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Ren Q, Guo X, Yang D, Zhao C, Zhang X, Xia X. A wide survey of heavy metals-induced in-vitro DNA replication stress characterized by rate-limited replication. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100152. [PMID: 38327637 PMCID: PMC10848000 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) are environmental pollutants that pose a threat to human health and have been accepted to cause various diseases, including cancer and developmental disorders. DNA replication stress has been identified to be associated with such diseases. However, the effect of HMs exclusively on DNA replication stress is still not well understood. In this study, DNA replication stress induced by thirteen HMs was assessed using a simplified in-vitro DNA replication model. Two parameters, Cte/Ctc reflecting the cycle threshold value alteration and Ke/Kc reflecting the linear phase slope change, were calculated based on the DNA replication amplification curve to evaluate the rate of exponential and linear phases. These parameters were used to detect the replication rate reflecting in-vitro DNA replication stress induced by tested HMs. According to the effective concentrations and rate-limiting degree, HMs were ranked as follows: Hg, Ce > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cd > Co > Fe > Mn, Cu, Bi, Sr, Ni. Additionally, EDTA could relieve the DNA replication stress induced by some HMs. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential danger of HMs themselves on DNA replication and provides new insight into the possible links between HMs and DNA replication-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 23788 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chuanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-Toxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Wysocki R, Rodrigues JI, Litwin I, Tamás MJ. Mechanisms of genotoxicity and proteotoxicity induced by the metalloids arsenic and antimony. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:342. [PMID: 37904059 PMCID: PMC10616229 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and antimony are metalloids with profound effects on biological systems and human health. Both elements are toxic to cells and organisms, and exposure is associated with several pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. At the same time, arsenic- and antimony-containing compounds are used in the treatment of multiple diseases. Although these metalloids can both cause and cure disease, their modes of molecular action are incompletely understood. The past decades have seen major advances in our understanding of arsenic and antimony toxicity, emphasizing genotoxicity and proteotoxicity as key contributors to pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which arsenic and antimony cause toxicity, focusing on their genotoxic and proteotoxic effects. The mechanisms used by cells to maintain proteostasis during metalloid exposure are also described. Furthermore, we address how metalloid-induced proteotoxicity may promote neurodegenerative disease and how genotoxicity and proteotoxicity may be interrelated and together contribute to proteinopathies. A deeper understanding of cellular toxicity and response mechanisms and their links to pathogenesis may promote the development of strategies for both disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joana I Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ireneusz Litwin
- Academic Excellence Hub - Research Centre for DNA Repair and Replication, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Markus J Tamás
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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3
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Li C, Fu Y, Tian Y, Zang Z, Gentekaki E, Wang Z, Warren A, Li L. Comparative transcriptome and antioxidant biomarker response reveal molecular mechanisms to cope with zinc ion exposure in the unicellular eukaryote Paramecium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131364. [PMID: 37080029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of industry has resulted in excessive environmental zinc exposure which has caused various health problems in a wide range of organisms including humans. The mechanisms by which aquatic microorganisms respond to environmental zinc stress are still poorly understood. Paramecium, a well-known ciliated protozoan and a popular cell model in heavy metal stress response studies, was chosen as the test unicellular eukaryotic organism in the present research. In this work, Paramecium cf. multimicronucleatum cells were exposed in different levels of zinc ion (0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) for different periods of exposure (1 and 4 days), and then analyzed population growth, transcriptomic profiles and physiological changes in antioxidant enzymes to explore the toxicity and detoxification mechanisms during the zinc stress response. Results demonstrated that long-term zinc exposure could have restrained population growth in ciliates, however, the response mechanism to zinc exposure in ciliates is likely to show a dosage-dependent and time-dependent manner. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified the characters by high-throughput sequencing, which remarkably enriched in the phagosome, indicating that the phagosome pathway might mediate the uptake of zinc, while the pathways of ABC transporters and Na+/K+-transporting ATPase contributed to the efflux transport of excessive zinc ions and the maintenance of osmotic balance, respectively. The accumulation of zinc ions triggered a series of adverse effects, including damage to DNA and proteins, disturbance of mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. In addition, we found that gene expression changed significantly for metal ion binding, energy metabolism, and oxidation-reduction processes. RT-qPCR of ten genes involved in important biological functions further validated the results of the transcriptome analysis. We also continuously monitored changes in activity of four antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD and GSH-PX), all of which peaked on day 4 in cells subjected to zinc stress. Collectively, our results indicate that excessive environmental zinc exposure initially causes damage to cellular structure and function and then initiates detoxification mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in P. cf. multimicronucleatum cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Li
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yingxuan Tian
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Zihan Zang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Eleni Gentekaki
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Lifang Li
- Laboratory of Marine Protozoan Biodiversity and Evolution, Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China.
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4
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Scrima S, Tiberti M, Ryde U, Lambrughi M, Papaleo E. Comparison of force fields to study the zinc-finger containing protein NPL4, a target for disulfiram in cancer therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2023; 1871:140921. [PMID: 37230374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are a powerful approach to studying the structure and dynamics of proteins related to health and disease. Advances in the MD field allow modeling proteins with high accuracy. However, modeling metal ions and their interactions with proteins is still challenging. NPL4 is a zinc-binding protein and works as a cofactor for p97 to regulate protein homeostasis. NPL4 is of biomedical importance and has been proposed as the target of disulfiram, a drug recently repurposed for cancer treatment. Experimental studies proposed that the disulfiram metabolites, bis-(diethyldithiocarbamate)‑copper and cupric ions, induce NPL4 misfolding and aggregation. However, the molecular details of their interactions with NPL4 and consequent structural effects are still elusive. Here, biomolecular simulations can help to shed light on the related structural details. To apply MD simulations to NPL4 and its interaction with copper the first important step is identifying a suitable force field to describe the protein in its zinc-bound states. We examined different sets of non-bonded parameters because we want to study the misfolding mechanism and cannot rule out that the zinc may detach from the protein during the process and copper replaces it. We investigated the force-field ability to model the coordination geometry of the metal ions by comparing the results from MD simulations with optimized geometries from quantum mechanics (QM) calculations using model systems of NPL4. Furthermore, we investigated the performance of a force field including bonded parameters to treat copper ions in NPL4 that we obtained based on QM calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scrima
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matteo Tiberti
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ryde
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Chemical Centre, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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5
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Splan KE, Choi SR, Claycomb RE, Eckart-Frank IK, Nagdev S, Rodemeier ME. Disruption of zinc (II) binding and dimeric protein structure of the XIAP-RING domain by copper (I) ions. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023:10.1007/s00775-023-02002-4. [PMID: 37268744 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of metalloprotein structure and function via metal ion substitution may constitute a molecular basis for metal ion toxicity and/or metal-mediated functional control. The X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein (XIAP) is a metalloprotein that requires zinc for proper structure and function. In addition to its role as a modulator of apoptosis, XIAP has been implicated in copper homeostasis. Given the similar coordination preferences of copper and zinc, investigation of XIAP structure and function upon interaction with copper is relevant. The Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain of XIAP is representative of a class of zinc finger proteins that utilize a bi-nuclear zinc-binding motif to maintain proper structure and ubiquitin ligase function. Herein, we report the characterization of copper (I) binding to the Zn2-RING domain of XIAP. Electronic absorption studies that monitor copper-thiolate interactions demonstrate that the RING domain of XIAP binds 5-6 Cu(I) ions and that copper is thermodynamically preferred relative to zinc. Repetition of the experiments in the presence of the Zn(II)-specific dye Mag-Fura2 shows that Cu(I) addition results in Zn(II) ejection from the protein, even in the presence of glutathione. Loss of dimeric structure of the RING domain, which is a requirement for its ubiquitin ligase activity, upon copper substitution at the zinc-binding sites, was readily observed via size exclusion chromatography. These results provide a molecular basis for the modulation of RING function by copper and add to the growing body of literature that describe the impact of Cu(I) on zinc metalloprotein structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Splan
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA.
