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Graves WW, Levinson HJ, Staples R, Boukrina O, Rothlein D, Purcell J. An inclusive multivariate approach to neural localization of language components. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1243-1263. [PMID: 38693340 PMCID: PMC11147878 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
To determine how language is implemented in the brain, it is important to know which brain areas are primarily engaged in language processing and which are not. Existing protocols for localizing language are typically univariate, treating each small unit of brain volume as independent. One prominent example that focuses on the overall language network in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses a contrast between neural responses to sentences and sets of pseudowords (pronounceable nonwords). This contrast reliably activates peri-sylvian language areas but is less sensitive to extra-sylvian areas that are also known to support aspects of language such as word meanings (semantics). In this study, we assess areas where a multivariate, pattern-based approach shows high reproducibility across multiple measurements and participants, identifying these areas as multivariate regions of interest (mROI). We then perform a representational similarity analysis (RSA) of an fMRI dataset where participants made familiarity judgments on written words. We also compare those results to univariate regions of interest (uROI) taken from previous sentences > pseudowords contrasts. RSA with word stimuli defined in terms of their semantic distance showed greater correspondence with neural patterns in mROI than uROI. This was confirmed in two independent datasets, one involving single-word recognition, and the other focused on the meaning of noun-noun phrases by contrasting meaningful phrases > pseudowords. In all cases, areas of spatial overlap between mROI and uROI showed the greatest neural association. This suggests that ROIs defined in terms of multivariate reproducibility can help localize components of language such as semantics. The multivariate approach can also be extended to focus on other aspects of language such as phonology, and can be used along with the univariate approach for inclusively mapping language cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Graves
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Smith Hall, Room 301, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Hillary J Levinson
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Smith Hall, Room 301, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Ryan Staples
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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2
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Han Y, Jing Y, Shi Y, Mo H, Wan Y, Zhou H, Deng F. The role of language-related functional brain regions and white matter tracts in network plasticity of post-stroke aphasia. J Neurol 2024; 271:3095-3115. [PMID: 38607432 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12358-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The neural mechanisms underlying language recovery after a stroke remain controversial. This review aimed to summarize the plasticity and reorganization mechanisms of the language network through neuroimaging studies. Initially, we discussed the involvement of right language homologues, perilesional tissue, and domain-general networks. Subsequently, we summarized the white matter functional mapping and remodeling mechanisms associated with language subskills. Finally, we explored how non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) promoted language recovery by inducing neural network plasticity. It was observed that the recruitment of right hemisphere language area homologues played a pivotal role in the early stages of frontal post-stroke aphasia (PSA), particularly in patients with larger lesions. Perilesional plasticity correlated with improved speech performance and prognosis. The domain-general networks could respond to increased "effort" in a task-dependent manner from the top-down when the downstream language network was impaired. Fluency, repetition, comprehension, naming, and reading skills exhibited overlapping and unique dual-pathway functional mapping models. In the acute phase, the structural remodeling of white matter tracts became challenging, with recovery predominantly dependent on cortical activation. Similar to the pattern of cortical activation, during the subacute and chronic phases, improvements in language functions depended, respectively, on the remodeling of right white matter tracts and the restoration of left-lateralized language structural network patterns. Moreover, the midline superior frontal gyrus/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex emerged as a promising target for NIBS. These findings offered theoretical insights for the early personalized treatment of aphasia after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanmin Shi
- Health Management (Physical Examination) Center, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongbin Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yafei Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Seidel K, Wermelinger J, Alvarez-Abut P, Deletis V, Raabe A, Zhang D, Schucht P. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials of language tracts in minimally invasive glioma surgery guided by Penfield stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 161:256-267. [PMID: 38521679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the feasibility of recording cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) in patients with low- and high-grade glioma. We compared CCEPs during awake and asleep surgery, as well as those stimulated from the functional Broca area and recorded from the functional Wernicke area (BtW), and vice versa (WtB). We also analyzed CCEP properties according to tumor location, histopathology, and aphasia. METHODS We included 20 patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery in an asleep-awake-asleep setting. Strip electrode placement was guided by classical Penfield stimulation of positive language sites and fiber tracking of the arcuate fascicle. CCEPs were elicited with alternating monophasic single pulses of 1.1 Hz frequency and recorded as averaged signals. Intraoperatively, there was no post-processing of the signal. RESULTS Ninety-seven CCEPs from 19 patients were analyzed. There was no significant difference in CCEP properties when comparing awake versus asleep, nor BtW versus WtB. CCEP amplitude and latency were affected by tumor location and histopathology. CCEP features after tumor resection correlated with short- and long-term postoperative aphasia. CONCLUSION CCEP recordings are feasible during minimally invasive surgery. CCEPs might be surrogate markers for altered connectivity of the language tracts. SIGNIFICANCE This study may guide the incorporation of CCEPs into intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Seidel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jonathan Wermelinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Alvarez-Abut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vedran Deletis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Raabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schucht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Sun C, Zhang J, Bu L, Lu J, Yao Y, Wu J. A speech fluency brain network derived from gliomas. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae153. [PMID: 38756538 PMCID: PMC11098038 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain network of speech fluency has not yet been investigated via a study with a large and homogenous sample. This study analysed multimodal imaging data from 115 patients with low-grade glioma to explore the brain network of speech fluency. We applied voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping to identify domain-specific regions and white matter pathways associated with speech fluency. Direct cortical stimulation validated the domain-specific regions intra-operatively. We then performed connectivity-behaviour analysis with the aim of identifying connections that significantly correlated with speech fluency. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analysis showed that damage to domain-specific regions (the middle frontal gyrus, the precentral gyrus, the orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus and the insula) and white matter pathways (corticospinal fasciculus, internal capsule, arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, frontal aslant tract) are associated with reduced speech fluency. Furthermore, we identified connections emanating from these domain-specific regions that exhibited significant correlations with speech fluency. These findings illuminate the interaction between domain-specific regions and 17 domain-general regions-encompassing the superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and rolandic operculum, superior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, inferior temporal pole, middle cingulate gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, inferior parietal lobe, as well as subcortical structures such as thalamus-implicating their collective role in supporting fluent speech. Our detailed mapping of the speech fluency network offers a strategic foundation for clinicians to safeguard language function during the surgical intervention for brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cechen Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health & National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 201107, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Linghao Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 201107, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 201107, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health & National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 201107, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
- Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 200040, China
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Roelofs A. Wernicke's functional neuroanatomy model of language turns 150: what became of its psychological reflex arcs? Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02785-5. [PMID: 38581582 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Wernicke (Der aphasische Symptomencomplex: Eine psychologische Studie auf anatomischer Basis. Cohn und Weigert, Breslau. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/dwv5w9rw , 1874) proposed a model of the functional neuroanatomy of spoken word repetition, production, and comprehension. At the heart of this epoch-making model are psychological reflex arcs underpinned by fiber tracts connecting sensory to motor areas. Here, I evaluate the central assumption of psychological reflex arcs in light of what we have learned about language in the brain during the past 150 years. I first describe Wernicke's 1874 model and the evidence he presented for it. Next, I discuss his updates of the model published in 1886 and posthumously in 1906. Although the model had an enormous immediate impact, it lost influence after the First World War. Unresolved issues included the anatomical underpinnings of the psychological reflex arcs, the role of auditory images in word production, and the sufficiency of psychological reflex arcs, which was questioned by Wundt (Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie. Engelmann, Leipzig. http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/references?id=lit46 , 1874; Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie (Vol. 1, 5th ed.). Engelmann, Leipzig. http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/references?id=lit806 , 1902). After a long dormant period, Wernicke's model was revived by Geschwind (Science 170:940-944. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.170.3961.940 , 1970; Selected papers on language and the brain. Reidel, Dordrecht, 1974), who proposed a version of it that differed in several important respects from Wernicke's original. Finally, I describe how new evidence from modern research has led to a novel view on language in the brain, supplementing contemporary equivalents of psychological reflex arcs by other mechanisms such as attentional control and assuming different neuroanatomical underpinnings. In support of this novel view, I report new analyses of patient data and computer simulations using the WEAVER++/ARC model (Roelofs 2014, 2022) that incorporates attentional control and integrates the new evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardi Roelofs
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6525 GD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Li TT, Zhang PP, Zhang MC, Zhang H, Wang HY, Yuan Y, Wu SL, Wang XW, Sun ZG. Meta-analysis and systematic review of the relationship between sex and the risk or incidence of poststroke aphasia and its types. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:220. [PMID: 38438862 PMCID: PMC10910787 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse and discuss the association of gender differences with the risk and incidence of poststroke aphasia (PSA) and its types, and to provide evidence-based guidance for the prevention and treatment of poststroke aphasia in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from January 1, 2002, to December 1, 2023. STUDY SELECTION Including the total number of strokes, aphasia, the number of different sexes or the number of PSA corresponding to different sex. DATA EXTRACTION Studies with missing data, aphasia caused by nonstroke and noncompliance with the requirements of literature types were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS 36 papers were included, from 19 countries. The analysis of 168,259 patients with stroke and 31,058 patients with PSA showed that the risk of PSA was 1.23 times higher in female than in male (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.19-1.29, P < 0.001), with a prevalence of PSA of 31% in men and 36% in women, and an overall prevalence of 34% (P < 0.001). Analysis of the risk of the different types of aphasia in 1,048 patients with PSA showed a high risk in females for global, broca and Wenicke aphasia, and a high risk in males for anomic, conductive and transcortical aphasia, which was not statistically significant by meta-analysis. The incidence of global aphasia (males vs. females, 29% vs. 32%) and broca aphasia (17% vs 19%) were higher in females, and anomic aphasia (19% vs 14%) was higher in males, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are gender differences in the incidence and types of PSA. The risk of PSA in female is higher than that in male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhang
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Chen Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong-Ying Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shan-Lin Wu
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Zhong-Guang Sun
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
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Levy DF, Entrup JL, Schneck SM, Onuscheck CF, Rahman M, Kasdan A, Casilio M, Willey E, Davis LT, de Riesthal M, Kirshner HS, Wilson SM. Multivariate lesion symptom mapping for predicting trajectories of recovery from aphasia. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae024. [PMID: 38370445 PMCID: PMC10873140 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with post-stroke aphasia tend to recover their language to some extent; however, it remains challenging to reliably predict the nature and extent of recovery that will occur in the long term. The aim of this study was to quantitatively predict language outcomes in the first year of recovery from aphasia across multiple domains of language and at multiple timepoints post-stroke. We recruited 217 patients with aphasia following acute left hemisphere ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke and evaluated their speech and language function using the Quick Aphasia Battery acutely and then acquired longitudinal follow-up data at up to three timepoints post-stroke: 1 month (n = 102), 3 months (n = 98) and 1 year (n = 74). We used support vector regression to predict language outcomes at each timepoint using acute clinical imaging data, demographic variables and initial aphasia severity as input. We found that ∼60% of the variance in long-term (1 year) aphasia severity could be predicted using these models, with detailed information about lesion location importantly contributing to these predictions. Predictions at the 1- and 3-month timepoints were somewhat less accurate based on lesion location alone, but reached comparable accuracy to predictions at the 1-year timepoint when initial aphasia severity was included in the models. Specific subdomains of language besides overall severity were predicted with varying but often similar degrees of accuracy. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using support vector regression models with leave-one-out cross-validation to make personalized predictions about long-term recovery from aphasia and provide a valuable neuroanatomical baseline upon which to build future models incorporating information beyond neuroanatomical and demographic predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah F Levy
