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Kunutsor SK, Lehoczki A, Laukkanen JA. Coffee consumption, cancer, and healthy aging: epidemiological evidence and underlying mechanisms. GeroScience 2025; 47:1517-1555. [PMID: 39266809 PMCID: PMC11978573 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the role of coffee consumption in promoting healthy aging and its potential impact on cancer prevention. Previous research has shown that moderate coffee intake may contribute to extending healthspan and enhancing longevity through beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health and key biological processes involved in aging. However, the relationship between coffee consumption and cancer risk remains controversial. This review synthesizes longitudinal observational and interventional data on the effects of coffee consumption on overall and site-specific cancers, explores underlying biological mechanisms, and discusses clinical and public health implications. Additionally, the review highlights evidence from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to assess potential causal relationships. Our findings suggest that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of several cancers, including skin, liver, prostate, and endometrial cancers, and may also lower cancer recurrence rates, particularly in colorectal cancer. These protective associations appear consistent across different demographic groups, with the most significant benefits observed at consumption levels of three or more cups per day. However, evidence is inconclusive for many other cancers, and coffee consumption is consistently linked to an increased risk of lung cancer. MR studies generally do not support a strong causal relationship for most cancers, though some suggest potential protective effects for hepatocellular, colorectal, and possibly prostate cancers, with mixed results for ovarian cancer and an increased risk for esophageal cancer and multiple myeloma. The protective effect of coffee on liver and prostate cancer is supported by both observational and MR studies. The potential anti-cancer benefits of coffee are attributed to its bioactive compounds, such as caffeine, chlorogenic acids, and diterpenes, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds may reduce oxidative stress, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate hormone levels. The review emphasizes the need for further research to clarify dose-response relationships, causal associations, and the biological mechanisms underlying these associations. While coffee consumption appears to contribute to cancer prevention and healthy aging, caution is warranted due to the increased risk of certain cancers, highlighting the complexity of its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 409 Tache Avenue, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland District, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Ceylan FD, Günal-Köroğlu D, Saricaoglu B, Ozkan G, Capanoglu E, Calina D, Sharifi-Rad J. Anticancer potential of hydroxycinnamic acids: mechanisms, bioavailability, and therapeutic applications. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2025; 398:469-495. [PMID: 39212736 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are plant compounds with anticancer potential due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing, and proliferation-inhibiting effects. This review aims to consolidate and analyze current knowledge on the anticancer effects of HCAs, exploring their mechanisms of action, bioavailability challenges, and potential therapeutic applications. A comprehensive literature search on PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar focused on the anticancer properties, mechanisms, bioavailability, and safety profiles of HCAs. Studies have shown that HCAs, such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid, inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These effects are mediated by mechanisms including the inhibition of cell survival pathways, modulation of gene expression, and induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that HCAs exhibit selective toxicity, with a higher propensity to induce cell death in cancerous cells compared to normal cells. However, the toxicity profile of HCAs can vary depending on the specific compound, dosage, and experimental conditions. The anticancer properties of HCAs suggest potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment. However, it is essential to distinguish between their use as dietary supplements and therapeutic agents, as the dosage and formulation suitable for dietary supplements may be insufficient for therapeutic purposes. The regulatory and practical implications of using HCAs in these different contexts require careful consideration. Further research is needed to determine appropriate dosages, formulations, long-term effects, and regulatory frameworks for HCAs as both dietary supplements and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Duygu Ceylan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Günal-Köroğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Beyza Saricaoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gulay Ozkan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos y Universitarios del Golfo, Veracruz, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador.
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Lu Y, Wang P, Liu H, Li T, Wang H, Jiang D, Liu L, Ye H. Coffee and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Insights from Two-Sample and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Analyses. Nutrients 2024; 16:3723. [PMID: 39519563 PMCID: PMC11547416 DOI: 10.3390/nu16213723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between coffee and pancreatic cancer risk has reported inconsistent results. Therefore, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was undertaken to investigate the association between coffee and pancreatic cancer from a genetic perspective. METHODS In East Asian and European populations, independent genetic variants strongly associated with coffee were chosen as instrumental variables (IVs) from relevant genome-wide association studies (GWASs). GWAS data for pancreatic cancer were obtained from the JENGER (Japanese Encyclopedia of Genetic Associations by Riken) project and GWAS catalog database. Two-sample (TSMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were conducted to investigate the genetically predicted causal relationship between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was employed to aggregate estimates from the two populations to reveal the overall association. RESULTS Both in East Asian and European populations, an increase in coffee intake of a cup per day was not associated with pancreatic cancer risk, regardless of coffee type (including caffeine drinks, instant coffee, decaffeinated coffee, ground coffee, etc.). The results aligned with the findings of the meta-analysis (OR = 1.100, 95%CI = 0.862-1.403, p = 0.450). Also, for coffee intake with positive results in the TSMR analysis (OR = 1.739, 95%CI 1.104-2.739, p = 0.017), consistent negative results were observed after adjusting for potential confounders (smoking traits, drinking, type 2 diabetes, body mass index) in the MVMR analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study found no genetically predicted causal relationship between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tiandong Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hua Ye
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Grigorescu RR, Husar-Sburlan IA, Gheorghe C. Pancreatic Cancer: A Review of Risk Factors. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:980. [PMID: 39202722 PMCID: PMC11355429 DOI: 10.3390/life14080980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal types of gastrointestinal cancer despite the latest medical advances. Its incidence has continuously increased in recent years in developed countries. The location of the pancreas can result in the initial symptoms of neoplasia being overlooked, which can lead to a delayed diagnosis and a subsequent reduction in the spectrum of available therapeutic options. The role of modifiable risk factors in pancreatic cancer has been extensively studied in recent years, with smoking and alcohol consumption identified as key contributors. However, the few screening programs that have been developed focus exclusively on genetic factors, without considering the potential impact of modifiable factors on disease occurrence. Thus, fully understanding and detecting the risk factors for pancreatic cancer represents an important step in the prevention and early diagnosis of this type of neoplasia. This review reports the available evidence on different risk factors and identifies the areas that could benefit the most from additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Roxana Grigorescu
