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Hadero HM, Beyene MG, Baye AM, Sisay EA. Outcome of antiemetic prophylaxis among pediatric cancer patients receiving moderate to highly emetogenic chemotherapy at pediatric hemato-oncology ward of Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital: A prospective observational study. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2024:10781552241256091. [PMID: 38772673 DOI: 10.1177/10781552241256091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a major issue for chemotherapy pediatric patients, especially in developing countries due to limited access to essential antiemetics. This study aimed to assess antiemetic prophylaxis outcomes in pediatric cancer patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS A longitudinal prospective observational study design was conducted among 201 pediatric cancer patients followed up to 120 h post-chemotherapy. RESULTS The majority of patients (75.1%) received combination prophylactic antiemetics in the acute phase. Complete response (CR) was the highest in the acute phase (71.1%). Emesis episodes occurred most frequently on the first day of treatment (28.4%) and gradually decreased over time. History of motion sickness, platinum-based chemotherapy, and prior chemotherapy-induced vomiting (CIV) were associated with emesis during the acute phase whereas multiple-day chemotherapy, prior CIV, receipt of antiemetics, and a history of motion sickness in the delayed phase. However, the odds of CIV were reduced with steroid presence in the chemotherapy regimen. CONCLUSIONS A considerable number of participants could not achieve a CR. It is important for clinicians to be cognizant of risk factors that influence the outcome of antiemetic prophylaxis to achieve better control of CINV among pediatric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawaryaw Mathewos Hadero
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melak Gedamu Beyene
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Assefa Mulu Baye
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eskinder Ayalew Sisay
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Sharma A, Ganguly S, C SK, Pillai AS, Dhawan D, Sreenivas V, Bakhshi S. Addition of aprepitant improves acute emesis control in children and adolescents receiving induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia: a randomised, open-label trial. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023; 13:e156-e162. [PMID: 33122168 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES More than 50% patients develop emesis during induction therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The addition of aprepitant for emesis control in children receiving induction for AML have not been explored. METHODS A single-institutional randomised, open-label trial (NCT02979548) was conducted where children between 5 and 18 years with the diagnosis of AML being planned for 3+7 induction regimen were included. All study participants received ondansetron (0.15 mg/kg) every 8 hours for 8 days starting 30 min prior to chemotherapy. Children belonging to aprepitant group additionally received aprepitant capsules (15-40 kg=days 1-3, 80 mg; >40 kg=day 1, 125 mg and days 2-3, 80 mg) starting from 1 hour prior to chemotherapy. The proportion of patients with complete response (CR) in chemotherapy induced vomiting (CIV) in acute phase (day 1-8), delayed phase (day 9-13), overall and initial 96 hours were recorded along with severity of vomiting and adverse effects. RESULTS Total 78 children were randomised (Aprepitant group: 37 and control group: 41). The proportion of patients with CR in CIV was significantly higher in Aprepitant group in acute phase (p=0.007), overall phase (p=0.007) and in initial 96 hours (p<0.001) but it was not different in delayed phase (p=0.07). The first episode of vomiting was also significantly delayed in aprepitant group (p=0.02). Adverse effect profile was similar in two groups. CONCLUSION Aprepitant significantly improves emesis control in children receiving induction therapy for AML, especially in acute phase and should be routinely incorporated as part of antiemetic prophylaxis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02979548).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Sharma
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar C
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwati S Pillai
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Dhawan
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Turk S, Yanpar H, Baesmat AS, Canli SD, Cinar OE, Malkan UY, Turk C, Haznedaroglu IC, Ucar G. Enterotoxins A and B produced by Staphylococcus aureus increase cell proliferation, invasion and cytarabine resistance in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19743. [PMID: 37810000 PMCID: PMC10559070 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As in the case of cancer, the risk of infection increases when the host's immune system is not working properly. It has been shown that toxins produced by the bacteria responsible for bacterial infections can alter the properties of cancer cells as well as their sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most prevalent pathogens in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and it produces several virulence factors, including Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Cytotoxicity, transwell migration, invasion assays, and various transcriptomic and gene set enrichment (GSE) analyses were used to determine how SEA and SEB alter cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and Cytarabine (Cyt) resistance in AML cell lines. The treatment of AML cell lines with SEA/SEB caused an increase in cell proliferation and Cyt resistance. Toxins enhanced the proclivity of cells to migrate and invade, with around 50% of cells in the presence of SEA and SEB. Transcriptomic and gene set enrichment analyses, and subsequent PCR validations showed dysregulation of immune related genes and genesets. Apparently, this allows AML cells to escape and survive the undesirable environment created by toxins, possibly via the ER stress signaling pathway. Therefore, SEA and SEB can significantly alter the characteristics of AML cancer cells and evaluation of alterations in responsible immune genes and pathways may be crucial for controlling the progression of cancer. In addition, our results suggest that there may be a strong interaction between the immune related pathways and the ER signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Turk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yanpar
- DS Nano and Biotechnology Product Tracing and Tracking Co., Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayriana Safari Baesmat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Secil Demirkol Canli
- Molecular Pathology Application and Research Center, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Tumor Pathology, Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olgu Erkin Cinar
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umit Yavuz Malkan
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Turk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gulberk Ucar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Elgarten CW, Otto WR, Shenton L, Stein MT, Horowitz J, Aftandilian C, Arnold SD, Bona KO, Caywood E, Collier AB, Gramatges MM, Henry M, Lotterman C, Maloney K, Modi AJ, Mian A, Mody R, Morgan E, Raetz EA, Verma A, Winick N, Wilkes JJ, Yu JC, Aplenc R, Fisher BT, Getz KD. Risk of bacterial bloodstream infection does not vary by central-line type during neutropenic periods in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:222-229. [PMID: 35465865 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a frequent cause of morbidity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), due in part to the presence of central venous access devices (CVADs) required to deliver therapy. OBJECTIVE To determine the differential risk of bacterial BSI during neutropenia by CVAD type in pediatric patients with AML. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis in a cohort of 560 pediatric patients (1,828 chemotherapy courses) receiving frontline AML chemotherapy at 17 US centers. The exposure was CVAD type at course start: tunneled externalized catheter (TEC), peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), or totally implanted catheter (TIC). The primary outcome was course-specific incident bacterial BSI; secondary outcomes included mucosal barrier injury (MBI)-BSI and non-MBI BSI. Poisson regression was used to compute adjusted rate ratios comparing BSI occurrence during neutropenia by line type, controlling for demographic, clinical, and hospital-level characteristics. RESULTS The rate of BSI did not differ by CVAD type: 11 BSIs per 1,000 neutropenic days for TECs, 13.7 for PICCs, and 10.7 for TICs. After adjustment, there was no statistically significant association between CVAD type and BSI: PICC incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1.32) and TIC IRR = 0.83 (95% CI, 0.49-1.41) compared to TEC. When MBI and non-MBI were examined separately, results were similar. CONCLUSIONS In this large, multicenter cohort of pediatric AML patients, we found no difference in the rate of BSI during neutropenia by CVAD type. This may be due to a risk-profile for BSI that is unique to AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin W Elgarten
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William R Otto
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luke Shenton
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Madison T Stein
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Catherine Aftandilian
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Staci D Arnold
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kira O Bona
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emi Caywood
- A.I. Dupont Hospital for Children-Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware
| | | | | | - Meret Henry
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Craig Lotterman
- Ochsner Medical Center for Children, New Orleans, Lousisiana
| | - Kelly Maloney
- Children's Hospital Colorado and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Amir Mian
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Rajen Mody
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elaine Morgan
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth A Raetz
- Stephen D. Hassenfeld Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, New York, New York
| | - Anupam Verma
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naomi Winick
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jennifer J Wilkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jennifer C Yu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian T Fisher
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly D Getz
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Patel P, Robinson PD, Cohen M, Devine K, Gibson P, Holdsworth MT, Neumann E, Orsey A, Phillips R, Spinelli D, Thackray J, van de Wetering M, Woods D, Cabral S, Sung L, Dupuis LL. Prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients: A clinical practice guideline. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e30001. [PMID: 36221901 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This clinical practice guideline provides recommendations for preventing acute and delayed phase chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in pediatric patients. The recommendations are based on two systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials evaluating interventions to prevent (1) acute phase CINV and (2) delayed phase CINV. Recommendations for acute phase and delayed phase CINV prophylaxis are made for patients receiving chemotherapy of varying emetogenicity, as well as for patients not able to receive dexamethasone or a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist. Evidence gaps, including antiemetic safety and optimal dosing, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patel
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Katie Devine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Paul Gibson
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mark T Holdsworth
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Eloise Neumann
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Orsey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert Phillips
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Thackray
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Deborah Woods
- University of California, Davis Health, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sandra Cabral
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Limratchapong C, Sophark P, Vachvanichsanong P, McNeil EB, Chotsampancharoen T. Acute kidney injury and childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:2765-2770. [PMID: 35257241 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) appears to be particularly common in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although the epidemiology data on this patient population is sparse. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with AKI in childhood AML during chemotherapy treatment. METHODS The medical records of 112 children aged under 15 years diagnosed with AML who received chemotherapy in a major tertiary-care referral center in southern Thailand were reviewed. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with AKI. RESULTS Fifty-six (50%) children had AKI events. The median time from AML diagnosis to the first AKI was 29.5 days (interquartile range: 11.0-92.8) and the median follow-up time was 10.9 months (interquartile range: 3.6-31.1). Age at diagnosis ≥ 10 years (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.09-6.93), glomerular filtration rate < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 at AML diagnosis (OR 7.58, 95% CI 1.89-30.5), and septic shock (OR 22.0, 95% CI 4.63-104.3) were independently associated with AKI. CONCLUSIONS Childhood AML has a high rate of kidney injury with 50% having AKI. Age ≥ 10 years at diagnosis, impaired kidney function before treatment, and septic shock were strongly associated with AKI. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompoonut Limratchapong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Praewa Sophark
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Prayong Vachvanichsanong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Edward B McNeil
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Thirachit Chotsampancharoen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Songkla, Thailand.
