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Guo Q, Zhu QD, Zhou ZJ, Shi FM. Phylogeography and Genetic Structure of the Bush Cricket Decma fissa (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) in Southern China. Zool Stud 2023; 62:e32. [PMID: 37671174 PMCID: PMC10475508 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2023.62-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Decma fissa is the most widely distributed species of the genus Decma occuring in southern China. This study presents the first phylogeographic work of D. fissa based on COI, Cytb and ITS sequence. We examined genetic diversity with ITS and mitochondrial sequence respectively, and phylogenetic work was based on the mitochondrial data. A high-level genetic diversity was revealed based on mitochondrial data but a low-level diversity was shown with ITS sequence. For the mitochondrial data, divergence time analysis displayed five lineages. Based on the Mantel test, geographic and genetic distances among D. fissa populations revealed a significant positive correlation. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) analyses implied that none of three major lineages of D. fissa was seemingly affected by the last glacial maximum (LGM, 0.015-0.025 Mya). Ecological niche modeling was used to predict the distribution of D. fissa in four periods (LGM, Mid-Holocene, current and 2070) in China. Analysis of the ancestral area reconstruction indicated that D. fissa occurred in the South China area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. E-mail: (Shi); (Guo); (Zhu); or (Zhou)
| | - Qi-Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. E-mail: (Shi); (Guo); (Zhu); or (Zhou)
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. E-mail: (Shi); (Guo); (Zhu); or (Zhou)
| | - Fu-Ming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China. E-mail: (Shi); (Guo); (Zhu); or (Zhou)
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Fois M, Farris E, Calvia G, Campus G, Fenu G, Porceddu M, Bacchetta G. The Endemic Vascular Flora of Sardinia: A Dynamic Checklist with an Overview of Biogeography and Conservation Status. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050601. [PMID: 35270071 PMCID: PMC8912449 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The vascular flora of Sardinia has been investigated for more than 250 years, with particular attention to the endemic component due to their phylogeographic and conservation interest. However, continuous changes in the floristic composition through natural processes, anthropogenic drivers or modified taxonomical attributions require constant updating. We checked all available literature, web sources, field, and unpublished data from the authors and acknowledged external experts to compile an updated checklist of vascular plants endemic to Sardinia. Life and chorological forms as well as the conservation status of the updated taxa list were reported. Sardinia hosts 341 taxa (15% of the total native flora) endemic to the Tyrrhenian Islands and other limited continental territories; 195 of these (8% of the total native flora) are exclusive to Sardinia. Asteraceae (50 taxa) and Plumbaginaceae (42 taxa) are the most representative families, while the most frequent life forms are hemicryptophytes (118 taxa) and chamaephytes (106 taxa). The global conservation status, available for 201 taxa, indicates that most endemics are under the 'Critically Endangered' (25 taxa), 'Endangered' (31 taxa), or 'Least Concern' (90 taxa) IUCN categories. This research provides an updated basis for future biosystematics, taxonomic, biogeographical, and ecological studies and in supporting more integrated and efficient policy tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fois
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Emmanuele Farris
- Department of Chemistry and Farmacy, University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Calvia
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuliano Campus
- Independent Researcher, Via G. Rossini 69, 09045 Quartu Sant’Elena, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Marco Porceddu
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
- Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (M.F.); (G.C.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
- Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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Porceddu M, Pritchard HW, Mattana E, Bacchetta G. Differential Interpretation of Mountain Temperatures by Endospermic Seeds of Three Endemic Species Impacts the Timing of In Situ Germination. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1382. [PMID: 33081420 PMCID: PMC7603068 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Predicting seed germination in the field is a critical part of anticipating the impact of climate change on the timing of wild species regeneration. We combined thermal time and soil heat sum models of seed germination for three endemic Mediterranean mountain species with endospermic seeds and morphophysiological dormancy: Aquilegia barbaricina, Paeonia corsica, and Ribes sandalioticum. Seeds were buried in the soil within the respective collection sites, both underneath and outside the tree canopy, and their growth was assessed regularly and related to soil temperatures and estimates of the thermal characteristics of the seeds. The thermal thresholds for embryo growth and seed germination of A. barbaricina assessed in previous studies under controlled conditions were used to calculate soil heat sum accumulation of this species in the field. Thermal thresholds of seed germination for P. corsica and R. sandalioticum were not previously known and were estimated for the first time in this field study, based on findings of previous works carried out under controlled