- Gastroenterology Department, “Sfanta Maria” Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristian Gheorghe
- Center for Digestive Disease and Liver Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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An Overproliferation of Systematic Review Studies. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:719-720. [PMID: 36041001 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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McCullough LE, Maliniak ML, Amin AB, Baker JM, Baliashvili D, Barberio J, Barrera CM, Brown CA, Collin LJ, Freedman AA, Gibbs DC, Haddad MB, Hall EW, Hamid S, Harrington KRV, Holleman AM, Kaufman JA, Khan MA, Labgold K, Lee VC, Malik AA, Mann LM, Marks KJ, Nelson KN, Quader ZS, Ross-Driscoll K, Sarkar S, Shah MP, Shao IY, Smith JP, Stanhope KK, Valenzuela-Lara M, Van Dyke ME, Vyas KJ, Lash TL. Epidemiology beyond its limits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3328. [PMID: 35675391 PMCID: PMC9176748 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In 1995, journalist Gary Taubes published an article in Science titled "Epidemiology faces its limits," which questioned the utility of nonrandomized epidemiologic research and has since been cited more than 1000 times. He highlighted numerous examples of research topics he viewed as having questionable merit. Studies have since accumulated for these associations. We systematically evaluated current evidence of 53 example associations discussed in the article. Approximately one-quarter of those presented as doubtful are now widely viewed as causal based on current evaluations of the public health consensus. They include associations between alcohol consumption and breast cancer, residential radon exposure and lung cancer, and the use of tanning devices and melanoma. This history should inform current debates about the reproducibility of epidemiologic research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maret L. Maliniak
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Avnika B. Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julia M. Baker
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Davit Baliashvili
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Barberio
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chloe M. Barrera
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lindsay J. Collin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexa A. Freedman
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David C. Gibbs
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maryam B. Haddad
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric W. Hall
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Hamid
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Aaron M. Holleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John A. Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Khan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katie Labgold
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Veronica C. Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amyn A. Malik
- Yale Institute for Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura M. Mann
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin J. Marks
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin N. Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zerleen S. Quader
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Monica P. Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iris Y. Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Smith
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaitlyn K. Stanhope
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marisol Valenzuela-Lara
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miriam E. Van Dyke
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kartavya J. Vyas
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy L. Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Grigor’eva IN. Pancreatic cancer risk: alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:265-270. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the metaanalyzes (PubMed, 19952019) of alcohol and non-alcoholic (coffee, tea, dairy products) beverage consumption in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer PC (PubMed, 19952019). Increased the PC risk was associated with high alcohol intake. The increased risk for heavy drinking did not explained by residual confounding by history of pancreatitis or tobacco smoking or diabetes. Light-moderate alcohol intake may reduced the PC risk, probably due to the fasting insulin levels decrement, which leads to the diminished the РС risk. The association between alcohol and the PC was stronger in men than in women. Some metaanalyzes demonstrated that a small amount of coffee may reduce PC risk, and a large amount to increase PC risk. Another meta-analyzes have not confirmed any association between the PC risk and coffee or tea consumption. One meta-analysis revealed a direct association of the PC risk with the dairy products consumption, but most research showed no such connection. Nutrition is considered to be associated with the PC risk, but the degree of risk due to structure of beverages consumption (dose, duration, alcohol, coffee, tea, dairy products pattern) is still not clear.
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Gheorghe G, Diaconu CC, Ionescu V, Constantinescu G, Bacalbasa N, Bungau S, Gaman MA, Stan-Ilie M. Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: Emerging Role of Viral Hepatitis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:83. [PMID: 35055398 PMCID: PMC8780367 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplastic diseases. The incidence and mortality rates of this disease vary depending on geographical area, which might be explained by the different exposure to risk factors. To improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, different approaches are needed for an earlier diagnosis. Identification of risk factors and implementation of screening strategies are essential for a better prognosis. Currently, the risk factors for pancreatic cancer fall into two broad categories, namely extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors include alcohol consumption, smoking, a diet rich in saturated fats, and viral infections such as chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining how these hepatotropic viruses contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer are not fully elucidated. The common origin of hepatocytes and pancreatic cells in the multipotent endodermal cells, the common origin of the blood vessels and biliary ducts of the pancreas and the liver, or chronic inflammatory changes may be involved in this interaction. A careful monitoring of patients with viral liver infections may contribute to the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and improve the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Gheorghe
- Department 5, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (G.C.); (M.-A.G.); (M.S.-I.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- Department 5, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (G.C.); (M.-A.G.); (M.S.-I.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Ionescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gabriel Constantinescu
- Department 5, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (G.C.); (M.-A.G.); (M.S.-I.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nicolae Bacalbasa
- Department of Visceral Surgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine “Fundeni” Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Gaman
- Department 5, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (G.C.); (M.-A.G.); (M.S.-I.)
