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Tang Y, Xu W, Liu Y, Zhou J, Cui K, Chen Y. Autophagy protects mitochondrial health in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:113-123. [PMID: 37823952 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The progression of heart failure is reported to be strongly associated with homeostatic imbalance, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy, in the cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers autophagic and cardiac dysfunction. In turn, abnormal autophagy impairs mitochondrial function and leads to apoptosis or autophagic cell death under certain circumstances. These events often occur concomitantly, forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates heart failure. However, the role of the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy in the development of heart failure remains obscure and the underlying mechanisms are mainly elusive. The potential role of the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal autophagy in heart failure progression has recently garnered attention. This review summarized recent advances of the interactions between mitochondria and autophagy during the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
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Wang L, Yang J, Tan W, Guo Y, Li J, Duan C, Wei G, Chou M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor MtMIF3 prevents the premature aging of Medicago truncatula nodules. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1004-1017. [PMID: 36515398 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in immune response in animals. However, the role of MIFs in plants such as Medicago truncatula, particularly in symbiotic nitrogen fixation, remains unclear. An investigation of M. truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis revealed that MtMIF3 was mainly expressed in the nitrogen-fixing zone of the nodules. Silencing MtMIF3 using RNA interference (Ri) technology resulted in increased nodule numbers but higher levels of bacteroid degradation in the infected cells of the nitrogen-fixing zone, suggesting that premature aging was induced in MtMIF3-Ri nodules. In agreement with this conclusion, the activities of nitrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were lower than those in controls, but cysteine proteinase activity was increased in nodulated roots at 28 days postinoculation. In contrast, the overexpression of MtMIF3 inhibited nodule senescence. MtMIF3 is localized in the plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, where it interacts with methionine sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB), which is also localized in the chloroplasts of tobacco leaf cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MtMIF3 prevents premature nodule aging and protects against oxidation by interacting with MtMsrB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yile Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Minxia Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Lee SR, Mukae M, Jeong KJ, Park SH, Shin HJ, Kim SW, Won YS, Kwun HJ, Baek IJ, Hong EJ. PGRMC1 Ablation Protects from Energy-Starved Heart Failure by Promoting Fatty Acid/Pyruvate Oxidation. Cells 2023; 12:752. [PMID: 36899888 PMCID: PMC10000468 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is an emerging epidemic with a high mortality rate. Apart from conventional treatment methods, such as surgery or use of vasodilation drugs, metabolic therapy has been suggested as a new therapeutic strategy. The heart relies on fatty acid oxidation and glucose (pyruvate) oxidation for ATP-mediated contractility; the former meets most of the energy requirement, but the latter is more efficient. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation leads to the induction of pyruvate oxidation and provides cardioprotection to failing energy-starved hearts. One of the non-canonical types of sex hormone receptors, progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1), is a non-genomic progesterone receptor associated with reproduction and fertility. Recent studies revealed that Pgrmc1 regulates glucose and fatty acid synthesis. Notably, Pgrmc1 has also been associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy, as it reduces lipid-mediated toxicity and delays cardiac injury. However, the mechanism by which Pgrmc1 influences the energy-starved failing heart remains unknown. In this study, we found that loss of Pgrmc1 inhibited glycolysis and increased fatty acid/pyruvate oxidation, which is directly associated with ATP production, in starved hearts. Loss of Pgrmc1 during starvation activated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which induced cardiac ATP production. Pgrmc1 loss increased the cellular respiration of cardiomyocytes under low-glucose conditions. In isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury, Pgrmc1 knockout resulted in less fibrosis and low heart failure marker expression. In summary, our results revealed that Pgrmc1 ablation in energy-deficit conditions increases fatty acid/pyruvate oxidation to protect against cardiac damage via energy starvation. Moreover, Pgrmc1 may be a regulator of cardiac metabolism that switches the dominance of glucose-fatty acid usage according to nutritional status and nutrient availability in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Chen L, Yin Z, Qin X, Zhu X, Chen X, Ding G, Sun D, Wu NN, Fei J, Bi Y, Zhang J, Bucala R, Ren J, Zheng Q. CD74 ablation rescues type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction through pyroptosis-evoked regulation of ferroptosis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 176:106086. [PMID: 35033649 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) contributes to sustained inflammation and myopathic changes in the heart although the precise interplay between the two remains largely unknown. This study evaluated the impact of deficiency in CD74, the cognate receptor for the regulatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), in T2D-induced cardiac remodeling and functional responses, and cell death domains involved. WT and CD74-/- mice were fed a high fat diet (60% calorie from fat) for 8 weeks prior to injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg, i.p., 3 consecutive days) and were maintained for another 8 weeks. KEGG analysis for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) reported gene ontology term related to ferroptosis in T2D mouse hearts. T2D patients displayed elevated plasma MIF levels. Murine T2D exerted overt global metabolic derangements, cardiac remodeling, contractile dysfunction, apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, ablation of CD74 attenuated T2D-induced cardiac remodeling, contractile dysfunction, various forms of cell death and mitochondrial defects without affecting global metabolic defects. CD74 ablation rescued T2D-evoked NLRP3-Caspase1 activation and oxidative stress but not dampened autophagy. In vitro evidence depicted that high glucose/high fat (HGHF) compromised cardiomyocyte function and promoted lipid peroxidation, the effects were ablated by inhibitors of NLRP3, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis but not by the mitochondrial targeted antioxidant mitoQ. Recombinant MIF mimicked HGHF-induced lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion and ferroptosis, the effects of which were reversed by inhibitors of MIF, NLRP3 and pyroptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that CD74 ablation protects against T2D-induced cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction through NLRP3/pyroptosis-mediated regulation of ferroptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Cell Line
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Female
- Ferroptosis
- Gene Expression
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Humans
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/blood
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocardium/metabolism
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oxidative Stress
- Oxygen Consumption
- Pyroptosis
- Rats
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Gangbing Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032 China
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juanjuan Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaguang Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA.
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China; The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China.
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Deficiency of MIF Accentuates Overloaded Compression-Induced Nucleus Pulposus Cell Oxidative Damage via Depressing Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6192498. [PMID: 34306312 PMCID: PMC8270705 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6192498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Established studies proved that mechanical compression loading had multiple effects on the biological behavior of the intervertebral disc (IVD). However, the regulating mechanism involved in this process remains unclear. The current study is aimed at exploring the potential bioregulators and signaling pathways involved in the compression-associated biological changes of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Tandem mass tag- (TMT-) based quantitative proteomics was exerted to analyze the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and signal pathways among the different groups of NP cells cultured under noncompression, low-compression (LC), and high-compression (HC) loading. Eight potential protective bioregulators for the NP cell survival under different compression loading were predicted by the proteomics, among which macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and oxidative stress-related pathways were selected for further evaluation, due to its similar function in regulating the fate of the cartilage endplate- (CEP-) derived cells. We found that deficiency of MIF accentuates the accumulation of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and senescence of NP cells under overloaded mechanical compression. The potential molecular mechanism involved in this process is related to the mitophagy regulating role of MIF. Our findings provide a better understanding of the regulatory role of mechanical compression on the cellular fate commitment and matrix metabolism of NP, and the potential strategies for treating disc degenerative diseases via using MIF-regulating agents.
