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Bafor EE, Erwin-Cohen RA, Martin T, Baker C, Kimmel AE, Duverger O, Fenimore JM, Ramba M, Spindel T, Hess MM, Sanford M, Lazarevic V, Benayoun BA, Young HA, Valencia JC. Aberrant CD8 +T cells drive reproductive dysfunction in female mice with elevated IFN-γ levels. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368572. [PMID: 38698852 PMCID: PMC11064017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is pivotal in orchestrating immune responses during healthy pregnancy. However, its dysregulation, often due to autoimmunity, infections, or chronic inflammatory conditions, is implicated in adverse reproductive outcomes such as pregnancy failure or infertility. Additionally, the underlying immunological mechanisms remain elusive. Methods Here, we explore the impact of systemic IFN-γ elevation on cytotoxic T cell responses in female reproduction utilizing a systemic lupus-prone mouse model with impaired IFN-γ degradation. Results Our findings reveal that heightened IFN-γ levels triggered the infiltration of CD8+T cells in the pituitary gland and female reproductive tract (FRT), resulting in prolactin deficiency and subsequent infertility. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chronic IFN-γ elevation increases effector memory CD8+T cells in the murine ovary and uterus. Discussion These insights broaden our understanding of the role of elevated IFN-γ in female reproductive dysfunction and suggest CD8+T cells as potential immunotherapeutic targets in female reproductive disorders associated with chronic systemic IFN-γ elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enitome E. Bafor
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Erwin-Cohen
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Toni Martin
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Clayton Baker
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Adrienne E. Kimmel
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Olivier Duverger
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John M. Fenimore
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Meredith Ramba
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Thea Spindel
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Megan M. Hess
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Michael Sanford
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Howard A. Young
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Julio C. Valencia
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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2
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Banks CM, Trott JF, Hovey RC. The prolactin receptor: A cross-species comparison of gene structure, transcriptional regulation, tissue-specificity, and genetic variation. J Neuroendocrinol 2024:e13385. [PMID: 38586906 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The conserved and multifaceted functions of prolactin (PRL) are coordinated through varied distribution and expression of its cell-surface receptor (PRLR) across a range of tissues and physiological states. The resultant heterogeneous expression of PRLR mRNA and protein across different organs and cell types supports a wide range of PRL-regulated processes including reproduction, lactation, development, and homeostasis. Genetic variation within the PRLR gene also accounts for several phenotypes impacting agricultural production and human pathology. The goal of this review is to highlight the many elements that control differential expression of the PRLR across tissues, and the various phenotypes that exist across species due to variation in the PRLR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Banks
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Josephine F Trott
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Stagkourakis S, Williams P, Spigolon G, Khanal S, Ziegler K, Heikkinen L, Fisone G, Broberger C. Maternal Aggression Driven by the Transient Mobilisation of a Dormant Hormone-Sensitive Circuit. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.02.526862. [PMID: 38585740 PMCID: PMC10996482 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.02.526862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Aggression, a sexually dimorphic behaviour, is prevalent in males and typically absent in virgin females. Following parturition, however, the transient expression of aggression in adult female mice protects pups from predators and infanticide by male conspecifics. While maternal hormones are known to elicit nursing, their potential role in maternal aggression remains elusive. Here, we show in mice that a molecularly defined subset of ventral premammillary (PMvDAT) neurons, instrumental for intermale aggression, switch from quiescence to a hyperexcitable state during lactation. We identify that the maternal hormones prolactin and oxytocin excite these cells through actions that include T-type Ca2+ channels. Optogenetic manipulation or genetic ablation of PMvDAT neurons profoundly affects maternal aggression, while activation of these neurons impairs the expression of non-aggression-related maternal behaviours. This work identifies a monomorphic neural substrate that can incorporate hormonal cues to enable the transient expression of a dormant behavioural program in lactating females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Stagkourakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B:4, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giada Spigolon
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B:4, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shreya Khanal
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B:4, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Ziegler
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B:4, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Heikkinen
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B:4, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B:4, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Broberger