- Department of Hematology, Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Stan-Ilie
- Department 5, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (G.G.); (G.C.); (M.-A.G.); (M.S.-I.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 105402 Bucharest, Romania;
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Turati F, Rossi M, Mattioli V, Bravi F, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:309-316. [PMID: 34338866 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) on pancreatic cancer risk. METHODS We used data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2008; the study included 326 incident pancreatic cancer cases and 652 controls matched by age, gender and study center. Subjects' usual diet was collected through a valid and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. A DRRD score was derived from 8 dietary components: cereal fiber, total fruit, coffee, polyunsaturated to saturated fats ratio and nuts (higher score for higher intake), and dietary glycemic index, red/processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages/fruit juices (higher score for lower intake). The score ranged 8-37, with higher values indicating greater DRRD adherence. Odds ratios (ORs) of pancreatic cancer according to the DRRD score were estimated using multiple conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After allowance for confounding factors, the DRRD score was inversely related to pancreatic cancer risk, with ORs of 0.55 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.38-0.80) for the highest versus the lowest score tertile (p for trend across tertiles = 0.002) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75-0.95) for a 3-point score increment. The exclusion of diabetic subjects and additional adjustment for vegetable intake did not change the results. Inverse associations were observed in subgroups defined by age, gender, education, body mass index, smoking and total energy intake. CONCLUSION Study findings suggest a protective role of high adherence to a DRRD on pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turati
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Mattioli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesca Bravi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Humanities, Pegaso Online University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cai J, Chen H, Lu M, Zhang Y, Lu B, You L, Zhang T, Dai M, Zhao Y. Advances in the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer: Trends, risk factors, screening, and prognosis. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:1-11. [PMID: 34216688 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with poor prognosis and high mortality. The recent increase in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality has resulted in an increased number of studies on its epidemiology. This comprehensive and systematic literature review summarizes the advances in the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer, including its epidemiological trends, risk factors, risk prediction models, screening modalities, and prognosis. The risk factors for pancreatic cancers can be categorized as those related to individual characteristics, lifestyle and environment, and disease status. Several prediction models for pancreatic cancer have been developed in populations with new-onset diabetes or a family history of pancreatic cancer; however, these models require further validation. Despite recent progress in pancreatic cancer screening, the quantity and quality of related studies are also unsatisfactory, especially with respect to the identification of high-risk populations and development of effective screening modality. Apart from the populations with familial genetic risk and those at a high risk of sporadic pancreatic cancer, risk factors such as new-onset diabetes may be a new direction for timely intervention. We hope this work will provide new ideas for further prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Min Dai
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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11
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Bae JM, Shim SR. Coffee Consumption and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: A Meta-Epidemiological Study of Population-based Cohort Studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2793-2798. [PMID: 32986382 PMCID: PMC7779453 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous systematic reviews evaluating the association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer showed inconsistent results. The aim was to conduct a meta-epidemiological study to explore further the association between coffee consumption and the incidence of pancreatic cancer. METHODS The selection criteria were defined as a population-based prospective cohort study reporting adjusted relative risk (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of pancreatic cancer occurrence according to coffee consumption. Adjusted RR for the highest versus the lowest level of coffee consumption in each study was extracted. A fixed-effect model was applied to calculate a summary RR (sRR) and its 95%CI. Two-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis (DRMA) was performed to estimate the incidence risk per unit dose (cup per day). RESULTS Twelve cohort studies were selected for meta-analysis. The total number of cohort participants was 3,230,053, and pancreatic cancer incidents were 10,587. The sRR of pancreatic cancer risk for the highest versus the lowest level of coffee consumption indicated no statistical significance (sRR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.88-1.10; I-squared=0.0%). Two-stage random-effect DRMA showed the non-linear relationship between the amount of coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk. And the RR for an increment of one cup per day of coffee consumption was 0.97 (95%CI: 0.91-1.04, P=0.42), without statistically significant. CONCLUSION There was no association between coffee consumption habits and pancreatic cancer risk. And there was no statistical significance in the dose-response relationship between the amount of coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk. Finding the turning point would be important because it can be critical information for the prevention of pancreatic cancer. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Myon Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Abstract
Background In medical research and practice, the p-value is arguably the most often used statistic and yet it is widely misconstrued as the probability of the type I error, which comes with serious consequences. This misunderstanding can greatly affect the reproducibility in research, treatment selection in medical practice, and model specification in empirical analyses. By using plain language and concrete examples, this paper is intended to elucidate the p-value confusion from its root, to explicate the difference between significance and hypothesis testing, to illuminate the consequences of the confusion, and to present a viable alternative to the conventional p-value. Main text The confusion with p-values has plagued the research community and medical practitioners for decades. However, efforts to clarify it have been largely futile, in part, because intuitive yet mathematically rigorous educational materials are scarce. Additionally, the lack of a practical alternative to the p-value for guarding against randomness also plays a role. The p-value confusion is rooted in the misconception of significance and hypothesis testing. Most, including many statisticians, are unaware that p-values and significance testing formed by Fisher are incomparable to the hypothesis testing paradigm created by Neyman and Pearson. And most otherwise great statistics textbooks tend to cobble the two paradigms together and make no effort to elucidate the subtle but fundamental differences between them. The p-value is a practical tool gauging the “strength of evidence” against the null hypothesis. It informs investigators that a p-value of 0.001, for example, is stronger than 0.05. However, p-values produced in significance testing are not the probabilities of type I errors as commonly misconceived. For a p-value of 0.05, the chance a treatment does not work is not 5%; rather, it is at least 28.9%. Conclusions A long-overdue effort to understand p-values correctly is much needed. However, in medical research and practice, just banning significance testing and accepting uncertainty are not enough. Researchers, clinicians, and patients alike need to know the probability a treatment will or will not work. Thus, the calibrated p-values (the probability that a treatment does not work) should be reported in research papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Productivity, Efficiency and Staffing (OPES, RAPID), Albany, USA.
