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Wang H, Wang L, Liu Y, Men W, Hao W, Fang C, Li C, Zhang L. Plasma levels of CD36 and glutathione as biomarkers for ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220757. [PMID: 38196515 PMCID: PMC10775171 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence has proved that intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation and rupture might be closely related to inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Our objective was to evaluate the potential of CD36 and glutathione (GSH) as biomarkers for IA. In this study, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the plasma levels of CD36 and GSH in 30 IA patients and 30 healthy controls. Then, correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and logistic regression analysis were performed. The results showed that the plasma level of CD36 in IA patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.0001), and plasma GSH was significantly lower compared with that in the control group (P < 0.0001). ROC analysis showed that CD36 and GSH had high sensitivity (90.0 and 96.6%) and specificity (96.6 and 86.6%) for IA diagnosis. The combined sensitivity and specificity achieved were 100 and 100%, respectively. The plasma levels of CD36 and GSH did not show a significant correlation with age, the Glasgow Coma Scale, Hunter-Hess score, aneurysm size, aneurysm height, aneurysm neck, and aspect ratio. The AUC of the logistic regression model based on CD36 and GSH was 0.505. Our results suggested that the combination of plasma CD36 and GSH could serve as potential biomarkers for IA rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Neurological Function Examination, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yunmei Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weidong Men
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wanjiao Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma in Hebei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma in Hebei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China
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Hussein M, Ali M, Abdelghaffar M, Yassien A, Gomaa R, Assad R, Magdy R. Frequency, characteristics, and predictors of headache attributed to acute ischemic stroke. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:1000-1007. [PMID: 37541931 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although headache is a common symptom in acute ischemic stroke, the clinical and radiological factors associated with its occurrence are controversial. This work aimed to determine the frequency, characteristics, and predictors of headache occurrence among patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 patients with acute ischemic stroke. The patients were submitted to detailed history taking, clinical and radiological assessment. A detailed analysis of headache was performed for the patients who experienced headache temporally related to stroke onset. RESULTS Diagnosis of headache attributed to the ischemic stroke was established in 129 (42.6%) patients; sentinel headache in 17.2% of patients, and headache at stroke onset in 25.4% of patients. The headache group had a significantly younger age (P=0.017), lower NIHSS score (P=0.042), higher frequency of pre-existing headache disorders (P=0.001), substance use disorder (P=0.021), and fever (P=0.036), and lower frequency of chronic hypertension (P=0.013) and small vessel disease (P=0.004) than non-headache group. Infarction involving posterior circulation was more frequent in headache than in non-headache groups (P=0.003). The presence of migraine, tension-type headache, other types of headache, fever and posterior circulation stroke increased the odds of headache by 27.4 (95%CI=8.0-94.4), 7.6 (95%CI=3.93-14.6), 26.2 (95%CI=8.0-85.8), 3.75 (95%CI=1.22-11.6) and 3.15 (95%CI=1.65-6.0) times, respectively, whereas, the presence of small vessel disease decreased the odds of headache by 0.51 (95%CI=0.279-0.95) times. CONCLUSION Pre-existing headache disorder, fever, and posterior circulation stroke were associated with headache occurrence in acute ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hussein
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - M Ali
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - M Abdelghaffar
- Department of Neurology, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - A Yassien
- Department of Critical care medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - R Gomaa
- Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef. Egypt.
| | - R Assad
- Department of Radiology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - R Magdy
- Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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You Q, Shao X, Wang J, Chen X. Progress on Physical Field-Regulated Micro/Nanomotors for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300426. [PMID: 37391275 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) are two major vasculature-related diseases that seriously affect public health worldwide, which can cause serious death and disability. Lack of targeting effect of the traditional CCVD treatment drugs may damage other tissues and organs, thus more specific methods are needed to solve this dilemma. Micro/nanomotors are new materials that can convert external energy into driving force for autonomous movement, which can not only enhance the penetration depth and retention rates, but also increase the contact areas with the lesion sites (such as thrombus and inflammation sites of blood vessels). Physical field-regulated micro/nanomotors using the physical energy sources with deep tissue penetration and controllable performance, such as magnetic field, light, and ultrasound, etc. are considered as the emerging patient-friendly and effective therapeutic tools to overcome the limitations of conventional CCVD treatments. Recent efforts have suggested that physical field-regulated micro/nanomotors on CCVD treatments could simultaneously provide efficient therapeutic effect and intelligent control. In this review, various physical field-driven micro/nanomotors are mainly introduced and their latest advances for CCVDs are highlighted. Last, the remaining challenges and future perspectives regarding the physical field-regulated micro/nanomotors for CCVD treatments are discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Xinyue Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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4
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Chang W, Li Y, Liu F, Zang K, Zhang P, Qu S, Zhao J, Xue J. Isolation and Cultivation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from the Mouse Circle of Willis. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:234-244. [PMID: 37643584 PMCID: PMC10614493 DOI: 10.1159/000532033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Culturing cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) in vitro can provide a model for studying many cerebrovascular diseases. This study describes a convenient and efficient method to obtain mouse CVSMCs by enzyme digestion. METHODS Mouse circle of Willis was isolated, digested, and cultured with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) to promote CVSMC growth, and CVSMCs were identified by morphology, immunofluorescence analysis, and flow cytometry. The effect of PDGF-BB on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, morphological observations, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. RESULTS CVSMCs cultured in a PDGF-BB-free culture medium had a typical peak-to-valley growth pattern after approximately 14 days. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry detected strong positive expression of the cell type-specific markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11 (SMMHC), smooth muscle protein 22 (SM22), calponin, and desmin. In the CCK-8 assay and Western blotting, cells incubated with PDGF-BB had significantly enhanced proliferation compared to those without PDGF-BB. CONCLUSION We obtained highly purified VSMCs from the mouse circle of Willis using simple methods, providing experimental materials for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of neurovascular diseases in vitro. Moreover, the experimental efficiency improved with PDGF-BB, shortening the cell cultivation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengzhou Liu
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kehai Zang
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuai Qu
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junhui Xue
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Wang Z, Ma J, Yue H, Zhang Z, Fang F, Wang G, Liu X, Shen Y. Vascular smooth muscle cells in intracranial aneurysms. Microvasc Res 2023:104554. [PMID: 37236346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a severe cerebrovascular disease characterized by abnormal bulging of cerebral vessels that may rupture and cause a stroke. The expansion of the aneurysm accompanies by the remodeling of vascular matrix. It is well-known that vascular remodeling is a process of synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is highly dependent on the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The phenotypic switching of VSMC is considered to be bidirectional, including the physiological contractile phenotype and alternative synthetic phenotype in response to injury. There is increasing evidence indicating that VSMCs have the ability to switch to various phenotypes, including pro-inflammatory, macrophagic, osteogenic, foamy and mesenchymal phenotypes. Although the mechanisms of VSMC phenotype switching are still being explored, it is becoming clear that phenotype switching of VSMCs plays an essential role in IA formation, progression, and rupture. This review summarized the various phenotypes and functions of VSMCs associated with IA pathology. The possible influencing factors and potential molecular mechanisms of the VSMC phenotype switching were further discussed. Understanding how phenotype switching of VSMC contributed to the pathogenesis of unruptured IAs can bring new preventative and therapeutic strategies for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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Martini S, Thewissen L, Austin T, da Costa CS, de Boode WP, Dempsey E, Kooi E, Pellicer A, Rhee CJ, Riera J, Wolf M, Wong F. Near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of neonatal cerebrovascular reactivity: where are we now? Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02574-6. [PMID: 36997690 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular reactivity defines the ability of the cerebral vasculature to regulate its resistance in response to both local and systemic factors to ensure an adequate cerebral blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of the brain. The increasing adoption of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for non-invasive monitoring of cerebral oxygenation and perfusion allowed investigation of the mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular reactivity in the neonatal population, confirming important associations with pathological conditions including the development of brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the current literature on neonatal cerebrovascular reactivity is mainly still based on small, observational studies and is characterised by methodological heterogeneity; this has hindered the routine application of NIRS-based monitoring of cerebrovascular reactivity to identify infants most at risk of brain injury. This review aims (1) to provide an updated review on neonatal cerebrovascular reactivity, assessed using NIRS; (2) to identify critical points that need to be addressed with targeted research; and (3) to propose feasibility trials in order to fill the current knowledge gaps and to possibly develop a preventive or curative approach for preterm brain injury. IMPACT: NIRS monitoring has been largely applied in neonatal research to assess cerebrovascular reactivity in response to blood pressure, PaCO2 and other biochemical or metabolic factors, providing novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cerebral blood flow regulation. Despite these insights, the current literature shows important pitfalls that would benefit to be addressed in a series of targeted trials, proposed in the present review, in order to translate the assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity into routine monitoring in neonatal clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, IRCCS AOU S. Orsola, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Topun Austin
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Willem P de Boode
- Department of Neonatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene Dempsey
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, INFANT Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adelina Pellicer
- Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher J Rhee
- Section of Neonatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joan Riera
- Department of Neonatology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flora Wong
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Slaoui L, Gilbert A, Rancillac A, Delaunay-Piednoir B, Chagnot A, Gerard Q, Letort G, Mailly P, Robil N, Gelot A, Lefebvre M, Favier M, Dias K, Jourdren L, Federici L, Auvity S, Cisternino S, Vivien D, Cohen-Salmon M, Boulay AC. In mice and humans, brain microvascular contractility matures postnatally. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:475-492. [PMID: 36380034 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although great efforts to characterize the embryonic phase of brain microvascular system development have been made, its postnatal maturation has barely been described. Here, we compared the molecular and functional properties of brain vascular cells on postnatal day (P)5 vs. P15, via a transcriptomic analysis of purified mouse cortical microvessels (MVs) and the identification of vascular-cell-type-specific or -preferentially expressed transcripts. We found that endothelial cells (EC), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and fibroblasts (FB) follow specific molecular maturation programs over this time period. Focusing on VSMCs, we showed that the arteriolar VSMC network expands and becomes contractile resulting in a greater cerebral blood flow (CBF), with heterogenous developmental trajectories within cortical regions. Samples of the human brain cortex showed the same postnatal maturation process. Thus, the postnatal phase is a critical period during which arteriolar VSMC contractility required for vessel tone and brain perfusion is acquired and mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Slaoui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alice Gilbert
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Rancillac
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Delaunay-Piednoir
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Quentin Gerard
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Gaëlle Letort
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Mailly
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoinette Gelot
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Lefebvre
- Service de foetopathologie, Centre hospitalier régional d'Orleans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Karine Dias
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de L'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Jourdren
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de L'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Federici
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Auvity
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire-Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Universitaire-Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institute Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), Normandie University, 14000, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de la côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Cécile Boulay
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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Zhang Z, Fang Q, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Deng X. Magnetic resonance analysis of deep cerebral venous vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1013610. [PMID: 36211577 PMCID: PMC9532692 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1013610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Arterial spasm is proved to be an inducer of cerebral ischemia and cerebral infarction, while when a venous spasm occurs, cerebral edema is seen to be caused by a disturbance in cerebral blood flow. However, it is unclear and unproven whether venous spasm occurs after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). To provide the theoretical basis for treating cerebral vasospasm after SAH, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to observe the changes in the diameter of deep cerebral veins in rabbits after SAH. Methods Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the SAH group (n = 10) and the normal saline group (NS group, n = 4). Specifically, the SAH models were established by the ultrasound-guided double injections of blood into cisterna magna. Moreover, the MRI was performed to observe the changes in the diameter of deep cerebral veins (internal cerebral vein, basilar vein, and great cerebral vein) and basilar artery before modeling (0 d) and 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 d after modeling. Results In the SAH group, the diameter of the basilar artery showed no evident change on the 1st d. However, it became narrower obviously on the 3rd d and 5th d, and the stenosis degree was more than 30%. The diameter gradually relieved from 7th to 9th d, and finally returned to normal on the 11th d. Moreover, the diameter of the internal cerebral vein significantly narrowed on the 1st d, the stenosis degree of which was 19%; the stenosis then relieved slightly on the 3rd d (13%), reached the peak (34%) on the 5th d, and gradually relieved from 7th d to 11th d. Moreover, the stenosis degree of the basilar vein was 18% on the 1st d, 24% on the 3rd d, and reached the peak (34%) on the 5th d. Conclusion After SAH in rabbits, the cerebral vasospasm was seen to occur in the basilar artery, and likewise, spasmodic changes took place in the deep cerebral vein. Furthermore, the time regularity of spasmodic changes between the cerebral vein and basilar artery was of significant difference, indicating that the venous vasospasm resulted in active contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, West Anhui Health Vocational College, Lu'an, China
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Fang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei, China
| | - Youzhi Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The 901st Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Youyou Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuefei Deng
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xuefei Deng
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9
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Shabani Z, Schuerger J, Su H. Cellular loci involved in the development of brain arteriovenous malformations. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:968369. [PMID: 36211120 PMCID: PMC9532630 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.968369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are abnormal vessels that are prone to rupture, causing life-threatening intracranial bleeding. The mechanism of bAVM formation is poorly understood. Nevertheless, animal studies revealed that gene mutation in endothelial cells (ECs) and angiogenic stimulation are necessary for bAVM initiation. Evidence collected through analyzing bAVM specimens of human and mouse models indicate that cells other than ECs also are involved in bAVM pathogenesis. Both human and mouse bAVMs vessels showed lower mural cell-coverage, suggesting a role of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in bAVM pathogenesis. Perivascular astrocytes also are important in maintaining cerebral vascular function and take part in bAVM development. Furthermore, higher inflammatory cytokines in bAVM tissue and blood demonstrate the contribution of inflammatory cells in bAVM progression, and rupture. The goal of this paper is to provide our current understanding of the roles of different cellular loci in bAVM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shabani
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joana Schuerger
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hua Su
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hua Su, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1566-9877
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10
