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Rodríguez-Vidal L, Alcauter S, Barrios FA. The functional connectivity of the human claustrum, according to the Human Connectome Project database. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298349. [PMID: 38635579 PMCID: PMC11025802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The claustrum is an irregular and fine sheet of grey matter in the basolateral telencephalon present in almost all mammals. The claustrum has been the object of several studies using animal models and, more recently, in human beings using neuroimaging. One of the most extended cognitive processes attributed to the claustrum is the salience process, which is also related to the insular cortex. In the same way, studies with human subjects and functional magnetic resonance imaging have reported the coactivation of the claustrum/insular cortex in the integration of sensory signals. This coactivation has been reported in the left claustrum/insular cortex or in the right claustrum/insular cortex. The asymmetry has been reported in task studies and literature related to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, relating the severity of delusions with the reduction in left claustral volume. We present a functional connectivity study of the claustrum. Resting-state functional and anatomical MRI data from 100 healthy subjects were analyzed; taken from the Human Connectome Project (HCP, NIH Blueprint: The Human Connectome Project), with 2x2x2 mm3 voxel resolution. We hypothesize that 1) the claustrum is a node involved in different brain networks, 2) the functional connectivity pattern of the claustrum is different from the insular cortex's pattern, and 3) the asymmetry is present in the claustrum's functional connectivity. Our findings include at least three brain networks related to the claustrum. We found functional connectivity between the claustrum, frontoparietal network, and the default mode network as a distinctive attribute. The functional connectivity between the right claustrum with the frontoparietal network and the dorsal attention network supports the hypothesis of claustral asymmetry. These findings provide functional evidence, suggesting that the claustrum is coupled with the frontoparietal network serving together to instantiate new task states by flexibly modulating and interacting with other control and processing networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluviana Rodríguez-Vidal
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Fernando A. Barrios
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Neurobiología, Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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2
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Borra E, Ballestrazzi G, Biancheri D, Caminiti R, Luppino G. Involvement of the claustrum in the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry: connectional study in the non-human primate. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02784-6. [PMID: 38615290 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The claustrum is an ancient telencephalic subcortical structure displaying extensive, reciprocal connections with much of the cortex and receiving projections from thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. This structure has a general role in modulating cortical excitability and is considered to be engaged in different cognitive and motor functions, such as sensory integration and perceptual binding, salience-guided attention, top-down executive functions, as well as in the control of brain states, such as sleep and its interhemispheric integration. The present study is the first to describe in detail a projection from the claustrum to the striatum in the macaque brain. Based on tracer injections in different striatal regions and in different cortical areas, we observed a rough topography of the claustral connectivity, thanks to which a claustral zone projects to both a specific striatal territory and to cortical areas involved in a network projecting to the same striatal territory. The present data add new elements of complexity of the basal ganglia information processing mode in motor and non-motor functions and provide evidence for an influence of the claustrum on both cortical functional domains and cortico-basal ganglia circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Borra
- Unità di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gemma Ballestrazzi
- Unità di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Dalila Biancheri
- Unità di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberto Caminiti
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luppino
- Unità di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, 43100, Parma, Italy
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3
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Pałasz A, Lipiec-Borowicz A, Suszka-Świtek A, Kistowska J, Horká P, Kaśkosz A, Piwowarczyk-Nowak A, Worthington JJ, Mordecka-Chamera K. Spexin and nesfatin-1-expressing neurons in the male human claustrum. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102400. [PMID: 38342331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are involved in numerous brain activities being responsible for a wide spectrum of higher mental functions. The purpose of this concise, structural and qualitative investigation was to map the possible immunoreactivity of the novel regulatory peptides: spexin (SPX) and nesfatin-1 within the human claustrum. SPX is a newly identified peptide, a natural ligand for the galanin receptors (GALR) 2/3, with no molecular structure similarities to currently known regulatory factors. SPX seems to have multiple physiological functions, with an involvement in reproduction and food-intake regulation recently revealed in animal studies. Nesfatin-1, a second pleiotropic neuropeptide, which is a derivative of the nucleobindin-2 (NUCB-2) protein, is characterized by a wide distribution in the brain. Nesfatin-1 is a substance with a strong anorexigenic effect, playing an important role in the neuronal circuits of the hypothalamus that regulate food intake and energy homeostasis. On the other hand, nesfatin-1 may be involved in several important brain functions such as sleep, reproductive behaviour, cognitive processes, stress responses and anxiety. For the first time we detected and described a population of nesfatin-1 and SPX expressing neurons in the human claustrum using immunohistochemical and fluorescent methods. The study presents the novel identification of SPX and nesfatin-1 immunopositive neurons in the human claustrum and their assemblies show similar patterns of distribution in the whole structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Anna Lipiec-Borowicz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Kistowska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | - Petra Horká
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 12801 Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrzej Kaśkosz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aneta Piwowarczyk-Nowak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - John J Worthington
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Kinga Mordecka-Chamera
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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4
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Ayyildiz S, Velioglu HA, Ayyildiz B, Sutcubasi B, Hanoglu L, Bayraktaroglu Z, Yildirim S, Atasever A, Yulug B. Differentiation of claustrum resting-state functional connectivity in healthy aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1741-1750. [PMID: 36515182 PMCID: PMC9921234 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The claustrum is a sheet-like of telencephalic gray matter structure whose function is poorly understood. The claustrum is considered a multimodal computing network due to its reciprocal connections with almost all cortical areas as well as subcortical structures. Although the claustrum has been involved in several neurodegenerative diseases, specific changes in connections of the claustrum remain unclear in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Resting-state fMRI and T1-weighted structural 3D images from healthy elderly (n = 15), AD (n = 16), and PD (n = 12) subjects were analyzed. Seed-based FC analysis was performed using CONN FC toolbox and T1-weighted images were analyzed with the Computational Anatomy Toolbox for voxel-based morphometry analysis. While we observed a decreased FC between the left claustrum and sensorimotor cortex, auditory association cortex, and cortical regions associated with social cognition in PD compared with the healthy control group (HC), no significant difference was found in alterations in the FC of both claustrum comparing the HC and AD groups. In the AD group, high FC of claustrum with regions of sensorimotor cortex and cortical regions related to cognitive control, including cingulate gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and insular cortex were demonstrated. In addition, the structural results show significantly decreased volume in bilateral claustrum in AD and PD compared with HC. There were no significant differences in the claustrum volumes between PD and AD groups so the FC may offer more precise findings in distinguishing changes for claustrum in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Ayyildiz
- Anatomy PhD Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Behcet Ayyildiz
- Anatomy PhD Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bernis Sutcubasi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Bayraktaroglu
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute (SABITA), Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Yildirim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Atasever
- Istanbul Medipol University, International School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
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5
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Kuo HC, Xie P, Kuang X, Hirokawa KE, Naeemi M, Yao S, Mallory M, Ouellette B, Lesnar P, Li Y, Ye M, Chen C, Xiong W, Ahmadinia L, El-Hifnawi L, Cetin A, Sorensen SA, Harris JA, Zeng H, Koch C. Regional and cell-type-specific afferent and efferent projections of the mouse claustrum. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112118. [PMID: 36774552 PMCID: PMC10415534 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The claustrum (CLA) is a conspicuous subcortical structure interconnected with cortical and subcortical regions. Its regional anatomy and cell-type-specific connections in the mouse remain not fully determined. Using multimodal reference datasets, we confirmed the delineation of the mouse CLA as a single group of neurons embedded in the agranular insular cortex. We quantitatively investigated brain-wide inputs and outputs of CLA using bulk anterograde and retrograde viral tracing data and single neuron tracing data. We found that the prefrontal module has more cell types projecting to the CLA than other cortical modules, with layer 5 IT neurons predominating. We found nine morphological types of CLA principal neurons that topographically innervate functionally linked cortical targets, preferentially the midline cortical areas, secondary motor area, and entorhinal area. Together, this study provides a detailed wiring diagram of the cell-type-specific connections of the mouse CLA, laying a foundation for studying its functions at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Wang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Yun Wang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hsien-Chi Kuo
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuli Kuang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | | | - Maitham Naeemi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Shenqin Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Matt Mallory
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ben Ouellette
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Phil Lesnar
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yaoyao Li
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Min Ye
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | | | | | - Ali Cetin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Julie A Harris
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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6
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Neubauer A, Menegaux A, Wendt J, Li HB, Schmitz-Koep B, Ruzok T, Thalhammer M, Schinz D, Bartmann P, Wolke D, Priller J, Zimmer C, Rueckert D, Hedderich DM, Sorg C. Aberrant claustrum structure in preterm-born neonates: an MRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103286. [PMID: 36516730 PMCID: PMC9755238 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human claustrum is a gray matter structure in the white matter between insula and striatum. Previous analysis found altered claustrum microstructure in very preterm-born adults associated with lower cognitive performance. As the claustrum development is related to hypoxia-ischemia sensitive transient cell populations being at-risk in premature birth, we hypothesized that claustrum structure is already altered in preterm-born neonates. We studied anatomical and diffusion-weighted MRIs of 83 preterm- and 83 term-born neonates at term-equivalent age. Additionally, claustrum development was analyzed both in a spectrum of 377 term-born neonates and longitudinally in 53 preterm-born subjects. Data was provided by the developing Human Connectome Project. Claustrum development showed increasing volume, increasing fractional anisotropy (FA), and decreasing mean diffusivity (MD) around term both across term- and preterm-born neonates. Relative to term-born ones, preterm-born neonates had (i) increased absolute and relative claustrum volumes, both indicating increased cellular and/or extracellular matter and being in contrast to other subcortical gray matter regions of decreased volumes such as thalamus; (ii) lower claustrum FA and higher claustrum MD, pointing at increased extracellular matrix and impaired axonal integrity; and (iii) aberrant covariance between claustrum FA and MD, respectively, and that of distributed gray matter regions, hinting at relatively altered claustrum microstructure. Results together demonstrate specifically aberrant claustrum structure in preterm-born neonates, suggesting altered claustrum development in prematurity, potentially relevant for later cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Neubauer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany.
