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Lee EJ, Yoon KY. Optimization of Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Maca Leaves Using the Taguchi Method. Molecules 2025; 30:1635. [PMID: 40286259 PMCID: PMC11990563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2025] [Revised: 03/28/2025] [Accepted: 04/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the optimal conditions and evaluate the feasibility of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for utilizing maca (Lepidium meyenii) leaves, an agricultural by-product, as functional materials. The extraction parameters influencing the recovery of saponins and polyphenols, which are major bioactive compounds, were analyzed using the Taguchi method. Results: Signal-to-noise ratios and analysis of variance indicated that the liquid-solid ratio was the most critical factor for optimizing the extraction process. The optimal extraction conditions were determined to be a liquid-solid ratio of 40 mL/g, a water content in DES of 30%, an extraction time of 30 min, and an ultrasonic power of 300 W in the DES system consisting of choline chloride and glycerin in the molar ratio of 1:2. Maca leaf extract obtained under optimized DES-based UAE conditions exhibited higher bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity compared with that obtained by hot water extraction. Therefore, the DES-based UAE method is a promising, eco-friendly alternative for extracting bioactive compounds from maca leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyung Young Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Hamdi A, Córdoba-Rojano MA, Monje-Moreno JM, Guillén-Izquierdo E, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Jiménez-Araujo A, Muñoz-Ruiz MJ, Guillén-Bejarano R. Harnessing the Potential of Walnut Leaves from Nerpio: Unveiling Extraction Techniques and Bioactivity Through Caenorhabditis elegans Studies. Foods 2025; 14:1048. [PMID: 40232090 PMCID: PMC11942337 DOI: 10.3390/foods14061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Revised: 03/14/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
This study used Juglans regia leaves from the Gran Jefe variety; this indigenous cultivar from Nerpio is highly valued for its quality and distinct characteristics. This type of walnut is traditionally cultivated in the region and is noted for its organoleptic properties and adaptation to local climatic conditions. Two solvents were tested to determine the optimal extraction conditions for phenolic compounds: 80% ethanol and water. Direct homogenization with an Ultra-Turrax, direct ultrasound, and indirect ultrasound treatments were compared for ethanol extraction. Water extractions were conducted using direct and indirect ultrasound, infusion, and decoction. Compared to water extraction, 80% ethanol proved to be more efficient. Extracting phenolic compounds from 'Gran Jefe' walnut leaves was most effective when using direct extraction methods without either ultrasound assistance or indirect ultrasound treatment. The main compounds identified were trans-3-caffeoylquinic acid and quercetin-3-hexoside isomer 1. The ethanolic extract obtained through direct extraction was selected to study further the bioactivities of 'Gran Jefe' walnut leaves using C. elegans as an in vivo model. Results indicated that the leaf extract enhanced thermal and oxidative stress resistance, promoted fertility, and exhibited neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The observed bioactivities were attributed to the free phenolics present in the ethanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Hamdi
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.A.C.-R.); (E.G.-I.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), University Pablo de Olavide (UPO), CSIC/UPO/JA, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.M.M.-M.); (M.J.M.-R.)
| | - Miguel Angel Córdoba-Rojano
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.A.C.-R.); (E.G.-I.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
| | - Jose Manuel Monje-Moreno
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), University Pablo de Olavide (UPO), CSIC/UPO/JA, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.M.M.-M.); (M.J.M.-R.)
| | - Elisa Guillén-Izquierdo
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.A.C.-R.); (E.G.-I.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Arcos
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.A.C.-R.); (E.G.-I.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
| | - Ana Jiménez-Araujo
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.A.C.-R.); (E.G.-I.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
| | - Manuel Jesús Muñoz-Ruiz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering Department, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), University Pablo de Olavide (UPO), CSIC/UPO/JA, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (J.M.M.-M.); (M.J.M.-R.)
| | - Rafael Guillén-Bejarano
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.A.C.-R.); (E.G.-I.); (R.R.-A.); (A.J.-A.)
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Wu LY, Hung WL, Cheng LY, Su ZY, Hsu BY. Water Extract of Djulis Husk Exerts Protective Effect Against Metabolic Syndrome. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:466-473. [PMID: 39759810 PMCID: PMC11699585 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.4.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) possesses various biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-aging and hepatoprotective properties. Although djulis husk is typically considered agricultural waste, there is value in exploring ways to utilize it effectively. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the water extract of djulis husk (WDH) in rats with high-fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. The results showed that WDH significantly ameliorated the metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. Supplementation with low-dose WDH (0.5% of diet, w/w) significantly improved metabolic syndrome, including high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. The protective effects of WDH against metabolic syndrome may be associated with increased expression of the genes encoding insulin receptor substrates-1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) in the epididymal fat. Thus, WDH is likely a functional food ingredient for the prevention of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yi Wu
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hung
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yun Cheng
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yang Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Yilan County 260007, Taiwan
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Bermudez G, Terenzi C, Medri F, Andrisano V, Montanari S. Extraction and Analytical Methods for the Characterization of Polyphenols in Marine Microalgae: A Review. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:538. [PMID: 39728113 PMCID: PMC11678617 DOI: 10.3390/md22120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are emerging as promising sources of polyphenols, renowned for their health-promoting benefits. Recovering polyphenols from microalgae requires suitable treatment and extraction techniques to ensure their release from the biomass and analytical methodologies to assess their efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of traditional and cutting-edge extraction and analytical procedures applied for polyphenolic characterization in marine microalgae over the past 26 years, with a unique perspective on optimizing their recovery and identification. It addresses (I) cell disruption techniques, including bead milling, high-speed homogenization, pulsed electric field, ultrasonication, microwave, freeze-thawing, and enzymatic/chemical hydrolysis; (II) extraction techniques, such as solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized-liquid extraction, and supercritical CO2; (III) analytical methods, including total phenolic and flavonoid content assays and advanced chromatographic techniques like GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, and HPLC-MS. Key findings showed bead milling and chemical hydrolysis as effective cell disruption techniques, pressurized-liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction as promising efficient extraction methods, and HPLC-MS as the finest alternative for precise phenolic characterization. Unlike previous reviews, this study uniquely integrates both extractive and analytical approaches in one work, focusing exclusively on marine microalgae, a relatively underexplored area compared to freshwater species, offering actionable insights to guide future research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Serena Montanari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy; (G.B.); (V.A.)