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Gao Y, Li D, Lin J, Thomas AM, Miao J, Chen D, Li S, Chu C. Cerebral small vessel disease: Pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:961661. [PMID: 36034144 PMCID: PMC9412755 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.961661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a diverse cluster of cerebrovascular diseases primarily affecting small arteries, capillaries, arterioles and venules. The diagnosis of CSVD relies on the identification of small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, perivascular spaces, and microbleeds using neuroimaging. CSVD is observed in 25% of strokes worldwide and is the most common pathology of cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly. Still, due to the poor understanding of pathophysiology in CSVD, there is not an effective preventative or therapeutic approach for CSVD. The most widely accepted approach to CSVD treatment is to mitigate vascular risk factors and adopt a healthier lifestyle. Thus, a deeper understanding of pathogenesis may foster more specific therapies. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of pathological characteristics in CSVD development, with a focus on endothelial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier impairment and white matter change. We also describe inflammation in CSVD, whose role in contributing to CSVD pathology is gaining interest. Finally, we update the current treatments and preventative measures of CSVD, as well as discuss potential targets and novel strategies for CSVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Department of Neurointervention and Neurological Intensive Care, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Neurointervention and Neurological Intensive Care, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jianwen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Aline M. Thomas
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jianyu Miao
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyan Chu
- Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Chengyan Chu,
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11
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Winkler EA, Kim CN, Ross JM, Garcia JH, Gil E, Oh I, Chen LQ, Wu D, Catapano JS, Raygor K, Narsinh K, Kim H, Weinsheimer S, Cooke DL, Walcott BP, Lawton MT, Gupta N, Zlokovic BV, Chang EF, Abla AA, Lim DA, Nowakowski TJ. A single-cell atlas of the normal and malformed human brain vasculature. Science 2022; 375:eabi7377. [PMID: 35084939 PMCID: PMC8995178 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are a leading cause of death and neurologic disability. Further understanding of disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies requires a deeper knowledge of cerebrovascular cells in humans. We profiled transcriptomes of 181,388 cells to define a cell atlas of the adult human cerebrovasculature, including endothelial cell molecular signatures with arteriovenous segmentation and expanded perivascular cell diversity. By leveraging this reference, we investigated cellular and molecular perturbations in brain arteriovenous malformations, which are a leading cause of stroke in young people, and identified pathologic endothelial transformations with abnormal vascular patterning and the ontology of vascularly derived inflammation. We illustrate the interplay between vascular and immune cells that contributes to brain hemorrhage and catalog opportunities for targeting angiogenic and inflammatory programs in vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan A Winkler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chang N Kim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jayden M Ross
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Garcia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eugene Gil
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irene Oh
- Rebus Biosystems, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | | | - David Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kunal Raygor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazim Narsinh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Kim
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shantel Weinsheimer
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Cooke
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian P Walcott
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adib A Abla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Rodriguez-Calienes A, Bustamante-Paytan D, Camacho-Caballero K, Mayoria-Vargas A, Rodríguez-Varela R, Saal-Zapata G. Single-center experience with endovascular treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with intent to cure in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:343-351. [PMID: 34605999 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to report the incidence of technical complications and immediate complete angiographic occlusion, identify associated factors with failure of complete occlusion and identify predictors of technical complications in a single-center experience of pediatric arteriovenous malformations (AVM) treated with endovascular treatment with intent to cure. METHODS Patients between 1 and 18 years of age undergoing endovascular embolization between 2011 and 2020 were included. RESULTS A total of 120 embolizations were performed in 69 patients. The most frequent clinical presentation was intracerebral hemorrhage (76.8%). Immediate obliteration of the malformations was achieved in 40 (58%) cases. The technical complication rate was 15%. AVM nidus size between 3 and 6 cm (OR: 3.91; 95% CI 1.1-13.85; p = 0.035) and the presence of multiple feeders (OR: 5.08; 95% CI 1.41-18.28; p = 0.074) were predictive of failure of immediate complete occlusion. The location of the temporal lobe (OR: 7.83; p = 0.048), deep venous drainage (OR: 4.67; p = 0.112), and the presence of an intranidal aneurysm (OR: 3.58; p = 0.134) were predictors of technical complications. CONCLUSIONS Embolization of pediatric AVMs with intent to cure shows a high rate of technical complications and acceptable immediate occlusion rates. Nidus size and the presence of multiple feeders were predictive of failure of complete occlusion, while temporal lobe location, deep venous drainage, and the presence of an intranidal aneurysm were predictors of technical complications. Further studies are needed to determine the best therapeutic approach in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Rodriguez-Calienes
- Grupo Estudiantil de Investigación en Neurociencias, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Alameda del Corregidor 1531, La Molina 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Bustamante-Paytan
- Grupo Estudiantil de Investigación en Neurociencias, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru. .,Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Alameda del Corregidor 1531, La Molina 15024, Lima, Peru.
| | - Kiara Camacho-Caballero
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.,CHANGE, Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Angie Mayoria-Vargas
- Grupo Estudiantil de Investigación en Neurociencias, Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Alameda del Corregidor 1531, La Molina 15024, Lima, Peru
| | - Rodolfo Rodríguez-Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, Endovascular Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru
| | - Giancarlo Saal-Zapata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Endovascular Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru
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13
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Ouellette J, Lacoste B. From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:749026. [PMID: 34744690 PMCID: PMC8570842 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.749026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional integrity of the cerebral vasculature ensures proper brain development and function, as well as healthy aging. The inability of the brain to store energy makes it exceptionally dependent on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream for matching colossal demands of neural and glial cells. Key vascular features including a dense vasculature, a tightly controlled environment, and the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) all take part in brain health throughout life. As such, healthy brain development and aging are both ensured by the anatomical and functional interaction between the vascular and nervous systems that are established during brain development and maintained throughout the lifespan. During critical periods of brain development, vascular networks remodel until they can actively respond to increases in neural activity through neurovascular coupling, which makes the brain particularly vulnerable to neurovascular alterations. The brain vasculature has been strongly associated with the onset and/or progression of conditions associated with aging, and more recently with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our understanding of cerebrovascular contributions to neurological disorders is rapidly evolving, and increasing evidence shows that deficits in angiogenesis, CBF and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are causally linked to cognitive impairment. Moreover, it is of utmost curiosity that although neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders express different clinical features at different stages of life, they share similar vascular abnormalities. In this review, we present an overview of vascular dysfunctions associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Down Syndrome) and neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis, Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases) disorders, with a focus on impairments in angiogenesis, CBF and the BBB. Finally, we discuss the impact of early vascular impairments on the expression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ouellette
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), particularly in young patients. However, the exact cause of bAVM bleeding and rupture is not yet fully understood. In bAVMs, blood bypasses the entire capillary bed and directly flows from arteries to veins. The vessel walls in bAVMs have structural defects, which impair vascular integrity. Mural cells are essential structural and functional components of blood vessels and play a critical role in maintaining vascular integrity. Changes in mural cell number and coverage have been implicated in bAVMs. In this review, we discussed the roles of mural cells in bAVM pathogenesis. We focused on 1) the recent advances in human and animal studies of bAVMs; 2) the importance of mural cells in vascular integrity; 3) the regulatory signaling pathways that regulate mural cell function. More specifically, the platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B)/PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR-β), EphrinB2/EphB4, and angiopoietins/tie2 signaling pathways that regulate mural cell-recruitment during vascular remodeling were discussed in detail.
