1
|
García MJ, Lucena C, Romera FJ. Ethylene and Nitric Oxide Involvement in the Regulation of Fe and P Deficiency Responses in Dicotyledonous Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4904. [PMID: 34063156 PMCID: PMC8125717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are two essential elements for plant growth. Both elements are abundant in soils but with poor availability for plants, which favor their acquisition by developing morphological and physiological responses in their roots. Although the regulation of the genes related to these responses is not totally known, ethylene (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) have been involved in the activation of both Fe-related and P-related genes. The common involvement of ET and NO suggests that they must act in conjunction with other specific signals, more closely related to each deficiency. Among the specific signals involved in the regulation of Fe- or P-related genes have been proposed Fe-peptides (or Fe ion itself) and microRNAs, like miR399 (P), moving through the phloem. These Fe- or P-related phloem signals could interact with ET/NO and confer specificity to the responses to each deficiency, avoiding the induction of the specific responses when ET/NO increase due to other nutrient deficiencies or stresses. Besides the specificity conferred by these signals, ET itself could confer specificity to the responses to Fe- or P-deficiency by acting through different signaling pathways in each case. Given the above considerations, there are preliminary results suggesting that ET could regulate different nutrient responses by acting both in conjunction with other signals and through different signaling pathways. Because of the close relationship among these two elements, a better knowledge of the physiological and molecular basis of their interaction is necessary to improve their nutrition and to avoid the problems associated with their misuse. As examples of this interaction, it is known that Fe chlorosis can be induced, under certain circumstances, by a P over- fertilization. On the other hand, Fe oxides can have a role in the immobilization of P in soils. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the dynamic of known Fe- and P-related genes expression, selected ad hoc and involved in each of these deficiencies, would allow us to get a profound knowledge of the processes that regulate the responses to both deficiencies. The better knowledge of the regulation by ET of the responses to these deficiencies is necessary to properly understand the interactions between Fe and P. This will allow the obtention of more efficient varieties in the absorption of P and Fe, and the use of more rational management techniques for P and Fe fertilization. This will contribute to minimize the environmental impacts caused by the use of P and Fe fertilizers (Fe chelates) in agriculture and to adjust the costs for farmers, due to the high prices and/or scarcity of Fe and P fertilizers. This review aims to summarize the latest advances in the knowledge about Fe and P deficiency responses, analyzing the similarities and differences among them and considering the interactions among their main regulators, including some hormones (ethylene) and signaling substances (NO and GSNO) as well as other P- and Fe-related signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence) Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al Murad M, Razi K, Benjamin LK, Lee JH, Kim TH, Muneer S. Ethylene regulates sulfur acquisition by regulating the expression of sulfate transporter genes in oilseed rape. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:533-545. [PMID: 32588442 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To manage nutrient deficiencies, plants develop both morphological and physiological responses. The studies on the regulation of these responses are limited; however, certain hormones and signaling components have been largely implicated. Several studies depicted ethylene as a regulator of the response of some nutrient deficiencies like iron, phosphorous and potassium. The present study focused on the response of sulfur in the presence and absence of ethylene. The experiments were performed in hydroponic nutrient media, using oilseed rape grown with or without sulfur deficiency and ethylene treatments for 10 days. The ACC oxidase and ACC synthase were observed significantly reduced in sulfur-deficient plants treated with ethylene compared to control. The biomass and photosynthetic parameters, including the expression of multicomplex thylakoidal proteins showed a significant increase in sulfur deficient plants supplemented with ethylene. The enzymes related to sulfur regulation such as sulfate adenyltransferase, glutamine synthetase and O-acetylserine (thiol)lyase also showed similar results as shown by the morphological data. The relative expression of the sulfur transporter genes BnSultr1, 1, BnSultr1, 2, BnSultr4,1, BnSultr 4,2, ATP sulfurylase and OASTL increased in sulfur-deficient plants, whereas their expression decreased when ethylene was given to the plants. Fe and S nutritional correlations are already known; therefore, Fe-transporters like IRT1 and FRO1 were also evaluated, and similar results as for the sulfur transporter genes were observed. The overall results indicated that ethylene regulates sulfur acquisition by regulating the expression of sulfur transporter genes in oilseed rape (Brassica napus).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Al Murad