| | - Aurore Menegaux
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jil Wendt
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Hongwei Bran Li
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benita Schmitz-Koep
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruzok
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Thalhammer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - David Schinz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Neuropsychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, Berlin, Germany; University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Computing, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Dennis M Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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7
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Madden MB, Stewart BW, White MG, Krimmel SR, Qadir H, Barrett FS, Seminowicz DA, Mathur BN. A role for the claustrum in cognitive control. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:1133-1152. [PMID: 36192309 PMCID: PMC9669149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Early hypotheses of claustrum function were fueled by neuroanatomical data and yielded suggestions that the claustrum is involved in processes ranging from salience detection to multisensory integration for perceptual binding. While these hypotheses spurred useful investigations, incompatibilities inherent in these views must be reconciled to further conceptualize claustrum function amid a wealth of new data. Here, we review the varied models of claustrum function and synthesize them with developments in the field to produce a novel functional model: network instantiation in cognitive control (NICC). This model proposes that frontal cortices direct the claustrum to flexibly instantiate cortical networks to subserve cognitive control. We present literature support for this model and provide testable predictions arising from this conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell B Madden
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brent W Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael G White
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Samuel R Krimmel
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Houman Qadir
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Frederick S Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David A Seminowicz
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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8
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Luo T, Li L, Li J, Cai S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yu S, Yu T. Claustrum modulates behavioral sensitivity and EEG activity of propofol anesthesia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:378-389. [PMID: 36353753 PMCID: PMC9804072 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The claustrum has long been regarded as a vital center for conscious control. Electrical stimulation or damage to the claustrum can result in decreased awareness or loss of consciousness, suggesting that the claustrum may be a target for the action of general anesthetics. This study aimed to determine the role of the claustrum in propofol anesthesia. METHODS We first applied a fiber photometry calcium signal recording system to record the claustral neuronal activity during the entire process of propofol anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustral neurones was then performed to verify their role in anesthesia. Finally, muscimol (GABAa receptor agonist) and gabazine (GABAa receptor antagonist) were microinjected into the claustrum to determine whether their GABAa receptors were involved in modulating propofol anesthesia. EEG and behavioral indicators, such as anesthetic sensitivity and efficacy, were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS An evident anesthesia-related change in claustrum neuronal activity was suppressed during propofol-induced unconsciousness and restored following recovery from anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustrum neurons results in attenuated propofol sensitivity, a shorter anesthesia duration, and an EEG shift toward wakefulness. Manipulation of GABAa receptors in the claustrum showed bidirectional control of propofol sensitivity, as activation decreases anesthesia efficiency while inactivation augments it. Additionally, inhibiting claustrum GABAa receptors increases cortical EEG slow waves. CONCLUSIONS Claustrum neurones and their GABAa receptors are implicated in the modulation of propofol anesthesia in both behavioral and EEG assessments. Our findings create scope to reveal the brain targets of anesthetic action further and add to the existing evidence on the consciousness-modulating role of the claustrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Yuan Luo
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Long‐Yu Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyChongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqingChina
| | - Jia Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Shou‐Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina,Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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9
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Dourron HM, Strauss C, Hendricks PS. Self-Entropic Broadening Theory: Toward a New Understanding of Self and Behavior Change Informed by Psychedelics and Psychosis. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:982-1027. [DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Pollard-Wright H. Feelings of Knowing - Fundamental Interoceptive Patterns (FoK-FIP): a magnetic monopole-like "pure mental" process fundamental to subjective feelings and self-awareness. Commun Integr Biol 2022; 15:1-54. [PMID: 35186178 PMCID: PMC8855850 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2021.2023280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Feelings of Knowing - Fundamental Interoceptive Patterns (FoK-FIP) is a transdisciplinary theory developed to explain elusive phenomena suspected to exist that do not easily lend themselves to empirical measurement. The FoK-FIP theory posits that specialized self-generated biomagnetism and "pure mental" process share similarities with the hypothetical elementary particle described in particle physics, magnetic monopoles with a magnetic charge. Feelings of Knowing (FoK) are "awareness charge" that are self-generated events. Fundamental Interoceptive Patterns (FIP) are restricted oscillatory magnetic fields that are FoK caused phenomena. Further, FoK produces "cognitive force," an observing ego representing specialized interoceptive awareness. Through embodied states, FoK-FIP acts as a "biological node," an informational processing unit in which physiological signals and an observing ego's sensations or feelings are centered. An observing ego cognitively broadcasts using specialized small magnetic signals and four phases of a narrowed range of interoceptive signals. By defining interoceptive signals (i.e., signals of the body's internal state) using FoK-FIP through cognitive broadcasting, an observing ego creates a world it projects around itself. This process is understood through the components map with interoceptive markers (IMs), a novel algorithm based on biological evolution. FoK-FIP-related predictions are described as are empirical studies to test aspects of the theory. The FoK-FIP theory details a path to wellbeing based on a sense of control and capacity for self-care. Mental stability is thought to change as a function of an observing ego's volitional reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Pollard-Wright
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), The National Coalition of Independent Scholars (NCIS)
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11
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Efficient Claustrum Segmentation in T2-weighted Neonatal Brain MRI Using Transfer Learning from Adult Scans. Clin Neuroradiol 2022; 32:665-676. [PMID: 35072752 PMCID: PMC9424135 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-01137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Intrauterine claustrum and subplate neuron development have been suggested to overlap. As premature birth typically impairs subplate neuron development, neonatal claustrum might indicate a specific prematurity impact; however, claustrum identification usually relies on expert knowledge due to its intricate structure. We established automated claustrum segmentation in newborns.
Methods
We applied a deep learning-based algorithm for segmenting the claustrum in 558 T2-weighted neonatal brain MRI of the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) with transfer learning from claustrum segmentation in T1-weighted scans of adults. The model was trained and evaluated on 30 manual bilateral claustrum annotations in neonates.
Results
With only 20 annotated scans, the model yielded median volumetric similarity, robust Hausdorff distance and Dice score of 95.9%, 1.12 mm and 80.0%, respectively, representing an excellent agreement between the automatic and manual segmentations. In comparison with interrater reliability, the model achieved significantly superior volumetric similarity (p = 0.047) and Dice score (p < 0.005) indicating stable high-quality performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the transfer learning technique was demonstrated in comparison with nontransfer learning. The model can achieve satisfactory segmentation with only 12 annotated scans. Finally, the model’s applicability was verified on 528 scans and revealed reliable segmentations in 97.4%.
Conclusion
The developed fast and accurate automated segmentation has great potential in large-scale study cohorts and to facilitate MRI-based connectome research of the neonatal claustrum. The easy to use models and codes are made publicly available.