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Sun Z, Gu L, Wu K, Wang K, Ru J, Yang S, Wang Z, Zhuge Q, Huang L, Huang S. VX-765 enhances autophagy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells against stroke-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:952-961. [PMID: 32459063 PMCID: PMC7415204 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the protective effect of VX-765 on human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in stroke and its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse models of ischemic stroke were established using the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) method. The dMCAO mice were accordingly transplanted with HUMSCs, VX-765-treated HUMSCs, or VX-765 + MHY185-treated HUMSCs. The HUMSCs were inserted with green fluorescent protein (GFP) for measurement of transplantation efficiency which was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was applied to mimic ischemic environment in vitro experiments, and the HUMSCs herein were transfected with AMPK inhibitor Compound C or autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. MTT assay was used to test the toxicity of VX-765. TUNEL staining and ELISA were applied to measure the levels of apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), respectively. The expressions of autophagy-associated proteins, AMPK, and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. TTC staining was applied to reveal the infarct lesions in the brain of dMCAO mice. RESULTS The pro-inflammatory cytokines, TUNEL-positive cells, and p-mTOR were decreased while the anti-inflammatory cytokine, autophagy-related proteins, and p-AMPK were increased in HUMSCs treated with VX-765 under OGD condition. Different expression patterns were found with the above factors after transfection of 3-MA or Compound C. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, TUNEL-positive cells, and infarct sections were decreased while the anti-inflammatory cytokine and autophagy-related proteins were increased in dMCAO mice transplanted with VX-765-treated HUMSCs compared to those transplanted with HUMSCs only. The autophagy was inhibited while p-mTOR was up-regulated after transfection of MHY. CONCLUSION VX-765 protects HUMSCs against stroke-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses by activating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezhe Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kankai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junnan Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuyao people's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Tang H, Tan X, Zhu L, Qin K, Gao H, Bai H. Swimming prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by reducing migration inhibitory factor through Akt suppression and autophagy activation. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4315-4325. [PMID: 31396337 PMCID: PMC6684928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is an important contributor to obesity and fat accumulation in tissues. Critical complications of obesity include type II diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Exercise has been reported to exert ameliorating effects on obesity and NAFLD. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We showed the increase of microRNA-451 (miR-451) and decrease of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in liver, after swim training in high fat diet (HFD) mice. MIF expression was regulated by miR-451. HFD intake caused the increase of body weights in WT and MIF knockout (KO) mice. In addition, HFD-induced liver anomalies were associated with Akt activation and autophagy suppression, which were reversed by MIF KO. In hepatocytes from HFD WT and MIF KO mice, autophagy was inhibited by exogenous rmMIF through Akt activation. Meanwhile, miR-451 antagonized the regulation of MIF on Akt signaling and autophagy. Taken together, these results indicate that MIF was decreased in liver of HFD mice due to physical exercise, and might prevent hepatic steatosis by suppressing Akt signaling and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated First Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Huan Gao
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Hao Bai
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116044, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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Li R, Huang Y, Semple I, Kim M, Zhang Z, Lee JH. Cardioprotective roles of sestrin 1 and sestrin 2 against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H39-H48. [PMID: 31026186 PMCID: PMC6692737 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00008.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a chemotherapy medication widely used to treat a variety of cancers. Even though it offers one of the most effective anti-cancer treatments, its clinical use is limited because of its strong cardiotoxicity that can lead to fatal conditions. Here, we show that sestrin 1 and sestrin 2, members of the sestrin family of proteins that are stress-inducible regulators of metabolism, are critical for suppressing doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and coordinating the AMPK-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) autophagy signaling network for cardioprotection. Expression of both sestrin 1 and sestrin 2 was highly increased in the mouse heart after doxorubicin injection. Genetic ablation of sestrin 1 and sestrin 2 rendered mice more vulnerable to doxorubicin and exacerbated doxorubicin-induced cardiac pathologies including cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. These pathologies were associated with strong dysregulation of the cardiac signaling network, including suppression of the AMPK pathway and activation of the mTORC1 pathway. Consistent with AMPK downregulation and mTORC1 upregulation, autophagic activity of heart tissue was diminished, leading to prominent accumulation of autophagy substrate, p62/SQSTM1. Taken together, our results indicate that sestrin 1 and sestrin 2 are important cardioprotective proteins that coordinate metabolic signaling pathways and autophagy to minimize cardiac damage in response to doxorubicin insult. Augmenting this protective mechanism could provide a novel therapeutic rationale for prevention and treatment of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Doxorubicin is a highly efficient chemotherapeutic medicine; however, its use is limited because of its strong cardiotoxicity. Here, we show that sestrin 1 and sestrin 2 are critical protectors of cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin damage. By upregulating AMPK and autophagic activities and suppressing mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and oxidative stress, sestrins counteract detrimental effects of doxorubicin on cardiomyocytes. Correspondingly, loss of sestrin 1 and sestrin 2 produced remarkable dysregulation of these pathways, leading to prominent cardiac cell death and deterioration of heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Ian Semple
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Myungjin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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The Smad3-miR-29b/miR-29c axis mediates the protective effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor against cardiac fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2441-2450. [PMID: 31175931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is known to have antioxidant property, the role of MIF in cardiac fibrosis has not been well understood. We found that MIF was markedly increased in angiotension II (Ang-II)-infused mouse myocardium. Myocardial function was impaired and cardiac fibrosis was aggravated in Mif-knockout (Mif-KO) mice. Functionally, overexpression of MIF and MIF protein could inhibit the expression of fibrosis-associated collagen (Col) 1a1, COL3A1 and α-SMA, and Smad3 activation in mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Consistently, MIF deficiency could exacerbate the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1 and α-SMA, and Smad3 activation in Ang-II-treated CFs. Interestingly, microRNA-29b-3p (miR-29b-3p) and microRNA-29c-3p (miR-29c-3p) were down-regulated in the myocardium of Ang-II-infused Mif-KO mice but upregulated in CFs with MIF overexpression or by treatment with MIF protein. MiR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p could suppress the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1 and α-SMA in CFs through targeting the pro-fibrosis genes of transforming growth factor beta-2 (Tgfb2) and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (Mmp2). We further demonstrated that Mif inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Smad3 activation, and rescued the decrease of miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p in Ang-II-treated CFs. Smad3 inhibitors, SIS3 and Naringenin, and Smad3 siRNA could reverse the decrease of miR-29b-3p and miR-29c-3p in Ang-II-treated CFs. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the Smad3-miR-29b/miR-29c axis mediates the inhibitory effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor on cardiac fibrosis.
