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Yang F, Qiu Y, Xie X, Zhou X, Wang S, Weng J, Wu L, Ma Y, Wang Z, Jin W, Chen B. Platelet Membrane-Encapsulated Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles Loaded with Sildenafil for Targeted Therapy of Vein Graft Intimal Hyperplasia. Int J Pharm X 2024; 8:100278. [PMID: 39263002 PMCID: PMC11387714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autologous vein grafts have attracted widespread attention for their high transplantation success rate and low risk of immune rejection. However, this technique is limited by the postoperative neointimal hyperplasia, recurrent stenosis and vein graft occlusion. Hence, we propose the platelet membrane-coated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) containing sildenafil (PPS). Platelet membrane (PM) is characterised by actively targeting damaged blood vessels. The PPS can effectively target the vein grafts and then slowly release sildenafil to treat intimal hyperplasia in the vein grafts, thereby preventing the progression of vein graft restenosis. PPS effectively inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) and promotes the migration and vascularisation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In a New Zealand rabbit model of intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts, the PPS significantly suppressed vascular stenosis and intimal hyperplasia at 14 and 28 days after surgery. Thus, PPS represents a nanomedicine with therapeutic potential for treating intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajing Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yihui Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, PR China
| | - Xueting Xie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Xingjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Shunfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jialu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yizhe Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, PR China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, PR China
| | - Wenzhang Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
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Nobutoki T. Vitamin D in tuberous sclerosis complex-associated tumors. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1392380. [PMID: 38846332 PMCID: PMC11153746 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1392380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) have been used to treat pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-associated tumors, particularly in cases with contraindications to surgery or difficulties in complete tumor resection. However, some patients experience side effects and tumor regression after discontinuation of the treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs that can be used in combination with mTORi to increase their efficacy and minimize their side effects. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D), which has anticancer properties, may be a promising candidate for adjuvant or alternative therapy because TSC and cancer cells share common mechanisms, including angiogenesis, cell growth, and proliferation. Vitamin D receptor-mediated signaling can be epigenetically modified and plays an important role in susceptibility to 1,25-D. Therefore, vitamin D signaling may be a promising drug target, and in vitro studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of 1,25-D in TSC-associated tumors, brain development, and core symptoms of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Nobutoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Social Welfare Aiseikai, Suihoen, Japan
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Goncalves FG, Mahecha-Carvajal ME, Desa A, Yildiz H, Talbeya JK, Moreno LA, Viaene AN, Vossough A. Imaging of supratentorial intraventricular masses in children: a pictorial review-part 2. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:699-716. [PMID: 38085360 PMCID: PMC11031612 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article is the second in a two-part series aimed at exploring the spectrum of supratentorial intraventricular masses in children. In particular, this part delves into masses originating from cells of the ventricular lining, those within the septum pellucidum, and brain parenchyma cells extending into the ventricles. The aim of this series is to offer a comprehensive understanding of these supratentorial intraventricular masses, encompassing their primary clinical findings and histological definitions. METHODS We conducted a review and analysis of relevant epidemiological data, the current genetics/molecular classifications as per the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5), and imaging findings. Each supratentorial intraventricular mass was individually evaluated, with a detailed discussion on its clinical and histological features. RESULTS This article covers a range of supratentorial intraventricular masses observed in children. These include colloid cysts, subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, ependymomas, gangliogliomas, myxoid glioneuronal tumors, central neurocytomas, high-grade gliomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, cavernous malformations, and other embryonal tumors. Each mass type is characterized both clinically and histologically, offering an in-depth review of their individual imaging characteristics. CONCLUSION The WHO CNS5 introduces notable changes, emphasizing the vital importance of molecular diagnostics in classifying pediatric central nervous system tumors. These foundational shifts have significant potential to impact management strategies and, as a result, the outcomes of intraventricular masses in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aishwary Desa
- Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harun Yildiz
- Department of Radiology, Dortcelik Children's Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Luz Angela Moreno
- Pediatric Imaging, Department of Radiology, Fundación Hospital La Misericordia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angela N Viaene
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pathology Department, Children´s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Radiology Department, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Schachenhofer J, Gruber VE, Fehrer SV, Haider C, Glatter S, Liszewska E, Höftberger R, Aronica E, Rössler K, Jaworski J, Scholl T, Feucht M. Targeting the EGFR pathway: An alternative strategy for the treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12974. [PMID: 38562027 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by variants in TSC1/TSC2, leading to constitutive activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1. Therapy with everolimus has been approved for TSC, but variations in success are frequent. Recently, caudal late interneuron progenitor (CLIP) cells were identified as a common origin of the TSC brain pathologies such as subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA) and cortical tubers (CT). Further, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with afatinib, which is expressed in CLIP cells, reduces cell growth in cerebral TSC organoids. However, investigation of clinical patient-derived data is lacking. AIMS Observation of EGFR expression in SEGA, CT and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) 2B human brain specimen and investigation of whether its inhibition could be a potential therapeutic intervention for these patients. METHODS Brain specimens of 23 SEGAs, 6 CTs, 20 FCD2Bs and 17 controls were analysed via immunohistochemistry to characterise EGFR expression, cell proliferation (via Mib1) and mTOR signalling. In a cell-based assay using primary patient-derived cells (CT n = 1, FCD2B n = 1 and SEGA n = 4), the effects of afatinib and everolimus on cell proliferation and cell viability were observed. RESULTS EGFR overexpression was observed in histological sections of SEGA, CT and FCD2B patients. Both everolimus and afatinib decreased the proliferation and viability in primary SEGA, tuber and FCD2B cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that EGFR suppression might be an effective alternative treatment option for SEGAs and tubers, as well as other mTOR-associated malformations of cortical development, including FCD2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schachenhofer
