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Pandol S, Gukovskaya A, Edderkaoui M, Dawson D, Eibl G, Lugea A. Epidemiology, risk factors, and the promotion of pancreatic cancer: role of the stellate cell. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27 Suppl 2:127-34. [PMID: 22320930 PMCID: PMC3736749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.07013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are approximately 277,000 new cases of pancreatic cancer and 266,000 deaths from pancreatic cancer annually, indicating a mortality rate of 96% of the cases diagnosed. Because of the ineffectiveness of therapies, a major emphasis needs to be placed on prevention. This paper reviews the epidemiology and risk factors for pancreatic cancer, and uses this information to propose plausible research directions for determining the biological mechanisms mediating the effects of risk factors on the promotion of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on the pancreatic stellate cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Pandol
- Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, University of California and Department of Veterans Affairs, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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19
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Kelley KW, Dantzer R. Alcoholism and inflammation: neuroimmunology of behavioral and mood disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25 Suppl 1:S13-20. [PMID: 21193024 PMCID: PMC4068736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse changes behavior and can induce major mood disorders such as depression. Recent evidence in pre-clinical rodent models and humans now supports the conclusion that the innate immune system is an important physiological link between alcoholism and major depressive disorders. Deficiency of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a protein that has been known to immunologists for 50 years, not only prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behavior but recently has been demonstrated to induce resistance to chronic alcohol ingestion. Activation of the immune system by acute administration of LPS, a TLR4 agonist, as well as chronic infection with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), causes development of depressive-like behaviors in pre-clinical rodent models. Induction of an enzyme expressed primarily in macrophages and microglia, 2,3 indoleamine dioxygenase, shunts tryptophan catabolism to form kynurenine metabolites. This enzyme is both necessary and sufficient for expression of LPS and BCG-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. New findings have extended these concepts to humans by showing that tryptophan catabolites of 2,3 indoleamine dioxygenase are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of hepatitis patients treated with the recombinant cytokine interferon-α. The remarkable conservation from mice to humans of the impact of inflammation on mood emphasizes the ever-expanding role for cross-talk among diverse physiological symptoms that are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol abuse. These findings present new and challenging opportunities for scientists who are engaged in brain, behavior and immunity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Kelley
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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20
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Jha HC, Divya A, Prasad J, Mittal A. Plasma circulatory markers in male and female patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Lung 2010; 39:296-303. [PMID: 20561855 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory processes play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and plasma circulatory markers have been associated with cardiovascular risk. There is no single report in which adhesion molecule and circulatory cytokines have been evaluated in a single population set with coronary artery disease (CAD) on the basis of gender. Thus, we evaluated plasma circulatory markers in patients with CAD and in controls that were divided by gender (because functioning of circulatory markers and response toward conventional factors are not identical in men and women) and by conventional risk factors such as smoking and alcohol intake. METHODS A total of 192 patients with CAD (148 male and 44 female) and 192 controls with no symptoms of CAD (142 male and 50 female) were enrolled. Detection of concentration to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1 and vascular adhesion molecule [VCAM]-1) was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS In male patients with CAD, levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, hsCRP (P < .001), and IFN-gamma (P = .003) were significantly higher compared with controls; however, levels of IL-10 were significantly lower (P < .001). In female patients with CAD, levels of IL-4, hsCRP, VCAM-1 (P = .001), and IL-13 (P = .028) were significantly higher and IL-10 levels were significantly lower (P < .001) compared with controls. In addition, levels of circulatory markers were strongly associated with male smokers and imperceptibly associated with male alcoholics and female smokers and alcoholics. CONCLUSION This study compared the plasma circulatory markers between patients with CAD and healthy controls, between patients with CAD who smoke and controls, and between alcoholic patients with CAD and controls divided by gender. Moreover, among circulatory markers studied, higher levels were found for IL-4, IL-13, hsCRP, and VCAM-1, and lower levels were found for IL-10 in male and female patients with CAD compared with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem C Jha
- Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
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21
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Synergistic interaction of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking with serum carotenoid concentrations: findings from a middle-aged Japanese population. Br J Nutr 2009; 102:1211-9. [PMID: 19450371 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114509382124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated low serum carotenoid concentrations among cigarette smokers and/or alcohol drinkers, but little is known about the interaction of smoking and drinking with serum carotenoids. We tested the hypothesis that smoking and drinking reduce serum carotenoid concentrations synergistically. A total of 1073 subjects (357 male and 716 female) who had received health examinations in the town of Mikkabi, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, participated in the study. The subjects were divided into six groups according to alcohol intake (non-drinkers, < 1 g/d; light drinkers, > or = 1, < 25 g/d; moderate-to-heavy drinkers, > or = 25 g/d) and smoking status (non-smokers and current smokers). The dietary intakes and serum concentrations of six carotenoids (lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin) within each group were evaluated cross-sectionally. The dietary intakes of all carotenoids did not differ in the six groups after adjusting for age and sex. The multivariate-adjusted means of the serum carotenoid concentrations in non-drinkers did not differ between non-smokers and current smokers. In contrast, the adjusted means of serum alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin were significantly lower than those with increased alcohol intake, and these lower serum carotenoids among alcohol drinkers were more evident in current smokers than in non-smokers. Serum lycopene of moderate-to-heavy drinkers was significantly lower than that of non-drinkers, but it was not influenced by smoking. Neither smoking nor drinking was associated with the serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin. These results suggest that smoking and drinking may reduce the serum alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations in a synergistic manner.