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12
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Hedderich DM, Menegaux A, Li H, Schmitz-Koep B, Stämpfli P, Bäuml JG, Berndt MT, Bäuerlein FJB, Grothe MJ, Dyrba M, Avram M, Boecker H, Daamen M, Zimmer C, Bartmann P, Wolke D, Sorg C. Aberrant Claustrum Microstructure in Humans after Premature Birth. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5549-5559. [PMID: 34171095 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several observations suggest an impact of prematurity on the claustrum. First, the claustrum's development appears to depend on transient subplate neurons of intra-uterine brain development, which are affected by prematurity. Second, the claustrum is the most densely connected region of the mammalian forebrain relative to its volume; due to its effect on pre-oligodendrocytes, prematurity impacts white matter connections and thereby the development of sources and targets of such connections, potentially including the claustrum. Third, due to its high connection degree, the claustrum contributes to general cognitive functioning (e.g., selective attention and task switching/maintaining); general cognitive functioning, however, is at risk in prematurity. Thus, we hypothesized altered claustrum structure after premature birth, with these alterations being associated with impaired general cognitive performance in premature born persons. Using T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in 70 very preterm/very low-birth-weight (VP/VLBW) born adults and 87 term-born adults, we found specifically increased mean diffusivity in the claustrum of VP/VLBW adults, associated both with low birth weight and at-trend with reduced IQ. This result demonstrates altered claustrum microstructure after premature birth. Data suggest aberrant claustrum development, which is potentially related with aberrant subplate neuron and forebrain connection development of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Aurore Menegaux
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benita Schmitz-Koep
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- MR-Center of the Psychiatric Hospital and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef G Bäuml
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria T Berndt
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix J B Bäuerlein
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Structural Biology, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michel J Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany.,Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mihai Avram
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Schleswig Holstein University Hospital, University Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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13
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Yang F, Sun L, Li J, Lin W. Repetitive seizures after febrile period exclusively involving bilateral claustrum. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27129. [PMID: 34664837 PMCID: PMC8448018 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between acute repetitive seizures and claustrum damage, and to provide basis for the treatment of repetitive seizures exclusively involved the bilateral claustrum.Between August 2014 and October 2015, 5 patients with repetitive seizures after a febrile period were admitted to our hospital, showing exclusive involvement of bilateral claustrum on magnetic resonance images (MRI). All patients underwent serum virology testing, autoimmune antibody test, MRI, and electroencephalograph examination.All patients were young women (16-29 years) with an unremarkable previous medical history, and 2 of them were pregnant. Similar clinical symptoms like antecedent febrile illness in the 3 to 7 days preceding seizures, psychiatric disorder, or dysautonomia occurred in 5 patients. Abnormal MRI signals exclusively confined to the bilateral claustrum appeared in 4 patients during the acute phase and in 1 patient during the chronic phase. All patients accepted empirical treatment with anti-viral and anti-seizure drugs and had good outcomes (seizure-free, though with some residual short-term memory loss) at the 3rd year follow-up.Although the clinical and associated brain imaging findings were characteristic, the etiology was still unclear. Contrary to previous studies, the patients presented here have all received a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lichao Sun
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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14
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Li H, Menegaux A, Schmitz-Koep B, Neubauer A, Bäuerlein FJB, Shit S, Sorg C, Menze B, Hedderich D. Automated claustrum segmentation in human brain MRI using deep learning. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5862-5872. [PMID: 34520080 PMCID: PMC8596988 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, neuroscience has produced intriguing evidence for a central role of the claustrum in mammalian forebrain structure and function. However, relatively few in vivo studies of the claustrum exist in humans. A reason for this may be the delicate and sheet‐like structure of the claustrum lying between the insular cortex and the putamen, which makes it not amenable to conventional segmentation methods. Recently, Deep Learning (DL) based approaches have been successfully introduced for automated segmentation of complex, subcortical brain structures. In the following, we present a multi‐view DL‐based approach to segment the claustrum in T1‐weighted MRI scans. We trained and evaluated the proposed method in 181 individuals, using bilateral manual claustrum annotations by an expert neuroradiologist as reference standard. Cross‐validation experiments yielded median volumetric similarity, robust Hausdorff distance, and Dice score of 93.3%, 1.41 mm, and 71.8%, respectively, representing equal or superior segmentation performance compared to human intra‐rater reliability. The leave‐one‐scanner‐out evaluation showed good transferability of the algorithm to images from unseen scanners at slightly inferior performance. Furthermore, we found that DL‐based claustrum segmentation benefits from multi‐view information and requires a sample size of around 75 MRI scans in the training set. We conclude that the developed algorithm allows for robust automated claustrum segmentation and thus yields considerable potential for facilitating MRI‐based research of the human claustrum. The software and models of our method are made publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurore Menegaux
- TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benita Schmitz-Koep
- TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Neubauer
- TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix J B Bäuerlein
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Suprosanna Shit
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Sorg
- TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjoern Menze
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Hedderich
- TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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15
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Insula activity in resting-state differentiates bipolar from unipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16930. [PMID: 34417487 PMCID: PMC8379217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic overlap of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Mania in medical history remains the only reliable distinguishing marker which is problematic given that episodes of depression compared to episodes of mania are more frequent and predominantly present at the beginning of BD. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a non-invasive, task-free, and well-tolerated method that may provide diagnostic markers acquired from spontaneous neural activity. Previous rs-fMRI studies focused on differentiating BD from MDD depression were inconsistent in their findings due to low sample power, heterogeneity of compared samples, and diversity of analytical methods. This meta-analysis investigated resting-state activity differences in BD and MDD depression using activation likelihood estimation. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for whole-brain rs-fMRI studies which compared MDD and BD currently depressed patients between Jan 2000 and August 2020. Ten studies were included, representing 234 BD and 296 MDD patients. The meta-analysis found increased activity in the left insula and adjacent area in MDD compared to BD. The finding suggests that the insula is involved in neural activity patterns during resting-state that can be potentially used as a biomarker differentiating both disorders.
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16
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Nikolenko VN, Rizaeva NA, Beeraka NM, Oganesyan MV, Kudryashova VA, Dubovets AA, Borminskaya ID, Bulygin KV, Sinelnikov MY, Aliev G. The mystery of claustral neural circuits and recent updates on its role in neurodegenerative pathology. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2021; 17:8. [PMID: 34233707 PMCID: PMC8261917 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The claustrum is a structure involved in formation of several cortical and subcortical neural microcircuits which may be involved in such functions as conscious sensations and rewarding behavior. The claustrum is regarded as a multi-modal information processing network. Pathology of the claustrum is seen in certain neurological disorders. To date, there are not enough comprehensive studies that contain accurate information regarding involvement of the claustrum in development of neurological disorders. OBJECTIVE Our review aims to provide an update on claustrum anatomy, ontogenesis, cytoarchitecture, neural networks and their functional relation to the incidence of neurological diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI MedLine, and eLibrary databases. RESULTS Despite new methods that have made it possible to study the claustrum at the molecular, genetic and epigenetic levels, its functions and connectivity are still poorly understood. The anatomical location, relatively uniform cytoarchitecture, and vast network of connections suggest a divergent role of the claustrum in integration and processing of input information and formation of coherent perceptions. Several studies have shown changes in the appearance, structure and volume of the claustrum in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism, schizophrenia, and depressive disorders. Taking into account the structure, ontogenesis, and functions of the claustrum, this literature review offers insight into understanding the crucial role of this structure in brain function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Sechenov University, 11/10 Mokhovaya St, Moscow, 125009, Russia
- Moscow State University, Vrorbyebi Gori, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Kirill V Bulygin
- Sechenov University, 11/10 Mokhovaya St, Moscow, 125009, Russia
- Moscow State University, Vrorbyebi Gori, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Sechenov University, 11/10 Mokhovaya St, Moscow, 125009, Russia.
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, 117418, Russia.
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov University, 11/10 Mokhovaya St, Moscow, 125009, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, 117418, Russia
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17
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Interference of commissural connections through the genu of the corpus callosum specifically impairs sensorimotor gating. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113383. [PMID: 34048871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
White matter abnormalities in schizophrenic patients are characterized as regional tract-specific. Myelin loss at the genu of the corpus callosum (GCC) is one of the most consistent findings in schizophrenic patients across the different populations. We characterized the axons that pass through the GCC by stereotactically injecting an anterograde axonal tracing viral vector into the forceps minor of the corpus callosum in one hemisphere, and identified the homotopic brain structures that have commissural connections in the two hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex, including the anterior cingulate area, the prelimbic area, the secondary motor area, and the dorsal part of the agranular insular area, along with commissural connections with the primary motor area, caudoputamen, and claustrum. To investigate whether dysmyelination in these commissural connections is critical for the development of schizophrenia symptoms, we generated a mouse model with focal demyelination at the GCC by stereotactically injecting demyelinating agent lysolecithin into this site, and tested these mice in a battery of behavioral tasks that are used to model the schizophrenia-like symptom domains. We found that demyelination at the GCC influenced neither the social interest or mood state, nor the locomotive activity or motor coordination. Nevertheless, it specifically reduced the prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle that is a well-known measure of sensorimotor gating. This study advances our understanding of the pathophysiological contributions of the GCC-specific white matter lesion to the related disease, and demonstrates an indispensable role of interhemispheric communication between the frontal cortices for the top-down regulation of the sensorimotor gating.