conditions. Critical embryo length and maximum germination for A. barbaricina were reached in April, and in December for R. sandalioticum. Seeds of P. corsica stay dormant in the ground until the following summer, and the critical embryo length and highest germination were detected from September to December. Soil heat sum models predicted earlier germination by one month for all three species under two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios, based on the assumption that the estimated thermal thresholds will remain constant through climate changes. This phenological shift may increase the risk of mortality for young seedlings. The models developed provide important means of connecting the micro-environmental niche for in situ seed germination and the macro-environmental parameters under a global warming scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Porceddu
- Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Life and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK; (H.W.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Efisio Mattana
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK; (H.W.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi, 9-11, 09123 Cagliari, Italy;
- Centre for the Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Life and Environmental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 11-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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Farris E, Filigheddu R, Mameli G, Falanga V, Vanetti I, Rosati L, Binelli G. Is population genetic structure of vascular plants shaped more by ecological or geographic factors? A study case on the Mediterranean endemic Centaurea filiformis (Asteraceae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:936-947. [PMID: 29873892 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
All known populations of the Sardinian endemic Centaurea filiformis Viv. (Asteraceae) were studied in order to understand the impact of both geographic and ecological factors on the genetic structuring of this species. Fourteen populations and 234 individuals were sampled. The demographic structure of the populations and the reproductive ecology were estimated in 28 plots. Population genetic analyses were based on SSR markers. Genetic structure was investigated by spatial Bayesian methods. Average densities of 0.51 individuals m-2 were detected, with a prevalence of adults. Ten species of pollinators were identified; C. filiformis ability to self-pollinate and myrmecochory were demonstrated experimentally. The populations displayed an average heterozygosity value of He = 0.576 and high genetic differentiation (overall FST = 0.218). Bayesian analysis suggests that five is the most probable number of gene pools of origin. A strong correlation between geographic distances and genetic distances among populations was highlighted. The demographic population structure of C. filiformis is dominated by adults, suggesting that it is a stable-regressive or senile species, investing more in local persistence than colonisation ability. Despite the scattered distribution, the populations studied do not present evidence of genetic erosion. The analysis of genetic differentiation reveals very high differentiation levels among populations, thus indicating that effective barriers exist against gene flow. A general conclusion is that population distribution results in a clear genetic structure for the populations studied, and that geography and not ecology is shaping the present distribution of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Farris
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R Filigheddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G Mameli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - V Falanga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - I Vanetti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - L Rosati
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - G Binelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Porceddu M, Mattana E, Pritchard HW, Bacchetta G. Dissecting seed dormancy and germination in Aquilegia barbaricina, through thermal kinetics of embryo growth. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:983-993. [PMID: 28762612 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Threshold-based thermal time models provide insight into the physiological switch from the dormant to the non-dormant germinating seed. This approach was used to quantify the different growth responses of the embryo of seeds purported to have morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) through the complex phases of dormancy release and germination. Aquilegia barbaricina seeds were incubated at constant temperatures (10-25 °C) and 25/10 °C, without pre-treatment, after warm+cold stratification (W+C) and GA3 treatment. Embryo growth was assessed and the time of testa and endosperm rupture scored. Base temperatures (Tb ) and thermal times for 50% (θ50 ) of embryo growth and seed germination were calculated. W+C enabled slow embryo growth. W+C and GA3 promoted rapid embryo growth and subsequent radicle emergence. The embryo internal growth base temperature (Tbe ) was ca. 5 °C for W+C and GA3 -treated seeds. GA3 treatment also resulted in similar Tb estimates for radicle emergence. The thermal times for embryo growth (θe50 ) and germination (θg50 ) were four- to six-fold longer in the presence of GA3 compared to W+C. A. barbaricina is characterised by a multi-step seed germination. The slow embryo growth during W+C reflects continuation of the maternal programme of development, whilst the thermal kinetics of both embryo and radicle growth after the removal of physiological dormancy are distinctly different. The effects of W+C on the multiphasic germination response in MPD seeds are only partially mimicked by 250 mg·l-1 GA3 . The thermal time approach could be a valid tool to model thermal kinetics of embryo growth and radicle protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Porceddu