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22
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Post-pneumonectomy Pulmonary Edema. Intensive Care Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-92278-2_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Lee SH, Yoon SB, Jung JH, Choi SH, Lee N, Cho GY, Oh DJ, Rhim CY, Lee KH. Prognostic factors in patients with minor troponin-I elevation but without acute myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2006; 17:249-53. [PMID: 16728875 DOI: 10.1097/00019501-200605000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although cardiac troponin I is widely used as a marker for myocardial infarction, its minor elevations are also observed in other clinical situations, and the prognostic factors in such clinical settings have not been well established. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of mortality in patients with minor troponin elevations without an acute myocardial infarction. METHODS We consecutively enrolled 134 patients from the emergency department with a peak troponin I level greater than the lower limit of detectability (0.04 ng/ml) but less than the 10% coefficient of variation cutoff value for diagnosis of myocardial infarction (0.26 ng/ml). These patients had chest pain or nonspecific symptoms of a circulatory abnormality but lacked the traditional features of an acute myocardial infarction. End point was defined as death from all causes. Cox regression analysis was used to test relations between clinical and biochemical variables and the outcome. RESULTS During the follow-up of 7.6+/-7.4 months, 12 patients died. Age, log creatine kinase myocardial isoform, and log C-reactive protein were found to be significantly correlated with death. After adjusting for possible confounders in the multivariate model, age (hazard ratio 1.09, confidence interval 1.02-1.16, P=0.012), log creatine kinase myocardial isoform (hazard ratio 13.11, confidence interval 2.01-85.52, P=0.007), and log C-reactive protein (hazard ratio 1.64, confidence interval 1.02-2.56, P=0.041) were identified as independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Creatine kinase myocardial isoform and C-reactive protein levels and age can be integrated to risk-stratify patients with minor troponin I elevation for reasons other than acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hak Lee
- Cardiology Division, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Schroder H, Marrugat J, Fíto M, Weinbrenner T, Covas MI. Alcohol consumption is directly associated with circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:1474-81. [PMID: 16631537 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Findings on the association of alcohol consumption and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is thought to play a crucial role in the generation of atherosclerotic lesion, are inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of total alcohol consumption and type of alcoholic beverage with circulating plasma LDL oxidation. This cross-sectional study included data of circulating oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) from a subpopulation of 587 men and women enrolled in a population-based survey conducted in 2000 in Girona (Spain). Multivariate analysis was performed to describe the independent association of alcohol consumption and ox-LDL. Increasing alcohol consumption was associated with high in vivo ox-LDL levels in the present population. The consumption of 10 g of alcohol was associated with an increase of 2.40 U/L of ox-LDL (p = 0.002). Adjustment for dietary variables, leisure-time physical activity, educational level, smoking, LDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, glycemia, triglycerides, diabetes, body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures only slightly modified this association (p = 0.003). In this full adjusted model the consumption of 10 g of alcohol per day was associated with an increase of 2.11 U/L of ox-LDL. Consumption of wine (ml/day) was associated with increasing ox-LDL levels (p = 0.029), however, attenuated after controlling for alcohol. No significant relationship of ox-LDL with alcohol-independent consumption of wine, beer, and spirits was observed. Alcohol consumption was independently and directly associated with circulating ox-LDL in the present population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schroder
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE. Lipid peroxidation and renal cell carcinoma: further supportive evidence and new mechanistic insights. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:721-33. [PMID: 16458203 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have recently proposed lipid peroxidation as a unifying mechanistic pathway by which several seemingly unrelated risk/protective factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, oophorectomy/hysterectomy, parity, antioxidants) affect renal cell carcinoma development. In experimental studies, increased lipid peroxidation is a principal mechanistic pathway in renal carcinogenesis induced by different chemicals. In this communication, we provide additional lines of evidence that further support a role for lipid peroxidation on renal cell cancer development. (1) Lipid peroxidation may explain the role of other risk (analgesic use, pre-eclampsia) or protective (alcohol intake, oral contraceptives) factors for renal cell carcinoma. (2) Additional experimental evidence supports lipid peroxidation as an important mechanism in renal carcinogenesis, and (3) Existing evidence support a cross-talk between the lipid peroxidation pathway and other pathways that are relevant to renal carcinogenesis, such as apoptosis, VHL, and possibly other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA.