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18
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Gamberini M, Passarelli L, Impieri D, Montanari G, Diomedi S, Worthy KH, Burman KJ, Reser DH, Fattori P, Galletti C, Bakola S, Rosa MGP. Claustral Input to the Macaque Medial Posterior Parietal Cortex (Superior Parietal Lobule and Adjacent Areas). Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4595-4611. [PMID: 33939798 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The projections from the claustrum to cortical areas within and adjacent to the superior parietal lobule were studied in 10 macaque monkeys, using retrograde tracers, computerized reconstructions, and quantitative methods. In contrast with the classical view that posterior parietal areas receive afferents primarily from the dorsal and posterior regions of the claustrum, we found that these areas receive more extensive projections, including substantial afferents from the anterior and ventral regions of the claustrum. Moreover, our findings uncover a previously unsuspected variability in the precise regions of the claustrum that originate the projections, according to the target areas. For example, areas dominated by somatosensory inputs for control of body movements tend to receive most afferents from the dorsal-posterior claustrum, whereas those which also receive significant visual inputs tend to receive more afferents from the ventral claustrum. In addition, different areas within these broadly defined groups differ in terms of quantitative emphasis in the origin of projections. Overall, these results argue against a simple model whereby adjacency in the cortex determines adjacency in the sectors of claustral origin of projections and indicate that subnetworks defined by commonality of function may be an important factor in defining claustrocortical topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gamberini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lauretta Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Impieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Montanari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Diomedi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katrina H Worthy
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kathleen J Burman
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David H Reser
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Graduate Entry Medicine Program, Monash Rural Health-Churchill, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sophia Bakola
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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19
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Marriott BA, Do AD, Zahacy R, Jackson J. Topographic gradients define the projection patterns of the claustrum core and shell in mice. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:1607-1627. [PMID: 32975316 PMCID: PMC8048916 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The claustrum is densely connected to the cortex and participates in brain functions such as attention and sleep. Although some studies have reported the widely divergent organization of claustrum projections, others describe parallel claustrocortical connections to different cortical regions. Therefore, the details underlying how claustrum neurons broadcast information to cortical networks remain incompletely understood. Using multicolor retrograde tracing we determined the density, topography, and co-projection pattern of 14 claustrocortical pathways, in mice. We spatially registered these pathways to a common coordinate space and found that the claustrocortical system is topographically organized as a series of overlapping spatial modules, continuously distributed across the dorsoventral claustrum axis. The claustrum core projects predominantly to frontal-midline cortical regions, whereas the dorsal and ventral shell project to the cortical motor system and temporal lobe, respectively. Anatomically connected cortical regions receive common input from a subset of claustrum neurons shared by neighboring modules, whereas spatially separated regions of cortex are innervated by different claustrum modules. Therefore, each output module exhibits a unique position within the claustrum and overlaps substantially with other modules projecting to functionally related cortical regions. Claustrum inhibitory cells containing parvalbumin, somatostatin, and neuropeptide Y also show unique topographical distributions, suggesting different output modules are controlled by distinct inhibitory circuit motifs. The topographic organization of excitatory and inhibitory cell types may enable parallel claustrum outputs to independently coordinate distinct cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Marriott
- Neuroscience and Mental Health InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Alison D. Do
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Ryan Zahacy
- Neuroscience and Mental Health InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Jesse Jackson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health InstituteUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
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20
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Benarroch EE. What is the Role of the Claustrum in Cortical Function and Neurologic Disease? Neurology 2021; 96:110-113. [PMID: 33462127 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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21
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Fujisao EK, Alves KF, Rezende TOP, Betting LE. Analysis of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Quantitative EEG and Neuroimaging. Front Neurol 2020; 11:569943. [PMID: 33324321 PMCID: PMC7726439 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.569943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Investigate areas of correlation between gray matter volumes by MRI and interictal EEG source maps in subtypes of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Method: 71 patients and 36 controls underwent 3T MRI and and routine EEG was performed. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used for gray matter analysis and analysis of interictal discharge sources for quantitative EEG. Voxel-wise correlation analysis was conducted between the gray matter and EEG source maps in MTLE subtypes. Results: The claustrum was the main structure involved in the individual source analysis. Twelve patients had bilateral HA, VBM showed bilateral hippocampal. Twenty-one patients had right HA, VBM showed right hippocampal and thalamic atrophy and negatively correlated involving the right inferior frontal gyrus and insula. Twenty-two patients had left HA, VBM showed left hippocampal atrophy and negatively correlated involving the left temporal lobe and insula. Sixteen patients had MTLE without HA, VBM showed middle cingulate gyrus atrophy and were negatively correlated involving extra-temporal regions, the main one located in postcentral gyrus. Conclusions: Negative correlations between gray matter volumes and EEG source imaging. Neuroanatomical generators of interictal discharges are heterogeneous and vary according to MTLE subtype. Significance: These findings suggest different pathophysiological mechanisms among patients with different subtypes of MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Keiko Fujisao
- Departamento de Neurologia, Psiquiatria e Psicologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Karen Fernanda Alves
- Departamento de Neurologia, Psiquiatria e Psicologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thais O P Rezende
- Departamento de Neurologia, Psiquiatria e Psicologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Betting
- Departamento de Neurologia, Psiquiatria e Psicologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
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22
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Berman S, Schurr R, Atlan G, Citri A, Mezer AA. Automatic Segmentation of the Dorsal Claustrum in Humans Using in vivo High-Resolution MRI. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa062. [PMID: 34296125 PMCID: PMC8153060 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons enclosed by white matter and situated between the insula and the putamen. It is highly interconnected with sensory, frontal, and subcortical regions. The deep location of the claustrum, with its fine structure, has limited the degree to which it could be studied in vivo. Particularly in humans, identifying the claustrum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extremely challenging, even manually. Therefore, automatic segmentation of the claustrum is an invaluable step toward enabling extensive and reproducible research of the anatomy and function of the human claustrum. In this study, we developed an automatic algorithm for segmenting the human dorsal claustrum in vivo using high-resolution MRI. Using this algorithm, we segmented the dorsal claustrum bilaterally in 1068 subjects of the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset, a publicly available high-resolution MRI dataset. We found good agreement between the automatic and manual segmentations performed by 2 observers in 10 subjects. We demonstrate the use of the segmentation in analyzing the covariation of the dorsal claustrum with other brain regions, in terms of macro- and microstructure. We identified several covariance networks associated with the dorsal claustrum. We provide an online repository of 1068 bilateral dorsal claustrum segmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Berman
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roey Schurr
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Gal Atlan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ami Citri
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Aviv A Mezer
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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23
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Abstract
The claustrum is one of the most widely connected regions of the forebrain, yet its function has remained obscure, largely due to the experimentally challenging nature of targeting this small, thin, and elongated brain area. However, recent advances in molecular techniques have enabled the anatomy and physiology of the claustrum to be studied with the spatiotemporal and cell type–specific precision required to eventually converge on what this area does. Here we review early anatomical and electrophysiological results from cats and primates, as well as recent work in the rodent, identifying the connectivity, cell types, and physiological circuit mechanisms underlying the communication between the claustrum and the cortex. The emerging picture is one in which the rodent claustrum is closely tied to frontal/limbic regions and plays a role in processes, such as attention, that are associated with these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Jackson
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jared B. Smith
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Albert K. Lee
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA
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24
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Quartarone A, Cacciola A, Milardi D, Ghilardi MF, Calamuneri A, Chillemi G, Anastasi G, Rothwell J. New insights into cortico-basal-cerebellar connectome: clinical and physiological considerations. Brain 2020; 143:396-406. [PMID: 31628799 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current model of the basal ganglia system based on the 'direct', 'indirect' and 'hyperdirect' pathways provides striking predictions about basal ganglia function that have been used to develop deep brain stimulation approaches for Parkinson's disease and dystonia. The aim of this review is to challenge this scheme in light of new tract tracing information that has recently become available from the human brain using MRI-based tractography, thus providing a novel perspective on the basal ganglia system. We also explore the implications of additional direct pathways running from cortex to basal ganglia and between basal ganglia and cerebellum in the pathophysiology of movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Quartarone
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,IRCCS Centro Neurolesi 'Bonino Pulejo', Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - John Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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25
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Prognostic significance of subsequent extra-temporal involvement in cryptogenic new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) initially diagnosed with limbic encephalitis. Epilepsy Res 2019; 158:106215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Bickel S, Parvizi J. Electrical stimulation of the human claustrum. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 97:296-303. [PMID: 31196825 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To probe the causal importance of the claustrum in human subjective experience, we delivered electrical pulses either unilaterally or bilaterally within the core of this structure in five neurosurgical patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. Patients reported subjective experiences in various sensory domains and exhibited reflexive movements after real but not sham stimulations. However, none of the stimulations evoked loss of consciousness or lack of subjective awareness even with strong bilateral stimulations. Our study is the first to probe the effects of electrical perturbation of human claustrum through electrodes implanted within the claustrum itself and provide novel causal information about the human claustrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bickel
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Josef Parvizi
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America.
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27
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Cytoarchitecture of the dorsal claustrum of the cat: a quantitative Golgi study. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:435-457. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Zhao T, Zhu Y, Tang H, Xie R, Zhu J, Zhang JH. Consciousness: New Concepts and Neural Networks. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:302. [PMID: 31338025 PMCID: PMC6629860 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of consciousness remains a difficult issue that requires urgent understanding and resolution. Currently, consciousness research is an intensely focused area of neuroscience. However, to establish a greater understanding of the concept of consciousness, more detailed, intrinsic neurobiological research is needed. Additionally, an accurate assessment of the level of consciousness may strengthen our awareness of this concept and provide new ideas for patients undergoing clinical treatment of consciousness disorders. In addition, research efforts that help elucidate the concept of consciousness have important scientific and clinical significance. This review presents the latest progress in consciousness research and proposes our assumptions with regard to the network of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John H. Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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29
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Smith JB, Watson GDR, Liang Z, Liu Y, Zhang N, Alloway KD. A Role for the Claustrum in Salience Processing? Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:64. [PMID: 31275119 PMCID: PMC6594418 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The claustrum (CLA) is a subcortical structure, present only in mammals, whose function remains uncertain. Previously, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in awake head-fixed rats, we found evidence that the CLA is part of the rodent homolog of the default mode network (DMN; Smith et al., 2017). This network emerged as strong functional connections between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), mediodorsal (MD) thalamus, and CLA in the awake state, which was not present following administration of isoflurane anesthesia. In the present report, we review evidence indicating that the rodent CLA also has connections with structures identified in the rodent homolog of the salience network (SN), a circuit that directs attention towards the most relevant stimuli among a multitude of sensory inputs (Seeley et al., 2007; Menon and Uddin, 2010). In humans, this circuit consists of functional connections between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and a region that encompasses both the CLA and insular cortex. We further go on to review the similarities and differences between the functional and anatomical connections of the CLA and insula in rodents using both rs-fMRI and neuroanatomical tracing, respectively. We analyze in detail the connectivity of the CLA with the cingulate cortex, which is a major node in the SN and has been shown to modulate attention. When considered with other recent behavior and physiology studies, the data reveal a role for the CLA in salience-guided orienting. More specifically, we hypothesize that limbic information from mPFC, MD thalamus, and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are integrated by the CLA to guide modality-related regions of motor and sensory cortex in directing attention towards relevant (i.e., salient) sensory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared B Smith
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Glenn D R Watson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Laboratory for Comparative Neuroimaging, Institute for Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikang Liu
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, United States.,Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Penn State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kevin D Alloway
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, United States.,Huck Institute of Life Sciences, Penn State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, United States.,Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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30
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Ultrastructure of the dorsal claustrum in cat. II. Synaptic organization. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:383-391. [PMID: 30846200 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The claustrum is a bilateral subcortical nucleus situated between the insular cortex and the striatum in the brain of all mammals. It consists of two embryologically distinct subdivisions - dorsal and ventral claustrum. The claustrum has high connectivity with various areas of the cortex, subcortical and allocortical structures. It has long been suggested that the various claustral connections have different types of synaptic contacts at the claustral neurons. However, to the best of our knowledge, the literature data on the ultrastructural organization of the different types of synaptic contacts in the dorsal claustrum are very few. Therefore, the aim of our study was to observe and describe the synaptic organization of the dorsal claustrum in the cat. We used a total of 10 adult male cats and conducted an ultrastructural study under a transmission electron microscope as per established protocol. We described a multitude of dendritic spines, which were subdivided into two types - with and without foot processes. Based on the size and shape of the terminal boutons, the quantity and distribution of vesicles and the characteristic features of the active synaptic zone, we described six types of synaptic boutons, most of which formed asymmetrical synaptic contacts. Furthermore, we reported the presence of axo-dendritic, axo-somatic, dendro-dendritic and axo-axonal synapses. The former two likely represent the morphological substrate of the corticoclaustral pathway, while the remaining two types have the ultrastructural features of inhibitory synapses, likely forming a local inhibitory circuit in the claustrum. In conclusion, the present study shares new information about the neuropil of the claustrum and proposes a systematic classification of the types of synaptic boutons and contacts observed in the dorsal claustrum of the cat, thus supporting its key and complex role as a structure integrating various information within the brain.