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jillian L Entrup
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sarah M Schneck
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Caitlin F Onuscheck
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maysaa Rahman
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna Kasdan
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Marianne Casilio
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emma Willey
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - L Taylor Davis
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael de Riesthal
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Howard S Kirshner
- Vanderbilt Stroke and Cerebrovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stephen M Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Sajid N, Gajardo-Vidal A, Ekert JO, Lorca-Puls DL, Hope TMH, Green DW, Friston KJ, Price CJ. Degeneracy in the neurological model of auditory speech repetition. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1161. [PMID: 37957231 PMCID: PMC10643365 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both classic and contemporary models of auditory word repetition involve at least four left hemisphere regions: primary auditory cortex for processing sounds; pSTS (within Wernicke's area) for processing auditory images of speech; pOp (within Broca's area) for processing motor images of speech; and primary motor cortex for overt speech articulation. Previous functional-MRI (fMRI) studies confirm that auditory repetition activates these regions, in addition to many others. Crucially, however, contemporary models do not specify how regions interact and drive each other during auditory repetition. Here, we used dynamic causal modelling, to test the functional interplay among the four core brain regions during single auditory word and pseudoword repetition. Our analysis is grounded in the principle of degeneracy-i.e., many-to-one structure-function relationships-where multiple neural pathways can execute the same function. Contrary to expectation, we found that, for both word and pseudoword repetition, (i) the effective connectivity between pSTS and pOp was predominantly bidirectional and inhibitory; (ii) activity in the motor cortex could be driven by either pSTS or pOp; and (iii) the latter varied both within and between individuals. These results suggest that different neural pathways can support auditory speech repetition. This degeneracy may explain resilience to functional loss after brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Sajid
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, QS Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrea Gajardo-Vidal
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, QS Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile
| | - Justyna O Ekert
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, QS Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diego L Lorca-Puls
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, QS Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Sección de Neurología, Departamento de Especialidades, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Thomas M H Hope
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, QS Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David W Green
- Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karl J Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, QS Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, QS Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Matchin W, den Ouden DB, Basilakos A, Stark BC, Fridriksson J, Hickok G. Grammatical Parallelism in Aphasia: A Lesion-Symptom Mapping Study. NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 4:550-574. [PMID: 37946730 PMCID: PMC10631800 DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sentence structure, or syntax, is potentially a uniquely creative aspect of the human mind. Neuropsychological experiments in the 1970s suggested parallel syntactic production and comprehension deficits in agrammatic Broca's aphasia, thought to result from damage to syntactic mechanisms in Broca's area in the left frontal lobe. This hypothesis was sometimes termed overarching agrammatism, converging with developments in linguistic theory concerning central syntactic mechanisms supporting language production and comprehension. However, the evidence supporting an association among receptive syntactic deficits, expressive agrammatism, and damage to frontal cortex is equivocal. In addition, the relationship among a distinct grammatical production deficit in aphasia, paragrammatism, and receptive syntax has not been assessed. We used lesion-symptom mapping in three partially overlapping groups of left-hemisphere stroke patients to investigate these issues: grammatical production deficits in a primary group of 53 subjects and syntactic comprehension in larger sample sizes (N = 130, 218) that overlapped with the primary group. Paragrammatic production deficits were significantly associated with multiple analyses of syntactic comprehension, particularly when incorporating lesion volume as a covariate, but agrammatic production deficits were not. The lesion correlates of impaired performance of syntactic comprehension were significantly associated with damage to temporal lobe regions, which were also implicated in paragrammatism, but not with the inferior and middle frontal regions implicated in expressive agrammatism. Our results provide strong evidence against the overarching agrammatism hypothesis. By contrast, our results suggest the possibility of an alternative grammatical parallelism hypothesis rooted in paragrammatism and a central syntactic system in the posterior temporal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Matchin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Dirk-Bart den Ouden
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alexandra Basilakos
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brielle Caserta Stark
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Program for Neuroscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Julius Fridriksson
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Gregory Hickok
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Department of Language Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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10
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Ivanova MV, Pappas I, Inglis B, Pracar AL, Herron TJ, Baldo JV, Kayser AS, D’Esposito M, Dronkers NF. Cerebral perfusion in post-stroke aphasia and its relationship to residual language abilities. Brain Commun 2023; 6:fcad252. [PMID: 38162898 PMCID: PMC10757451 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke alters blood flow to the brain resulting in damaged tissue and cell death. Moreover, the disruption of cerebral blood flow (perfusion) can be observed in areas surrounding and distal to the lesion. These structurally preserved but suboptimally perfused regions may also affect recovery. Thus, to better understand aphasia recovery, the relationship between cerebral perfusion and language needs to be systematically examined. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate (i) how stroke affects perfusion outside of lesioned areas in chronic aphasia and (ii) how perfusion in specific cortical areas and perilesional tissue relates to language outcomes in aphasia. We analysed perfusion data from a large sample of participants with chronic aphasia due to left hemisphere stroke (n = 43) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 25). We used anatomically defined regions of interest that covered the frontal, parietal, and temporal areas of the perisylvian cortex in both hemispheres, areas typically known to support language, along with several control regions not implicated in language processing. For the aphasia group, we also looked at three regions of interest in the perilesional tissue. We compared perfusion levels between the two groups and investigated the relationship between perfusion levels and language subtest scores while controlling for demographic and lesion variables. First, we observed that perfusion levels outside the lesioned areas were significantly reduced in frontal and parietal regions in the left hemisphere in people with aphasia compared to the control group, while no differences were observed for the right hemisphere regions. Second, we found that perfusion in the left temporal lobe (and most strongly in the posterior part of both superior and middle temporal gyri) and inferior parietal areas (supramarginal gyrus) was significantly related to residual expressive and receptive language abilities. In contrast, perfusion in the frontal regions did not show such a relationship; no relationship with language was also observed for perfusion levels in control areas and all right hemisphere regions. Third, perilesional perfusion was only marginally related to language production abilities. Cumulatively, the current findings demonstrate that blood flow is reduced beyond the lesion site in chronic aphasia and that hypoperfused neural tissue in critical temporoparietal language areas has a negative impact on behavioural outcomes. These results, using perfusion imaging, underscore the critical and general role that left hemisphere posterior temporal regions play in various expressive and receptive language abilities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of exploring perfusion measures in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Ivanova
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ben Inglis
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alexis L Pracar
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Timothy J Herron
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Juliana V Baldo
- Research Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Andrew S Kayser
- Division of Neurology, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark D’Esposito
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Neurology Service, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, CA 94553, USA
| | - Nina F Dronkers
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Depertment of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
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11
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Zhu W, Deng S, Jiang H, Zhang J, Li B, Liu W, Jia Q, Liu W, Meng Z. Application of diffusion tensor imaging in the diagnosis of post-stroke aphasia: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1140588. [PMID: 37790217 PMCID: PMC10544987 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1140588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) indicators of different white matter (WM) fibers and brain region lesions for post-stroke aphasia (PSA) are inconsistent in existing studies. Our study examines the consistency and differences between PSA tests performed with DTI. In addition, obtaining consistent and independent conclusions between studies was made possible by utilizing DTI in PSA assessment. Methods In order to gather relevant studies using DTI for diagnosing PSA, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and CNKI databases. Based on the screening and evaluation of the included studies, the meta-analysis was used to conduct a quantitative analysis. Narrative descriptions were provided for studies that met the inclusion criteria but lacked data. Results First, we reported on the left hemisphere. The meta-analysis showed that fractional anisotropy (FA) of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and uncinate fasciculus (UF) were decreased in the PSA group in comparison with the healthy controls (p < 0.00001). However, in the comparison of axial diffusivity (AD), there was no statistically significant difference in white matter fiber tracts in the dual-stream language model of the PSA group. Elevated radial diffusivity (RD) was seen only in the IFOF and ILF (PIFOF = 0.01; PILF = 0.05). In the classic Broca's area, the FA of the PSA group was decreased (p < 0.00001) while the apparent diffusion coefficient was elevated (p = 0.03). Secondly, we evaluated the white matter fiber tracts in the dual-stream language model of the right hemisphere. The FA of the PSA group was decreased only in the IFOF (p = 0.001). AD was elevated in the AF and UF (PAF < 0.00001; PUF = 0.009). RD was elevated in the AF and UF (PAF = 0.01; PUF = 0.003). The other fiber tracts did not undergo similar alterations. Conclusion In conclusion, DTI is vital for diagnosing PSA because it detects WM changes effectively, but it still has some limitations. Due to a lack of relevant language scales and clinical manifestations, diagnosing and differentiating PSA independently remain challenging. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=365897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Zhu
- Clinical Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhe Deng
- Clinical Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailun Jiang
- Clinical Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jieying Zhang
- Clinical Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Boxuan Li
- Clinical Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Clinical Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihong Meng
- Clinical Department of Acupuncture, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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12
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Yu Q, Jiang Y, Sun Y, Ju X, Ye T, Liu N, Qian S, Liu K. Effects of Damage to the Integrity of the Left Dual-Stream Frontotemporal Network Mediated by the Arcuate Fasciculus and Uncinate Fasciculus on Acute/Subacute Post-Stroke Aphasia. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1324. [PMID: 37759925 PMCID: PMC10526853 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To investigate the correlation between the integrity of the left dual-stream frontotemporal network mediated by the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and uncinate fasciculus (UF), and acute/subacute post-stroke aphasia (PSA). (2) Methods: Thirty-six patients were recruited and received both a language assessment and a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scan. Correlations between diffusion indices in the bilateral LSAF/UF and language performance assessment were analyzed with correlation analyses. Multiple linear regression analysis was also implemented to investigate the effects of the integrity of the left LSAF/UF on language performance. (3) Results: Correlation analyses showed that the diffusion indices, including mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values and the fiber number of the left LSAF rather than the left UF was significantly positively associated with language domain scores (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an independent and positive association between the mean FA value of the left LSAF and the percentage score of language subsets. In addition, no interaction effect of the integrity of the left LSAF and UF on language performance was found (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The integrity of the left LSAF, but not the UF, might play important roles in supporting residual language ability in individuals with acute/subacute PSA; simultaneous disruption of the dual-stream frontotemporal network mediated by the left LSAF and UF would not result in more severe aphasia than damage to either pathway alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.J.); (X.J.); (T.Y.); (N.L.); (S.Q.)
| | - Yuer Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.J.); (X.J.); (T.Y.); (N.L.); (S.Q.)