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Infections during Non-Neutropenic Episodes in Pediatric Cancer Patients—Results from a Prospective Study in Two Major Large European Cancer Centers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070900. [PMID: 35884154 PMCID: PMC9311840 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the clinical approach in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia is well established, data on non-neutropenic infectious episodes are limited. We therefore prospectively collected over a period of 4 years of data on all infectious complications in children treated for acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia (ALL or AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) at two major pediatric cancer centers. Infections were categorized as fever of unknown origin (FUO), and microbiologically or clinically documented infections. A total of 210 patients (median age 6 years; 142 ALL, 23 AML, 38 NHL, 7 leukemia relapse) experienced a total of 776 infectious episodes (571 during neutropenia, 205 without neutropenia). The distribution of FUO, microbiologically and clinically documented infections, did not significantly differ between neutropenic and non-neutropenic episodes. In contrast to neutropenic patients, corticosteroids did not have an impact on the infectious risk in non-neutropenic children. All but one bloodstream infection in non-neutropenic patients were due to Gram-positive pathogens. Three patients died in the context of non-neutropenic infectious episodes (mortality 1.4%). Our results well help to inform clinical practice guidelines in pediatric non-neutropenic cancer patients presenting with fever, in their attempt to safely restrict broad-spectrum antibiotics and improve the quality of life by decreasing hospitalization.
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Lei M, Zhang Y, Jiao W, Li X, Zhou H, Wang Q, Qiu H, Tang X, Han Y, Fu C, Jin Z, Chen S, Sun A, Miao M, Liu L, Wu D. Comparison of Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant With or Without Unrelated Cord Blood Infusion in Severe Aplastic Anemia: Outcomes of a Multicenter Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912917. [PMID: 35812409 PMCID: PMC9259833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients was to compare the feasibility and efficacy of haploidentical hematological stem cell transplantation combined with a single unrelated cord blood (UCB) infusion (Haplo-cord-HSCT) or haplo-identical HSCT (Haplo-HSCT) alone. The five-year graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free or failure-free survival (GFFS) was similar between the two groups (72.4 ± 3.4% vs. 65.4 ± 5.2%, P = 0.178); however, the five-year overall survival (OS) was more favorable in the Haplo-cord-HSCT group than that in the Haplo-HSCT group (84.0 ± 2.8% vs. 72.6 ± 4.9%, P = 0.022), as was transplantation-related mortality (16.4% vs. 27.4%, P = 0.039). Multivariate analysis showed that Haplo-cord HSCT was the only independent determinant of increased OS (P = 0.013). Explorative subgroup analysis showed that only an Human leukocyte antigen-A (HLA-A) allele match between UCB and the recipient was a beneficial factor for GFFS in the Haplo-cord-HSCT group (P = 0.011). In the haplo-cord with an HLA-A match (n = 139) or mismatch (n = 32) or Haplo-HSCT groups, a haplo-cord HLA-A allele match was associated with lower I–IV and III–IV acute GVHD. The haplo-cord with an HLA-A match subgroup also had higher five-year OS than the Haplo-HSCT group (85.4 ± 3.0% vs. 72.6 ± 4.9%, P = 0.013), and higher five-year GFFS than the Haplo-cord HLA-A allele mismatch subgroup (76.2 ± 3.6% vs. 56.3 ± 8.8%, P = 0.011). These findings suggest that the coinfusion of a single UCB potentially improves survival of Haplo-HSCT in SAA patients and that an HLA-A allele-matched UCB is the preferred option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, Haikou Municipal People’s Hospital, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an, Huai’an, China
| | - Wenjing Jiao
- Department of Hematology, Xian Yang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Soochow Hopes Hematonosis Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiying Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Aining Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Miao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Depei Wu, ; Limin Liu, ; Miao Miao,
| | - Limin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Depei Wu, ; Limin Liu, ; Miao Miao,
| | - Depei Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Depei Wu, ; Limin Liu, ; Miao Miao,
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9
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Villeneuve S, Aftandilian C. Neutropenia and Infection Prophylaxis in Childhood Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:671-686. [PMID: 35230594 PMCID: PMC8885776 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric oncology patients frequently experience episodes of prolonged neutropenia which puts them at high risk for infection with significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we review the data on infection prophylaxis with a focus on both pharmacologic and ancillary interventions. This review does not include patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with hematologic malignancies are at highest risk for infection. Bacterial and fungal prophylaxis decrease the risk of infection in certain high-risk groups. Ancillary measures such as ethanol locks, chlorhexidine gluconate baths, GCSF, IVIG, and mandatory hospitalization do not have enough data to support routine use. There is limited data on risk of infection and role of prophylaxis in patients receiving immunotherapy and patients with solid tumors. Patients with Down syndrome and adolescent and young adult patients may benefit from additional supportive care measures and protocol modifications. Consider utilizing bacterial and fungal prophylaxis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. More research is needed to evaluate other supportive care measures and the role of prophylaxis in patients receiving immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Villeneuve
- Paediatric Haemotology/Oncology, Dalhousie University and the IWK Health Centre, 5850/5980 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Catherine Aftandilian
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, 1000 Welch Rd, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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10
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Delgado A, Guddati AK. Infections in Hospitalized Cancer Patients. World J Oncol 2022; 12:195-205. [PMID: 35059079 PMCID: PMC8734501 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing infections that are primarily treatment-driven but may also be malignancy-driven. While cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have been known to improve malignancy morbidity and mortality, they also have the potential to weaken immune defenses and induce periods of severe cytopenia. These adverse effects pave the way for opportunistic infections to complicate a hospitalized cancer patient's clinical course. Understanding the risk each patient inherently has for developing a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection is critical to choosing the correct prophylactic treatment in conjunction with their scheduled cancer therapy. This review discusses the most common types of infections found in hospitalized cancer patients as well as the current guidelines for prophylactic and antimicrobial treatment in cancer patients. In addition, it describes the interaction between antibiotics and cancer therapies for consideration when treating infection in a cancer patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Delgado
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Achuta Kumar Guddati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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11
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Yao TC, Wang JY, Chang SM, Chang YC, Tsai YF, Wu AC, Huang JL, Tsai HJ. Association of Oral Corticosteroid Bursts With Severe Adverse Events in Children. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:723-729. [PMID: 33871562 PMCID: PMC8056312 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The adverse effects from the long-term use of oral corticosteroids are known, but, to our knowledge, few studies have reported the risk of corticosteroid bursts, particularly among children. OBJECTIVE To quantify the associations of corticosteroid bursts with severe adverse events, including gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, sepsis, pneumonia, and glaucoma, in children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used data derived from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017, on children younger than 18 years of age and used a self-controlled case series design. Data were analyzed from January 1 to July 30, 2020. EXPOSURE Oral corticosteroid bursts (defined as oral corticosteroid use for ≤14 days). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incidence rates were calculated of 4 severe adverse events (GI bleeding, sepsis, pneumonia, and glaucoma) in children who did or did not receive corticosteroid bursts. Conditional fixed-effect Poisson regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of severe adverse events within 5 to 30 days and 31 to 90 days after initiation of corticosteroid bursts. RESULTS Among 4 542 623 children, 23% (1 064 587; 544 268 boys [51.1%]; mean [SD] age, 9.7 [5.8] years) were prescribed a single corticosteroid burst. The most common indications were acute respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases. The incidence rate differences per 1000 person-years between children administered a single corticosteroid burst and those not prescribed corticosteroids were 0.60 (95% CI, 0.55-0.64) for GI bleeding, 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02-0.05) for sepsis, 9.35 (95% CI, 9.19-9.51) for pneumonia, and 0.01 (95% CI, 0.01-0.03) for glaucoma. The IRRs within 5 to 30 days after initiating corticosteroid bursts were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.27-1.57) for GI bleeding, 2.02 (95% CI, 1.55-2.64) for sepsis, 2.19 (95% CI, 2.13-2.25) for pneumonia, and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.85-1.13) for glaucoma; the IRRs within the subsequent 31 to 90 days were 1.10 (95% CI, 1.02-1.19) for GI bleeding, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.88-1.32) for sepsis, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.07-1.11) for pneumonia, and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.85-1.06) for glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study suggests that corticosteroid bursts, which are commonly prescribed for children with respiratory and allergic conditions, are associated with a 1.4- to 2.2-fold increased risk of GI bleeding, sepsis, and pneumonia within the first month after initiation of corticosteroid therapy that is attenuated during the subsequent 31 to 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Mao Chang