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15
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Won YD, Kim JM, Ryu JI, Koh SH, Han MH, Cheong JH. The Osteoporotic Condition as a Predictive Factor for Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Cardioembolic Stroke. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021; 64:763-775. [PMID: 34428885 PMCID: PMC8435655 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) can be occurred after acute cerebral infarction. HT can worse symptoms in severe cases and adversely affect long-term prognosis. As bone and vascular smooth muscle are composed of type 1 collagen, we aimed to identify a potential relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and HT after acute cardioembolic stroke.
Methods As an indicator of BMD, we used mean frontal skull Hounsfield unit (HU) values on brain computed tomography (CT). Multivariative hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression analysis to identify whether the osteoporotic condition was an independent predictor of HT after acute cardioembolic stroke.
Results This 11-year analysis enrolled 506 patients who diagnosed as acute cardioembolic infarction. The first tertile of skull HU value was an independent predictor of HT development compared to the third tertile (hazard ratio, 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–3.98; p=0.020). We observed no interactions between age and skull HU with respect to HT statistically.
Conclusion The results of this study revealed an association between osteoporotic conditions and HT development after acute cardioembolic stroke. A convenient method to measure the cancellous bone HU value of the frontal skull using brain CT images may be useful for predicting HT in patients with acute cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deok Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Je-Il Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Koh
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Cheong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
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16
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Jiang Z, Huang J, You L, Zhang J. Protective effects of BP-1-102 against intracranial aneurysms-induced impairments in mice. J Drug Target 2021; 29:974-982. [PMID: 33682559 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1895817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-invasive pharmacological therapies to prevent the progression and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is an important field of research. This study attempts to reveal the role of BP-1-102, an oral bioavailable signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, in IA. We first constructed an IA mouse model by injecting elastase into the cerebrospinal fluid with simultaneous induction of hypertension by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) implantation. The results showed that the proportion of IA rupture in mice after BP-1-102 administration was significantly reduced, and the survival time was significantly extended. Further research showed that compared with the vehicle group, the proportion of macrophages infiltrated at the aneurysm and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the BP-1-102 administration group were significantly reduced. The contractile phenotype vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) specific markers, SM22α and αSMA, were significantly upregulated in the BP-1-102 group. Furthermore, we found that BP-1-102 inhibited the expression of critical proteins in the nuclear factor kappa-B and Janus kinase 2/STAT3 signalling pathways. Our study shows that BP-1-102 significantly decreases the rupture of IA, reduces the inflammatory responses and modulates the phenotype of VSMCs, suggesting that BP-1-102 could be utilised as a potential intervention drug for IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Jiang
- Inpatient Department District N13, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Chendong Branch of Quanzhou 1st Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Inpatient Department District N13, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Chendong Branch of Quanzhou 1st Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lingtong You
- Inpatient Department District N13, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Chendong Branch of Quanzhou 1st Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Inpatient Department District N13, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Chendong Branch of Quanzhou 1st Hospital, Quanzhou, China
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17
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Poppenberg KE, Zebraski HR, Avasthi N, Waqas M, Siddiqui AH, Jarvis JN, Tutino VM. Epigenetic landscapes of intracranial aneurysm risk haplotypes implicate enhancer function of endothelial cells and fibroblasts in dysregulated gene expression. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:162. [PMID: 34134708 PMCID: PMC8210394 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have identified many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with increased risk for intracranial aneurysm (IA). However, how such variants affect gene expression within IA is poorly understood. We used publicly-available ChIP-Seq data to study chromatin landscapes surrounding risk loci to determine whether IA-associated SNPs affect functional elements that regulate gene expression in cell types comprising IA tissue. METHODS We mapped 16 significant IA-associated SNPs to linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks within human genome. Using ChIP-Seq data, we examined these regions for presence of H3K4me1, H3K27ac, and H3K9ac histone marks (typically associated with latent/active enhancers). This analysis was conducted in several cell types that are present in IA tissue (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, B cells, NK cells). In cell types with significant histone enrichment, we used HiC data to investigate topologically associated domains (TADs) encompassing the LD blocks to identify genes that may be affected by IA-associated variants. Bioinformatics were performed to determine the biological significance of these genes. Genes within HiC-defined TADs were also compared to differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq/microarray studies of IA tissues. RESULTS We found that endothelial cells and fibroblasts, rather than smooth muscle or immune cells, have significant enrichment for enhancer marks on IA risk haplotypes (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics demonstrated that genes within TADs subsuming these regions are associated with structural extracellular matrix components and enzymatic activity. The majority of histone marked TADs (83% fibroblasts [IMR90], 77% HUVEC) encompassed at least one differentially expressed gene from IA tissue studies. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that genetic variants associated with IA risk act on endothelial cells and fibroblasts. There is strong circumstantial evidence that this may be mediated through altered enhancer function, as genes in TADs encompassing enhancer marks have also been shown to be differentially expressed in IA tissue. These genes are largely related to organization and regulation of the extracellular matrix. This study builds upon our previous (Poppenberg et al., BMC Med Genomics, 2019) by including a more diverse set of data from additional cell types and by identifying potential affected genes (i.e. those in TADs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Poppenberg
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Haley R Zebraski
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Naval Avasthi
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adnan H Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - James N Jarvis
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vincent M Tutino
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. .,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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18
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Ding X, Wang X, Han L, Zhao Z, Jia S, Tuo Y. CircRNA DOCK1 Regulates miR-409-3p/MCL1 Axis to Modulate Proliferation and Apoptosis of Human Brain Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655628. [PMID: 34109173 PMCID: PMC8181129 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracranial aneurysm is an abnormal expansion in the intracranial arteries, which is associated with growth and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have implicated in the progression of intracranial aneurysms. The purpose of this paper is to study the function and mechanism of circRNA dedicator of cytokinesis 1 (circ_DOCK1) in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of human brain vascular smooth muscle cells (HBVSMCs). Methods HBVSMCs were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. Circ_DOCK1, microRNA (miR)-409-3p, and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1) levels were examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blotting. The target association was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Results Exposure to H2O2 decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of HBVSMCs. Circ_DOCK1 expression was reduced in H2O2-treated HBVSMCs. Circ_DOCK1 overexpression rescued H2O2-caused reduction of proliferation and PCNA expression and attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved PARP. MiR-409-3p was targeted by circ_DOCK1 and upregulated in H2O2-treated HBVSMCs. MiR-409-3p upregulation mitigated the role of circ_DOCK1 in proliferation and apoptosis of H2O2-treated HBVSMCs. MCL1 was targeted via miR-409-3p and downregulated via H2O2 treatment. Circ_DOCK1 overexpression enhanced MCL1 expression via modulating miR-409-3p. MiR-409-3p knockdown weakened H2O2-induced proliferation reduction and apoptosis promotion via regulating MCL1. Conclusion Circ_DOCK1 overexpression mitigated H2O2-caused proliferation inhibition and apoptosis promotion in HBVSMCs by modulating miR-409-3p/MCL1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuai Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuanzhao Tuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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19
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Li L, Hofmann BB, Fischer I, Donaldson DM, Engel A, Karadag C, Wetzel-Yalelis A, Piedade GS, Mijderwijk HJ, Bostelmann R, Kaschner MG, Muhammad S, Hänggi D, Cornelius JF, Petridis AK. Asymmetry of P1 and vertebral arteries is not related to basilar tip aneurysm development or rupture. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:805-812. [PMID: 33025090 PMCID: PMC7886757 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lately, morphological parameters of the surrounding vasculature aside from aneurysm size, specific for the aneurysm location, e.g., posterior cerebral artery angle for basilar artery tip aneurysms, could be identified to correlate with the risk of rupture. We examined further image-based morphological parameters of the aneurysm surrounding vasculature that could correlate with the growth or the risk of rupture of basilar artery tip aneurysms. METHODS Data from 83 patients with basilar tip aneurysms (27 not ruptured; 56 ruptured) and 100 control patients were assessed (50 without aneurysms and 50 with aneurysms of the anterior circle of Willis). Anatomical parameters of the aneurysms were assessed and analyzed, as well as of the surrounding vasculature, namely the asymmetry of P1 and the vertebral arteries. RESULTS Patients with basilar tip aneurysm showed no significant increase in P1 or vertebral artery asymmetry compared with the control patients or patients with aneurysms of the anterior circulation, neither was there a significant difference in asymmetry between cases with ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Furthermore, we observed no significant correlations between P1 asymmetry and the aneurysm size or number of lobuli in the aneurysms. CONCLUSION We observed no significant difference in aneurysm size, rupture, or lobulation associated with P1 or vertebral artery (surrounding vasculature) asymmetry. Therefore, the asymmetry of the surrounding vessels does not seem to be a promising morphological parameter for the evaluation of probability of rupture and growth in basilar tip aneurysms in future studies.