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Yang L, Ma J, Tan Y, Zheng Q, Dong M, Guo W, Xiong L, Yang J, Ren J. Cardiac-specific overexpression of metallothionein attenuates L-NAME-induced myocardial contractile anomalies and apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4640-4652. [PMID: 31104354 PMCID: PMC6584723 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension contributes to the high cardiac morbidity and mortality. Although oxidative stress plays an essential role in hypertensive heart diseases, the mechanism remains elusive. Transgenic mice with cardiac overexpression of metallothionein, a heavy metal‐binding scavenger, were challenged with NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) for 14 days prior to measurement of myocardial contractile and intracellular Ca2+ anomalies as well as cell signalling mechanisms using Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. L‐NAME challenge elicited hypertension, macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiac dysfunction manifested as increased proinflammatory macrophage marker F4/80, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), intracellular O2- production, LV end systolic and diastolic diameters as well as depressed fractional shortening. L‐NAME treatment reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), impaired cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties as evidenced by suppressed peak shortening, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening, rise in intracellular Ca2+, along with elevated baseline and peak intracellular Ca2+. These unfavourable mechanical changes and decreased MMP (except blood pressure and macrophage infiltration) were alleviated by overexpression of metallothionein. Furthermore, the apoptosis markers including BAD, Bax, Caspase 9, Caspase 12 and cleaved Caspase 3 were up‐regulated while the anti‐apoptotic marker Bcl‐2 was decreased by L‐NAME treatment. Metallothionein transgene reversed L‐NAME‐induced changes in Bax, Bcl‐2, BAD phosphorylation, Caspase 9, Caspase 12 and cleaved Caspase 3. Our results suggest that metallothionein protects against L‐NAME‐induced myocardial contractile anomalies in part through inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maolong Dong
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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11
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Jankauskas SS, Wong DW, Bucala R, Djudjaj S, Boor P. Evolving complexity of MIF signaling. Cell Signal 2019; 57:76-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Yoon K, Kim N, Park Y, Kim BK, Park JH, Shin CM, Lee DH, Surh YJ. Correlation between macrophage migration inhibitory factor and autophagy in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211736. [PMID: 30742638 PMCID: PMC6370197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and autophagy in gastric cancer is not clear. We determined H. pylori infection status of the subjects and investigated the expression of MIF and autophagy markers (Atg5, LC3A and LC3B) in human gastric tissue at baseline. Then H. pylori eradication was done for H. pylori positive patients and MIF and Atg5 levels were investigated on each follow-up for both H. pylori-eradicated and H. pylori negative patients. Baseline tissue mRNA expression of MIF, Atg5, LC3A and LC3B was measured by real-time PCR in 453 patients (control 165, gastric dysplasia 82, and gastric cancer 206). Three hundred three patients (66.9%) had H. pylori infection at the time of enrollment. Only within H. pylori-positive group, MIF level was significantly elevated in patients with cancer than in control or dysplasia groups (P<0.05). LC3A and LC3B levels also showed significant differences within H. pylori-positive subgroups. H. pylori-positive dysplasia subgroup showed significantly lower (LC3A) (P<0.05) and higher (LC3B) mRNA levels (P<0.05) than in other subgroups. On follow-up, within H. pylori-eradicated group, Atg5 expression increased sequentially from control to dysplasia and cancer subgroups. Multiple linear regression showed autophagy markers (LC3A, LC3B, and Atg5) directly predicted MIF level (adjusted R2 = 0.492, P<0.001). Serial follow-up showed longitudinal increase in Atg5 level in general, with constantly higher levels in H. pylori-eradicated group than in -negative group. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) group initially showed higher Atg5 expression than the IM-negative group. However, it was reversed between the groups eventually because of the lower rate of increase in IM group. These results suggest a role of MIF and autophagy markers and their interaction in H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Youngmi Park
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Novel Mechanistic Roles for Ankyrin-G in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:675-689. [PMID: 30456339 PMCID: PMC6234521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of human heart failure is complex, and the creation of new therapeutic strategies for human heart failure is critical. Identifying the molecular pathways underlying heart failure is important to define potential new therapeutic targets. Ankyrin polypeptides serve to target and stabilize membrane proteins in cardiomyocytes. Ankyrin-G levels are altered in humans and mice with heart failure, and mice lacking ankyrin-G in cardiomyocytes develop cardiomyopathy and systolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, ankyrin-G is necessary for the expression and localization of critical myocyte proteins essential for regulating cardiac structural and electrical activity.
Ankyrin polypeptides are intracellular proteins responsible for targeting cardiac membrane proteins. Here, the authors demonstrate that ankyrin-G plays an unexpected role in normal compensatory physiological remodeling in response to myocardial stress and aging; the authors implicate disruption of ankyrin-G in human heart failure. Mechanistically, the authors illustrate that ankyrin-G serves as a key nodal protein required for cardiac myofilament integration with the intercalated disc. Their data define novel in vivo mechanistic roles for ankyrin-G, implicate ankyrin-G as necessary for compensatory cardiac physiological remodeling under stress, and implicate disruption of ankyrin-G in the development and progression of human heart failure.
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Key Words
- AnkG, ankyrin-G
- DSP, desmoplakin
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- HF, heart failure
- LV, left ventricular
- Nav1.5
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PKP2, plakophilin-2
- TAC, transverse aortic constriction
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling
- WT, wild-type
- ankyrin
- arrhythmia
- cKO, cardiomyocyte-specific knockout
- cytoskeleton
- heart failure
- ion channel
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14
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Zhang Y, Whaley-Connell AT, Sowers JR, Ren J. Autophagy as an emerging target in cardiorenal metabolic disease: From pathophysiology to management. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:1-22. [PMID: 29909238 PMCID: PMC6195437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although advances in medical technology and health care have improved the early diagnosis and management for cardiorenal metabolic disorders, the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease remains high. Findings from numerous population-based studies, clinical trials, and experimental evidence have consolidated a number of theories for the pathogenesis of cardiorenal metabolic anomalies including resistance to the metabolic action of insulin, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative and nitrosative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence has recently suggested a pivotal role for proteotoxicity, the unfavorable effects of poor protein quality control, in the pathophysiology of metabolic dysregulation and related cardiovascular complications. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, two major although distinct cellular clearance machineries, govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of long-lived or damaged proteins and organelles. Ample evidence has depicted an important role for protein quality control, particularly autophagy, in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. To this end, autophagy offers promising targets for novel strategies to prevent and treat cardiorenal metabolic diseases. Targeting autophagy using pharmacological or natural agents exhibits exciting new strategies for the growing problem of cardiorenal metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Adam T Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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15
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Hu Y, Xia W, Hou M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor serves a pivotal role in�the regulation of radiation-induced cardiac senescencethrough rebalancing the microRNA-34a/sirtuin 1 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2849-2858. [PMID: 30226567 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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16
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Wang SS, Cen X, Liang XH, Tang YL. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a potential driver and biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:10650-10661. [PMID: 27788497 PMCID: PMC5354689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine, has been showed to be associated with the immunopathogenesis of many diseases. Recent study demonstrated that MIF promoted tumorigenesis and tumor progression and played a critical role in various kinds of human cancer including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). Hence, in this paper we retrospected the relationship between MIF and angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammation, immune response, hypoxia microenvironment, and discussed whether it is a promising biomarker for diagnosis and supervisor of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Xia W, Hou M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor rescues mesenchymal stem cells from doxorubicin-induced senescence though the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1127-1137. [PMID: 29207187 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOXO), an anthracycline antibiotic, is a commonly used anticancer drug. Despite its widespread usage, the therapeutic effects of DOXO are limited by its cardiotoxicity. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have had positive outcomes in the treatment of DOXO-induced cardiac damage; however, DOXO exerts toxic effects on MSCs, decreasing the effectiveness of MSC therapy. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes MSC survival and rejuvenation, and thus is a promising candidate to protect MSCs against DOXO-induced injury. The present study revealed that DOXO induced the senescence of MSCs, resulting in decreased proliferation, viability and paracrine effects. However, pretreatment with MIF improved the proliferation rate, viability, paracrine function, telomere length and telomerase activity of MSCs. Furthermore, the results indicated that the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-senescent function of MIF involved the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) signaling pathway, which MIF activated. In agreement with this finding, silencing Akt was identified to abolish the anti-senescent effect of MIF. In addition, MIF decreased oxidative stress in MSCs, as revealed by the decreased production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and the increased activity of superoxide dismutase. These results indicate that MIF can rescue MSCs from a state of DOXO-induced senescence by inhibiting oxidative stress and activating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Thus, treatment with MIF may have an important therapeutic application for the rejuvenation of MSCs in patients with cancer being treated with DOXO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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18