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Precision Medicine and Translational Research Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal Tu Cheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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12
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Zhu F, Wei G, Liu Y, Zhou H, Wu W, Yang L, Huang H, Hu Y. Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Infection after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Malignancies. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211025503. [PMID: 34144648 PMCID: PMC8216343 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211025503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. With the extensive application of CAR-T therapy in clinical settings, CAR-T-associated toxicities have become increasingly apparent. However, information regarding the associated infections is limited. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of infection during CAR-T therapy and identify the potential risk factors. Especially, we evaluated infections and the associated risk factors in 92 patients. The cohort included patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 58) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 34). Fifteen cases of infection (predominantly bacterial) were observed within 28 days of CAR-T therapy, with an infection density of 0.5 infections for every 100 days-at-risk. Neutropenia before CAR-T therapy (P = .005) and prior infection (P = .046) were independent risk factors associated with infection within 28 days after CAR-T therapy; corticosteroid treatment during cytokine release syndrome (P = .013) was an independent risk factor during days 29-180 after CAR-T infusions. Moreover, the 2-year survival duration was significantly shorter in patients with infections than in those without (126 vs 409 days; P = .006). Our results suggested that effective anti-infection therapies may improve prognosis of patients who have a high infection risk. The risk of bacterial infections during the early stages of CAR-T therapy and the subsequent risk of viral infections thereafter should be considered to provide the appropriate treatment and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Hematology, 74783Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Guoqing Wei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yandan Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Houli Zhou
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luxin Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Hu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Farrugia M, Cutajar C, Agius JC, Wismayer PS. Steroids-has the time come to extend their use to AML? J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:7. [PMID: 33661420 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2018, leukaemia accounted for 2.6% of all new cancers, it being the 13th most common cause of cancer and the 10th most common cause of cancer death. Glucocorticoids are commonly used in lymphoid leukaemia treatment, where they are cytotoxic. The aim of this review is to highlight ongoing research of steroid use in myeloid leukaemias. MAIN TEXT Glucocorticoids increase infection risks in acute myeloid leukaemia, but with adequate antifungal cover, they can help in hyperleucocytic disease. They also show some benefits in sensitising multidrug-resistant AML cell lines to cytotoxic agents, induce differentiation marker expression and can also induce CD38 expression, making AML cells possible targets of daratumumab. Cardiotonic steroids, like digitalis, are being recognised as sensitising AML cells to the chemotherapeutic effects of many cytotoxic agents, primarily by inhibiting efflux pumps, thus minimising AML resistance. Ecdysteroids enhance sensitivity in multidrug-resistant AML, but also in non-resistant AML cell lines, through pathways including the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis. Their anti-apoptotic effects on non-malignant cell lines help their target specificity. Sensitisation is chemotherapy-specific, enhancing the effects of doxorubicin and tubulin inhibitors but increasing resistance to cisplatinum. SHORT CONCLUSION Cardiotonic steroids and ecdysteroids both show chemosensitisation to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy on AML cell lines. It is likely time to consider clinical trials to assess whether these, as well as traditional glucocorticoids, can contribute to the AML armamentarium, particularly in chemo-resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Farrugia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MDS2080, Malta
| | - Catriona Cutajar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MDS2080, Malta
| | - Jean Calleja Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MDS2080, Malta
| | - Pierre Schembri Wismayer
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MDS2080, Malta.
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14
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Early T-Cell Precursor Leukemia Has a Higher Risk of Induction-Related Infection among T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adult. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2020:8867760. [PMID: 33424437 PMCID: PMC7775137 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8867760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the reports regarding risk factors of induction-related infection are roughly unknown/limited in adult T-ALL during induction chemotherapy. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study for the prevalence and risk predictors of induction-related infection among consecutive T-ALL patients (N = 97) enrolled in a PDT-ALL-LBL clinical trial. Of 97 patients with T-ALL enrolled in the trial, 46 were early T-cell precursor (ETP) ALL and 51 were non-ETP ALL. Results When compared with non-ETP, ETP ALL subtype was characterized with lower neutrophil count (1.35 × 109/L vs. 8.7 × 109/L, P < 0.001) and lower myeloid percentage in the bone marrow (13.35% vs. 35.31%, P = 0.007). Additionally, ETP ALL had longer neutropenia before diagnosis (P < 0.001), as well as during induction chemotherapy (P < 0.001). Notably, the ETP cohort experienced higher cumulative incidence of clinically documented infections (CDI; 33.33%, P = 0.001), microbiologically documented infections (MDI; 45.24%, P = 0.006), resistant infection (11.9%, P = 0.013), and mixed infection (21.43%, P = 0.003), respectively, than those of the non-ETP cohort. Furthermore, multivariable analysis revealed that T-ALL mixed infection was more likely related to chemotherapy response (OR, 0.025; 95% CI 0.127-0.64; P = 0.012) and identified myeloid percentage as a predictor associated with ETP-ALL mixed infection (OR, 0.915; 95% CI 0.843-0.993; P = 0.033), with ROC-defined cut-off value of 2.24% in ETP cohorts. Conclusions Our data for the first time demonstrated that ETP-ALL characterized with impaired myelopoiesis were more susceptible to induction-related infection among T-ALL populations.
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15
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Sung L, Corbin C, Steinberg E, Vettese E, Campigotto A, Lecce L, Tomlinson GA, Shah N. Development and utility assessment of a machine learning bloodstream infection classifier in pediatric patients receiving cancer treatments. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1103. [PMID: 33187484 PMCID: PMC7666525 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objectives were to build a machine learning algorithm to identify bloodstream infection (BSI) among pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients, and to compare this approach with presence of neutropenia to identify BSI. Methods We included patients 0–18 years of age at cancer diagnosis or HSCT between January 2009 and November 2018. Eligible blood cultures were those with no previous blood culture (regardless of result) within 7 days. The primary outcome was BSI. Four machine learning algorithms were used: elastic net, support vector machine and two implementations of gradient boosting machine (GBM and XGBoost). Model training and evaluation were performed using temporally disjoint training (60%), validation (20%) and test (20%) sets. The best model was compared to neutropenia alone in the test set. Results Of 11,183 eligible blood cultures, 624 (5.6%) were positive. The best model in the validation set was GBM, which achieved an area-under-the-receiver-operator-curve (AUROC) of 0.74 in the test set. Among the 2236 in the test set, the number of false positives and specificity of GBM vs. neutropenia were 508 vs. 592 and 0.76 vs. 0.72 respectively. Among 139 test set BSIs, six (4.3%) non-neutropenic patients were identified by GBM. All received antibiotics prior to culture result availability. Conclusions We developed a machine learning algorithm to classify BSI. GBM achieved an AUROC of 0.74 and identified 4.3% additional true cases in the test set. The machine learning algorithm did not perform substantially better than using presence of neutropenia alone to predict BSI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07618-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X8, Canada.