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B:4, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Ivanova E, Hue-Beauvais C, Castille J, Laubier J, Le Guillou S, Aujean E, Lecardonnel J, Lebrun L, Jaffrezic F, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Péchoux C, Letheule M, Foucras G, Charlier M, Le Provost F. Mutation of SOCS2 induces structural and functional changes in mammary development. Development 2024; 151:dev202332. [PMID: 38391249 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Lactation is an essential process for mammals. In sheep, the R96C mutation in suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) protein is associated with greater milk production and increased mastitis sensitivity. To shed light on the involvement of R96C mutation in mammary gland development and lactation, we developed a mouse model carrying this mutation (SOCS2KI/KI). Mammary glands from virgin adult SOCS2KI/KI mice presented a branching defect and less epithelial tissue, which were not compensated for in later stages of mammary development. Mammary epithelial cell (MEC) subpopulations were modified, with mutated mice having three times as many basal cells, accompanied by a decrease in luminal cells. The SOCS2KI/KI mammary gland remained functional; however, MECs contained more lipid droplets versus fat globules, and milk lipid composition was modified. Moreover, the gene expression dynamic from virgin to pregnancy state resulted in the identification of about 3000 differentially expressed genes specific to SOCS2KI/KI or control mice. Our results show that SOCS2 is important for mammary gland development and milk production. In the long term, this finding raises the possibility of ensuring adequate milk production without compromising animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa Ivanova
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Cathy Hue-Beauvais
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Johan Castille
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Johann Laubier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Sandrine Le Guillou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Etienne Aujean
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Jerome Lecardonnel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Laura Lebrun
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Florence Jaffrezic
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - Christine Péchoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Martine Letheule
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse 31076, France
| | - Madia Charlier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - Fabienne Le Provost
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
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5
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Maseroli E, Verde N, Cipriani S, Rastrelli G, Alfaroli C, Ravelli SA, Costeniero D, Scairati R, Minnetti M, Petraglia F, Auriemma RS, Nappi RE, Maggi M, Vignozzi L. Low prolactin level identifies hypoactive sexual desire disorder women with a reduced inhibition profile. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:2481-2492. [PMID: 37204690 PMCID: PMC10632269 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data on the role of prolactin (PRL) in the physiologic range in the female sexual response are scanty. We aimed at investigating the association between PRL and sexual function as assessed by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). We explored the presence of a cut-off level of PRL able to identify Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD). METHODS 277 pre- and post-menopausal women consulting for Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) and sexually active were enrolled in an observational, retrospective study. 42 women were used as no-FSD controls. A clinical, biochemical and psychosexual evaluation was performed. The main outcome measures were: FSFI, Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised, Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire and Sexual excitation/sexual inhibition scale (SIS/SES). RESULTS Normo-PRL FSD women (n = 264) showed lower FSFI Desire score than controls (n = 42), and higher than hyper-PRL FSD women (n = 13). These differences emerged both in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal subjects. In the normo-PRL FSD group, those with PRL in the higher quintile reported higher FSFI Desire scores than those with PRL in the lowest quintile. Women with HSDD presented a lower PRL level than those without (p = 0.032). A ROC curve analysis for PRL showed an accuracy of 0.610 ± 0.044 (p = 0.014) in predicting HSDD. With a threshold of < 9.83 μg/L, sensitivity and specificity for HSDD were 63% and 56%, respectively. Subjects with PRL < 9.83 μg/L also reported lower sexual inhibition (p = 0.006) and lower cortisol levels (p = 0.003) than those with PRL > = 9.83 μg/L. CONCLUSIONS Hyper-PRL is associated with low desire; however, among normo-PRL FSD women, those with the lowest levels demonstrated a poorer desire than those with the highest levels. PRL < 9.83 μg/L predicted HSDD and a lower sexual inhibitory trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Maseroli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - N Verde
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - S Cipriani
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - G Rastrelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Alfaroli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - S A Ravelli
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - D Costeniero
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Scairati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - M Minnetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - F Petraglia
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R S Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Unità di Andrologia e Medicina della Riproduzione e della Sessualità Maschile e Femminile (FERTISEXCARES), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - R E Nappi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - L Vignozzi
- Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
- I.N.B.B. (Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi), Rome, Italy.