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Khan A, Ullah F, Alkreathy HM, Ahmed M, Khan RA. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and anti-Parkinson activities of Berula erecta: A novel medicinal plant. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305751. [PMID: 39546440 PMCID: PMC11567558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Berula erecta L. is traditionally used for the treatment of various human ailments. The present project was arranged to study the antioxidant and anti-Parkinson efficacy of B. erecta extracts against rotenone-induced Parkinson diseases in rats. Fine powder of the plant was extracted with methanol and then fractionated through various solvents with increasing order of polarity. Phytochemical screenings were done using standard protocols and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while in-vitro antioxidant activities of plant fractions were evaluated using different free radicals. In-vivo anti-Parkinson and oxidative dysfunction experiments were conducted in rats. Results revealed that various fractions possessed flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids saponins, tannin, anthraquinon, and phlobatanine, while terpeniods and alkaloids were absent in aqueous fraction. Chromatographic analysis of methanol fraction showed the presence of various bioactive compounds viz., vitexin, orientin, rutin, catechin and myricetin. In-vitro antioxidant activities of various fractions of Berula erecta (B.erecta) showed that methanol fraction has remarkable scavenging efficacy of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), beta carotene, and superoxide free radicals followed by chloroform fraction. Free radicals produced by 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl free radicals were considerably scavenged by methanol fraction followed by ethyl acetate fractions. In-vivo study of animal model showed that methanol fraction has significant recovery effects at behavioural, physiological and biochemical level against rotenone induced Parkinson disease. B.erecta has significantly improved rotenone-induced motor and nonmotor deficits (depression and cognitive impairments), increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced neurotransmitter changes. It has been concluded from the present data that B.erecta enhances neurotransmitter levels by alleviating oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity, hence improving motor activity, cognitive functioning, and decreasing depressed behavior. These data suggest that B. erecta may be a promising medicinal agent for reducing the risk and progression of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Science & Technology Bannu, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Fizan Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Science & Technology Bannu, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology Bannu, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology Bannu, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
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Sultana T, Islam S, Azad MAK, Akanda MJH, Rahman A, Rahman MS. Phytochemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Properties of Various Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaves Assessed by RP-HPLC-DAD. Foods 2024; 13:2787. [PMID: 39272552 PMCID: PMC11395622 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the leaves of six cultivars of Ipomoea batatas L. from the USA, focusing on their Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. TPC and TFC ranged from 7.29 ± 0.62 to 10.49 ± 1.04 mg TAE/g Dw, and from 2.30 ± 0.04 to 4.26 ± 0.23 mg QE/g Dw, respectively, with the highest values found in the 'O'Henry' variety. RP-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography identified six phenolic and flavonoid compounds: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and quercetin, excluding gallic acid. The highest levels of these compounds were found in acidified methanolic extracts. Antioxidant activities, measured by ABTS and DPPH assays, showed low IC50 values ranging from 94.6 ± 2.76 to 115.17 ± 7.65 µg/mL, and from 88.83 ± 1.94 to 147.6 ± 1.22 µg/mL. Ferric Ion-Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP) measurements indicated significant antioxidant levels, varying from 1.98 ± 0.14 to 2.83 ± 0.07, with the 'O'Henry' variety exhibiting the highest levels. The antimicrobial activity test included five Gram-positive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria, and two pathogenic fungi. S. aureus, S. mutans, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. dysenteriae, and C. albicans were most susceptible to the methanolic extract. This study underscores the impressive antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of sweet potato leaves, often discarded, making them a valuable source of natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and other health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasbida Sultana
- Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Regulations, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr., 148 Woodard Hall, Mail Slot 4913, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Regulations, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr., 148 Woodard Hall, Mail Slot 4913, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Muhammad Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Regulations, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr., 148 Woodard Hall, Mail Slot 4913, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Md Jahurul Haque Akanda
- Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Regulations, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr., 148 Woodard Hall, Mail Slot 4913, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Atikur Rahman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S University Ave., Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Md Sahidur Rahman
- Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Regulations, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, 1200 North University Dr., 148 Woodard Hall, Mail Slot 4913, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
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Billowria K, Ali R, Rangra NK, Kumar R, Chawla PA. Bioactive Flavonoids: A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacokinetics and Analytical Aspects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:1002-1016. [PMID: 35930461 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2105641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a diversified group of natural substances which were discovered to provide a variety of health benefits in human beings. Vegetables, fruits, wine and tea are the primary flavonoid dietary sources for humans and as the flavonoids are so closely connected to human dietary items and health, it is vital to explore the structural-activity connection. The arrangement, replacement of functional groups, and total number of hydroxyl groups around flavonoid's nucleus structure affect their biological activity, metabolism, and bioavailability. Various flavonoids have been proven to have hepatoprotective properties, that help in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Similarly, these flavonoids also possess anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Flavonoids have been found to have a functional and structural link with their enzyme inhibitory action, that appears to have antiviral effect through acting as antioxidants, damaging cell membranes, blocking enzymes, activating mechanisms of host self-defense, and limiting virus penetration and attaching to cells. Identification, characterization, isolation, and biological role of flavonoids, as well as their uses on health advantages, are all major topics in research and development currently. This review represents a summary of various sources of flavonoids, class, subclass, their chemical structures, biological activities, the pharmacokinetics of flavonoids and various analytical, bioanalytical and electrochemical methods for determination of flavonoids from different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushal Billowria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Rouchan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | | | - Ram Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
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Salau VF, Olofinsan KA, Mishra AP, Odewole OA, Ngnameko CR, Matsabisa MG. Croton gratissimus Burch Herbal Tea Exhibits Anti-Hyperglycemic and Anti-Lipidemic Properties via Inhibition of Glycation and Digestive Enzyme Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1952. [PMID: 39065479 PMCID: PMC11281065 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the world has continued to be plagued by type 2 diabetes (T2D). As a lifestyle disease, obese individuals are at higher risk of developing the disease. Medicinal plants have increasingly been utilized as remedial agents for managing metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro anti-hyperglycemic and anti-lipidemic potential of Croton gratissimus herbal tea infusion. The inhibitory activities of C. gratissimus on carbohydrate (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) and lipid (pancreatic lipase) hydrolyzing enzymes were determined, and the mode of inhibition of the carbohydrate digestive enzymes was analyzed and calculated via Lineweaver-Burk plots and Michaelis Menten's equation. Its effect on Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) formation, glucose adsorption, and yeast glucose utilization were also determined. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the possible phenolic compounds present in the herbal tea infusion, and the compounds were docked with the digestive enzymes. C. gratissimus significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited α-glucosidase (IC50 = 60.56 ± 2.78 μg/mL), α-amylase (IC50 = 35.67 ± 0.07 μg/mL), as well as pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 50.27 ± 1.51 μg/mL) in a dose-dependent (15-240 µg/mL) trend. The infusion also inhibited the non-enzymatic glycation process, adsorbed glucose effectively, and enhanced glucose uptake in yeast cell solutions at increasing concentrations. Molecular docking analysis showed strong binding affinity between HPLC-quantified compounds (quercetin, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and catechin) of C. gratissimus herbal tea and the studied digestive enzymes. Moreover, the herbal tea product did not present cytotoxicity on 3T3-L1 cell lines. Results from this study suggest that C. gratissimus herbal tea could improve glucose homeostasis and support its local usage as a potential anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesogenic agent. Further in vivo and molecular studies are required to bolster the results from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F. Salau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (V.F.S.); (K.A.O.); (A.P.M.); (C.R.N.)
| | - Kolawole A. Olofinsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (V.F.S.); (K.A.O.); (A.P.M.); (C.R.N.)
| | - Abhay P. Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (V.F.S.); (K.A.O.); (A.P.M.); (C.R.N.)
| | - Olufemi A. Odewole
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria;
| | - Corinne R. Ngnameko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (V.F.S.); (K.A.O.); (A.P.M.); (C.R.N.)
| | - Motlalepula G. Matsabisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; (V.F.S.); (K.A.O.); (A.P.M.); (C.R.N.)
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Grácio M, Ferreira J, Steinrücken P, Kleinegris DMM, Sousa I, Nunes MC, Raymundo A. The Volatile Composition and the Potential Health Benefits of Different Microalgae Strains. Foods 2024; 13:2174. [PMID: 39063258 PMCID: PMC11276236 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of microalgae as a food ingredient has been gaining attention in recent years due to its nutritional benefits. The main goals of this study were to (i) assess the nutritional potential of Chlorella vulgaris, Tetraselmis chuii, Microchloropsis gaditana, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum; (ii) evaluate their bioactive properties (antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and α-amylase inhibitory activity) and (iii) assess the main volatile compounds composition. The protein content was considerably high (32-44 mg/100 g dw) for all the microalgae strains. The DPPH scavenging potential range was 14-25 mg Trolox/100 g dw (highest for T. chuii) and the ferric reducing power ability range was 13-67 µmol Trolox/dw (higher for T. chuii). The total phenolic content range was 2-7 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g dw, for M. gaditana and T. chuii, respectively, which was mainly due to the presence of catechin (1-9 µg/g dw), epicatechin (3-29 µg/g dw), and vanillic acid (1-14 µg/g dw). The ɑ-amylase inhibitory potential range was 26-42%. C. vulgaris was richer in chlorophyll a (18 mg/g dw), whilst T. chuii was particularly rich in chlorophyll b (29 mg/g dw). P. tricornutum showed the highest carotenoid content (4 mg/g dw). Aldehydes and alkanes were the major compounds identified in M. gaditana, whereas alcohols and N-based compounds existed in higher amounts in P. tricornutum. T. chuii and C. vulgaris were enriched in ketones and alkenes. This study's novelty lies in its comprehensive and integrative analysis of the nutritional, bioactive, and volatile properties of four distinct microalgae strains. By providing detailed comparisons and highlighting potential applications in functional foods, it offers a unique contribution to the field of microalgae research and its practical application in the food industry. This multifaceted approach sets it apart from existing studies, offering new insights and opportunities for leveraging microalgae as valuable food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Grácio
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.); (I.S.); (M.C.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Joana Ferreira
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.); (I.S.); (M.C.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Pia Steinrücken
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Thormøhlensgate 53, 5006 Bergen, Norway; (P.S.); (D.M.M.K.)
| | | | - Isabel Sousa
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.); (I.S.); (M.C.N.); (A.R.)
| | - M. Cristiana Nunes
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.); (I.S.); (M.C.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food—Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.G.); (I.S.); (M.C.N.); (A.R.)