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- School of Bio Sciences and Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Kaukab Razi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- School of Bio Sciences and Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Lincy Kirubhadharsini Benjamin
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Guwangju, South Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Guwangju, South Korea
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maity PJ, Pawlowski K. Anthropogenic influences on the distribution of the Casuarina-Frankia symbiosis. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
This review deals with two essential plant mineral nutrients, iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P); the acquisition of both has important environmental and economic implications. Both elements are abundant in soils but are scarcely available to plants. To prevent deficiency, dicot plants develop physiological and morphological responses in their roots to specifically acquire Fe or P. Hormones and signalling substances, like ethylene, auxin and nitric oxide (NO), are involved in the activation of nutrient-deficiency responses. The existence of common inducers suggests that they must act in conjunction with nutrient-specific signals in order to develop nutrient-specific deficiency responses. There is evidence suggesting that P- or Fe-related phloem signals could interact with ethylene and NO to confer specificity to the responses to Fe- or P-deficiency, avoiding their induction when ethylene and NO increase due to other nutrient deficiency or stress. The mechanisms responsible for such interaction are not clearly determined, and thus, the regulatory networks that allow or prevent cross talk between P and Fe deficiency responses remain obscure. Here, fragmented information is drawn together to provide a clearer overview of the mechanisms and molecular players involved in the regulation of the responses to Fe or P deficiency and their interactions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu W, Karemera NJU, Wu T, Yang Y, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang Y, Han Z. The ethylene response factor AtERF4 negatively regulates the iron deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186580. [PMID: 29045490 PMCID: PMC5646859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is one of many conditions that can seriously damage crops. Low levels of photosynthesis can lead to the degradation of chlorophyll content and impaired respiration in affected plants, which together cause poor growth and reduce quality. Although ethylene plays an important role in responses to Fe deficiency, a limited number of studies have been carried out on ethylene response factor (ERFs) as components of plant regulation mechanisms. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of AtERF4 in plant responses to Fe deficiency. Results collected when Arabidopsis thaliana was grown under Fe deficient conditions as well as in the presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) revealed that leaf chlorosis did not occur over short timescales and that chloroplast structural integrity was retained. At the same time, expression of the chlorophyll degradation-related genes AtPAO and AtCLH1 was inhibited and net H+ root flux was amplified. Our results show that chlorophyll content was enhanced in the mutant erf4, while expression of the chlorophyll degradation gene AtCLH1 was reduced. Ferric reductase activity in roots was also significantly higher in the mutant than in wild type plants, while erf4 caused high levels of expression of the genes AtIRT1 and AtHA2 under Fe deficient conditions. We also utilized yeast one-hybrid technology in this study to determine that AtERF4 binds directly to the AtCLH1 and AtITR1 promoter. Observations show that transient over-expression of AtERF4 resulted in rapid chlorophyll degradation in the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and the up-regulation of gene AtCLH1 expression. In summary, AtERF4 plays an important role as a negative regulator of Fe deficiency responses, we hypothesize that AtERF4 may exert a balancing effect on plants subject to nutrition stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology of Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - N. J. Umuhoza Karemera
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology of Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology of Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Yang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology of Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology of Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology of Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology of Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Municipality of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology of Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li W, Lan P. The Understanding of the Plant Iron Deficiency Responses in Strategy I Plants and the Role of Ethylene in This Process by Omic Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:40. [PMID: 28174585 PMCID: PMC5259694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential plant micronutrient but is toxic in excess. Fe deficiency chlorosis is a major constraint for plant growth and causes severe losses of crop yields and quality. Under Fe deficiency conditions, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to keep cellular Fe homeostasis via various physiological, morphological, metabolic, and gene expression changes to facilitate the availability of Fe. Ethylene has been