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31
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Kurada L, Bayat A, Joshi S, Koubeissi MZ. The Claustrum in Relation to Seizures and Electrical Stimulation. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:8. [PMID: 30809132 PMCID: PMC6379271 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural mechanisms of altered consciousness that accompanies most epileptic seizures are not known. We have reported alteration of consciousness resulting from electrical stimulation of the claustrum via a depth electrode in a woman with refractory focal epilepsy. Additionally, there are reports that suggest possible claustral involvement in focal epilepsy, including MRI findings of bilaterally increased T2 signal intensity in patients with status epilepticus (SE). Although its cytoarchitecture and connectivity have been studied extensively, the precise role of the claustrum in consciousness processing, and, thus, its contribution to the semiology of dyscognitive seizures are still elusive. To investigate the role of the claustrum in rats, we studied the effect of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the claustrum on performance in the operant chamber. We also studied the inter-claustral and the claustro-hippocampal connectivity through cerebro-cerebral evoked potentials (CCEPs), and investigated the involvement of the claustrum in kainate (KA)-induced seizures. We found that HFS of the claustrum decreased the performance in the operant task in a manner that was proportional to the current intensity used. In this article, we present previously unpublished data about the effect of stimulating extra-claustral regions in the operant chamber task as a control experiment. In these animals, stimulation of the corpus callosum, the largest interhemispheric commissure, as well as the orbitofrontal cortex in the vicinity of the claustrum did not produce that same effect as with claustral stimulation. Additionally, CCEPs established the presence of effective connectivity between both claustra, as well as between the claustrum and bilateral hippocampi indicating that these connections may be part of the circuitry involved in alteration of consciousness in limbic seizures. Lastly, some seizures induced by KA injections showed an early involvement of the claustrum with later propagation to the hippocampi. Further work is needed to clarify the exact role of the claustrum in mediating alteration of consciousness during epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Kurada
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Arezou Bayat
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sweta Joshi
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mohamad Z Koubeissi
- Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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32
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Atlan G, Terem A, Peretz-Rivlin N, Sehrawat K, Gonzales BJ, Pozner G, Tasaka GI, Goll Y, Refaeli R, Zviran O, Lim BK, Groysman M, Goshen I, Mizrahi A, Nelken I, Citri A. The Claustrum Supports Resilience to Distraction. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2752-2762.e7. [PMID: 30122531 PMCID: PMC6485402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A barrage of information constantly assaults our senses, of which only a fraction is relevant at any given point in time. However, the neural circuitry supporting the suppression of irrelevant sensory distractors is not completely understood. The claustrum, a circuit hub with vast cortical connectivity, is an intriguing brain structure, whose restrictive anatomy, thin and elongated, has precluded functional investigation. Here, we describe the use of Egr2-CRE mice to access genetically defined claustral neurons. Utilizing conditional viruses for anterograde axonal labeling and retrograde trans-synaptic tracing, we validated this transgenic model for accessing the claustrum and extended the known repertoire of claustral input/output connectivity. Addressing the function of the claustrum, we inactivated CLEgr2+ neurons, chronically as well as acutely, in mice performing an automated two-alternative forced-choice behavioral task. Strikingly, inhibition of CLEgr2+ neurons did not significantly impact task performance under varying delay times and cue durations, but revealed a selective role for the claustrum in supporting performance in the presence of an irrelevant auditory distractor. Further investigation of behavior, in the naturalistic maternal pup-retrieval task, replicated the result of sensitization to an auditory distractor following inhibition of CLEgr2+ neurons. Initiating investigation into the underlying mechanism, we found that activation of CLEgr2+ neurons modulated cortical sensory processing, suppressing tone representation in the auditory cortex. This functional study, utilizing selective genetic access, implicates the claustrum in supporting resilience to distraction, a fundamental aspect of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Atlan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Terem
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | - Kamini Sehrawat
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Jerry Gonzales
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Guy Pozner
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Gen-Ichi Tasaka
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Goll
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Refaeli
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ori Zviran
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maya Groysman
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Goshen
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Mizrahi
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Israel Nelken
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ami Citri
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre, West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Suite 505, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada.
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33
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Claustral structural connectivity and cognitive impairment in drug naïve Parkinson’s disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:933-944. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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34
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A pilot study of the role of the claustrum in attention and seizures in rats. Epilepsy Res 2018; 140:97-104. [PMID: 29324357 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The claustrum has been implicated in consciousness, and MRIs of patients with status epilepticus have shown increased claustral signal intensity. In an attempt to investigate the role of claustrum in cognition and seizures, we (1) assessed the effect of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the claustrum on performance in the operant chamber; (2) studied interclaustral and claustrohippocampal connectivity through cerebro-cerebral evoked potentials (CCEPs); and (3) investigated the role of claustrum in kainate-induced (KA) seizures. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in operant conditioning and implanted with electrodes in bilateral claustra and hippocampi. Claustrum HFS (50 Hz) was delivered bilaterally and unilaterally with increasing intensities from 50 to 1000 μA, and performance scores were assessed. CCEPs were studied by averaging the responses to bipolar stimulations, 1-ms wide pulses at 0.1 Hz to the claustrum. KA seizures were analyzed on video-EEG recordings. RESULTS Generalized Estimating Equations analysis revealed that claustral stimulation reduced task performance scores relative to rest sessions (bilateral: -15.8 percentage points, p < 0.0001; unilateral: -15.2, p < 0.0001). With some stimulations, the rats showed a stimulus-locked decrease in attentiveness and, occasionally, an inability to complete the operant task. CCEPs demonstrated interclaustral and claustrohippocampal connectivity. Some KA seizures appeared to originate from the claustrum. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the operant conditioning task suggest stimulation of the claustrum can alter attention or awareness. CCEPs demonstrated connectivity between the two claustra and between the claustrum and the hippocampi. Such connectivity may be part of the circuitry that underlies the alteration of awareness in limbic seizures. Lastly, KA seizures showed early involvement of the claustrum, a finding that also supports a possible role of the claustrum in the alteration of consciousness that accompanies dyscognitive seizures.