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China;
| | - Xiaowen Ju
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.J.); (X.J.); (T.Y.); (N.L.); (S.Q.)
| | - Tianfen Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.J.); (X.J.); (T.Y.); (N.L.); (S.Q.)
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.J.); (X.J.); (T.Y.); (N.L.); (S.Q.)
| | - Surong Qian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.J.); (X.J.); (T.Y.); (N.L.); (S.Q.)
| | - Kefu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China;
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13
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Willett FR, Kunz EM, Fan C, Avansino DT, Wilson GH, Choi EY, Kamdar F, Glasser MF, Hochberg LR, Druckmann S, Shenoy KV, Henderson JM. A high-performance speech neuroprosthesis. Nature 2023; 620:1031-1036. [PMID: 37612500 PMCID: PMC10468393 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Speech brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to restore rapid communication to people with paralysis by decoding neural activity evoked by attempted speech into text1,2 or sound3,4. Early demonstrations, although promising, have not yet achieved accuracies sufficiently high for communication of unconstrained sentences from a large vocabulary1-7. Here we demonstrate a speech-to-text BCI that records spiking activity from intracortical microelectrode arrays. Enabled by these high-resolution recordings, our study participant-who can no longer speak intelligibly owing to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-achieved a 9.1% word error rate on a 50-word vocabulary (2.7 times fewer errors than the previous state-of-the-art speech BCI2) and a 23.8% word error rate on a 125,000-word vocabulary (the first successful demonstration, to our knowledge, of large-vocabulary decoding). Our participant's attempted speech was decoded at 62 words per minute, which is 3.4 times as fast as the previous record8 and begins to approach the speed of natural conversation (160 words per minute9). Finally, we highlight two aspects of the neural code for speech that are encouraging for speech BCIs: spatially intermixed tuning to speech articulators that makes accurate decoding possible from only a small region of cortex, and a detailed articulatory representation of phonemes that persists years after paralysis. These results show a feasible path forward for restoring rapid communication to people with paralysis who can no longer speak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis R Willett
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Erin M Kunz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chaofei Fan
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donald T Avansino
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guy H Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Foram Kamdar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Rehabilitation R&D Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaul Druckmann
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jaimie M Henderson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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14
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Pitkäniemi A, Särkämö T, Siponkoski ST, Brownsett SLE, Copland DA, Sairanen V, Sihvonen AJ. Hodological organization of spoken language production and singing in the human brain. Commun Biol 2023; 6:779. [PMID: 37495670 PMCID: PMC10371982 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories expounding the neural relationship between speech and singing range from sharing neural circuitry, to relying on opposite hemispheres. Yet, hodological studies exploring their shared and distinct neural networks remain scarce. In this study, we combine a white matter connectometry approach together with comprehensive and naturalistic appraisal of verbal expression during spoken language production and singing in a sample of individuals with post-stroke aphasia. Our results reveal that both spoken language production and singing are mainly supported by the left hemisphere language network and projection pathways. However, while spoken language production mostly engaged dorsal and ventral streams of speech processing, singing was associated primarily with the left ventral stream. These findings provide evidence that speech and singing share core neuronal circuitry within the left hemisphere, while distinct ventral stream contributions explain frequently observed dissociations in aphasia. Moreover, the results suggest prerequisite biomarkers for successful singing-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Pitkäniemi
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini-Tuuli Siponkoski
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonia L E Brownsett
- Queensland Aphasia Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David A Copland
- Queensland Aphasia Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Viljami Sairanen
- BABA Center, Pediatric Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi J Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Queensland Aphasia Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Zhao Z, Lu J, Wu J. Fiber Tractography-Based Cortical Language Mapping for Speech Output. World Neurosurg 2023; 175:151-152. [PMID: 37105893 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Brain Function Laboratory, Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Lawrence A, Carvajal M, Ormsby J. Beyond Broca's and Wernicke's: Functional Mapping of Ancillary Language Centers Prior to Brain Tumor Surgery. Tomography 2023; 9:1254-1275. [PMID: 37489468 PMCID: PMC10366753 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI is a well-established tool used for pre-surgical planning to help the neurosurgeon have a roadmap of critical functional areas that should be avoided, if possible, during surgery to minimize morbidity for patients with brain tumors (though this also has applications for surgical resection of epileptogenic tissue and vascular lesions). This article reviews the locations of secondary language centers within the brain along with imaging findings to help improve our confidence in our knowledge on language lateralization. Brief overviews of these language centers and their contributions to the language networks will be discussed. These language centers include primary language centers of "Broca's Area" and "Wernicke's Area". However, there are multiple secondary language centers such as the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), frontal eye fields, pre- supplemental motor area (pre-SMA), Basal Temporal Language Area (BTLA), along with other areas of activation. Knowing these foci helps to increase self-assurance when discussing the nature of laterality with the neurosurgeon. By knowing secondary language centers for language lateralization, via fMRI, one can feel confident on providing neurosurgeon colleagues with appropriate information on the laterality of language in preparation for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Lawrence
- Center for Neuropsychological Services, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5530 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5001, USA
| | - Michael Carvajal
- Center for Neuropsychological Services, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5530 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5001, USA
| | - Jacob Ormsby
- Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5530 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5001, USA
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17
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Akkad H, Hope TMH, Howland C, Ondobaka S, Pappa K, Nardo D, Duncan J, Leff AP, Crinion J. Mapping spoken language and cognitive deficits in post-stroke aphasia. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103452. [PMID: 37321143 PMCID: PMC10275719 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aphasia is an acquired disorder caused by damage, most commonly due to stroke, to brain regions involved in speech and language. While language impairment is the defining symptom of aphasia, the co-occurrence of non-language cognitive deficits and their importance in predicting rehabilitation and recovery outcomes is well documented. However, people with aphasia (PWA) are rarely tested on higher-order cognitive functions, making it difficult for studies to associate these functions with a consistent lesion correlate. Broca's area is a particular brain region of interest that has long been implicated in speech and language production. Contrary to classic models of speech and language, cumulative evidence shows that Broca's area and surrounding regions in the left inferior frontal cortex (LIFC) are involved in, but not specific to, speech production. In this study we aimed to explore the brain-behaviour relationships between tests of cognitive skill and language abilities in thirty-six adults with long-term speech production deficits caused by post-stroke aphasia. Our findings suggest that non-linguistic cognitive functions, namely executive functions and verbal working memory, explain more of the behavioural variance in PWA than classical language models imply. Additionally, lesions to the LIFC, including Broca's area, were associated with non-linguistic executive (dys)function, suggesting that lesions to this area are associated with non-language-specific higher-order cognitive deficits in aphasia. Whether executive (dys)function - and its neural correlate in Broca's area - contributes directly to PWA's language production deficits or simply co-occurs with it, adding to communication difficulties, remains unclear. These findings support contemporary models of speech production that place language processing within the context of domain-general perception, action and conceptual knowledge. An understanding of the covariance between language and non-language deficits and their underlying neural correlates will inform better targeted aphasia treatment and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Akkad
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK.