- Department Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Carmen Haider
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Glatter
- Department Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewa Liszewska
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Karl Rössler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Chen Y, Tan X, Zhang W, Li Y, Deng X, Zeng J, Huang L, Ma X. Natural products targeting macroautophagy signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: Recent evidence and perspectives. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1623-1650. [PMID: 38302697 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), presently the second leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, continues to pose significant challenges in the realm of medical oncology, impacting both clinical drug selection and mechanistic research. Recent investigations have unveiled autophagy-related signaling as a promising avenue for HCC treatment. A growing body of research has highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy-modulating natural products in inhibiting HCC progression. In this context, we provide a concise overview of the fundamental autophagy mechanism and delineate the involvement of autophagic signaling pathways in HCC development. Additionally, we review pertinent studies demonstrating how natural products regulate autophagy to mitigate HCC. Our findings indicate that natural products exhibit cytotoxic effects through the induction of excessive autophagy, simultaneously impeding HCC cell proliferation by autophagy inhibition, thereby depriving HCC cells of essential energy. These effects have been associated with various signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Beclin-1, and ferroautophagy. These results underscore the considerable therapeutic potential of natural products in HCC treatment. However, it is important to note that the present study did not establish definitive thresholds for autophagy induction or inhibition by natural products. Further research in this domain is imperative to gain comprehensive insights into the dual role of autophagy, equipping us with a better understanding of this double-edged sword in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Riley VA, Shankar V, Holmberg JC, Sokolov AM, Neckles VN, Williams K, Lyman R, Mackay TF, Feliciano DM. Tsc2 coordinates neuroprogenitor differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108442. [PMID: 38107199 PMCID: PMC10724693 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate numerous cell types. The uncoupling of mRNA transcript availability and translation occurs during the progression from stem to differentiated states. The mTORC1 kinase pathway acutely controls proteins that regulate mRNA translation. Inhibiting mTORC1 during differentiation is hypothesized to be critical for brain development since somatic mutations of mTORC1 regulators perturb brain architecture. Inactivating mutations of TSC1 or TSC2 genes cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). TSC patients have growths near the striatum and ventricles. Here, it is demonstrated that V-SVZ NSC Tsc2 inactivation causes striatal hamartomas. Tsc2 removal altered translation factors, translatomes, and translational efficiency. Single nuclei RNA sequencing following in vivo loss of Tsc2 revealed changes in NSC activation states. The inability to decouple mRNA transcript availability and translation delayed differentiation leading to the retention of immature phenotypes in hamartomas. Taken together, Tsc2 is required for translational repression and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Riley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | - Aidan M. Sokolov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn Williams
- Clemson University Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility (CUGBF), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Rachel Lyman
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Trudy F.C. Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - David M. Feliciano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
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Sigaud R, Albert TK, Hess C, Hielscher T, Winkler N, Kocher D, Walter C, Münter D, Selt F, Usta D, Ecker J, Brentrup A, Hasselblatt M, Thomas C, Varghese J, Capper D, Thomale UW, Hernáiz Driever P, Simon M, Horn S, Herz NA, Koch A, Sahm F, Hamelmann S, Faria-Andrade A, Jabado N, Schuhmann MU, Schouten-van Meeteren AYN, Hoving E, Brummer T, van Tilburg CM, Pfister SM, Witt O, Jones DTW, Kerl K, Milde T. MAPK inhibitor sensitivity scores predict sensitivity driven by the immune infiltration in pediatric low-grade gliomas. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4533. [PMID: 37500667 PMCID: PMC10374577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) show heterogeneous responses to MAPK inhibitors (MAPKi) in clinical trials. Thus, more complex stratification biomarkers are needed to identify patients likely to benefit from MAPKi therapy. Here, we identify MAPK-related genes enriched in MAPKi-sensitive cell lines using the GDSC dataset and apply them to calculate class-specific MAPKi sensitivity scores (MSSs) via single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. The MSSs discriminate MAPKi-sensitive and non-sensitive cells in the GDSC dataset and significantly correlate with response to MAPKi in an independent PDX dataset. The MSSs discern gliomas with varying MAPK alterations and are higher in pLGG compared to other pediatric CNS tumors. Heterogenous MSSs within pLGGs with the same MAPK alteration identify proportions of potentially sensitive patients. The MEKi MSS predicts treatment response in a small set of pLGG patients treated with trametinib. High MSSs correlate with a higher immune cell infiltration, with high expression in the microglia compartment in single-cell RNA sequencing data, while low MSSs correlate with low immune infiltration and increased neuronal score. The MSSs represent predictive tools for the stratification of pLGG patients and should be prospectively validated in clinical trials. Our data supports a role for microglia in the response to MAPKi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sigaud
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas K Albert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Caroline Hess
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Winkler
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Kocher
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Walter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Münter