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35
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Griggs WS, Kim HF, Ghazizadeh A, Costello MG, Wall KM, Hikosaka O. Flexible and Stable Value Coding Areas in Caudate Head and Tail Receive Anatomically Distinct Cortical and Subcortical Inputs. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:106. [PMID: 29225570 PMCID: PMC5705870 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomically distinct areas within the basal ganglia encode flexible- and stable-value memories for visual objects (Hikosaka et al., 2014), but an important question remains: do they receive inputs from the same or different brain areas or neurons? To answer this question, we first located flexible and stable value-coding areas in the caudate head (CDh) and caudate tail (CDt) of two rhesus macaque monkeys, and then injected different retrograde tracers into these areas of each monkey. We found that CDh and CDt received different inputs from several cortical and subcortical areas including temporal cortex, prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, amygdala, claustrum and thalamus. Superior temporal cortex and inferior temporal cortex projected to both CDh and CDt, with more CDt-projecting than CDh-projecting neurons. In superior temporal cortex and dorsal inferior temporal cortex, layers 3 and 5 projected to CDh while layers 3 and 6 projected to CDt. Prefrontal and cingulate cortex projected mostly to CDh bilaterally, less to CDt unilaterally. A cluster of neurons in the basolateral amygdala projected to CDt. Rostral-dorsal claustrum projected to CDh while caudal-ventral claustrum projected to CDt. Within the thalamus, different nuclei projected to either CDh or CDt. The medial centromedian nucleus and lateral parafascicular nucleus projected to CDt while the medial parafascicular nucleus projected to CDh. The inferior pulvinar and lateral dorsal nuclei projected to CDt. The ventral anterior and medial dorsal nuclei projected to CDh. We found little evidence of neurons projecting to both CDh and CDt across the brain. These data suggest that CDh and CDt can control separate functions using anatomically separate circuits. Understanding the roles of these striatal projections will be important for understanding how value memories are created and stored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S Griggs
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hyoung F Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ali Ghazizadeh
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - M Gabriela Costello
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn M Wall
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Okihide Hikosaka
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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36
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New Breakthroughs in Understanding the Role of Functional Interactions between the Neocortex and the Claustrum. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10877-10881. [PMID: 29118217 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1837-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all areas of the neocortex are connected with the claustrum, a nucleus located between the neocortex and the striatum, yet the functions of corticoclaustral and claustrocortical connections remain largely obscure. As major efforts to model the neocortex are currently underway, it has become increasingly important to incorporate the corticoclaustral system into theories of cortical function. This Mini-Symposium was motivated by a series of recent studies which have sparked new hypotheses regarding the function of claustral circuits. Anatomical, ultrastructural, and functional studies indicate that the claustrum is most highly interconnected with prefrontal cortex, suggesting important roles in higher cognitive processing, and that the organization of the corticoclaustral system is distinct from the driver/modulator framework often used to describe the corticothalamic system. Recent findings supporting roles in detecting novel sensory stimuli, directing attention and setting behavioral states, were the subject of the Mini-Symposium at the 2017 Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting.
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37
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Cacciola A, Milardi D, Calamuneri A, Bonanno L, Marino S, Ciolli P, Russo M, Bruschetta D, Duca A, Trimarchi F, Quartarone A, Anastasi G. Constrained Spherical Deconvolution Tractography Reveals Cerebello-Mammillary Connections in Humans. THE CEREBELLUM 2017; 16:483-495. [PMID: 27774574 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the classical view, the cerebellum has long been confined to motor control physiology; however, it has now become evident that it exerts several non-somatic features other than the coordination of movement and is engaged also in the regulation of cognition and emotion. In a previous diffusion-weighted imaging-constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) tractography study, we demonstrated the existence of a direct cerebellum-hippocampal pathway, thus reinforcing the hypothesis of the cerebellar role in non-motor domains. However, our understanding of limbic-cerebellar interconnectivity in humans is rather sparse, primarily due to the intrinsic limitation in the acquisition of in vivo tracing. Here, we provided tractographic evidences of connectivity patterns between the cerebellum and mammillary bodies by using whole-brain CSD tractography in 13 healthy subjects. We found both ipsilateral and contralateral connections between the mammillary bodies, cerebellar cortex, and dentate nucleus, in line with previous studies performed in rodents and primates. These pathways could improve our understanding of cerebellar role in several autonomic functions, visuospatial orientation, and memory and may shed new light on neurodegenerative diseases in which clinically relevant impairments in navigational skills or memory may become manifest at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.,IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", S.S. 113, Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calamuneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", S.S. 113, Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", S.S. 113, Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Ciolli
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Margherita Russo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", S.S. 113, Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruschetta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Duca
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Trimarchi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.,IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", S.S. 113, Via Palermo, C.da Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
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Milardi D, Cacciola A, Calamuneri A, Ghilardi MF, Caminiti F, Cascio F, Andronaco V, Anastasi G, Mormina E, Arrigo A, Bruschetta D, Quartarone A. The Olfactory System Revealed: Non-Invasive Mapping by using Constrained Spherical Deconvolution Tractography in Healthy Humans. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:32. [PMID: 28443000 PMCID: PMC5385345 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the olfactory sense has always been considered with less interest than the visual, auditive or somatic senses, it does plays a major role in our ordinary life, with important implication in dangerous situations or in social and emotional behaviors. Traditional Diffusion Tensor signal model and related tractography have been used in the past years to reconstruct the cranial nerves, including the olfactory nerve (ON). However, no supplementary information with regard to the pathways of the olfactory network have been provided. Here, by using the more advanced Constrained Spherical Deconvolution (CSD) diffusion model, we show for the first time in vivo and non-invasively that, in healthy humans, the olfactory system has a widely distributed anatomical network to several cortical regions as well as to many subcortical structures. Although the present study focuses on an healthy sample size, a similar approach could be applied in the near future to gain important insights with regard to the early involvement of olfaction in several neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrio Milardi
- Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo (IRCCS)Messina, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Calamuneri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Maria F Ghilardi
- Sophie Davis School for Biomedical Education, City College New York (CCNY), The City University of New York (CUNY)New York, NY, USA.,The Fresco Institute for Parkinson's and Movement Disorders, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | | | - Filippo Cascio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Papardo HospitalMessina, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Enricomaria Mormina
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arrigo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Daniele Bruschetta
- Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo (IRCCS)Messina, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo (IRCCS)Messina, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
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39
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Meletti S, Giovannini G, d'Orsi G, Toran L, Monti G, Guha R, Kiryttopoulos A, Pascarella MG, Martino T, Alexopoulos H, Spilioti M, Slonkova J. New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus with Claustrum Damage: Definition of the Clinical and Neuroimaging Features. Front Neurol 2017; 8:111. [PMID: 28396650 PMCID: PMC5366956 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a rare but challenging condition occurring in a previously healthy patient, often with no identifiable cause. We describe the electro-clinical features and outcomes in a group of patients with NORSE who all demonstrated a typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sign characterized by bilateral lesions of the claustrum. The group includes 31 patients (12 personal and 19 previously published cases; 17 females; mean age of 25 years). Fever preceded status epilepticus (SE) in 28 patients, by a mean of 6 days. SE was refractory/super-refractory in 74% of the patients, requiring third-line agents and a median of 15 days staying in an intensive care unit. Focal motor and tonic–clonic seizures were observed in 90%, complex partial seizures in 14%, and myoclonic seizures in 14% of the cases. All patients showed T2/FLAIR hyperintense foci in bilateral claustrum, appearing on average 10 days after SE onset. Other limbic (hippocampus, insular) alterations were present in 53% of patients. Within the personal cases, extensive search for known autoantibodies was inconclusive, though 7 of 11 patients had cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytic pleocytosis and 3 cases had oligoclonal bands. Two subjects died during the acute phase, one in the chronic phase (probable sudden unexplained death in epilepsy), and one developed a persistent vegetative state. Among survivors, 80% developed drug-resistant epilepsy. Febrile illness-related SE associated with bilateral claustrum hyperintensity on MRI represents a condition with defined clinical features and a presumed but unidentified autoimmune etiology. A better characterization of de novo SE is mandatory for the search of specific etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Meletti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, NOCSAE Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giada Giovannini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, NOCSAE Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe d'Orsi
- Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, University of Foggia, Riuniti Hospital , Foggia , Italy
| | - Lisa Toran
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Giulia Monti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Neurology Unit, NOCSAE Hospital, AOU Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Rahul Guha
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA
| | - Andreas Kiryttopoulos
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | | | - Tommaso Martino
- Clinic of Nervous System Diseases, University of Foggia, Riuniti Hospital , Foggia , Italy
| | - Haris Alexopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Neuroimmunology Unit , Athens , Greece
| | - Martha Spilioti
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Jana Slonkova
- Clinic of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava , Ostrava , Czech Republic
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40
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Sitte HH, Pifl C, Rajput AH, Hörtnagl H, Tong J, Lloyd GK, Kish SJ, Hornykiewicz O. Dopamine and noradrenaline, but not serotonin, in the human claustrum are greatly reduced in patients with Parkinson's disease: possible functional implications. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:192-197. [PMID: 27741357 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the human brain, the claustrum is a small subcortical telencephalic nucleus, situated between the insular cortex and the putamen. A plethora of neuroanatomical studies have shown the existence of dense, widespread, bidirectional and bilateral monosynaptic interconnections between the claustrum and most cortical areas. A rapidly growing body of experimental evidence points to the integrative role of claustrum in complex brain functions, from motor to cognitive. Here, we examined for the first time, the behaviour of the classical monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the claustrum of the normal autopsied human brain and of patients who died with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We found in the normal claustrum substantial amounts of all three monoamine neurotransmitters, substantiating the existence of the respective brain stem afferents to the claustrum. In PD, the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline were greatly reduced by 93 and 81%, respectively. Serotonin levels remained unchanged. We propose that by virtue of their projections to the claustrum, the brain stem dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin systems interact directly with the cortico-claustro-cortical information processing mechanisms, by-passing their (parallel) routes via the basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits. We suggest that loss of dopamine and noradrenaline in the PD claustrum is critical in the aetiology of both the motor and the non-motor symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald H Sitte