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Halder T, Ghosh B. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: Enhanced production of withanolides and phenolic acids from hairy root culture after application of elicitors. J Biotechnol 2024; 388:59-71. [PMID: 38636845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is an important indigenous medicinal plant with extensive pharmaceutical potential. The root is the main source of major bioactive compounds of this plant species including withanolides, withanine, phenolic acids, etc. Hairy root culture (HRC) is a crucial method for low-cost production of active compounds on a large scale. Four different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains have been used for the hairy root induction. Maximum transformation efficiency (87.34 ± 2.13%) was achieved with A4 bacterial strain-mediated transformed culture. The genetic transformation was confirmed by using specific primers of seven different genes. Seven HR (Hairy root) lines were selected after screening 29 HR lines based on their fast growth rate and high accumulation of withanolides and phenolic acids content. Two biotic and three abiotic elicitors were applied to the elite root line to trigger more accumulation of withanolides and phenolic acids. While all the elicitors effectively increased withanolides and phenolic acids production, among the five different elicitors, salicylic acid (4.14 mg l-1) induced 11.49 -fold increase in withanolides (89.07 ± 2.75 mg g-1 DW) and 5.34- fold increase in phenolic acids (83.69 ± 3.11 mg g- 1 DW) after 5 days of elicitation compared to the non-elicited culture (7.75 ± 0.63 mg g-1 DW of withanolides and 15.66 ± 0.92 mg g-1 DW of phenolic acids). These results suggest that elicitors can tremendously increase the biosynthesis of active compounds in this system; thus, the HRC of W. somnifera is cost-effective and can be efficiently used for the industrial production of withanolides and phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Halder
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, India.
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, India.
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Ali MY, Mahmoud AS, Abdalla M, Hamouda HI, Aloufi AS, Almubaddil NS, Modafer Y, Hassan AMS, Eissa MAM, Zhu D. Green synthesis of bio-mediated silver nanoparticles from Persea americana peels extract and evaluation of their biological activities: In vitro and in silico insights. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 28:101863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
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12
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Mani J, Johnson J, Hosking H, Schmidt L, Batley R, du Preez R, Broszczak D, Walsh K, Neilsen P, Naiker M. Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Pittosporum angustifolium and Terminalia ferdinandiana with Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Exploratory Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:807. [PMID: 38592847 PMCID: PMC10974205 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bioprospecting native Australian plants offers the potential discovery of latent and novel bioactive compounds. The promising cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of Pittosporum angustifolium and Terminalia ferdinandiana led to further fractionation and isolation using our laboratory's bioassay-guided fractionation protocol. Hence, the aim of this study was to further evaluate the bioactivity of the fractions and subfractions and characterize bioactive compounds using liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography MS (GC-MS). Compounds tentatively identified in P. angustifolium Fraction 1 using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS were chlorogenic acid and/or neochlorogenic acid, bergapten, berberine, 8'-epitanegool and rosmarinic acid. GC-MS analysis data showed the presence of around 100 compounds, mainly comprising carboxylic acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids and monoalkylglycerols. Furthermore, the fractions obtained from T. ferdinandiana flesh extracts showed no cytotoxicity, except against HT29 cell lines, and only Fraction 2 exhibited some antibacterial activity. The reduced bioactivity observed in the T. ferdinandiana fractions could be attributed to the potential loss of synergy as compounds become separated within the fractions. As a result, the further fractionation and separation of compounds in these samples was not pursued. However, additional dose-dependent studies are warranted to validate the bioactivity of T. ferdinandiana flesh fractions, particularly since this is an understudied species. Moreover, LC-MS/GC-MS studies confirm the presence of bioactive compounds in P. angustifolium Fraction 1/subfractions, which helps to explain the significant acute anticancer activity of this plant. The screening process designed in this study has the potential to pave the way for developing scientifically validated phytochemical/bioactivity information on ethnomedicinal plants, thereby facilitating further bioprospecting efforts and supporting the discovery of novel drugs in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Mani
- College of Science and Sustainability, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.J.); (H.H.); (R.B.); (R.d.P.); (K.W.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Joel Johnson
- College of Science and Sustainability, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.J.); (H.H.); (R.B.); (R.d.P.); (K.W.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Holly Hosking
- College of Science and Sustainability, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.J.); (H.H.); (R.B.); (R.d.P.); (K.W.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Luke Schmidt
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (L.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Ryan Batley
- College of Science and Sustainability, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.J.); (H.H.); (R.B.); (R.d.P.); (K.W.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Ryan du Preez
- College of Science and Sustainability, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.J.); (H.H.); (R.B.); (R.d.P.); (K.W.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Daniel Broszczak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (L.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Kerry Walsh
- College of Science and Sustainability, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.J.); (H.H.); (R.B.); (R.d.P.); (K.W.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Paul Neilsen
- College of Science and Sustainability, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.J.); (H.H.); (R.B.); (R.d.P.); (K.W.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Mani Naiker
- College of Science and Sustainability, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia; (J.J.); (H.H.); (R.B.); (R.d.P.); (K.W.); (P.N.); (M.N.)
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, CQUniversity, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
- Jawun Research Centre, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
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Sandu-Bălan (Tăbăcariu) A, Ifrim IL, Patriciu OI, Ștefănescu IA, Fînaru AL. Walnut By-Products and Elderberry Extracts-Sustainable Alternatives for Human and Plant Health. Molecules 2024; 29:498. [PMID: 38276576 PMCID: PMC10819889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A current alternative for sustainable development through green chemistry is the replacement of synthetic compounds with natural ones through the superior capitalization of natural resources, with numerous applications in different fields. The benefits of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) and elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.) have been known since ancient times, due to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids, alkaloids, nitrogen-containing compounds, tannins, steroids, anthocyanins, etc. These active compounds have multiple biological activities for human health, including benefits that are antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, etc. Like other medicinal plants, the walnut and the elderberry possess important phytosanitary properties (antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal) and their extracts can also be used as environmentally safe biopesticides, with the result that they constitute a viable and cheap alternative to environmentally harmful synthetic products. During recent years, walnut by-products and elderberries have attracted the attention of researchers, and investigations have focused on the species' valuable constituents and active properties. Comparing the information from the literature regarding the phytochemical profile and biological activities, it is highlighted that, apart from the predominant specific compounds, the walnut and the elderberry have common bioactive compounds, which come from six classes (phenols and derivatives, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannins, triterpenoids, and phytosteroids), and act on the same microorganisms. From this perspective, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the bioactive compounds present in the different constitutive parts of walnut by-products and elderberries, which present a specific or common activity related to human health and the protection of agricultural crops in the context of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Sandu-Bălan (Tăbăcariu)
- Doctoral School in Environmental Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania;
| | - Irina-Loredana Ifrim
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Oana-Irina Patriciu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Ioana-Adriana Ștefănescu
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
| | - Adriana-Luminița Fînaru
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Marasesti Str., 600115 Bacau, Romania (A.-L.F.)