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Selt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diren Usta
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ecker
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Brentrup
- Neurosurgery Dept., University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Varghese
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Berlin Institute of Health, Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Thomale
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pablo Hernáiz Driever
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, German HIT-LOGGIC-Registry for pLGG in children and adolescents, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michèle Simon
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, German HIT-LOGGIC-Registry for pLGG in children and adolescents, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svea Horn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, German HIT-LOGGIC-Registry for pLGG in children and adolescents, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Annika Herz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, German HIT-LOGGIC-Registry for pLGG in children and adolescents, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arend Koch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neuropathology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hamelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Martin U Schuhmann
- Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Eelco Hoving
- Princess Màxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Centre for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelis M van Tilburg
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Glioma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kornelius Kerl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-Current Views on Their Pathogenesis and Management. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030956. [PMID: 36769603 PMCID: PMC9917805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction, Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant disorder caused by mutations inactivating TSC1 or TSC2 genes and characterized by the presence of tumors involving many organs, including the brain, heart, kidneys, and skin. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a slow-growing brain tumor almost exclusively associated with TSC. STATE OF THE ART Despite the fact that SEGAs are benign, they require well-considered decisions regarding the timing and modality of pharmacological or surgical treatment. In TSC children and adolescents, SEGA is the major cause of mortality and morbidity. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Until recently, surgical resection has been the standard therapy for SEGAs but the discovery of the role of the mTOR pathway and the introduction of mTOR inhibitors to clinical practice changed the therapeutic landscape of these tumors. In the current paper, we discuss the pros and cons of mTOR inhibitors and surgical approaches in SEGA treatment. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In 2021, the International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Group proposed a new integrative strategy for SEGA management. In the following review, we discuss the proposed recommendations and report the results of the literature search for the latest treatment directions.
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De Meulemeester AS, Heylen L, Siekierska A, Mills JD, Romagnolo A, Van Der Wel NN, Aronica E, de Witte PAM. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 in a double hit mutant zebrafish model of tuberous sclerosis complex causes increased seizure susceptibility and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952832. [PMID: 36238691 PMCID: PMC9552079 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in TSC1 and TSC2 genes. TSC patients present with seizures and brain abnormalities such as tubers and subependymal giant cells astrocytoma (SEGA). Despite common molecular and clinical features, the severity of the disease varies greatly, even intrafamilially. The second hit hypothesis suggests that an additional, inactivating mutation in the remaining functional allele causes a more severe phenotype and therefore explains the phenotypic variability. Recently, second hit mutations have been detected frequently in mTORopathies. To investigate the pathophysiological effects of second hit mutations, several mouse models have been developed. Here, we opted for a double mutant zebrafish model that carries a LOF mutation both in the tsc2 and the depdc5 gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a second-hit model has been studied in zebrafish. Significantly, the DEP domain-containing protein 5 (DEPDC5) gene has an important role in the regulation of mTORC1, and the combination of a germline TSC2 and somatic DEPDC5 mutation has been described in a TSC patient with intractable epilepsy. Our depdc5−/−x tsc2−/− double mutant zebrafish line displayed greatly increased levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1) activity, augmented seizure susceptibility, and early lethality which could be rescued by rapamycin. Histological analysis of the brain revealed ventricular dilatation in the tsc2 and double homozygotes. RNA-sequencing showed a linear relation between the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the degree of mTORC1 hyperactivity. Enrichment analysis of their transcriptomes revealed that many genes associated with neurological developmental processes were downregulated and mitochondrial genes were upregulated. In particular, the transcriptome of human SEGA lesions overlapped strongly with the double homozygous zebrafish larvae. The data highlight the clinical relevance of the depdc5−/− x tsc2−/− double mutant zebrafish larvae that showed a more severe phenotype compared to the single mutants. Finally, analysis of gene-drug interactions identified interesting pharmacological targets for SEGA, underscoring the value of our small zebrafish vertebrate model for future drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lise Heylen
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - James D. Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Romagnolo
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole N. Van Der Wel
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instelling Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
| | - Peter A. M. de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Peter A. M. de Witte,
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10