| | - Conor Corbin
- Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Ethan Steinberg
- Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Emily Vettese
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Aaron Campigotto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Loreto Lecce
- Division of Neonatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nigam Shah
- Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA
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16
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Tolnai E, Fidler G, Szász R, Rejtő L, Nwozor KO, Biró S, Paholcsek M. Free circulating mircoRNAs support the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies and neutropenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16532. [PMID: 33020578 PMCID: PMC7536194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a worrisome complication in hematologic cancer patients and in the absence of disease specific symptoms, it is important to establish new biological indicators, which can be used during mould-active prophylaxis. Recently, miRNAs have appeared as candidate diagnostic and prognostic markers of several diseases. A pilot clinical study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of 14 microRNAs which can be related to invasive fungal infections. Based on our data miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-26b-5p and miR-21-5p showed significant overexpression (p < 0.005) due to invasive aspergillosis in hemato-oncology patients with profound neutropenia. A tetramiR assay was designed to monitor peripheral blood specimens. Optimal cut-off was estimated by using the median value (fold change 1.1) of the log10 transformed gene expressions. The biomarker panel was evaluated on two independent sample cohorts implementing different antimicrobial prophylactic strategies. The receiver operating characteristic analysis with area under the curve proved to be 0.97. Three miRNAs (miR-142-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-16-5p) showed significant expression alterations in episodes with sepsis. In summary, the tetramiR assay proved to be a promising diagnostic adjunct with sufficient accuracy and sensitivity to trace invasive aspergillosis in hemato-oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Tolnai
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fidler
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szász
- Division of Haematology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Rejtő
- Department of Hematology, Jósa András Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Kingsley Okechukwu Nwozor
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Sándor Biró
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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17
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Yao TC, Huang YW, Chang SM, Tsai SY, Wu AC, Tsai HJ. Association Between Oral Corticosteroid Bursts and Severe Adverse Events : A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2020; 173:325-330. [PMID: 32628532 DOI: 10.7326/m20-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term use of oral corticosteroids has known adverse effects, but the risk from brief oral steroid bursts (≤14 days) is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between steroid bursts and severe adverse events, specifically gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, sepsis, and heart failure. DESIGN Self-controlled case series. SETTING Entire National Health Insurance Research Database of medical claims records in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 20 to 64 years with continuous enrollment in the National Health Insurance program from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015. MEASUREMENTS Incidence rates of severe adverse events in steroid burst users and non-steroid users, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for severe adverse events within 5 to 30 and 31 to 90 days after initiation of steroid therapy. RESULTS Of 15 859 129 adult participants, 2 623 327 who received a single steroid burst were included. The most common indications were skin disorders and respiratory tract infections. The incidence rates per 1000 person-years in steroid bursts were 27.1 (95% CI, 26.7 to 27.5) for GI bleeding, 1.5 (CI, 1.4 to 1.6) for sepsis, and 1.3 (CI, 1.2 to 1.4) for heart failure. Rates of GI bleeding (IRR, 1.80 [CI, 1.75 to 1.84]), sepsis (IRR, 1.99 [CI, 1.70 to 2.32]), and heart failure (IRR, 2.37 [CI, 2.13 to 2.63]) significantly increased within 5 to 30 days after steroid therapy initiation and attenuated during the subsequent 31 to 90 days. LIMITATION Persons younger than 20 years or older than 64 years were not included. CONCLUSION Oral corticosteroid bursts are frequently prescribed in the general adult population in Taiwan. The highest rates of GI bleeding, sepsis, and heart failure occurred within the first month after initiation of steroid therapy. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Health Research Institutes, Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan (T.Y.)
| | - Ya-Wen Huang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan (Y.H., S.T., H.T.)
| | | | - Shun-Yu Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan (Y.H., S.T., H.T.)
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (A.C.W.)
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan (Y.H., S.T., H.T.)
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18
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Pelland-Marcotte MC, Pole JD, Nathan PC, Sutradhar R, Sung L. Severe infections following treatment for childhood cancer: a report from CYP-C. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2876-2884. [PMID: 32654563 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1789626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about infections occurring after childhood cancer treatment. We assessed the risk of severe infection postcancer therapy in survivors of leukemia compared to other cancer types. We performed a population-based cohort study of children <15 years of age diagnosed with cancer (2001-2016), alive and relapse-free 30 days after treatment completion. The risk of severe infection in both groups was estimated using subdistribution proportional hazard regression. We identified 6148 survivors (1960 with leukemia). The cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval) of severe infections at 3 years was 0.70% (0.40-1.2%) in leukemia and 0.51% (0.32-0.79%) in other cancers. The risk of severe infection was not statistically different in leukemia survivors compared to other cancer types in univariate and multivariate analysis (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.69-2.85). No significant association was found between a history of leukemia and an increased risk of severe infection after treatment, compared to other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Pelland-Marcotte
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Quebec City, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason D Pole
- ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, Canada
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19
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Lehrnbecher T, Fisher BT, Phillips B, Beauchemin M, Carlesse F, Castagnola E, Duong N, Dupuis LL, Fioravantti V, Groll AH, Haeusler GM, Roilides E, Science M, Steinbach WJ, Tissing W, Warris A, Patel P, Robinson PD, Sung L. Clinical Practice Guideline for Systemic Antifungal Prophylaxis in Pediatric Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3205-3216. [PMID: 32459599 PMCID: PMC7499615 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a clinical practice guideline for systemic antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. METHODS Recommendations were developed by an international multidisciplinary panel that included a patient advocate. We conducted a systematic review of systemic antifungal prophylaxis in children and adults with cancer and HSCT recipients. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to make strong or weak recommendations and to classify level of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low. The panel considered directness of the data to pediatric patients. RESULTS There were 68 randomized trials included in the systematic review, of which 6 (9%) were conducted in a solely pediatric population. Strong recommendations were made to administer systemic antifungal prophylaxis to children and adolescents receiving treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, to those undergoing allogeneic HSCT pre-engraftment, and to those receiving systemic immunosuppression for graft-versus-host disease treatment. A strong recommendation was made to administer a mold-active agent with an echinocandin or a mold-active azole when systemic antifungal prophylaxis is warranted. For children younger than 13 years of age, an echinocandin, voriconazole, or itraconazole is suggested. Posaconazole may also be used in those age 13 years or older. A strong recommendation against routine administration of amphotericin as systemic antifungal prophylaxis was made. CONCLUSION We developed a clinical practice guideline for systemic antifungal prophylaxis administration in pediatric patients with cancer and HSCT recipients. Implementation and assessment of guideline-concordant rates and impacts are important future steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brian T Fisher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bob Phillips
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Beauchemin
- Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, Pediatric Oncology, New York, NY
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Nathan Duong
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicky Fioravantti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, and National Health and Medical Research Council, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle, University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michelle Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Steinbach
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Wim Tissing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Centre, Utrecht, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adilia Warris
- Medical Research Council Center for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Patel
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lillian Sung
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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[Prevention and treatment of antineoplastic drug-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric onco-hematology: An update]. Bull Cancer 2020; 107:800-812. [PMID: 32418660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antineoplastic drug induced nausea and vomiting are common adverse events in cancer care of paediatric patients ; therefore, prevention and management of these adverse events is a major concern for healthcare professionals. There are common features between paediatric and adult patients in terms of the emetogenic level depending on antineoplastic agents or about available medicines. However, there are also specificities for paediatric population including individual risk factors of emesis or nausea assessment for example. Knowledge relative to available medicines is also limited in the paediatric population, especially for recent medicines. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview about antiemetics in paediatric oncology to clinicians and other healthcare professionals involved in paediatric cancer care. First of all, we describe physiopathological paediatric specificity, risk factors and clinical assessment of antineoplastic drug induced nausea and vomiting. Secondly, we focus on available medicines and also address the issue of complementary and alternative medicines.