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6
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Li R, Yang Y, Lan H, Wang Y, Ge Z, Liu X, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Xian L, Yuan H. A Novel Mechanism of hPRL-G129R, a Prolactin Antagonist, Inhibits Human Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad158. [PMID: 37934803 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor, PRLR, are closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. hPRL-G129R, an hPRLR antagonist, has been found to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells via mechanisms currently unknown. Recent studies have indicated that PRLR exhibits dual functions based on its membrane/nucleus localization. In that context, we speculated whether hPRL-G129R is a dual-function antagonist. We studied the internalization of the hPRLR-G129R/PRLR complex using indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. We found that hPRL-G129R not only inhibited PRLR-mediated intracellular signaling at the plasma membrane, but also blocked nuclear localization of the receptor in T-47D and MCF-7 cells in a time-dependent manner. Clone formation and transwell migration assays showed that hPRL-G129R inhibited PRL-driven proliferation and migration of tumor cells in vitro. Further, we found that increasing concentrations of hPRL-G129R inhibited the nuclear localization of PRLR and the levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5 in tumor-bearing mice and hPRL-G129R also exerted an antiproliferative effect in vivo. These results indicate that hPRL-G129R is indeed a dual-function antagonist. This study lays a foundation for exploring and developing highly effective agents against the proliferation and progression of breast malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Li
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zihan Ge
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xingjie Liu
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Li Xian
- Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Hongxuan Yuan
- College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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7
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Gao Q, Xie W, Lu W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Han Y, Weng Q. Seasonal patterns of prolactin, prolactin receptor, and STAT5 expression in the ovaries of wild ground squirrels (<em>Citellus dauricus</em> Brandt). Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3825. [PMID: 37781865 PMCID: PMC10614723 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL) is a hormone crucial for normal reproduction, functioning as an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factor. This study aimed to examine the immunolocalization and expression patterns of PRL, prolactin receptor (PRLR), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in the ovaries of wild ground squirrels during both breeding and non-breeding periods. Significant seasonal variations were observed in ovarian weights, with higher values during the breeding season and relatively lower values during the nonbreeding season. PRL, PRLR, STAT5, and p-STAT5 were immunolocalized in granulosa cells and luteal cells during the breeding season, whereas they were exclusively found in granulosa cells during the non-breeding season. The mRNA expression levels of Prl, Prlr, and Stat5 were increased in ovarian tissues during the breeding season compared to the non-breeding season. Moreover, the mean mRNA levels of Prl, Prlr, and Stat5 exhibited a positive correlation with ovarian weights. Both circulating PRL and ovarian PRL concentrations were significantly elevated during the breeding season. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of ovarian tissues revealed differentially expressed genes possibly associated with ovarian function and mammary gland development, including ovarian follicle development, steroid synthesis, and regulation of reproductive process. These findings suggest that PRL might play an essential endocrine, autocrine, or paracrine role in the regulation of seasonal changes in the ovarian functions in wild ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjing Gao
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Wenqian Xie
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Wenjing Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Yuning Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Qiang Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
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8
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Lee HK, Willi M, Liu C, Hennighausen L. Cell-specific and shared regulatory elements control a multigene locus active in mammary and salivary glands. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4992. [PMID: 37591874 PMCID: PMC10435465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of high-density loci harboring genes with different cell-specificities remains a puzzle. Here we investigate a locus that evolved through gene duplication and contains eight genes and 20 candidate regulatory elements, including one super-enhancer. Casein genes (Csn1s1, Csn2, Csn1s2a, Csn1s2b, Csn3) are expressed in mammary glands, induced 10,000-fold during pregnancy and account for 50% of mRNAs during lactation, Prr27 and Fdcsp are salivary-specific and Odam has dual specificity. We probed the function of 12 candidate regulatory elements, individually and in combination, in the mouse genome. The super-enhancer is essential for the expression of Csn3, Csn1s2b, Odam and Fdcsp but largely dispensable for Csn1s1, Csn2 and Csn1s2a. Csn3 activation also requires its own local enhancer. Synergism between local enhancers and cytokine-responsive promoter elements facilitates activation of Csn2 during pregnancy. Our work identifies the regulatory complexity of a multigene locus with an ancestral super-enhancer active in mammary and salivary tissue and local enhancers and promoter elements unique to mammary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lee
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
| | - Michaela Willi
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Section of Genetics and Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA.
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9
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Luzardo-Ocampo I, Ocampo-Ruiz AL, Dena-Beltrán JL, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C, Macotela Y. The Diversity of Gut Microbiota at Weaning Is Altered in Prolactin Receptor-Null Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3447. [PMID: 37571383 PMCID: PMC10420910 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal milk supports offspring development by providing microbiota, macronutrients, micronutrients, immune factors, and hormones. The hormone prolactin (PRL) is an important milk component with protective effects against metabolic diseases. Because maternal milk regulates microbiota composition and adequate microbiota protect against the development of metabolic diseases, we aimed to investigate whether PRL/PRL receptor signaling regulates gut microbiota composition in newborn mice at weaning. 16SrRNA sequencing of feces and bioinformatics analysis was performed to evaluate gut microbiota in PRL receptor-null mice (Prlr-KO) at weaning (postnatal day 21). The normalized colon and cecal weights were higher and lower, respectively, in the Prlr-KO mice relative to the wild-type mice (Prlr-WT). Relative abundances (Simpson Evenness Index), phylogenetic diversity, and bacterial concentrations were lower in the Prlr-KO mice. Eleven bacteria species out of 470 differed between the Prlr-KO and Prlr-WT mice, with two genera (Anaerotruncus and Lachnospiraceae) related to metabolic disease development being the most common in the Prlr-KO mice. A higher metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides was predicted in the Prlr-KO mice compared to the Prlr-WT mice, and these metabolites had antimicrobial properties and were present in microbe-associated pathogenicity. We concluded that the absence of the PRL receptor altered gut microbiota, resulting in lower abundance and richness, which could contribute to metabolic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (I.L.-O.); (A.L.O.-R.); (J.L.D.-B.); (G.M.d.l.E.); (C.C.)