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Akpınar R, Yıldırım Baştemur G, Bıçak B, Sanli NO, Mertoğlu Kamalı E, Pekmez M, Kecel Gündüz S, Perçin Özkorucuklu S. Phytochemical profiling, in vitro biological activities, and in silico (molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) studies of Polygonum cognatum Meissn. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300750. [PMID: 38066395 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Polygonum cognatum Meissn, a perennial herbaceous belonging to the Polygonaceae family, is an aromatic plant. High-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector method was developed and validated for the phytochemical analysis of the plant. Also, various methods were used to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of the methanolic extracts. Antioxidant activities were researched by 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity methods. Among the tested standard microbial strains, Candida albicans was found to be more sensitive with a 24.60 ± 0.55 mm inhibition zone according to the diffusion tests. In the microdilution tests, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration values were 4.75 and ≥ 4.75 mg/mL, respectively, for all tested pathogens. Human colon carcinoma cells were used to investigate cytotoxicity by using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide analysis (IC50 = 2891 μg/mL for Plant A, IC50 = 3291 μg/mL for Plant B). Molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis were used to explain inhibition mechanisms of major phenolic compounds of plants against Tankyrase 1, Tankyrase 2 enzymes, and deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase subunit B and found compatible with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhan Akpınar
- Programme of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yıldırım Baştemur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Bıçak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazmiye Ozlem Sanli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Mertoğlu Kamalı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Pekmez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serda Kecel Gündüz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hoai Nga NT, Long TT, Ngoc TTB, Nguyen NHK, Thao DTP, Trinh NTM. Ethyl Acetate Extract from Romdoul ( Sphaerocoryne affinis) Fruit Induced Apoptosis in Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. GLOBAL ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE AND HEALTH 2024; 13:27536130241296826. [PMID: 39494213 PMCID: PMC11528603 DOI: 10.1177/27536130241296826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Romdoul (Sphaerocoryne affinis) is a flowering plant of the Annonaceae family and has been used customarily in folk medicine. The bioactivities of this plant, especially the anti-cancer effect, however, remain surprisingly few. Objective this study aimed to elucidate the anti-leukemic effect of romdoul fruit extracts and their underlining mechanisms. Methods The extracts were prepared from fresh fruits and the phytochemical contents were evaluated by biochemical assays and HPLC method. The promising extract was identified via the inhibition of HL60 as well as normal NIH-3T3 cell densities utilizing MTT assay. The underline mechanism of the extract's effect was studied by accessing the treated HL60 cell population overtime (via MTT assay). The morphology of abnormal cells was examined by bright-field microscopic imaging. Hallmarks of apoptosis including nucleus characteristics and caspase 3 activation were analyzed by fluorescence imaging. The underline mechanisms of apoptosis and proliferation inhibition were accessed via RT-qPCR examination of involved genes. Results Our findings showed that the ethyl acetate extract of romdoul fruit (SA-EA) was found to be an exceptional anti-leukemic candidate (IC50 was as low as 4.11 μg/mL). More interestingly, the treated HL60 cells expressed nuclear fragmentation and caspase 3 activation, indicating the effect could follow an apoptotic mechanism. Importantly, the transcription assessment of apoptotic and proliferative genes suggested that SA-EA might suppress the growth of HL60 cells and induce p21-dependent apoptotic pathway. Conclusion This study demonstrated one of the first scientific evidence for the anti-cancer activity of Sphaerocoryne affinis fruit-derived extract. Thus, our findings exhibited a novel and promising anti-leukemic candidate for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Hoai Nga
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thanh Long
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Truong Thi Bich Ngoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNUHCM- University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Khoi Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNUHCM- University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNUHCM- University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNUHCM- University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi My Trinh
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNUHCM- University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Chitrakar B, Hou Y, Devahastin S, Zhang M, Sang Y. Protocols for extraction and purification of rutin from leafy by-products of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) and characterization of the purified product. Food Chem 2023; 418:136014. [PMID: 37001361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of asparagus leafy by-products as a potential source of rutin through selected extraction and purification protocols was investigated. Protocol resulting in the highest extraction yield was first selected. Crude extract was subject to purification via multiple liquid-liquid back extraction using ethanol, methanol or water as a solvent; selection of the most appropriate purification solvent was made based on rutin solubility. The proposed purification protocol yielded yellow-color crystals, which were characterized by fluorescence microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to confirm them as rutin. Purity of rutin was confirmed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography at 97.6%; yield of the purified rutin was determined to be 78.2%. The remaining rutin (21.8%) was found in the liquids collected at various stages of purification; such liquids could be recycled using the same purification process. The proposed protocols are simple, yet effective for rutin extraction and purification from asparagus leafy by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Chitrakar
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Yakun Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha u-tid Road, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China.
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Qin X, Yang K, Wang X, Tu T, Wang Y, Zhang J, Su X, Yao B, Huang H, Luo H. Insights into the H 2O 2-Driven Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase Activity on Efficient Cellulose Degradation in the White Rot Fungus Irpex lacteus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:8104-8111. [PMID: 37204864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to O2, H2O2 as the cosubstrate for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) exhibits great advantages in industrial settings for cellulose degradation. However, H2O2-driven LPMO reactions from natural microorganisms have not been fully explored and understood. Herein, secretome analysis unraveled the H2O2-driven LPMO reaction in the efficient lignocellulose-degrading fungus Irpex lacteus, including LPMOs with different oxidative regioselectivities and various H2O2-generating oxidases. Biochemical characterization of H2O2-driven LPMO catalysis showed orders of magnitude improvement in catalytic efficiency compared to that of O2-driven LPMO catalysis for cellulose degradation. Significantly, H2O2 tolerance of LPMO catalysis in I. lacteus was an order of magnitude higher than that in other filamentous fungi. In addition, natural reductants, gallic acid, in particular, presented in lignocellulosic biomass could sufficiently maintain LPMO catalytic reactions. Moreover, the H2O2-driven LPMO catalysis exhibited synergy with canonical endoglucanases for efficient cellulose degradation. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the great application potential of the H2O2-driven LPMO catalysis for upgrading cellulase cocktails to further improve cellulose degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Sinapic Acid Co-Amorphous Systems with Amino Acids for Improved Solubility and Antioxidant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065533. [PMID: 36982605 PMCID: PMC10053217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain co-amorphous systems of poorly soluble sinapic acid using amino acids as co-formers. In order to assess the probability of the interaction of amino acids, namely, arginine, histidine, lysine, tryptophan, and proline, selected as co-formers in the amorphization of sinapic acid, in silico studies were carried out. Sinapic acid systems with amino acids in a molar ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 were obtained using ball milling, solvent evaporation, and freeze drying techniques. X-ray powder diffraction results confirmed the loss of crystallinity of sinapic acid and lysine, regardless of the amorphization technique used, while remaining co-formers produced mixed results. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed that the co-amorphous sinapic acid systems were stabilized through the creation of intermolecular interactions, particularly hydrogen bonds, and the potential formation of salt. Lysine was selected as the most appropriate co-former to obtain co-amorphous systems of sinapic acid, which inhibited the recrystallization of sinapic acid for a period of six weeks in 30 °C and 50 °C. Obtained co-amorphous systems demonstrated an enhancement in dissolution rate over pure sinapic acid. A solubility study revealed a 12.9-fold improvement in sinapic acid solubility after introducing it into the co-amorphous systems. Moreover, a 2.2-fold and 1.3-fold improvement in antioxidant activity of sinapic acid was observed with respect to the ability to neutralize the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and to reduce copper ions, respectively.
