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Nasrabadi M, Nazarian M, Darroudi M, Marouzi S, Harifi-Mood MS, Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T. Carbamate compounds induced toxic effects by affecting Nrf2 signaling pathways. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:148-157. [PMID: 38304697 PMCID: PMC10831123 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbamate (CBs) is a class of insecticides which is being known as an important cause of intentional or accidental poisoning. CBs, cause carbamylation of acetylcholinesterase at neuronal synapses and neuromuscular junction. Exposure to CBs through skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion can result in significant cholinergic toxicity. This is due to the elevation of acetylcholine levels at ganglionic synapses found in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as muscarinic receptors located in target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system, nicotinic receptors situated in skeletal muscle tissue, and the central nervous system. The association between human illnesses and environmental exposures to CBs have been extensively studied in several studies. Although CBs-triggered toxicity leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the detailed association between the toxicity under CBs exposure and NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways has not been completely clarified. In this review we aimed to summarize the latest findings on the functional interrelationship between carbamates compounds and Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Nazarian
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| | - Somayeh Marouzi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Takahashi J, Suzuki T, Sato M, Nitta S, Yaguchi N, Muta T, Tsuchida K, Suda H, Morita M, Hamada S, Masamune A, Takahashi S, Kamei T, Yamamoto M. Differential squamous cell fates elicited by NRF2 gain of function versus KEAP1 loss of function. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114104. [PMID: 38602872 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical evidence has revealed that high-level activation of NRF2 caused by somatic mutations in NRF2 (NFE2L2) is frequently detected in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), whereas that caused by somatic mutations in KEAP1, a negative regulator of NRF2, is not. Here, we aspire to generate a mouse model of NRF2-activated ESCC using the cancer-derived NRF2L30F mutation and cancer driver mutant TRP53R172H. Concomitant expression of NRF2L30F and TRP53R172H results in formation of NRF2-activated ESCC-like lesions. In contrast, while squamous-cell-specific deletion of KEAP1 induces similar NRF2 hyperactivation, the loss of KEAP1 combined with expression of TRP53R172H does not elicit the formation of ESCC-like lesions. Instead, KEAP1-deleted cells disappear from the esophageal epithelium over time. These findings demonstrate that, while cellular NRF2 levels are similarly induced, NRF2 gain of function and KEAP1 loss of function elicits distinct fates of squamous cells. The NRF2L30F mutant mouse model developed here will be instrumental in elucidating the mechanistic basis leading to NRF2-activated ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Miu Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuji Nitta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nahoko Yaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Muta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsuchida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromi Suda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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Lu YY, Tsai HP, Tsai TH, Miao HC, Zhang ZH, Wu CH. RTA-408 Regulates p-NF-κB/TSLP/STAT5 Signaling to Ameliorate Nociceptive Hypersensitivity in Chronic Constriction Injury Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1714-1725. [PMID: 37773082 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain following nerve injury is a complex condition, which often puts a negative impact on life and remains a sustained problem. To make pain management better is of great significance and unmet need. RTA 408 (Omaveloxone) is a traditional Asian medicine with a valid anti-inflammatory property. Thus, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect of RTA-408 on mechanical allodynia in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats as well as the underlying mechanisms. Neuropathic pain was induced by using CCI of the rats' sciatic nerve (SN) and the behavior testing was measured by calibrated forceps testing. Activation of Nrf-2, the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and the inflammatory response were assessed by western blots. The number of apoptotic neurons and degree of glial cell reaction were examined by immunofluorescence assay. RTA-408 exerts an analgesic effect on CCI rats. RTA-408 reduces neuronal apoptosis and glial cell activation by increasing Nrf-2 expression and decreasing the inflammatory response (TNF-α/ p-NF-κB/ TSLP/ STAT5). These data suggest that RTA-408 is a candidate with potential to reduce nociceptive hypersensitivity after CCI by targeting TSLP/STAT5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 821, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chien Miao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinle City Hospital, Xinle, Hebei, 050700, People's Republic of China
| | - Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Big Data Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Liu G, Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhu J, Xu X, Li Y, Zhang J, Wen C, Liang L, Liu X, Xu X. Toxicity and oxidative stress of HepG2 and HL-7702 cells induced by PAH4 using oil as a carrier. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113988. [PMID: 38309887 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a widespread class of food pollutants, are commonly exposed to humans along with edible oil. The dietary exposure pattern of PAH4 was simulated to study the toxicity and oxidative stress of oil-based PAH4 on hepatocytes. The findings demonstrated that oil-based PAH4 induced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased and promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner. Benzo[a]pyrene had the strongest toxicity and HL-7702 cells were more sensitive to toxicity than HepG2 cells, due to differences in induced CYP1A enzyme activity. Oil-based PAH4 had greater cytotoxicity than PAH4, attributed to the synergistic effect of oil and PAH4. Furthermore, oil-based PAH4 induced oxidative stress in HepG2 and HL-7702 cells through the same AHR-Nrf2-KEAP1 pathway, which was elucidated by detecting genes and proteins expression. This study lays the foundation for elucidating the harm of dietary exposure to PAHs and reminds us that food composition may increase the harm of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Wanli Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Youdong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jixian Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Chaoting Wen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Li Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
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Yang G, Zhang Q, Dong C, Hou G, Li J, Jiang X, Xin Y. Nrf2 prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via antioxidant effect and normalization of glucose and lipid metabolism in the heart. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31149. [PMID: 38308838 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders and oxidative stress are the main causes of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) exerts a powerful antioxidant effect and prevents the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism of its cardiac protection and direct action on cardiomyocytes are not well understood. Here, we investigated in a cardiomyocyte-restricted Nrf2 transgenic mice (Nrf2-TG) the direct effect of Nrf2 on cardiomyocytes in DCM and its mechanism. In this study, cardiomyocyte-restricted Nrf2 transgenic mice (Nrf2-TG) were used to directly observe whether cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Nrf2 can prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy and correct glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in the heart. Compared to wild-type mice, Nrf2-TG mice showed resistance to diabetic cardiomyopathy in a streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mouse model. This was primarily manifested as improved echocardiography results as well as reduced myocardial fibrosis, cardiac inflammation, and oxidative stress. These results showed that Nrf2 can directly act on cardiomyocytes to exert a cardioprotective role. Mechanistically, the cardioprotective effects of Nrf2 depend on its antioxidation activity, partially through improving glucose and lipid metabolism by directly targeting lipid metabolic pathway of AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α activation via upstream genes of sestrin2 and LKB1, and indirectly enabling AKT/GSK-3β/HK-Ⅱ activity via AMPK mediated p70S6K inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Greatorex S, Kaur S, Xirouchaki CE, Goh PK, Wiede F, Genders AJ, Tran M, Jia Y, Raajendiran A, Brown WA, McLean CA, Sadoshima J, Watt MJ, Tiganis T. Mitochondria- and NOX4-dependent antioxidant defense mitigates progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e162533. [PMID: 38060313 PMCID: PMC10849767 DOI: 10.1172/jci162533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in the majority of individuals with obesity, but in a subset of these individuals, it progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (0NASH) and fibrosis. The mechanisms that prevent NASH and fibrosis in the majority of patients with NAFLD remain unclear. Here, we report that NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (NOX4) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2) were elevated in hepatocytes early in disease progression to prevent NASH and fibrosis. Mitochondria-derived ROS activated NFE2L2 to induce the expression of NOX4, which in turn generated H2O2 to exacerbate the NFE2L2 antioxidant defense response. The deletion or inhibition of NOX4 in hepatocytes decreased ROS and attenuated antioxidant defense to promote mitochondrial oxidative stress, damage proteins and lipids, diminish insulin signaling, and promote cell death upon oxidant challenge. Hepatocyte NOX4 deletion in high-fat diet-fed obese mice, which otherwise develop steatosis, but not NASH, resulted in hepatic oxidative damage, inflammation, and T cell recruitment to drive NASH and fibrosis, whereas NOX4 overexpression tempered the development of NASH and fibrosis in mice fed a NASH-promoting diet. Thus, mitochondria- and NOX4-derived ROS function in concert to drive a NFE2L2 antioxidant defense response to attenuate oxidative liver damage and progression to NASH and fibrosis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Greatorex
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Pei K. Goh
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Amanda J. Genders
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Melanie Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - YaoYao Jia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Arthe Raajendiran
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Wendy A. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Matthew J. Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Park JY, Yasir M, Lee HJ, Han ET, Han JH, Park WS, Kwon YS, Chun W. Caffeic acid methyl ester inhibits LPS‑induced inflammatory response through Nrf2 activation and NF‑κB inhibition in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:559. [PMID: 37941589 PMCID: PMC10628649 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) derivatives have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activities in various inflammatory conditions. However, the impact of CA methyl ester (CAME) on the inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells has not been thoroughly elucidated. In the present study, the aim was to understand how CAME can reduce inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and elucidate its mechanisms. CAME significantly attenuated LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β release. Furthermore, CAME inhibited cyclooxygenase 2 expression and consequent secretion of prostaglandin E2. CAME also suppressed LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. In addition, CAME significantly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation in the absence or presence of LPS stimulation in HUVECs. CAME also significantly suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB phosphorylation and inhibitor of κB phosphorylation and degradation. In conclusion, the present results provide clear evidence that CAME exerts its anti-inflammatory activities by increasing HO-1/Nrf2-mediated cytoprotection and inhibiting NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory pathways in HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanjoo Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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9