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21
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Pelland-Marcotte MC, Pole JD, Sutradhar R, Nathan PC, Sung L. Infections as a potential long-term risk following childhood leukemia. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109554. [PMID: 31945656 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer. While infections are a frequent and potentially severe complication while on treatment, less is known about the risk for infections following therapy completion. In this article, we propose that leukemia survivors might be at increased risk of infections following therapy completion than the general population, independently of potential confounders such as age, sex and Down syndrome. This association is conceivably due to several factors. First, therapy-induced immune dysfunction of both the humoral and cellular compartments appears to last for several years following anti-cancer therapy and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Second, clinical and epidemiological research has shown leukemia survivors are disproportionally affected by comorbidities related to leukemia treatment and its complications, such as diabetes and obesity, which may induce secondary immunodeficiency and infections. Last, differences in health-related behaviors between leukemia survivors and the general population (such as re-vaccination practices) may affect the baseline risk of infections. Although under-represented in the epidemiological literature as a possible late effect of childhood leukemia and its treatment, it is plausible that leukemia survivors are at increased risk of infections for several years when compared to the general population and their siblings. Further research is needed to empirically test these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Pelland-Marcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jason D Pole
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, 480, University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Health Sciences Building, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555, University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada; Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686, Bay St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555, University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada; Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686, Bay St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Fisher BT, Zaoutis T, Dvorak CC, Nieder M, Zerr D, Wingard JR, Callahan C, Villaluna D, Chen L, Dang H, Esbenshade AJ, Alexander S, Wiley JM, Sung L. Effect of Caspofungin vs Fluconazole Prophylaxis on Invasive Fungal Disease Among Children and Young Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 322:1673-1681. [PMID: 31688884 PMCID: PMC6865545 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Children, adolescents, and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia are at high risk of life-threatening invasive fungal disease with both yeasts and molds. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of caspofungin vs fluconazole prophylaxis against proven or probable invasive fungal disease and invasive aspergillosis during neutropenia following acute myeloid leukemia chemotherapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, open-label, clinical trial enrolled patients aged 3 months to 30 years with newly diagnosed de novo, relapsed, or secondary acute myeloid leukemia being treated at 115 US and Canadian institutions (April 2011-November 2016; last follow-up June 30, 2018). INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned during the first chemotherapy cycle to prophylaxis with caspofungin (n = 257) or fluconazole (n = 260). Prophylaxis was administered during the neutropenic period following each chemotherapy cycle. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was proven or probable invasive fungal disease as adjudicated by blinded central review. Secondary outcomes were invasive aspergillosis, empirical antifungal therapy, and overall survival. RESULTS The second interim efficacy analysis and an unplanned futility analysis based on 394 patients appeared to have suggested futility, so the study was closed to accrual. Among the 517 participants who were randomized (median age, 9 years [range, 0-26 years]; 44% female), 508 (98%) completed the trial. The 23 proven or probable invasive fungal disease events (6 caspofungin vs 17 fluconazole) included 14 molds, 7 yeasts, and 2 fungi not further categorized. The 5-month cumulative incidence of proven or probable invasive fungal disease was 3.1% (95% CI, 1.3%-7.0%) in the caspofungin group vs 7.2% (95% CI, 4.4%-11.8%) in the fluconazole group (overall P = .03 by log-rank test) and for cumulative incidence of proven or probable invasive aspergillosis was 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1%-3.5%) with caspofungin vs 3.1% (95% CI, 1.4%-6.9%) with fluconazole (overall P = .046 by log-rank test). No statistically significant differences in empirical antifungal therapy (71.9% caspofungin vs 69.5% fluconazole, overall P = .78 by log-rank test) or 2-year overall survival (68.8% caspofungin vs 70.8% fluconazole, overall P = .66 by log-rank test) were observed. The most common toxicities were hypokalemia (22 caspofungin vs 13 fluconazole), respiratory failure (6 caspofungin vs 9 fluconazole), and elevated alanine transaminase (4 caspofungin vs 8 fluconazole). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among children, adolescents, and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia, prophylaxis with caspofungin compared with fluconazole resulted in significantly lower incidence of invasive fungal disease. The findings suggest that caspofungin may be considered for prophylaxis against invasive fungal disease, although study interpretation is limited by early termination due to an unplanned interim analysis that appeared to have suggested futility. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01307579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Fisher
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theoklis Zaoutis
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher C. Dvorak
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of California San Francisco
| | - Michael Nieder
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Danielle Zerr
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Colleen Callahan
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lu Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ha Dang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Adam J. Esbenshade
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Division of Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph M. Wiley
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Renzi S, Bartram J, Ali S, Portwine C, Mitchell D, Dix D, Lewis V, Price V, Johnston DL, Sung L. Perianal Infections in Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Canadian Infection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research Group. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 8:354-357. [PMID: 30165563 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Among 235 children with acute myeloid leukemia, 17 experienced 19 perianal infections. Among 12 episodes with definite abscess, 75% were severely neutropenic. Sixteen diagnostic imaging evaluations were performed; diagnostic yield was similar between computerized tomography of pelvis (5 of 10) and ultrasound (3 of 5). Consistent management approaches to perianal infection should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Renzi
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack Bartram
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Salah Ali
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Canada
| | - David Mitchell
- Hematology/Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Canada
| | - David Dix
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victor Lewis
- Hematology/Oncology/Transplant Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada
| | - Victoria Price
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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24
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Løhmann DJA, Asdahl PH, Abrahamsson J, Ha SY, Jónsson ÓG, Kaspers GJL, Koskenvuo M, Lausen B, De Moerloose B, Palle J, Zeller B, Sung L, Hasle H. Associations between pretherapeutic body mass index, outcome, and cytogenetic abnormalities in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6634-6643. [PMID: 31532076 PMCID: PMC6825997 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Associations between body mass index (BMI), outcome, and leukemia‐related factors in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. We investigated associations between pretherapeutic BMI, cytogenetic abnormalities, and outcome in a large multinational cohort of children with AML. Methods We included patients, age 2‐17 years, diagnosed with de novo AML from the five Nordic countries (2004‐2016), Hong Kong (2007‐2016), the Netherlands and Belgium (2010‐2016), and Canada and USA (1995‐2012). BMI standard deviations score for age and sex was calculated and categorized according to the World Health Organization. Cumulative incidence functions, Kaplan‐Meier estimator, Cox regression, and logistic regression were used to investigate associations. Results In total, 867 patients were included. The median age was 10 years (range 2‐17 years). At diagnosis, 32 (4%) were underweight, 632 (73%) were healthy weight, 127 (15%) were overweight, and 76 (9%) were obese. There was no difference in relapse risk, treatment‐related mortality or overall mortality across BMI groups. The frequency of t(8;21) and inv(16) increased with increasing BMI. For obese patients, the sex, age, and country adjusted odds ratio of having t(8;21) or inv(16) were 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1‐3.4) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.3‐5.8), respectively, compared to healthy weight patients. Conclusions This study did not confirm previous reports of associations between overweight and increased treatment‐related or overall mortality in children. Obesity was associated with a higher frequency of t(8;21) and inv(16). AML cytogenetics appear to differ by BMI status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte J A Løhmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Peter H Asdahl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jonas Abrahamsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Institution for Clinical Sciences, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shau-Yin Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Mary Hospital and Hong Kong Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Study Group (HKPHOSG), Hong Kong, China
| | - Ólafur G Jónsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Minna Koskenvuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birgitte Lausen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Josefine Palle
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bernward Zeller
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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25
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Bun S, Kunisawa S, Sasaki N, Fushimi K, Matsumoto K, Yamatani A, Imanaka Y. Analysis of concordance with antiemetic guidelines in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with cancer using a large-scale administrative database. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6243-6249. [PMID: 31469518 PMCID: PMC6797697 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Object The appropriate use of antiemetics is important for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV); however, little is known about the rate of concordance with antiemetic guidelines for CINV in the field of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult. Methods Using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system in Japan, we identified patients <30 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer between July 2010 and March 2016. We have assessed concordance with the ASCO antiemetic guidelines for each emetic risk category of chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, we have assessed the risk factors of discordance with the antiemetic guidelines using a logistic regression. Results In total, 21 106 patients who underwent chemotherapy were included. The rates of concordance with the guidelines in each emetic risk category of chemotherapeutic drugs were 51.1% in high risk, ≥18 years of age; 21.5% in high risk, <18 years of age; 32.1% in moderate risk; 52.0% in low risk; and 51.6% in minimal risk. The main reason for the discordance was underuse of antiemetics, especially steroids. The factors for discordance were younger age, use of moderate and high emetic risk chemotherapeutic drugs, hematological malignancy, and brain tumor. Conclusion There is substantial scope to improve the antiemetic practice and reduce the risk of discordance with the antiemetic guidelines in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients. The risk factors are different from those in adults. Further investigations to evaluate the causes of discordance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Bun