| | - Sylvia R Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Ruth E Claycomb
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Isaiah K Eckart-Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Shreya Nagdev
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Madeline E Rodemeier
- Department of Chemistry, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
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6
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Stoltzfus AT, Campbell CJ, Worth MM, Hom K, Stemmler TL, Michel SLJ. Pb(II) coordination to the nonclassical zinc finger tristetraprolin: retained function with an altered fold. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:85-100. [PMID: 36478265 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a nonclassical CCCH zinc finger (ZF) that plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation. TTP regulates cytokine mRNAs by specific binding of its two conserved ZF domains (CysX8CysX5CysX3His) to adenylate-uridylate-rich sequences (AREs) at the 3'-untranslated region, leading to degradation of the RNA. Dysregulation of TTP in animal models has demonstrated several cytokine-related syndromes, including chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders. Exposure to Pb(II), a prevalent environmental toxin, is known to contribute to similar pathologies, in part by disruption of and/or competition with cysteine-rich metalloproteins. TTP's role during stress as a ubiquitous translational regulator of cell signaling (and dysfunction), which may underpin various phenotypes of Pb(II) toxicity, highlights the importance of understanding the interaction between TTP and Pb(II). The impact of Pb(II) binding on TTP's fold and RNA-binding function was analyzed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fluorescence anisotropy. A construct containing the two ZF domains of TTP (TTP-2D) bound to Pb(II) with nanomolar affinity and exhibited a different geometry and fold in comparison to Zn2-TTP-2D. Despite the altered secondary structure, Pb(II)-substituted TTP-2D bound a canonical ARE sequence more selectively than Zn2-TTP-2D. Taken together, these data suggest that Pb(II) may interfere with proper TTP regulation and hinder the cell's ability to respond to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Stoltzfus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Courtney J Campbell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Madison M Worth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kellie Hom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Timothy L Stemmler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Sarah L J Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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7
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Speer RM, Zhou X, Volk LB, Liu KJ, Hudson LG. Arsenic and cancer: Evidence and mechanisms. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 96:151-202. [PMID: 36858772 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent carcinogen and poses a significant health concern worldwide. Exposure occurs through ingestion of drinking water and contaminated foods and through inhalation due to pollution. Epidemiological evidence shows arsenic induces cancers of the skin, lung, liver, and bladder among other tissues. While studies in animal and cell culture models support arsenic as a carcinogen, the mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis are not fully understood. Arsenic carcinogenesis is a complex process due its ability to be metabolized and because of the many cellular pathways it targets in the cell. Arsenic metabolism and the multiple forms of arsenic play distinct roles in its toxicity and contribute differently to carcinogenic endpoints, and thus must be considered. Arsenic generates reactive oxygen species increasing oxidative stress and damaging DNA and other macromolecules. Concurrently, arsenic inhibits DNA repair, modifies epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and targets protein function due its ability to replace zinc in select proteins. While these mechanisms contribute to arsenic carcinogenesis, there remain significant gaps in understanding the complex nature of arsenic cancers. In the future improving models available for arsenic cancer research and the use of arsenic induced human tumors will bridge some of these gaps in understanding arsenic driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Speer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Lindsay B Volk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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8
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Kumar A, Virender, Saini M, Mohan B, Shayoraj, Kamboj M. Colorimetric and Fluorescent Schiff Base Sensors for Trace Detection of Pollutants and Biologically Significant Cations: A Review (2010-2021). Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Stahlberger M, Steinlein O, Adam CR, Rotter M, Hohmann J, Nieger M, Köberle B, Bräse S. Fluorescent annulated imidazo[4,5- c]isoquinolines via a GBB-3CR/imidoylation sequence - DNA-interactions in pUC-19 gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3598-3604. [PMID: 35420107 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00372d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the development of a sequential synthesis route towards annulated imidazo[4,5-c]isoquinolines comprising a GBB-3CR, followed by an intramolecular imidoylative cyclisation. X-Ray crystallography revealed a flat 3D structure of the obtained polyheterocycles. Thus, we evaluated their interactions with double-stranded DNA by establishing a pUC-19 plasmid-based gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay, revealing a stabilising effect on ds-DNA against strand-break inducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stahlberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - O Steinlein
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C R Adam
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - M Rotter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - J Hohmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - M Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014, Finland
| | - B Köberle
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. .,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - IBCS-FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herman-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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10
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Montaño-González RI, Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Mojica-Villegas MA, Cristóbal-Luna JM, Briseño-Bugarín J, Chamorro-Cevallos G. Phycobiliproteins extract from Spirulina protects against single-dose cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17441-17455. [PMID: 34664174 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is known for its many toxic effects on male population such as hypogonadism and fertility difficulties, which are oftenly associated with oxidative stress. As beneficial food, Spirulina(Sp) has been proved efficient against the heavy metal toxicity. This capacity can be associated with its phycobiliproteins (PBP). In this study, the capability of PBP and Sp to treat Cd-induced oxidative damage on the testes and spermatozoa was considered. CD-1 strain mice were orally treated with either Sp or PBP for 10 days prior to single-dose Cd challenge. Sperm quality determinations and testicle histology analysis were performed. Testosterone on serum was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative damage was determined. Antioxidant enzyme activity was analyzed by measuring the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat), and glutathione peroxidase (GpX). The motility and viability of sperm decrease with Cd and improve with PBP and Sp, as the acrosomal reaction (AR) is diminished by PBPs. Testosterone levels decrease due to Cd, and only Sp maintains elevated levels. Cd increases the production of malondialdehyde in the spermatozoa, but not in testes; this production of malondialdehyde in the spermatozoa decreases in the presence of PBP. ROS only decreases with Cd, FBP, and Sp at high concentrations. Advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) decrease with Cd and PBPs. Cat and GpX increase their activity with Cd and are altered by FBP. Cd produces vascular alterations testes. Within the seminiferous tubule, it produces areas of necrosis and apoptosis, which improve with PBPs and Sp. PBPs have a strong antioxidant activity as they show protective properties against Cd oxidative-induced toxicity on testes and sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Iván Montaño-González
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de la Reproducción y fertilidad, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399. Colonia Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México, 07738, México
| | - Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan, Estado de México, 52786, México
| | - María Angélica Mojica-Villegas
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de la Reproducción y fertilidad, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399. Colonia Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México, 07738, México
| | - José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de la Reproducción y fertilidad, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399. Colonia Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México, 07738, México
| | - Jorge Briseño-Bugarín
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de la Reproducción y fertilidad, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399. Colonia Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México, 07738, México
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de la Reproducción y fertilidad, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399. Colonia Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México, 07738, México.
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11
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Danzeisen R, Jänig GR, Burzlaff A, Verberckmoes S, Adam J, Viegas V. The underlying mode of action for lung tumors in a tiered approach to the assessment of inhaled cobalt compounds. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 130:105140. [PMID: 35158000 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A mode of action (MOA) for cobalt substances based on the "International Programme on Chemical Safety Conceptual Framework for Evaluating a MOA for Chemical Carcinogenesis" is presented. The data recorded therein were generated in a tiered testing program described in the preceding papers of this special issue, as well as data from the public domain. The following parameters were included in the evaluation: solubility of cobalt substances in artificial lung fluids (bioelution), in vitro biomarkers for cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species and hypoxia mimicry, inhalation toxicity following acute exposure and repeated dose inhalation effects. Two distinct groups of cobalt substances emerged: substances inducing all effects across the MOA form one group, associated with the adverse outcome of lung cancer in rodents upon chronic exposure. Another group of cobalt substances induces no or very limited effects in the in vitro and acute testing. Higher tier testing with a representative of this group, tricobalt tetraoxide, showed a response resembling rat lung overload following exposure to high concentrations of poorly soluble particles. Based on the fundamental differences in the lower tier toxicological profile, cobalt substances with an unknown hazard profile can be assigned to either group based on lower tier testing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Danzeisen
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK.
| | - Gerd-Rüdiger Jänig
- Dr. Gerd-Rüdiger Jänig, Toxicological Consulting, 12524, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Burzlaff
- EBRC Consulting GmbH, Raffaelstr. 4, 30177, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Janine Adam
- EBRC Consulting GmbH, Raffaelstr. 4, 30177, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Viegas
- Cobalt Institute, 18 Jeffries Passage, Guildford, GU1 4AP, UK
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12
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Costa PM. Current aspects of DNA damage and repair in ecotoxicology: a mini-review. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1-11. [PMID: 34623548 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The preservation of genomic stability against environmental stressors is a major adaptive feature that is well-conserved among both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The complex and fine-tuned mechanisms that evolved to repair DNA following exposure to radiation and chemical insult are also the first line of defence against genotoxicants. Consequently, impairing the DNA damage response leads to accumulation of genomic lesions that may ultimately lead to cell death, mutagenesis and even teratogenesis and neoplasia. Understanding how pollutants affect DNA repair machinery is thus paramount to interpret the often unclear or contradictory findings from genotoxicity assessment. The main purpose of the present mini-review is to contribute to the slowly-growing awareness among ecotoxicologists that DNA damage is not limited to direct interactions of noxious compounds with the DNA molecule. Despite the limited number of studies addressing this issue in the field, special modifications of methods for genotoxicity assessment, combined with state-of-the-art molecular tools, are beginning to show promising results in the unravelling of DNA repair proteins, genes and networks in non-conventional model organisms. I will review the essentials of the most important DNA repair pathways and discuss methods and approaches that can assist steering ecotoxicologists towards a better understanding of genotoxic hazard and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516, Caparica, Portugal.
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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13
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Zhou X, Speer RM, Volk L, Hudson LG, Liu KJ. Arsenic co-carcinogenesis: Inhibition of DNA repair and interaction with zinc finger proteins. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:86-98. [PMID: 33984503 PMCID: PMC8578584 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is widely present in the environment and is associated with various population health risks including cancers. Arsenic exposure at environmentally relevant levels enhances the mutagenic effect of other carcinogens such as ultraviolet radiation. Investigation on the molecular mechanisms could inform the prevention and intervention strategies of arsenic carcinogenesis and co-carcinogenesis. Arsenic inhibition of DNA repair has been demonstrated to be an important mechanism, and certain DNA repair proteins have been identified to be extremely sensitive to arsenic exposure. This review will summarize the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis and co-carcinogenesis, including DNA damage induction and ROS generation, particularly how arsenic inhibits DNA repair through an integrated molecular mechanism which includes its interactions with sensitive zinc finger DNA repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Rachel M Speer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lindsay Volk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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14
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Quezada-Maldonado EM, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Chirino YI, García-Cuellar CM. Airborne particulate matter induces oxidative damage, DNA adduct formation and alterations in DNA repair pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117313. [PMID: 34022687 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, which includes particulate matter (PM), is classified in group 1 as a carcinogen to humans by the International Agency for Research in Cancer. Specifically, PM exposure has been associated with lung cancer in patients living in highly polluted cities. The precise mechanism by which PM is linked to cancer has not been completely described, and the genotoxicity induced by PM exposure plays a relevant role in cell damage. In this review, we aimed to analyze the types of DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair pathways induced by PM exposure, from both epidemiological and toxicological studies, to comprehend the contribution of PM exposure to carcinogenesis. Scientific evidence supports that PM exposure mainly causes oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA adducts, specifically by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PM exposure also induces double-strand breaks (DSBs) and deregulates the expression of some proteins in DNA repair pathways, precisely, base and nucleotide excision repairs and homologous repair. Furthermore, specific polymorphisms of DNA repair genes could lead to an adverse response in subjects exposed to PM. Nevertheless, information about the effects of PM on DNA repair pathways is still limited, and it has not been possible to conclude which pathways are the most affected by exposure to PM or if DNA damage is repaired properly. Therefore, deepening the study of genotoxic damage and alterations of DNA repair pathways is needed for a more precise understanding of the carcinogenic mechanism of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka Marel Quezada-Maldonado
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado Edificio B, Primer Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, CDMX, Mexico.