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Keränen S, Suutarinen S, Mallick R, Laakkonen JP, Guo D, Pawlikowska L, Jahromi BR, Rauramaa T, Ylä-Herttuala S, Marchuk D, Krings T, Koivisto T, Lawton M, Radovanovic I, Kim H, Faughnan ME, Frösen J. Cyclo-oxygenase 2, a putative mediator of vessel remodeling, is expressed in the brain AVM vessels and associates with inflammation. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:2503-2514. [PMID: 34185176 PMCID: PMC8357659 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) may rupture causing disability or death. BAVM vessels are characterized by abnormally high flow that in general triggers expansive vessel remodeling mediated by cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2), the target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We investigated whether COX2 is expressed in bAVMs and whether it associates with inflammation and haemorrhage in these lesions. METHODS Tissue was obtained from surgery of 139 bAVMs and 21 normal Circle of Willis samples. The samples were studied with immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Clinical data was collected from patient records. RESULTS COX2 expression was found in 78% (109/139) of the bAVMs and localized to the vessels' lumen or medial layer in 70% (95/135) of the bAVMs. Receptors for prostaglandin E2, a COX2-derived mediator of vascular remodeling, were found in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells and perivascular inflammatory cells of bAVMs. COX2 was expressed by infiltrating inflammatory cells and correlated with the extent of inflammation (r = .231, p = .007, Spearman rank correlation). COX2 expression did not associate with haemorrhage. CONCLUSION COX2 is induced in bAVMs, and possibly participates in the regulation of vessel wall remodelling and ongoing inflammation. Role of COX2 signalling in the pathobiology and clinical course of bAVMs merits further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Keränen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santeri Suutarinen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Diana Guo
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Dept of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ludmila Pawlikowska
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Dept of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Behnam Rezai Jahromi
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Doug Marchuk
- Division of Human Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timo Krings
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Network Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timo Koivisto
- Department of Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michael Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Brain and Spine Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Network Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen Kim
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Dept of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie E Faughnan
- Toronto HHT Centre, St. Michael's Hospital and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Juhana Frösen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Neurosurgery, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Elämänaukio 2, PoBox 33521, Tampere, Finland.
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van Veluw SJ, Frosch MP, Scherlek AA, Lee D, Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ. In vivo characterization of spontaneous microhemorrhage formation in mice with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:82-91. [PMID: 31987010 PMCID: PMC7747164 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19899377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of microhemorrhages in the context of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) remains poorly understood. Here we used in vivo two-photon microscopy in aged APP/PS1 mice with mild-to-moderate CAA to assess the formation of microhemorrhages and their spatial relationship with vascular Aβ depositions in the surrounding microvascular network. Mice with chronic cranial windows were intravenously injected with fluorescent dextran to visualize the vessels and a fluorescently labeled anti-fibrin antibody to visualize microhemorrhages. Focal vessel irradiations resulted in extravascular fibrin-positive clots at individual rupture sites that remained visible for weeks. Spontaneous extravascular fibrin-positive clots were more often observed in 19-month-old transgenic APP/PS1 mice compared to their wild-type littermate controls (p = 0.039), after heparin administration. In the transgenic mice, these spontaneous leakage sites frequently occurred at arteriolar segments without CAA at bifurcations or vessel bends. These findings suggest that the presence of vascular Aβ per se does not directly predispose vessels to leak, but that complex flow dynamics within CAA-affected vascular networks likely play a role. Our in vivo approach for the detection of individual spontaneous leakage sites may be used in longitudinal studies aimed to assess structural and functional alterations at the single-vessel level leading up to microhemorrhage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne J van Veluw
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA.,J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Neuropathology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashley A Scherlek
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, USA
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Blevins BL, Vinters HV, Love S, Wilcock DM, Grinberg LT, Schneider JA, Kalaria RN, Katsumata Y, Gold BT, Wang DJJ, Ma SJ, Shade LMP, Fardo DW, Hartz AMS, Jicha GA, Nelson KB, Magaki SD, Schmitt FA, Teylan MA, Ighodaro ET, Phe P, Abner EL, Cykowski MD, Van Eldik LJ, Nelson PT. Brain arteriolosclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:1-24. [PMID: 33098484 PMCID: PMC8503820 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain arteriolosclerosis (B-ASC), characterized by pathologic arteriolar wall thickening, is a common finding at autopsy in aged persons and is associated with cognitive impairment. Hypertension and diabetes are widely recognized as risk factors for B-ASC. Recent research indicates other and more complex risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms. Here, we describe aspects of the unique architecture of brain arterioles, histomorphologic features of B-ASC, relevant neuroimaging findings, epidemiology and association with aging, established genetic risk factors, and the co-occurrence of B-ASC with other neuropathologic conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). There may also be complex physiologic interactions between metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension and inflammation) and brain arteriolar pathology. Although there is no universally applied diagnostic methodology, several classification schemes and neuroimaging techniques are used to diagnose and categorize cerebral small vessel disease pathologies that include B-ASC, microinfarcts, microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In clinical-pathologic studies that factored in comorbid diseases, B-ASC was independently associated with impairments of global cognition, episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed, and has been linked to autonomic dysfunction and motor symptoms including parkinsonism. We conclude by discussing critical knowledge gaps related to B-ASC and suggest that there are probably subcategories of B-ASC that differ in pathogenesis. Observed in over 80% of autopsied individuals beyond 80 years of age, B-ASC is a complex and under-studied contributor to neurologic disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Blevins
- Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen SOM at UCLA and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Seth Love
- University of Bristol and Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rajesh N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Brian T Gold
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Samantha J Ma
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lincoln M P Shade
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neurology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | | | - Shino D Magaki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen SOM at UCLA and Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Frederick A Schmitt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neurology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Merilee A Teylan
- Department of Epidemiology, University Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | | | - Panhavuth Phe