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Chemical Profiling, Bioactive Properties, and Anticancer and Antimicrobial Potential of Juglans regia L. Leaves. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041989. [PMID: 36838977 PMCID: PMC9966981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the biological potential of the polyphenolic fraction isolated from J. regia leaves, collected in the Subcarpathian region (Poland). The phenolic profile was determined using the UPLC-PDA-MS/MS method. Biological activity was determined by evaluating the antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. Prior to this study, the purified polyphenolic fraction was not been tested in this regard. A total of 40 phenolic compounds (104.28 mg/g dw) were identified, with quercetin 3-O-glucoside and quercetin pentosides dominating. The preparation was characterized by a high ability to chelate iron ions and capture O2•- and OH• radicals (reaching IC50 values of 388.61, 67.78 and 193.29 µg/mL, respectively). As for the anticancer activity, among the six tested cell lines, the preparation reduced the viability of the DLD-1, Caco-2, and MCF-7 lines the most, while in the antibacterial activity, among the seven tested strains, the highest susceptibility has been demonstrated against K. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and S. aureus. Depending on the needs, such a preparation can be widely used in the design of functional food and/or the cosmetics industry.
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Bujdosó G, Lengyel-Kónya É, Berki M, Végh A, Fodor A, Adányi N. Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Walnut Bacterial Blight in the Green Husk of Hungarian-Bred Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2996. [PMID: 36365449 PMCID: PMC9657124 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most grown nut tree crop in Central Europe. The aim was to study the full Hungarian walnut assortment with a distinct early spring phenology to detect the difference in phenolic profile in their green husks. Furthermore, the relationship between the presence and concentration of phenolic compounds and the tolerance/resistance of the observed cultivars to walnut bacterial blight was investigated. Examining the samples, significant differences were found between the concentrations of the different groups of phenolic compounds. Walnut blight immunity tests were also performed to clarify the role of phenolic compounds in the nut derived from a non-irrigated orchard. The Hungarian-bred local cultivars contained phenolic compounds in higher concentrations than the domesticated ones. There was a significant correlation between the budburst, as well as the pistillate flowers' receptivity and the concentration of juglone. Cultivars with a low concentration of phenolic compounds were the most susceptible to walnut bacterial blight, except 'Bonifác'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géza Bujdosó
- Research Centre for Fruit Growing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1223 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Lengyel-Kónya
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Berki
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Végh
- Institute of Plant Protection, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Fodor
- Institute of Plant Protection, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Adányi
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Salih AM, Al-Qurainy F, Khan S, Nadeem M, Tarroum M, Shaikhaldein HO. Biogenic silver nanoparticles improve bioactive compounds in medicinal plant Juniperus procera in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:962112. [PMID: 36226285 PMCID: PMC9549325 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.962112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds of medicinal plants present as natural ingredients provide health benefits beyond the basic nutritional value of these products. However, the availability of bioactive compounds in the current natural sources is limited. Hence, the induction of bioactive compound production from medicinal plants through nanoparticles (NPs) might play a vital role in industrially important medicinal compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biologically and to investigate their effect on phytochemical compound production from the callus of Juniperus procera. AgNPs were synthesized biologically using aqueous leaf extract of Phoenix dactylifera, which acted as a reducing and capping agent, and silver nitrate solution. The formation of AgNPs has been confirmed through different analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The impact of different concentrations (0.0, 5, 20, and 50 mg/L) of AgNPs on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of the callus of J. procera was investigated. The obtained results showed a significant effect of AgNPs on biomass accumulation and non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenol, tannin, and flavonoid content). Additionally, total protein content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were increased in response to AgNPs. Furthermore, bioactive compounds like gallic acid, tannic acid, coumarin, hesperidin, rutin, quercetin, and ferruginol were chromatographically separated and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with reference standards. These compounds were increased significantly in response to AgNPs treatments. We concluded that AgNPs could be a promising elicitor for improving the production of phytochemical compounds in medicinal plants. This work can serve asa good model for improving the production of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants in vitro. This molecular investigation should be done to understand better the metabolic mechanism leading to bioactive compound production scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalrhaman M. Salih
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Screening and Estimation of Bioactive Compounds of Azanza garckeana (Jakjak) Fruit Using GC-MS, UV–Visible Spectroscopy, and HPLC Analysis. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Azanza garckeana (F. Hoffm). Exell and Hillc. is an important food and medicinal plant that has been used in tropical Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the nutritional value of jakjak fruit using different analytical techniques. The obtained results have demonstrated that jakjak fruit is very rich in total soluble sugar, constituting about 48% of the dry weight. Moreover, the chromatographic analysis revealed that jakjak fruit contained a high amount of glucose, fructose, maltose, and ascorbic acid. Further, GC-MS analysis detected four compounds related to secondary metabolites. Some of these detected constituents have medicinal value. For example, phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) has been reported to have many functions such as antioxidant activity, anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of different concentrations of deionized water and methanolic extracts was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed that the scavenging activity of the DPPH radical was found to be raised with increasing concentrations of fruit extracts. The concentration (50%) of both methanol and deionized water gave the best inhibition percentage (91.7 and 84.4%), respectively. In contrast, the methanolic extract has shown significant results compared to deionized water. This study concluded that jakjak fruit is very rich in total soluble sugar and phenolic compounds, which can be used as a source of polysaccharides and antioxidants for the human diet as well as raw materials for downstream industries.
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Lee JJ, Yoon KY. Ultrasound-Assisted Extractions for Improving the Recovery of Phenolics and Charantin from Bitter Melon and for Increasing the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Obesity Activities of Its Extracts. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/149434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Mineral Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Urease, and Antibiofilm Potential of Juglans Regia Leaves and Unripe Fruits. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The leaves and unripe fruits from 5 walnut clones were tested in terms of mineral composition, antioxidant activity, and the inhibitory effect on model urease. It has been shown that the leaves are richer in minerals and also have higher antioxidant potential than unripe fruits. HPTLC polyphenolic profiles of leaves extract were found more abundant in flavonoids regardless of the sample origin. Only green walnut extracts showed an effect as urease inhibitors. Higher antibacterial activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus in comparison with Staphylococcus epidermidis. Both leaf and fruit extracts showed antibiofilm activity, up to 95% of biofilm inhibition. It was shown that all tested Juglans regia extracts can serve as a valuable antibacterial agent against staphylococci infections.
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25
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Kaur G, Bhatia S. Radish leaf protein concentrates: optimization of alkaline extraction for production and characterization of an alternative plant protein concentrate. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Ultra-High-Performance Micellar Liquid Chromatography Comparing Tween 20 and Tween 40 for the Determination of Hydroxycinnamic Acids. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and green ultra-high-performance micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) method was developed here, comparing Tween 20 and Tween 40 for the first time as the only mobile phase modifiers with a C18 column. Its application to the separation of nine hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives (cinnamic, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, o-, m-, p-coumaric, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic, and chlorogenic acids) was made, due to their importance as antioxidants in a variety of natural beverages such as wine and coffee. The optimal conditions of 45 °C temperature (T), 1% surfactant in the mobile phase, and pH control with 2.5 mM sulfuric acid were determined and used to elucidate the analytical figures of merit. Although the effect of these conditions was insignificant between the two surfactants, the nine-component HCA mixture was separated faster—in about 15 min—and with less peak tailing using Tween 20 than with Tween 40. The linearity of the Van’t Hoff (lnk versus 1/T) plots was evident for Tween 20, indicating a single retention mechanism—but less so for Tween 40. The equilibrium constants of the analytes with the micelles and the stationary phase were calculated. The developed method was successfully used to analyze organic red wine, spiked organic red wine, and green coffee diet pills. The percent recoveries of the nine HCA compounds spiked in the organic red wine ranged from 90% to 107%. The green coffee extract diet pills showed the presence of a significant amount of chlorogenic acid.