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Jeong Y, Oh AR, Jung YH, Gi H, Kim YU, Kim K. Targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases and their adaptors as a therapeutic strategy for metabolic diseases. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2097-2104. [PMID: 37779139 PMCID: PMC10618535 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins via ubiquitination determines their activation, translocation, dysregulation, or degradation. This process targets a large number of cellular proteins, affecting all biological pathways involved in the cell cycle, development, growth, and differentiation. Thus, aberrant regulation of ubiquitination is likely associated with several diseases, including various types of metabolic diseases. Among the ubiquitin enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligases are regarded as the most influential ubiquitin enzymes due to their ability to selectively bind and recruit target substrates for ubiquitination. Continued research on the regulatory mechanisms of E3 ligases and their adaptors in metabolic diseases will further stimulate the discovery of new targets and accelerate the development of therapeutic options for metabolic diseases. In this review, based on recent discoveries, we summarize new insights into the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases and their adaptors in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases by highlighting recent evidence obtained in both human and animal model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJoon Gi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Un Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Hammoutene A, Laouirem S, Albuquerque M, Colnot N, Brzustowski A, Valla D, Provost N, Delerive P, Paradis V. A new NRF2 activator for the treatment of human metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100845. [PMID: 37663119 PMCID: PMC10472315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Oxidative stress triggers metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and fibrosis. Previous animal studies demonstrated that the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), the master regulator of antioxidant response, protects against MAFLD and fibrosis. S217879, a next generation NRF2 activator has been recently shown to trigger diet-induced steatohepatitis resolution and to reduce established fibrosis in rodents. Our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of S217879 in human MAFLD and its underlying mechanisms using the relevant experimental 3D model of patient-derived precision cut liver slices (PCLS). Methods We treated PCLS from 12 patients with varying stages of MAFLD with S217879 or elafibranor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR]α/δ agonist used as a referent molecule) for 2 days. Safety and efficacy profiles, steatosis, liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis were assessed as well as mechanisms involved in MAFLD pathophysiology, namely antioxidant response, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum-stress. Results Neither elafibranor nor S217879 had toxic effects at the tested concentrations on human PCLS with MAFLD. PPARα/δ and NRF2 target genes (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 [PDK4], fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21], and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 [NQO1], heme oxygenase 1 [HMOX1], respectively) were strongly upregulated in PCLS in response to elafibranor and S217879, respectively. Compared with untreated PCLS, elafibranor and S217879-treated slices displayed lower triglycerides and reduced inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 [CCL2]). Additional inflammatory markers (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 [CCL5], stimulator of interferon genes [STING], intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) were downregulated by S217879. S217879 but not elafibranor lowered DNA damage (phospho-Histone H2A.X [p-H2A.X], RAD51, X-ray repair cross complementing 1 [XRCC1]) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), and inhibited fibrogenesis markers expression (alpha smooth muscle actin [α-SMA], collagen 1 alpha 1 [COL1A1], collagen 1 alpha 2 [COL1A2]). Such effects were mediated through an improvement of lipid metabolism, activated antioxidant response and enhanced autophagy, without effect on endoplasmic reticulum-stress. Conclusions This study highlights the therapeutic potential of a new NRF2 activator for MAFLD using patient-derived PCLS supporting the evaluation of NRF2 activating strategies in clinical trials. Impact and implications Oxidative stress is a major driver of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) development and progression. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, the master regulator of the antioxidative stress response, is an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of MAFLD. This study demonstrates that S217879, a new potent and selective nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activator, displays antisteatotic effects, lowers DNA damage, apoptosis, and inflammation and inhibits fibrogenesis in human PCLS in patients with MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Hammoutene
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Samira Laouirem
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Miguel Albuquerque
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Nathalie Colnot
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Angélique Brzustowski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Valla
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Provost
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Philippe Delerive
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - the QUID-NASH Research Group
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, F-75018, Paris, France
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Research, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
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11
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Yang M, Liu C, Jiang N, Liu Y, Luo S, Li C, Zhao H, Han Y, Chen W, Li L, Xiao L, Sun L. Fibroblast growth factor 21 in metabolic syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1220426. [PMID: 37576954 PMCID: PMC10414186 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1220426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder that often clinically manifests as obesity, insulin resistance/diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. With the development of social and economic systems, the incidence of metabolic syndrome is increasing, bringing a heavy medical burden. However, there is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the human FGF superfamily and is a key protein involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, including reducing fat mass and lowering hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Here, we review the current regulatory mechanisms of FGF21, summarize its role in obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and discuss the possibility of FGF21 as a potential target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Fuertes-Agudo M, Luque-Tévar M, Cucarella C, Martín-Sanz P, Casado M. Advances in Understanding the Role of NRF2 in Liver Pathophysiology and Its Relationship with Hepatic-Specific Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1491. [PMID: 37627486 PMCID: PMC10451723 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the pathophysiological changes of liver diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that positively regulates the basal and inducible expression of a large battery of cytoprotective genes, thus playing a key role in protecting against oxidative damage. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Its expression has always been associated with the induction of inflammation, but we have shown that, in addition to possessing other benefits, the constitutive expression of COX-2 in hepatocytes is beneficial in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple liver diseases. In this review, we summarized the role of NRF2 as a main agent in the resolution of oxidative stress, the crucial role of NRF2 signaling pathways during the development of chronic liver diseases, and, finally we related its action to that of COX-2, where it appears to operate as its partner in providing a hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fuertes-Agudo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (M.L.-T.); (C.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luque-Tévar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (M.L.-T.); (C.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Cucarella
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (M.L.-T.); (C.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB) “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV), CSIC, Jaume Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (M.L.-T.); (C.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV. The mechanistic insights of the antioxidant Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in oncogenesis: a deadly scenario. Med Oncol 2023; 40:248. [PMID: 37480500 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein has garnered significant interest due to its crucial function in safeguarding cells and tissues. The Nrf2 protein is crucial in preserving tissue integrity by safeguarding cells against metabolic, xenobiotic and oxidative stress. Due to its various functions, Nrf2 is a potential pharmacological target for reducing the incidence of diseases such as cancer. However, mutations in Keap1-Nrf2 are not consistently favored in all types of cancer. Instead, they seem to interact with specific driver mutations of tumors and their respective tissue origins. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 pathway mutations are a powerful cancer adaptation that utilizes inherent cytoprotective pathways, encompassing nutrient metabolism and ROS regulation. The augmentation of Nrf2 activity elicits significant alterations in the characteristics of neoplastic cells, such as resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, safeguarding against apoptosis, heightened invasiveness, hindered senescence, impaired autophagy and increased angiogenesis. The altered activity of Nrf2 can arise from diverse genetic and epigenetic modifications that instantly impact Nrf2 regulation. The present study aims to showcase the correlation between the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and the progression of cancers, emphasizing genetic mutations, metabolic processes, immune regulation, and potential therapeutic strategies. This article delves into the intricacies of Nrf2 pathway anomalies in cancer, the potential ramifications of uncontrolled Nrf2 activity, and therapeutic interventions to modulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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14