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13A, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali H Rajput
- Division of Neurology, Saskatchewan Movement Disorders Program, Saskatoon Health Region, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Heide Hörtnagl
- Department of Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Junchao Tong
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stephen J Kish
- Human Brain Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oleh Hornykiewicz
- Centre for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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41
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O’Dwyer L, Tanner C, van Dongen EV, Greven CU, Bralten J, Zwiers MP, Franke B, Heslenfeld D, Oosterlaan J, Hoekstra PJ, Hartman CA, Groen W, Rommelse N, Buitelaar JK. Decreased Left Caudate Volume Is Associated with Increased Severity of Autistic-Like Symptoms in a Cohort of ADHD Patients and Their Unaffected Siblings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165620. [PMID: 27806078 PMCID: PMC5091763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms frequently occur in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While there is evidence that both ADHD and ASD have differential structural brain correlates, knowledge of the structural brain profile of individuals with ADHD with raised ASD symptoms is limited. The presence of ASD-like symptoms was measured by the Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) in a sample of typically developing controls (n = 154), participants with ADHD (n = 239), and their unaffected siblings (n = 144) between the ages of 8 and 29. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates of ASD ratings were analysed by studying the relationship between ASD ratings and grey matter volumes using mixed effects models which controlled for ADHD symptom count and total brain volume. ASD ratings were significantly elevated in participants with ADHD relative to controls and unaffected siblings. For the entire group (participants with ADHD, unaffected siblings and TD controls), mixed effect models revealed that the left caudate nucleus volume was negatively correlated with ASD ratings (t = 2.83; P = 0.005). The current findings are consistent with the role of the caudate nucleus in executive function, including the selection of goals based on the evaluation of action outcomes and the use of social reward to update reward representations. There is a specific volumetric profile associated with subclinical ASD-like symptoms in participants with ADHD, unaffected siblings and controls with the caudate nucleus and globus pallidus being of critical importance in predicting the level of ASD-like symptoms in all three groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence O’Dwyer
- Radboud UMC, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Colby Tanner
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eelco V. van Dongen
- Radboud UMC, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Corina U. Greven
- Radboud UMC, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Radboud UMC, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Radboud UMC, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, V.U. University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Groen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Radboud UMC, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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42
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Schulz SM. Neural correlates of heart-focused interoception: a functional magnetic resonance imaging meta-analysis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:rstb.2016.0018. [PMID: 28080975 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception is the ability to perceive one's internal body state including visceral sensations. Heart-focused interoception has received particular attention, in part due to a readily available task for behavioural assessment, but also due to accumulating evidence for a significant role in emotional experience, decision-making and clinical disorders such as anxiety and depression. Improved understanding of the underlying neural correlates is important to promote development of anatomical-functional models and suitable intervention strategies. In the present meta-analysis, nine studies reporting neural activity associated with interoceptive attentiveness (i.e. focused attention to a particular interoceptive signal for a given time interval) to one's heartbeat were submitted to a multilevel kernel density analysis. The findings corroborated an extended network associated with heart-focused interoceptive attentiveness including the posterior right and left insula, right claustrum, precentral gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. Right-hemispheric dominance emphasizes non-verbal information processing with the posterior insula presumably serving as the major gateway for cardioception. Prefrontal neural activity may reflect both top-down attention deployment and processing of feed-forward cardioceptive information, possibly orchestrated via the claustrum.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Schulz
- Department of Psychology I, University of Würzburg, Marcusstrasse 9-11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany .,Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Würzburg, University Hospital Würzburg, Straubmühlweg 2a, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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43
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Smith JB, Liang Z, Watson GDR, Alloway KD, Zhang N. Interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity of the claustrum in the awake and anesthetized states. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2041-2058. [PMID: 27714529 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The claustrum is a brain region whose function remains unknown, though many investigators suggest it plays a role in conscious attention. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has revealed how anesthesia alters many functional connections in the brain, but the functional role of the claustrum with respect to the awake versus anesthetized states remains unknown. Therefore, we employed a combination of seed-based RS-fMRI and neuroanatomical tracing to reveal how the anatomical connections of the claustrum are related to its functional connectivity during quiet wakefulness and the isoflurane-induced anesthetic state. In awake rats, RS-fMRI indicates that the claustrum has interhemispheric functional connections with the mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as well as other known connections with cortical areas that correspond to the connections revealed by neuroanatomical tracing. During deep isoflurane anesthesia, the functional connections of the claustrum with mPFC and MD were significantly attenuated, while those with the rest of cortex were not significantly altered. These changes in claustral functional connectivity were also observed when seeds were placed in mPFC or MD during RS-fMRI comparisons of the awake and deeply anesthetized states. Collectively, these data indicate that the claustrum has functional connections with mPFC and MD-thalamus that are significantly lessened by anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared B Smith
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, W-341 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Glenn D R Watson
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kevin D Alloway
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Center for Neural Engineering, Penn State University, W-316 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, W-341 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. .,The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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44
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De Benedictis A, Petit L, Descoteaux M, Marras CE, Barbareschi M, Corsini F, Dallabona M, Chioffi F, Sarubbo S. New insights in the homotopic and heterotopic connectivity of the frontal portion of the human corpus callosum revealed by microdissection and diffusion tractography. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4718-4735. [PMID: 27500966 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies revealed that the human corpus callosum (CC) plays a crucial role in providing large-scale bi-hemispheric integration of sensory, motor and cognitive processing, especially within the frontal lobe. However, the literature lacks of conclusive data regarding the structural macroscopic connectivity of the frontal CC. In this study, a novel microdissection approach was adopted, to expose the frontal fibers of CC from the dorsum to the lateral cortex in eight hemispheres and in one entire brain. Post-mortem results were then combined with data from advanced constrained spherical deconvolution in 130 healthy subjects. We demonstrated as the frontal CC provides dense inter-hemispheric connections. In particular, we found three types of fronto-callosal fibers, having a dorso-ventral organization. First, the dorso-medial CC fibers subserve homotopic connections between the homologous medial cortices of the superior frontal gyrus. Second, the ventro-lateral CC fibers subserve homotopic connections between lateral frontal cortices, including both the middle frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus, as well as heterotopic connections between the medial and lateral frontal cortices. Third, the ventro-striatal CC fibers connect the medial and lateral frontal cortices with the contralateral putamen and caudate nucleus. We also highlighted an intricate crossing of CC fibers with the main association pathways terminating in the lateral regions of the frontal lobes. This combined approach of ex vivo microdissection and in vivo diffusion tractography allowed demonstrating a previously unappreciated three-dimensional architecture of the anterior frontal CC, thus clarifying the functional role of the CC in mediating the inter-hemispheric connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4718-4735, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Benedictis
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, 4 Piazza Sant'Onofrio, Roma, 00165, Italy
| | - Laurent Petit
- Groupe D'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut Des Maladies Neurodégénératives - UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Carlo Efisio Marras
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neurosurgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital - IRCCS, 4 Piazza Sant'Onofrio, Roma, 00165, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbareschi
- Department of Histopathology, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy
| | - Francesco Corsini
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy.,Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab, Division of Neurosurgery, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy
| | - Monica Dallabona
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy.,Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab, Division of Neurosurgery, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy
| | - Franco Chioffi
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy.,Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab, Division of Neurosurgery, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy
| | - Silvio Sarubbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy.,Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab, Division of Neurosurgery, "S. Chiara" Hospital, Trento APSS - 9 Largo Medaglie D'Oro, Trento, 38122, Italy
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Del Casale A, Rapinesi C, Kotzalidis GD, De Rossi P, Curto M, Janiri D, Criscuolo S, Alessi MC, Ferri VR, De Giorgi R, Sani G, Ferracuti S, Girardi P, Brugnoli R. Executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: An activation likelihood estimate meta-analysis of fMRI studies. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:378-93. [PMID: 26642972 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1102323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify activation changes assessed in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) through Activation Likelihood Estimate meta-analysis. METHODS We included 28 peer-reviewed standard stereotactic space studies assessing adult OCD patients (OCDpts) vs. healthy controls (HCs) with fMRI during executive task performance. RESULTS In within-group analyses, HCs showed task-related activations in bilateral inferior frontal gyri, right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule, right claustrum, bilateral cingulate gyri, and left caudate body. OCDpts showed task-related left-sided activations in the superior, medial, and inferior frontal gyri, and thalamus, and bilateral activations in the middle frontal gyri, inferior parietal lobule, and insular cortices. Subtraction analysis showed increased left middle frontal gyrus activation in OCDpts. In between-groups analyses, OCDpts hypoactivated the right caudate body, left putamen, left ACC, and right medial and middle frontal gyri. Right caudate hypoactivation persisted also after applying Family-wise error algorithms. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirms that during executive functioning OCDpts show a functional deficit of the right caudate body, which could represent a major neural functional correlate of their illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Casale
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy ;,b Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation , P. Alberto Mileno Onlus Foundation, San Francesco Institute , Vasto , CH , Italy
| | - Chiara Rapinesi
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Pietro De Rossi
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Martina Curto
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Silvia Criscuolo
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Alessi
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Vittoria Rachele Ferri
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Riccardo De Giorgi