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15
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Influence of chromium (III), cobalt (II) and their mixtures on cell metabolic activity. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chromium (III) and cobalt (II) are necessary elements required for the proper functioning of the organism, but their excess can cause toxic effects. They are the basic components of implants and are also commonly used in medicine as components of dietary supplements, vitamin and mineral products and energy drinks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cobalt (II) and chromium (III) and their combination on BJ cells. In the study, BJ cells were exposed to CoCl2 or CrCl3 at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1400 µM, and the cytotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures was assessed by MTT reduction, LDH release and NRU assays. The outcome of this work reveals the cytotoxic effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures on BJ cells. In the cytotoxicity assays, at low concentrations of CoCl2 and CrCl3, stimulation of cell proliferation was observed. In higher concentrations, the cell viability decreased for the tested line in all the assays. During the simultaneous incubation of fibroblasts with 200 µM of CrCl3 and 1000 µM of CoCl2, antagonism was observed: chromium (III) at the concentration of 200 µM induced protection from cobalt (II) toxicity; in the case of interaction of chromium chloride at 1000 µm and cobalt chloride at 200 µM, the protective effect of CrCl3 on CoCl2 was not observed. In the latter case, synergism between these elements was noted. Our work indicates that cobalt (II) and chromium (III) show cytotoxic properties. These metals have a destructive effect on the cell membrane, lysosomes and mitochondria, which leads to disorders of cell metabolism.
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16
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Manceau A, Nagy KL, Glatzel P, Bourdineaud JP. Acute Toxicity of Divalent Mercury to Bacteria Explained by the Formation of Dicysteinate and Tetracysteinate Complexes Bound to Proteins in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3612-3623. [PMID: 33629845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are the most abundant organisms on Earth and also the major life form affected by mercury (Hg) poisoning in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. In this study, we applied high energy-resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure (HR-XANES) spectroscopy to bacteria with intracellular concentrations of Hg as low as 0.7 ng/mg (ppm) for identifying the intracellular molecular forms and trafficking pathways of Hg in bacteria at environmentally relevant concentrations. Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli were exposed to three Hg species: HgCl2, Hg-dicysteinate (Hg(Cys)2), and Hg-dithioglycolate (Hg(TGA)2). In all cases, Hg was transformed into new two- and four-coordinate cysteinate complexes, interpreted to be bound, respectively, to the consensus metal-binding CXXC motif and zinc finger domains of proteins, with glutathione acting as a transfer ligand. Replacement of zinc cofactors essential to gene regulatory proteins with Hg would inhibit vital functions such as DNA transcription and repair and is suggested to be a main cause of Hg genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Manceau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Kathryn L Nagy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC-186, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5234, 2 rue Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
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17
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Signaling interplay between PARP1 and ROS regulates stress-induced cell death and developmental changes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Neville SL, Eijkelkamp BA, Lothian A, Paton JC, Roberts BR, Rosch JW, McDevitt CA. Cadmium stress dictates central carbon flux and alters membrane composition in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Commun Biol 2020; 3:694. [PMID: 33214631 PMCID: PMC7678824 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal ion homeostasis is essential for all forms of life. However, the breadth of intracellular impacts that arise upon dysregulation of metal ion homeostasis remain to be elucidated. Here, we used cadmium, a non-physiological metal ion, to investigate how the bacterial pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae, resists metal ion stress and dyshomeostasis. By combining transcriptomics, metabolomics and metalloproteomics, we reveal that cadmium stress dysregulates numerous essential cellular pathways including central carbon metabolism, lipid membrane biogenesis and homeostasis, and capsule production at the transcriptional and/or functional level. Despite the breadth of cellular pathways susceptible to metal intoxication, we show that S. pneumoniae is able to maintain viability by utilizing cellular pathways that are predominately metal-independent, such as the pentose phosphate pathway to maintain energy production. Collectively, this work provides insight into the cellular processes impacted by cadmium and how resistance to metal ion toxicity is achieved in S. pneumoniae. Neville et al. investigate how Streptococcus pneumoniae mitigates metal ion stress. Despite cadmium induced dysregulation of central carbon metabolism and lipid membrane homeostasis, they find that S. pneumoniae can remain viable by selectively utilizing predominately metal-independent cellular pathways. This study provides insights into how bacteria overcome metal ion toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Neville
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bart A Eijkelkamp
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Amber Lothian
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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19
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The Reactions of H 2O 2 and GSNO with the Zinc Finger Motif of XPA. Not A Regulatory Mechanism, But No Synergy with Cadmium Toxicity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25184177. [PMID: 32932594 PMCID: PMC7570819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathiolate zinc fingers are potential targets of oxidative assault under cellular stress conditions. We used the synthetic 37-residue peptide representing the tetrathiolate zinc finger domain of the DNA repair protein XPA, acetyl-DYVICEECGKEFMSYLMNHFDLPTCDNCRDADDKHK-amide (XPAzf) as a working model to study the reaction of its Zn(II) complex (ZnXPAzf) with hydrogen peroxide and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), as oxidative and nitrosative stress agents, respectively. We also used the Cd(II) substituted XPAzf (CdXPAzf) to assess the situation of cadmium assault, which is accompanied by oxidative stress. Using electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), HPLC, and UV-vis and circular dichroism spectroscopies we demonstrated that even very low levels of H2O2 and GSNO invariably cause irreversible thiol oxidation and concomitant Zn(II) release from ZnXPAzf. In contrast, CdXPAzf was more resistant to oxidation, demonstrating the absence of synergy between cadmium and oxidative stresses. Our results indicate that GSNO cannot act as a reversible modifier of XPA, and rather has a deleterious effect on DNA repair.
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20
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Barreto A, Dias A, Duarte B, Pinto E, Almeida A, Trindade T, Soares AMVM, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. Biological effects and bioaccumulation of gold in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) - Nano versus ionic form. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137026. [PMID: 32036137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether gold (Au) is more toxic as nanoparticles or in its ionic form remains unclear and controversial. The present work aimed to clarify the effects of 96 h exposure to 4, 80 and 1600 μg·L-1 of 7 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) - (citrate coated (cAuNPs) or polyvinylpyrrolidone coated (PVP-AuNPs)) - and ionic Au (iAu) on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Effects at different levels of biological organization (behaviour, neurotransmission, biotransformation, oxidative stress/damage and genotoxicity) were assessed. cAuNPs induced oxidative stress and damage (lipid peroxidation increase), even at 4 μg·L-1, and reduced the ability of S. aurata to swim against a water flow at 1600 μg·L-1. Exposure to cAuNPs induced more adverse effects than exposure to PVP-AuNPs. All tested concentrations of Au (nano or ionic form) induced DNA breaks and cytogenetic damage in erythrocytes of S. aurata. Generally, iAu induced significantly more effects in fish than the nano form, probably associated with the significantly higher accumulation in the fish tissues. No fish mortality was observed following exposure to AuNPs, but mortality was observed in the group exposed to 1600 μg·L-1 of iAu.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barreto
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A Dias
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - B Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, P.Porto. CISA/Research Center in Environment and Health, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - T Trindade
- Departamento de Química & CICECO, Aveiro Instituto de Materiais, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - S Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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21
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Banerjee M, Ferragut Cardoso AP, Lykoudi A, Wilkey DW, Pan J, Watson WH, Garbett NC, Rai SN, Merchant ML, States JC. Arsenite Exposure Displaces Zinc from ZRANB2 Leading to Altered Splicing. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1403-1417. [PMID: 32274925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic, a class I carcinogen, affects 200 million people globally. Skin is the major target organ, but the molecular etiology of arsenic-induced skin carcinogenesis remains unclear. Arsenite (As3+)-induced disruption of alternative splicing could be involved, but the mechanism is unknown. Zinc finger proteins play key roles in alternative splicing. As3+ can displace zinc (Zn2+) from C3H1 and C4 zinc finger motifs (zfm's), affecting protein function. ZRANB2, an alternative splicing regulator with two C4 zfm's integral to its structure and splicing function, was chosen as a candidate for this study. We hypothesized that As3+ could displace Zn2+ from ZRANB2, altering its structure, expression, and splicing function. As3+/Zn2+ binding and mutual displacement experiments were performed with synthetic apo-peptides corresponding to each ZRANB2 zfm, employing a combination of intrinsic fluorescence, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, zinc colorimetric assay, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ZRANB2 expression in HaCaT cells acutely exposed to As3+ (0 or 5 μM, 0-72 h; or 0-5 μM, 6 h) was examined by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. ZRANB2-dependent splicing of TRA2B mRNA, a known ZRANB2 target, was monitored by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. As3+ bound to, as well as displaced Zn2+ from, each zfm. Also, Zn2+ displaced As3+ from As3+-bound zfm's acutely, albeit transiently. As3+ exposure induced ZRANB2 protein expression between 3 and 24 h and at all exposures tested but not ZRANB2 mRNA expression. ZRANB2-directed TRA2B splicing was impaired between 3 and 24 h post-exposure. Furthermore, ZRANB2 splicing function was also compromised at all As3+ exposures, starting at 100 nm. We conclude that As3+ exposure displaces Zn2+ from ZRANB2 zfm's, changing its structure and compromising splicing of its targets, and increases ZRANB2 protein expression as a homeostatic response both at environmental/toxicological exposures and therapeutically relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukh Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Ana P Ferragut Cardoso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Angeliki Lykoudi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Daniel W Wilkey
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Walter H Watson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Nichola C Garbett
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.,Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States.,Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
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22
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Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in contaminated drinking water is an emerging public health problem that impacts more than 200 million people worldwide. Accumulating lines of evidence from epidemiological studies revealed that chronic exposure to arsenic can result in various human diseases including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Arsenic is also classified as a Group I human carcinogen. In this review, we survey extensively different modes of action for arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, with focus being placed on arsenic-mediated impairment of DNA repair pathways. Inorganic arsenic can be bioactivated by methylation, and the ensuing products are highly genotoxic. Bioactivation of arsenicals also elicits the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which can directly damage DNA and modify cysteine residues in proteins. Results from recent studies suggest zinc finger proteins as crucial molecular targets for direct binding to As3+ or for modifications by arsenic-induced ROS/RNS, which may constitute a common mechanism underlying arsenic-induced perturbations of DNA repair.