| | - Thomas M H Hope
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, UK
| | | | - Sasha Ondobaka
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK
| | | | - Davide Nardo
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Education, University of Roma Tre, Italy
| | - John Duncan
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander P Leff
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, UK; Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Jenny Crinion
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, UK
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18
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Seghier ML, Price CJ. Interpreting and validating complexity and causality in lesion-symptom prognoses. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad178. [PMID: 37346231 PMCID: PMC10279811 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper considers the steps needed to generate pragmatic and interpretable lesion-symptom mappings that can be used for clinically reliable prognoses. The novel contributions are 3-fold. We first define and inter-relate five neurobiological and five methodological constraints that need to be accounted for when interpreting lesion-symptom associations and generating synthetic lesion data. The first implication is that, because of these constraints, lesion-symptom mapping needs to focus on probabilistic relationships between Lesion and Symptom, with Lesion as a multivariate spatial pattern, Symptom as a time-dependent behavioural profile and evidence that Lesion raises the probability of Symptom. The second implication is that in order to assess the strength of probabilistic causality, we need to distinguish between causal lesion sites, incidental lesion sites, spared but dysfunctional sites and intact sites, all of which might affect the accuracy of the predictions and prognoses generated. We then formulate lesion-symptom mappings in logical notations, including combinatorial rules, that are then used to evaluate and better understand complex brain-behaviour relationships. The logical and theoretical framework presented applies to any type of neurological disorder but is primarily discussed in relationship to stroke damage. Accommodating the identified constraints, we discuss how the 1965 Bradford Hill criteria for inferring probabilistic causality, post hoc, from observed correlations in epidemiology-can be applied to lesion-symptom mapping in stroke survivors. Finally, we propose that rather than rely on post hoc evaluation of how well the causality criteria have been met, the neurobiological and methodological constraints should be addressed, a priori, by changing the experimental design of lesion-symptom mappings and setting up an open platform to share and validate the discovery of reliable and accurate lesion rules that are clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Correspondence to: Mohamed Seghier Department of Biomedical Engineering Khalifa University of Science and Technology PO BOX: 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE E-mail:
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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19
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Ntemou E, Rybka L, Lubbers J, Tuncer MS, Vajkoczy P, Rofes A, Picht T, Faust K. Lesion-symptom mapping of language impairments in people with brain tumours: The influence of linguistic stimuli. J Neuropsychol 2023; 17:400-416. [PMID: 36651346 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
People with tumours in specific brain sites might face difficulties in tasks with different linguistic material. Previous lesion-symptom mapping studies (VLSM) demonstrated that people with tumours in posterior temporal regions have more severe linguistic impairments. However, to the best of our knowledge, preoperative performance and lesion location on tasks with different linguistic stimuli have not been examined. In the present study, we performed VLSM on 52 people with left gliomas to examine whether tumour distribution differs depending on the tasks of the Aachen Aphasia Test. The VLSM analysis revealed that single-word production (e.g. object naming) was associated with the inferior parietal lobe and that compound and sentence production were additionally associated with posterior temporal gyri. Word repetition was affected in people with tumours in inferior parietal areas, whereas sentence repetition was the only task to be associated with frontal regions. Subcortically, word and sentence production were found to be affected in people with tumours reaching the arcuate fasciculus, and compound production was primarily associated with tumours affecting the inferior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Our work shows that tasks with linguistic stimuli other than single-word naming (e.g. compound and sentence production) relate to additional cortical and subcortical brain areas. At a clinical level, we show that tasks that target the same processes (e.g. repetition) can have different neural correlates depending on the linguistic stimuli used. Also, we highlight the importance of left temporoparietal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Ntemou
- International Doctorate for Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- International Doctorate for Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- International Doctorate for Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- International Doctorate for Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Rybka
- Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jocelyn Lubbers
- Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehmet Salih Tuncer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrià Rofes
- Centre for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Picht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: "Matters of Activity. Image Space Material", Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Faust
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kitazawa Y, Sonoda M, Sakakura K, Mitsuhashi T, Firestone E, Ueda R, Kambara T, Iwaki H, Luat AF, Marupudi NI, Sood S, Asano E. Intra- and inter-hemispheric network dynamics supporting object recognition and speech production. Neuroimage 2023; 270:119954. [PMID: 36828156 PMCID: PMC10112006 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We built normative brain atlases that animate millisecond-scale intra- and inter-hemispheric white matter-level connectivity dynamics supporting object recognition and speech production. We quantified electrocorticographic modulations during three naming tasks using event-related high-gamma activity from 1,114 nonepileptogenic intracranial electrodes (i.e., non-lesional areas unaffected by epileptiform discharges). Using this electrocorticography data, we visualized functional connectivity modulations defined as significant naming-related high-gamma modulations occurring simultaneously at two sites connected by direct white matter streamlines on diffusion-weighted imaging tractography. Immediately after stimulus onset, intra- and inter-hemispheric functional connectivity enhancements were confined mainly across modality-specific perceptual regions. During response preparation, left intra-hemispheric connectivity enhancements propagated in a posterior-to-anterior direction, involving the left precentral and prefrontal areas. After overt response onset, inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivity enhancements mainly encompassed precentral, postcentral, and superior-temporal (STG) gyri. We found task-specific connectivity enhancements during response preparation as follows. Picture naming enhanced activity along the left arcuate fasciculus between the inferior-temporal and precentral/posterior inferior-frontal (pIFG) gyri. Nonspeech environmental sound naming augmented functional connectivity via the left inferior longitudinal and fronto-occipital fasciculi between the medial-occipital and STG/pIFG. Auditory descriptive naming task enhanced usage of the left frontal U-fibers, involving the middle-frontal gyrus. Taken together, the commonly observed network enhancements include inter-hemispheric connectivity optimizing perceptual processing exerted in each hemisphere, left intra-hemispheric connectivity supporting semantic and lexical processing, and inter-hemispheric connectivity for symmetric oral movements during overt speech. Our atlases improve the currently available models of object recognition and speech production by adding neural dynamics via direct intra- and inter-hemispheric white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kitazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 2360004, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 2360004, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058575, Japan
| | - Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 1138421, Japan
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Riyo Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Toshimune Kambara
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Psychology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 7398524, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Hachinohe City Hospital, Hachinohe, 0318555, Japan
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, 48858, USA
| | - Neena I Marupudi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Sandeep Sood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, USA.
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21
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Shekari E, Nozari N. A narrative review of the anatomy and function of the white matter tracts in language production and comprehension. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1139292. [PMID: 37051488 PMCID: PMC10083342 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1139292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the role of cortical areas in language processing. The shift towards network approaches in recent years has highlighted the importance of uncovering the role of white matter in connecting these areas. However, despite a large body of research, many of these tracts’ functions are not well-understood. We present a comprehensive review of the empirical evidence on the role of eight major tracts that are hypothesized to be involved in language processing (inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, extreme capsule, middle longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, and frontal aslant tract). For each tract, we hypothesize its role based on the function of the cortical regions it connects. We then evaluate these hypotheses with data from three sources: studies in neurotypical individuals, neuropsychological data, and intraoperative stimulation studies. Finally, we summarize the conclusions supported by the data and highlight the areas needing further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Shekari
- Department of Neuroscience, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazbanou Nozari
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nazbanou Nozari
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22
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Seghier ML. The elusive metric of lesion load. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:703-716. [PMID: 36947181 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the widely used metrics in lesion-symptom mapping is lesion load that codes the amount of damage to a given brain region of interest. Lesion load aims to reduce the complex 3D lesion information into a feature that can reflect both site of damage, defined by the location of the region of interest, and size of damage within that region of interest. Basically, the process of estimation of lesion load converts a voxel-based lesion map into a region-based lesion map, with regions defined as atlas-based or data-driven spatial patterns. Here, after examining current definitions of lesion load, four methodological issues are discussed: (1) lesion load is agnostic to the location of damage within the region of interest, and it disregards damage outside the region of interest, (2) lesion load estimates are prone to errors introduced by the uncertainty in lesion delineation, spatial warping of the lesion/region, and binarization of the lesion/region, (3) lesion load calculation depends on brain parcellation selection, and (4) lesion load does not necessarily reflect a white matter disconnection. Overall, lesion load, when calculated in a robust way, can serve as a clinically-useful feature for explaining and predicting post-stroke outcome and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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23
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Andrews JP, Cahn N, Speidel BA, Chung JE, Levy DF, Wilson SM, Berger MS, Chang EF. Dissociation of Broca's area from Broca's aphasia in patients undergoing neurosurgical resections. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:847-857. [PMID: 35932264 PMCID: PMC9899289 DOI: 10.3171/2022.6.jns2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Broca's aphasia is a syndrome of impaired fluency with retained comprehension. The authors used an unbiased algorithm to examine which neuroanatomical areas are most likely to result in Broca's aphasia following surgical lesions. METHODS Patients were prospectively evaluated with standardized language batteries before and after surgery. Broca's area was defined anatomically as the pars opercularis and triangularis of the inferior frontal gyrus. Broca's aphasia was defined by the Western Aphasia Battery language assessment. Resections were outlined from MRI scans to construct 3D volumes of interest. These were aligned using a nonlinear transformation to Montreal Neurological Institute brain space. A voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) algorithm was used to test for areas statistically associated with Broca's aphasia when incorporated into a resection, as well as areas associated with deficits in fluency independent of Western Aphasia Battery classification. Postoperative MRI scans were reviewed in blinded fashion to estimate the percentage resection of Broca's area compared to areas identified using the VLSM algorithm. RESULTS A total of 289 patients had early language evaluations, of whom 19 had postoperative Broca's aphasia. VLSM analysis revealed an area that was highly correlated (p < 0.001) with Broca's aphasia, spanning ventral sensorimotor cortex and supramarginal gyri, as well as extending into subcortical white matter tracts. Reduced fluency scores were significantly associated with an overlapping region of interest. The fluency score was negatively correlated with fraction of resected precentral, postcentral, and supramarginal components of the VLSM area. CONCLUSIONS Broca's aphasia does not typically arise from neurosurgical resections in Broca's area. When Broca's aphasia does occur after surgery, it is typically in the early postoperative period, improves by 1 month, and is associated with resections of ventral sensorimotor cortex and supramarginal gyri.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Andrews
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Nathan Cahn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Benjamin A. Speidel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Jason E. Chung
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Deborah F. Levy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Stephen M. Wilson
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mitchel S. Berger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Edward F. Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; and
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24