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Yuan H, Zhou Y, Lee MS, Zhang Y, Li WJ. A newly identified mechanism involved in regulation of human mesenchymal stem cells by fibrous substrate stiffness. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:247-257. [PMID: 27370906 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stiffness of biomaterial substrates plays a critical role in regulation of cell behavior. Although the effect of substrate stiffness on cell behavior has been extensively studied, molecular mechanisms of regulation rather than those involving cytoskeletal activities still remain elusive. In this study, we fabricated aligned ultrafine fibers and treated the fiber with different annealing temperatures to produce fibrous substrates with different stiffness. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were then cultured on these fibrous substrates. Our results showed that annealing treatment did not change the diameter of electrospun fibers but increased their polymer crystallinity and mechanical properties. The mRNA expression of RUNX2 was upregulated while the mRNA expression of scleraxis was downregulated in response to an increase in substrate stiffness, suggesting that increased stiffness favorably drives hMSCs into the osteogenic lineage. With subsequent induction of osteogenic differentiation, osteogenesis of hMSCs on stiffer substrates was increased compared to that of the cells on control substrates. Cells on stiffer substrates increasingly activated AKT and YAP and upregulated transcript expression of YAP target genes compared to those on control substrates, and inhibition of AKT led to decreased expression of YAP and RUNX2. Furthermore, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was increasingly produced by the cell on stiffer substrates, and knocking down MIF by siRNA resulted in decreased AKT phosphorylation. Taken together, we hereby demonstrate that simply using the annealing approach can manipulate stiffness of an aligned fibrous substrate without altering the material chemistry, and substrate stiffness dictates hMSC differentiation through the MIF-mediated AKT/YAP/RUNX2 pathway. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Stiffness of biomaterial substrates plays a critical role in regulation of cell behavior. Although the effect of substrate stiffness on cell behavior has been extensively studied, molecular mechanisms of regulation rather than those involving cytoskeletal activities still remain elusive. In this manuscript, we report our new findings that simply using the annealing approach can manipulate stiffness of an aligned fibrous substrate without altering the material chemistry, and substrate stiffness dictates human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation through the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-mediated AKT/YAP/RUNX2 pathway. The findings are novel and interesting because we have identified a new mechanism rather than those involving cytoskeleton activity, by which substrate stiffness regulates hMSC behavior.
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19
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Li QQ, Zhang L, Wan HY, Liu M, Li X, Tang H. CREB1-driven expression of miR-320a promotes mitophagy by down-regulating VDAC1 expression during serum starvation in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34924-40. [PMID: 26472185 PMCID: PMC4741499 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The altered expression of miRNAs in response to stresses contributes to cancer pathogenesis. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which cellular stresses drive alterations in miRNA expression. Here, we found that serum starvation enhanced mitophagy by downregulating the mitophagy-associated protein voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) and by inducing the expression of miR-320a and the transcription factor cAMP responsive element binding protein 1(CREB1). Furthermore, we cloned the promoter of miR-320a and identified the core promoter of miR-320a in the upstream -16 to -130 region of pre-miR-320a. Moreover, CREB1 was found to bind to the promoter of miR-320a to activate its expression and to induce mitophagy during serum starvation. Collectively, our results reveal a new mechanism underlying serum starvation-induced mitophagy in which serum starvation induces CREB1 expression, in turn activating miR-320a expression, which then down-regulates VDAC1 expression to facilitate mitophagy. These findings may provide new insights into cancer cell survival in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Qin Li
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Ying Wan
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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20
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Yang Y, Zhao C, Yang P, Wang X, Wang L, Chen A. Autophagy in cardiac metabolic control: Novel mechanisms for cardiovascular disorders. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:944-54. [PMID: 27191043 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As an extensively studied quality control system, autophagy is responsible for clearance of dysfunctional organelles and damaged marcomolecules in cells. In addition to its biological recycling function, autophagy plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndromes such as obesity and diabetes. In particular, metabolic disorders contribute to cardiovascular disease development. As energy required to maintain cardiac cells functional is immense, disturbances in the balance between anabolic and catabolic metabolism possibly contribute to cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, an urgent need to expand our knowledge on the role of autophagy on the metabolic regulation of hearts emerges. In this review, the potential relationship between autophagic activity and cardiac metabolism is explored and we also discuss how dysregulated autophagy leads to severe cardiac disorders from the perspective of metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Pingzhen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Lizi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, China
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21
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Lee JPW, Foote A, Fan H, Peral de Castro C, Lang T, Jones SA, Gavrilescu N, Mills KHG, Leech M, Morand EF, Harris J. Loss of autophagy enhances MIF/macrophage migration inhibitory factor release by macrophages. Autophagy 2016; 12:907-16. [PMID: 27163877 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1164358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor [glycosylation-inhibiting factor]) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed in multiple cells types, including macrophages. MIF plays a pathogenic role in a number of inflammatory diseases and has been linked to tumor progression in some cancers. Previous work has demonstrated that loss of autophagy in macrophages enhances secretion of IL1 family cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that loss of autophagy, by pharmacological inhibition or siRNA silencing of Atg5, enhances MIF secretion by monocytes and macrophages. We further demonstrate that this is dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Induction of autophagy with MTOR inhibitors had no effect on MIF secretion, but amino acid starvation increased secretion. This was unaffected by Atg5 siRNA but was again dependent on mitochondrial ROS. Our data demonstrate that autophagic regulation of mitochondrial ROS plays a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophages, with potential implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta P W Lee
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Andrew Foote
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Huapeng Fan
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Celia Peral de Castro
- b Immune Regulation Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Tali Lang
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sarah A Jones
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Nichita Gavrilescu
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- b Immune Regulation Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Michelle Leech
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
| | - James Harris
- a Lupus Research Group, Center for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
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22
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Deficiency Exacerbates Aging-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction Despite Improved Inflammation: Role of Autophagy Regulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22488. [PMID: 26940544 PMCID: PMC4778027 DOI: 10.1038/srep22488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to unfavorable geometric and functional sequelae in the heart. The proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a role in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis under stress conditions although its impact in cardiac aging remains elusive. This study was designed to evaluate the role of MIF in aging-induced cardiac anomalies and the underlying mechanism involved. Cardiac geometry, contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties were examined in young (3–4 mo) or old (24 mo) wild type and MIF knockout (MIF−/−) mice. Our data revealed that MIF knockout exacerbated aging-induced unfavorable structural and functional changes in the heart. The detrimental effect of MIF knockout was associated with accentuated loss in cardiac autophagy with aging. Aging promoted cardiac inflammation, the effect was attenuated by MIF knockout. Intriguingly, aging-induced unfavorable responses were reversed by treatment with the autophagy inducer rapamycin, with improved myocardial ATP availability in aged WT and MIF−/− mice. Using an in vitro model of senescence, MIF knockdown exacerbated doxorubicin-induced premature senescence in H9C2 myoblasts, the effect was ablated by MIF replenishment. Our data indicated that MIF knockout exacerbates aging-induced cardiac remodeling and functional anomalies despite improved inflammation, probably through attenuating loss of autophagy and ATP availability in the heart.