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Child Health and Development Hospital, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Susumu Kunisawa
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Sasaki
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Children's Oncology Center, National Center for Child health and Development Hospital, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Akimasa Yamatani
- Department of Pharmacy, National Center for Child Health and Development Hospital, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Imanaka
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Pelland-Marcotte MC, Pole JD, Hwee J, Sutradhar R, Science M, Nathan PC, Sung L. Long-Term Risk of Infections After Treatment of Childhood Leukemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Administrative Health Data. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2651-2660. [PMID: 31393747 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Infections are a frequent complication during childhood leukemia treatment. Little is known about the infectious risk in survivors. We compared the relative rate (RR) of infections after treatment completion between pediatric leukemia survivors and the general population. METHODS We performed a retrospective, population-based cohort study of children diagnosed with leukemia between 1992 and 2015 in Ontario, Canada, who were alive and relapse free 30 days after treatment completion (index date). Leukemia survivors were matched 5:1 with the general population by year of birth, sex, and rural status and stratified by initial treatment, including and excluding hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). The primary outcome was time to infections, as identified using validated diagnostic codes from administrative databases. Individuals were censored at the earliest of death, first relapse, loss to follow-up, or end of study. RESULTS A total of 2,204 leukemia survivors were included and matched with 11,020 controls. The rate of infections was elevated after treatment completion compared with controls (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.57) and at less than 1 year (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.69 to 1.86); 1 to 4.99 years (RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.62 to 1.71), and 5 or more years (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.36) from the index date. Among those whose initial treatment excluded HSCT, the rate remained elevated more than 5 years from the index date (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.35). Infection-related death was significantly increased in leukemia survivors both among the entire cohort (hazard ratio, 149.3; 95% CI, 20.4 to 1,091.9) and among those without HSCT (hazard ratio, 92.7; 95% CI, 12.4 to 690.7). CONCLUSION A significant association was found between a history of leukemia therapy and an increased risk of infections. Additional study is needed to establish which exposures in patients with leukemia lead to late infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason D Pole
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremiah Hwee
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul C Nathan
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Hickey V, Flesch L, Lane A, Pai AL, Huber J, Badia P, Davies SM, Dandoy CE. Token economy to improve adherence to activities of daily living. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27387. [PMID: 30051581 PMCID: PMC6150780 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in key activities of daily living (ADL), including daily bathing, physical activity, and oral hygiene, can decrease the risk of bloodstream infections, oral complications, and deconditioning in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, many patients fail to perform ADL during their inpatient stay. To improve inpatient adherence to ADL, we tested a token economy to engage patients, families, and the clinical team in improving adherence to these important health behaviors during this critical time. METHODS We used a controlled before-after study design to test our hypothesis. All patients were prescribed three ADL. We used an "all or none" measurement for each component of the ADL 1-2-3 initiative to measure adherence. HSCT patients with poor ADL adherence (<20%) were eligible to receive the intervention, which consisted of rewarding patients through an ADL via a token economy. RESULTS Twenty-one patients participated in the study. ADL adherence for the 14 days prior to intervention in study subjects (n = 294 inpatient days) averaged 0.51 ADL per day (95% CI 0.45-0.57). In the 14 days postinitiation of the token economy intervention (n = 294 inpatient days), the average adherence was 2.5 ADL per day (95% CI 2.4-2.5; P = <0.001). DISCUSSION Positive reinforcement through a token economy system is associated with improved adherence to ADL in hospitalized pediatric patients who demonstrated poor ADL adherence at baseline. We believe this intervention can positively impact adherence to targeted health behaviors with the ability to correlate with improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hickey
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Patient Services, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Laura Flesch
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Patient Services, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ahna L.H. Pai
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John Huber
- Information Services, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Priscila Badia
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stella M Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christopher E Dandoy
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplant and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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28
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Løhmann DJA, Asdahl PH, Abrahamsson J, Ha SY, Jónsson ÓG, Kaspers GJL, Koskenvuo M, Lausen B, De Moerloose B, Palle J, Zeller B, Hasle H. Associations between neutrophil recovery time, infections and relapse in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27231. [PMID: 29781563 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated similarly show different toxicity and leukemic responses. We investigated associations between neutrophil recovery time after the first induction course, infection and relapse in children treated according to NOPHO-AML 2004 and DB AML-01. PROCEDURE Newly diagnosed patients with AML with bone marrow blast <5% between day 15 after the start of the treatment and the start of second induction course, and in complete remission after the second induction course were included (n = 279). Neutrophil recovery time was defined as the time from the start of the course to the last day with absolute neutrophil count <0.5 × 109 /l. Linear and Cox regressions were used to investigate associations. RESULTS Neutrophil recovery time after the first induction course was positively associated with neutrophil recovery time after the remaining courses, and longer neutrophil recovery time (≥25 days) was associated with increased risk of grade 3-4 infections (hazard ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.8). Longer neutrophil recovery time after the first induction (>30 days) was associated with the increased risk of relapse (5-year cumulative incidence: 48% vs. 42%, hazard ratio 1.7, 95% CI, 1.1-2.6) for cases not treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first complete remission. CONCLUSION Longer neutrophil recovery time after the first induction course was associated with grade 3-4 infections and relapse. If confirmed, this knowledge could be incorporated into risk stratification strategies in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte J A Løhmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter H Asdahl
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Abrahamsson
- Institution for Clinical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shau-Yin Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Mary Hospital and Hong Kong Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Study Group (HKPHOSG), Hong Kong, China
| | - Ólafur G Jónsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, and Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Minna Koskenvuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birgitte Lausen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Josefine Palle
- Department of Woman´s and Children´s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bernward Zeller
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Du Plessis L, Rassekh SR, Mammen C. High incidence of acute kidney injury during chemotherapy for childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65. [PMID: 29286559 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare and heterogeneous disease. Pediatric data on the epidemiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in AML are limited. We report on the incidence of AKI in childhood AML and the risk factors associated with AKI episodes. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 53 patients (≤18 years), with de novo AML, receiving chemotherapy over a 10-year period. All serum creatinine (SCr) levels during therapy-related hospitalizations were assessed to stage AKI episodes as per Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Severe AKI was defined as AKI stages 2 or 3 and urine output criteria were not used. AKI risk factors were assessed independently in both cycle 1 alone and combining all chemotherapy cycles. RESULTS AKI developed in 34 patients (64%) with multiple AKI episodes in 10 patients (46 total episodes). Twenty-four severe AKI episodes occurred in 23 patients (43.4%) with a mean duration of 26.1 days (SD 7.3). In cycle 1, hyperleukocytosis was not predictive of AKI, but severe sepsis was an independent risk factor of severe AKI (odds ratio [OR]: 13.4; 95% CI 1.9-94.9). With cycles combined, all subjects with AKI had severe sepsis and older age (≥10 years) was associated with severe AKI (OR: 20.8; 95% CI 3.8-112.2). CONCLUSION There was a high incidence of AKI in our AML cohort with a strong association with older age (≥10 years) and severe sepsis. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm the high burden of AKI and risk factors in this susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liezl Du Plessis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood & Marrow Transplant, British Columbia Children's Hospital (BCCH), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shahrad Rod Rassekh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood & Marrow Transplant, British Columbia Children's Hospital (BCCH), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cherry Mammen
- Division of Nephrology, British Columbia Children's Hospital (BCCH), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jain S, Kapoor G, Koneru S, Vishwakarma G. A randomized, open-label non-inferiority study to compare palonosetron and ondansetron for prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced vomiting in children with cancer receiving moderate or high emetogenic chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:3091-3097. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Renzi S, Ali S, Portwine C, Mitchell D, Dix D, Lewis V, Price V, Science M, Sung L. Adenovirus Infection in Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Canadian Infection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:135-137. [PMID: 28806282 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are at high risk of life-threatening bacterial and fungal infection. However, little is known about the prevalence or severity of adenovirus infection in this population. Objective was to describe the characteristics, treatments and outcomes of adenovirus infection in children with newly diagnosed AML. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review based upon 2 multicenter cohort studies that focused on identifying risk factors for infection in children with AML. Inclusion criteria were patients with de novo AML who were ≤18 years of age at diagnosis with a clinical specimen positive for adenovirus. RESULTS Among the 235 patients with AML, 12 (5.1%) had positive adenovirus testing. The most common site of isolation was stool (n = 11, 91.6 %), and the most frequent symptom was diarrhea (n = 11, 91.6 %). Two patients received specific treatment for adenovirus, namely intravenous immunoglobulin only in 1 patient and both intravenous immunoglobulin and inhaled ribavirin in a second patient. In 11 patients, adenovirus resolved uneventfully without recurrence, including 10 that received no adenovirus-specific therapy. However, 1 patient developed sepsis syndrome in the setting of disseminated adenoviral infection and died from multiorgan failure. CONCLUSION In children with AML, adenovirus infection was rare and typically not associated with severe disease, even without specific treatment. However, disseminated and fatal disease can occur in this population. Further investigations are needed to identify pediatric AML patients at particular risk for severe adenovirus infection and to determine optimal treatment approaches in these patients.