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Zuo J, Wang S, Meng W. Analogies of human speech and bird song: From vocal learning behavior to its neural basis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1100969. [PMID: 36910811 PMCID: PMC9992734 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vocal learning is a complex acquired social behavior that has been found only in very few animals. The process of animal vocal learning requires the participation of sensorimotor function. By accepting external auditory input and cooperating with repeated vocal imitation practice, a stable pattern of vocal information output is eventually formed. In parallel evolutionary branches, humans and songbirds share striking similarities in vocal learning behavior. For example, their vocal learning processes involve auditory feedback, complex syntactic structures, and sensitive periods. At the same time, they have evolved the hierarchical structure of special forebrain regions related to vocal motor control and vocal learning, which are organized and closely associated to the auditory cortex. By comparing the location, function, genome, and transcriptome of vocal learning-related brain regions, it was confirmed that songbird singing and human language-related neural control pathways have certain analogy. These common characteristics make songbirds an ideal animal model for studying the neural mechanisms of vocal learning behavior. The neural process of human language learning may be explained through similar neural mechanisms, and it can provide important insights for the treatment of language disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lifang Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiachun Zuo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Songhua Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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25
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Low TA, Lindland K, Kirton A, Carlson HL, Harris AD, Goodyear BG, Monchi O, Hill MD, Dukelow SP. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with multi-modality aphasia therapy for chronic post-stroke non-fluent aphasia: A pilot randomized sham-controlled trial. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 236:105216. [PMID: 36525719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) shows promise in improving speech production in post-stroke aphasia. Limited evidence suggests pairing rTMS with speech therapy may result in greater improvements. Twenty stroke survivors (>6 months post-stroke) were randomized to receive either sham rTMS plus multi-modality aphasia therapy (M-MAT) or rTMS plus M-MAT. For the first time, we demonstrate that rTMS combined with M-MAT is feasible, with zero adverse events and minimal attrition. Both groups improved significantly over time on all speech and language outcomes. However, improvements did not differ between rTMS or sham. We found that rTMS and sham groups differed in lesion location, which may explain speech and language outcomes as well as unique patterns of BOLD signal change within each group. We offer practical considerations for future studies and conclude that while combination therapy of rTMS plus M-MAT in chronic post-stroke aphasia is safe and feasible, personalized intervention may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Low
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin Lindland
- Department of Allied Health, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Helen L Carlson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley G Goodyear
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael D Hill
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sean P Dukelow
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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26
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Zhuo B, Deng S, Li B, Zhu W, Zhang M, Qin C, Meng Z. Possible Effects of Acupuncture in Poststroke Aphasia. Behav Neurol 2023; 2023:9445381. [PMID: 37091130 PMCID: PMC10115536 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9445381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural plasticity promotes the reorganization of language networks and is an essential recovery mechanism for poststroke aphasia (PSA). Neuroplasticity may be a pivotal bridge to elucidate the potential recovery mechanisms of acupuncture for aphasia. Therefore, understanding the neuroplasticity mechanism of acupuncture in PSA is crucial. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of neuroplasticity in PSA after acupuncture needs to be explored. Excitotoxicity after brain injury affects the activity of neurotransmitters and disrupts the transmission of normal neuron information. Thus, a helpful strategy of acupuncture might be to improve PSA by affecting the availability of these neurotransmitters and glutamate receptors at synapses. In addition, the regulation of neuroplasticity by acupuncture may also be related to the regulation of astrocytes. Considering the guiding significance of acupuncture for clinical treatment, it is necessary to carry out further study about the influence of acupuncture on the recovery of aphasia after stroke. This study summarizes the current research on the neural mechanism of acupuncture in treating PSA. It seeks to elucidate the potential effect of acupuncture on the recovery of PSA from the perspective of synaptic plasticity and integrity of gray and white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifang Zhuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhe Deng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Boxuan Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Menglong Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyang Qin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihong Meng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Zevgolatakou E, Thye M, Mirman D. Behavioural and neural structure of fluent speech production deficits in aphasia. Brain Commun 2022; 5:fcac327. [PMID: 36601623 PMCID: PMC9798301 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in fluent speech production following left hemisphere stroke are a central concern because of their impact on patients' lives and the insight they provide about the neural organization of language processing. Fluent speech production requires the rapid coordination of phonological, semantic, and syntactic processing, so this study examined how deficits in connected speech relate to these language sub-systems. Behavioural data (N = 69 participants with aphasia following left hemisphere stroke) consisted of a diverse and comprehensive set of narrative speech production measures and measures of overall severity, semantic deficits, and phonological deficits. These measures were entered into a principal component analysis with bifactor rotation-a latent structure model where each item loads on a general factor that reflects what is common among the items, and orthogonal factors that explain variance not accounted for by the general factor. Lesion data were available for 58 of the participants, and each factor score was analysed with multivariate lesion-symptom mapping. Effects of connectivity disruption were evaluated using robust regression with tract disconnection or graph theoretic measures of connectivity as predictors. The principal component analysis produced a four-factor solution that accounted for 70.6% of the variance in the data, with a general factor corresponding to the overall severity and length and complexity of speech output (complexity factor), a lexical syntax factor, and independent factors for Semantics and Phonology. Deficits in the complexity of speech output were associated with a large temporo-parietal region, similar to overall aphasia severity. The lexical syntax factor was associated with damage in a relatively small set of fronto-parietal regions which may reflect the recruitment of control systems to support retrieval and correct usage of lexical items that primarily serve a syntactic rather than semantic function. Tract-based measures of connectivity disruption were not statistically associated with the deficit scores after controlling for overall lesion volume. Language network efficiency and average clustering coefficient within the language network were significantly associated with deficit scores after controlling for overall lesion volume. These results highlight overall severity as the critical contributor to fluent speech in post-stroke aphasia, with a dissociable factor corresponding to lexical syntax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Zevgolatakou
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Melissa Thye
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Daniel Mirman
- Correspondence to: Daniel Mirman Department of Psychology, 7 George Square Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK E-mail:
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28
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Hullett PW, Kandahari N, Shih TT, Kleen JK, Knowlton RC, Rao VR, Chang EF. Intact speech perception after resection of dominant hemisphere primary auditory cortex for the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy: illustrative case. JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. CASE LESSONS 2022; 4:CASE22417. [PMID: 36443954 PMCID: PMC9705521 DOI: 10.3171/case22417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In classic speech network models, the primary auditory cortex is the source of auditory input to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG). Because resection of the primary auditory cortex in the dominant hemisphere removes inputs to the pSTG, there is a risk of speech impairment. However, recent research has shown the existence of other, nonprimary auditory cortex inputs to the pSTG, potentially reducing the risk of primary auditory cortex resection in the dominant hemisphere. OBSERVATIONS Here, the authors present a clinical case of a woman with severe medically refractory epilepsy with a lesional epileptic focus in the left (dominant) Heschl's gyrus. Analysis of neural responses to speech stimuli was consistent with primary auditory cortex localization to Heschl's gyrus. Although the primary auditory cortex was within the proposed resection margins, she underwent lesionectomy with total resection of Heschl's gyrus. Postoperatively, she had no speech deficits and her seizures were fully controlled. LESSONS While resection of the dominant hemisphere Heschl's gyrus/primary auditory cortex warrants caution, this case illustrates the ability to resect the primary auditory cortex without speech impairment and supports recent models of multiple parallel inputs to the pSTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W. Hullett
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nazineen Kandahari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and ,Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tina T. Shih
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jonathan K. Kleen
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert C. Knowlton
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Vikram R. Rao
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Edward F. Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
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Silva AB, Liu JR, Zhao L, Levy DF, Scott TL, Chang EF. A Neurosurgical Functional Dissection of the Middle Precentral Gyrus during Speech Production. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8416-8426. [PMID: 36351829 PMCID: PMC9665919 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1614-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical models have traditionally focused on the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) as a key region for motor planning of speech production. However, converging evidence suggests that it is not critical for either speech motor planning or execution. Alternative cortical areas supporting high-level speech motor planning have yet to be defined. In this review, we focus on the precentral gyrus, whose role in speech production is often thought to be limited to lower-level articulatory muscle control. In particular, we highlight neurosurgical investigations that have shed light on a cortical region anatomically located near the midpoint of the precentral gyrus, hence called the middle precentral gyrus (midPrCG). The midPrCG is functionally located between dorsal hand and ventral orofacial cortical representations and exhibits unique sensorimotor and multisensory functions relevant for speech processing. This includes motor control of the larynx, auditory processing, as well as a role in reading and writing. Furthermore, direct electrical stimulation of midPrCG can evoke complex movements, such as vocalization, and selective injury can cause deficits in verbal fluency, such as pure apraxia of speech. Based on these findings, we propose that midPrCG is essential to phonological-motoric aspects of speech production, especially syllabic-level speech sequencing, a role traditionally ascribed to Broca's area. The midPrCG is a cortical brain area that should be included in contemporary models of speech production with a unique role in speech motor planning and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Silva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Jessie R Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Deborah F Levy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Terri L Scott
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, & University of California, San Francisco, California, 94158
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30
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Ding J, Schnur TT. Anterior connectivity critical for recovery of connected speech after stroke. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac266. [PMID: 36382224 PMCID: PMC9651028 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Connected speech recovers to different degrees across people after left hemisphere stroke, but white matter predictors of differential recovery from the acute stage of stroke are unknown. We assessed changes in lexical-syntactic aspects of connected speech in a longitudinal analysis of 40 individuals (18 females) from the acute stage of left hemisphere stroke (within an average of 4 days post-stroke) to subacute (within 2 months) and chronic stages (early: 6 months, late: 1 year) while measuring the extent of acute lesions on white matter tracts to identify tracts predictive of recovery. We found that acute damage to the frontal aslant tract led to a decreased recovery of the fluency and structural complexity of connected speech during the year following left hemisphere stroke. The results were independent of baseline performance, overall lesion volume and the proportion of damage to tract-adjacent grey matter. This longitudinal analysis from acute to chronic stroke provides the first evidence that recovery of fluent and structurally complex spontaneous connected speech requires intact left frontal connectivity via the frontal aslant tract. That the frontal aslant tract was critical for recovery at early as well as later stages of stroke demonstrates that anterior connectivity plays a lasting and important role for the reorganization of function related to the successful production of connected speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Ding
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tatiana T Schnur
- Correspondence to: Tatiana T. Schnur Department of Neurosurgery Baylor College of Medicine 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA E-mail:
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31
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Yu Q, Qian W. Poor Spontaneous Recovery of Aphemia Accompanied by Damage to the Anterior Segment of the Left Arcuate Fasciculus: A Case Report. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091253. [PMID: 36138990 PMCID: PMC9496680 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphemia is a rare and special type of speech disorder, and the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and recovery remain unclear. Here, we present a clinical case of poor spontaneous recovery of aphemia, with the anterior segment of the left arcuate fasciculus server damaged and the posterior segment intact, as detected by diffusion tensor imaging. Aphemia could be caused by the disruption of the cortical and subcortical language circuits. In particular, our data support the view that damage to the anterior segment of the left arcuate fasciculus may result in poor spontaneous recovery from speech production deficits and that an intact posterior segment seems to be crucial for supporting residual language comprehension ability in patients with post-stroke aphasia. Collectively, these data imply the importance of the left arcuate fasciculus during recovery from the language disorder in the subacute stage of stroke.