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Atila Uslu G, Uslu H. Evaluating the effects of Juglans regia L. extract on hyperglycaemia and insulin sensitivity in experimental type 2 diabetes in rat. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:121-125. [PMID: 31545080 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1668018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Juglans regia (JR) extract on hyperglycaemia and insulin sensitivity. METHODS Forty rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (C), Diabetes Control (DC), Diabetes + Juglans regia (D + JR) and Diabetes + Metformin (D + M). RESULTS In the D + JR group, Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels decreased from day 14 onwards. There was a significant decrease in plasma levels of Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 5 (FNDC5) and adiponectin (ADP) in the DC group compared to the C group (p < .01, p < .001 respectively). In the D + JR group, there was a significant increase in plasma FNDC5 and ADP (p < .05), while the plasma Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were decreased compared to the DC group (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study found that JR and its bioactive components alleviated insulin resistance by increasing ADP and FNDC5 and decreasing FBG in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ) + nicotinamide (NAD)-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D).HighlightsJuglans regia extract increased insulin sensitivity.Juglans regia extract significantly reduced the level of fasting blood glucose.Juglans regia extract reduced TNF-α levels in rats with type 2 diabetes.Juglans regia extract prevent weight loss in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Atila Uslu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kafkas, Kars, Turkey
| | - Hamit Uslu
- Department of Health Care Services, Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, University of Kafkas, Kars, Turkey
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Valorization of Asparagus leafy by-product by ionic-liquid extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds in the extracts. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Savic IM, Savic Gajic IM, Milovanovic MG, Zerajic S, Gajic DG. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Encapsulation of Antioxidants from Orange Peels in Alginate-Chitosan Microparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020297. [PMID: 35204180 PMCID: PMC8868484 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recovery of bioactive compounds from waste and modification of their properties by encapsulation are the main challenges today. In this study, the ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants from orange peels was optimized using a central composite design. Ethanol (50%, v/v) was the solvent of choice for their extraction. The obtained total antioxidant contents were fitted using the second-order polynomial equation. The optimal conditions were the extraction time of 30 min, temperature of 60 °C, and the liquid-to-solid ratio of 15 mL/g. After that, the optimal extract was encapsulated in alginate-chitosan beads to modify the release of antioxidants under gastrointestinal tract conditions. The average size of beads was 252 µm, while the encapsulation efficiency was 89.2%. The results of the FTIR analysis indicated that there are no interactions between compounds of the extract and alginate-chitosan. In vitro release studies showed an initial rapid and then slow release of antioxidants. This release followed the simple Fickian diffusion. The encapsulation of orange peel extract provided improvement in the delivery of antioxidants after gastrointestinal digestion. The obtained encapsulated beads can be applied as the natural active ingredient of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M. Savic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia or (I.M.S.G.); or (M.G.M.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +381-16-248-117
| | - Ivana M. Savic Gajic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia or (I.M.S.G.); or (M.G.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Miljana G. Milovanovic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia or (I.M.S.G.); or (M.G.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stanko Zerajic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia or (I.M.S.G.); or (M.G.M.); (S.Z.)
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Optimization Method for Phenolic Compounds Extraction from Medicinal Plant ( Juniperus procera) and Phytochemicals Screening. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247454. [PMID: 34946537 PMCID: PMC8708409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Juniperus procera is a natural source of bioactive compounds with the potential of antitumor, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. An optimization method was developed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin content (TTC) in leaf and seed extract of Juniperus procera. Organic solvents (methanol (99.8%), ethanol (99%), and acetone (99.5%)), and deionized water (DI) were used for extraction. The estimation of TPC, TFC, and TTC in plant materials was carried out using UV-spectrophotometer and HPLC with the standards gallic acid, quercetin, and tannic acid. Recovery of TPC in leaf extract ranged from 2.9 to 9.7 mg GAE/g DW, TFC from 0.9 to 5.9 mg QE/g DW, and TTC ranged from 1.5 to 4.3 mg TA/g DW while the TPC value in the seed extract ranged from 0.53 to 2.6 mg GAE/g DW, TFC from 0.5 to 1.6 mg QE/g DW, and TTC ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 mg TA/g DW. This result revealed that methanol is the best solvent for recovery of the TPC value (9.7 mg) from leaf extract in comparison to other solvents. Ethanol recorded the highest result of TFC (5.9 mg) in leaf extract among the solvents whereas acetone was the best for TTC yield recovery from leaf extract (4.3 mg). In the case of the seed extract, ethanol was the best solvent for both TPC (2.6 mg), and TFC (1.6 mg) recovery in comparison to other solvents. Total tannin content in methanol resulted in significant recovery from seed extract (1.4 mg). Separation and quantification of gallic acid, quercetin, and tannic acid in plant materials were undertaken using HPLC. Gallic acid in leaf and seed of J. procera ranged from 6.6 to 9.2, 6.5 to 7.2 µg/g DW, quercetin from 6.3 to 18.2, 0.9 to 4.2 µg/g DW, and tannic acid from 16.2 to 29.3, 6.6 to 9.3 µg/g DW, respectively. Solvents have shown a significant effect in the extraction of phenolic compounds. Moreover, phytochemicals in plant materials were identified using GC-MS and resulted in very important bioactive compounds, which include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor agents such as ferruginol, phenanthrene, and n-hexadecanoic acid. In conclusion, the optimal solvent for extraction depends on the part of the plant material and the compounds that are to be isolated.
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Ahmad W, Amir M, Ahmad A, Ali A, Ali A, Wahab S, Barkat HA, Ansari MA, Sarafroz M, Ahmad A, Barkat MA, Alam P. Aegle marmelos Leaf Extract Phytochemical Analysis, Cytotoxicity, In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122573. [PMID: 34961044 PMCID: PMC8708738 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
For many years, Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) has been used medicinally and as a dietary supplement. Despite this, there are minimal research data on A. marmelos phytochemical properties and pharmacological effects. This study aimed to explore the phytoconstituents, cytotoxicity, glucose uptake, and antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of an alcoholic extract of A. marmelos leaf. The cytotoxicity of A. marmelos in HepG2 cells was tested in vitro, and the results revealed that it has strong cytocompatibility and cytoprotective properties. The extract's antioxidant activities were investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Antioxidant potential was shown to be quite impressive. The enzymes α-amylase and α-glycosidase were found to be substantially inhibited by A. marmelos, with IC50 values of 46.21 and 42.07 mg/mL, respectively. In HepG2 cells, A. marmelos significantly reduced ROS levels that were elevated due to high glucose and enhanced glucose consumption (p < 0.05). These activities might be due to the enrichment of bioactive phytoconstituents analyzed chromatographically using GC/MS and HPLC. The findings of this study show that A. marmelos could be an effective restorative therapy for diabetes and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammad Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohd Amir
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adil Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Abuzer Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amena Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Harshita Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Sarafroz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammad Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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Ali HI, Dey M, Alzubaidi AK, Alneamah SJA, Altemimi AB, Pratap-Singh A. Effect of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Supplementation on Probiotic Yoghurt: Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Content, and Sensory Attributes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102393. [PMID: 34681443 PMCID: PMC8535503 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a natural aromatic plant that belongs to the family of Lamiaceae. The rosemary plant has been utilized to preserve food due to its ability to prevent oxidation and microbial contamination. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fortifying yoghurt with rosemary extracts and probiotic bacteria (LAB) (Bifidobacterium longum ATCC15707 and two lactic acid bacteria, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) on its chemical composition, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and sensory properties. The study results revealed significant differences in the total solids, protein, and ash content when rosemary concentration increased beyond 2%. However, there were no significant differences among the treatments in acidity and pH value. The sensory evaluation results indicated that the addition of aqueous extract of rosemary affected the sensory properties of yoghurt (flavour, body and texture, appearance, and overall grade), wherein an increasing concentration of rosemary extract increased score of flavour, body and texture, appearance, and overall grade. On the other hand, rosemary extract did not affect the sensory properties and chemical composition. To sum up, it can be stated that rosemary was used in the preparation of yoghurt with increased health benefits, acceptable sensory attributes, and the production of synbiotic yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider I. Ali
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (H.I.A.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Mithun Dey
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | | | | | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq; (H.I.A.); (A.B.A.)