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Banca del Germoplasma della Sardegna (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Mattana
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, UK
| | | | - G Bacchetta
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Banca del Germoplasma della Sardegna (BG-SAR), Hortus Botanicus Karalitanus (HBK), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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6
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López-Pujol J, López-Vinyallonga S, Susanna A, Ertuğrul K, Uysal T, Tugay O, Guetat A, Garcia-Jacas N. Speciation and genetic diversity in Centaurea subsect. Phalolepis in Anatolia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37818. [PMID: 27886271 PMCID: PMC5122891 DOI: 10.1038/srep37818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountains of Anatolia are one of the main Mediterranean biodiversity hotspots and their richness in endemic species amounts for 30% of the flora. Two main factors may account for this high diversity: the complex orography and its role as refugia during past glaciations. We have investigated seven narrow endemics of Centaurea subsection Phalolepis from Anatolia by means of microsatellites and ecological niche modelling (ENM), in order to analyse genetic polymorphisms and getting insights into their speciation. Despite being narrow endemics, all the studied species show moderate to high SSR genetic diversity. Populations are genetically isolated, but exchange of genes probably occurred at glacial maxima (likely through the Anatolian mountain arches as suggested by the ENM). The lack of correlation between genetic clusters and (morpho) species is interpreted as a result of allopatric diversification on the basis of a shared gene pool. As suggested in a former study in Greece, post-glacial isolation in mountains would be the main driver of diversification in these plants; mountains of Anatolia would have acted as plant refugia, allowing the maintenance of high genetic diversity. Ancient gene flow between taxa that became sympatric during glaciations may also have contributed to the high levels of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi López-Pujol
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara López-Vinyallonga
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Susanna
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kuddisi Ertuğrul
- Faculty of Science and Art, Selcuk University, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Tuna Uysal
- Faculty of Science and Art, Selcuk University, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Osman Tugay
- Faculty of Science and Art, Selcuk University, TR-42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Arbi Guetat
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Núria Garcia-Jacas
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain
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Fiera C, Habel JC, Kunz M, Ulrich W. Large-scale phylogenetic structure of European springtails (Collembola) depends on species range size and postglacial colonization history. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fiera
- Institute of Biology; Romanian Academy; 296 Splaiul Independenţei PO Box 56-53 RO-060031 Bucharest Romania
| | - Jan Christian Habel
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group; Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Technische Universität München; D-85354 Freising-Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Mieczysław Kunz
- Department of Geomatics and Cartography; Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun; Lwowska 1 PL-87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Werner Ulrich
- Chair of Ecology and Biogeography; Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun; Lwowska 1 PL-87-100 Toruń Poland
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8
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Bobo-Pinilla J, Barrios de León SB, Seguí Colomar J, Fenu G, Bacchetta G, Peñas de Giles J, Martínez-Ortega MM. Phylogeography of Arenaria balearica L. (Caryophyllaceae): evolutionary history of a disjunct endemic from the Western Mediterranean continental islands. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2618. [PMID: 27833802 PMCID: PMC5101623 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been traditionally accepted that Arenaria balearica (Caryophyllaceae) could be a relict Tertiary plant species, this has never been experimentally tested. Nor have the palaeohistorical reasons underlying the highly fragmented distribution of the species in the Western Mediterranean region been investigated. We have analysed AFLP data (213) and plastid DNA sequences (226) from a total of 250 plants from 29 populations sampled throughout the entire distribution range of the species in Majorca, Corsica, Sardinia, and the Tuscan Archipelago. The AFLP data analyses indicate very low geographic structure and population differentiation. Based on plastid DNA data, six alternative phylogeographic hypotheses were tested using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). These analyses revealed ancient area fragmentation as the most probable scenario, which is in accordance with the star-like topology of the parsimony network that suggests a pattern of long term survival and subsequent in situ differentiation. Overall low levels of genetic diversity and plastid DNA variation were found, reflecting evolutionary stasis of a species preserved in locally long-term stable habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bobo-Pinilla