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Erin L Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Epidemiology, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Matthew D Cykowski
- Departments of Pathology and Genomic Medicine and Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Rm 311 Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Ross JM, Kim C, Allen D, Crouch EE, Narsinh K, Cooke DL, Abla AA, Nowakowski TJ, Winkler EA. The Expanding Cell Diversity of the Brain Vasculature. Front Physiol 2020; 11:600767. [PMID: 33343397 PMCID: PMC7744630 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.600767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebrovasculature is essential to brain health and is tasked with ensuring adequate delivery of oxygen and metabolic precursors to ensure normal neurologic function. This is coordinated through a dynamic, multi-directional cellular interplay between vascular, neuronal, and glial cells. Molecular exchanges across the blood-brain barrier or the close matching of regional blood flow with brain activation are not uniformly assigned to arteries, capillaries, and veins. Evidence has supported functional segmentation of the brain vasculature. This is achieved in part through morphologic or transcriptional heterogeneity of brain vascular cells-including endothelium, pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle. Advances with single cell genomic technologies have shown increasing cell complexity of the brain vasculature identifying previously unknown cell types and further subclassifying transcriptional diversity in cardinal vascular cell types. Cell-type specific molecular transitions or zonations have been identified. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence for the expanding vascular cell diversity in the brain and how this may provide a cellular basis for functional segmentation along the arterial-venous axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayden M. Ross
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chang Kim
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Denise Allen
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Crouch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kazim Narsinh
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel L. Cooke
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adib A. Abla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tomasz J. Nowakowski
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ethan A. Winkler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Aalkjær C, Nilsson H, De Mey JGR. Sympathetic and Sensory-Motor Nerves in Peripheral Small Arteries. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:495-544. [PMID: 33270533 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small arteries, which play important roles in controlling blood flow, blood pressure, and capillary pressure, are under nervous influence. Their innervation is predominantly sympathetic and sensory motor in nature, and while some arteries are densely innervated, others are only sparsely so. Innervation of small arteries is a key mechanism in regulating vascular resistance. In the second half of the previous century, the physiology and pharmacology of this innervation were very actively investigated. In the past 10-20 yr, the activity in this field was more limited. With this review we highlight what has been learned during recent years with respect to development of small arteries and their innervation, some aspects of excitation-release coupling, interaction between sympathetic and sensory-motor nerves, cross talk between endothelium and vascular nerves, and some aspects of their role in vascular inflammation and hypertension. We also highlight what remains to be investigated to further increase our understanding of this fundamental aspect of vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holger Nilsson
- Department Physiology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jo G R De Mey
- Deptartment Pharmacology and Personalized Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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25
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Bruijn LE, van den Akker BEWM, van Rhijn CM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017094. [PMID: 33190596 PMCID: PMC7763765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal cells are culprit factors in vascular (patho)physiology and are hallmarked by phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. At present, they are subdivided by classic umbrella terms, such as "fibroblasts," "myofibroblasts," "smooth muscle cells," "fibrocytes," "mesangial cells," and "pericytes." However, a discriminative marker-based subclassification has to date not been established. Methods and Results As a first effort toward a classification scheme, a systematic literature search was performed to identify the most commonly used phenotypical and functional protein markers for characterizing and classifying vascular mesenchymal cell subpopulation(s). We next applied immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to inventory the expression pattern of identified markers on human aorta specimens representing early, intermediate, and end stages of human atherosclerotic disease. Included markers comprise markers for mesenchymal lineage (vimentin, FSP-1 [fibroblast-specific protein-1]/S100A4, cluster of differentiation (CD) 90/thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and FAP [fibroblast activation protein]), contractile/non-contractile phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), and auxiliary contractile markers (h1-Calponin, h-Caldesmon, Desmin, SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22α], non-muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, Smoothelin-B, α-Tropomyosin, and Telokin) or adhesion proteins (Paxillin and Vinculin). Vimentin classified as the most inclusive lineage marker. Subset markers did not separate along classic lines of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast, or fibroblast, but showed clear temporal and spatial diversity. Strong indications were found for presence of stem cells/Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal cell Transition and fibrocytes in specific aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. Conclusions This systematic evaluation shows a highly diverse and dynamic landscape for the human vascular mesenchymal cell population that is not captured by the classic nomenclature. Our observations stress the need for a consensus multiparameter subclass designation along the lines of the cluster of differentiation classification for leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Bruijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Connie M. van Rhijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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Innovative high-resolution microCT imaging of animal brain vasculature. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2885-2895. [PMID: 33128675 PMCID: PMC7674347 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the angioarchitecture and quantification of the conduit vessels and microvasculature is of paramount importance for understanding the physiological and pathological processes within the central nervous system (CNS). Most of the available in vivo imaging methods lack penetration depth and/or resolution. Some ex vivo methods may provide better resolution, but are mainly destructive, as they are designed for imaging the CNS tissues after their removal from the skull or vertebral column. The removal procedure inevitably alters the in situ relations of the investigated structures and damages the dura mater and leptomeninges. µAngiofil, a polymer-based contrast agent, permits a qualitatively novel postmortem microangio-computed tomography (microangioCT) approach with excellent resolution and, therefore, visualization of the smallest brain capillaries. The datasets obtained empower a rather straightforward quantitative analysis of the vascular tree, including the microvasculature. The µAngiofil has an excellent filling capacity as well as a radio-opacity higher than the one of bone tissue, which allows imaging the cerebral microvasculature even within the intact skull or vertebral column. This permits in situ visualization and thus investigation of the dura mater and leptomeningeal layers as well as their blood supply in their original geometry. Moreover, the methodology introduced here permits correlative approaches, i.e., microangioCT followed by classical histology, immunohistochemistry and even electron microscopy. The experimental approach presented here makes use of common desktop microCT scanners, rendering it a promising everyday tool for the evaluation of the (micro)vasculature of the central nervous system in preclinical and basic research.