found to be involved in the Fe deficiency responses of plants through pharmacological studies or by the use of ethylene mutants. However, how ethylene is involved in the regulations of Fe starvation responses remains not fully understood. Over the past decade, omics approaches, mainly focusing on the RNA and protein levels, have been used extensively to investigate global gene expression changes under Fe-limiting conditions, and thousands of genes have been found to be regulated by Fe status. Similarly, proteome profiles have uncovered several hallmark processes that help plants adapt to Fe shortage. To find out how ethylene participates in the Fe deficiency response and explore putatively novel regulators for further investigation, this review emphasizes the integration of those genes and proteins, derived from omics approaches, regulated both by Fe deficiency, and ethylene into a systemic network by gene co-expression analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Lan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lucena C, Romera FJ, García MJ, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R. Ethylene Participates in the Regulation of Fe Deficiency Responses in Strategy I Plants and in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1056. [PMID: 26640474 PMCID: PMC4661236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is very abundant in most soils but its availability for plants is low, especially in calcareous soils. Plants have been divided into Strategy I and Strategy II species to acquire Fe from soils. Strategy I species apply a reduction-based uptake system which includes all higher plants except the Poaceae. Strategy II species apply a chelation-based uptake system which includes the Poaceae. To cope with Fe deficiency both type of species activate several Fe deficiency responses, mainly in their roots. These responses need to be tightly regulated to avoid Fe toxicity and to conserve energy. Their regulation is not totally understood but some hormones and signaling substances have been implicated. Several years ago it was suggested that ethylene could participate in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses in Strategy I species. In Strategy II species, the role of hormones and signaling substances has been less studied. However, in rice, traditionally considered a Strategy II species but that possesses some characteristics of Strategy I species, it has been recently shown that ethylene can also play a role in the regulation of some of its Fe deficiency responses. Here, we will review and discuss the data supporting a role for ethylene in the regulation of Fe deficiency responses in both Strategy I species and rice. In addition, we will review the data about ethylene and Fe responses related to Strategy II species. We will also discuss the results supporting the action of ethylene through different transduction pathways and its interaction with other signals, such as certain Fe-related repressive signals occurring in the phloem sap. Finally, the possible implication of ethylene in the interactions among Fe deficiency responses and the responses to other nutrient deficiencies in the plant will be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lucena
- Department of Agronomy, University of CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | | | - María J. García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
García MJ, Romera FJ, Lucena C, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R. Ethylene and the Regulation of Physiological and Morphological Responses to Nutrient Deficiencies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:51-60. [PMID: 26175512 PMCID: PMC4577413 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To cope with nutrient deficiencies, plants develop both morphological and physiological responses. The regulation of these responses is not totally understood, but some hormones and signaling substances have been implicated. It was suggested several years ago that ethylene participates in the regulation of responses to iron and phosphorous deficiency. More recently, its role has been extended to other deficiencies, such as potassium, sulfur, and others. The role of ethylene in so many deficiencies suggests that, to confer specificity to the different responses, it should act through different transduction pathways and/or in conjunction with other signals. In this update, the data supporting a role for ethylene in the regulation of responses to different nutrient deficiencies will be reviewed. In addition, the results suggesting the action of ethylene through different transduction pathways and its interaction with other hormones and signaling substances will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José García
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Romera
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Lucena
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Esteban Alcántara