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Advances in the genetics and neuropathology of tuberous sclerosis complex: edging closer to targeted therapy. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:843-856. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Rudà R, Capper D, Waldman AD, Pallud J, Minniti G, Kaley TJ, Bouffet E, Tabatabai G, Aronica E, Jakola AS, Pfister SM, Schiff D, Lassman AB, Solomon DA, Soffietti R, Weller M, Preusser M, Idbaih A, Wen PY, van den Bent MJ. EANO - EURACAN - SNO Guidelines on circumscribed astrocytic gliomas, glioneuronal, and neuronal tumors. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:2015-2034. [PMID: 35908833 PMCID: PMC9713532 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the new WHO 2021 Classification of CNS Tumors the chapter "Circumscribed astrocytic gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors" encompasses several different rare tumor entities, which occur more frequently in children, adolescents, and young adults. The Task Force has reviewed the evidence of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, which is low particularly for adult patients, and draw recommendations accordingly. Tumor diagnosis, based on WHO 2021, is primarily performed using conventional histological techniques; however, a molecular workup is important for differential diagnosis, in particular, DNA methylation profiling for the definitive classification of histologically unresolved cases. Molecular factors are increasing of prognostic and predictive importance. MRI finding are non-specific, but for some tumors are characteristic and suggestive. Gross total resection, when feasible, is the most important treatment in terms of prolonging survival and achieving long-term seizure control. Conformal radiotherapy should be considered in grade 3 and incompletely resected grade 2 tumors. In recurrent tumors reoperation and radiotherapy, including stereotactic radiotherapy, can be useful. Targeted therapies may be used in selected patients: BRAF and MEK inhibitors in pilocytic astrocytomas, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, and gangliogliomas when BRAF altered, and mTOR inhibitor everolimus in subependymal giant cells astrocytomas. Sequencing to identify molecular targets is advocated for diagnostic clarification and to direct potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rudà
- Corresponding Author: Roberta Rudà, Department of Neurology, Castelfranco Veneto/Treviso Hospital and Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy ()
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam D Waldman
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh and Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Pallud
- Department of Neurosurgery, GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Minniti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy and IRCCS Neuromed (IS), Italy
| | - Thomas J Kaley
- Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, US
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Paediatric Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology & Neurooncology, University of Tübingen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam and Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Asgeir S Jakola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children´s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Division of Pediatric Neuro-oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, US
| | - Andrew B Lassman
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, US
| | - David A Solomon
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
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12
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Scheper M, Romagnolo A, Besharat ZM, Iyer AM, Moavero R, Hertzberg C, Weschke B, Riney K, Feucht M, Scholl T, Petrak B, Maulisova A, Nabbout R, Jansen AC, Jansen FE, Lagae L, Urbanska M, Ferretti E, Tempes A, Blazejczyk M, Jaworski J, Kwiatkowski DJ, Jozwiak S, Kotulska K, Sadowski K, Borkowska J, Curatolo P, Mills JD, Aronica E. miRNAs and isomiRs: Serum-Based Biomarkers for the Development of Intellectual Disability and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081838. [PMID: 36009385 PMCID: PMC9405248 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multi-system genetic disorder characterized by a high incidence of epilepsy and neuropsychiatric manifestations known as tuberous-sclerosis-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TANDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of more than 60% of all protein-coding genes in humans and have been reported to be dysregulated in several diseases, including TSC. In the current study, RNA sequencing analysis was performed to define the miRNA and isoform (isomiR) expression patterns in serum. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify circulating molecular biomarkers, miRNAs, and isomiRs, able to discriminate the development of neuropsychiatric comorbidity, either ASD, ID, or ASD + ID, in patients with TSC. Part of our bioinformatics predictions was verified with RT-qPCR performed on RNA isolated from patients’ serum. Our results support the notion that circulating miRNAs and isomiRs have the potential to aid standard clinical testing in the early risk assessment of ASD and ID development in TSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte Scheper
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (A.R.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Alessia Romagnolo
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (A.R.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Zein Mersini Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Anand M. Iyer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (A.R.); (A.M.I.)
- Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romina Moavero
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.C.)
- Child Neurology Unit, Neuroscience Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Christoph Hertzberg
- Diagnose-und Behandlungszentrum für Kinder, Vivantes-Klinikum Neukölln, 12351 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Bernhard Weschke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Kate Riney
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia;
- Neurosciences Unit, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, “Member of ERN EpiCARE”, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, “Member of ERN EpiCARE”, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Borivoj Petrak
- Motol University Hospital, Charles University, 15000 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Alice Maulisova
- Motol University Hospital, Charles University, 15000 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Rima Nabbout
- Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, APHP, Member of ERN EpiCARE, Université de Paris, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Anna C. Jansen
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Floor E. Jansen
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center University Medical Center, Member of ERN EpiCare, 3584 BA Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Malgorzata Urbanska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (K.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.M.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Tempes
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.); (M.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Magdalena Blazejczyk
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.); (M.B.); (J.J.)
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland; (A.T.); (M.B.); (J.J.)
| | | | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (K.S.); (J.B.)
- Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (K.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Sadowski
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (K.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Julita Borkowska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (M.U.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (K.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Paolo Curatolo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.C.)
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (A.R.); (A.M.I.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter SL9 0RJ, UK
- Correspondence: (J.D.M.); (E.A.)
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (A.R.); (A.M.I.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.M.); (E.A.)