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13
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Zhou CD, Kuan AS, Reeves GK, Green J, Floud S, Beral V, Yang TO, on behalf of the Million Women Study Collaborators. Coffee and pancreatic cancer risk among never-smokers in the UK prospective Million Women Study. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1484-1492. [PMID: 30426487 PMCID: PMC6767387 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reported associations between coffee consumption and an increased risk of pancreatic cancer could be due to residual confounding by smoking and/or biased recall of coffee consumption in retrospective studies. Studying associations prospectively in never smokers should minimize these problems, but thus far such studies have included relatively small numbers of cases. In our study, 309,797 never-smoking women self-reported typical daily coffee consumption at a mean age of 59.5 years (SD 5.0 years) and were followed up for a median of 13.7 years (IQR: 12.2-14.9) through record linkage to national health cancer and death registries. During this period, 962 incident cases of pancreatic cancers were registered. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks [RRs] of incident pancreatic cancer with 95% confidence intervals [CIs] in relation to coffee consumption at baseline. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, including body mass index and alcohol consumption, RRs of pancreatic cancer in never-smokers who reported usually consuming 1-2, 3-4, and ≥ 5 cups of coffee daily, compared to nondrinkers of coffee, were 1.02 (CI 0.83-1.26), 0.96 (0.76-1.22), and 0.87 (0.64-1.18), respectively (trend p = 0.2). A meta-analysis of results from this cohort and 3 smaller prospective studies found little or no statistically significant association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk in never smokers (summary RR = 1.00, CI 0.86-1.17 for ≥2 vs. zero cups of coffee per day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie D Zhou
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation TrustLondonNW3 2QGUnited Kingdom
| | - Ai Seon Kuan
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordOX3 7LFUnited Kingdom
| | - Gillian K Reeves
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordOX3 7LFUnited Kingdom
| | - Jane Green
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordOX3 7LFUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Floud
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordOX3 7LFUnited Kingdom
| | - Valerie Beral
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordOX3 7LFUnited Kingdom
| | - TienYu Owen Yang
- Cancer Epidemiology UnitNuffield Department of Population HealthOxfordOX3 7LFUnited Kingdom
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Li TD, Yang HW, Wang P, Song CH, Wang KJ, Dai LP, Shi JX, Zhang JY, Ye H. Coffee consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:519-529. [PMID: 30632827 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1551337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk has been extensively studied; however, there is no consistent conclusion. Therefore, this meta-analysis study sought to evaluate dose-response relationship between them. A search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Thirteen high-quality cohort studies were identified, involving in 959,992 study participants and 3831 pancreatic cancer cases. Comparing the highest with lowest categories of coffee intake, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.08 (95% CI 0.94-1.25). For dose-response analysis, no evidence of a nonlinear dose-response association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer (p for nonlinearity =0.171) was found. The risk of pancreatic cancer was increased by 5.87% (RR =1.06, 95% CI 1.05-1.07) with the increment of one cup/day. Coffee consumption was identified to be related with the increasing risk of pancreatic cancer in a dose-response manner. Nevertheless, further mechanistic studies are needed to clarify the concerned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Dong Li
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- b Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Hong-Wei Yang
- c First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Peng Wang
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- b Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Chun-Hua Song
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- b Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Kai-Juan Wang
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- b Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Li-Ping Dai
- b Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- d Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Jian-Xiang Shi
- b Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- d Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- b Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- d Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Hua Ye
- a College of Public Health , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
- b Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
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15
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Kawada T. Coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer. Eur J Epidemiol 2019; 35:987-988. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
We reviewed available evidence on coffee drinking and the risk of all cancers and selected cancers updated to May 2016. Coffee consumption is not associated with overall cancer risk. A meta-analysis reported a pooled relative risk (RR) for an increment of 1 cup of coffee/day of 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99-1.01] for all cancers. Coffee drinking is associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer. A meta-analysis of cohort studies found an RR for an increment of consumption of 1 cup/day of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.90) for liver cancer and a favorable effect on liver enzymes and cirrhosis. Another meta-analysis showed an inverse relation for endometrial cancer risk, with an RR of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.96) for an increment of 1 cup/day. A possible decreased risk was found in some studies for oral/pharyngeal cancer and for advanced prostate cancer. Although data are mixed, overall, there seems to be some favorable effect of coffee drinking on colorectal cancer in case-control studies, in the absence of a consistent relation in cohort studies. For bladder cancer, the results are not consistent; however, any possible direct association is not dose and duration related, and might depend on a residual confounding effect of smoking. A few studies suggest an increased risk of childhood leukemia after maternal coffee drinking during pregnancy, but data are limited and inconsistent. Although the results of studies are mixed, the overall evidence suggests no association of coffee intake with cancers of the stomach, pancreas, lung, breast, ovary, and prostate overall. Data are limited, with RR close to unity for other neoplasms, including those of the esophagus, small intestine, gallbladder and biliary tract, skin, kidney, brain, thyroid, as well as for soft tissue sarcoma and lymphohematopoietic cancer.