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Liu Y, Yin S, He Y, Tang J, Pu J, Jia G, Liu G, Tian G, Chen X, Cai J, Kang B, Che L, Zhao H. Hydroxy-Selenomethionine Mitigated Chronic Heat Stress-Induced Porcine Splenic Damage via Activation of Nrf2/Keap1 Signal and Suppression of NFκb and STAT Signal. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076461. [PMID: 37047433 PMCID: PMC10094443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heat stress (CHS) compromised the immunity and spleen immunological function of pigs, which may associate with antioxidant suppression and splenocyte apoptosis and splenic inflammation. Selenium (Se) exhibited antioxidant function and immunomodulatory through selenoprotein. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of dietary hydroxy-selenomethionine (Selisso®, SeO) on chronic heat stress (CHS)-induced porcine splenic oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Growing pigs were raised in the thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 °C) with the basal diet (BD), or raised in hyperthermal conditions (33 ± 2 °C) with BD supplied with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg SeO for 28 d, respectively. The results showed that dietary SeO supplementation recovered the spleen mass and enhanced the splenic antioxidant capacity of CHS growing pigs. Meanwhile, SeO activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signal, downregulated p38, caspase 3 and Bax, inhibited the activation of NFκb and STAT3, and enhanced the protein expression level of GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, SELENOS and SELENOF. In summary, SeO supplementation mitigates the CHS-induced splenic oxidative damages, apoptosis and inflammation in pigs, and the processes are associated with the activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signal and the suppression of NFκb, p38(MAPK) and STAT signal. It seems that the antioxidant-related selenoproteins (GPXs) and functional selenoproteins (SELENOS and SELENOF) play important roles in the alleviation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Shenggang Yin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Pu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1388-064-0271
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15
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Vargas-Pozada EE, Ramos-Tovar E, Acero-Hernández C, Cardoso-Lezama I, Galindo-Gómez S, Tsutsumi V, Muriel P. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeine effectively attenuate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and thioacetamide-induced hepatic injury in male rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:147-159. [PMID: 36744700 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant effect of caffeine, associated with its ability to upregulate the nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-signaling pathway, was explored as a possible mechanism for the attenuation of liver damage. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was induced in rats by the administration of a high-fat, high-sucrose, high-cholesterol diet (HFSCD) for 15 weeks. Liver damage was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) for six weeks. Caffeine was administered orally at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight during the period of NASH induction to evaluate its ability to prevent disease development. Meanwhile, rats received TAA for three weeks, after which 50 mg/kg caffeine was administered daily for three weeks with TAA to evaluate its capacity to interfere with the progression of hepatic injury. HFSCD administration induced hepatic steatosis, decreased Nrf2 levels, increased oxidative stress, induced the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels, leading to hepatic damage. TAA administration produced similar effects, excluding steatosis. Caffeine increased Nrf2 levels; attenuated oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal; restored normal, reduced glutathione levels; and reduced NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokine levels, and damage. Our findings suggest that caffeine may be useful in the treatment of human liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E Vargas-Pozada
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, School of Higher Education in Medicine-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Acero-Hernández
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Irina Cardoso-Lezama
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Silvia Galindo-Gómez
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Víctor Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 14-740, Mexico
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16
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Bukke VN, Moola A, Serviddio G, Vendemiale G, Bellanti F. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated signaling and metabolic associated fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6909-6921. [PMID: 36632321 PMCID: PMC9827579 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key driver in the development and progression of several diseases, including metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This condition includes a wide spectrum of pathological injuries, extending from simple steatosis to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Excessive buildup of lipids in the liver is strictly related to oxidative stress in MAFLD, progressing to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of redox homeostasis. NRF2 plays an important role for cellular protection by inducing the expression of genes related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective response. Consistent evidence demonstrates that NRF2 is involved in every step of MAFLD deve-lopment, from simple steatosis to inflammation, advanced fibrosis, and ini-tiation/progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. NRF2 activators regulate lipid metabolism and oxidative stress alleviating the fatty liver disease by inducing the expression of cytoprotective genes. Thus, modulating NRF2 activation is crucial not only in understanding specific mechanisms underlying MAFLD progression but also to characterize effective therapeutic strategies. This review outlined the current knowledge on the effects of NRF2 pathway, modulators, and mechanisms involved in the therapeutic implications of liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyasagar Naik Bukke
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Archana Moola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
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17
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Xiong F, Zhou Q, Huang X, Cao P, Wang Y. Ferroptosis plays a novel role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1055793. [PMID: 36532757 PMCID: PMC9755204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1055793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis relies on iron, and ferroptotic cell death is triggered when the balance of the oxidation-reduction system is disrupted by excessive lipid peroxide accumulation. A close relationship between ferroptosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is formed by phospholipid peroxidation substrates, bioactive iron, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralization systems. Recent studies into ferroptosis during NASH development might reveal NASH pathogenesis and drug targets. Our review summarizes NASH pathogenesis from the perspective of ferroptosis mechanisms. Further, we discuss the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, ferroptosis, and NASH. Finally, potential pharmacological therapies directed to ferroptosis in NASH are hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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18
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Dodson M, Shakya A, Anandhan A, Chen J, Garcia JG, Zhang DD. NRF2 and Diabetes: The Good, the Bad, and the Complex. Diabetes 2022; 71:2463-2476. [PMID: 36409792 PMCID: PMC9750950 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of scientific effort, diabetes continues to represent an incredibly complex and difficult disease to treat. This is due in large part to the multifactorial nature of disease onset and progression and the multiple organ systems affected. An increasing body of scientific evidence indicates that a key mediator of diabetes progression is NRF2, a critical transcription factor that regulates redox, protein, and metabolic homeostasis. Importantly, while experimental studies have confirmed the critical nature of proper NRF2 function in preventing the onset of diabetic outcomes, we have only just begun to scratch the surface of understanding the mechanisms by which NRF2 modulates diabetes progression, particularly across different causative contexts. One reason for this is the contradictory nature of the current literature, which can often be accredited to model discrepancies, as well as whether NRF2 is activated in an acute or chronic manner. Furthermore, despite therapeutic promise, there are no current NRF2 activators in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with diabetes. In this review, we briefly introduce the transcriptional programs regulated by NRF2 as well as how NRF2 itself is regulated. We also review the current literature regarding NRF2 modulation of diabetic phenotypes across the different diabetes subtypes, including a brief discussion of contradictory results, as well as what is needed to progress the NRF2 diabetes field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Aryatara Shakya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Annadurai Anandhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Jinjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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19
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Buttari B, Arese M, Oberley-Deegan RE, Saso L, Chatterjee A. NRF2: A crucial regulator for mitochondrial metabolic shift and prostate cancer progression. Front Physiol 2022; 13:989793. [PMID: 36213236 PMCID: PMC9540504 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.989793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a common survival mechanism for prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oxidative stress in the cellular and tumor microenvironment dictates metabolic switching in the cancer cells to adopt, prosper and escape therapeutic stress. Therefore, regulation of oxidative stress in tumor cells and in the tumor-microenvironment may enhance the action of conventional anticancer therapies. NRF2 is the master regulator for oxidative stress management. However, the overall oxidative stress varies with PCa clinical stage, metabolic state and therapy used for the cancer. In agreement, the blanket use of NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with anticancer therapies cause adverse effects in some preclinical cancer models. In this review, we have summarized the levels of oxidative stress, metabolic preferences and NRF2 activity in the different stages of prostate cancer. We also propose condition specific ways to use NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with conventional prostate cancer therapies. The significance of this review is not only to provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of NRF2 to regulate oxidative stress-mediated metabolic switching by prostate cancer cells to escape the radiation, chemo, or hormonal therapies, and to grow aggressively, but also to provide a potential therapeutic method to control aggressive prostate cancer growth by stage specific proper use of NRF2 regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Arpita Chatterjee,
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20
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Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
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21
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Tang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Qin S, Zhou L, Gao W, Shen Z. Metabolic Adaptation-Mediated Cancer Survival and Progression in Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071324. [PMID: 35883815 PMCID: PMC9311581 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Undue elevation of ROS levels commonly occurs during cancer evolution as a result of various antitumor therapeutics and/or endogenous immune response. Overwhelming ROS levels induced cancer cell death through the dysregulation of ROS-sensitive glycolytic enzymes, leading to the catastrophic depression of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which are critical for cancer survival and progression. However, cancer cells also adapt to such catastrophic oxidative and metabolic stresses by metabolic reprograming, resulting in cancer residuality, progression, and relapse. This adaptation is highly dependent on NADPH and GSH syntheses for ROS scavenging and the upregulation of lipolysis and glutaminolysis, which fuel tricarboxylic acid cycle-coupled OXPHOS and biosynthesis. The underlying mechanism remains poorly understood, thus presenting a promising field with opportunities to manipulate metabolic adaptations for cancer prevention and therapy. In this review, we provide a summary of the mechanisms of metabolic regulation in the adaptation of cancer cells to oxidative stress and the current understanding of its regulatory role in cancer survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.Q.); (L.Z.)