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Averina M, Nilssen O, Arkhipovsky VL, Kalinin AG, Brox J. C-reactive protein and alcohol consumption: Is there a U-shaped association? Results from a population-based study in Russia. The Arkhangelsk study. Atherosclerosis 2005; 188:309-15. [PMID: 16386256 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 11/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about association between markers of inflammation and alcohol consumption in Russian population where binge drinking pattern is prevalent. METHODS AND RESULTS C-reactive protein was measured by a highly sensitive particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay (hsCRP) in 1963 men and 1734 women, aged 18-90 years, in a population-based cross-sectional study. Total alcohol consumption consisted mainly of binge vodka intake. A revealed U-shaped association between hsCRP and total alcohol intake was due to high hsCRP levels in ex-drinkers. Ex-drinkers of both sexes were older and reported more diseases than non-abstainers. This U-shaped association became non-significant in both sexes after adjustment for age, BMI, smoking status, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular medication. When analysis was performed separately only for non-abstainers, hsCRP showed a positive linear association with total weekly alcohol consumption and with weekly vodka consumption in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS The U-shaped association between hsCRP and weekly alcohol consumption was due to higher hsCRP levels in ex-drinkers than in non-abstainers. Factors other than the current level of alcohol consumption might be responsible for high hsCRP levels in ex-drinkers. When abstainers were excluded from analyses, the results indicated a pro-inflammatory effect of binge alcohol consumption in non-abstainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Averina
- Institute of Community Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Pike MC, Sevanian A, Haile RW. Role of Lipid Peroxidation in the Epidemiology and Prevention of Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:2829-39. [PMID: 16364997 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently proposed a common mechanistic pathway by which obesity and hypertension lead to increased renal cell cancer risk. Our hypothesis posits lipid peroxidation, which is a principal mechanism in rodent renal carcinogenesis, as an intermediate step that leads to a final common pathway shared by numerous observed risks (including obesity, hypertension, smoking, oophorectomy/hysterectomy, parity, preeclampsia, diabetes, and analgesics) or protective factors (including oral contraceptive use and alcohol) for renal cell cancer [Cancer Causes Control 2002;13:287-93]. During this exercise, we have noticed how certain risk factors for renal cell carcinoma are protective for breast cancer and how certain protective factors for renal cell carcinoma increase risk for breast cancer. Parity and oophorectomy, for example, are positively associated with renal cell carcinoma but are negatively associated with breast cancer. Similarly, obesity and hypertension are positively associated with renal cell carcinoma, but obesity is negatively associated with breast cancer in premenopausal women and hypertension during pregnancy is negatively associated with breast cancer. Furthermore, alcohol intake, negatively associated with renal cell carcinoma, is also positively associated with breast cancer. We propose here the possibility that lipid peroxidation may represent a protective mechanism in breast cancer. Although this runs counter to the conventional view that lipid peroxidation is a process that is harmful and carcinogenic, we present here the chemical and biological rationale, based on epidemiologic and biochemical data, which may deserve further consideration and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9181, USA.
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