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27
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Zhang J, Can A, Lai PMR, Mukundan S, Castro VM, Dligach D, Finan S, Gainer VS, Shadick NA, Savova G, Murphy SN, Cai T, Weiss ST, Du R. Surrounding vascular geometry associated with basilar tip aneurysm formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17928. [PMID: 33087795 PMCID: PMC7578056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodynamic stress is thought to play an important role in the formation of intracranial aneurysms, which is conditioned by the geometry of the surrounding vasculature. Our goal was to identify image-based morphological parameters that were associated with basilar artery tip aneurysms (BTA) in a location-specific manner. Three-dimensional morphological parameters obtained from CT-angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) from 207 patients with BTAs and a control group of 106 patients with aneurysms elsewhere to control for non-morphological factors, who were diagnosed at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital between 1990 and 2016, were evaluated. We examined the presence of hypoplastic, aplastic or fetal PCoAs, vertebral dominance, and diameters and angles of surrounding parent and daughter vessels. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to determine statistical significance. Sensitivity analyses with small (≤ 3 mm) aneurysms only and with angles excluded, were also performed. In multivariable analysis, daughter-daughter angle was directly, and parent artery diameter and diameter size ratio were inversely associated with BTAs. These results remained significant in the subgroup analysis of small aneurysms (width ≤ 3 mm) and when angles were excluded. These easily measurable and robust parameters that are unlikely to be affected by aneurysm formation could aid in risk stratification for the formation of BTAs in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Anil Can
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pui Man Rosalind Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Victor M Castro
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dmitriy Dligach
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean Finan
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vivian S Gainer
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy A Shadick
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guergana Savova
- Boston Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn N Murphy
- Research Information Systems and Computing, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rose Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Presence of vasa vasorum in human intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:2283-2293. [PMID: 32696328 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vasa vasorum is associated with the pathogenesis of various cerebrovascular diseases, but its presence in intracranial aneurysms (IA) and its ability to act as a predicting factor of IA rupture remain unrevealed. METHODS Histological investigation was performed for 3 middle meningeal arteries and 25 human IAs that were sequentially collected from 2017 to 2019. Relevant medical information was collected from the hospital information and imaging system. Fisher's exact tests and Student's t tests were performed to identify the histological and clinical differences between aneurysms with and without vasa vasorum. RESULTS Vasa vasorum were present in 14/25 (56%) aneurysm samples. They were detected at a similar frequency in male patients (4/9, 44.4%) and (10/16, 62.5%) female patients. Patients with vasa vasorum present aneurysms (47.07 ± 3.668 years, n = 14) or vasa vasorum absent aneurysms (50.27 ± 2.289 years, n = 11) did not differ in age (p = 0.49). True aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms also shared a similar rate of vasa vasorum presence (10/16, 62.5% in true aneurysms vs 4/9, 44.4% in pseudoaneurysms). The average size of aneurysms with vasa vasorum varied from 21.70 to 3.00 mm, and no statistical difference in size was detected when comparing aneurysms with and without vasa vasorum (p = 0.71). The vasa vasorum in almost all IAs had uniform vascular trajectory with occasional exceptions. The presence of vasa vasorum appears to be tightly associated with important histopathological changes of myointimal hyperplasia and increased immune cell infiltration in IAs (both p value < 0.05), though it does not appear to be indicative of IA rupture or other rupture-related histological degenerations (all p values > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The presence of vasa vasorum is common in IAs. While it is associated with aneurysm wall remodeling and robust inflammatory cell infiltration, our results indicate that it is not a single specific marker of rupture-prone aneurysms.
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Abstract
Cerebrovascular autoregulation is the ability to maintain stable cerebral blood flow within a range of cerebral perfusion pressures. When cerebral perfusion pressure is outside the limits of effective autoregulation, the brain is subjected to hypoperfusion or hyperperfusion, which may cause vascular injury, hemorrhage, and/or hypoxic white matter injury. Infants born preterm, after fetal growth restriction, with congenital heart disease, or with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are susceptible to a failure of cerebral autoregulation. Bedside assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation would offer the opportunity to prevent brain injury. Clinicians need to know which patient populations and circumstances are associated with impaired/absent cerebral autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M W Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne E Richter
- Division of Neonatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
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Järvelin P, Wright R, Pekonen H, Keränen S, Rauramaa T, Frösen J. Histopathology of brain AVMs part I: microhemorrhages and changes in the nidal vessels. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:1735-1740. [PMID: 32399691 PMCID: PMC7295831 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Arteriovenous malformations of the brain (bAVM) may rupture from aneurysms or ectasias of the feeding, draining, or nidal vessels. Moreover, they may rupture from the immature, fragile nidal vessels that are characteristic to bAVMs. How the histopathological changes of the nidal vessels associate with clinical presentation and hemorrhage of the lesion is not well known. Materials and methods We investigated tissue samples from surgically treated bAVMs (n = 85) using standard histological and immunohistochemical stainings. Histological features were compared with the clinical presentation of the patient. Results Microhemorrhages from nidal vessels were found both in bAVMs with a history of clinically evident rupture and in bAVMs considered unruptured. These microhemorrhages were associated with presence of immature, pathological nidal vessels (p = 0.010) and perivascular inflammation of these vessels (p = 0.001), especially with adhesion of neutrophils (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, perivascular inflammation (OR = 19, 95% CI 1.6 to 230), neutrophil infiltration of the vessel wall (OR = 13, 95% CI 1.9 to 94), and rupture status (OR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.017 to 0.92) were significantly associated with microhemorrhages. Conclusions Clinically silent microhemorrhages from nidal vessels seem to be very common in bAVMs, and associate with perivascular inflammation and neutrophil infiltration. Further studies on the role of perivascular inflammation in the clinical course of bAVMs are indicated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00701-020-04391-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Järvelin
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roosa Wright
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Pekonen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Keränen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Dept of Molecular Medicine, AIV-Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Dept of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhana Frösen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
- Dept of Molecular Medicine, AIV-Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
- Dept of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, PO Box 33521, Tampere, Finland.
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Wright R, Järvelin P, Pekonen H, Keränen S, Rauramaa T, Frösen J. Histopathology of brain AVMs part II: inflammation in arteriovenous malformation of the brain. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2020; 162:1741-1747. [PMID: 32306161 PMCID: PMC7295713 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Hemorrhage from an arteriovenous malformation of the brain (bAVM) has been associated with focal inflammation of the bAVM. Intrigued by the possibility of anti-inflammatory drug therapy to stabilize bAVMs and prevent hemorrhage, we investigated the association of bAVM inflammation with other histological features and clinical presentation. Materials and methods Tissue samples from 85 surgically treated bAVMs were studied with histology and CD45 immunostainings. The histological data was compared with the clinical history of the patient. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results Inflammation was found in all studied bAVMs and did not associate with rupture (p = 0.442). While multiple types of inflammatory cells were present, macrophages were clearly the dominant inflammatory cell type, especially in samples with strong inflammation (87% of the samples). Of those bAVMs that had strong inflammation, only 56% had presented with clinically evident rupture. However, hemosiderin which is a sign of prior hemorrhage was detected in 78.4% (58/74) of samples with strong inflammation and was associated with it (p = 0.003). Inflammation in the nidus and parenchyma was associated with perivascular inflammation (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis did not reveal any independent histological or clinical risk factor for inflammation. Conclusions Since strong inflammation is present in both unruptured and ruptured bAVMs, it is not just a reaction to rupture. Our observations suggest that inflammation of the bAVM may indeed predispose to fragility and hemorrhage of the nidal vessels. Further studies in the role of inflammation in the untreated clinical course of bAVMs are indicated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00701-020-04328-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roosa Wright
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Patrik Järvelin
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Pekonen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Keränen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- AIV-Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhana Frösen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
- AIV-Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, PoBox 33521, Tampere, Finland.