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Liu JT, Yao QP, Chen Y, Lv F, Liu Z, Bao H, Han Y, Zhang ML, Jiang ZL, Qi YX. Arterial cyclic stretch regulates Lamtor1 and promotes neointimal hyperplasia via circSlc8a1/miR-20a-5p axis in vein grafts. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4851-4865. [PMID: 35836818 PMCID: PMC9274756 DOI: 10.7150/thno.69551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Neointimal hyperplasia caused by dedifferentiation and proliferation of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is the major challenge for restenosis after coronary artery bypass graft. Herein, we investigated the role of Lamtor1 in neointimal formation and the regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNA underlying this process. Methods: Using a "cuff" model, veins were grafted into arterial system and Lamtor1 expression which was correlated with the activation of mTORC1 signaling and dedifferentiation of SMCs, were measured by Western blot. Whole transcriptome deep sequencing (RNA-seq) of the grafted veins combined with bioinformatic analysis identified highly conserved circSlc8a1 and its interaction with miR-20a-5p, which may target Lamtor1. CircSlc8a1 was biochemically characterized by Sanger sequencing and resistant to RNase R digestion. The cytoplasmic location of circSlc8a1 was shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RNA pull-down, luciferase assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) with Ago2 assays were used to identify the interaction circSlc8a1 with miR-20a-5p. Furthermore, arterial mechanical stretch (10% elongation) was applied in vitro. Results:In vivo, Lamtor1 was significantly enhanced in grafted vein and activated mTORC1 signaling to promote dedifferentiation of SMCs. Arterial mechanical stretch (10% elongation) induced circSlc8a1 expression and positively regulated Lamtor1, activated mTORC1 and promoted SMC dedifferentiation and proliferation. Local injection of circSlc8a1 siRNA or SMC-specific Lamtor1 knockout mice prevented neointimal hyperplasia in vein grafts in vivo. Conclusions: Our study reveals a novel mechanobiological mechanism underlying the dedifferentiation and proliferation of venous SMCs in neointimal hyperplasia. CircSlc81/miR-20a-5p/Lamtor1 axis induced by arterial cyclic stretch may be a potential clinical target that attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in grafted vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ze Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Han
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Ying-Xin Qi, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Zong-Lai Jiang, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Ming-Liang Zhang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233 China. Tel.: +86-21-24058337, Fax: +86-21-24058337, E-mail:
| | - Zong-Lai Jiang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Ying-Xin Qi, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Zong-Lai Jiang, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Ming-Liang Zhang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233 China. Tel.: +86-21-24058337, Fax: +86-21-24058337, E-mail:
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Dr. Ying-Xin Qi, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Zong-Lai Jiang, Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. Tel.: +86-21-34204863, Fax: +86-21-34204118, E-mail: ; Dr. Ming-Liang Zhang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233 China. Tel.: +86-21-24058337, Fax: +86-21-24058337, E-mail:
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14
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Catanzaro G, Besharat ZM, Carai A, Jäger N, Splendiani E, Colin C, Po A, Chiacchiarini M, Citarella A, Gianno F, Cacchione A, Miele E, Diomedi Camassei F, Gessi M, Massimi L, Locatelli F, Jones DTW, Figarella-Branger D, Pfister SM, Mastronuzzi A, Giangaspero F, Ferretti E. MiR-1248: a new prognostic biomarker able to identify supratentorial hemispheric pediatric low-grade gliomas patients associated with progression. Biomark Res 2022; 10:44. [PMID: 35715818 PMCID: PMC9205050 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs), particularly incompletely resected supratentorial tumours, can undergo progression after surgery. However to date, there are no predictive biomarkers for progression. Here, we aimed to identify pLGG-specific microRNA signatures and evaluate their value as a prognostic tool. Methods We identified and validated supratentorial incompletey resected pLGG-specific microRNAs in independent cohorts from four European Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Centres. Results These microRNAs demonstrated high accuracy in differentiating patients with or without progression. Specifically, incompletely resected supratentorial pLGGs with disease progression showed significantly higher miR-1248 combined with lower miR-376a-3p and miR-888-5p levels than tumours without progression. A significant (p < 0.001) prognostic performance for miR-1248 was reported with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.00. We also highlighted a critical oncogenic role for miR-1248 in gliomas tumours. Indeed, high miR-1248 levels maintain low its validated target genes (CDKN1A (p21)/FRK/SPOP/VHL/MTAP) and consequently sustain the activation of oncogenic pathways. Conclusions Altogether, we provide a novel molecular biomarker able to successfully identify pLGG patients associated with disease progression that could support the clinicians in the decision-making strategy, advancing personalized medicine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40364-022-00389-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Catanzaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Zein Mersini Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Department of Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalie Jäger
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Splendiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carole Colin
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Chiacchiarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Citarella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianno
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Cacchione
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Gessi
- Department of Women, Children and Public Health Sciences, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Massimi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics & Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - David T W Jones
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique Et de Neuropathologie, Hôpital de La Timone, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie, Aix-Marseille Université, AP-HM, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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15
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mTOR Inhibitor Treatment in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Is Associated with Specific Changes in microRNA Serum Profile. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123395. [PMID: 35743464 PMCID: PMC9224825 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the serum profiles of miRNAs in patients with tuberous sclerosis (TSC) upon sirolimus treatment and compare them with those previously treated with everolimus in a similarly designed experiment. Serum microRNA profiling was performed in ten TSC patients before sirolimus therapy and again after 3–6 months using qPCR panels (Exiqon). Of 752 tested miRNAs, 28 showed significant differences in expression between TSC patients before and after sirolimus treatment. Of these, 11 miRNAs were dysregulated in the same directions as in the sirolimus groupcompared with the previously described everolimus group, miR-142-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-425-5p, miR-376a-3p, miR-376a-3p, miR-532-3p, and miR-136-5p were upregulated, while miR-15b-3p, miR-100-5p, and miR-185-5p were downregulated. The most significant changes of expression, with fold changes exceeding 1.25 for both treatments, were noted for miR-136-5p, miR-376a-3p, and miR-150-5p. The results of a pathway analysis of the possible target genes for these miRNAs indicated the involvement of the Ras and MAPK signaling pathway. Upregulation of miR-136, miR-376a-3p, and miR-150-5p was noted in TSC patients treated with mTOR inhibitors, indicating a role in the downregulation of the mTOR pathway. Further studies are needed to determine the relationship between upregulated microRNAs and treatment efficacy.