- c Department of Pathology , Foundation Year 2, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (NHS Grampian) , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Gabriele Sani
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Roberto Brugnoli
- a Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS) , School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University; Unit of Psychiatry, Sant'andrea Hospital , Rome , Italy
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Wang Q, Ng L, Harris JA, Feng D, Li Y, Royall JJ, Oh SW, Bernard A, Sunkin SM, Koch C, Zeng H. Organization of the connections between claustrum and cortex in the mouse. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:1317-1346. [PMID: 27223051 PMCID: PMC5324679 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The connections between the claustrum and the cortex in mouse are systematically investigated with adeno-associated virus (AAV), an anterograde viral tracer. We first define the boundary and the three-dimensional structure of the claustrum based on a variety of molecular and anatomical data. From AAV injections into 42 neocortical and allocortical areas, we conclude that most cortical areas send bilateral projections to the claustrum, the majority being denser on the ipsilateral side. This includes prelimbic, infralimbic, medial, ventrolateral and lateral orbital, ventral retrosplenial, dorsal and posterior agranular insular, visceral, temporal association, dorsal and ventral auditory, ectorhinal, perirhinal, lateral entorhinal, and anteromedial, posteromedial, lateroposterior, laterointermediate, and postrhinal visual areas. In contrast, the cingulate and the secondary motor areas send denser projections to the contralateral claustrum than to the ipsilateral one. The gustatory, primary auditory, primary visual, rostrolateral visual, and medial entorhinal cortices send projections only to the ipsilateral claustrum. Primary motor, primary somatosensory and subicular areas barely send projections to either ipsi- or contralateral claustrum. Corticoclaustral projections are organized in a rough topographic manner, with variable projection strengths. We find that the claustrum, in turn, sends widespread projections preferentially to ipsilateral cortical areas with different projection strengths and laminar distribution patterns and to certain contralateral cortical areas. Our quantitative results show that the claustrum has strong reciprocal and bilateral connections with prefrontal and cingulate areas as well as strong reciprocal connections with the ipsilateral temporal and retrohippocampal areas, suggesting that it may play a crucial role in a variety of cognitive processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1317-1346, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Wang
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleWashington98109
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleWashington98109
| | | | - David Feng
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleWashington98109
| | - Yang Li
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleWashington98109
| | | | - Seung Wook Oh
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleWashington98109
| | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleWashington98109
| | | | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleWashington98109
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain ScienceSeattleWashington98109
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47
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Gamberini M, Passarelli L, Bakola S, Impieri D, Fattori P, Rosa MGP, Galletti C. Claustral afferents of superior parietal areas PEc and PE in the macaque. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:1475-1488. [PMID: 27243601 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The exposed surface of the primate superior parietal cortex includes two cytoarchitectonically defined areas, the PEc and PE. In the present study we describe the distribution of neurons projecting from the claustrum to these areas. Retrograde neuronal tracers were injected by direct visualization of regions of interest, and the location of injection sites was reconstructed relative to cytoarchitectural borders. For comparison, the patterns of claustral label that resulted from injections involving neighboring cytoarchitectonic areas were analyzed. We found that the claustral territories sending projections to areas PE and PEc partially overlapped zones previously shown to form projections to the posterior parietal, somatosensory, visual, and motor cortex. The projection zones to the PE and PEc overlapped extensively, and consisted of multiple patches separated by label-free zones. Most of the labeled neurons were located in the posterior-ventral part of the claustrum. Area PE received additional inputs from a posterior-dorsal part of the claustrum, which has been previously reported to project to the somatosensory cortex, while the PEc receives additional input from an anterior-ventral region of the claustrum, which has been reported to project to the visual association cortex. These observations reflect the known functional properties of the PE and PEc, with the former containing neurons that are predominantly involved in somatosensory processing, and the latter including both somatosensory and visual neurons. The present results suggest that the claustrum projections may help coordinate the activity of an extensive neural circuit involved in sensory and motor processing for movement execution. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1475-1488, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Gamberini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lauretta Passarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sophia Bakola
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Daniele Impieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Fattori
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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48
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Güngör A, Baydin S, Middlebrooks EH, Tanriover N, Isler C, Rhoton AL. The white matter tracts of the cerebrum in ventricular surgery and hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg 2016; 126:945-971. [PMID: 27257832 DOI: 10.3171/2016.1.jns152082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship of the white matter tracts to the lateral ventricles is important when planning surgical approaches to the ventricles and in understanding the symptoms of hydrocephalus. The authors' aim was to explore the relationship of the white matter tracts of the cerebrum to the lateral ventricles using fiber dissection technique and MR tractography and to discuss these findings in relation to approaches to ventricular lesions. METHODS Forty adult human formalin-fixed cadaveric hemispheres (20 brains) and 3 whole heads were examined using fiber dissection technique. The dissections were performed from lateral to medial, medial to lateral, superior to inferior, and inferior to superior. MR tractography showing the lateral ventricles aided in the understanding of the 3D relationships of the white matter tracts with the lateral ventricles. RESULTS The relationship between the lateral ventricles and the superior longitudinal I, II, and III, arcuate, vertical occipital, middle longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, inferior frontooccipital, uncinate, sledge runner, and lingular amygdaloidal fasciculi; and the anterior commissure fibers, optic radiations, internal capsule, corona radiata, thalamic radiations, cingulum, corpus callosum, fornix, caudate nucleus, thalamus, stria terminalis, and stria medullaris thalami were defined anatomically and radiologically. These fibers and structures have a consistent relationship to the lateral ventricles. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of the relationship of the white matter tracts of the cerebrum to the lateral ventricles should aid in planning more accurate surgery for lesions within the lateral ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erik H Middlebrooks
- Radiology, and the.,K. Scott and E. R. Andrew Advanced Neuroimaging Lab, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Necmettin Tanriover
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Isler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
The claustrum, a poorly understood subcortical structure located between the cortex and the striatum, forms widespread connections with almost all cortical areas, but the cellular organization of claustral circuits remains largely unknown. Based primarily on anatomical data, it has been proposed that the claustrum integrates activity across sensory modalities. However, the extent to which the synaptic organization of claustral circuits supports this integration is unclear. Here, we used paired whole-cell recordings and optogenetic approaches in mouse brain slices to determine the cellular organization of the claustrum. We found that unitary synaptic connections among claustrocortical (ClaC) neurons were rare. In contrast, parvalbumin-positive (PV) inhibitory interneurons were highly interconnected with both chemical and electrical synapses. In addition, ClaC neurons and PV interneurons formed frequent synaptic connections. As suggested by anatomical data, we found that corticoclaustral afferents formed monosynaptic connections onto both ClaC neurons and PV interneurons. However, the responses to cortical input were comparatively stronger in PV interneurons. Consistent with this overall circuit organization, activation of corticoclaustral afferents generated monosynaptic excitatory responses as well as disynaptic inhibitory responses in ClaC neurons. These data indicate that recurrent excitatory circuits within the claustrum alone are unlikely to integrate across multiple sensory modalities. Rather, this cellular organization is typical of circuits sensitive to correlated inputs. Although single ClaC neurons may integrate corticoclaustral input from different cortical regions, these results are consistent with more recent proposals implicating the claustrum in detecting sensory novelty or in amplifying correlated cortical inputs to coordinate the activity of functionally related cortical regions. Significance statement: The function of the claustrum, a brain nucleus found in mammals, remains poorly understood. It has been proposed, based primarily on anatomical data, that claustral circuits play an integrative role and contribute to multimodal sensory integration. Here we show that the principal neurons of the claustrum, claustrocortical (ClaC) projection neurons, rarely form synaptic connections with one another and are unlikely to contribute to broad integration within the claustrum. We show that, although single ClaC neurons may integrate corticoclaustral inputs carrying information for different sensory modalities, the synaptic organization of ClaC neurons, local parvalbumin-positive interneurons within the claustrum, and cortical afferents is also consistent with recent proposals that the claustrum plays a role in detecting salient stimuli or amplifying correlated cortical inputs.
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50
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Hau J, Sarubbo S, Perchey G, Crivello F, Zago L, Mellet E, Jobard G, Joliot M, Mazoyer BM, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Petit L. Cortical Terminations of the Inferior Fronto-Occipital and Uncinate Fasciculi: Anatomical Stem-Based Virtual Dissection. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:58. [PMID: 27252628 PMCID: PMC4877506 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We combined the neuroanatomists' approach of defining a fascicle as all fibers passing through its compact stem with diffusion-weighted tractography to investigate the cortical terminations of two association tracts, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) and the uncinate fasciculus (UF), which have recently been implicated in the ventral language circuitry. The aim was to provide a detailed and quantitative description of their terminations in 60 healthy subjects and to do so to apply an anatomical stem-based virtual dissection, mimicking classical post-mortem dissection, to extract with minimal a priori the IFOF and UF from tractography datasets. In both tracts, we consistently observed more extensive termination territories than their conventional definitions, within the middle and superior frontal, superior parietal and angular gyri for the IFOF and the middle frontal gyrus and superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri beyond the temporal pole for the UF. We revealed new insights regarding the internal organization of these tracts by investigating for the first time the frequency, distribution and hemispheric asymmetry of their terminations. Interestingly, we observed a dissociation between the lateral right-lateralized and medial left-lateralized fronto-occipital branches of the IFOF. In the UF, we observed a rightward lateralization of the orbito-frontal and temporal branches. We revealed a more detailed map of the terminations of these fiber pathways that will enable greater specificity for correlating with diseased populations and other behavioral measures. The limitations of the diffusion tensor model in this study are also discussed. We conclude that anatomical stem-based virtual dissection with diffusion tractography is a fruitful method for studying the structural anatomy of the human white matter pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Hau
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Silvio Sarubbo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, “S. Chiara” HospitalTrento, Italy
- Structural and Functional Connectivity Lab, Division of Neurosurgery, “S. Chiara” HospitalTrento, Italy
| | - Guy Perchey
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Laure Zago
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Mellet
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Gaël Jobard
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Marc Joliot
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Bernard M. Mazoyer
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Tzourio-Mazoyer
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Petit
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives – UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
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