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10
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Flores-Espinosa P, Méndez I, Irles C, Olmos-Ortiz A, Helguera-Repetto C, Mancilla-Herrera I, Ortuño-Sahagún D, Goffin V, Zaga-Clavellina V. Immunomodulatory role of decidual prolactin on the human fetal membranes and placenta. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212736. [PMID: 37359537 PMCID: PMC10288977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The close interaction between fetal and maternal cells during pregnancy requires multiple immune-endocrine mechanisms to provide the fetus with a tolerogenic environment and protection against any infectious challenge. The fetal membranes and placenta create a hyperprolactinemic milieu in which prolactin (PRL) synthesized by the maternal decidua is transported through the amnion-chorion and accumulated into the amniotic cavity, where the fetus is bedded in high concentrations during pregnancy. PRL is a pleiotropic immune-neuroendocrine hormone with multiple immunomodulatory functions mainly related to reproduction. However, the biological role of PRL at the maternal-fetal interface has yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we have summarized the current information on the multiple effects of PRL, focusing on its immunological effects and biological significance for the immune privilege of the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Flores-Espinosa
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isabel Méndez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Claudine Irles
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U978, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine (SMBH), Bobigny, France
| | - Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S1151, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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11
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Mao Y, Yang H, Ma X, Wang C, Zhang L, Cui Y. Prolactin regulates RANKL expression via signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a signaling in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:920-928. [PMID: 36651326 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Receptor of activated nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is regulated by prolactin in the mammary gland. However, the intrinsic molecular mechanism is not well understood. Herein, mammary epithelial cells (MECs) of dairy cows were isolated to characterize the molecular mechanism of prolactin in vitro. We demonstrated that prolactin stimulation increased the expression of RANKL in MECs. Moreover, the expression of RANKL induced by prolactin was inhibited by the prolactin receptor or signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5a) knockdown. Furthermore, prolactin markedly increased RANKL-Luciferase reporter activity in MECs. We identified a putative gamma-interferon activated site (GAS) in the region between residues -883 to -239 bp of the RANKL promoter. Subsequently, we found that the mutated GAS sequence failed to respond to prolactin stimulation. In addition, STAT5a knockdown markedly decreased prolactin-stimulated RANKL promoter activity. Western blot results revealed that RANKL overexpression markedly decreased the STAT5a phosphorylation level in MECs. These findings indicate that prolactin could regulate RANKL promoter activity via STAT5a, contributing to increased RANKL expression in MECs. RANKL may have a negative regulatory effect on STAT5a activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Mao
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaocong Ma
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjun Cui
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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12
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Luzardo-Ocampo I, Dena-Beltrán JL, Ruiz-Herrera X, Ocampo-Ruiz AL, Martínez de la Escalera G, Clapp C, Macotela Y. Obesity-derived alterations in the lactating mammary gland: Focus on prolactin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 559:111810. [PMID: 36374835 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a modern pandemic with negative consequences in women's reproductive health. Women with overweight and obesity can develop mammary gland alterations that unable exclusive breastfeeding. Obesity associates with a disturbed lactating mammary gland endocrine environment including a decreased action of the hormone prolactin (PRL), the master regulator of lactation. The PRL receptor and the action of PRL are reduced in the mammary gland of lactating rodents fed an obesogenic diet and are contributing factors to impaired lactation in obesity. Also, treatment with PRL improves milk yield in women with lactation insufficiency. This review focuses on the impact of diet-induced obesity in the lactating mammary gland and how obesity impairs the lactogenic action of PRL. Although obesity alters lactation performance in humans and rodents, the responsible mechanisms have been mainly addressed in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - José L Dena-Beltrán
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Xarubet Ruiz-Herrera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ana Luisa Ocampo-Ruiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
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13
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Melmed S, Kaiser UB, Lopes MB, Bertherat J, Syro LV, Raverot G, Reincke M, Johannsson G, Beckers A, Fleseriu M, Giustina A, Wass JAH, Ho KKY. Clinical Biology of the Pituitary Adenoma. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:1003-1037. [PMID: 35395078 PMCID: PMC9695123 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All endocrine glands are susceptible to neoplastic growth, yet the health consequences of these neoplasms differ between endocrine tissues. Pituitary neoplasms are highly prevalent and overwhelmingly benign, exhibiting a spectrum of diverse behaviors and impact on health. To understand the clinical biology of these common yet often innocuous neoplasms, we review pituitary physiology and adenoma epidemiology, pathophysiology, behavior, and clinical consequences. The anterior pituitary develops in response to a range of complex brain signals integrating with intrinsic ectodermal cell transcriptional events that together determine gland growth, cell type differentiation, and hormonal production, in turn maintaining optimal endocrine health. Pituitary adenomas occur in 10% of the population; however, the overwhelming majority remain harmless during life. Triggered by somatic or germline mutations, disease-causing adenomas manifest pathogenic mechanisms that disrupt intrapituitary signaling to promote benign cell proliferation associated with chromosomal instability. Cellular senescence acts as a mechanistic buffer protecting against malignant transformation, an extremely rare event. It is estimated that fewer than one-thousandth of all pituitary adenomas cause clinically significant disease. Adenomas variably and adversely affect morbidity and mortality depending on cell type, hormone secretory activity, and growth behavior. For most clinically apparent adenomas, multimodal therapy controlling hormone secretion and adenoma growth lead to improved quality of life and normalized mortality. The clinical biology of pituitary adenomas, and particularly their benign nature, stands in marked contrast to other tumors of the endocrine system, such as thyroid and neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Beatriz Lopes
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome Bertherat
- Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luis V Syro
- Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe and Clinica Medellin - Grupo Quirónsalud, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gerald Raverot
- Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Reincke
- University Hospital of LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital & Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Andrea Giustina
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ken K Y Ho
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St. Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Abstract
Invasive rodents are a major cause of environmental damage and biodiversity loss, particularly on islands. Unlike insects, genetic biocontrol strategies including population-suppressing gene drives with biased inheritance have not been developed in mice. Here, we demonstrate a gene drive strategy (tCRISPR) that leverages super-Mendelian transmission of the t haplotype to spread inactivating mutations in a haplosufficient female fertility gene (Prl). Using spatially explicit individual-based in silico modeling, we show that tCRISPR can eradicate island populations under a range of realistic field-based parameter values. We also engineer transgenic tCRISPR mice that, crucially, exhibit biased transmission of the modified t haplotype and Prl mutations at levels our modeling predicts would be sufficient for eradication. This is an example of a feasible gene drive system for invasive alien rodent population control.
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15
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Han Q, Yan X, Ye Y, Han L, Ma X, Wang T, Cao D, Zhang WJ. ZBTB20 Regulates Prolactin Expression and Lactotrope Function in Adult Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6775161. [PMID: 36288554 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactotropes are prolactin (PRL)-secreting endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary. We have established the zinc finger protein ZBTB20 as an essential transcription factor for lactotrope specification, the disruption of which results in complete loss of lactotropes in mice. However, the potential role of ZBTB20 in mature lactotropes remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that ZBTB20 acts as a critical cell-autonomous regulator for PRL expression in mature lactotropes in adult mice. Via a CRISPR/Cas9 approach, we first generated a tamoxifen-inducible Prl-CreER knockin mouse line that could efficiently mediate gene recombination specifically in lactotropes. Conditional deletion of the Zbtb20 gene specifically in mature lactotropes at adulthood led to a substantial decrease in PRL levels both in the pituitary and in plasma, without significant alterations of lactotrope relative density in the pituitary from male or female mice. Furthermore, conditional disruption of Zbtb20 in adult female mice did not significantly change pregnancy-elicited lactotrope expansion, but caused an impaired mammary gland expansion and lactation due to the PRL defect. Thus, our data point to an important role of ZBTB20 in regulating PRL expression and lactotrope function at adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuede Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yufei Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Linhui Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianhua Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiping J Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
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Mammary-Enriched Transcription Factors Synergize to Activate the Wap Super-Enhancer for Mammary Gland Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911680. [PMID: 36232979 PMCID: PMC9569684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers are large clusters of enhancers critical for cell-type-specific development. In a previous study, 440 mammary-specific super-enhancers, highly enriched for an active enhancer mark H3K27ac; a mediator MED1; and the mammary-enriched transcription factors ELF5, NFIB, STAT5A, and GR, were identified in the genome of the mammary epithelium of lactating mice. However, the triggering mechanism for mammary-specific super-enhancers and the molecular interactions between key transcription factors have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigated in vivo protein-protein interactions between major transcription factors that activate mammary-specific super-enhancers. In mammary epithelial cells, ELF5 strongly interacted with NFIB while weakly interacting with STAT5A, and it showed modest interactions with MED1 and GR, a pattern unlike that in non-mammary cells. We further investigated the role of key transcription factors in the initial activation of the mammary-specific Wap super-enhancer, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to introduce single or combined mutations at transcription factor binding sites in the pioneer enhancer of the Wap super-enhancer in mice. ELF5 and STAT5A played key roles in igniting Wap super-enhancer activity, but an intact transcription factor complex was required for the full function of the super-enhancer. Our study demonstrates that mammary-enriched transcription factors within a protein complex interact with different intensities and synergize to activate the Wap super-enhancer. These findings provide an important framework for understanding the regulation of cell-type-specific development.