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land & Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Whelan LC, Geary M, Healy J. A Novel, Simple Rapid Reverse-Phase HPLC-DAD Analysis, for the Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds and Abscisic Acid Commonly Found in Foodstuff and Beverages. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:648-654. [PMID: 34553229 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel, simple, rapid, 7-minute HPLC-DAD method for the determination of 10 phenolic compounds and abscisic acid commonly found in teas, wines, fruit and honey was successfully developed and validated according to the International Council of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. This reverse-phase (RP) HPLC-DAD method boasts rapid separation and excellent resolution while introducing green chemistry techniques. The Agilent 1200 series diode array detector SL coupled with a reverse-phase Advanced Materials Technology Halo C18 column (100 × 3.0 mm i.d., 2.7 μm) contributed to the rapid analyses. This, together with a 0.1% formic acid in water (v/v) and methanol mobile phase, a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and the utilization of a meticulous gradient elution resulted in a validated method for the determination of 10 phenolic compounds and abscisic acid commonly found in various foodstuffs. The resulting method proved to be rapid, accurate, precise and linear with sensitive detection limits from 0.025 μg/mL to 0.500 μg/mL and percentage recoveries of 98.07%-101.94%. Phenolic compounds have been acknowledged throughout literature for their therapeutic properties, interalia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiaging due to free radical scavenging potentials. However, resulting analysis, can be frequently complicated and long and very often discounts green chemistry techniques. The developed and validated method successfully and rapidly analyses, gallic acid, caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, rutin, myricetin, abscisic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and chrysin with excellent resolution and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Curtin Whelan
- Department of Applied Science, Shannon ABC, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Park, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
| | - Michael Geary
- Department of Applied Science, Shannon ABC, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Park, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
| | - Jim Healy
- Department of Applied Science, Shannon ABC, Limerick Institute of Technology, Moylish, Park, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
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Microalgal Co-Cultivation Prospecting to Modulate Vitamin and Bioactive Compounds Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091360. [PMID: 34572991 PMCID: PMC8468856 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology is gaining importance. However, key issues in the pipeline from species selection towards large biomass production still require improvements to maximize the yield and lower the microalgal production costs. This study explores a co-cultivation strategy to improve the bioactive compounds richness of the harvested microalgal biomass. Based on their biotechnological potential, two diatoms (Skeletonema marinoi, Cyclotella cryptica) and one eustigmatophyte (Nannochloropsis oceanica) were grown alone or in combination. Concentrations of ten vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D2, D3, E and H), carotenoids and polyphenols, together with total flavonoids, sterols, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, were compared. Moreover, antioxidant capacity and chemopreventive potential in terms inhibiting four human tumor-derived and normal cell lines proliferation were evaluated. Co-cultivation can engender biomass with emergent properties regarding bioactivity or bioactive chemical profile, depending on the combined species. The high vitamin content of C. cryptica or N. oceanica further enhanced (until 10% more) when co-cultivated, explaining the two-fold increase of the antioxidant capacity of the combined C. cryptica and N. oceanica biomass. Differently, the chemopreventive activity was valuably enhanced when coupling the two diatoms C. cryptica and S. marinoi. The results obtained in this pilot study promote microalgal co-cultivation as a valuable strategy aiming to boost their application in eco-sustainable biotechnology.
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Savic Gajic IM, Savic IM, Skrba M, Dosić A, Vujadinovic D. Food additive based on the encapsulated pot marigold (
Calendula officinalis
L.) flowers extract in calcium alginate microparticles. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan M. Savic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac University of Niš Leskovac Republic of Serbia
| | - Milomirka Skrba
- Faculty of Technology Zvornik University of East Sarajevo Zvornik Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aleksandar Dosić
- Faculty of Technology Zvornik University of East Sarajevo Zvornik Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragan Vujadinovic
- Faculty of Technology Zvornik University of East Sarajevo Zvornik Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Boskov IA, Savic Gajic IM, Savic IM, Spalovic BR, Strbac ND. Black locust flowers: antioxidant extraction kinetics, reducing capacity, mineral composition, and antioxidant activity. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2021.1949304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana A. Boskov
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Leskovac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivana M. Savic Gajic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Leskovac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivan M. Savic
- Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Leskovac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Boban R. Spalovic
- Technical Faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, Bor, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nada D. Strbac
- Technical Faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, Bor, Republic of Serbia
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37
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Wang Z, Zhu W, Chen F, Yue L, Ding Y, Xu H, Rasmann S, Xiao Z. Nanosilicon enhances maize resistance against oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) by activating the biosynthesis of chemical defenses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146378. [PMID: 33725595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon, in its nanoscale form, has shown plant-promoting and insecticidal properties. To date, however, we lack mechanistic evidence for how nanoscale silicon influences the regulation of plant chemical defenses against herbivore attacks. To address this gap, we compared the effect of Si nanodots (NDs) and sodium silicate, a conventional silicate fertilizer, on maize (Zea mays L.) chemical defenses against the oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata, Walker) caterpillars. We found that Si NDs and sodium silicate additions, at the dose of 50 mg/L, significantly inhibited the growth of caterpillars by 53.5% and 34.2%, respectively. This increased plant resistance was associated with a 44.2% increase in the production of chlorogenic acid, as well as the expression of PAL, C4H, 4CL, C3H and HCT, core genes involved in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid, by 1.7, 2.4, 1.9, 1.8 and 4.5 folds, respectively. Particularly, in the presence of M. separata, physiological changes in maize plants treated with 50 mg/L Si NDs, including changes in shoot biomass, leaf nutrients (e.g., K, P, Si), and chemical defense compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid, total phenolics), were higher than those of plants added with equivalent concentrations of conventional silicate fertilizer. Taken together, our findings indicate that Si, in nanoscale form, could replace synthetic pesticides, and be implemented for a more effective and ecologically-sound management of insect pests in maize crop farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue-Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Zhenggao Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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38
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Nguyen KNH, Nguyen NVT, Kim KH. Determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves, calyces, and fruits of Physalis angulata L. in Viet Nam. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e66044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Vietnam, Physalis angulata L. is a wild species growing throughout the country that is often used in traditional medicine. The aim of study was to quantify seven major compounds, including phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid) and flavonoids (rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in three aerial parts of P. angulata. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) with a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, 0.2% ammonium acetate/0.1% formic acid in water and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; detection was at 250 and 300 nm. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.1–0.3 and 0.3–1.0 µg/mL, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze active compounds in P. angulata and may be a useful tool for quality control of this plant.
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39
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Romano R, Aiello A, Meca G, De Luca L, Pizzolongo F, Masi P. Recovery of bioactive compounds from walnut (
Juglans regia
L.) green husk by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy
| | - Alessandra Aiello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Food Science and Toxicology Department Faculty of Pharmacy Universitat de València Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n Burjassot València 46100 Spain
| | - Lucia De Luca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy
| | - Fabiana Pizzolongo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy
| | - Paolo Masi
- CAISIAL University of Naples Federico II Via Università 133 Portici NA 80055 Italy
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40
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Liu Y, Cao L, Zan M, Peng J, Wang P, Pang X, Zhang Y, Li L, Dong WF, Mei Q. Cyan-emitting silicon quantum dots as a fluorescent probe directly used for highly sensitive and selective detection of chlorogenic acid. Talanta 2021; 233:122465. [PMID: 34215102 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As an important bioactive component in plants, chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been widely studied for its potential role in human health. In this work, cyan fluorescent silicon quantum dots were successfully synthesized via a simple one-pot method for the rapid detection of CGA. The optimal excitation and emission wavelength of the obtained SiQDs was 350 nm and 470 nm, respectively. When the CGA was added, the maximum emission intensity of the SiQDs can be effectively quenched due to dynamic and static mixed quenching mechanisms. More significantly, there was a remarkable linear correlation between fluorescence quenching efficiency and a broad concentration of CGA solution range from 10 to 150 μmol/L with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.43 μmol/L. Furthermore, the proposed SiQDs were successfully applied to analyze CGA in coffee beans and instant coffee after simple pretreatment with satisfactory results. Based on these, a high sensitivity and excellent selectivity fluorescent probe detection system was constructed, and it provides a valuable platform for the detection of CGA and has broad application prospects in the biological and pharmaceutical analysis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Lei Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Minghui Zan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Jiahui Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Panyong Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Xinpei Pang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Wen-Fei Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Qian Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Suzhou, 215163, China.