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Young JS, Simmons JW. Chemotherapeutic Medications and Their Emergent Complications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:995-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bacterial Infection and Associated Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1018:181-191. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5765-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Man G, Hu LZ, Elias PM, Man MQ. Therapeutic Benefits of Natural Ingredients for Atopic Dermatitis. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 24:308-314. [PMID: 28861804 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although a variety of regimens are available for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), severe adverse reactions and unpopular costs often limit their usage. In contrast, certain inexpensive, naturally-occurring ingredients are proven effective for AD with fewer side effects. The beneficial effects of these ingredients can be attributed to inhibition of cytokine and chemokine expression, IgE production, inflammatory cell infiltration, histamine release, and/or the enhancement of epidermal permeability barrier function. Since herbal medicines are widely available, inexpensive and generally safe, they could be valuable alternatives for the treatment of AD, particularly for those patients who are not suitable for the utilization of immune modulators. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic benefits of natural ingredients for the treatment of AD and the mechanisms of their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Man
- Dermatology Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Li-Zhi Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peter M Elias
- Dermatology Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Mao-Qiang Man
- Dermatology Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
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35
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Non-fermentative Gram-negative rods bacteremia in children with cancer: a 14-year single-center experience. Infection 2017; 45:327-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-0988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Marchetti O, Tissot F, Calandra T. Infections in the Cancer Patient. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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37
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de León-Borrás R, DelPilar-Morales E, Rivera-Pérez N, Pallens-Feliciano M, Tirado-Gómez M, González-Sepúlveda L, Bertrán-Pasarell J. Factors Associated to Invasive Fungal Infection in Hispanic Patients with Hematological Malignancies. BOLETIN DE LA ASOCIACION MEDICA DE PUERTO RICO 2017; 109:43-48. [PMID: 29861498 PMCID: PMC5980240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections represent a serious complication for immunosuppressed patients resulting in an increased morbidity and mortality. A non-concurrent prospective study was performed to evaluate the factors associated to invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients with hematological malignancies admitted to the University Hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico from January 1st, 2011 through June 15th, 2014. The medical records of 84 patients were evaluated. Fifty-nine patients with IFI and twenty-five without IFI. The majority were men between 35 to 55 years old. The main hematological diagnosis was acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Seventy-percent developed IFI. The most common fungi were C. albicans followed by non-albicans species, Fusarium and, Aspergillus species, respectively. About 63% of the patients with AML and 81% without AML had IFI. Those who received steroids were more likely to develop IFI. After adjusting for AML and age, the odds of IFI among patients using steroids were 3.33 higher than those not using steroids. Patients who were exposed to different antifungal medication had 72% lower odds to develop IFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de León-Borrás
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Esteban DelPilar-Morales
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Nicole Rivera-Pérez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Mara Pallens-Feliciano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Maribel Tirado-Gómez
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan Puerto Rico
| | | | - Jorge Bertrán-Pasarell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Abstract
The viridans group streptococci are a heterogeneous group of organisms which exist as commensals in the oropharynx and the gut. They cause serious infections when they gain entry into sterile sites particularly in patients with predisposing conditions. Classification and species differentiation of these organisms has always been a challenge because of phenotypic differences between strains of the same species. Facklam's typing scheme based on six metabolic properties has been the most widely used and many commercial identification systems are based on it. Due to the ambiguity in species differentiation based on phenotypic tests, nucleic acid-based methods have been developed to improve the identification of these organisms. Results using genotypic methods such as 16S rRNA and sodA gene sequencing have been promising. Multilocus sequence analysis of seven house-keeping genes map, pfl, pyk, ppaC, rpoB, soda and tuf amplified by polymerase chain reaction was found to be an accurate alternative to other methods and could be useful in the characterisation of larger collections of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Menon
- Department of Microbiology, Dr AL Mudaliar, Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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39
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Dupuis LL, Sung L, Molassiotis A, Orsey AD, Tissing W, van de Wetering M. 2016 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: Prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in children. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:323-331. [PMID: 27565788 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To update the 2009 recommendations for the prevention of acute chemotherapy-induced emesis in children. METHODS We updated the original systematic literature search. Randomized studies were included in the evidence to support this guideline if they were primary studies fully published in full text in English or French; included only children less than 18 years old or, for mixed studies of adults and children, reported the pediatric results separately or the median or mean age was no more than 13 years; evaluated acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis; provided sufficient information to permit determination of the emetogenicity of the antineoplastic therapy administered or the study investigators stated the emetogenicity of the chemotherapy administered; included an implicit or explicit definition of complete acute CINV response; described the antiemetic regimen in full; and reported the complete acute CINV response rate as a proportion. RESULTS Twenty-five randomized studies, including eight published since 2009, met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Prophylaxis with a 5-HT3 antagonist (granisetron or ondansetron or palonosetron or tropisetron) ± dexamethasone ± aprepitant is recommended for children receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. For children receiving chemotherapy of low emetogenicity, a 5-HT3 antagonist is recommended. CONCLUSIONS The findings of several randomized trials were used to update recommendations for the prevention of acute CINV. However, significant research gaps remain and must be addressed before CINV control in children can be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Dupuis
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Lillian Sung
- Department of Pediatrics and Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexander Molassiotis
- School of Nursing and WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Health Services, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrea D Orsey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Wim Tissing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marianne van de Wetering
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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40
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Wang JY, Brossard J, Cellot S, Dix D, Feusner J, Johnston DL, Lewis V, Mitchell D, Portwine C, Price V, Sung L, Ethier MC, Gillmeister B. Invasive Rothia infections in children with acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Canadian infections in AML research group. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 33:277-281. [PMID: 27315594 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2016.1187231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rothia spp. (previously termed Stomatococcus) are normal flora that can cause invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. The objective of this study was to describe infection characteristics and outcomes of Rothia spp. infections in a large cohort of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This retrospective chart review is a subanalysis of a larger study in which the aim was to identify factors associated with infection in pediatric patients with AML. Only sterile site infections occurring during chemotherapy were included. Among 578 children with AML, 17 (2.9%) children with at least 1 Rothia spp. infection were identified. All children were neutropenic at the time of infection. Eight (47%) had antecedent colitis or mucositis. Of the 17 infections, 16 were bacteremia and 1 was meningitis. Sepsis occurred in 4 patients, and 1 patient died due to infection. Rothia spp. infections are rare in pediatric AML but can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Future studies should describe trends in incidence and resistance patterns over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Y Wang
- a Child Health Evaluative Sciences , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Faculty of Medicine , University of Toronto , St. George Campus , Ontario , Canada
| | - Josée Brossard
- c Service d'Hémato-Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Hematology/Oncology , Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke , Quebec , Canada
| | - Sonia Cellot
- d St. George Campus, Hematology/Oncology , Hospital Sainte-Justine , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
| | - David Dix
- e Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , BC Children's Hospital , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Jim Feusner
- f Division of Hematology/Oncology , Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland , Oakland , California , USA
| | - Donna L Johnston
- g Division of Hematology/Oncology , Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Victor Lewis
- h Hematology/Oncology/Transplant Program , Alberta Children's Hospital , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - David Mitchell
- i Division of Hematology/Oncology , Montreal Children's Hospital , Quebec , Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- j Division of Haematology/Oncology , Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals , Hamilton , Ontario , Canada
| | - Victoria Price
- k Department of Pediatrics , IWK Health Centre , Halifax , Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- a Child Health Evaluative Sciences , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,l Division of Haematology/Oncology , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Marie-Chantal Ethier
- a Child Health Evaluative Sciences , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Biljana Gillmeister
- a Child Health Evaluative Sciences , The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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41
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Klein K, Haarman EG, de Haas V, Zwaan CM, Creutzig U, Kaspers GL. Glucocorticoid-Induced Proliferation in Untreated Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemic Blasts. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1457-60. [PMID: 27093190 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the in vitro glucocorticoid (GC) responsiveness of 117 pediatric acute myeloid leukemia cells by considering GC resistance, GC-induced proliferation, and GC-induced differentiation. None of the samples was highly GC sensitive, and only 15% were intermediately sensitive. GC-induced differentiation was not observed, while GC-induced proliferation was observed in 27% of the samples. Samples with French-American-British classification (FAB) type M5 or activating Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations were significantly more prone to this phenomenon. Although we could not confirm this in our study, if induced proliferation in vitro is paralleled in vivo, GCs during consolidation may have adverse effects on minimal residual leukemic cells, which might increase relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Klein
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric G Haarman
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie de Haas
- Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Ch Michel Zwaan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Erasmus University Hospital/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ursula Creutzig
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gertjan L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG), The Hague, The Netherlands
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42
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Colombier MA, Lafaurie M, de Fontbrune FS, Resche-Rigon M, Donay JL, Pons JL, Molina JM, Socie G. Usefulness of daily surveillance blood cultures in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients on steroids: a 1-year prospective study. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 18:504-11. [PMID: 27218243 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bloodstream infections (BSI) are frequent and potentially severe complications in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) recipients. In patients on steroids, surveillance blood cultures (SBCs) are routinely performed to detect asymptomatic BSI but their usefulness remains controversial. METHODS We performed a 1-year, observational, prospective, single-center study to assess the utility of daily SBCs in AHSCT recipients on steroids and a case-control study to identify risk factors associated with positive SBCs. All blood cultures (BCs) obtained from adults hospitalized in the HSCT unit were prospectively studied throughout 1 year. Characteristics, treatments, and outcome of patients were retrieved from medical charts. RESULTS A total of 3594 BCs were obtained in 177 patients, including 1450 SBCs in 82 AHSCT recipients on steroids. In 33 patients, 103 SBCs (7%) were positive. Low-virulence bacteria were identified in 74% of episodes. When analyzing first episode of positive SBCs (28 patients), 6 (21%) true BSI were identified. CONCLUSIONS Patients with positive SBCs were receiving antibiotic treatment less frequently at the time of SBCs (P < 0.001) and had more frequently BCs obtained through central venous access (P < 0.04) when compared to patients with negative SBCs. Daily SBCs in AHSCT recipients on steroids only rarely identify BSI and clear benefit for patients could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Colombier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - M Lafaurie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - F S de Fontbrune