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17
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Roach CM, Bidne KL, Romoser MR, Ross JW, Baumgard LH, Keating AF. Impact of heat stress on prolactin-mediated ovarian JAK-STAT signaling in postpubertal gilts. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620801. [PMID: 35772766 PMCID: PMC9246670 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) compromises almost every aspect of animal agriculture including reproduction. In pigs, this infecundity is referred to as seasonal infertility (SI), a phenotype including ovarian dysfunction. In multiple species, HS-induced hyperprolactinemia has been described; hence, our study objectives were to characterize and compare HS effects on circulating prolactin (PRL) and ovarian Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling during the follicular (FOL) or luteal (LUT) phases of the estrous cycle in postpubertal gilts. Gilts were estrus synchronized using altrenogest and environmental treatments began immediately after altrenogest withdrawal. For the FOL study: postpubertal gilts were allocated to constant thermoneutral (TN; n = 6; 20 ± 1.2 °C) or cyclical HS (n = 6; 25 to 32 ± 1.2 °C) conditions for 5 d. In the LUT study: postpubertal gilts were assigned to either TN (n = 7; 20 ± 2.6 °C) or cyclical HS (n = 7; 32 to 35 ± 2.6 °C) conditions from 2 to 12 days postestrus (dpe). Blood was collected by jugular venipuncture for PRL quantification on day 5 in the FOL and on day 0 and day 12 in the LUT gilts. Ovaries and corpora lutea (CL) were obtained from euthanized FOL and LUT gilts on day 5 and day 12, respectively. Western blotting was performed to quantify prolactin receptor (PRLR) and JAK/STAT pathway protein abundance. In the FOL phase, no difference (P = 0.20) in circulating PRL between thermal groups was observed. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.34) of HS on PRLR, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5α (STAT5α), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription α/β tyrosine 694/699 (pSTAT5α/βTyr694/699) abundance and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), phosphorylated janus kinase 2 tyrosine 1007/1008 (pJAK2Tyr1007/1008), STAT1, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 tyrosine 701 (pSTAT1Tyr701), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 serine 727 (pSTAT1Ser727), and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 tyrosine 705 (pSTAT3Tyr705) were undetectable in FOL gilt ovaries. Ovarian pSTAT5α/βTyr694/699 abundance tended to moderately increase (4%; P = 0.07) in FOL gilts by HS. In the LUT phase, circulating PRL increased progressively from 2 to 12 dpe, but no thermal treatment-induced difference (P = 0.37) was noted. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.16) of HS on CL abundance of PRLR, pJAK2Tyr1007/1008, JAK2, STAT1, pSTAT1Tyr701, pSTAT1Ser727, pSTAT3Tyr705, STAT5α, or pSTAT5α/βTyr694/699. In LUT phase, CL STAT3 abundance was increased (11%; P < 0.03) by HS. There was no impact of HS (P ≥ 0.76) on levels of pJAK2Tyr1007/1008 and pSTAT5α/βTyr694/699 in LUT gilts; however, the CL pSTAT3Tyr705:STAT3 ratio tended to be decreased (P = 0.10) due to HS. These results indicate an HS-induced estrous cycle-stage-dependent effect on the ovarian JAK/STAT pathway, establishing a potential role for this signaling pathway as a potential contributor to SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Roach
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Katie L Bidne
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew R Romoser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jason W Ross
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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18
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Jüngert K, Paulsen F, Jacobi C, Horwath-Winter J, Garreis F. Prolactin Inducible Protein, but Not Prolactin, Is Present in Human Tears, Is Involved in Tear Film Quality, and Influences Evaporative Dry Eye Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:892831. [PMID: 35847789 PMCID: PMC9279896 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.892831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Decreased production of the aqueous component of the tear film is an important cause of the development of dry eye disease (DED). Tear production is influenced by hormones and hormone-like factors. Prolactin (PLR), a multifunctional pituitary gland hormone, is regularly present in the lacrimal gland of rats and rabbits. In humans, serum PLR concentration correlates with tear quality. To gain deeper insights of possible effects of PRL, prolactin receptor (PRLR) and prolactin inducible protein (PIP), we analyzed the three proteins in the human lacrimal apparatus and in reflex tears of healthy volunteers as well as patients suffering from DED. Methods Gene expression of PRLR and PIP was analyzed by RT-PCR in cadaveric human lacrimal gland and ocular