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17
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Lukic M, Nilsson LM, Skeie G, Lindahl B, Braaten T. Coffee consumption and risk of rare cancers in Scandinavian countries. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:287-302. [PMID: 29476356 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the association between heavy coffee consumption and risk of less frequently diagnosed cancers are scarce. We aimed to quantify the association between filtered, boiled, and total coffee consumption and the risk of bladder, esophageal, kidney, pancreatic, and stomach cancers. We used data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Information on coffee consumption was available for 193,439 participants. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the investigated cancer sites by category of total, filtered, and boiled coffee consumption. Heavy filtered coffee consumers (≥ 4 cups/day) had a multivariable adjusted HR of 0.74 of being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (95% CI 0.57-0.95) when compared with light filtered coffee consumers (≤ 1 cup/day). We did not observe significant associations between total or boiled coffee consumption and any of the investigated cancer sites, neither in the entire study sample nor in analyses stratified by sex. We found an increased risk of bladder cancer among never smokers who were heavy filtered or total coffee consumers, and an increased risk of stomach cancer in never smokers who were heavy boiled coffee consumers. Our data suggest that increased filtered coffee consumption might reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer. We did not find evidence of an association between coffee consumption and the risk of esophageal or kidney cancer. The increased risk of bladder and stomach cancer was confined to never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Lukic
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway. .,Institutt for Samfunnsmedisin, UiT Norges Arktiske Universitet, 9037, Tromsö, Norway.
| | - Lena Maria Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsö, Norway
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18
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Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. It has primarily consumed due to its stimulant effect and unique taste since the ancient times. Afterwards, its consumption has been historically associated with a lower risk of some diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disease and some type of cancer and thus it has also consumed due to health benefits. It contains many bioactive compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acids and diterpenoid alcohols which have so far been associated with many potential health benefits. For example, caffeine reduces risk of developing neurodegenerative disease and chlorogenic acids (CGA) and diterpene alcohols have many health benefits such as antioxidant and chemo-preventive. Coffee also have harmful effects. For example, diterpenoid alcohols increases serum homocysteine and cholesterol levels and thus it has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. Overall, the study that supports the health benefits of coffee is increasing. But, it is thought-provoking that the association with health benefits of coffee consumption and frequency at different levels in each study. For this reason, we aimed to examine the health effect of the coffee and how much consumption is to investigate whether it meets the claimed health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Başar Gökcen
- a Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nevin Şanlier
- b Biruni University , Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department , İstanbul , Turkey
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19
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Abstract
To evaluate the associations between coffee and caffeine consumption and various health outcomes, we performed an umbrella review of the evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Of the 59 unique outcomes examined in the selected 112 meta-analyses of observational studies, coffee was associated with a probable decreased risk of breast, colorectal, colon, endometrial, and prostate cancers; cardiovascular disease and mortality; Parkinson's disease; and type-2 diabetes. Of the 14 unique outcomes examined in the 20 selected meta-analyses of observational studies, caffeine was associated with a probable decreased risk of Parkinson's disease and type-2 diabetes and an increased risk of pregnancy loss. Of the 12 unique acute outcomes examined in the selected 9 meta-analyses of RCTs, coffee was associated with a rise in serum lipids, but this result was affected by significant heterogeneity, and caffeine was associated with a rise in blood pressure. Given the spectrum of conditions studied and the robustness of many of the results, these findings indicate that coffee can be part of a healthful diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Catania 95123, Italy;
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St. John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Godos
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Catania 95123, Italy;
- Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy; ,
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy; ,
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Moutinho-Ribeiro P, Coelho R, Giovannini M, Macedo G. Pancreatic cancer screening: Still a delusion? Pancreatology 2017; 17:754-765. [PMID: 28739291 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma represents the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality and death due to pancreatic cancer (PC) have increased since 2003. Its incidence has also raised about 30% in the past decade and it is expected to become the second cause of cancer mortality by 2020 in the USA. Most PC present with metastatic disease and improvements in treatment outcomes for this group have been disappointing. These observations support the idea that screening to identify patients at an earlier stage might be an important strategy in improving overall PC outcomes. Many protocols have been tested, nevertheless, by now there is no effective screening program. Given the overall low incidence of disease and the current lack of accurate, inexpensive and noninvasive screening tests, the consensus is that widespread population-based screening for PC in the general population or in patients with only one affected first-degree relative is neither practicable nor indicated in most countries. However, a different scenario is screening patients with higher risk for PC, most of them with hereditary conditions predisposing the development of this neoplasia. In fact, some guidelines are now available helping to select these individuals at risk and to screen them, in order to achieve early detection of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Moutinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rosa Coelho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marc Giovannini
- Endoscopic Unit, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, Marseilles, France
| | - Guilherme Macedo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
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Amigo-Benavent M, Wang S, Mateos R, Sarriá B, Bravo L. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of green coffee and yerba mate extracts, their main hydroxycinnamic acids, methylxanthine and metabolites in different human cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:125-138. [PMID: 28506698 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed at studying the effects of green coffee bean (GCBE) and yerba mate (YME) extracts, their main phenolic components (5-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-CQA; 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-DCQA) and metabolites (ferulic acid, FA; caffeic acid, CA; dihydrocaffeic acid, DHCA; and dihydroferulic acid, DHFA) along with caffeine (CAF) on the viability and proliferation of different human cell lines. Extracts (10-1000 μg/mL) and standards (10-1000 μM) were assayed in colon (Caco-2), lung (A549), oesophageal (OE-33), urinary bladder (T24) human carcinoma cells, and a non-cancer cell line (CCD-18Co). YME significantly reduced viability of cancer cells at all assayed concentrations, the higher doses also reducing cell proliferation. GCBE effects on cell viability were more effective at 100 and 1000 μg/mL, showing modest effects on cell proliferation. The highest doses of 5-CQA and 3,5-DCQA reduced cell viability and proliferation in all cell lines, whereas FA, DHCA and DHFA had lower and variable effects. Caffeine had no effect. Dietary-attainable concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 μg/mL) of YME were tested for cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species generation, showing no cytotoxic effect. Low concentrations of all tested compounds were non-cytotoxic to CCD-18Co cells. CONCLUSION YME and to a lower degree GCBE, their phenolic components and metabolites may decrease cancer cell viability and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amigo-Benavent