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23
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Padjasek M, Maciejczyk M, Nowakowski M, Kerber O, Pyrka M, Koźmiński W, Krężel A. Metal Exchange in the Interprotein Zn II -Binding Site of the Rad50 Hook Domain: Structural Insights into Cd II -Induced DNA-Repair Inhibition. Chemistry 2020; 26:3297-3313. [PMID: 31846102 PMCID: PMC7155053 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CdII is a major genotoxic agent that readily displaces ZnII in a multitude of zinc proteins, abrogates redox homeostasis, and deregulates cellular metalloproteome. To date, this displacement has been described mostly for cysteine(Cys)-rich intraprotein binding sites in certain zinc finger domains and metallothioneins. To visualize how a ZnII -to-CdII swap can affect the target protein's status and thus understand the molecular basis of CdII -induced genotoxicity an intermolecular ZnII -binding site from the crucial DNA repair protein Rad50 and its zinc hook domain were examined. By using a length-varied peptide base, ZnII -to-CdII displacement in Rad50's hook domain is demonstrated to alter it in a bimodal fashion: 1) CdII induces around a two-orders-of-magnitude stabilization effect (log K 12 Zn II =20.8 vs. log K 12 Cd II =22.7), which defines an extremely high affinity of a peptide towards a metal ion, and 2) the displacement disrupts the overall assembly of the domain, as shown by NMR spectroscopic and anisotropy decay data. Based on the results, a new model explaining the molecular mechanism of CdII genotoxicity that underlines CdII 's impact on Rad50's dimer stability and quaternary structure that could potentially result in abrogation of the major DNA damage response pathway is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Padjasek
- Department of Chemical BiologyFaculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of WrocławJoliot-Curie 14a50-383WrocławPoland
| | - Maciej Maciejczyk
- Department of Physics and BiophysicsFaculty of Food ScienceUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOczapowskiego 410-719OlsztynPoland
| | - Michał Nowakowski
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Olga Kerber
- Department of Chemical BiologyFaculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of WrocławJoliot-Curie 14a50-383WrocławPoland
| | - Maciej Pyrka
- Department of Physics and BiophysicsFaculty of Food ScienceUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOczapowskiego 410-719OlsztynPoland
| | - Wiktor Koźmiński
- Faculty of ChemistryBiological and Chemical Research CenterUniversity of WarsawŻwirki i Wigury 10102-089WarsawPoland
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical BiologyFaculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of WrocławJoliot-Curie 14a50-383WrocławPoland
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24
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Zhang AL, Chen L, Ma L, Ding XJ, Tang SF, Zhang AH, Li J. Role of H3K18ac-regulated nucleotide excision repair-related genes in arsenic-induced DNA damage and repair of HaCaT cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1168-1177. [PMID: 32031413 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120903482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental poison and is a grade I human carcinogen that can cause many types of damage to the body. The skin is one of the main target organs of arsenic damage, but the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic poisoning are not clear. Arsenic is an epigenetic agent. Histone acetylation is one of the earliest covalent modifications to be discovered and is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. To investigate the role of acetylated histone H3K18 (H3K18 ac) in arsenic-induced DNA damage, HaCaT cells were exposed to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) for 24 h. It was found that arsenic induced the downregulation of xeroderma pigmentosum A, D, and F (XPA, XPD, and XPF-nucleotide excision repair (NER)-related genes) expression, as well as histone H3K18 ac expression, and aggravated DNA damage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) analysis showed that H3K18 acetylation in the promoter regions of XPA, XPD, and XPF was downregulated. In addition, the use of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) partially inhibited arsenic-induced DNA damage, inhibited deacetylation of H3K18 ac in the promoter regions of XPA, XPD, and XPF genes, increased acetylation of H3K18, and promoted the transcriptional expression of NER-related genes. Our study revealed that NaAsO2 induces DNA damage and inhibits the expression of NER-related genes, while TSA increases the H3K18 ac enrichment level and promotes the transcriptional expression of NER, thereby inhibiting DNA damage. These findings provide new ideas for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - L Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - L Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - X J Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - S F Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - A H Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - J Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Sinkakarimi MH, Solgi E, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A. Subcellular partitioning of cadmium and lead in Eisenia fetida and their effects to sperm count, morphology and apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 187:109827. [PMID: 31655413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms and their biomarkers are considered good indicators for assessing the effects of toxic chemicals. Therefore, in this study, we exposed Eisenia fetida to lethal and sub-lethal concentrations of Cd and Pb nitrate in artificial soil for 14 and 28 days to evaluate the impact on subcellular partitioning, lethal toxicity (LC50), growth, sperm count, morphology and apoptosis (using TUNEL assay). The soluble internal pools of both metals were good predictors of the responses of biomarkers. We found sperm deformation, TUNEL positive sperms and weight loss positively and sperm count negatively correlated with the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the total internal and cytosolic fraction (p < 0.01) and to a lesser extent with Pb concentrations in the granular fraction (p < 0.05). Fourteen days LC50 for Cd and Pb were 2169 ± 322 and 6387 ± 904 μg/g, respectively. Cadmium and Pb caused a significant depression in sperm count after 14 (Cd: up to 46.9%; Pb: up to 36.24%) and 28 (Cd: up to 72.47%; Pb: up to 43.12%) days of exposure relative to the control (p < 0.05). Cadmium induced higher abnormality in sperm heads than Pb. For both metals, TUNEL positive sperms significantly increased after 14 (Cd: up to 14.17%; Pb: up to 16.33%) and 28 (Cd: up to 16.33%; Pb: up to 11.67%) days of exposure compared with the control (p < 0.05). The findings of this study, illustrate the importance of considering sperm parameters as a rapid, easy and sensitive biomarker for the evaluation of metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Sinkakarimi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, Malayer University, 95863-65719, Malayer, Iran
| | - Eisa Solgi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environment, Malayer University, 95863-65719, Malayer, Iran
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Mojica-Vázquez LH, Madrigal-Zarraga D, García-Martínez R, Boube M, Calderón-Segura ME, Oyallon J. Mercury chloride exposure induces DNA damage, reduces fertility, and alters somatic and germline cells in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32322-32332. [PMID: 31598926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury exposure has been shown to affect the reproductive system in many organisms, although the molecular mechanisms are still elusive. In the present study, we exposed Drosophila melanogaster Canton-S adult females to concentrations of 0 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.3 mM, 3 mM, and 30 mM of mercury chloride (HgCl2) for 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h to determine how mercury could affect fertility. Alkaline assays performed on dissected ovaries showed that mercury induced DNA damage that is not only dose-dependent but also time-dependent. All ovaries treated for 72 h have incorporated mercury and exhibit size reduction. Females treated with 30 mM HgCl2, the highest dose, had atrophied ovaries and exhibited a drastic 7-fold reduction in egg laying. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that exposure to HgCl2 disrupts germinal and somatic cell organization in the germarium and leads to the aberrant expression of a germline-specific gene in somatic follicle cells in developing egg chambers. Together, these results highlight the potential long-term impact of mercury on germline and ovarian cells that might involve gene deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Humberto Mojica-Vázquez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Diana Madrigal-Zarraga
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rocío García-Martínez
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Muriel Boube
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI)-CBD, UMR5547 CNRS/Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - María Elena Calderón-Segura
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Justine Oyallon
- Genotoxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, Mexico.
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Yaprak E, Yolcubal İ. Presence of Toxic Heavy Metals in Platelet-Rich Fibrin: a Pilot Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 191:363-369. [PMID: 30895450 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is widely used blood-derived biomaterial which is directly applied to the surgical wounds. Depending on its autologous origin, PRF is thought as a safe material. However, it is not known to what extent the blood-derived toxins can be found in the PRF by considering the systemic exposure rates of the individuals to the toxins. The aim of this pilot study was to test the hypothesis whether PRF contains any blood-origin heavy metals (HMs) and smoking increases their concentrations as an environmental HM source. PRF samples were obtained from systemically healthy 30 non-smoker and 30 smoker volunteers. All liquid and dry fibrin parts of the PRF samples were analyzed in terms of 15 toxic elements using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. All analyzed HMs were detected in all investigated PRF samples within various concentrations in both groups. In addition, significantly high levels of cadmium, arsenic, lead, manganese, nickel, chromium, and vanadium were detected in dry fibrin matrices of PRF samples of smokers comparing with non-smokers (p < 0.05). Only cadmium was at significantly high levels in the liquid part of PRF samples of smokers (p < 0.05). This is the first study evaluating toxic ingredients of PRF. The results revealed that PRF contains various toxic HMs. Additionally, systemic exposure to environmental HM sources such as smoking may significantly increase HM concentrations in PRF. Further studies are required to investigate the transmission potentials of HMs to the applied tissues and biological importance of PRF-origin HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yaprak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Yuvacik, Basiskele, 41190, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - İrfan Yolcubal
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Tweats D, Eastmond DA, Lynch AM, Elhajouji A, Froetschl R, Kirsch-Volders M, Marchetti F, Masumura K, Pacchierotti F, Schuler M. Role of aneuploidy in the carcinogenic process: Part 3 of the report of the 2017 IWGT workgroup on assessing the risk of aneugens for carcinogenesis and hereditary diseases. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 847:403032. [PMID: 31699349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is regarded as a hallmark of cancer, however, its role is complex with both pro- and anti-carcinogenic effects evident. In this IWGT review, we consider the role of aneuploidy in cancer biology; cancer risk associated with constitutive aneuploidy; rodent carcinogenesis with known chemical aneugens; and chemotherapy-related malignant neoplasms. Aneuploidy is seen at various stages in carcinogenesis. However, the relationship between induced aneuploidy occurring after exposure and clonal aneuploidy present in tumours is not clear. Recent evidence indicates that the induction of chromosomal instability (CIN), may be more important than aneuploidy per se, in the carcinogenic process. Down Syndrome, trisomy 21, is associated with altered hematopoiesis in utero which, in combination with subsequent mutations, results in an increased risk for acute megakaryoblastic and lymphoblastic leukemias. In contrast, there is reduced cancer risk for most solid tumours in Down Syndrome. Mouse models with high levels of aneuploidy are also associated with increased cancer risk for particular tumours with long latencies, but paradoxically other types of tumour often show decreased incidence. The aneugens reviewed that induce cancer in humans and animals all possess other carcinogenic properties, such as mutagenicity, clastogenicity, cytotoxicity, organ toxicities, hormonal and epigenetic changes which likely account for, or interact with aneuploidy, to cause carcinogenesis. Although the role that aneuploidy plays in carcinogenesis has not been fully established, in many cases, it may not play a primary causative role. Tubulin-disrupting aneugens that do not possess other properties linked to carcinogenesis, were not carcinogenic in rodents. Similarly, in humans, for the tubulin-disrupting aneugens colchicine and albendazole, there is no reported association with increased cancer risk. There is a need for further mechanistic studies on agents that induce aneuploidy, particularly by mechanisms other than tubulin disruption and to determine the role of aneuploidy in pre-neoplastic events and in early and late stage neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenichi Masumura
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Health Protection Technology Division, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, ENEA, CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy
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Alekseenko SI, Skalny AV, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya MG, Notova SV, Tinkov AA. Mucociliary transport as a link between chronic rhinosinusitis and trace element dysbalance. Med Hypotheses 2019; 127:5-10. [PMID: 31088648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronis rhinosinusitis is considered as a widespread public health issue with a prevalence of 10%. The disease significantly reduces quality of life and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as certain forms of cancer. Alteration of mucociliary clearance frequently observed in the patients and plays a significant role in disease pathogenesis. Certain studies have demonstrated that patients with chronic rhinosinusitis are characterized by significant reduction of essential trace elements and toxic metal overload. However, the particular mechanisms of the role of trace element dysbalance in chronic rhinosinusitis are unclear. We hypothesize that exposure to toxic trace elements (arsenic, nickel, cadmium) damages ciliary mucosal epithelium thus affecting mucociliary transport. In turn, altered mucociliary transport results in reduced removal of the inhaled metal-containing particles from nasal mucosa leading to their absorption and further aggravation of toxicity. Essential trace elements (zinc, selenium) play a significant role in regulation of mucociliary transport and immunity, thus their deficiency (either dietary or due to antagonism with toxic metals) may be associated with impaired functions and increased toxic metal toxicity. Therefore, a vicious circle involving metal accumulation and toxicity, essential element deficiency, impairment of mucociliary transport and metal particle removal, resulting in further accumulation of metals and aggravation of toxic effects is formed. The present hypothesis is supported by the findings on the impact of trace elements especially zinc and arsenic on mucociliary clearance, the role of mucociliary transport in heavy metal particles elimination from the airways, trace element dysbalance in chronic rhinosinusitis, as well as toxic and essential metal antagonism. The data from hypothesis testing and its verification may be used for development of therapeutic approach for management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Particularly, the use of essential elements (zinc, selenium) may reduce toxic metal toxicity thus destroying the vicious circle of heavy metal exposure, toxicity, alteration of mucociliary clearance, and aggravation of chronic rhinosinusitis. Essential element supplementation may be considered as a tool for management of chronic refractory rhinosinusitis. In addition, analysis of essential and toxic trace element status may provide an additional diagnostic approach to risk assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis in highly polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I Alekseenko
- K. A. Raukhfuss Children's Municipal Multidisciplinary Clinical Center of High Medical Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia; Mechnikov North-West State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Notova
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agro-technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia; Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Wei S, Zhang H, Tao S. A review of arsenic exposure and lung cancer. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:319-327. [PMID: 31160966 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00298c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a well-established human carcinogen, arsenic has increased the risk of lung cancer over the past decades. Wide exposure to arsenic in the environment has attracted the attention of scientists. Its carcinogenicity at early life stages has been observed in certain animal studies already, yet current evidence is insufficient to extrapolate this to humans. Although the mechanisms of lung cancer induced by arsenic remain unclear, most of them are related to the biotransformation of arsenic, which would further provide target sites for precaution and therapy. This review comprehensively summarizes current studies associated to arsenic exposure and lung cancer and the mechanism of its carcinogenesis in lung cancer in three sections, namely, epidemiological studies, experimental studies, and mechanistic studies. In addition, prevention and treatment strategies as well as directions for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wei
- School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China . ; ; Tel: +86-512-65698540
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China . ; ; Tel: +86-512-65698540
| | - Shasha Tao
- School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , 199 Ren'ai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China . ; ; Tel: +86-512-65698540.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease , School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , PR China
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Namazbaeva Z, Battakova S, Ibrayeva L, Sabirov Z. Change in metabolic and cognitive state among people of the Aral zone of ecological disaster. Isr J Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/22244662-20181035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors in Aral Sea region include toxic metals that competitively interact with essential elements influencing their metabolism, affecting metabolic and cognitive functions. According to epidemiological data, cerebrovascular disease and thyroid function abnormality are the leading disorders. Cognitive and metabolic disorders are considered as risk factors in cerebrovascular diseases. Thus, the objective of current work was to determine the metabolic and cognitive state of people in Aralsk, associated with an imbalance of essential trace elements and find correlation between toxic metals load and psychoemotional status. 275 people between the ages of 21 and 45 years were involved. In evaluating cognitive state, a decrease in short-term memory for numbers and an increase in depression among subjects was found. An inverse correlation between the copper level in blood and short-term memory for numbers, between depression and iodine level in blood, between the zinc level in blood and the “attentional capacity” was also found. The results showed a significant metabolic stress among subjects during adaptation to a high chemical load. Data represent a cross-sectional age-dependent review of metabolic and cognitive processes and microelement metabolism among population, living in the Aral Sea region for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulkiya Namazbaeva
- a Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity “National Centre of Labour Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Sharbanu Battakova
- a Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity “National Centre of Labour Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyazat Ibrayeva
- a Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity “National Centre of Labour Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
- b Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity, Karaganda State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanbol Sabirov
- a Republican State Governmental Enterprise with the right of commercial activity “National Centre of Labour Hygiene and Occupational Diseases”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
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32
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Kluska K, Adamczyk J, Krężel A. Metal binding properties, stability and reactivity of zinc fingers. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sobolewski M, Conrad K, Marvin E, Allen JL, Cory-Slechta DA. Endocrine active metals, prenatal stress and enhanced neurobehavioral disruption. Horm Behav 2018; 101:36-49. [PMID: 29355495 PMCID: PMC5970043 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metals, including lead (Pb), methylmercury (MeHg) and arsenic (As), are long-known developmental neurotoxicants. More recently, environmental context has been recognized to modulate metals toxicity, including nutritional state and stress exposure. Modulation of metal toxicity by stress exposure can occur through shared targeting of endocrine systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). Our previous rodent research has identified that prenatal stress (PS) modulates neurotoxicity of two endocrine active metals (EAMs), Pb and MeHg, by altering HPA and CNS systems disrupting behavior. Here, we review this research and further test the hypothesis that prenatal stress modulates metals neurotoxicity by expanding to test the effect of developmental As ± PS exposure. Serum corticosterone and behavior was assessed in offspring of dams exposed to As ± PS. PS increased female offspring serum corticosterone at birth, while developmental As exposure decreased adult serum corticosterone in both sexes. As + PS induced reductions in locomotor activity in females and reduced response rates on a Fixed Interval schedule of reinforcement in males, with the latter suggesting unique learning deficits only in the combined exposure. As-exposed males showed increased time in the open arms of an elevated plus maze and decreased novel object recognition whereas females did not. These data further confirm the hypothesis that combined exposure to chemical (EAMs) and non-chemical (PS) stressors results in enhanced neurobehavioral toxicity. Given that humans are exposed to multiple environmental risk factors that alter endocrine function in development, such models are critical for risk assessment and public health protection, particularly for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sobolewski
- Dept. of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States. marissa:
| | - Katherine Conrad
- Dept. of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Elena Marvin
- Dept. of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Joshua L Allen
- Dept. of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Dept. of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, United States
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Strauch BM, Niemand RK, Winkelbeiner NL, Hartwig A. Comparison between micro- and nanosized copper oxide and water soluble copper chloride: interrelationship between intracellular copper concentrations, oxidative stress and DNA damage response in human lung cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:28. [PMID: 28764715 PMCID: PMC5540434 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nano- and microscale copper oxide particles (CuO NP, CuO MP) are applied for manifold purposes, enhancing exposure and thus the potential risk of adverse health effects. Based on the pronounced in vitro cytotoxicity of CuO NP, systematic investigations on the mode of action are required. Therefore, the impact of CuO NP, CuO MP and CuCl2 on the DNA damage response on transcriptional level was investigated by quantitative gene expression profiling via high-throughput RT-qPCR. Cytotoxicity, copper uptake and the impact on the oxidative stress response, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis were further analysed on the functional level. RESULTS Cytotoxicity of CuO NP was more pronounced when compared to CuO MP and CuCl2 in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Uptake studies revealed an intracellular copper overload in the soluble fractions of both cytoplasm and nucleus, reaching up to millimolar concentrations in case of CuO NP and considerably lower levels in case of CuO MP and CuCl2. Moreover, CuCl2 caused copper accumulation in the nucleus only at cytotoxic concentrations. Gene expression analysis in BEAS-2B and A549 cells revealed a strong induction of uptake-related metallothionein genes, oxidative stress-sensitive and pro-inflammatory genes, anti-oxidative defense-associated genes as well as those coding for the cell cycle inhibitor p21 and the pro-apoptotic Noxa and DR5. While DNA damage inducible genes were activated, genes coding for distinct DNA repair factors were down-regulated. Modulation of gene expression was most pronounced in case of CuO NP as compared to CuO MP and CuCl2 and more distinct in BEAS-2B cells. GSH depletion and activation of Nrf2 in HeLa S3 cells confirmed oxidative stress induction, mainly restricted to CuO NP. Also, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction were most distinct for CuO NP. CONCLUSIONS The high cytotoxicity and marked impact on gene expression by CuO NP can be ascribed to the strong intracellular copper ion release, with subsequent copper accumulation in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Modulation of gene expression by CuO NP appeared to be primarily oxidative stress-related and was more pronounced in redox-sensitive BEAS-2B cells. Regarding CuCl2, relevant modulations of gene expression were restricted to cytotoxic concentrations provoking impaired copper homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Maria Strauch
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rebecca Katharina Niemand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicola Lisa Winkelbeiner
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences, Adenauerring 20a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Jiang J, Bellani M, Li L, Wang P, Seidman MM, Wang Y. Arsenite Binds to the RING Finger Domain of FANCL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase and Inhibits DNA Interstrand Crosslink Repair. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1858-1866. [PMID: 28535027 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to be associated with the development of bladder, lung, kidney, and skin cancers. The molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenic effects of arsenic species remain incompletely understood. DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) are among the most cytotoxic type of DNA lesions that block DNA replication and transcription, and these lesions can be induced by endogenous metabolism and by exposure to exogenous agents. Fanconi anemia (FA) is a congenital disorder manifested with elevated sensitivity toward DNA interstrand cross-linking agents, and monoubiquitination of FANCD2 by FANCL is a crucial step in FA-mediated DNA repair. Here, we demonstrated that As3+ could bind to the PHD/RING finger domain of FANCL in vitro and in cells. This binding led to compromised ubiquitination of FANCD2 in cells and diminished recruitment of FANCD2 to chromatin and DNA damage sites induced by 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen plus UVA irradiation. Furthermore, clonogenic survival assay results showed that arsenite coexposure rendered cells more sensitive toward DNA interstrand cross-linking agents. Together, our study suggested that arsenite may compromise genomic stability via perturbation of the Fanconi anemia pathway, thereby conferring its carcinogenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Bellani
- Laboratory
of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | | | | | - Michael M. Seidman
- Laboratory
of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Cadmium(II) inhibition of human uracil-DNA glycosylase by catalytic water supplantation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39137. [PMID: 27974818 PMCID: PMC5156901 DOI: 10.1038/srep39137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic metals are known to inhibit DNA repair but the underlying mechanisms of inhibition are still not fully understood. DNA repair enzymes such as human uracil-DNA glycosylase (hUNG) perform the initial step in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. In this work, we showed that cadmium [Cd(II)], a known human carcinogen, inhibited all activity of hUNG at 100 μM. Computational analyses based on 2 μs equilibrium, 1.6 μs steered molecular dynamics (SMD), and QM/MM MD determined that Cd(II) ions entered the enzyme active site and formed close contacts with both D145 and H148, effectively replacing the catalytic water normally found in this position. Geometry refinement by density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that Cd(II) formed a tetrahedral structure with D145, P146, H148, and one water molecule. This work for the first time reports Cd(II) inhibition of hUNG which was due to replacement of the catalytic water by binding the active site D145 and H148 residues. Comparison of the proposed metal binding site to existing structural data showed that D145:H148 followed a general metal binding motif favored by Cd(II). The identified motif offered structural insights into metal inhibition of other DNA repair enzymes and glycosylases.