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology, and Plant Physiology (M.J.G., R.P.-V.) andDepartment of Agronomy (F.J.R., C.L., E.A.), University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lambers H, Martinoia E, Renton M. Plant adaptations to severely phosphorus-impoverished soils. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 25:23-31. [PMID: 25912783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizas play a pivotal role in phosphorus (P) acquisition of plant roots, by enhancing the soil volume that can be explored. Non-mycorrhizal plant species typically occur either in relatively fertile soil or on soil with a very low P availability, where there is insufficient P in the soil solution for mycorrhizal hyphae to be effective. Soils with a very low P availability are either old and severely weathered or relatively young with high concentrations of oxides and hydroxides of aluminium and iron that sorb P. In such soils, cluster roots and other specialised roots that release P-mobilising carboxylates are more effective than mycorrhizas. Cluster roots are ephemeral structures that release carboxylates in an exudative burst. The carboxylates mobilise sparingly-available sources of soil P. The relative investment of biomass in cluster roots and the amount of carboxylates that are released during the exudative burst differ between species on severely weathered soils with a low total P concentration and species on young soils with high total P concentrations but low P availability. Taking a modelling approach, we explore how the optimal cluster-root strategy depends on soil characteristics, thus offering insights for plant breeders interested in developing crop plants with optimal cluster-root strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Renton
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley (Perth), Western Australia 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neumann G. The Role of Ethylene in Plant Adaptations for Phosphate Acquisition in Soils - A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1224. [PMID: 26834759 PMCID: PMC4718997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although a role of ethylene in the regulation of senescence and plant stress responses in general has a long history, a possible involvement in the regulation of adaptive responses to nutrient deficiencies has been mainly investigated since the last two decades. In the case of plant responses to phosphate (Pi) starvation, ethylene was identified as a modulator of adaptive responses in root growth and morphology. The molecular base of these adaptations has been elucidated in supplementation studies with ethylene precursors and antagonists, as well as analysis of mutants and transgenic plants with modified ethylene biosynthesis and responsiveness, using mainly Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant. However, increasing evidence suggests that apart from root growth responses, ethylene may be involved in various additional plant adaptations to Pi limitation including Pi mobilization in the rhizosphere, Pi uptake and internal Pi recycling. The ethylene-mediated responses are frequently characterized by high genotypic variability and may partially share common pathways in different nutrient limitations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Péret B, Desnos T, Jost R, Kanno S, Berkowitz O, Nussaume L. Root architecture responses: in search of phosphate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1713-23. [PMID: 25341534 PMCID: PMC4256877 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.244541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil phosphate represents the only source of phosphorus for plants and, consequently, is its entry into the trophic chain. This major component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and energy currency of the cell (ATP) can limit plant growth because of its low mobility in soil. As a result, root responses to low phosphate favor the exploration of the shallower part of the soil, where phosphate tends to be more abundant, a strategy described as topsoil foraging. We will review the diverse developmental strategies that can be observed among plants by detailing the effect of phosphate deficiency on primary and lateral roots. We also discuss the formation of cluster roots: an advanced adaptive strategy to cope with low phosphate availability observed in a limited number of species. Finally, we will put this work into perspective for future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Péret
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Ricarda Jost
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Satomi Kanno
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Z, Straub D, Yang H, Kania A, Shen J, Ludewig U, Neumann G. The regulatory network of cluster-root function and development in phosphate-deficient white lupin (Lupinus albus) identified by transcriptome sequencing. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 151:323-38. [PMID: 24635386 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lupinus albus serves as model plant for root-induced mobilization of sparingly soluble soil phosphates via the formation of cluster-roots (CRs) that mediate secretion of protons, citrate, phenolics and acid phosphatases (APases). This study employed next-generation sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind these complex adaptive responses at the transcriptome level. We compared different stages of CR development, including pre-emergent (PE), juvenile (JU) and the mature (MA) stages. The results confirmed that the primary metabolism underwent significant modifications during CR maturation, promoting the biosynthesis of organic acids, as had been deduced from physiological studies. Citrate catabolism was downregulated, associated with citrate accumulation in MA clusters. Upregulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway reflected the accumulation of phenolics. Specific transcript expression of ALMT and MATE transporter genes correlated with the exudation of citrate and flavonoids. The expression of transcripts related to nucleotide degradation and APases in MA clusters coincided with the re-mobilization and hydrolysis of organic phosphate resources. Most interestingly, hormone-related gene expression suggested a central role of ethylene during CR maturation. This was associated with the upregulation of the iron (Fe)-deficiency regulated network that mediates ethylene-induced expression of Fe-deficiency responses in other species. Finally, transcripts related to abscisic acid and jasmonic acid were upregulated in MA clusters, while auxin- and brassinosteroid-related genes and cytokinin receptors were most strongly expressed during CR initiation. Key regulations proposed by the RNA-seq data were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and some physiological analyses. A model for the gene network regulating CR development and function is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Wang