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Jose Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Jose Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Mateos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Jose Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Sarriá
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Jose Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Bravo
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Jose Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Coffee and cancer risk: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33711. [PMID: 27665923 PMCID: PMC5036059 DOI: 10.1038/srep33711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses on coffee and cancer incidence mainly restricted to limited cancers. We carried out a more comprehensive meta-analysis of cohort studies to explore association between coffee and most cancer types. We conducted comprehensive search and summarized relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals for the highest versus lowest coffee intake and cancer using STATA12. We conducted dose-analysis if result suggested significant association. The publication bias was evaluated with begg's and egger's test. Finally, 105 individual prospective studies were included. Inverse associations were observed on oral, pharyngeal, colon, liver, prostate, endometrial cancer and melanoma, with RR 0.69 (95% CI = 0.48-0.99, I2 = 73.4%, P = 0.044), 0.87 (95% CI = 0.78-0.96, I2 = 28.4%, P = 0.007), 0.46 (95% CI = 0.37-0.57, I2 = 0%, P = 0), 0.89 (95% CI = 0.84-0.93, I2 = 30.3%, P = 0.003), 0.73 (95% CI = 0.67-0.80, I2 = 0%, P = 0) and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.80-0.99, I2 = 0%, P = 0.031) respectively. However, the relative risk for lung cancer is 2.18 (95% CI = 1.26-3.75, I2 = 63.3%, P = 0.005). The summary relative risk for increment of 2 cups of coffee were RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.67-0.79 for liver cancer, RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96-0.98 for prostate cancer and RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.85-0.92 for endometrial cancer. Accordingly, coffee intake was associated with reduced risk of oral, pharynx, liver, colon, prostate, endometrial cancer and melanoma and increased lung cancer risk.
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Ran HQ, Wang JZ, Sun CQ. Coffee Consumption and Pancreatic Cancer Risk: An Update Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies. Pak J Med Sci 2016; 32:253-9. [PMID: 27022386 PMCID: PMC4794517 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.321.8761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The results of epidemiologic studies on the relationship between the coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk were inconsistent. Thus, we performed an update meta-analysis of cohort studies to quantitatively summarize the association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk. METHODS We searched CBM (China Biology Medicine disc) and MEDLINE for studies of coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer risk up to June 2015. A total of 20 cohort studies were identified in this meta-analysis, and we analyzed these studies using random effects model. The dose-response analysis was conducted too. RESULTS The overall relative risk (RR) for highest coffee consumption versus lowest coffee consumption was 0.75 (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.63-0.86). Statistic significant heterogeneity was found among these studies (I (2) =37.8%, P for heterogeneity =0.045). The pooled RR for increment of 1 cup/day of coffee consumption was 0.99 (95%CI, 0.96-1.03) for the nine studies, without statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS High coffee consumption is associated with a reduced pancreatic cancer risk. However, the result should be accepted with caution, due to the potential confounder and bias could not be excluded. Further well designed studies are needed to confirm the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Quan Ran
- Dr. Heng-Quan Ran, MD, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun-Zhou Wang
- Dr. Jun-Zhou Wang, MD, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chang-Qin Sun
- Dr. Chang-Qin Sun, MD, Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Sichuan Province, China
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Li YM, Peng J, Li LZ. Coffee consumption associated with reduced risk of oral cancer: a meta-analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 121:381-389.e1. [PMID: 26972538 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently, there is no consensus on the effect of coffee consumption on the risk of oral cancer. We performed a meta-analysis based on published studies to uncover the association. STUDY DESIGN We searched PubMed (1946-2015), Embase (1976-2015), and the bibliographies of all retrieved articles for relevant citations. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of observational studies on coffee consumption and oral cancer. RESULTS A total of 11 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies comprising 2,832,706 controls and 5021 cases of oral cancer were included in our analysis. The results indicated that the summary odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest or no category consumption of coffee was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-0.75). The odds ratios were 0.60 (95% CI: 0.49-0.74) for case-control studies and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.45-0.98) for cohort studies. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggested that coffee consumption appears to have a protective benefit in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Li
- Department of Nursing, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Emergency, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le-Zhi Li
- Department of Nursing, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Coffee consumption and the risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:733. [PMID: 26481317 PMCID: PMC4615385 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several observational studies suggest that coffee consumption may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, but the results are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship of coffee consumption with gastric cancer risk and quantify the dose–response relationship between them. Methods Relevant prospective studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to May 2015 and by reviewing the references of retrieved articles. Two independent reviewers extracted data and performed the quality assessment. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). The heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Publication bias was assessed by using funnel plot, the Begg test and the Egger test. Results Thirteen prospective cohort studies with 20 independent reports involving 3,368 patients with gastric cancer and 1,372,811 participants during a follow-up period ranging from 4.3–8 years were included. Compared with the lowest consumption level of coffee, the pooled relative risk (RR) was 1.13 (95 % CI: 0.94–1.35). The dose–response analysis indicated that, the RR of gastric cancer was 1.03 (95 % CI; 0.95–1.11) for per 3 cups/day of coffee consumption. Any nonlinear association of gastric cancer risk with coffee consumption was not found (P for nonlinearity = 0.68). Subgroup analyses indicated that the pooled RR for participants from the United States comparing the highest with the lowest coffee consumption was 1.36 (95 % CI, 1.06–1.75, I2 = 0 %). In addition, people with higher coffee consumption was associated with 25 % higher risk of gastric cancer in equal to or less than 10 years follow-up group (RR = 1.25; 95 % CI, 1.01–1.55, I2 = 0 %). Visual inspection of a funnel plot and the Begg’s and the Egger’s tests did not indicate evidence of publication bias. Conclusions This meta-analysis does not support the hypothesis that coffee consumption is associated with the risk of gastric cancer. The increased risk of gastric cancer for participants from the United States and equal to or less than 10 years follow-up group associated with coffee consumption warrant further studies.