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A new click-derived tripodal receptor for fluorescence recognition of Ni2+ in aqueous solution. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Huestis J, Zhou X, Chen L, Feng C, Hudson LG, Liu KJ. Kinetics and thermodynamics of zinc(II) and arsenic(III) binding to XPA and PARP-1 zinc finger peptides. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:45-52. [PMID: 27521476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of DNA repair is an established mechanism of arsenic co-carcinogenesis, and may be perpetuated by the binding of As(III) to key zinc finger (zf) DNA repair proteins. Validated molecular targets of As(III) include the first zinc finger domain of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1), and the zinc finger domain of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group A (XPA). In order to gain an understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the interaction of As(III) with these two zinc finger motifs, a fluorescence based approach was used to investigate Zn(II) and As(III) binding to synthetic model peptides corresponding to the zf motif of XPA and first zf motif of PARP-1, referred to in this paper as XPAzf and PARP-1zf-1, respectively. While XPAzf and PARP-1zf-1 display similar relative affinities for As(III), PARP-1zf-1 shows a potential kinetic advantage over XPAzf for As(III) binding, with a rate constant for the fast phase of formation of As(III)-PARP-1zf-1 approximately 4-fold higher than for As(III)-XPAzf. However, the binding of Zn(II) with either peptide proceeds at a faster rate than As(III). Notably, XPAzf demonstrates comparable affinities for binding both metals, while PARP-1zf-1 shows a slightly higher affinity for Zn(II), suggesting that the relative concentrations of Zn(II) and As(III) in a system may significantly influence which species predominates in zinc finger occupancy. These results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying interactions between zinc finger structures and As(III), and highlight the potential utility of zinc supplementation in mitigating adverse effects of As(III) on zinc finger functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Huestis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Changjian Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Triantaphyllopoulos KA, Ikonomopoulos I, Bannister AJ. Epigenetics and inheritance of phenotype variation in livestock. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016. [PMID: 27446239 DOI: 10.1186/s13072‐016‐0081‐5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic inheritance plays a crucial role in many biological processes, such as gene expression in early embryo development, imprinting and the silencing of transposons. It has recently been established that epigenetic effects can be inherited from one generation to the next. Here, we review examples of epigenetic mechanisms governing animal phenotype and behaviour, and we discuss the importance of these findings in respect to animal studies, and livestock in general. Epigenetic parameters orchestrating transgenerational effects, as well as heritable disorders, and the often-overlooked areas of livestock immunity and stress, are also discussed. We highlight the importance of nutrition and how it is linked to epigenetic alteration. Finally, we describe how our understanding of epigenetics is underpinning the latest cancer research and how this can be translated into directed efforts to improve animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Triantaphyllopoulos
- Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ikonomopoulos
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew J Bannister
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
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Triantaphyllopoulos KA, Ikonomopoulos I, Bannister AJ. Epigenetics and inheritance of phenotype variation in livestock. Epigenetics Chromatin 2016; 9:31. [PMID: 27446239 PMCID: PMC4955263 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-016-0081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic inheritance plays a crucial role in many biological processes, such as gene expression in early embryo development, imprinting and the silencing of transposons. It has recently been established that epigenetic effects can be inherited from one generation to the next. Here, we review examples of epigenetic mechanisms governing animal phenotype and behaviour, and we discuss the importance of these findings in respect to animal studies, and livestock in general. Epigenetic parameters orchestrating transgenerational effects, as well as heritable disorders, and the often-overlooked areas of livestock immunity and stress, are also discussed. We highlight the importance of nutrition and how it is linked to epigenetic alteration. Finally, we describe how our understanding of epigenetics is underpinning the latest cancer research and how this can be translated into directed efforts to improve animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A. Triantaphyllopoulos
- />Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ikonomopoulos
- />Department of Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew J. Bannister
- />Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN UK
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Diagnosis of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Groups A and C by Detection of Two Prevalent Mutations in West Algerian Population: A Rapid Genotyping Tool for the Frequent XPC Mutation c.1643_1644delTG. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2180946. [PMID: 27413738 PMCID: PMC4931069 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2180946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Considering that XP patients have a defect of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway which enables them to repair DNA damage caused by UV light, they have an increased risk of developing skin and eyes cancers. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the prevalent XPA and XPC genes mutations—nonsense mutation (c.682C>T, p.Arg228X) and a two-base-pair (2 bp) deletion (c.1643_1644delTG or p.Val548Ala fsX25), respectively—in 19 index cases from 19 unrelated families in the West of Algeria. For the genetic diagnosis of XPA gene, we proceeded to PCR-RFLP. For the XPC gene, we validated a routine analysis which includes a specific amplification of a short region surrounding the 2 bp deletion using a fluorescent primer and fragment sizing (GeneScan size) on a sequencing gel. Among the 19 index cases, there were 17 homozygous patients for the 2 bp deletion in the XPC gene and 2 homozygous patients carrying the nonsense XPA mutation. Finally, XPC appears to be the major disease-causing gene concerning xeroderma pigmentosum in North Africa. The use of fragment sizing is the simplest method to analyze this 2 bp deletion for the DNA samples coming from countries where the mutation c.1643_1644delTG of XPC gene is prevalent.
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Metal binding mediated conformational change of XPA protein:a potential cytotoxic mechanism of nickel in the nucleotide excision repair. J Mol Model 2016; 22:156. [PMID: 27307058 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a pivotal life process for repairing DNA nucleotide mismatch caused by chemicals, metal ions, radiation, and other factors. As the initiation step of NER, the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A protein (XPA) recognizes damaged DNA molecules, and recruits the replication protein A (RPA), another important player in the NER process. The stability of the Zn(2+)-chelated Zn-finger domain of XPA center core portion (i.e., XPA98-210) is the foundation of its biological functionality, while the displacement of the Zn(2+) by toxic metal ions (such as Ni(2+), a known human carcinogen and allergen) may impair the effectiveness of NER and hence elevate the chance of carcinogenesis. In this study, we first calculated the force field parameters for the bonded model in the metal center of the XPA98-210 system, showing that the calculated results, including charges, bonds, angles etc., are congruent with previously reported results measured by spectrometry experiments and quantum chemistry computation. Then, comparative molecular dynamics simulations using these parameters revealed the changes in the conformation and motion mode of XPA98-210 Zn-finger after the substitution of Zn(2+) by Ni(2+). The results showed that Ni(2+) dramatically disrupted the relative positions of the four Cys residues in the Zn-finger structure, forcing them to collapse from a tetrahedron into an almost planar structure. Finally, we acquired the binding mode of XPA98-210 with its ligands RPA70N and DNA based on molecular docking and structural alignment. We found that XPA98-210's Zn-finger domain primarily binds to a V-shaped cleft in RPA70N, while the cationic band in its C-terminal subdomain participates in the recognition of damaged DNA. In addition, this article sheds light on the multi-component interaction pattern among XPA, DNA, and other NER-related proteins (i.e., RPA70N, RPA70A, RPA70B, RPA70C, RPA32, and RPA14) based on previously reported structural biology information. Thus, we derived a putative cytotoxic mechanism associated with the nickel ion, where the Ni(2+) disrupts the conformation of the XPA Zn-finger, directly weakening its interaction with RPA70N, and thus lowering the effectiveness of the NER process. In sum, this work not only provides a theoretical insight into the multi-protein interactions involved in the NER process and potential cytotoxic mechanism associated with Ni(2+) binding in XPA, but may also facilitate rational anti-cancer drug design based on the NER mechanism.