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16
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Genetic pathogenesis of the epileptogenic lesions in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Therapeutic targeting of the mTOR pathway. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 131:107713. [PMID: 33431351 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic multisystem disease due to the mutation in one of the two genes TSC1 and TSC2, affecting several organs and systems and carrying a significant risk of early onset and refractory seizures. The pathogenesis of this complex disorder is now well known, with most of TSC-related manifestations being a consequence of the overactivation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) complex. The discovery of this underlying mechanism paved the way for the use of a class of drugs called mTOR inhibitors including rapamycin and everolimus and specifically targeting this pathway. Rapamycin has been widely used in different animal models of TSC-related epilepsy and proved to be able not only to suppress seizures but also to prevent the development of epilepsy, thus demonstrating an antiepileptogenic potential. In some models, it also showed some benefit on neuropsychiatric manifestations associated with TSC. Everolimus has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medical Agency for the treatment of refractory seizures associated with TSC starting from the age of 2 years. It demonstrated a clear benefit when compared to placebo on reducing the frequency of different seizure types and exerting a higher effect in younger children. In conclusion, mTOR cascade can be a potentially major cause of TSC-associated epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disability, and additional research should investigate if early suppression of abnormal mTOR signal with mTOR inhibitors before seizure onset can be a more efficient approach and an effective antiepileptogenic and disease-modifying strategy in infants with TSC.
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17
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Nguyen LH, Leiser SC, Song D, Brunner D, Roberds SL, Wong M, Bordey A. Inhibition of MEK-ERK signaling reduces seizures in two mouse models of tuberous sclerosis complex. Epilepsy Res 2022; 181:106890. [PMID: 35219048 PMCID: PMC8930622 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenic disorder characterized by hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway and developmental brain malformations leading to intractable epilepsy. Although treatment with the recently approved mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, results in clinically relevant seizure suppression in up to 40% of TSC patients, seizures remain uncontrolled in a large number of cases, underscoring the need to identify novel treatment targets. The MEK-ERK signaling pathway has been found to be aberrantly activated in TSC and inhibition of MEK-ERK activity independently of mTOR rescued neuronal dendrite overgrowth in mice modeling TSC neuropathology. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of MEK-ERK inhibition on seizures in two mouse models of TSC. We found that treatment with the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (mirdametinib) significantly reduced seizure activity in both TSC mouse models. These findings support inhibiting MEK-ERK activity as a potential alternative strategy to treat seizures in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena H. Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven C. Leiser
- Department of Translational EEG, PsychoGenics, Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Dekun Song
- Department of Translational EEG, PsychoGenics, Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angelique Bordey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Hydrocephalus, the abnormal accumulation and impaired circulation/clearance of cerebrospinal fluid, occurs as a common phenotypic feature of a diverse group of genetic syndromes. In this review, we outline the genetic mutations, pathogenesis, and accompanying symptoms underlying syndromic hydrocephalus in the context of: L1 syndrome, syndromic craniosynostoses, achondroplasia, NF 1/2, Down's syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Walker-Warburg syndrome, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Further, we discuss emerging genetic variants associated with syndromic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaamya Varagur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sai Anusha Sanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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19
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Bongaarts A, Mijnsbergen C, Anink JJ, Jansen FE, Spliet WGM, den Dunnen WFA, Coras R, Blümcke I, Paulus W, Gruber VE, Scholl T, Hainfellner JA, Feucht M, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Grajkowska W, Buccoliero AM, Caporalini C, Giordano F, Genitori L, Söylemezoğlu F, Pimentel J, Jones DTW, Scicluna BP, Schouten-van Meeteren AYN, Mühlebner A, Mills JD, Aronica E. Distinct DNA Methylation Patterns of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2863-2892. [PMID: 34709498 PMCID: PMC9560915 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, two key regulators of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex pathway. Phenotypically, this leads to growth and formation of hamartomas in several organs, including the brain. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are low-grade brain tumors commonly associated with TSC. Recently, gene expression studies provided evidence that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization play an important role in SEGA development. However, the precise mechanisms behind the gene expression changes in SEGA are still largely unknown, providing a potential role for DNA methylation. We investigated the methylation profile of SEGAs using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (SEGAs n = 42, periventricular control n = 8). The SEGA methylation profile was enriched for the adaptive immune system, T cell activation, leukocyte mediated immunity, extracellular structure organization and the ERK1 & ERK2 cascade. More interestingly, we identified two subgroups in the SEGA methylation data and show that the differentially expressed genes between the two subgroups are related to the MAPK cascade and adaptive immune response. Overall, this study shows that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization are also affected on DNA methylation level, suggesting that therapeutic intervention on DNA level could be useful for these specific pathways in SEGA. Moreover, we identified two subgroups in SEGA that seem to be driven by changes in the adaptive immune response and MAPK pathway and could potentially hold predictive information on target treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Bongaarts
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mijnsbergen
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Paulus
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Victoria E Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Flavio Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Figen Söylemezoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - José Pimentel