| | - Wei Gao
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (Z.S.)
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22
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Pouremamali F, Pouremamali A, Dadashpour M, Soozangar N, Jeddi F. An update of Nrf2 activators and inhibitors in cancer prevention/promotion. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:100. [PMID: 35773670 PMCID: PMC9245222 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein is a basic-region leucine zipper transcription factor that defends against endogenous or exogenous stressors. By inducing several cytoprotective and detoxifying gene expressions, Nrf2 can increase the sensitivity of the cells to oxidants and electrophiles. Transient Nrf2 activation, by its specific activators, has protective roles against carcinogenesis and cancer development. However, permanent activation of Nrf2 promotes various cancer properties, comprising malignant progression, chemo/radio resistance, and poor patient prognosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that reaching an optimal balance between paradoxical functions of Nrf2 in malignancy may render a selective improvement to identify therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. In this review, we describe lately discovered Nrf2 inducers and inhibitors, and their chemopreventive and/or anticancer activities. The Nrf2 pathway signifies one of the most significant cell defense procedures against exogenous or endogenous stressors. Certainly, by increasing the expression of several cytoprotective genes, the transcription factor Nrf2 can shelter cells and tissues from multiple sources of damage including electrophilic, xenobiotic, metabolic, and oxidative stress. Notably, the aberrant activation or accumulation of Nrf2, a common event in many tumors, confers a selective advantage to cancer cells and is connected to malignant progression, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Therefore, lately, Nrf2 has arisen as a hopeful target in treatment of cancer, and many struggles have been made to detect therapeutic strategies intended at disrupting its pro-oncogenic role. By summarizing the outcomes from past and recent studies, this review provided an overview concerning the Nrf2 pathway and the molecular mechanisms causing Nrf2 hyperactivation in cancer cells. Finally, this paper also described some of the most promising therapeutic approaches that have been successfully employed to counteract Nrf2 activity in tumors, with a particular emphasis on the development of natural compounds and the adoption of drug repurposing strategies. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pouremamali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Pouremamali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Narges Soozangar
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. .,Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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23
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Yao D, Shi B, Wang S, Bao L, Tan M, Shen H, Zhang Z, Pan X, Yang Y, Wu Y, Gong K. Isoliquiritigenin Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Myocardial Injury via Modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1273-1287. [PMID: 35517984 PMCID: PMC9064455 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s362754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction play critical roles in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid monomer extracted from licorice, has been found to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in cancer studies. Here, we tested the effect and underlying mechanisms of ISL on ischemia-induced myocardial injury in a mouse AMI model. Methods Adult C57BL/6 mice were pre-treated by intraperitoneal injection of ISL and/or a specific nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor ML385 for 3 days, respectively. Then, the AMI model was established by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Myocardial oxidative stress status, inflammatory response, cardiac function and infarction size were assessed after 7th day of surgery. Results Compared with sham group, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in AMI group were significantly increased. However, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level were dramatically decreased. ISL treatment significantly reduced the myocardial infarction area, improved cardiac function, inhibited the production of ROS and MDA and reduced the consumption of SOD and GSH-Px. Interestingly, ISL could significantly increase nuclear Nrf2 and cytosolic heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) level in the infarcted myocardium and reduce the oxidative stress after AMI. Also, ISL treatment dramatically inhibited the activation of myocardial NF-κB pathway and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in the AMI group. However, the administration of ML385 not only suppressed the Nrf2/HO-1 activation, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects induced by ISL, but also attenuated the beneficial role of ISL on reducing infarct size and improving cardiac function in the mouse with AMI. Conclusion The results suggested that activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has an essential role in ISL-induced cardiac protection by alleviating myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation response in mice with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshan Yao
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Shi
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China
| | - Sichuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuxiang Bao
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaizheng Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine for the Control of Geriatrics and Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
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24
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Gao J, Xia L, Wei Y. Oxymatrine inhibits the pyroptosis in rat insulinoma cells by affecting nuclear factor kappa B and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein/heme oxygenase-1 pathways. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:165-174. [PMID: 35477544 PMCID: PMC9046894 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As the mechanism underlying glucose metabolism regulation by oxymatrine is unclear, this study investigated the effects of oxymatrine on pyroptosis in INS-1 cells. Flow cytometry was employed to examine cell pyroptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cell pyroptosis was also investigated via transmission electron microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Protein levels were detected using western blotting and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The caspase-1 activity and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 protein (Nrf2) were also assessed. In the high glucose and high fat-treated INS-1 cells (HG + PA), the caspase-1 activity and LDH content, as well as Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, Gsdmd-N, caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels were increased. Moreover, P65 protein levels increased in the nucleus but decreased in the cytoplasm. Oxymatrine attenuated these effects and suppressed high glucose and high fat-induced ROS production. The increased levels of nuclear Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the HG + PA cells were further elevated after oxymatrine treatment, whereas cytoplasmic Nrf2 and Keleh-like ECH-associated protein levels decreased. Additionally, the elevated transcriptional activity of p65 in HG + PA cells was reduced by oxymatrine, whereas that of Nrf2 increased. The results indicate that the inhibition of pyroptosis in INS-1 cells by oxymatrine, a key factor in its glucose metabolism regulation, involves the suppression of the NF-κB pathway and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.,Pediatric Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lixia Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.,Pediatric Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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25
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Gallic Acid Improves Diabetic Steatosis by Downregulating MicroRNA-34a-5p through Targeting NFE2L2 Expression in High-Fat Diet-Fed db/db Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010092. [PMID: 35052597 PMCID: PMC8773012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become epidemic worldwide and is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in NAFLD and T2DM development and the corresponding therapies remain unclear. We performed microRNA microarray validation to determine whether hepatic miR-34a-5p was significantly upregulated in db/db mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), a mouse model of T2DM with steatohepatitis. The potential role of miR-34a-5p and gallic acid (GA) in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and diabetic steatosis was explored. GA improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and suppressed lipid accumulation in the HFD-induced steatotic liver of db/db mice. In vitro, the silencing of miR-34a-5p in hepatocyte HepG2 cells ameliorated high glucose + oleic acid/palmitic acid mixture–induced accumulation of cellular triglycerides. We identified nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) as a direct target of miR-34a-5p. Reduction in intracellular triglyceride and the expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase by GA were mediated by the inhibition of miR-34a-5p expression in HepG2 cells. The findings suggest that GA improves hepatic lipogenesis by downregulating miR-34a-5p by suppressing NFE2L2 expression, indicating the potential therapeutic role of GA or an NFE2L2-activating agent in diabetic fatty liver disease.