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Abbas A, Naqvi SAR, Rasool MH, Noureen A, Mubarik MS, Tareen RB. Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening of Seriphidium Oliverianum Plant Extracts. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211004739. [PMID: 33867895 PMCID: PMC8020243 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211004739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemicals using reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial activities of Seriphidium oliverianum stem extracts. The extraction was carried out by conventional shaking process (CSP) and ultrasonic assisted process (UAP). The highest total phenolic contents (97.85 ± 0.735 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g sample) and flavonoid contents (188.15 ± 0.53 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g sample) were found in methanol extract obtained by CSP. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH° scavenging assay and reducing power assay. Methanol extract using UAP showed the highest DPPH° scavenging activity (79.95% ± 1.80%) followed by methanol and butanol extracts obtained through CSP. Moreover, methanol extracts using CSP showed highest reducing activity (1.032 ± 0.0205 absorbance). In-vitro antimicrobial activity was studied using most common infection causing fungal and bacterial strains. Anti-fungal activity of methanol extract using CSP showed the highest zone of inhibition (10.5 mm) against F. avenaceum fungal strain, while aqueous extracts obtained through showed the highest antibacterial activity (22 ± 1.32 mm zone of inhibition) against S. aureus. The results showed that the methanol stem extract of S. oliverianum is a valued candidate for further screening and could be processed for in-vivo infection induced animal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 3800, Pakistan. ;
| | | | - Asma Noureen
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Liu Q, Dong Z, Hao A, Guo X, Dong W. Synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots as a dual-excitation rationmetric fluorescent probe for the fast detection of chlorogenic acid. Talanta 2021; 221:121372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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43
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Navarro-López E, Cerón-García MDC, López-Rodríguez M, Acién-Fernández FG, Molina-Grima E. Biostimulants obtained after pilot-scale high-pressure homogenization of Scenedesmus sp. grown in pig manure. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of defatted Moringa oleifera seed meal extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction and application as a natural antimicrobial coating for raw chicken sausages. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 332:108770. [PMID: 32634640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is a medicinal plant, and its seed oil is known to have high antioxidant properties. The byproduct obtained after oil extraction is called Moringa oleifera seed meal (MoSM), whose potential bioactivity has not been sufficiently documented. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the aim of identifying Moringa oleifera seed meal extract (ME) as a natural antibacterial and antioxidant alternative. First, the effect of solvent extraction of MoSM with 60% (v/v) ethanol combined with ultrasound (UAE) was determined at the sample-to-solvent ratio of 1: 10, with different time and power combinations of UAE. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) exhibited by ME at 200 W and 20 min (ME200/20) against both Escherichia coli among the gram-negative bacteria and Bacillus cereus among the gram-positive bacteria was 3.12 mg/g. The leakage of intracellular constituents as well as the damage of the B. cereus cells after being treated with ME were confirmed by measuring the absorbance of the supernatant at 260 and 280 nm and observation of the cells under a scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the highest total phenolic content was also recorded with ME200/20 at 460 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract, and the subsequent significantly higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity was determined to be 11.18 and 9.20 mg acetic acid equivalent/g of extract by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, respectively. The high-performance liquid chromatography results showed that gallic acid and vanillic acid were predominantly present in the extract, followed by quercetin, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid. Interestingly, caffeic acid appeared in the sample treated with UAE only. The extract was finally applied with a chitosan-based coating to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against E. coli and B. cereus on raw chicken sausages in the concentration range of 1-5%. Incorporating 3% extract could inactivate B. cereus and E. coli for a 1.4 log reduction on day 3 and a 1.78 log reduction on day 6 of storage and, further, could significantly suppress the growth of both bacteria until day 9. Thus, this study confirmed the strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties of ME and its potential use in real food systems as a natural food antibacterial agent.
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Effect of solid-state fungal fermentation on the non-volatiles content and volatiles composition of Coffea canephora (Robusta) coffee beans. Food Chem 2020; 337:128023. [PMID: 32920275 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of fungal fermentation on green canephora coffee beans were evaluated by observing the changes to selected non-volatile parameters before roasting, and subsequently the volatile profile after roasting. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus spp. and Mucor spp. on green canephora coffee beans was shown to modulate the contents of free sugars, free amino acids and polyphenolic compounds such as caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). Significant strain-specific differences were observed in the contents of aroma compounds after roasting. A significant increase in pyrazines was observed in the Aspergillus oryzae-fermented samples, while higher levels of furans were detected in the Mucor plumbeus-fermented samples. The present work shows that fungal fermentation of green canephora coffee beans is a potentially promising method for the modulation and improvement of coffee flavour and aroma.
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46
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Taheri N, Alizadeh N. Vertically grown nanosheets conductive polypyrrole as a sorbent for nanomolar detection of salicylic acid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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Cytotoxicity of juglone and thymoquinone against pancreatic cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Liu R, Su C, Xu Y, Shang K, Sun K, Li C, Lu J. Identifying potential active components of walnut leaf that action diabetes mellitus through integration of UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and network pharmacology analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112659. [PMID: 32058009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Walnut leaf (WL) is a hypoglycemic herbal medication with blood glucose-lowering activity that can affect diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the active components of WL and the mechanisms by which these compounds affect DM are unclear. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to determine these effective ingredients and elucidate the potential mechanisms by which they affect DM via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) coupled with network pharmacology analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was utilized to identify components of WL. Second, the putative targets of the components were identified and predicted based on chemical similarity and online databases. Third, the key candidate targets and potential active components were identified through topological analysis of a component-disease target interaction network. Finally, interactions between active components and therapeutic targets were confirmed by molecular docking analysis. RESULTS One hundred and thirty components were identified in WL, among which 38 were considered potentially bioactive, as they showed hypoglycemic effects. Among these 38, 8 key active components possessed high similarities and shared 4 targets with approved drugs. These findings were confirmed by molecular docking analysis. CONCLUSION The approach combining UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS with network pharmacology analysis is a rapid and effective tool to identify potentially bioactive constituents in medicinal plants and prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Chaonan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Yumeng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Kangle Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Kang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Caihong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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49
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Effects of dietary gallic acid on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, plasma antioxidant indices, and immune response in weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Mizzi L, Chatzitzika C, Gatt R, Valdramidis V. HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Compounds and Flavonoids with Overlapping Peaks. Food Technol Biotechnol 2020; 58:12-19. [PMID: 32684783 PMCID: PMC7365340 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.58.01.20.6395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in various natural food products is typically conducted using HPLC analysis. Their analysis is particularly complex since most natural food products contain a large number of different phenolic compounds, many of which have similar chemical characteristics such as polarity, which makes complete separation of all eluents extremely difficult. In this work we present and validate a method for the quantitative determination of the concentration of two compounds with similar retention times, i.e. they show overlapping peaks in a mixed solution. Two pairs of phenolic compounds were investigated: caffeic and vanillic acids and ferulic and p-coumaric acids. This technique takes advantage of the different absorbances of the two phenolic compounds in the eluent at various wavelengths and can be used for the quantitative determination of the concentration of these compounds even if they are not separated in the HPLC column. The presented method could be used to interpret the results of HPLC analysis of food products which possess a vast spectrum of phenolic compounds and flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Mizzi
- Department of Food Studies and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Triq il-Qroqq, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Christina Chatzitzika
- Department of Food Studies and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Triq il-Qroqq, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Ruben Gatt
- Metamaterials Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Triq il-Qroqq, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
| | - Vasilis Valdramidis
- Department of Food Studies and Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Triq il-Qroqq, Msida MSD 2080, Malta
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