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Xia W, Hou M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces autophagy to resist hypoxia/serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2619-26. [PMID: 26847932 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an anti‑apoptotic agent in various cell types and protects the heart from stress‑induced injury by modulating autophagy. Autophagy, a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, helps to preserve and recycle energy and nutrients for cells to survive during starvation. The present study hypothesized that MIF protects bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from apoptosis by modulating autophagy via the AMP‑activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) signaling pathway. MSCs were obtained from rat bone marrow and cultured. Apoptosis was induced by hypoxia/serum deprivation for 24 h and was assessed using flow cytometry. MIF protected MSCs from apoptosis by modulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway resulting in increased expression of autophagy‑associated proteins (including LC3BI/LC3BII, Beclin‑1 and autophagy protein 5), and by increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decreased phosphorylation of mTOR. The MIF anti‑apoptotic effects were blocked by autophagy inhibitor, 3‑methyladenine or AMPK inhibitor, Compound C. These results indicate that MIF exerts a permissive role in protecting MSCs from apoptosis by regulation of autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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Liang Y, Yuan W, Zhu W, Zhu J, Lin Q, Zou X, Deng C, Fu Y, Zheng X, Yang M, Wu S, Yu X, Shan Z. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter through MEF2 and Zac1 in cardiomyocytes. Metabolism 2015; 64:1682-93. [PMID: 26455966 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence shows that both macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and GLUT4 glucose transporter are involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but it remains largely unknown whether and how MIF regulates GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. The present study aims to investigate the mechanism underlying the modulation of GLUT4 by MIF in cardiomyocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Activations of AKT and AMPK signaling, and expressions of MIF, GLUT4 and the candidate GLUT4 regulation associated transcription factors in the diabetic mouse myocardium were determined. The screened transcription factors mediating MIF-promoted GLUT4 expression were verified by RNA interference (RNAi) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. RESULTS MIF was increased, but GLUT4 was decreased in the diabetic mouse myocardium. MIF could enhance glucose uptake and up-regulate GLUT4 expression in NMVCs. Expressions of transcription factor MEF2A, -2C, -2D and Zac1 were significantly up-regulated in MIF-treated neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes (NMVCs), and markedly reduced in the diabetic myocardium. Knockdown of MEF2A, -2C, -2D and Zac1 could significantly inhibit glucose uptake and GLUT4 expression in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, EMSA results revealed that transcriptional activities of MEF2 and Zac1 were significantly increased in MIF-treated NMVCs. AMPK signaling was activated in MIF-stimulated NMVCs, and AMPK activator AICAR could enhance MEF2A, -2C, -2D, Zac1 and GLUT4 expression. Additionally, MIF effects were inhibited by an AMPK inhibitor compound C and siRNA targeting MIF receptor CD74, suggesting the involvement of CD74-dependent AMPK activation. CONCLUSIONS Transcription factor MEF2 and Zac1 mediate MIF-induced GLUT4 expression through CD74-dependent AMPK activation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyou Liang
- Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Weiwei Yuan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wensi Zhu
- Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiening Zhu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiuxiong Lin
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Zou
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunyu Deng
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongheng Fu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xilong Zheng
- The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of AB, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Min Yang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shulin Wu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Lang T, Foote A, Lee JPW, Morand EF, Harris J. MIF: Implications in the Pathoetiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2015; 6:577. [PMID: 26617609 PMCID: PMC4641160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration Inhibitory factor (MIF) was one of the earliest pro-inflammatory cytokines to be identified. Increasing interest in this cytokine in recent decades has followed the cloning of human MIF and the generation of Mif−/− mice. Deepening understanding of signaling pathways utilized by MIF and putative receptor mechanisms have followed. MIF is distinct from all other cytokines by virtue of its unique induction by and counter regulation of glucocorticoids (GCs). MIF is further differentiated from other cytokines by its structural homology to specific tautomerase and isomerase enzymes and correlative in vitro enzymatic functions. The role of MIF in immune and inflammatory states, including a range of human autoimmune diseases, is now well established, as are the relationships between MIF polymorphisms and a number of inflammatory diseases. Here, we review the known pleiotropic activities of MIF, in addition to novel functions of MIF in processes including autophagy and autophagic cell death. In addition, recent developments in the understanding of the role of MIF in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are reviewed. Finally, we discuss the potential application of anti-MIF strategies to treat human diseases such as SLE, which will require a comprehensive understanding of the unique and complex activities of this ubiquitously expressed cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Lang
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Andrew Foote
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Jacinta P W Lee
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Eric F Morand
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - James Harris
- Lupus Research Group, Monash Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre , Clayton, VIC , Australia
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Wang B, Zhong S, Zheng F, Zhang Y, Gao F, Chen Y, Lu B, Xu H, Shi G. N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting autophagy. Oncotarget 2015; 6:24709-21. [PMID: 26359352 PMCID: PMC4694790 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-n-butyl haloperidol iodide (F2), a novel compound derived from haloperidol, protects against the damaging effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we hypothesized the myocardial protection of F2 on cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury is mediated by inhibiting autophagy in H9c2 cells. The degree of autophagy by treatment with F2 exposed to H/R in H9c2 cell was characterized by monodansylcadaverine, transmission electron microscopy, and expression of autophagy marker protein LC3. Our results indicated that treatment with F2 inhibited autophagy in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R. 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, suppressed H/R-induced autophagy, and decreased apoptosis, whereas rapamycin, a classical autophagy sensitizer, increased autophagy and apoptosis. Mechanistically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was inhibited by F2 treatment after H/R. Accordingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated MIF knockdown decreased H/R-induced autophagy. In summary, F2 protects cardiomyocytes during H/R injury through suppressing autophagy activation. Our results provide a new mechanistic insight into a functional role of F2 against H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fuchun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Fenfei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Binger Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong, China