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26
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Camiña N, Penning TM. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway in human lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 126:1244-1252. [PMID: 34845361 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic and oxidative stress is caused when homeostatic mechanisms are disrupted. A major defense mechanism involves the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, which can accelerate the detoxification of electrophilic carcinogens and prevent cancer and on the other hand in certain exposure contexts may exacerbate the carcinogenic process. NRF2-target genes activated under these conditions can be used as biomarkers of stress signalling, while activation of NRF2 can also reveal the epigenetic mechanisms that modulate NFE2L2 expression. Epigenetic mechanisms that regulate NFE2L2 and the gene for its adaptor protein KEAP1 include DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA. Understanding the activation of the NRF2-KEAP1 signalling pathway in human lung cancer, its epigenetic regulation and its role in oncogenesis is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Camiña
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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27
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Wang Y, Wang C, Xie M, Tang T, Wang Z, Nie X. Atorvastatin causes oxidative stress and alteration of lipid metabolism in estuarine goby Mugilogobius abei. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117879. [PMID: 34391042 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential effects of the environmental residues of Atorvastatin (ATV) as a widely used antilipemic agent on aquatic organisms deserve more investigations because of its high detection frequency in environment. The responses of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway (including the transcriptional expression of Nrf2, Keap1, GCLC, GPx, GST, SOD, CAT, Trx2, TrxR, HMG-CoAR and PGC-1α) in Mugilogobius abei were investigated under acute and sub-chronic exposure of ATV in the simulated laboratory conditions. The changes of related enzymatic activity (GST, GPx, SOD, CAT and TrxR) and the content of GSH and MDA combining with the observation of histology sections of liver in M. abei were also addressed. The results show Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes were induced to different degrees under ATV exposure. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were inhibited at 24 h and 72 h but induced/recovered at 168 h. Correspondingly, negatively correlated to GSH, MDA increased first but reduced then. Notably, with the increase of exposure concentration/time, the volume of lipid cells in liver decreased, suggesting more lipid decomposition. Therefore, lipid metabolism was suppressed (down-regulation of PGC-1α) and cholesterol biosynthesis was induced (up-regulation of HMG-COAR) at 168 h. In short, ATV brings oxidative stress to M. abei in the initial phase. However, with the increase of exposure time, ATV activates Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and improves the antioxidant capacity of M. abei to reverse this adverse effect. ATV also affects lipid metabolism of M. abei by reducing cholesterol content and accelerating lipid decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Meinan Xie
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tianli Tang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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28
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Singh P, Chandrasekaran V, Hardy B, Wilmes A, Jennings P, Exner TE. Temporal transcriptomic alterations of cadmium exposed human iPSC-derived renal proximal tubule-like cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 76:105229. [PMID: 34352368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a well-studied environmental pollutant where the kidney and particularly the proximal tubule cells are especially sensitive as they are exposed to higher concentrations of cadmium than other tissues. Here we investigated the temporal transcriptomic alterations (TempO-Seq) of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived renal proximal tubule-like (PTL) cells exposed to 5 μM cadmium chloride for 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 72 and 168 h. There was an early activation (within 4 h) of the metal and oxidative stress responses (metal-responsive transcription factor-1 (MTF1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) genes). The Nrf2 response returned to baseline within 24 h. The Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) regulated genes HSPA6 and FOSL-1 followed the Nrf2 time course. While the MTF1 genes also spiked at 4 h, they remained strongly elevated over the entire exposure period. The data and cell culture model utilised will be useful in further research aimed at the refinement of safe human exposure limits for cadmium, other metals and their mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranika Singh
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vidya Chandrasekaran
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barry Hardy
- Edelweiss Connect GmbH, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas E Exner
- Seven Past Nine d.o.o., Hribljane 10, 1380 Cerknica, Slovenia.
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Wang C, Tang T, Wang Y, Nie X, Li K. Simvastatin affects the PPARα signaling pathway and causes oxidative stress and embryonic development interference in Mugilogobius abei. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 239:105951. [PMID: 34467877 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin (SV) is a common hypolipidemic drug in clinical medicine that can reduce endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting hydroxyl-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. SV took a large market share in the lipid-lowering drugs and it is frequently detected in various water bodies due to its increasing consumption in past years. In the present investigation, we selected a native fish species in the Pearl River Basin in China, Mugilogobius abei (M. abei), to study the effects of SV on non-target aquatic organisms. Results showed that a significant decrease in the volume of adipocytes under SV exposure were observed on oil red O section, and the expression of HMG-CoAR decreased significantly. The mRNA and protein expression of PPARα were significantly up-regulated, the expressions of other genes related to lipid metabolism were up-regulated to varying degrees as well. There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of SV and the protein expressions of plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and cholesterolester transfer protein (CETP). In addition, the frozen sections showed that SV led to ROS accumulation in liver in a time and concentration dependent manner. The mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 were significantly up-regulated after 24 hours of SV exposure. Some biomarkers associated with antioxidant such as Trx2, TrxR and MDA content were positively correlated with the exposure concentration and time, while the content of GSH decreased sharply. It is noteworthy that the environmentally relevant concentration (0.5 μg/L) of SV exposure caused delayed embryonic development and deformations, decreased hatching rates. We conclude that SV promotes fat metabolism, gives rise to oxidative stress and has significant toxicity on embryo development in M. abei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianli Tang
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kaibin Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
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Paiboonrungruang C, Simpson E, Xiong Z, Huang C, Li J, Li Y, Chen X. Development of targeted therapy of NRF2 high esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110105. [PMID: 34358647 PMCID: PMC8403639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease and one of the most aggressive cancers of the gastrointestinal tract. As a master transcription factor regulating the stress response, NRF2 is often mutated and becomes hyperactive, and thus causes chemo-radioresistance and poor survival in human ESCC. There is a great need to develop NRF2 inhibitors for targeted therapy of NRF2high ESCC. In this review, we mainly focus on three aspects, NRF2 inhibitors and their mechanisms of action, screening novel drug targets, and evaluation of NRF2 activity in the esophagus. A research strategy has been proposed to develop NRF2 inhibitors using human ESCC cells and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorlada Paiboonrungruang
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Emily Simpson
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Zhaohui Xiong
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Caizhi Huang
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jianying Li
- Euclados Bioinformatics Solutions, Cary, NC 27519, USA
| | - Yahui Li
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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31
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Cheng C, Yuan F, Chen XP, Zhang W, Zhao XL, Jiang ZP, Zhou HH, Zhou G, Cao S. Inhibition of Nrf2-mediated glucose metabolism by brusatol synergistically sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to Ara-C. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111652. [PMID: 34112534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance remains to be the primary barrier to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment failure. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been well established as a truly pleiotropic transcription factor. Inhibition of Nrf2 function increases the sensitivity of various chemotherapeutics and overcomes chemoresistance effectively. Brusatol (Bru) has been reported to decrease Nrf2 protein expression specifically by ubiquitin degradation of Nrf2. However, it remains elusive whether combination of Brusatol and Cytarabine (Ara-C) elicits a synergistic antitumor effect in AML. Our results demonstrated that combination of Ara-C and Brusatol synergistically exerted remarkable pro-apoptosis effect in HL-60 and THP-1 cells. Mechanistically, synergistic anti-tumor effect of Ara-C/Brusatol in AML cells is mediated by attenuating Nrf2 expression. To our surprise, Nrf2 inhibition by Brusatol causes downregulation of the expression of glycolysis-related proteins and decreased glucose consumption and lactate production, whereas the level of ROS production was unaffected. The activation of Nrf2 by Sulforaphane (SFP) could reverse the chemotherapeutic effect and changes of glycolysis of concomitant of Ara-C with Brusatol in AML cell lines. Additionally, Ara-C/Brusatol co-treatment decreased Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protein expression and increased the sensitivity of Ara-C. Moreover, the mouse xenograft in vivo experiment confirmed that combining Ara-C with Brusatol exerted stronger antileukemia than Ara-C alone. The efficacy, together with the mechanistic observations, reveals the potential of simultaneously giving these two drugs and provides a rational basis for targeting glucose catabolism in future clinical therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xie-Lan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China