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32
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Yeh FC. Population-based tract-to-region connectome of the human brain and its hierarchical topology. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4933. [PMID: 35995773 PMCID: PMC9395399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectome maps region-to-region connectivities but does not inform which white matter pathways form the connections. Here we constructed a population-based tract-to-region connectome to fill this information gap. The constructed connectome quantifies the population probability of a white matter tract innervating a cortical region. The results show that ~85% of the tract-to-region connectome entries are consistent across individuals, whereas the remaining (~15%) have substantial individual differences requiring individualized mapping. Further hierarchical clustering on cortical regions revealed dorsal, ventral, and limbic networks based on the tract-to-region connective patterns. The clustering results on white matter bundles revealed the categorization of fiber bundle systems in the association pathways. This tract-to-region connectome provides insights into the connective topology between cortical regions and white matter bundles. The derived hierarchical relation further offers a categorization of gray and white matter structures. The brain connectome maps region-to-region connections but often ignores the role of the connecting pathways. Here, the authors mapped the tract-to-region relations to reveal the hierarchical relation of fiber bundles and dorsal, ventral, and limbic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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33
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Vachha BA, Middlebrooks EH. Brain Functional Imaging Anatomy. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2022; 32:491-505. [PMID: 35843658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Human brain function is an increasingly complex framework that has important implications in clinical medicine. In this review, the anatomy of the most commonly assessed brain functions in clinical neuroradiology, including motor, language, and vision, is discussed. The anatomy and function of the primary and secondary sensorimotor areas are discussed with clinical case examples. Next, the dual stream of language processing is reviewed, as well as its implications in clinical medicine and surgical planning. Last, the authors discuss the striate and extrastriate visual cortex and review the dual stream model of visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behroze Adi Vachha
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Integrity of the Left Arcuate Fasciculus Segments Significantly Affects Language Performance in Individuals with Acute/Subacute Post-Stroke Aphasia: A Cross-Sectional Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070907. [PMID: 35884714 PMCID: PMC9313217 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlation between the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) segments and acute/subacute post-stroke aphasia (PSA). Methods: Twenty-six patients underwent language assessment and MRI scanning. The integrity of the AF based on a three-segment model was evaluated using diffusion tensor imaging. All patients were classified into three groups according to the reconstruction of the left AF: completely reconstructed (group A, 8 cases), non-reconstructed (group B, 6 cases), and partially reconstructed (group C, 12 cases). The correlations and intergroup differences in language performance and diffusion indices were comprehensively estimated. Results: A correlation analyses showed that the lesion load of the language areas and diffusion indices on the left AF posterior and long segments was significantly related to some language subsets, respectively. When controlled lesion load was variable, significant correlations between diffusion indices on the posterior and long segments and comprehension, repetition, naming, and aphasia quotient were retained. Multiple comparison tests revealed intergroup differences in diffusion indices on the left AF posterior and long segments, as well as these language subsets. No significant correlation was found between the anterior segment and language performance. Conclusions: The integrity of the left AF segments, particularly the posterior segment, is crucial for the residual comprehension and repetition abilities in individuals with acute/subacute PSA, and lesion load in cortical language areas is an important factor that should be taken into account when illustrating the contributions of damage to special fiber tracts to language impairments.
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35
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Rolls ET, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. The human language effective connectome. Neuroimage 2022; 258:119352. [PMID: 35659999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To advance understanding of brain networks involved in language, the effective connectivity between 26 cortical regions implicated in language by a community analysis and 360 cortical regions was measured in 171 humans from the Human Connectome Project, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography, all using the HCP multimodal parcellation atlas. A (semantic) network (Group 1) involving inferior cortical regions of the superior temporal sulcus cortex (STS) with the adjacent inferior temporal visual cortex TE1a and temporal pole TG, and the connected parietal PGi region, has effective connectivity with inferior temporal visual cortex (TE) regions; with parietal PFm which also has visual connectivity; with posterior cingulate cortex memory-related regions; with the frontal pole, orbitofrontal cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex; with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; and with 44 and 45 for output regions. It is proposed that this system can build in its temporal lobe (STS and TG) and parietal parts (PGi and PGs) semantic representations of objects incorporating especially their visual and reward properties. Another (semantic) network (Group 3) involving superior regions of the superior temporal sulcus cortex and more superior temporal lobe regions including STGa, auditory A5, TPOJ1, the STV and the Peri-Sylvian Language area (PSL) has effective connectivity with auditory areas (A1, A4, A5, Pbelt); with relatively early visual areas involved in motion, e.g., MT and MST, and faces/words (FFC); with somatosensory regions (frontal opercular FOP, insula and parietal PF); with other TPOJ regions; and with the inferior frontal gyrus regions (IFJa and IFSp). It is proposed that this system builds semantic representations specialising in auditory and related facial motion information useful in theory of mind and somatosensory / body image information, with outputs directed not only to regions 44 and 45, but also to premotor 55b and midcingulate premotor cortex. Both semantic networks (Groups 1 and 3) have access to the hippocampal episodic memory system via parahippocampal TF. A third largely frontal network (Group 2) (44, 45, 47l; 55b; the Superior Frontal Language region SFL; and including temporal pole TGv) receives effective connectivity from the two semantic systems, and is implicated in syntax and speech output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China.
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain; Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200602, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
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36
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Bowren M, Bruss J, Manzel K, Edwards D, Liu C, Corbetta M, Tranel D, Boes AD. Post-stroke outcomes predicted from multivariate lesion-behaviour and lesion network mapping. Brain 2022; 145:1338-1353. [PMID: 35025994 PMCID: PMC9630711 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians and scientists alike have long sought to predict the course and severity of chronic post-stroke cognitive and motor outcomes, as the ability to do so would inform treatment and rehabilitation strategies. However, it remains difficult to make accurate predictions about chronic post-stroke outcomes due, in large part, to high inter-individual variability in recovery and a reliance on clinical heuristics rather than empirical methods. The neuroanatomical location of a stroke is a key variable associated with long-term outcomes, and because lesion location can be derived from routinely collected clinical neuroimaging data there is an opportunity to use this information to make empirically based predictions about post-stroke deficits. For example, lesion location can be compared to statistically weighted multivariate lesion-behaviour maps of neuroanatomical regions that, when damaged, are associated with specific deficits based on aggregated outcome data from large cohorts. Here, our goal was to evaluate whether we can leverage lesion-behaviour maps based on data from two large cohorts of individuals with focal brain lesions to make predictions of 12-month cognitive and motor outcomes in an independent sample of stroke patients. Further, we evaluated whether we could augment these predictions by estimating the structural and functional networks disrupted in association with each lesion-behaviour map through the use of structural and functional lesion network mapping, which use normative structural and functional connectivity data from neurologically healthy individuals to elucidate lesion-associated networks. We derived these brain network maps using the anatomical regions with the strongest association with impairment for each cognitive and motor outcome based on lesion-behaviour map results. These peak regional findings became the 'seeds' to generate networks, an approach that offers potentially greater precision compared to previously used single-lesion approaches. Next, in an independent sample, we quantified the overlap of each lesion location with the lesion-behaviour maps and structural and functional lesion network mapping and evaluated how much variance each could explain in 12-month behavioural outcomes using a latent growth curve statistical model. We found that each lesion-deficit mapping modality was able to predict a statistically significant amount of variance in cognitive and motor outcomes. Both structural and functional lesion network maps were able to predict variance in 12-month outcomes beyond lesion-behaviour mapping. Functional lesion network mapping performed best for the prediction of language deficits, and structural lesion network mapping performed best for the prediction of motor deficits. Altogether, these results support the notion that lesion location and lesion network mapping can be combined to improve the prediction of post-stroke deficits at 12-months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bowren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Joel Bruss
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kenneth Manzel
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dylan Edwards
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Charles Liu
- Neurorestoration Center and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, USA
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, PD 32122, Italy
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aaron D Boes
- Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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37
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Zhong AJ, Baldo JV, Dronkers NF, Ivanova MV. The unique role of the frontal aslant tract in speech and language processing. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 34:103020. [PMID: 35526498 PMCID: PMC9095886 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a recently described intralobar tract that connects the superior and inferior frontal gyri. The FAT has been implicated in various speech and language processes and disorders, including motor speech impairments, stuttering disorders, opercular syndrome, and verbal fluency, but the specific function(s) of the FAT have yet to be elucidated. In the current study, we aimed to address this knowledge gap by investigating the underlying role that the FAT plays in motor aspects of speech and language abilities in post-stroke aphasia. Our goals were three-fold: 1) To identify which specific motor speech or language abilities are impacted by FAT damage by utilizing a powerful imaging analysis method, High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) tractography; 2) To determine whether damage to the FAT is associated with functional deficits on a range of motor speech and language tasks even when accounting for cortical damage to adjacent cortical regions; and 3) To explore whether subsections of the FAT (lateral and medial segments) play distinct roles in motor speech performance. We hypothesized that damage to the FAT would be most strongly associated with motor speech performance in comparison to language tasks. We analyzed HARDI data from thirty-three people with aphasia (PWA) with a history of chronic left hemisphere stroke. FAT metrics were related to scores on several speech and language tests: the Motor Speech Evaluation (MSE), the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) aphasia quotient and subtests, and the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Our results indicated that the integrity of the FAT was strongly associated with the MSE as predicted, and weakly negatively associated with WAB subtest scores including Naming, Comprehension, and Repetition, likely reflecting the fact that performance on these WAB subtests is associated with damage to posterior areas of the brain that are unlikely to be damaged with a frontal lesion. We also performed hierarchical stepwise regressions to predict language function based on FAT properties and lesion load to surrounding cortical areas. After accounting for the contributions of the inferior frontal gyrus, the ventral precentral gyrus, and the superior precentral gyrus of the insula, the FAT still remained a significant predictor of MSE apraxia scores. Our results further showed that the medial and lateral subsections of the FAT did not appear to play distinct roles but rather may indicate normal anatomical variations of the FAT. Overall, current results indicate that the FAT plays a specific and unique role in motor speech. These results further our understanding of the role that white matter tracts play in speech and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Zhong
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; Center for Language, Imaging, Mind & Brain, VA Northern California Healthcare System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Juliana V Baldo
- Center for Language, Imaging, Mind & Brain, VA Northern California Healthcare System, Martinez, CA, USA
| | - Nina F Dronkers
- Aphasia Recovery Lab, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria V Ivanova
- Center for Language, Imaging, Mind & Brain, VA Northern California Healthcare System, Martinez, CA, USA; Aphasia Recovery Lab, Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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38
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Revealing the Neuroimaging Mechanism of Acupuncture for Poststroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:5635596. [PMID: 35494482 PMCID: PMC9050322 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5635596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aphasia is a common symptom in stroke patients, presenting with the impairment of spontaneous speech, repetition, naming, auditory comprehension, reading, and writing function. Multiple rehabilitation methods have been suggested for the recovery of poststroke aphasia, including medication treatment, behavioral therapy, and stimulation approach. Acupuncture has been proven to have a beneficial effect on improving speech functions in repetition, oral speech, reading, comprehension, and writing ability. Neuroimaging technology provides a visualized way to explore cerebral neural activity, which helps reveal the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy. In this systematic review, we aim to reveal and summarize the neuroimaging mechanism of acupuncture therapy on poststroke aphasia to provide the foundation for further study. Methods Seven electronic databases were searched including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Wanfang databases, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database. After screening the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we summarized the neuroimaging mechanism of acupuncture on poststroke aphasia, as well as the utilization of acupuncture therapy and the methodological characteristics. Result After searching, 885 articles were retrieved. After removing the literature studies, animal studies, and case reports, 16 studies were included in the final analysis. For the acupuncture type, 10 studies used manual acupuncture and 5 studies used electroacupuncture, while body acupuncture (10 studies), scalp acupuncture (7 studies), and tongue acupuncture (8 studies) were applied for poststroke aphasia patients. Based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technologies, 4 neuroimaging analysis methods were used including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), seed-based analysis, and independent component analysis (ICA). Two studies reported the instant acupuncture effect, and 14 studies reported the constant acupuncture's effect on poststroke aphasia patients. 5 studies analyzed the correlation between the neuroimaging outcomes and the clinical language scales. Conclusion In this systematic review, we found that the mechanism of acupuncture's effect might be associated with the activation and functional connectivity of language-related brain areas, such as brain areas around Broca's area and Wernicke's area in the left inferior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. However, these studies were still in the preliminary stage. Multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCT) with large sample sizes were needed to verify current evidence, as well as to explore deeply the neuroimaging mechanisms of acupuncture's effects.