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Guertin KA, Freedman ND, Loftfield E, Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Graubard BI, Sinha R. A prospective study of coffee intake and pancreatic cancer: results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:1081-5. [PMID: 26402414 PMCID: PMC4651134 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence evaluating the association between type of coffee intake (caffeinated, decaffeinated) and risk of pancreatic cancer is limited. METHODS In the US NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, we used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for coffee intake and risk of pancreatic cancer among 457 366 US adults. RESULTS Over 4 155 256 person-years of follow-up, 1541 incident first primary pancreatic cancers occurred. Following detailed adjustment for tobacco smoking history, risk estimates for coffee drinking were not statistically significant; compared with never drinkers of coffee, the hazard ratios (95% CI) were 1.05 (0.85-1.30), 1.06 (0.86-1.31), 1.03 (0.85-1.25), 1.00 (0.79-1.25), and 1.24 (0.93-1.65) for <1, 1, 2-3, 4-5, and ≥6 cups per day, respectively (P-value for trend 0.46). The observed null association was consistent across all examined strata (sex, smoking status, coffee caffeination, and prevalent diabetes). CONCLUSIONS In a prospective study of coffee intake with the largest number of pancreatic cancer cases to date, we did not observe an association between total, caffeinated, or decaffeinated coffee intake and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Guertin
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E326, MSC 9760, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - N D Freedman
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E326, MSC 9760, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - E Loftfield
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E326, MSC 9760, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - R Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E326, MSC 9760, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - B I Graubard
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Sinha
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E326, MSC 9760, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer: a summary review of meta-analytical studies. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 44:186-98. [PMID: 25502106 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been extensively studied and is the subject of numerous meta-analyses and pooled analyses. We have summarized results from these pooled and meta-analytical studies to estimate the fraction of PCs attributable to each of the identified risk factors. METHODS Using a comprehensive strategy, we retrieved 117 meta-analytical or pooled reports dealing with the association between specific risk factors and PC risk. We combined estimates of relative risk and estimates of exposure to calculate the fraction of PCs caused or prevented by a particular exposure. RESULTS Tobacco smoking ('strong' evidence) and Helicobacter pylori infection ('moderate' evidence) are the major risk factors associated with PC, with respective estimated population attributable fractions of 11-32% and 4-25%. The major protective factors are history of allergy ('strong' evidence) and increasing fruit or folate intake ('moderate' evidence), with respective population preventable fractions of 3-7% and 0-12%. CONCLUSIONS We summarized results of 117 meta-analytical or pooled data reports dealing with 37 aetiological exposures, to obtain robust information about the suspected causes of PC. By combining these estimates with their prevalences in the population, we calculated population attributable or population preventable fractions. About two-thirds of the major risk factors associated with PC are potentially modifiable, affording a unique opportunity for preventing one of our deadliest cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy and Departments of Surgery and of Family and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Albert B Lowenfels
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy and Departments of Surgery and of Family and Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Turati F, Guercio V, Pelucchi C, La Vecchia C, Galeone C. Colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps in relation to allium vegetables intake: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1907-14. [PMID: 24976533 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To provide updated quantitative estimates of the associations between allium vegetables intake and risk of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomatous polyps. METHODS AND RESULTS We combined all published data on the issue, using a meta-analytic approach. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random-effects models. Sixteen studies (13 333 cases) were included in the meta-analyses of colorectal cancer. Seven studies provided information on garlic, six on onion, and four on total allium vegetables. The pooled RRs of colorectal cancer for the highest versus the lowest category of intake were 0.85 (95% confidence interval; CI, 0.72-1.00) for garlic (0.76 for case-control, 0.99 for cohort studies), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.70-1.04) for onion (0.74 for case-control, 1.04 for cohort studies), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.56-1.08) for total allium vegetables. Significant heterogeneity was found for the three meta-analyses. The pooled RR of colorectal adenomatous polyps for the highest versus the lowest category of total allium vegetables intake was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.98, three studies), with no heterogeneity. CONCLUSION High garlic intake may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. However, evidence of such protection derived mainly from case-control studies. High intake of total allium vegetables may be associated with a risk reduction of colorectal adenomatous polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Turati
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Koretz
- Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen-UCLA School of Medicine, Sylmar and Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer often is diagnosed too late for effective treatment. Knowing the risk factors, best diagnostic tests, and management options may help clinicians recognize pancreatic adenocarcinoma earlier, improving patient outcomes.