| | - Gan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China; National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410078, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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Zoccarato A, Nabeebaccus AA, Oexner RR, Santos CXC, Shah AM. The nexus between redox state and intermediary metabolism. FEBS J 2021; 289:5440-5462. [PMID: 34496138 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not just a by-product of cellular metabolic processes but act as signalling molecules that regulate both physiological and pathophysiological processes. A close connection exists in cells between redox homeostasis and cellular metabolism. In this review, we describe how intracellular redox state and glycolytic intermediary metabolism are closely coupled. On the one hand, ROS signalling can control glycolytic intermediary metabolism by direct regulation of the activity of key metabolic enzymes and indirect regulation via redox-sensitive transcription factors. On the other hand, metabolic adaptation and reprogramming in response to physiological or pathological stimuli regulate intracellular redox balance, through mechanisms such as the generation of reducing equivalents. We also discuss the impact of these intermediary metabolism-redox circuits in physiological and disease settings across different tissues. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating these intermediary metabolism-redox circuits will be crucial to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Adam A Nabeebaccus
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Rafael R Oexner
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
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33
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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan S, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ. Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13886. [PMID: 34350614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane belongs to the active class of isothiocyanates capable of delivering various biological benefits for health promotion and disease prevention. This compound is considered vital to curtail numerous metabolic disorders. Various studies have proven its beneficial effects against cancer prevention and its possible utilization as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and possible interactions at cellular and subcellular levels is key to design and develop cancer therapeutics for humans. In this respect, a number of mechanisms such as modulation of carcinogen metabolism & phase II enzymatic activities, cell cycle arrest, activation of Nrf2, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways have been reported to be involved in cancer prevention. This article provides sufficient information by critical analysis to understand the mechanisms involved in cancer prevention attributed to sulforaphane. Furthermore, various clinical studies have also been included for design and development of novel therapies for cancer prevention and cure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diet and dietary components are potential tools to address various lifestyle-related disorders. Due to plenty of environmental and cellular toxicants, the chances of cancer prevalence are quite large which are worsen by adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Cancer can be treated with various therapies but those are acquiring side effects causing the patients to suffer the treatment regime. Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide safer options to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In this regard, sulforaphane is a pivotal compound to be targeted as a potential agent for cancer treatment both in preventive and therapeutic regimes. This article provides sufficient evidence via discussing the underlying mechanisms of positive effects of sulforaphane to further the research for developing anticancer drugs that will help assuage this lethal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- School of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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34
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Panieri E, Saso L. Inhibition of the NRF2/KEAP1 Axis: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy to Alter Redox Balance of Cancer Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1428-1483. [PMID: 33403898 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (NRF2/KEAP1) pathway is a crucial and highly conserved defensive system that is required to maintain or restore the intracellular homeostasis in response to oxidative, electrophilic, and other types of stress conditions. The tight control of NRF2 function is maintained by a complex network of biological interactions between positive and negative regulators that ultimately ensure context-specific activation, culminating in the NRF2-driven transcription of cytoprotective genes. Recent Advances: Recent studies indicate that deregulated NRF2 activation is a frequent event in malignant tumors, wherein it is associated with metabolic reprogramming, increased antioxidant capacity, chemoresistance, and poor clinical outcome. On the other hand, the growing interest in the modulation of the cancer cells' redox balance identified NRF2 as an ideal therapeutic target. Critical Issues: For this reason, many efforts have been made to identify potent and selective NRF2 inhibitors that might be used as single agents or adjuvants of anticancer drugs with redox disrupting properties. Despite the lack of specific NRF2 inhibitors still represents a major clinical hurdle, the researchers have exploited alternative strategies to disrupt NRF2 signaling at different levels of its biological activation. Future Directions: Given its dualistic role in tumor initiation and progression, the identification of the appropriate biological context of NRF2 activation and the specific clinicopathological features of patients cohorts wherein its inactivation is expected to have clinical benefits, will represent a major goal in the field of cancer research. In this review, we will briefly describe the structure and function of the NRF2/ KEAP1 system and some of the most promising NRF2 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on natural compounds and drug repurposing. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1428-1483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer," University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Liu P, Dodson M, Li H, Schmidlin CJ, Shakya A, Wei Y, Garcia JGN, Chapman E, Kiela PR, Zhang QY, White E, Ding X, Ooi A, Zhang DD. Non-canonical NRF2 activation promotes a pro-diabetic shift in hepatic glucose metabolism. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101243. [PMID: 33933676 PMCID: PMC8164084 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective NRF2, a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox and metabolic homeostasis, plays a dual role in human disease. While it is well known that canonical intermittent NRF2 activation protects against diabetes-induced tissue damage, little is known regarding the effects of prolonged non-canonical NRF2 activation in diabetes. The goal of this study was to determine the role and mechanisms of prolonged NRF2 activation in arsenic diabetogenicity. Methods To test this, we utilized an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach to assess diabetogenic changes in the livers of wild type, Nrf2−/−, p62−/−, or Nrf2−/−; p62−/− mice exposed to arsenic in the drinking water for 20 weeks. Results In contrast to canonical oxidative/electrophilic activation, prolonged non-canonical NRF2 activation via p62-mediated sequestration of KEAP1 increases carbohydrate flux through the polyol pathway, resulting in a pro-diabetic shift in glucose homeostasis. This p62- and NRF2-dependent increase in liver fructose metabolism and gluconeogenesis occurs through the upregulation of four novel NRF2 target genes, ketohexokinase (Khk), sorbitol dehydrogenase (Sord), triokinase/FMN cyclase (Tkfc), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (Hnf4A). Conclusion We demonstrate that NRF2 and p62 are essential for arsenic-mediated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, revealing a pro-diabetic role for prolonged NRF2 activation in arsenic diabetogenesis. The role of non-canonical activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in type II diabetes has not been determined. Chronic activation of Nrf2 promotes a pro-diabetic shift in the liver polyol pathway that increases blood glucose levels. Four newly identified Nrf2 target genes are responsible for the diabetogenic shift in liver carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Cody J Schmidlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aryatara Shakya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yongyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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36
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Song MY, Lee DY, Chun KS, Kim EH. The Role of NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling Pathway in Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4376. [PMID: 33922165 PMCID: PMC8122702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, also called Nfe2l2) and its cytoplasmic repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are major regulators of redox homeostasis controlling a multiple of genes for detoxification and cytoprotective enzymes. The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway is a fundamental signaling cascade responsible for the resistance of metabolic, oxidative stress, inflammation, and anticancer effects. Interestingly, a recent accumulation of evidence has indicated that NRF2 exhibits an aberrant activation in cancer. Evidence has shown that the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway is associated with the proliferation of cancer cells and tumerigenesis through metabolic reprogramming. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulatory molecular mechanism of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway against metabolic reprogramming in cancer, suggesting that the regulation of NRF2/KEAP1 axis might approach as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (M.-Y.S.); (D.-Y.L.)