- Department of Botany, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biobanco de ADN Vegetal, Banco Nacional de ADN, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Seguí Colomar
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA), Esporles, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - María Montserrat Martínez-Ortega
- Department of Botany, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Biobanco de ADN Vegetal, Banco Nacional de ADN, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Gentili R, Bacchetta G, Fenu G, Cogoni D, Abeli T, Rossi G, Salvatore MC, Baroni C, Citterio S. From cold to warm-stage refugia for boreo-alpine plants in southern European and Mediterranean mountains: the last chance to survive or an opportunity for speciation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2015.1116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li LF, Wang HY, Pang D, Liu Y, Liu B, Xiao HX. Phenotypic and genetic evidence for ecological speciation of Aquilegia japonica and A. oxysepala. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:1028-1040. [PMID: 25117915 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural selection is thought to be a driving force that can cause the evolution of reproductive isolation. The genus Aquilegia is a model system to address how natural selection promotes the process of speciation. Morphological differences between A. oxysepala, A. japonica and their hybrids were quantified for two vegetative (plant height and leaf area) and three floral morphological (sepal area, corolla length and diameter) traits. We also evaluated the genetic variability of the two species and their hybrids based on two chloroplast (1225 bp), four nuclear (5811 bp) genes and 15 microsatellites. Our results revealed that differentiation of A. japonica and A. oxysepala at the ecological and morphological levels also involved divergence at the genetic level. In addition, the analysis of nucleotide variation patterns showed that the two species possessed numerous fixation sites at nuclear genes gAA4, gA7 and gAA12. Furthermore, we found that all of the phenotypic hybrids also showed a genetically admixed ancestry. These findings suggest that natural selection has indeed facilitated the formation of distinct genetic variation patterns in the two Aquilegia species and habitat adaptation has been driving the ecologically based evolution of reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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11
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Sato Y, Kudoh H. Fine-scale genetic differentiation of a temperate herb: relevance of local environments and demographic change. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu070. [PMID: 25387749 PMCID: PMC4262940 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The genetic structure of a plant species is shaped by environmental adaptation and demographic factors, but their relative contributions are still unknown. To examine the environment- or geography-related differentiation, we quantified genetic variation among 41 populations of a temperate herb, Arabidopsis halleri subsp. gemmifera (Brassicaceae). We analysed 19 microsatellite loci, which showed a significant population differentiation and a moderate within-population genetic diversity (global Gst = 0.42 and Hs = 0.19). Our structure analysis and phylogenetic network did not detect more than two genetic groups across the Japanese mainland but found fine-scale genetic differentiations and admixed patterns around the central area. Across the Japanese mainland, we found significant evidence for isolation-by-distance but not for isolation-by-environments. However, at least within the central area, the magnitude of genetic differentiation tended to increase with microhabitat dissimilarity under light conditions and water availability. Furthermore, most populations have been estimated to experience a recent decline in the effective population size, indicating a possibility of bottleneck effects on the pattern of genetic variation. These findings highlight a potential influence of the microhabitat conditions and demographic changes on the local-scale genetic differentiation among natural plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sato
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
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12
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Dettori CA, Sergi S, Tamburini E, Bacchetta G. The genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of the Corso-Sardinian endemic Ferula arrigonii Bocchieri (Apiaceae). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:1005-1013. [PMID: 24400949 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Corsica and Sardinia represent major hotspots of plant diversity in the Mediterranean area and are priority regions for conservation due to their high number of endemic plant species. However, information supporting human decision-making on the conservation of these species is still scarce, especially at the genetic level. In this work, the first assessment is reported of the species-wide spatial genetic structure and diversity of Ferula arrigonii Bocchieri, a Corso-Sardinian endemic located in a few coastal sites and on small islands. Nine populations covering the entire natural range of the species were investigated by means of AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers. Results indicate that this species is characterised by high levels of genetic polymorphism (92% polymorphic fragments) and of genetic diversity (H(w) = 0.317) and by relatively low differentiation among populations (F(st) = 0.057). PCoA, Bayesian analysis and neighbour-joining clustering were also employed to investigate the genetic structure of this species. Three genetically distinct groups were detected, although with considerable overlap between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Dettori