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Ishibashi D, Homma T, Nakagaki T, Fuse T, Sano K, Takatsuki H, Atarashi R, Nishida N. Strain-Dependent Effect of Macroautophagy on Abnormally Folded Prion Protein Degradation in Infected Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137958. [PMID: 26368533 PMCID: PMC4569470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the accumulation of abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) in the central nervous system. With the aim of elucidating the mechanism underlying the accumulation and degradation of PrPSc, we investigated the role of autophagy in its degradation, using cultured cells stably infected with distinct prion strains. The effects of pharmacological compounds that inhibit or stimulate the cellular signal transduction pathways that mediate autophagy during PrPSc degradation were evaluated. The accumulation of PrPSc in cells persistently infected with the prion strain Fukuoka-1 (FK), derived from a patient with Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome, was significantly increased in cultures treated with the macroautophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) but substantially reduced in those treated with the macroautophagy inducer rapamycin. The decrease in FK-derived PrPSc levels was mediated, at least in part, by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/MEK signalling pathway. By contrast, neither rapamycin nor 3MA had any apparently effect on PrPSc from either the 22L or the Chandler strain, indicating that the degradation of PrPSc in host cells might be strain-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ishibashi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakagaki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fuse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hanae Takatsuki
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Atarashi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Cardiac-specific overexpression of metallothionein attenuates myocardial remodeling and contractile dysfunction in l-NAME-induced experimental hypertension: Role of autophagy regulation. Toxicol Lett 2015; 237:121-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xia W, Zhang F, Xie C, Jiang M, Hou M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor confers resistance to senescence through CD74-dependent AMPK-FOXO3a signaling in mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:82. [PMID: 25896286 PMCID: PMC4453287 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies have had positive outcomes in animal models of cardiovascular diseases. However, the number and function of MSCs decline with age, reducing their ability to contribute to endogenous injury repair. The potential of stem cells to restore damaged tissue in older individuals can be improved by specific pretreatment aimed at delaying senescence and improving their regenerative properties. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that modulates age-related signaling pathways, and hence is a good candidate for rejuvenative function. Methods Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were isolated from young (6-month-old) or aged (24-month-old) male donor rats. Cell proliferation was measured using the CCK8 cell proliferation assay; secretion of VEGF, bFGF, HGF, and IGF was assessed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Apoptosis was induced by hypoxia and serum deprivation (hypoxia/SD) for up to 6 hr, and examined by flow cytometry. Expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a) were detected by Western blotting. CD74 expression was assayed using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Results In this study, we found that MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of aged rats displayed reduced proliferative capacity, impaired ability to mediate paracrine signaling, and lower resistance to hypoxia/serum deprivation-induced apoptosis, when compared to younger MSCs. Interestingly, pretreatment of aged MSCs with MIF enhanced their growth, paracrine function and survival. We detected enhanced secretion of VEGF, bFGF, HGF, and IGF from MIF-treated MSCs using ELISA. Finally, we show that hypoxia/serum deprivation-induced apoptosis is inhibited in aged MSCs following MIF exposure. Next, we found that the mechanism underlying the rejuvenating function of MIF involves increased CD74-dependent phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3a. Furthermore, this effect was abolished when CD74, AMPK, or FOXO3a expression was silenced using small-interfering RNAs(siRNA). Conclusions MIF can rejuvenate MSCs from a state of age-induced senescence by interacting with CD74 and subsequently activating AMPK-FOXO3a signaling pathways. Pretreatment of MSCs with MIF may have important therapeutic implications in restoration or rejuvenation of endogenous bone marrow-MSCs in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China. .,Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China.
| | - Congying Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.
| | - Miaomiao Jiang
- Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China. .,Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, PR China.
| | - Meng Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China.
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Pathogenic roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor during dengue virus infection. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:547094. [PMID: 25821355 PMCID: PMC4363636 DOI: 10.1155/2015/547094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is the most common cause of viral hemorrhagic fever, which can lead to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). Hemorrhage and plasma leakage are two major hallmarks of DHF/DSS. Because the mechanisms causing these pathogenic changes are unclear, there is no effective therapy against DHF/DSS. In this review, we focus on the possible pathogenic effects of a pleiotropic cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), on the pathogenesis of DENV infection. MIF is a critical mediator of the host immune response and inflammation, and there is a correlation between the serum levels of MIF and disease severity in dengue patients. Furthermore, MIF knock-out mice exhibit less severe clinical disease and lethality. However, the role of MIF in the pathogenesis of DHF/DSS is not limited to immune cell recruitment. Recent evidence indicates that DENV infection induced MIF production and may contribute to vascular hyperpermeability and viral replication during DENV infection. The expression of both adhesion and coagulation molecules on MIF-stimulated monocytes and endothelial cells is also increased, which may contribute to inflammatory and anticoagulatory states during DHF/DSS. Therefore, blocking MIF production or its function may provide a solution for the treatment and prevention of DHF/DSS.
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Xia W, Xie C, Jiang M, Hou M. Improved survival of mesenchymal stem cells by macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 404:11-24. [PMID: 25701358 PMCID: PMC4544672 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a critical inflammatory cytokine that was recently associated with progenitor cell survival and potently inhibits apoptosis. We examined the protective effect of MIF on hypoxia/serum deprivation (SD)-induced apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as the possible mechanisms. MSCs were obtained from rat bone marrow and cultured in vitro. Apoptosis was induced by culturing MSCs under hypoxia/SD conditions for up to 24 h and assessed by flow cytometry. Expression levels of c-Met, Akt, and FOXO3a were detected by Western blotting. CD74 expression was detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Oxidative stress under hypoxia/SD was examined by detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Hypoxia/SD-induced apoptosis was significantly attenuated by recombinant rat MIF in a concentration-dependent manner. MIF induced CD74-asssociated c-Met activation, which was blocked by knocking down CD74 expression using siRNA. MIF also induced Akt and associated FOXO3a phosphorylation, and this effect was abolished by knocking down either CD74 or Akt. In addition, MIF decreased oxidative stress in MSCs, as shown by decreased ROS and MDA, and increased the activity of SOD. Knockdown of CD74, Akt, or FOXO3a largely attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of MIF and its ability to protect against oxidative stress. MIF protected MSCs from hypoxia/SD-induced apoptosis by interacting with CD74 to stimulate c-Met, leading to downstream PI3K/Akt-FOXO3a signaling and decreased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Abstract
The prevalence of heart disease, especially heart failure, continues to increase, and cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. As cardiomyocytes are essentially irreplaceable, protein quality control is pivotal to cellular homeostasis and, ultimately, cardiac performance. Three evolutionarily conserved mechanisms-autophagy, the unfolded protein response, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system-act in concert to degrade misfolded proteins and eliminate defective organelles. Recent advances have revealed that these mechanisms are intimately associated with cellular metabolism. Going forward, comprehensive understanding of the role of protein quality control mechanisms in cardiac pathology will require integration of metabolic pathways and metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao V Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA.