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center for Experimental & Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - James D Mills
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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20
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Korotkov A, Sim NS, Luinenburg MJ, Anink JJ, van Scheppingen J, Zimmer TS, Bongaarts A, Broekaart DWM, Mijnsbergen C, Jansen FE, Van Hecke W, Spliet WGM, van Rijen PC, Feucht M, Hainfellner JA, Kršek P, Zamecnik J, Crino PB, Kotulska K, Lagae L, Jansen AC, Kwiatkowski DJ, Jozwiak S, Curatolo P, Mühlebner A, Lee JH, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. MicroRNA-34a activation in tuberous sclerosis complex during early brain development may lead to impaired corticogenesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:796-811. [PMID: 33942341 PMCID: PMC8519131 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder associated with dysregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathway. Neurodevelopmental disorders, frequently present in TSC, are linked to cortical tubers in the brain. We previously reported microRNA-34a (miR-34a) among the most upregulated miRs in tubers. Here, we characterised miR-34a expression in tubers with the focus on the early brain development and assessed the regulation of mTORC1 pathway and corticogenesis by miR-34a. METHODS We analysed the expression of miR-34a in resected cortical tubers (n = 37) compared with autopsy-derived control tissue (n = 27). The effect of miR-34a overexpression on corticogenesis was assessed in mice at E18. The regulation of the mTORC1 pathway and the expression of the bioinformatically predicted target genes were assessed in primary astrocyte cultures from three patients with TSC and in SH-SY5Y cells following miR-34a transfection. RESULTS The peak of miR-34a overexpression in tubers was observed during infancy, concomitant with the presence of pathological markers, particularly in giant cells and dysmorphic neurons. miR-34a was also strongly expressed in foetal TSC cortex. Overexpression of miR-34a in mouse embryos decreased the percentage of cells migrated to the cortical plate. The transfection of miR-34a mimic in TSC astrocytes negatively regulated mTORC1 and decreased the expression of the target genes RAS related (RRAS) and NOTCH1. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-34a is most highly overexpressed in tubers during foetal and early postnatal brain development. miR-34a can negatively regulate mTORC1; however, it may also contribute to abnormal corticogenesis in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nam Suk Sim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Mark J. Luinenburg
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jasper J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeuroimmunologyNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Till S. Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Diede W. M. Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mijnsbergen
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Floor E. Jansen
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Hecke
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wim G. M. Spliet
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Peter C. van Rijen
- University Medical CenterBrain CentreRudolf Magnus Institute for NeuroscienceUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of PediatricsMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Pavel Kršek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Peter B. Crino
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and EpileptologyThe Children's Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration‐Section Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Hospitals KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anna C. Jansen
- Pediatric Neurology UnitUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Neurology and EpileptologyThe Children's Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland
- Department of Child NeurologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Paolo Curatolo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry UnitSystems Medicine DepartmentTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeong H. Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
- SoVarGen, IncDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental EpilepsyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Chalfont Centre for EpilepsyChalfont St PeterUK
| | - Erwin A. van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Center for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen NederlandHeemstedeThe Netherlands
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21
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Mo F, Pellerino A, Rudà R. Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas (SEGAs): a Model of Targeting Tumor Growth and Epilepsy. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-021-00673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Deland L, Keane S, Olsson Bontell T, Sjögren H, Fagman H, Øra I, De La Cuesta E, Tisell M, Nilsson JA, Ejeskär K, Sabel M, Abel F. Discovery of a rare GKAP1-NTRK2 fusion in a pediatric low-grade glioma, leading to targeted treatment with TRK-inhibitor larotrectinib. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:184-195. [PMID: 33820494 PMCID: PMC8043191 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1899573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a case of an 11-year-old girl with an inoperable tumor in the optic chiasm/hypothalamus, who experienced several tumor progressions despite three lines of chemotherapy treatment. Routine clinical examination classified the tumor as a BRAF-negative pilocytic astrocytoma. Copy-number variation profiling of fresh frozen tumor material identified two duplications in 9q21.32–33 leading to breakpoints within the GKAP1 and NTRK2 genes. RT-PCR Sanger sequencing revealed a GKAP1-NTRK2 exon 10–16 in-frame fusion, generating a putative fusion protein of 658 amino acids with a retained tyrosine kinase (TK) domain. Functional analysis by transient transfection of HEK293 cells showed the GKAP1-NTRK2 fusion protein to be activated through phosphorylation of the TK domain (Tyr705). Subsequently, downstream mediators of the MAPK- and PI3K-signaling pathways were upregulated in GKAP1-NTRK2 cells compared to NTRK2 wild-type; phosphorylated (p)ERK (3.6-fold), pAKT (1.8- fold), and pS6 ribosomal protein (1.4-fold). Following these findings, the patient was enrolled in a clinical trial and treated with the specific TRK-inhibitor larotrectinib, resulting in the arrest of tumor growth. The patient’s condition is currently stable and the quality of life has improved significantly. Our findings highlight the value of comprehensive clinical molecular screening of BRAF-negative pediatric low-grade gliomas, to reveal rare fusions serving as targets for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Deland
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Keane
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olsson Bontell
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helene Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Øra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,HOPE/ITCC Phase I/II Trial Unit, Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esther De La Cuesta