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Norton EJ, Bridges LR, Kenyon LC, Esiri MM, Bennett DC, Hainsworth AH. Cell Senescence and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in the Brains of People Aged 80 Years and Older. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 78:1066-1072. [PMID: 31553444 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in penetrating arteries is a major cause of age-related morbidity. Cellular senescence is a molecular process targeted by novel senolytic drugs. We quantified senescence in penetrating arteries and tested whether myocyte senescence was associated with cSVD. We immunolabeled subcortical white matter of older persons (age 80-96 years, n = 60) with minimal AD, using antibodies to 2 established senescence markers (H3K9me3, γH2AX) and a myocyte marker (hSMM). Within the walls of penetrating arteries (20-300 µm), we quantified senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF)-positive nuclei, cell density (nuclei/µm2), and sclerotic index (SI). Senescent-appearing mural cells were present in small arteries of all cases. cSVD cases exhibited a lower proportion of senescent-appearing cells and lower area fraction (AF%) of SAHF-positive nuclei compared to controls (p = 0.014, 0.016, respectively). cSVD severity and SI both correlated negatively with AF% (p = 0.013, 0.002, respectively). Mural cell density was lower (p < 0.001) and SI higher (p < 0.001) in cSVD, relative to controls. In conclusion, senescent myocyte-like cells were universal in penetrating arteries of an AD-free cohort aged 80 years and older. Senescent-appearing nuclei were more common in persons aged 80 years and older without cSVD compared to cSVD cases, indicating caution in senolytic drug prescribing. Myocyte senescence and cSVD may represent alternative vessel fates in the aging human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Norton
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Oxford-Radcliffe NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Leslie R Bridges
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Oxford-Radcliffe NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lawrence C Kenyon
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Oxford-Radcliffe NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Margaret M Esiri
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Oxford-Radcliffe NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Dorothy C Bennett
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Oxford-Radcliffe NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuropathology, Oxford-Radcliffe NHS Trust, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; and Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Ota T, Komiyama M. Pathogenesis of non-hereditary brain arteriovenous malformation and therapeutic implications. Interv Neuroradiol 2020; 26:244-253. [PMID: 32024399 DOI: 10.1177/1591019920901931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations have a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage, which is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations. Although a variety of genetic factors leading to hereditary brain arteriovenous malformations have been extensively investigated, their pathogenesis is still not well elucidated, especially in sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations. The authors have reviewed the updated data of not only the genetic aspects of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations, but also the architecture of microvasculature, the roles of the angiogenic factors, and the signaling pathways. This knowledge may allow us to infer the pathogenesis of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations and develop pre-emptive treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Komiyama
- Department of Neurointervention, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Zhong X, Kang J, Qiu J, Yang W, Wu J, Ji D, Yu Y, Ke W, Shi X, Wei Y. Developmental exposure to BDE-99 hinders cerebrovascular growth and disturbs vascular barrier formation in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 214:105224. [PMID: 31255847 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are distributed throughout the environment. Despite a moratorium on their use, concentrations of PBDEs in the atmosphere and in residential environments remain high due to their persistence. The environmental health risks remain concerning and one of the major adverse effects is neurodevelopmental toxicity. However, the early response and effects of PBDEs exposure on the developing brain remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impacts of 2,2',4,4',5-pentabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-99) on vascular growth and vascular barrier function with an emphasis on cerebral blood vessels, in the early life stages, using a zebrafish model. No general toxicity was observed in exposing zebrafish larvae to 0-0.5 μM BDE-99 at 72 hpf. BDE-99 exposure resulted in neither general toxicity nor pronounced developmental impairment in somatic blood vessels, including intersegmental vessels (ISV) and common cardinal veins (CCV). Meanwhile, both 0.05 μM and 0.5 μM of BDE-99 reduced cerebrovascular density as well as down-regulation of VEGFA and VEGFR2 in the head. In addition, BDE-99 exposure increased vascular leakage, both in cerebral and truncal vasculature at 72 hpf. The accentuated vascular permeability was observed in the head. The mRNA levels of genes encoding tight junction molecules decreased in the BDE-99-exposed larvae, and more robust reductions in Cldn5, Zo1 and Jam were detected in the head than in the trunk. Moreover, proinflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1 were induced, and the expression of neurodevelopment-related genes was suppressed in the head following BDE-99 exposure. Taken together, these results reveal that developmental exposure to BDE-99 impedes cerebrovascular growth and disturbs vascular barrier formation. The cerebral vasculature in developing zebrafish, a more sensitive target for BDE-99, may be a promising tool for the assessment of the early neurodevelopmental effects due to PBDEs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianmeng Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiahuang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Di Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuejin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weijian Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiongjie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Bochaton-Piallat ML, Bäck M. Novel concepts for the role of smooth muscle cells in vascular disease: towards a new smooth muscle cell classification. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:477-480. [PMID: 29408963 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet and Theme Heart and Vessels--Division of Coronary and Valvular Heart Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Huo R, Fu W, Li H, Jiao Y, Yan Z, Wang L, Wang J, Wang S, Cao Y, Zhao J. RNA Sequencing Reveals the Activation of Wnt Signaling in Low Flow Rate Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012746. [PMID: 31170876 PMCID: PMC6645621 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The blood flow rate of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) is an important clinical characteristic closely associated with the hemorrhage risk and radiosurgery obliteration rate of bAVMs. However, the underlying molecular properties remain unclear. To identify potential key molecules, signaling pathways, and vascular cell types involved, we compared gene expression profiles between bAVMs with high flow rates and low flow rates (LFR) and validated the functions of selected key molecules in vitro. Methods and Results We performed RNA‐sequencing analysis on 51 samples, including 14 high flow rate bAVMs and 37 LFR bAVMs. Functional pathway analysis was performed to identify potential signals influencing the flow rate phenotype of bAVMs. Candidate genes were investigated in bAVM specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Migration, tube formation, and proliferation assays were used to test the effects of candidate genes on the phenotypic properties of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human brain vascular smooth muscle cells. We identified 250 upregulated and 118 downregulated genes in LFR bAVMs compared with high flow rate bAVMs. Wnt signaling was activated in the LFR group via upregulation of FZD10 and MYOC. Immunohistochemical staining showed that vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells of LFR bAVMs exhibited increased FZD10 and MYOC expression. Experimentally elevating these genes promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cells and migration and tube formation by activating canonical Wnt signaling in vitro. Conclusions Our results suggest that canonical Wnt signaling mediated by FZD10 and MYOC is activated in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in LFR bAVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huo
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Weilun Fu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Hao Li
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Yuming Jiao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Zihan Yan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Linjian Wang
- 5 Savaid Medical School University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jie Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Shuo Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Yong Cao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.,2 China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China.,3 Center of Stroke Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing China.,4 Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease Beijing China.,5 Savaid Medical School University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Waldau B. Using miniature brain implants in rodents for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:379-386. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1577816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Waldau
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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38
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Blei F. Update April 2018. Lymphat Res Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2018.29040.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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