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Cetraz M, Sen V, Schoch S, Streule K, Golubev V, Hartwig A, Köberle B. Platinum(IV)-nitroxyl complexes as possible candidates to circumvent cisplatin resistance in RT112 bladder cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:785-797. [PMID: 27307157 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of the anticancer drug cisplatin is limited by the development of resistance. We therefore investigated newly synthesized platinum-nitroxyl complexes (PNCs) for their potential to circumvent cisplatin resistance. The complexes used were PNCs with bivalent cis-PtII(R·NH2)(NH3)Cl2 and cis-PtII(DAPO)Ox and four-valent platinum cis,trans,cis-PtIV(R·NH2)(NH3)(OR)2Cl2 and cis,trans,cis-PtIV(DAPO)(OR)2Ox, where R· are TEMPO or proxyl nitroxyl radicals, DAPO is trans-3,4-diamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, and OR and Ox are carboxylato and oxalato ligands, respectively. The complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods, HPLC, log P ow data and elemental analysis. We studied intracellular platinum accumulation, DNA platination and cytotoxicity upon treatment with the PNCs in a model system of the bladder cancer cell line RT112 and its cisplatin-resistant subline RT112-CP. Platinum accumulation and DNA platination were similar in RT112 and RT112-CP cells for both bivalent and four-valent PNCs, in contrast to cisplatin for which a reduction in intracellular accumulation and DNA platination was observed in the resistant subline. The PNCs were found to platinate DNA in relation to the length of their axial RO-ligands. Furthermore, the PNCs were increasingly toxic in relation to the elongation of their axial RO-ligands, with similar toxicities in RT112 and its cisplatin-resistant subline. Using a cell-free assay, we observed induction of oxidative DNA damage by cisplatin but not PNCs suggesting that cisplatin exerts its toxic action by platination and oxidative DNA damage, while cells treated with PNCs are protected against oxidatively induced lesions. Altogether, our study suggests that PNCs may provide a more effective treatment for tumors which have developed resistance toward cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cetraz
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vasily Sen
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow, Russian Federation, 142432
| | - Sarah Schoch
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karolin Streule
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valery Golubev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow, Russian Federation, 142432
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Beate Köberle
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Mechanistic insight into cadmium-induced inactivation of the Bloom protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26225. [PMID: 27194376 PMCID: PMC4872126 DOI: 10.1038/srep26225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic metal that inactivates DNA-repair proteins via multiple mechanisms, including zinc substitution. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cd(2+) on the Bloom protein (BLM), a DNA-repair helicase carrying a zinc-binding domain (ZBD) and playing a critical role to ensure genomic stability. One characteristics of BLM-deficient cells is the elevated rate of sister chromatid exchanges, a phenomenon that is also induced by Cd(2+). Here, we show that Cd(2+) strongly inhibits both ATPase and helicase activities of BLM. Cd(2+) primarily prevents BLM-DNA interaction via its binding to sulfhydryl groups of solvent-exposed cysteine residues and, concomitantly, promotes the formation of large BLM multimers/aggregates. In contrast to previously described Cd(2+) effects on other zinc-containing DNA-repair proteins, the ZBD appears to play a minor role in the Cd(2+)-mediated inhibition. While the Cd(2+)-dependent formation of inactive multimers and the defect of DNA-binding were fully reversible upon addition of EDTA, the inhibition of the DNA unwinding activity was not counteracted by EDTA, indicating another mechanism of inhibition by Cd(2+) relative to the targeting of a catalytic residue. Altogether, our results provide new clues for understanding the mechanism behind the ZBD-independent inactivation of BLM by Cd(2+) leading to accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks.
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Tang Y, He R, Zhao J, Nie G, Xu L, Xing B. Oxidative stress-induced toxicity of CuO nanoparticles and related toxicogenomic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:605-614. [PMID: 27016889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Microarray analysis of toxicogenomic effects of CuO NPs on Arabidopsis thaliana was conducted. Arabidopsis growth was significantly inhibited by CuO NPs (10 and 20 mg/L). CuO NPs (10 and 20 mg/L) caused significant root damage after short-time (0-2 h) exposure while their corresponding Cu(2+) ions (0.80 and 1.35 mg/L) did not show any root damage. After longer exposure times (1 and 2 days), Cu(2+) ions induced obvious root damage, indicating that released Cu(2+) ions from CuO NPs contributed partial toxicity during CuO NPs exposure. After CuO NPs (10 mg/L) exposure for 2 h, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in root tips was much higher than that in the corresponding Cu(2+) ions (0.8 mg/L) treatment. The gene ontology categories identified from microarray analysis showed that CuO NPs (10 mg/L) caused 1658 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.01, fold change>3). Of these, 1035 and 623 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. 47 genes among all the up-regulated genes were response to oxidative stress, in which 19 genes were also related to "response to abiotic stimulus" and 12 genes were involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis of the KEGG metabolic pathway. The expression of all the selected genes (RHL41, MSRB7, BCB, PRXCA, and MC8) measured using quantitative RT-PCR was consistent with the microarray analysis. CuO NPs contributed much stronger up-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes than the corresponding Cu(2+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial and Gene Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rong He
- The Key Laboratory for Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Guangli Nie
- The Key Laboratory for Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Liu S, Jiang J, Li L, Amato NJ, Wang Z, Wang Y. Arsenite Targets the Zinc Finger Domains of Tet Proteins and Inhibits Tet-Mediated Oxidation of 5-Methylcytosine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11923-31. [PMID: 26355596 PMCID: PMC4784102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity is a serious public health problem worldwide that brings more than 100 million people into the risk of arsenic exposure from groundwater and food contamination. Although there is accumulating evidence linking arsenic exposure with aberrant cytosine methylation in the global genome or at specific genomic loci, very few have investigated the impact of arsenic on the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) mediated by the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family of proteins. Owing to the high binding affinity of As(III) toward cysteine residues, we reasoned that the highly conserved C3H-type zinc fingers situated in Tet proteins may constitute potential targets for arsenic binding. Herein, we found that arsenite could bind directly to the zinc fingers of Tet proteins in vitro and in cells, and this interaction substantially impaired the catalytic efficiency of Tet proteins in oxidizing 5-mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-foC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC). Treatments with arsenite also led to a dose-dependent decrease in the level of 5-hmC, but not 5-mC, in DNA isolated from HEK293T cells overexpressing the catalytic domain of any of the three Tet proteins and from mouse embryonic stem cells. Together, our study unveiled, for the first time, that arsenite could alter epigenetic signaling by targeting the zinc fingers of Tet proteins and perturbing the Tet-mediated oxidation of 5-mC in vitro and in cells. Our results offer important mechanistic understanding of arsenic epigenotoxicity and carcinogenesis in mammalian systems and may lead to novel approaches for the chemoprevention of arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ji Jiang
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Amato
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zi Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Corresponding Author. Phone: 951-827-2700; fax: 951-827-4713;
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Goodson WH, Lowe L, Carpenter DO, Gilbertson M, Manaf Ali A, Lopez de Cerain Salsamendi A, Lasfar A, Carnero A, Azqueta A, Amedei A, Charles AK, Collins AR, Ward A, Salzberg AC, Colacci A, Olsen AK, Berg A, Barclay BJ, Zhou BP, Blanco-Aparicio C, Baglole CJ, Dong C, Mondello C, Hsu CW, Naus CC, Yedjou C, Curran CS, Laird DW, Koch DC, Carlin DJ, Felsher DW, Roy D, Brown DG, Ratovitski E, Ryan EP, Corsini E, Rojas E, Moon EY, Laconi E, Marongiu F, Al-Mulla F, Chiaradonna F, Darroudi F, Martin FL, Van Schooten FJ, Goldberg GS, Wagemaker G, Nangami GN, Calaf GM, Williams G, Wolf GT, Koppen G, Brunborg G, Lyerly HK, Krishnan H, Ab Hamid H, Yasaei H, Sone H, Kondoh H, Salem HK, Hsu HY, Park HH, Koturbash I, Miousse IR, Scovassi AI, Klaunig JE, Vondráček J, Raju J, Roman J, Wise JP, Whitfield JR, Woodrick J, Christopher JA, Ochieng J, Martinez-Leal JF, Weisz J, Kravchenko J, Sun J, Prudhomme KR, Narayanan KB, Cohen-Solal KA, Moorwood K, Gonzalez L, Soucek L, Jian L, D'Abronzo LS, Lin LT, Li L, Gulliver L, McCawley LJ, Memeo L, Vermeulen L, Leyns L, Zhang L, Valverde M, Khatami M, Romano MF, Chapellier M, Williams MA, Wade M, Manjili MH, Lleonart ME, Xia M, Gonzalez MJ, Karamouzis MV, Kirsch-Volders M, Vaccari M, Kuemmerle NB, Singh N, Cruickshanks N, Kleinstreuer N, van Larebeke N, Ahmed N, Ogunkua O, Krishnakumar PK, Vadgama P, Marignani PA, Ghosh PM, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Thompson PA, Dent P, Heneberg P, Darbre P, Sing Leung P, Nangia-Makker P, Cheng QS, Robey RB, Al-Temaimi R, Roy R, Andrade-Vieira R, Sinha RK, Mehta R, Vento R, Di Fiore R, Ponce-Cusi R, Dornetshuber-Fleiss R, Nahta R, Castellino RC, Palorini R, Abd Hamid R, Langie SAS, Eltom SE, Brooks SA, Ryeom S, Wise SS, Bay SN, Harris SA, Papagerakis S, Romano S, Pavanello S, Eriksson S, Forte S, Casey SC, Luanpitpong S, Lee TJ, Otsuki T, Chen T, Massfelder T, Sanderson T, Guarnieri T, Hultman T, Dormoy V, Odero-Marah V, Sabbisetti V, Maguer-Satta V, Rathmell WK, Engström W, Decker WK, Bisson WH, Rojanasakul Y, Luqmani Y, Chen Z, Hu Z. Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S254-96. [PMID: 26106142 PMCID: PMC4480130 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-dose exposures to common environmental chemicals that are deemed safe individually may be combining to instigate carcinogenesis, thereby contributing to the incidence of cancer. This risk may be overlooked by current regulatory practices and needs to be vigorously investigated. Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety ‘Mode of Action’ framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Goodson
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 2100 Webster Street #401, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA, Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur Street, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK, Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Pl., Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA, Getting to Know Cancer, Guelph N1G 1E4, Canada, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Univ. de Sevilla., Avda Manuel Siurot sn. 41013 Sevilla, Spain, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence 50134, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Hopkins Building, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6UB, UK, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo N-0403, Norway, Planet Biotechnologies Inc., St Albert, Alberta T8N 5K4, Canada, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNI
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Room 229A, 36 Arthur Street, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 1X5, Canada, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Pl., Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | | | - Abdul Manaf Ali
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Tembila Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Univ. de Sevilla., Avda Manuel Siurot sn. 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amelia K Charles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Hopkins Building, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6UB, UK
| | | | - Andrew Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Anna C Salzberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo N-0403, Norway
| | - Arthur Berg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Barry J Barclay
- Planet Biotechnologies Inc., St Albert, Alberta T8N 5K4, Canada
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, CNIO, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chia-Wen Hsu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3375, USA
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Clement Yedjou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Colleen S Curran
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Daniel C Koch
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Danielle J Carlin
- Superfund Research Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27560, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Department of Medicine, Oncology and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Debasish Roy
- Department of Natural Science, The City University of New York at Hostos Campus, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Edward Ratovitski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery/Head and Neck Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Rojas
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
| | - Ezio Laconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabio Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Ferdinando Chiaradonna
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy, SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Human Safety and Environmental Research, Department of Health Sciences, College of North Atlantic, Doha 24449, State of Qatar
| | - Francis L Martin
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Frederik J Van Schooten
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200, The Netherlands
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Gerard Wagemaker
- Hacettepe University, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Ankara 06640, Turkey