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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13
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Conserving plants in gene banks and nature: investigating complementarity with Trifolium thompsonii Morton. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105145. [PMID: 25121602 PMCID: PMC4133347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A standard conservation strategy for plant genetic resources integrates in situ (on-farm or wild) and ex situ (gene or field bank) approaches. Gene bank managers collect ex situ accessions that represent a comprehensive snap shot of the genetic diversity of in situ populations at a given time and place. Although simple in theory, achieving complementary in situ and ex situ holdings is challenging. Using Trifolium thompsonii as a model insect-pollinated herbaceous perennial species, we used AFLP markers to compare genetic diversity and structure of ex situ accessions collected at two time periods (1995, 2004) from four locations, with their corresponding in situ populations sampled in 2009. Our goal was to assess the complementarity of the two approaches. We examined how gene flow, selection and genetic drift contributed to population change. Across locations, we found no difference in diversity between ex situ and in situ samples. One population showed a decline in genetic diversity over the 15 years studied. Population genetic differentiation among the four locations was significant, but weak. Association tests suggested infrequent, long distance gene flow. Selection and drift occurred, but differences due to spatial effects were three times as strong as differences attributed to temporal effects, and suggested recollection efforts could occur at intervals greater than fifteen years. An effective collecting strategy for insect pollinated herbaceous perennial species was to sample >150 plants, equalize maternal contribution, and sample along random transects with sufficient space between plants to minimize intrafamilial sampling. Quantifying genetic change between ex situ and in situ accessions allows genetic resource managers to validate ex situ collecting and maintenance protocols, develop appropriate recollection intervals, and provide an early detection mechanism for identifying problematic conditions that can be addressed to prevent further decline in vulnerable in situ populations.
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Lega M, Fior S, Li M, Leonardi S, Varotto C. Genetic Drift Linked to Heterogeneous Landscape and Ecological Specialization Drives Diversification in the Alpine Endemic Columbine Aquilegia thalictrifolia. J Hered 2014; 105:542-554. [PMID: 24864044 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Alpine system is an extensive mountain range, whose heterogeneous landscape together with Quaternary climatic oscillations significantly affected organismal diversity and distribution in Europe. The model genus Aquilegia represents a textbook example of a rapid and recent radiation through the Northern hemisphere, with the majority of the European taxa occuring in the Alpine system. However, the processes governing genetic differentiation of the genus in this complex geographic area are still widely unexplored. In this work, we used 9 microsatellite loci to study the genetic structure and diversity of 11 populations of Aquilegia thalictrifolia Schott & Kotschy, an alpine taxon characterized by a marked ecological specificity. We found that, despite the endemic and fragmented distribution, A. thalictrifolia has overall high levels of heterozygosity, which is consistent to the substantial inbreeding depression that characterizes the genus. Strong spatial genetic structuring of populations suggests a historical prevalence of genetic drift over gene flow, with natural barriers and ecological niche hindering migration. An analytical comparison of fixation and population differentiation indexes allowed us to infer hypotheses of the postglacial history and more recent demographic events that have influenced the genetics of the species. Overall, our results indicate allopatry as a major force of differentiation in the European scenario, likely to underlie the development of taxonomic boundaries in a broader geographic context. This adds to previous notions on the primary evolutionary forces shaping the Aquilegia radiation in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Lega
- From the Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Lega, Fior, Li, and Varotto); the Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Fior), and the Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy (Leonardi)
| | - Simone Fior
- From the Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Lega, Fior, Li, and Varotto); the Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Fior), and the Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy (Leonardi)
| | - Mingai Li
- From the Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Lega, Fior, Li, and Varotto); the Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Fior), and the Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy (Leonardi)
| | - Stefano Leonardi
- From the Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Lega, Fior, Li, and Varotto); the Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Fior), and the Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy (Leonardi)
| | - Claudio Varotto
- From the Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy (Lega, Fior, Li, and Varotto); the Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (Fior), and the Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy (Leonardi).