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39
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Giampiccolo D, Duffau H. Controversy over the temporal cortical terminations of the left arcuate fasciculus: a reappraisal. Brain 2022; 145:1242-1256. [PMID: 35142842 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The arcuate fasciculus has been considered a major dorsal fronto-temporal white matter pathway linking frontal language production regions with auditory perception in the superior temporal gyrus, the so-called Wernicke's area. In line with this tradition, both historical and contemporary models of language function have assigned primacy to superior temporal projections of the arcuate fasciculus. However, classical anatomical descriptions and emerging behavioural data are at odds with this assumption. On one hand, fronto-temporal projections to Wernicke's area may not be unique to the arcuate fasciculus. On the other hand, dorsal stream language deficits have been reported also for damage to middle, inferior and basal temporal gyri which may be linked to arcuate disconnection. These findings point to a reappraisal of arcuate projections in the temporal lobe. Here, we review anatomical and functional evidence regarding the temporal cortical terminations of the left arcuate fasciculus by incorporating dissection and tractography findings with stimulation data using cortico-cortical evoked potentials and direct electrical stimulation mapping in awake patients. Firstly, we discuss the fibers of the arcuate fasciculus projecting to the superior temporal gyrus and the functional rostro-caudal gradient in this region where both phonological encoding and auditory-motor transformation may be performed. Caudal regions within the temporoparietal junction may be involved in articulation and associated with temporoparietal projections of the third branch of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, while more rostral regions may support encoding of acoustic phonetic features, supported by arcuate fibres. We then move to examine clinical data showing that multimodal phonological encoding is facilitated by projections of the arcuate fasciculus to superior, but also middle, inferior and basal temporal regions. Hence, we discuss how projections of the arcuate fasciculus may contribute to acoustic (middle-posterior superior and middle temporal gyri), visual (posterior inferior temporal/fusiform gyri comprising the visual word form area) and lexical (anterior-middle inferior temporal/fusiform gyri in the basal temporal language area) information in the temporal lobe to be processed, encoded and translated into a dorsal phonological route to the frontal lobe. Finally, we point out surgical implications for this model in terms of the prediction and avoidance of neurological deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giampiccolo
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Institute of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic London, Grosvenor Place, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Hugues Duffau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France.,Team "Neuroplasticity, Stem Cells and Low-grade Gliomas," INSERM U1191, Institute of Genomics of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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40
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Landers MJ, Baene WD, Rutten GJ, Mandonnet E. The third branch of the superior longitudinal system. J Neurosurg Sci 2022; 65:548-559. [PMID: 35128918 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.21.05423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the major associative fiber pathways in the brain is the superior longitudinal system. This review discusses the current knowledge gained from studies on the third branch of the superior longitudinal system (SLS) regarding its anatomy, functional role in healthy individuals, results from lesion-symptom mapping studies and intraoperative electrostimulation studies. The results of these studies clearly indicate that the third branch of the SLS is a distinct pathway, as seen both from a functional and anatomical perspective. The third branch of the SLS should be distinguished from the long segment of the arcuate fasciculus, that courses along its trajectory but seems implicated in different functions. Moreover, these studies also provide substantial evidence that the right and left third branch of the SLS have different functional roles. Finally, a hypothesis for an integrated anatomo-functional model is proposed, that describes three subcomponents of the third branch of the superior longitudinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud J Landers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter de Baene
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J Rutten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Mandonnet
- University of Paris, Paris, France - .,Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Paris, France.,Service of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
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41
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Can music restore brain connectivity in post-stroke cognitive deficits? Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Language Recovery after Brain Injury: A Structural Network Control Theory Study. J Neurosci 2022; 42:657-669. [PMID: 34872927 PMCID: PMC8805614 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1096-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphasia recovery after stroke depends on the condition of the remaining, extralesional brain network. Network control theory (NCT) provides a unique, quantitative approach to assess the interaction between brain networks. In this longitudinal, large-scale, whole-brain connectome study, we evaluated whether controllability measures of language-related regions are associated with treated aphasia recovery. Using probabilistic tractography and controlling for the effects of structural lesions, we reconstructed whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) connectomes from 68 individuals (20 female, 48 male) with chronic poststroke aphasia who completed a three-week language therapy. Applying principles of NCT, we computed regional (1) average and (2) modal controllability, which decode the ability of a region to (1) spread control input through the brain network and (2) to facilitate brain state transitions. We tested the relationship between pretreatment controllability measures of 20 language-related left hemisphere regions and improvements in naming six months after language therapy using multiple linear regressions and a parsimonious elastic net regression model with cross-validation. Regional controllability of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars opercularis, pars orbitalis, and the anterior insula were associated with treatment outcomes independently of baseline aphasia severity, lesion volume, age, education, and network size. Modal controllability of the IFG pars opercularis was the strongest predictor of treated aphasia recovery with cross-validation and outperformed traditional graph theory, lesion load, and demographic measures. Regional NCT measures can reflect the status of the residual language network and its interaction with the remaining brain network, being able to predict language recovery after aphasia treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Predicting and understanding language recovery after brain injury remains a challenging, albeit a fundamental aspect of human neurology and neuroscience. In this study, we applied network control theory (NCT) to fully harness the concept of brain networks as dynamic systems and to evaluate their interaction. We studied 68 stroke survivors with aphasia who underwent imaging and longitudinal behavioral assessments coupled with language therapy. We found that the controllability of the inferior frontal regional network significantly predicted recovery in language production six months after treatment. Importantly, controllability outperformed traditional demographic, lesion, and graph-theoretical measures. Our findings shed light on the neurobiological basis of human language and can be translated into personalized rehabilitation approaches.
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43
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What is Functional Communication? A Theoretical Framework for Real-World Communication Applied to Aphasia Rehabilitation. Neuropsychol Rev 2022; 32:937-973. [PMID: 35076868 PMCID: PMC9630202 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aphasia is an impairment of language caused by acquired brain damage such as stroke or traumatic brain injury, that affects a person’s ability to communicate effectively. The aim of rehabilitation in aphasia is to improve everyday communication, improving an individual’s ability to function in their day-to-day life. For that reason, a thorough understanding of naturalistic communication and its underlying mechanisms is imperative. The field of aphasiology currently lacks an agreed, comprehensive, theoretically founded definition of communication. Instead, multiple disparate interpretations of functional communication are used. We argue that this makes it nearly impossible to validly and reliably assess a person’s communicative performance, to target this behaviour through therapy, and to measure improvements post-therapy. In this article we propose a structured, theoretical approach to defining the concept of functional communication. We argue for a view of communication as “situated language use”, borrowed from empirical psycholinguistic studies with non-brain damaged adults. This framework defines language use as: (1) interactive, (2) multimodal, and (3) contextual. Existing research on each component of the framework from non-brain damaged adults and people with aphasia is reviewed. The consequences of adopting this approach to assessment and therapy for aphasia rehabilitation are discussed. The aim of this article is to encourage a more systematic, comprehensive approach to the study and treatment of situated language use in aphasia.