| | - Gladys N Nangami
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA, Instituto de Alta Investigacion, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica, Chile
| | - Graeme Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo N-0403, Norway
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Pathology, Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Harini Krishnan
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Hasiah Ab Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hemad Yasaei
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences and the Health and Environment Theme, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Hideko Sone
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibraki 3058506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Department of Urology, Kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 11559, Egypt
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 712-749, South Korea
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - James E Klaunig
- Department of Environmental Health, Indiana University, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA, Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - John Pierce Wise
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME 04104, USA
| | - Jonathan R Whitfield
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapies Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Joseph A Christopher
- Cancer Research UK. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | | | - Judith Weisz
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, USA
| | - Julia Kravchenko
- Department of Surgery, Pathology, Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kalan R Prudhomme
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Karine A Cohen-Solal
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Kim Moorwood
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Laetitia Gonzalez
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Soucek
- Mouse Models of Cancer Therapies Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Le Jian
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia, Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Leandro S D'Abronzo
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | - Linda Gulliver
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Lisa J McCawley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Via Penninazzo 7, Viagrande (CT) 95029, Italy
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Leyns
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI) (Retired), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marion Chapellier
- Centre De Recherche En Cancerologie, De Lyon, Lyon, U1052-UMR5286, France
| | - Marc A Williams
- United States Army Institute of Public Health, Toxicology Portfolio-Health Effects Research Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010-5403, USA
| | - Mark Wade
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Masoud H Manjili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Matilde E Lleonart
- Institut De Recerca Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Menghang Xia
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3375, USA
| | - Michael J Gonzalez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Public Health, Nutrition Program, San Juan 00921, Puerto Rico
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Biomedical Research, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 003, India
| | - Nichola Cruickshanks
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., in support of the National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Nik van Larebeke
- Analytische, Milieu en Geochemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel B1050, Belgium
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - P K Krishnakumar
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 3126, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Vadgama
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paola A Marignani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Department of Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, México
| | - Patricia A Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, The State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, CZ-100 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Philippa Darbre
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, England
| | - Po Sing Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, The People's Republic of China
| | | | - Qiang Shawn Cheng
- Computer Science Department, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - R Brooks Robey
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Rabeah Al-Temaimi
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya 13110, Kuwait
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Rafaela Andrade-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ranjeet K Sinha
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rekha Mehta
- Regulatory Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Renza Vento
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy , Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Polyclinic Plexus, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | | | - Rita Dornetshuber-Fleiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria, Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - Rita Nahta
- Departments of Pharmacology and Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert C Castellino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roberta Palorini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy, SYSBIO Centre of Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Roslida Abd Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Samira A Brooks
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra S Wise
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St., Portland, ME 04104, USA
| | - Sarah N Bay
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shelley A Harris
- Population Health and Prevention, Research, Prevention and Cancer Control, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2L7, Canada, Departments of Epidemiology and Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Staffan Eriksson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7011, VHC, Almas Allé 4, SE-756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Via Penninazzo 7, Viagrande (CT) 95029, Italy
| | - Stephanie C Casey
- Stanford University Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705-717, South Korea
| | - Takemi Otsuki
- Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Thierry Massfelder
- INSERM U1113, team 3 'Cell Signalling and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer', University of Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Tiziana Guarnieri
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40126 Bologna, Italy, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale Medaglie d' Oro, 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Tove Hultman
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valérian Dormoy
- INSERM U1113, team 3 'Cell Signalling and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer', University of Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg, France, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Venkata Sabbisetti
- Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Veronique Maguer-Satta
- United States Army Institute of Public Health, Toxicology Portfolio-Health Effects Research Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD 21010-5403, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Wilhelm Engström
- Department of Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7028, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Yunus Luqmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait and
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Langie SAS, Koppen G, Desaulniers D, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Azqueta A, Bisson WH, Brown DG, Brunborg G, Charles AK, Chen T, Colacci A, Darroudi F, Forte S, Gonzalez L, Hamid RA, Knudsen LE, Leyns L, Lopez de Cerain Salsamendi A, Memeo L, Mondello C, Mothersill C, Olsen AK, Pavanello S, Raju J, Rojas E, Roy R, Ryan EP, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Salem HK, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Van Schooten FJ, Valverde M, Woodrick J, Zhang L, van Larebeke N, Kirsch-Volders M, Collins AR. Causes of genome instability: the effect of low dose chemical exposures in modern society. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S61-88. [PMID: 26106144 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome instability is a prerequisite for the development of cancer. It occurs when genome maintenance systems fail to safeguard the genome's integrity, whether as a consequence of inherited defects or induced via exposure to environmental agents (chemicals, biological agents and radiation). Thus, genome instability can be defined as an enhanced tendency for the genome to acquire mutations; ranging from changes to the nucleotide sequence to chromosomal gain, rearrangements or loss. This review raises the hypothesis that in addition to known human carcinogens, exposure to low dose of other chemicals present in our modern society could contribute to carcinogenesis by indirectly affecting genome stability. The selected chemicals with their mechanisms of action proposed to indirectly contribute to genome instability are: heavy metals (DNA repair, epigenetic modification, DNA damage signaling, telomere length), acrylamide (DNA repair, chromosome segregation), bisphenol A (epigenetic modification, DNA damage signaling, mitochondrial function, chromosome segregation), benomyl (chromosome segregation), quinones (epigenetic modification) and nano-sized particles (epigenetic pathways, mitochondrial function, chromosome segregation, telomere length). The purpose of this review is to describe the crucial aspects of genome instability, to outline the ways in which environmental chemicals can affect this cancer hallmark and to identify candidate chemicals for further study. The overall aim is to make scientists aware of the increasing need to unravel the underlying mechanisms via which chemicals at low doses can induce genome instability and thus promote carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A S Langie
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium, Health Canada, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Environmental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence 50134, Italy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31009, Spain, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, N-0403 Oslo, Norway, Hopkins Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6UB, UK, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Human and Environmental Safety Research, Department of Health Sciences, College of North Atlantic, Doha, State of Qatar, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia, University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy, Medical Phys
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium, Health Canada, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Environmental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence 50134, Italy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31009, Spain, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, N-0403 Oslo, Norway, Hopkins Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6UB, UK, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Human and Environmental Safety Research, Department of Health Sciences, College of North Atlantic, Doha, State of Qatar, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy, Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia, University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark, Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy, Medical Phys
| | - Daniel Desaulniers
- Health Canada, Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Environmental Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | | | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31009, Spain
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amelia K Charles
- Hopkins Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- Human and Environmental Safety Research, Department of Health Sciences, College of North Atlantic, Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Laetitia Gonzalez
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark
| | - Luc Leyns
- Laboratory for Cell Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | | | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Medical Physics & Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Ann-Karin Olsen
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Emilio Rojas
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, México CP 04510, México
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, México CP 04510, México
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Frederik J Van Schooten
- Department of Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200MD, PO Box 61, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, México CP 04510, México
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Luoping Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Nik van Larebeke
- Laboratory for Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium, Study Centre for Carcinogenesis and Primary Prevention of Cancer, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Kreider-Mueller A, Quinlivan PJ, Rong Y, Owen JS, Parkin G. Exchange of Alkyl and Tris(2-mercapto-1- t-butylimidazolyl)hydroborato Ligands Between Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury. J Organomet Chem 2015; 792:177-183. [PMID: 26273109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tris(2-mercaptoimidazolyl)hydroborato ligand, [TmBut ], has been used to investigate the exchange of alkyl and sulfur donor ligands between the Group 12 metals, Zn, Cd and Hg. For example, [TmBut ]2Zn reacts with Me2Zn to yield [TmBut ]ZnMe, while [TmBut ]CdMe is obtained readily upon reaction of [TmBut ]2Cd with Me2Cd. Ligand exchange is also observed between different metal centers. For example, [TmBut ]CdMe reacts with Me2Zn to afford [TmBut ]ZnMe and Me2Cd. Likewise, [TmBut ]HgMe reacts with Me2Zn to afford [TmBut ]ZnMe and Me2Hg. However, whereas the [TmBut ] ligand transfers from mercury to zinc in the methyl system, [TmBut ]HgMe/Me2Zn, transfer of the [TmBut ] ligand from zinc to mercury is observed upon treatment of [TmBut ]2Zn with HgI2 to afford [TmBut ]HgI and [TmBut ]ZnI. These observations demonstrate that the phenomenological preference for the [TmBut ] ligand to bind one metal rather than another is strongly influenced by the nature of the co-ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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