- Nutritional Crop Physiology (340h), Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zheng D, Han X, An YI, Guo H, Xia X, Yin W. The nitrate transporter NRT2.1 functions in the ethylene response to nitrate deficiency in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1328-37. [PMID: 23305042 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene signalling pathway is closely associated with complex environmental stresses. Previous studies have reported impact of high nitrate (HN) availability on ethylene biosynthesis and regulation of ethylene on nitrate transporter 2.1 (NRT2.1) expression. However, molecular interaction between NRT2.1 transcript levels and the ethylene signalling pathway under nitrate deficiency is still elusive. Here, we report a low nitrate (LN) treatment-induced rapid burst of ethylene production and regulated expression of ethylene signalling components CTR1, EIN3 and EIL1 in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) seedlings, and enhanced ethylene response reporter EBS:GUS activity in both Col-0 and the ethylene mutants ein3-1eil1-1 and ctr1-1. LN treatment also caused up-regulation of NRT2.1 expression, which was responsible for an enhanced high-affinity nitrate uptake. Comparison of ethylene production and EBS:GUS activity between nrt1.1, nrt2.1 mutants and Col-0 indicated that this up-regulation of NRT2.1 expression caused a positive effect on ethylene biosynthesis and signalling under LN treatment. On the other hand, ethylene down-regulated NRT2.1 expression and reduced the high-affinity nitrate uptake. Together, these findings uncover a negative feedback loop between NRT2.1 expression and ethylene biosynthesis and signalling under nitrate deficiency, which may contribute to finely tuning of plant nitrate acquisition during exploring dynamic soil conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Zheng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Y I An
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weilun Yin
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kabir AH, Paltridge NG, Able AJ, Paull JG, Stangoulis JCR. Natural variation for Fe-efficiency is associated with upregulation of Strategy I mechanisms and enhanced citrate and ethylene synthesis in Pisum sativum L. PLANTA 2012; 235:1409-19. [PMID: 22212907 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe)-deficiency is a common abiotic stress in Pisum sativum L. grown in many parts of the world. The aim of the study was to investigate variation in tolerance to Fe deficiency in two pea genotypes, Santi (Fe-efficient) and Parafield (Fe-inefficient). Fe deficiency caused greater declines in chlorophyll score, leaf Fe concentration and root-shoot development in Parafield compared to Santi, suggesting greater Fe-efficiency in Santi. Fe chelate reductase activity and ethylene production were increased in the roots of Santi and to a lesser extent in Parafield under Fe deficiency, while proton extrusion was only occurred in Santi. Moreover, expression of the Fe chelate reductase gene, FRO1, and Fe transporter, RIT1 were upregulated in Fe-deficient roots of Santi. Expression of HA1 (proton extrusion) was also significantly higher in Santi when compared to Parafield grown in Fe-deficient conditions. Furthermore, the application of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, 1-aminoisobutyric acid reduced the Fe chelate reductase activity, supporting a direct role for ethylene in its induction. A significant increase in root citrate was only observed in Santi under Fe deficiency indicating a role for citrate in the Fe-efficiency mechanism. Taken together, our physiological and molecular data indicate that genotypic variation in tolerance to Fe deficiency in Santi and Parafield plants is a result of variation in a number of Strategy I mechanisms and also suggest a direct role for ethylene in Fe reductase activity. The pea cultivar, Santi provides a new source of Fe-efficiency that can be exploited to breed more Fe-efficient peas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Kabir