- Pharmaceuticals, Global Medical Affairs - Oncology, Bayer U.S., Whippany, USA
| | - Magnus Tisell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katarina Ejeskär
- Translational Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sabel
- Childhood Cancer Centre, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida Abel
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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23
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Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas are characterized by mTORC1 hyperactivation, a very low somatic mutation rate, and a unique gene expression profile. Mod Pathol 2021; 34:264-279. [PMID: 33051600 PMCID: PMC9361192 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-00659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are slow-growing brain tumors that are a hallmark feature seen in 5-10% of patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC). Though histologically benign, they can cause serious neurologic symptoms, leading to death if untreated. SEGAs consistently show biallelic loss of TSC1 or TSC2. Herein, we aimed to define other somatic events beyond TSC1/TSC2 loss and identify potential transcriptional drivers that contribute to SEGA formation. Paired tumor-normal whole-exome sequencing was performed on 21 resected SEGAs from 20 TSC patients. Pathogenic variants in TSC1/TSC2 were identified in 19/21 (90%) SEGAs. Copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (size range: 2.2-46 Mb) was seen in 76% (16/21) of SEGAs (44% chr9q and 56% chr16p). An average of 1.4 other somatic variants (range 0-7) per tumor were identified, unlikely of pathogenic significance. Whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing analyses revealed 190 common differentially expressed genes in SEGA (n = 16, 13 from a prior study) in pairwise comparison to each of: low grade diffuse gliomas (n = 530) and glioblastoma (n = 171) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium, ganglioglioma (n = 10), TSC cortical tubers (n = 15), and multiple normal tissues. Among these, homeobox transcription factors (TFs) HMX3, HMX2, VAX1, SIX3; and TFs IRF6 and EOMES were all expressed >12-fold higher in SEGAs (FDR/q-value < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry supported the specificity of IRF6, VAX1, SIX3 for SEGAs in comparison to other tumor entities and normal brain. We conclude that SEGAs have an extremely low somatic mutation rate, suggesting that TSC1/TSC2 loss is sufficient to drive tumor growth. The unique and highly expressed SEGA-specific TFs likely reflect the neuroepithelial cell of origin, and may also contribute to the transcriptional and epigenetic state that enables SEGA growth following two-hit loss of TSC1 or TSC2 and mTORC1 activation.
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Bongaarts A, de Jong JM, Broekaart DWM, van Scheppingen J, Anink JJ, Mijnsbergen C, Jansen FE, Spliet WGM, den Dunnen WFA, Gruber VE, Scholl T, Hainfellner JA, Feucht M, Borkowska J, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Grajkowska W, Buccoliero AM, Caporalini C, Giordano F, Genitori L, Scicluna BP, Schouten-van Meeteren AYN, van Vliet EA, Mühlebner A, Mills JD, Aronica E. Dysregulation of the MMP/TIMP Proteolytic System in Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Modulation of MMP by MicroRNA-320d In Vitro. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:777-790. [PMID: 32472129 PMCID: PMC7304985 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, is characterized by the growth of hamartomas in several organs. This includes the growth of low-grade brain tumors, known as subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA). Previous studies have shown differential expression of genes related to the extracellular matrix in SEGA. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are responsible for remodeling the extracellular matrix and are associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the MMP/TIMP proteolytic system in SEGA and the regulation of MMPs by microRNAs, which are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. We investigated the expression of MMPs and TIMPs using previously produced RNA-Sequencing data, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry in TSC-SEGA samples and controls. We found altered expression of several MMPs and TIMPs in SEGA compared to controls. We identified the lowly expressed miR-320d in SEGA as a potential regulator of MMPs, which can decrease MMP2 expression in human fetal astrocyte cultures. This study provides evidence of a dysregulated MMP/TIMP proteolytic system in SEGA of which MMP2 could be rescued by microRNA-320d. Therefore, further elucidating microRNA-mediated MMP regulation may provide insights into SEGA pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jody M de Jong
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mijnsbergen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (WGMS); Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (WFAdD)
| | | | - Victoria E Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julita Borkowska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Flavio Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Center for Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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25
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Zimmer TS, Broekaart DWM, Gruber VE, van Vliet EA, Mühlebner A, Aronica E. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex as Disease Model for Investigating mTOR-Related Gliopathy During Epileptogenesis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1028. [PMID: 33041976 PMCID: PMC7527496 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) represents the prototypic monogenic disorder of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway dysregulation. It provides the rational mechanistic basis of a direct link between gene mutation and brain pathology (structural and functional abnormalities) associated with a complex clinical phenotype including epilepsy, autism, and intellectual disability. So far, research conducted in TSC has been largely neuron-oriented. However, the neuropathological hallmarks of TSC and other malformations of cortical development also include major morphological and functional changes in glial cells involving astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, NG2 glia, and microglia. These cells and their interglial crosstalk may offer new insights into the common neurobiological mechanisms underlying epilepsy and the complex cognitive and behavioral comorbidities that are characteristic of the spectrum of mTOR-associated neurodevelopmental disorders. This review will focus on the role of glial dysfunction, the interaction between glia related to mTOR hyperactivity, and its contribution to epileptogenesis in TSC. Moreover, we will discuss how understanding glial abnormalities in TSC might give valuable insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms that could help to develop novel therapeutic approaches for TSC or other pathologies characterized by glial dysfunction and acquired mTOR hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, Netherlands
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