surface tissues, immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCE and hTEPI) and human Meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs). At the protein level, the expression and localization of PRL, PRLR and PIP in formalin-fixed paraffin sections of the lacrimal apparatus were studied by immunohistochemistry. In addition, tear fluid from DED patients and healthy volunteers was analyzed by ELISA to determine the concentration of PRL and PIP. Results RT-PCR analyses revealed gene expression of PRLR and PIP in human tissue samples of cornea, lacrimal glands, and eyelids, whereas only PIP, but not PRLR, was detectable in immortalized corneal epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed for the first time the expression and localization of PRL, PRLR, and PIP in human tissues of the lacrimal apparatus and at the ocular surface. PRL and PRLR were detectable in corneal epithelium, lacrimal glands, and Meibomian glands. Reflex tears from DED patients revealed significantly increased PIP concentrations, whereas PRL was undetectable in tears of DED patients and healthy volunteers. Conclusion PRL, PRLR, and PIP are found in the lacrimal apparatus and on the ocular surface. PIP, but not PRL, is present in human tears and appears to be involved in the physiology of tear film quality. Our clinical data revealed that PIP may affect tear quality, but further functional analyses are needed to fully elucidate the effects of PRL and PIP-associated factors in tear secretion as well as in the connection of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jüngert
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Paulsen
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Jacobi
- Eyes and Skin Practice Dr. Jacobi, Nürnberg, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Fabian Garreis
- Department of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Fabian Garreis
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19
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Rana M, Jain S, Choubey P. Prolactin and its significance in the placenta. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:209-219. [PMID: 35545690 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin, a pituitary hormone that was discovered about 80 years ago and is primarily known for its functions in mammary gland development and lactation, is now known to participate in numerous functions across different phylogenetic groups. Fundamentally known for its secretion from lactotroph cells in adenohypophysis region of pituitary gland, newer studies have demonstrated a number of extrapituitary sites which secrete prolactin, where it acts in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner to regulate essential physiological and biochemical processes. These sites include lymphocytes, epithelial cells of lactating mammary glands, breast cancer cells of epithelial origin, and the placenta. The placenta is one of the most important organs secreting prolactin; however, its role in placental biology has not to date been reviewed comprehensively. This review elaborates upon the various facets of prolactin hormone, including prolactin production and its post-translational modifications and signaling. Major emphasis is placed on placental prolactin and its potential roles, ranging from the role of prolactin in angiogenesis, preeclampsia, maternal diabetes, and anti-apoptosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India.
| | - Sidhant Jain
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pooja Choubey
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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20
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The Mammary Gland: Basic Structure and Molecular Signaling during Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073883. [PMID: 35409243 PMCID: PMC8998991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a compound, branched tubuloalveolar structure and a major characteristic of mammals. The mammary gland has evolved from epidermal apocrine glands, the skin glands as an accessory reproductive organ to support postnatal survival of offspring by producing milk as a source of nutrition. The mammary gland development begins during embryogenesis as a rudimentary structure that grows into an elementary branched ductal tree and is embedded in one end of a larger mammary fat pad at birth. At the onset of ovarian function at puberty, the rudimentary ductal system undergoes dramatic morphogenetic change with ductal elongation and branching. During pregnancy, the alveolar differentiation and tertiary branching are completed, and during lactation, the mature milk-producing glands eventually develop. The early stages of mammary development are hormonal independent, whereas during puberty and pregnancy, mammary gland development is hormonal dependent. We highlight the current understanding of molecular regulators involved during different stages of mammary gland development.