- Hematology, Immunology, Oncology Division (HOR), Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Resche-Rigon
- Biostatistic Unit, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Inserm 1153 ECSTRA Team, Université Paris 7 Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J-L Donay
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - J-L Pons
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - J-M Molina
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - G Socie
- Hematology, Immunology, Oncology Division (HOR), Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR 1160, Paris, France
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43
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Sung L, Dix D, Cellot S, Gillmeister B, Ethier MC, Roslin NM, Johnston DL, Feusner J, Mitchell D, Lewis V, Aplenc R, Yanofsky R, Portwine C, Price V, Zelcer S, Silva M, Bowes L, Michon B, Stobart K, Traubici J, Allen U, Beyene J, den Hollander N, Paterson AD. Single nucleotide polymorphism in IL1B is associated with infection risk in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:563.e9-563.e17. [PMID: 26932518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with infection risk in children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We conducted a multicentre, prospective cohort study that included children aged ≤18 years with de novo AML. DNA was isolated from blood lymphocytes or buccal swabs, and candidate gene SNP analysis was conducted. Primary outcome was the occurrence of microbiologically documented sterile site infection during chemotherapy. Secondary outcomes were Gram-positive and -negative infections, viridans group streptococcal infection and proven/probable invasive fungal infection. Interpretation was guided by consistency in risk alleles and microbiologic agent with previous literature. Over the study period 254 children and adolescents with AML were enrolled. Overall, 190 (74.8%) had at least one sterile site microbiologically documented infection. Among the 172 with inferred European ancestry and DNA available, nine significant associations were observed; two were consistent with previous literature. Allele A at IL1B (rs16944) was associated with decreased microbiologically documented infection, and allele G at IL10 (rs1800896) was associated with increased risk of Gram-positive infection. We identified SNPs associated with infection risk in paediatric AML. Genotype may provide insight into mechanisms of infection risk that could be used for supportive-care novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Ontario, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D Dix
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Cellot
- Hematology/Oncology, Hopital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - M C Ethier
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - N M Roslin
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Ontario, Canada
| | - D L Johnston
- Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Feusner
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - D Mitchell
- Hematology/Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - V Lewis
- Hematology/Oncology/Transplant Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R Aplenc
- Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Yanofsky
- Hematology/Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - C Portwine
- Hematology/Oncology, Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, Canada
| | - V Price
- Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S Zelcer
- Hematology/Oncology, London Health Sciences, Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Silva
- Hematology/Oncology, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Bowes
- Hematology/Oncology, Janeway Child Health Centre, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - B Michon
- Pediatric Hematology/OncologyCentre, Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - K Stobart
- Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Traubici
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Ontario, Canada
| | - U Allen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - N den Hollander
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | - A D Paterson
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Dix D, Aplenc R, Bowes L, Cellot S, Ethier MC, Feusner J, Gillmeister B, Johnston DL, Lewis V, Michon B, Mitchell D, Portwine C, Price V, Silva M, Stobart K, Yanofsky R, Zelcer S, Beyene J, Sung L. Impact of registration on clinical trials on infection risk in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1785-91. [PMID: 26515793 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of enrollment on therapeutic clinical trials on adverse event rates. Primary objective was to describe the impact of clinical trial registration on sterile site microbiologically documented infection for children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted a multicenter cohort study that included children aged ≤18 years with de novo AML. Primary outcome was microbiologically documented sterile site infection. Infection rates were compared between those registered and not registered on clinical trials. Five hundred seventy-four children with AML were included of which 198 (34.5%) were registered on a therapeutic clinical trial. Overall, 400 (69.7%) had at least one sterile site microbiologically documented infection. In multiple regression, registration on clinical trials was independently associated with a higher risk of microbiologically documented sterile site infection [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.53; p = 0.040] and viridans group streptococcal infection (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.98; p = 0.015). Registration on trials was not associated with Gram-negative or invasive fungal infections. Children with newly diagnosed AML enrolled on clinical trials have a higher risk of microbiologically documented sterile site infection. This information may impact on supportive care practices in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dix
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lynette Bowes
- Hematology/Oncology, Janeway Child Health Centre, St. John's, NFLD, Canada
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Hematology/Oncology, Hopital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Chantal Ethier
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Feusner
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA
| | - Biljana Gillmeister
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Hematology Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Otawa, ON, Canada
| | - Victor Lewis
- Hematology/Oncology/Transplant Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bruno Michon
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Centre, Hospitalier Universitaire De Quebec, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - David Mitchell
- Hematology/Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Hematology/Oncology, Chedoke-McMaster Hospitals, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mariana Silva
- Hematology/Oncology, Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario at Kingston, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kent Stobart
- Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Shayna Zelcer
- Hematology/Oncology, London Health Sciences, London, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Beyene
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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45
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Holland T, Fowler VG, Shelburne SA. Invasive gram-positive bacterial infection in cancer patients. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 59 Suppl 5:S331-4. [PMID: 25352626 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic studies have shown that gram-positive organisms are the leading cause of invasive bacterial disease in patients with cancer. A broad range of gram-positive bacteria cause serious infections in the cancer patient with the greatest burden of disease being due to staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. The evolution of cancer therapy and the changing epidemiology of major gram-positive pathogens mean that ongoing efforts are needed to understand and mitigate the impact of these bacteria in patients with malignancy. The development of novel antibacterials, optimization of treatment approaches, implementation of improved vaccines, and manipulation of the microbiome are all active areas of investigation in the goal of improving the survival of the cancer patient through amelioration of the disease burden of gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Holland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samuel A Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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46
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Abstract
To maximize the quality of pediatric cancer care delivered, the creation and implementation of supportive care clinical practice guidelines are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Sung
- University of Toronto; and The Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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47
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Shelburne SA, Sahasrabhojane P, Saldana M, Yao H, Su X, Horstmann N, Thompson E, Flores AR. Streptococcus mitis strains causing severe clinical disease in cancer patients. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:762-71. [PMID: 24750901 PMCID: PMC4012796 DOI: 10.3201/eid2005.130953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetically diverse viridans group streptococci (VGS) are increasingly recognized as the
cause of a variety of human diseases. We used a recently developed multilocus sequence analysis
scheme to define the species of 118 unique VGS strains causing bacteremia in patients with cancer;
Streptococcus mitis (68 patients) and S. oralis (22 patients) were
the most frequently identified strains. Compared with patients infected with non–S.
mitis strains, patients infected with S. mitis strains were more likely to
have moderate or severe clinical disease (e.g., VGS shock syndrome). Combined with the sequence
data, whole-genome analyses showed that S. mitis strains may more precisely be
considered as >2 species. Furthermore, we found that multiple S.
mitis strains induced disease in neutropenic mice in a dose-dependent fashion. Our data
define the prominent clinical effect of the group of organisms currently classified as S.
mitis and lay the groundwork for increased understanding of this understudied pathogen.
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48
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Lehrnbecher T, Sung L. Anti-infective prophylaxis in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:819-30. [PMID: 25359519 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.965140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric patients undergoing treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are at high risk for infectious complications, predominantly due to Gram-negative bacteria, viridans group streptococci and fungal pathogens. In order to prevent infections in these patients, most institutions have implemented a number of non-pharmacological approaches to supportive care. In addition, antibiotic prophylaxis reduces bacterial infection, but may increase the emergence of resistance. Antifungal prophylaxis is generally recommended for children with AML. Whereas the use of hematopoietic growth factors has not resulted in improved survival, the efficacy of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions has to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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49
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Shelburne SA, Chaftari AM, Jamal M, Al Wohoush I, Jiang Y, Abughazaleh S, Cairo J, Raad S, Debiane L, Raad I. Identification and characterization of catheter-related bloodstream infections due to viridans group streptococci in patients with cancer. Am J Infect Control 2014; 42:1127-9. [PMID: 25278410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Viridans group streptococci (VGS), a leading cause of bloodstream infection (BSI) in cancer patients, are thought to arise from the gastrointestinal tract. We sought to determine whether central venous catheters may serve as the source of VGS BSI, and to compare the ability of the newly proposed mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed BSI definition to assign a VGS BSI source compared with the catheter-related BSI definition.
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50
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Young JS, Simmons JW. Chemotherapeutic medications and their emergent complications. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2014; 32:563-78. [PMID: 25060250 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with complications of chemotherapy, either acute or chronic, are frequently encountered in the emergency department (ED). Some patients present with complaints immediately after chemotherapy administration, whereas others may show subtle, secondary signs or may have no signs or symptoms of chemotoxicity. An increased index of suspicion prompts early recognition, diagnosis, and prevention of further iatrogenic injury. This article reviews characteristic hypersensitivity reactions, typical organ system dysfunction, and treatment strategies for adult patients who present to the ED with complications after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Young
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Carilion Clinic, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.
| | - Jennifer W Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, 601 Childrens Lane, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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