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meng ZB, Chen LQ, Suo D, Li GX, Tang CX, Zheng SJ. Nitric oxide is the shared signalling molecule in phosphorus- and iron-deficiency-induced formation of cluster roots in white lupin (Lupinus albus). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 109:1055-64. [PMID: 22351487 PMCID: PMC3336943 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Formation of cluster roots is one of the most specific root adaptations to nutrient deficiency. In white lupin (Lupinus albus), cluster roots can be induced by phosphorus (P) or iron (Fe) deficiency. The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential shared signalling pathway in P- and Fe-deficiency-induced cluster root formation. METHODS Measurements were made of the internal concentration of nutrients, levels of nitric oxide (NO), citrate exudation and expression of some specific genes under four P × Fe combinations, namely (1) 50 µm P and 10 µm Fe (+P + Fe); (2) 0 P and 10 µm Fe (-P + Fe); (3) 50 µm P and 0 Fe (+P-Fe); and (4) 0 P and 0 Fe (-P-Fe), and these were examined in relation to the formation of cluster roots. KEY RESULTS The deficiency of P, Fe or both increased the cluster root number and cluster zones. It also enhanced NO accumulation in pericycle cells and rootlet primordia at various stages of cluster root development. The formation of cluster roots and rootlet primordia, together with the expression of LaSCR1 and LaSCR2 which is crucial in cluster root formation, were induced by the exogenous NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) under the +P + Fe condition, but were inhibited by the NO-specific endogenous scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl- 3-oxide (cPTIO) under -P + Fe, +P-Fe and -P-Fe conditions. However, cluster roots induced by an exogenous supply of the NO donor did not secrete citrate, unlike those formed under -P or -Fe conditions. CONCLUSIONS NO plays an important role in the shared signalling pathway of the P- and Fe-deficiency-induced formation of cluster roots in white lupin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Bin Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Qian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong Suo
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gui Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cai Xian Tang
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora (Melbourne), Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- For correspondence. E-mail
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagarajan VK, Jain A, Poling MD, Lewis AJ, Raghothama KG, Smith AP. Arabidopsis Pht1;5 mobilizes phosphate between source and sink organs and influences the interaction between phosphate homeostasis and ethylene signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1149-63. [PMID: 21628630 PMCID: PMC3135966 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.174805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) remobilization in plants is required for continuous growth and development. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporter Pht1;5 has been implicated in mobilizing stored Pi out of older leaves. In this study, we used a reverse genetics approach to study the role of Pht1;5 in Pi homeostasis. Under low-Pi conditions, Pht1;5 loss of function (pht1;5-1) resulted in reduced P allocation to shoots and elevated transcript levels for several Pi starvation-response genes. Under Pi-replete conditions, pht1;5-1 had higher shoot P content compared with the wild type but had reduced P content in roots. Constitutive overexpression of Pht1;5 had the opposite effect on P distribution: namely, lower P levels in shoots compared with the wild type but higher P content in roots. Pht1;5 overexpression also resulted in altered Pi remobilization, as evidenced by a greater than 2-fold increase in the accumulation of Pi in siliques, premature senescence, and an increase in transcript levels of genes involved in Pi scavenging. Furthermore, Pht1;5 overexpressors exhibited increased root hair formation and reduced primary root growth that could be rescued by the application of silver nitrate (ethylene perception inhibitor) or aminoethoxyvinylglycine (ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor), respectively. Together, these data indicate that Pht1;5 plays a critical role in mobilizing Pi from P source to sink organs in accordance with developmental cues and P status. The study also provides evidence for a link between Pi and ethylene signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jung JY, Shin R, Schachtman DP. Ethylene mediates response and tolerance to potassium deprivation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:607-21. [PMID: 19190240 PMCID: PMC2660615 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Potassium deprivation leads to large reductions in plant growth and yields. How plants sense and transduce the stress signals initiated by potassium deprivation is poorly understood. Both ethylene production and the transcription of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis increase when plants are deprived of potassium. To elucidate the role of ethylene in low potassium signaling pathways, we used both genetic and chemical approaches. Our results showed that ethylene is important in tolerance to low potassium and for changes in both root hair and primary root growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that ethylene acts upstream of reactive oxygen species in response to potassium deprivation. The expression of High-Affinity K(+) Transporter5 was used as a marker of potassium deprivation and was found to be dependent on ethylene signaling. In the ethylene insensitive2-1 (ein2-1) mutant, the ethylene-mediated low potassium responses were not completely eliminated, suggesting that some potassium deprivation-induced responses are either ethylene independent or EIN2 independent. Ethylene signaling is a component of the plant's response to low potassium that stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species and is important for changes in root morphology and whole plant tolerance to low potassium conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yul Jung
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|