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Alcántara JM, Jaime R, Bastida JM, Rey PJ. The role of genetic constraints on the diversification of Iberian taxa of the genusAquilegia(Ranunculaceae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio M. Alcántara
- Departamento de Biología Animal; Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Jaén; E-23071 Jaén Spain
| | - Rafael Jaime
- Departamento de Biología Animal; Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Jaén; E-23071 Jaén Spain
| | - Jesús M. Bastida
- Laboratorio Ecología y Evolución de polinización y sistemas reproductivos en plantas; CIEco; UNAM; 58190 Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - Pedro J. Rey
- Departamento de Biología Animal; Biología Vegetal y Ecología; Universidad de Jaén; E-23071 Jaén Spain
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Henss JM, Moeller JR, Theim TJ, Givnish TJ. Spatial scales of genetic structure and gene flow in Calochortus albus (Liliaceae). Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1461-70. [PMID: 23789059 PMCID: PMC3686183 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calochortus (Liliaceae) displays high species richness, restriction of many individual taxa to narrow ranges, geographic coherence of individual clades, and parallel adaptive radiations in different regions. Here we test the first part of a hypothesis that all of these patterns may reflect gene flow at small geographic scales. We use amplified fragment length polymorphism variation to quantify the geographic scales of spatial genetic structure and apparent gene flow in Calochortus albus, a widespread member of the genus, at Henry Coe State Park in the Coast Ranges south of San Francisco Bay. Analyses of 254 mapped individuals spaced 0.001–14.4 km apart show a highly significant decline in genetic identity with ln distance, implying a root-mean-square distance of gene flow σ of 5–43 m. STRUCTURE analysis implies the existence of 2–4 clusters over the study area, with frequent reversals among clusters over short distances (<200 m) and a relatively high frequency of admixture within individuals at most sampling sites. While the intensity of spatial genetic structure in C. albus is weak, as measured by the Sp statistic, that appears to reflect low genetic identity of adjacent plants, which might reflect repeated colonizations at small spatial scales or density-dependent mortality of individual genotypes by natural enemies. Small spatial scales of gene flow and spatial genetic structure should permit, under a variety of conditions, genetic differentiation within species at such scales, setting the stage ultimately for speciation and adaptive radiation as such scales as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Henss
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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Zaitlin D. Intraspecific diversity in Sinningia speciosa (Gesneriaceae: Sinningieae), and possible origins of the cultivated florist's gloxinia. AOB PLANTS 2012; 2012:pls039. [PMID: 23755350 PMCID: PMC3676262 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/pls039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The florist's gloxinia is a familiar houseplant in the Gesneriaceae, the botanical family that includes the African violet (Saintpaulia) and other ornamental species. The gloxinia's wild progenitor is Sinningia speciosa (Lodd.) Hiern, a Brazilian endemic. Although it has been cultivated for almost 200 years, little is known about the genetic diversity in S. speciosa, how the wild populations relate to one another or even where the cultivated forms originated. Using available wild collections, preliminary phenetic and phylogenetic investigations were conducted to elucidate the interspecific relationships within S. speciosa and to infer the origins of the cultivars. METHODOLOGY Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to 24 accessions of S. speciosa (17 wild collections, seven cultivars) and one accession each of Sinningia guttata and Sinningia macrophylla. A maximum likelihood (ML) tree was also calculated from an alignment of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence from the same 26 accessions. PRINCIPAL RESULTS Dice/UPGMA and principal coordinates analysis of the AFLP data partitioned S. speciosa into several distinct clusters, one of which included S. macrophylla. All cultivated 'gloxinias' grouped together in a major cluster with plants from Rio de Janeiro. The AFLP results were compared with a phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal spacer region, which was informative in S. speciosa. The ML tree generally supported the AFLP results, although several clades lacked strong statistical support. CONCLUSIONS Independent analyses of two different data sets show that S. speciosa is a diverse species comprised of several lineages. Genetic distance estimates calculated from the AFLP data were positively correlated with geographic distances between populations, indicating that reproductive isolation could be driving speciation in this taxon. Molecular markers are under development for population genetic studies in S. speciosa, which will make it possible to define evolutionarily significant units for purposes of conservation.
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