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Chen F, Sun ZW, Ye LF, Fu GS, Mou Y, Hu SJ. Lycopene protects against apoptosis in hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced H9C2 myocardioblast cells through increased autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1358-65. [PMID: 25351505 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene (Ly), the most common type of antioxidant in the majority of diet types, provides tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanism of the protective effects observed following Ly administration remains poorly investigated. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether Ly prevents damage to hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR)‑induced H9C2 myocardioblasts in an autophagy‑dependent manner. The levels of autophagic markers were detected using western blotting, the level of apoptosis was detected using western blotting and flow cytometry. The activation of autophagy was impaired via knockdown of the expression of 'microtubule‑associated protein 1‑light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B)' and 'Beclin 1'. After 16 h hypoxia, followed by 2 h reoxygenation, the expression levels of the microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3 (LC3) and Βeclin 1 autophagic biomarkers, and cell viability were reduced, whereas the percentage of apoptotic cells, and the expression levels of the Bax/B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and active caspase‑3 apoptotic biomarkers were increased. Pre‑incubation of the cells with different Ly concentrations reversed the HR‑induced inhibition of autophagy and cell viability, and the HR‑induced elevation in apoptotic levels. The induction of autophagy was accompanied by reduced apoptosis, and decreased expression levels of Bax/Bcl‑2 and active caspase‑3. In addition, the impairment of autophagy by silencing the expression of MAP1LC3B and Beclin 1 accelerated HR‑induced H9C2 cell apoptosis and the Ly‑mediated protective effects disappeared. Furthermore, Bax/Bcl‑2 and active caspase‑3 expression levels were increased. Moreover, Ly‑induced autophagy was associated with increased adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Suppressed AMPK phosphorylation using compound C terminates Ly‑mediated cytoprotective effects. Ly treatment improves cell viability and reduces apoptosis as a result of the activation of the adaptive autophagic response on HR‑induced H9C2 myocardioblasts. AMPK phosphorylation may be involved in the progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Institution of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Wei Sun
- Institution of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Fang Ye
- Institution of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yun Mou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shen-Jiang Hu
- Institution of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) knockout preserves cardiac homeostasis through alleviating Akt-mediated myocardial autophagy suppression in high-fat diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:387-96. [PMID: 25248618 PMCID: PMC4355049 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a role in the development of obesity and diabetes. However, whether MIF plays a role in fat diet-induced obesity and associated cardiac anomalies still remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of MIF knockout on high fat diet-induced obesity, obesity-associated cardiac anomalies and the underlying mechanisms involved with a focus on Akt-mediated autophagy. Methods Adult male wild-type (WT) and MIF knockout (MIF−/−) mice were placed on 45% high fat diet for 5 months. Oxygen consumption, CO2 production, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), locomotor activity, and heat generation were measured using energy calorimeter. Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ properties were assessed. Apoptosis was examined using TUNEL staining and western blot analysis. Akt signaling pathway and autophagy markers were evaluated. Cardiomyocytes isolated from WT and MIF−/− mice were treated with recombinant mouse MIF (rmMIF). Results High fat diet feeding elicited increased body weight gain, insulin resistance, and caloric disturbance in WT and MIF−/− mice. High fat diet induced unfavorable geometric, contractile and histological changes in the heart, the effects of which were alleviated by MIF knockout. In addition, fat diet-induced cardiac anomalies were associated with Akt activation and autophagy suppression, which were nullified by MIF deficiency. In cardiomyocytes from WT mice, autophagy was inhibited by exogenous rmMIF through Akt activation. In addition, MIF knockout rescued palmitic acid-induced suppression of cardiomyocyte autophagy, the effect of which was nullified by rmMIF. Conclusions These results indicate that MIF knockout preserved obesity-associated cardiac anomalies without affecting fat diet-induced obesity, probably through restoring myocardial autophagy in an Akt-dependent manner. Our findings provide new insights for the role of MIF in obesity and associated cardiac anomalies.
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Roe ND, Xu X, Kandadi MR, Hu N, Pang J, Weiser-Evans MCM, Ren J. Targeted deletion of PTEN in cardiomyocytes renders cardiac contractile dysfunction through interruption of Pink1-AMPK signaling and autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:290-8. [PMID: 25229693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted from chromosome 10 has been implicated in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis although the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. We generated a murine model of cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of PTEN to evaluate cardiac geometry and contractile function, as well as the effect of metformin on PTEN deficiency-induced cardiac anomalies, if any. Cardiac histology, autophagy and related signaling molecules were evaluated. Cardiomyocyte-specific PTEN deletion elicited cardiac hypertrophy and contractile anomalies (echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction) associated with compromised intracellular Ca(2+) handling. PTEN deletion-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile anomalies were associated with dampened phosphorylation of PTEN-inducible kinase 1 (Pink1) and AMPK. Interestingly, administration of AMPK activator metformin (200mg/kg/d, in drinking H2O for 4weeks) rescued against PTEN deletion-induced geometric and functional defects as well as interrupted autophagy and autophagic flux in the heart. Moreover, metformin administration partially although significantly attenuated PTEN deletion-induced accumulation of superoxide. RNA interference against Pink1 in H9C2 myoblasts overtly increased intracellular ATP levels and suppressed AMPK phosphorylation, confirming the role of AMPK as a downstream target for PTEN-Pink1. Further scrutiny revealed that activation of AMPK and autophagy using metformin and rapamycin, respectively, rescued against PTEN deletion-induced mechanical anomalies with little additive effect. These data demonstrated that cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of PTEN leads to the loss of Pink1-AMPK signaling, development of cardiac hypertrophy and contractile defect. Activation of AMPK rescued against PTEN deletion-induced cardiac anomalies associated with restoration of autophagy and autophagic flux. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Roe
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Xihui Xu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Machender R Kandadi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jiaojiao Pang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80262, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Jia G, Sowers JR. Autophagy: a housekeeper in cardiorenal metabolic health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:219-24. [PMID: 24984281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, literally translated means self-eating, is a primary degradative pathway and plays an important role in the regulation of cellular homeostasis through elimination of aggregated proteins, damaged organelles, and intracellular pathogens. Autophagy has been classified into microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy, depending on the choice of the pathway by which the cellular material is delivered to lysosomes. Dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to the development of cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS), including insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, maladaptive immune modulation, and associated cardiac and renal disease. Clarifying the pathways and mechanisms of autophagy under normal conditions is essential to understanding its dysregulation in the development of CRS. Here, we highlight a recent surge in autophagy research, such as the cellular quality control through the disposal and recycling of cellular components, and summarize our contemporary understanding of molecular mechanisms of autophagy in diverse organ or tissues involved in the pathogenesis of CRS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Metabolism, Diabetes Cardiovascular Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Tian Z, Wang C, Hu C, Tian Y, Liu J, Wang X. Autophagic-lysosomal inhibition compromises ubiquitin-proteasome system performance in a p62 dependent manner in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100715. [PMID: 24959866 PMCID: PMC4069113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein degradation is primarily performed by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagic-lysosomal pathway (ALP). The interplay between these two pathways has been rarely examined in intact animals and the mechanism underlying the interplay remains unclear. Hence, we sought to test in vivo and in vitro the impact of inhibition of the ALP on UPS proteolytic performance in cardiomyocytes and to explore the underlying mechanism. Transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing a surrogate UPS substrate (GFPdgn) were treated with bafilomycin-A1 (BFA) to inhibit the ALP. Myocardial and renal GFPdgn protein levels but not mRNA levels were increased at 24 hours but not 3 hours after the first injection of BFA. Myocardial protein abundance of key proteasome subunits and the activities of proteasomal peptidases were not discernibly altered by the treatment. In cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), the surrogate UPS substrate GFPu and a control red fluorescence protein (RFP) were co-expressed to probe UPS performance. At 12 hours or 24 hours after ALP inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or BFA, GFPu/RFP protein ratios and the protein half-life of GFPu were significantly increased, which is accompanied by increases in p62 proteins. Similar findings were obtained when ALP was inhibited genetically via silencing Atg7 or Rab7. ALP inhibition-induced increases in GFPu and p62 are co-localized in NRVMs. siRNA-mediated p62 knockdown prevented ALP inhibition from inducing GFPu accumulation in NRVMs. We conclude that in a p62-dependent fashion, ALP inhibition impairs cardiac UPS proteolytic performance in cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwen Tian