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Ekuban FA, Zong C, Takikawa M, Morikawa K, Sakurai T, Ichihara S, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Ohsako S, Ichihara G. Genetic ablation of Nrf2 exacerbates neurotoxic effects of acrylamide in mice. Toxicology 2021; 456:152785. [PMID: 33872730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR), a recognized neurotoxicant in humans and experimental animals, is widely used in industry and in food generated through Maillard reaction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the cellular defense system and activates antioxidants and cytoprotective genes. The exact roles of Nrf2 in environmental electrophile-induced neurotoxicity is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of Nrf2 in ACR-induced neurotoxicity including degeneration of monoaminergic axons and sensorimotor dysfunction. Male 10-week-old C57BL/6JJcl Nrf2-knockout mice and wild type (WT) counterparts were each divided into four groups of 12 and provided with drinking water containing acrylamide at 0, 67, 110 or 200 ppm for four weeks. The effects of acrylamide were examined by landing foot spread test, immunohistochemistry for noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT)-containing axons and Iba1-positive microglia in the prefrontal cortex as well as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on antioxidant, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes in the prefrontal cortex. Relative to the wild type, exposure of Nrf2-knockout mice to acrylamide increased hindlimb splay length, microglial area and process length as well as decreasing the density of NA and 5-HT-immunoreactive axons to a greater extent. Moreover, deletion of Nrf2 gene suppressed acrylamide-induced mRNA upregulation of Nrf2-antioxidants, NAD(P): quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as anti-inflammatory markers such as, arginase-1 (Arg1), found in the inflammatory zone-1 (Fizz1), chitinase-like 3 (Chi3l3), interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα), cluster of differentiation 206 (CD206) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) while enhancing acrylamide-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the prefrontal cortex. The results demonstrate susceptibility of mice lacking the Nrf2 gene to acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation with the activation of microglia. Moreover, the results suggest the role of Nrf2 not only in induction of antioxidant gene expression, but also in suppression of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Adams Ekuban
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Madoka Takikawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kota Morikawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiichiroh Ohsako
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.
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Xiong S, Chng WJ, Zhou J. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a dynamic duo in multiple myeloma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3883-3906. [PMID: 33599798 PMCID: PMC8106603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Under physiological and pathological conditions, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to deal with the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy arising from immunoglobulin-secreting plasma cells. MM cells are subject to continual ER stress and highly dependent on the UPR signaling activation due to overproduction of paraproteins. Mounting evidence suggests the close linkage between ER stress and oxidative stress, demonstrated by overlapping signaling pathways and inter-organelle communication pivotal to cell fate decision. Imbalance of intracellular homeostasis can lead to deranged control of cellular functions and engage apoptosis due to mutual activation between ER stress and reactive oxygen species generation through a self-perpetuating cycle. Here, we present accumulating evidence showing the interactive roles of redox homeostasis and proteostasis in MM pathogenesis and drug resistance, which would be helpful in elucidating the still underdefined molecular pathways linking ER stress and oxidative stress in MM. Lastly, we highlight future research directions in the development of anti-myeloma therapy, focusing particularly on targeting redox signaling and ER stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), The National University Health System (NUHS), 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jianbiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Republic of Singapore.
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore.
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Stenvinkel P, Meyer CJ, Block GA, Chertow GM, Shiels PG. Understanding the role of the cytoprotective transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-lessons from evolution, the animal kingdom and rare progeroid syndromes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 35:2036-2045. [PMID: 31302696 PMCID: PMC7716811 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoprotective transcriptor factor nuclear factor erythroid 2– related factor 2 (NRF2) is part of a complex regulatory network that responds to environmental cues. To better understand its role in a cluster of inflammatory and pro-oxidative burden of lifestyle diseases that accumulate with age, lessons can be learned from evolution, the animal kingdom and progeroid syndromes. When levels of oxygen increased in the atmosphere, mammals required ways to protect themselves from the metabolic toxicity that arose from the production of reactive oxygen species. The evolutionary origin of the NRF2–Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signalling pathway from primitive origins has been a prerequisite for a successful life on earth, with checkpoints in antioxidant gene expression, inflammation, detoxification and protein homoeostasis. Examples from the animal kingdom suggest that superior antioxidant defense mechanisms with enhanced NRF2 expression have been developed during evolution to protect animals during extreme environmental conditions, such as deep sea diving, hibernation and habitual hypoxia. The NRF2–KEAP1 signalling pathway is repressed in progeroid (accelerated ageing) syndromes and a cluster of burden of lifestyle disorders that accumulate with age. Compelling links exist between tissue hypoxia, senescence and a repressed NRF2 system. Effects of interventions that activate NRF2, including nutrients, and more potent (semi)synthetic NRF2 agonists on clinical outcomes are of major interest. Given the broad-ranging actions of NRF2, we need to better understand the mechanisms of activation, biological function and regulation of NRF2 and its inhibitor, KEAP1, in different clinical conditions to ensure that modulation of this thiol-based system will not result in major adverse effects. Lessons from evolution, the animal kingdom and conditions of accelerated ageing clarify a major role of a controlled NRF2–KEAP1 system in healthy ageing and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Glenn M Chertow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
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Vairetti M, Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Richelmi P, Ferrigno A, Berardo C. Changes in Glutathione Content in Liver Diseases: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:364. [PMID: 33670839 PMCID: PMC7997318 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide particularly concentrated in the liver, is the most important thiol reducing agent involved in the modulation of redox processes. It has also been demonstrated that GSH cannot be considered only as a mere free radical scavenger but that it takes part in the network governing the choice between survival, necrosis and apoptosis as well as in altering the function of signal transduction and transcription factor molecules. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview on the molecular biology of the GSH system; therefore, GSH synthesis, metabolism and regulation will be reviewed. The multiple GSH functions will be described, as well as the importance of GSH compartmentalization into distinct subcellular pools and inter-organ transfer. Furthermore, we will highlight the close relationship existing between GSH content and the pathogenesis of liver disease, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), chronic cholestatic injury, ischemia/reperfusion damage, hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finally, the potential therapeutic benefits of GSH and GSH-related medications, will be described for each liver disorder taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.C.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
| | | | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Unit of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.C.); (P.R.); (C.B.)
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Arroyave-Ospina JC, Wu Z, Geng Y, Moshage H. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Prevention and Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020174. [PMID: 33530432 PMCID: PMC7911109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is considered a major factor in the pathophysiology of inflammatory chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD). Chronic impairment of lipid metabolism is closely related to alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance, which affect metabolism-related organelles, leading to cellular lipotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased OxS also triggers hepatocytes stress pathways, leading to inflammation and fibrogenesis, contributing to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The antioxidant response, regulated by the Nrf2/ARE pathway, is a key component in this process and counteracts oxidative stress-induced damage, contributing to the restoration of normal lipid metabolism. Therefore, modulation of the antioxidant response emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. This review highlights the link between disturbed lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NAFLD. In addition, emerging potential therapies based on antioxidant effects and their likely molecular targets are discussed.