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Proix T, Delgado Saa J, Christen A, Martin S, Pasley BN, Knight RT, Tian X, Poeppel D, Doyle WK, Devinsky O, Arnal LH, Mégevand P, Giraud AL. Imagined speech can be decoded from low- and cross-frequency intracranial EEG features. Nat Commun 2022; 13:48. [PMID: 35013268 PMCID: PMC8748882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstructing intended speech from neural activity using brain-computer interfaces holds great promises for people with severe speech production deficits. While decoding overt speech has progressed, decoding imagined speech has met limited success, mainly because the associated neural signals are weak and variable compared to overt speech, hence difficult to decode by learning algorithms. We obtained three electrocorticography datasets from 13 patients, with electrodes implanted for epilepsy evaluation, who performed overt and imagined speech production tasks. Based on recent theories of speech neural processing, we extracted consistent and specific neural features usable for future brain computer interfaces, and assessed their performance to discriminate speech items in articulatory, phonetic, and vocalic representation spaces. While high-frequency activity provided the best signal for overt speech, both low- and higher-frequency power and local cross-frequency contributed to imagined speech decoding, in particular in phonetic and vocalic, i.e. perceptual, spaces. These findings show that low-frequency power and cross-frequency dynamics contain key information for imagined speech decoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Proix
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jaime Delgado Saa
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andy Christen
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Martin
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brian N Pasley
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
| | - Xing Tian
- Division of Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - David Poeppel
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Werner K Doyle
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc H Arnal
- Institut de l'Audition, Institut Pasteur, INSERM, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mégevand
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Lise Giraud
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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45
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Giampiccolo D, Nunes S, Cattaneo L, Sala F. Functional Approaches to the Surgery of Brain Gliomas. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2022; 45:35-96. [PMID: 35976447 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99166-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the surgery of gliomas, recent years have witnessed unprecedented theoretical and technical development, which extensively increased indication to surgery. On one hand, it has been solidly demonstrated the impact of gross total resection on life expectancy. On the other hand, the paradigm shift from classical cortical localization of brain function towards connectomics caused by the resurgence of awake surgery and the advent of tractography has permitted safer surgeries focused on subcortical white matter tracts preservation and allowed for surgical resections within regions, such as Broca's area or the primary motor cortex, which were previously deemed inoperable. Furthermore, new asleep electrophysiological techniques have been developed whenever awake surgery is not an option, such as operating in situations of poor compliance (including paediatric patients) or pre-existing neurological deficits. One such strategy is the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), enabling the identification and preservation of functionally defined, but anatomically ambiguous, cortico-subcortical structures through mapping and monitoring techniques. These advances tie in with novel challenges, specifically risk prediction and the impact of neuroplasticity, the indication for tumour resection beyond visible borders, or supratotal resection, and most of all, a reappraisal of the importance of the right hemisphere from early psychosurgery to mapping and preservation of social behaviour, executive control, and decision making.Here we review current advances and future perspectives in a functional approach to glioma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giampiccolo
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- Institute of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK
| | - Sonia Nunes
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattaneo
- Center for Mind and Brain Sciences (CIMeC) and Center for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Sala
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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46
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Deng X, Wang B, Zong F, Yin H, Yu S, Zhang D, Wang S, Cao Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y. Right-hemispheric language reorganization in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:6014-6027. [PMID: 34582074 PMCID: PMC8596961 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM), a presumed congenital lesion, may involve traditional language areas but usually does not lead to language dysfunction unless it ruptures. The objective of this research was to study right-hemispheric language reorganization patterns in patients with brain AVMs using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We prospectively enrolled 30 AVM patients with lesions involving language areas and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Each subject underwent fMRI during three language tasks: visual synonym judgment, oral word reading, and auditory sentence comprehension. The activation differences between the AVM and control groups were investigated by voxelwise analysis. Lateralization indices (LIs) for the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and cerebellum were compared between the two groups, respectively. Results suggested that the language functions of AVM patients and controls were all normal. Voxelwise analysis showed no significantly different activations between the two groups in visual synonym judgment and oral word reading tasks. In auditory sentence comprehension task, AVM patients had significantly more activations in the right precentral gyrus (BA 6) and right cerebellar lobule VI (AAL 9042). According to the LI results, the frontal lobe in oral word reading task and the temporal lobe in auditory sentence comprehension task were significantly more right-lateralized in the AVM group. These findings suggest that for patients with AVMs involving language cortex, different language reorganization patterns may develop for different language functions. The recruitment of brain areas in the right cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres may play a compensatory role in the reorganized language network of AVM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangrong Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shaochen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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47
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Deng X, Yin H, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Wang S, Cao Y, Li M, Wang B, Zong F, Zhao J. Impairment and Plasticity of Language-Related White Matter in Patients With Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Stroke 2021; 53:1682-1691. [PMID: 34847706 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.035506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Language dysfunction is rarely seen in patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) albeit the AVM nidus involving language areas, which provides a unique disease model to study language reorganization. The objective of this study was to investigate the impairment and reorganization patterns and characteristics of language-related white matter in AVMs located at different brain areas. METHODS Thirty-three patients with AVMs involving language areas were prospectively enrolled. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to the lesion locations: the frontal (14 patients), temporal (15 patients), and parietal groups (4 patients). Thirty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled as comparison. All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging scans, and automated fiber quantification method was applied to quantitatively study the difference of segmented language-related white matter connectivity between 3 AVM groups and control group. RESULTS Language functions were normal in all subjects according to Western Aphasia Battery test. In the frontal group, fractional anisotropy (FA) value decreased in the left arcuate fascicle and increased in left superior longitudinal fasciculus and uncinate fascicle; in the temporal group, FA values decreased in left inferior fronto-occipital fascicle and inferior longitudinal fascicle and increased in right anterior thalamic radiation and uncinate fascicle; in the parietal group, FA values decreased in left arcuate fascicle and inferior longitudinal fascicle and increased in bilateral anterior thalamic radiations and uncinate fascicles and right inferior fronto-occipital fascicle. In fascicles with decreased FA values, the increase of radial diffusivity was common, and fascicles with increased FA values usually presented along with increased axial diffusivity values. CONCLUSIONS Remodeling of language-related white matter occurs when traditional language areas are involved by AVM nidus, and its reorganization patterns vary with locations of AVM nidus. Fascicle impairment is mainly caused by the myelin deficits, and its plasticity may be dominated by the axon remodeling procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.).,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.)
| | - Hu Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.).,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.).,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.)
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.).,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.)
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.).,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.)
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.).,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.)
| | - Maogui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.).,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, China (B.W.).,Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (B.W., F.Z.).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (B.W., F.Z.)
| | - Fangrong Zong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (B.W., F.Z.).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (B.W., F.Z.)
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.).,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing (X.D., H.Y., Y.Z., D.Z., S.W., Y.C., M.L., J.Z.)
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48
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Yang Q, Xu F, Ling Z, Li X, Li Y, Fang D. Selecting and Analyzing Speech Features for the Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:1906-1910. [PMID: 34891659 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The total number of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has exceeded 10 million in China, while the consultation rate is only 14%. Large-scale early screening of cognitive impairment is necessary, however, the methods of traditional screening are expensive and time-consuming. This study explores a speech-based method for the early screening of cognitive impairment by selecting and analyzing speech features to reduce cost and increase efficiency. Specifically, speech-based early screening models are built based on a feature selection method and a self-built dataset including AD patients, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy controls. This method achieves 10% relative improvement in F1-score to discriminate MCI patients from healthy controls on our dataset. The prediction F1-score reached 70.73% when discriminating MCI patients from healthy controls based on the feature importance list calculated by the auxiliary model that is built to discriminate AD from Control group. Besides, to further assist the medical screening of MCI, we analyze the correlation between brain atrophy features and speech features including acoustic, lexical and duration features. On the basis of key speech feature selection and correlation analysis, the reference interval of speech features is constructed based on the speech data from Control group to provide a reference for evaluating cognitive impairment.Clinical Relevance - We build a speech-based dataset including AD, MCI and Control groups, and provide a feature selection method to improve the effectiveness of the screening of MCI. Apart from this, the correlation between speech features and brain atrophy features is analyzed. Finally, the reference interval of key speech features is established.
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49
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Lorca-Puls DL, Gajardo-Vidal A, Oberhuber M, Prejawa S, Hope TMH, Leff AP, Green DW, Price CJ. Brain regions that support accurate speech production after damage to Broca's area. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab230. [PMID: 34671727 PMCID: PMC8523882 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broca’s area in the posterior half of the left inferior frontal gyrus has traditionally been considered an important node in the speech production network. Nevertheless, recovery of speech production has been reported, to different degrees, within a few months of damage to Broca’s area. Importantly, contemporary evidence suggests that, within Broca’s area, its posterior part (i.e. pars opercularis) plays a more prominent role in speech production than its anterior part (i.e. pars triangularis). In this study, we therefore investigated the brain activation patterns that underlie accurate speech production following stroke damage to the opercular part of Broca’s area. By combining functional MRI and 13 tasks that place varying demands on speech production, brain activation was compared in (i) seven patients of interest with damage to the opercular part of Broca’s area; (ii) 55 neurologically intact controls; and (iii) 28 patient controls with left-hemisphere damage that spared Broca’s area. When producing accurate overt speech responses, the patients with damage to the left pars opercularis activated a substantial portion of the normal bilaterally distributed system. Within this system, there was a lesion-site-dependent effect in a specific part of the right cerebellar Crus I where activation was significantly higher in the patients with damage to the left pars opercularis compared to both neurologically intact and patient controls. In addition, activation in the right pars opercularis was significantly higher in the patients with damage to the left pars opercularis relative to neurologically intact controls but not patient controls (after adjusting for differences in lesion size). By further examining how right Crus I and right pars opercularis responded across a range of conditions in the neurologically intact controls, we suggest that these regions play distinct roles in domain-general cognitive control. Finally, we show that enhanced activation in the right pars opercularis cannot be explained by release from an inhibitory relationship with the left pars opercularis (i.e. dis-inhibition) because right pars opercularis activation was positively related to left pars opercularis activation in neurologically intact controls. Our findings motivate and guide future studies to investigate (i) how exactly right Crus I and right pars opercularis support accurate speech production after damage to the opercular part of Broca’s area and (ii) whether non-invasive neurostimulation to one or both of these regions boosts speech production recovery after damage to the opercular part of Broca’s area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Lorca-Puls
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrea Gajardo-Vidal
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Marion Oberhuber
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Susan Prejawa
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M H Hope
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alexander P Leff
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - David W Green
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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50
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Coutinho L, Caramelli P, Teive HAG. Aphasia localization: was Pierre Marie right? Brain 2021; 144:3547-3549. [PMID: 34672327 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Language and its associated disorders have puzzled humanity since the dawn of civilization. The first descriptions of aphasia go back to classical antiquity. The Egyptians and Babylonians believed speech was a divine gift to mortals, and their descriptions of aphasia attributed these events to their Gods' anger and disfavor. The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus and the Hippocratic Corpus report several aphasia cases, relating this phenomenology to apoplexy, epilepsy, and other illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Coutinho
- Movement disorders unit, Neurology service, Internal medicine department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Neurological diseases group, Graduate program of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Behavioral and cognitive neurology research group, Departamento de clínica médica, Faculdade de medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélio A Ghizoni Teive
- Movement disorders unit, Neurology service, Internal medicine department, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Neurological diseases group, Graduate program of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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