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Changhua Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Yihao Tian
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Protein Modification and Degradation Laboratory, Departments of Pathophysiology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mei Y, Thompson MD, Cohen RA, Tong X. Autophagy and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:243-51. [PMID: 24834848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation process by which intracellular components, including soluble macromolecules (e.g. nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and dysfunctional organelles (e.g. mitochondria, ribosomes, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum) are degraded by the lysosome. Autophagy is orchestrated by the autophagy related protein (Atg) composed protein complexes to form autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes to generate autolysosomes where the contents are degraded to provide energy for cell survival in response to environmental and cellular stress. Autophagy is an important player in cardiovascular disease development such as atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion, cardiomyopathy, heart failure and hypertension. Autophagy in particular contributes to cardiac ischemia, hypertension and diabetes by interaction with reactive oxygen species generated in endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. This review highlights the dual role of autophagy in cardiovascular disease development. Full recognition of autophagy as an adaptive or maladaptive response would provide potential new strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention and management. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Melissa D Thompson
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Richard A Cohen
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - XiaoYong Tong
- Vascular Biology Section, Department of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Ren SY, Xu X. Role of autophagy in metabolic syndrome-associated heart disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:225-31. [PMID: 24810277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of multiple metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Over the past decades, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased dramatically, imposing a devastating, pandemic health threat. More importantly, individuals with metabolic syndrome are at an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and overall cardiovascular diseases. One of the common comorbidities of metabolic syndrome is heart anomalies leading to the loss of cardiomyocytes, cardiac dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. Up-to-date, a plethora of cell signaling pathways have been postulated for the pathogenesis of cardiac complications in obesity including lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and sympathetic overactivation although the precise mechanism of action underscoring obesity-associated heart dysfunction remains elusive. Recent evidence has indicated a potential role of protein quality control in components of metabolic syndrome. Within the protein quality control system, the autophagy-lysosome pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway responsible for bulk degradation of large intracellular organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy has been demonstrated to play an indispensible role in the maintenance of cardiac geometry and function under both physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the etiology of cardiac anomalies under obesity and metabolic syndrome. In this minireview, we will discuss on how autophagy is involved in the regulation of cardiac function in obesity and metabolic syndrome. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Y Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Xihui Xu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Pei Z, Zhuang Z, Sang H, Wu Z, Meng R, He EY, Scott GI, Maris JR, Li R, Ren J. α,β-Unsaturated aldehyde crotonaldehyde triggers cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction: role of TRPV1 and mitochondrial function. Pharmacol Res 2014; 82:40-50. [PMID: 24705155 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested that cigarette smoking is associated with an increased prevalence of heart diseases. Given that cigarette smoking triggers proinflammatory response via stimulation of the capsaicin-sensitive transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV1, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of an essential α,β-unsaturated aldehyde from cigarette smoke crotonaldehyde on myocardial function and the underlying mechanism with a focus on TRPV1 and mitochondria. Cardiomyocyte mechanical and intracellular Ca2+ properties were evaluated including peak shortening (PS), maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (±dL/dt), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90), fura-2 fluorescence intensity (FFI), intracellular Ca2+ decay and SERCA activity. Apoptosis and TRPV1 were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage were measured using the intracellular fluoroprobe 5-(6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), respectively. Our data revealed that crotonaldehyde interrupted cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca2+ property including depressed PS, ±dL/dt, ΔFFI and SERCA activity, as well as prolonged TR90 and intracellular Ca2+ decay. Crotonaldehyde exposure increased TRPV1 and NADPH oxidase levels, promoted apoptosis, mitochondrial injury (decreased aconitase activity, PGC-1α and UCP-2) as well as production of ROS and 8-OHdG. Interestingly, crotonaldehyde-induced cardiac defect was obliterated by the ROS scavenger glutathione and the TRPV1 inhibitor capsazepine. Capsazepine (not glutathione) ablated crotonaldehyde-induced mitochondrial damage. Capsazepine, glutathione and the NADPH inhibitor apocynin negated crotonaldehyde-induced ROS accumulation. Our data suggest a role of crotonaldehyde compromises cardiomyocyte mechanical function possibly through a TRPV1- and mitochondria-dependent oxidative stress mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Pei
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hanfei Sang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, China
| | - Zhenbiao Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Rongsen Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Emily Y He
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China; University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Glenda I Scott
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jackie R Maris
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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Heavy metal scavenger metallothionein attenuates ER stress-induced myocardial contractile anomalies: role of autophagy. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:333-41. [PMID: 24440343 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study was designed to examine the impact of cardiac over-expression of metallothionein, a cysteine-rich heavy metal scavenger, on ER stress-induced changes in myocardial function and underlying mechanism involved with a focus on autophagy. Wild-type friendly virus B (FVB) and metallothionein transgenic mice were subjected to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin (1 mg/kg). Our results showed that ER stress led to compromised echocardiographic and cardiomyocyte contractile function, intracellular Ca(2+) mishandling. Tunicamycin promoted ER stress and oxidative stress, increased left ventricular end systolic and diastolic diameter, as well as suppressed fractional shortening and whole heart contractility, the effects of which were significantly attenuated or ablated by metallothionein. Levels of the autophagy markers such as phosphorylated ULK1, Atg5, Atg7, LC3B and the autophagy adaptor p62 were significantly upregulated. These ER stress-induced changes in myocardial function, autophagy and autophagy signaling were distinctly mitigated or alleviated by metallothionein. Inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine in vitro reversed ER stress-induced cardiomyocyte contractile defects. Meanwhile, ER stress-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction was attenuated by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Collectively, these findings suggested that metallothionein protects against ER stress-induced cardiac anomalies possibly through attenuation of cardiac autophagy.
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Abstract
Background Recent evidence has depicted a role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in cardiac homeostasis under pathological conditions. This study was designed to evaluate the role of MIF in doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy and the underlying mechanism involved with a focus on autophagy. Methods and Results Wild‐type (WT) and MIF knockout (MIF−/−) mice were given saline or doxorubicin (20 mg/kg cumulative, i.p.). A cohort of WT and MIF−/− mice was given rapamycin (6 mg/kg, i.p.) with or without bafilomycin A1 (BafA1, 3 μmol/kg per day, i.p.) for 1 week prior to doxorubicin challenge. To consolidate a role for MIF in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis following doxorubicin challenge, recombinant mouse MIF (rmMIF) was given to MIF−/− mice challenged with or without doxorubicin. Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte function, and intracellular Ca2+ handling were evaluated. Autophagy and apoptosis were examined. Mitochondrial morphology and function were examined using transmission electron microscopy, JC‐1 staining, MitoSOX Red fluorescence, and mitochondrial respiration complex assay. DHE staining was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. MIF knockout exacerbated doxorubicin‐induced mortality and cardiomyopathy (compromised fractional shortening, cardiomyocyte and mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and ROS generation). These detrimental effects of doxorubicin were accompanied by defective autophagolysosome formation, the effect of which was exacerbated by MIF knockout. Rapamycin pretreatment rescued doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy in WT and MIF−/− mice. Blocking autophagolysosome formation using BafA1 negated the cardioprotective effect of rapamycin and rmMIF. Conclusions Our data suggest that MIF serves as an indispensable cardioprotective factor against doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy with an underlying mechanism through facilitating autophagolysosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Xu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Laramie, WY
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Preventive Effect of Total Flavones of Choerospondias axillaries on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Infarction-Related MAPK Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2013; 14:145-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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