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Baird L, Yamamoto M. NRF2-Dependent Bioactivation of Mitomycin C as a Novel Strategy To Target KEAP1-NRF2 Pathway Activation in Human Cancer. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e00473-20. [PMID: 33139492 PMCID: PMC8093492 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00473-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway are found in approximately 25% of lung tumors, where the hijacking of NRF2's cytoprotective functions results in aggressive tumor growth, chemoresistance, and a poor prognosis for patients. There are currently no approved drugs which target aberrant NRF2 activation, which means that there is an urgent clinical need to target this orphan oncogenic pathway in human tumors. In this study, we used an isogenic pair of wild-type and Keap1 knockout cells to screen a range of chemotherapeutic and pathway-targeted anticancer drugs in order to identify compounds which display enhanced toxicity toward cells with high levels of Nrf2 activity. Through this approach, complemented by validation across a panel of eight human cancer cell lines from a range of different tissues, we identified the DNA-damaging agent mitomycin C to be significantly more toxic in cells with aberrant Nrf2 activation. Mechanistically, we found that the NRF2 target genes for cytochrome P450 reductase, NQO1, and enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway are all responsible for the NRF2-dependent enhanced bioactivation of mitomycin C. As mitomycin C is already approved for clinical use, it represents as excellent drug repositioning candidate to target the currently untreatable NRF2 activation in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Baird
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Ramos-Tovar E, Muriel P. Molecular Mechanisms That Link Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Liver. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121279. [PMID: 33333846 PMCID: PMC7765317 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts are the main producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form the fibrotic tissue that leads to hepatic fibrosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can directly activate HSCs or induce inflammation or programmed cell death, especially pyroptosis, in hepatocytes, which in turn activates HSCs and fibroblasts to produce ECM proteins. Therefore, antioxidants and the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 signaling pathway play critical roles in modulating the profibrogenic response. The master proinflammatory factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may coordinate to produce and activate profibrogenic molecules such as interleukins 1β and 18, which effectively activate HSCs, to produce large amounts of fibrotic proteins. Furthermore, the NLRP3 inflammasome activates pro-caspase 1, which is upregulated by NF-κB, to produce caspase 1, which induces pyroptosis via gasdermin and the activation of HSCs. ROS play central roles in the activation of the NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathways via IκB (an inhibitor of NF-κB) and thioredoxin-interacting protein, respectively, thereby linking the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Elucidating these molecular pathways may pave the way for the development of therapeutic tools to interfere with specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ramos-Tovar
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, School of Higher Education in Medicine-IPN, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-57473303; Fax: +52-55-57473394
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Zhao J, Lin X, Meng D, Zeng L, Zhuang R, Huang S, Lv W, Hu J. Nrf2 Mediates Metabolic Reprogramming in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:578315. [PMID: 33324555 PMCID: PMC7726415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.578315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2–related factor-2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant genes. Both Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mutations and Nrf2 mutations contribute to the activation of Nrf2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nrf2 activity is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC. Metabolic reprogramming represents a cancer hallmark. Increasing studies reveal that Nrf2 activation promotes metabolic reprogramming in cancer. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of Nrf2-mediated metabolic reprogramming and elucidate its role in NSCLC. Inhibition of Nrf2 can alter metabolic processes, thus suppress tumor growth, prevent metastasis, and increase sensitivity to chemotherapy in NSCLC. In conclusion, Nrf2 may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runzhou Zhuang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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45
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O’Brien J, Wendell SG. Electrophile Modulation of Inflammation: A Two-Hit Approach. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110453. [PMID: 33182676 PMCID: PMC7696920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic small molecules have gained significant attention over the last decade in the field of covalent drug discovery. Long recognized as mediators of the inflammatory process, recent evidence suggests that electrophiles may modulate the immune response through the regulation of metabolic networks. These molecules function as pleiotropic signaling mediators capable of reversibly reacting with nucleophilic biomolecules, most notably at reactive cysteines. More specifically, electrophiles target critical cysteines in redox regulatory proteins to activate protective pathways such as the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) antioxidant signaling pathway while also inhibiting Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB). During inflammatory states, reactive species broadly alter cell signaling through the oxidation of lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids, effectively propagating the inflammatory sequence. Subsequent changes in metabolic signaling inform immune cell maturation and effector function. Therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory pathologies leverage electrophilic drug compounds, in part, because of their documented effect on the redox balance of the cell. With mounting evidence demonstrating the link between redox signaling and metabolism, electrophiles represent ideal therapeutic candidates for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Through their pleiotropic signaling activity, electrophiles may be used strategically to both directly and indirectly target immune cell metabolism.
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46
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Xue D, Zhou X, Qiu J. Emerging role of NRF2 in ROS-mediated tumor chemoresistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110676. [PMID: 32858502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a central cause for the tumor management failure. Cancer cells disrupt the redox homeostasis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory mechanisms, leading to tumor progression and chemoresistance. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of neutralizing cellular ROS and restoring redox balance. Understanding the role of NRF2 in ROS-mediated chemoresistance can be helpful in the development of chemotherapy strategies with better efficiency. In this review, we sum up the roles of ROS in the development of chemoresistance to classical chemotherapy agents including cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, and how to overcome ROS-mediated tumor chemoresistance by targeting NRF2. Finally, we propose that targeting NRF2 might be a promising strategy to resist ROS-driven chemoresistance and acquire better efficacy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Xue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiongming Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaxuan Qiu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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He F, Antonucci L, Karin M. NRF2 as a regulator of cell metabolism and inflammation in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:405-416. [PMID: 32347301 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master transcriptional regulator of genes whose products defend our cells for toxic and oxidative insults. Although NRF2 activation may reduce cancer risk by suppressing oxidative stress and tumor-promoting inflammation, many cancers exhibit elevated NRF2 activity either due to mutations that disrupt the negative control of NRF2 activity or other factors. Importantly, NRF2 activation is associated with poor prognosis and NRF2 has turned out to be a key activator of cancer-supportive anabolic metabolism. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles played by NRF2 in cancer focusing on metabolic reprogramming and tumor-promoting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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48
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Knatko EV, Tatham MH, Zhang Y, Castro C, Higgins M, Dayalan Naidu S, Leonardi C, de la Vega L, Honda T, Griffin JL, Hay RT, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Downregulation of Keap1 Confers Features of a Fasted Metabolic State. iScience 2020; 23:101638. [PMID: 33103077 PMCID: PMC7575887 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its main negative regulator, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), are at the interface between redox and intermediary metabolism, allowing adaptation and survival under conditions of oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress. Nrf2 is the principal determinant of redox homeostasis, and contributes to mitochondrial function and integrity and cellular bioenergetics. Using proteomics and lipidomics, we show that genetic downregulation of Keap1 in mice, and the consequent Nrf2 activation to pharmacologically relevant levels, leads to upregulation of carboxylesterase 1 (Ces1) and acyl-CoA oxidase 2 (Acox2), decreases triglyceride levels, and alters the lipidome. This is accompanied by downregulation of hepatic ATP-citrate lyase (Acly) and decreased levels of acetyl-CoA, a trigger for autophagy. These findings suggest that downregulation of Keap1 confers features of a fasted metabolic state, which is an important consideration in the drug development of Keap1-targeting pharmacologic Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Knatko
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Michael H. Tatham
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Cecilia Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Maureen Higgins
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Chiara Leonardi
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Tadashi Honda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ronald T. Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Nrf2 in Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Liver Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102932. [PMID: 33053665 PMCID: PMC7599585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway represents a powerful cell defense mechanism against a variety of toxic insults, its role in acute or chronic liver damage and tumor development is not completely understood. This review addresses how Nrf2 is involved in liver pathophysiology and critically discusses the contrasting results emerging from the literature. The aim of the present report is to stimulate further investigation on the role of Nrf2 that could lead to define the best strategies to therapeutically target this pathway. Abstract Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, the most important cell defense signal, triggered to neutralize the harmful effects of electrophilic and oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in cell survival. Therefore, its ability to attenuate acute and chronic liver damage, where oxidative stress represents the key player, is not surprising. On the other hand, while Nrf2 promotes proliferation in cancer cells, its role in non-neoplastic hepatocytes is a matter of debate. Another topic of uncertainty concerns the nature of the mechanisms of Nrf2 activation in hepatocarcinogenesis. Indeed, it remains unclear what is the main mechanism behind the sustained activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis. This raises doubts about the best strategies to therapeutically target this pathway. In this review, we will analyze and discuss our present knowledge concerning the role of Nrf2 in hepatic physiology and pathology, including hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, we will critically examine and discuss some findings originating from animal models that raise questions that still need to be adequately answered.
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50
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Solano-Urrusquieta A, Morales-González JA, Castro-Narro GE, Cerda-Reyes E, Flores-Rangel PD, Fierros-Oceguera R. NRF-2 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hepatol 2020; 19:458-465. [PMID: 31959521 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, chronic liver diseases have conditioned morbidity and mortality, many of these with a metabolic, toxicologic, immunologic, viral, or other etiology. Thus, a transcription factor that has been of huge importance for biomedical research is NRF-2. The latter is considered a principal component of the antioxidant mechanism, and it has been acknowledged that it impairs the function of NRF-2 in many liver diseases and that it forms an essential part of the pathologic changes that occur in the liver to contain inflammation and damage. Within the investigations and experiments carried out, there are isolated drugs, many of them related to plants and natural extracts that possess antioxidant properties through the NRF-2 signaling pathway, or even involving the stimulation of the transcription target proteins of NRF-2. Notwithstanding all of these experimental findings, to date there is not sufficient clinical evidence to justify the use of NRF-2 in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A Morales-González
- Laboratory of Conservation Medicine, Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | | | - Eira Cerda-Reyes
- Gastroenterology Section of the Central Military Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico
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