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Intake of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or tea does not affect risk for pancreatic cancer: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer Study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:1486-92. [PMID: 23756220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Few modifiable risk factors have been implicated in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. There is little evidence for the effects of caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or tea intake on risk of pancreatic cancer. We investigated the association of total coffee, caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption with risk of pancreatic cancer. METHODS This study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort, comprising male and female participants from 10 European countries. Between 1992 and 2000, there were 477,312 participants without cancer who completed a dietary questionnaire and were followed up to determine pancreatic cancer incidence. Coffee and tea intake was calibrated with a 24-hour dietary recall. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were computed using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 11.6 y, 865 first incidences of pancreatic cancers were reported. When divided into fourths, neither total intake of coffee (HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.27; high vs low intake), decaffeinated coffee (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.76-1.63; high vs low intake), nor tea were associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.22, 95% CI, 0.95-1.56; high vs low intake). Moderately low intake of caffeinated coffee was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02-1.74), compared with low intake. However, no graded dose response was observed, and the association attenuated after restriction to histologically confirmed pancreatic cancers. CONCLUSIONS Based on an analysis of data from the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer cohort, total coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption are not related to the risk of pancreatic cancer.
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Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Boffetta P, Antonelli G, Pilla MA, Bottà G, Anzidei P, Venanzetti F. The protective effect of coffee consumption on cutaneous melanoma risk and the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1779-87. [PMID: 23860951 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES The authors examined the association between coffee consumption and cutaneous melanoma and the implication of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in the inpatient wards of IDI-San Carlo Rome, Italy, including 304 incident cases of cutaneous melanoma and 305 controls. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, smoking, sun exposure, pigmentary characteristics and diet was collected for all subjects. Within the study, individual patterns at two polymorphic genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) belonging to glutathione S-transferases family were investigated in 188 cases of cutaneous melanoma and 152 controls. Logistic regression was the method used to estimate odds ratio and 95 % confidence intervals. RESULTS High frequency of coffee drinking (>once daily), compared with low-frequency consumption of coffee (≤7 times weekly) was associated with a protective effect for cutaneous melanoma (OR 0.46; 95 % CI 0.31-0.68) after adjusting for sex, age, education, hair colour, common nevi, skin phototype, and sunburn episodes in childhood. When stratified by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype, the protective effect of coffee was extremely high for subjects with both GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms (OR 0.01; 95 % CI 0.0003-0.54). CONCLUSIONS Our results show a protective effect of coffee consumption for cutaneous melanoma, in particular for those with homozygous deletion for GSTM1 and GSTT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fortes
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCSS, Via dei Monti di Creta, 104, 00167, Rome, Italy,
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The impact of coffee on health. Maturitas 2013; 75:7-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Wörmann SM, Algül H. Risk Factors and Therapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:282. [PMID: 24303367 PMCID: PMC3831165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Maria Wörmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hana Algül, II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany e-mail:
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Abstract
Epidemiological research into insulin resistance has focused on excess body weight, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), physical activity, and coffee consumption. These common modifiable factors have also been suggested to play a role in the process of carcinogenesis via associations with insulin resistance. Findings of systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses have generally supported an association between excess body weight and DM with an increased risk of colon cancer in males, and of liver, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers. Inverse relationships between these cancers and physical activity and coffee consumption have been shown, both of which are known to reduce the risk of DM. Interventions directed at or involving these variables should contribute to decreasing the risk of insulin resistance-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Japan.
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Genkinger JM, Li R, Spiegelman D, Anderson KE, Albanes D, Bergkvist L, Bernstein L, Black A, van den Brandt PA, English DR, Freudenheim JL, Fuchs CS, Giles GG, Giovannucci E, Goldbohm RA, Horn-Ross PL, Jacobs EJ, Koushik A, Männistö S, Marshall JR, Miller AB, Patel AV, Robien K, Rohan TE, Schairer C, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Wolk A, Ziegler RG, Smith-Warner SA. Coffee, tea, and sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drink intake and pancreatic cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 14 cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 21:305-18. [PMID: 22194529 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0945-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee has been hypothesized to have pro- and anticarcinogenic properties, whereas tea may contain anticarcinogenic compounds. Studies assessing coffee intake and pancreatic cancer risk have yielded mixed results, whereas findings for tea intake have mostly been null. Sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drink (SSB) intake has been associated with higher circulating levels of insulin, which may promote carcinogenesis. Few prospective studies have examined SSB intake and pancreatic cancer risk; results have been heterogeneous. METHODS In this pooled analysis from 14 prospective cohort studies, 2,185 incident pancreatic cancer cases were identified among 853,894 individuals during follow-up. Multivariate (MV) study-specific relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and then pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS No statistically significant associations were observed between pancreatic cancer risk and intake of coffee (MVRR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.81-1.48 comparing ≥900 to <0 g/d; 237g ≈ 8oz), tea (MVRR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78-1.16 comparing ≥400 to 0 g/d; 237g ≈ 8oz), or SSB (MVRR = 1.19; 95% CI, 0.98-1.46 comparing ≥250 to 0 g/d; 355g ≈ 12oz; P value, test for between-studies heterogeneity > 0.05). These associations were consistent across levels of sex, smoking status, and body mass index. When modeled as a continuous variable, a positive association was evident for SSB (MVRR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12). CONCLUSION AND IMPACT Overall, no associations were observed for intakes of coffee or tea during adulthood and pancreatic cancer risk. Although we were only able to examine modest intake of SSB, there was a suggestive, modest positive association for risk of pancreatic cancer for intakes of SSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine M Genkinger
- Mailman School of Public Health, 722 w 168th St, Rm 803, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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