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21
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Qian Y, Berryman DE, Basu R, List EO, Okada S, Young JA, Jensen EA, Bell SRC, Kulkarni P, Duran-Ortiz S, Mora-Criollo P, Mathes SC, Brittain AL, Buchman M, Davis E, Funk KR, Bogart J, Ibarra D, Mendez-Gibson I, Slyby J, Terry J, Kopchick JJ. Mice with gene alterations in the GH and IGF family. Pituitary 2022; 25:1-51. [PMID: 34797529 PMCID: PMC8603657 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-021-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Much of our understanding of GH's action stems from animal models and the generation and characterization of genetically altered or modified mice. Manipulation of genes in the GH/IGF1 family in animals started in 1982 when the first GH transgenic mice were produced. Since then, multiple laboratories have altered mouse DNA to globally disrupt Gh, Ghr, and other genes upstream or downstream of GH or its receptor. The ability to stay current with the various genetically manipulated mouse lines within the realm of GH/IGF1 research has been daunting. As such, this review attempts to consolidate and summarize the literature related to the initial characterization of many of the known gene-manipulated mice relating to the actions of GH, PRL and IGF1. We have organized the mouse lines by modifications made to constituents of the GH/IGF1 family either upstream or downstream of GHR or to the GHR itself. Available data on the effect of altered gene expression on growth, GH/IGF1 levels, body composition, reproduction, diabetes, metabolism, cancer, and aging are summarized. For the ease of finding this information, key words are highlighted in bold throughout the main text for each mouse line and this information is summarized in Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most importantly, the collective data derived from and reported for these mice have enhanced our understanding of GH action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Qian
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Darlene E Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan A Young
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jensen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R C Bell
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Prateek Kulkarni
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Patricia Mora-Criollo
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Samuel C Mathes
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Mat Buchman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Emily Davis
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kevin R Funk
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Jolie Bogart
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Diego Ibarra
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Isaac Mendez-Gibson
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Julie Slyby
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Terry
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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Rossetti CL, Cazarin J, Hecht F, Beltrão FEDL, Ferreira ACF, Fortunato RS, Ramos HE, de Carvalho DP. COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1041676. [PMID: 36601011 PMCID: PMC9806267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1041676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was characterized as a pandemic in March, 2020 by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is a respiratory syndrome that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction, and eventually death. Despite being considered a respiratory disease, it is known that other organs and systems can be affected in COVID-19, including the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland, as well as hypothalamus and pituitary, which regulate the functioning of most endocrine glands, express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main protein that functions as a receptor to which SARS-CoV-2 binds to enter host cells. In addition, thyroid gland is extremely sensitive to changes in body homeostasis and metabolism. Immune system cells are targets for thyroid hormones and T3 and T4 modulate specific immune responses, including cell-mediated immunity, natural killer cell activity, the antiviral action of interferon (IFN) and proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes. However, studies show that patients with controlled hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism do not have a higher prevalence of COVID-19, nor do they have a worse prognosis when infected with the virus. On the other hand, retrospective observational studies, prospective studies, and case reports published in the last two years reported abnormal thyroid function related to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection or even several weeks after its resolution. Indeed, a variety of thyroid disorders have been documented in COVID-19 patients, including non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS), subacute thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis. In addition, thyroid disease has already been reported as a consequence of the administration of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, the data revealed that abnormal thyroid function may occur during and in the convalescence post-COVID condition phase. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood, the evidence suggests that the "cytokine storm" is an important mediator in this context. Thus, future studies are needed to better investigate the pathophysiology of thyroid dysfunction induced by COVID-19 at both molecular and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cazarin
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Hecht
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabyan Esberard de Lima Beltrão
- Postgraduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Andrea Cláudia Freitas Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Department of Biorregulation, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Helton Estrela Ramos,
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Ali S, Hamam D, Liu X, Lebrun JJ. Terminal differentiation and anti-tumorigenic effects of prolactin in breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:993570. [PMID: 36157462 PMCID: PMC9499354 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.993570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major disease affecting women worldwide. A woman has 1 in 8 lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, and morbidity and mortality due to this disease are expected to continue to rise globally. Breast cancer remains a challenging disease due to its heterogeneity, propensity for recurrence and metastasis to distant vital organs including bones, lungs, liver and brain ultimately leading to patient death. Despite the development of various therapeutic strategies to treat breast cancer, still there are no effective treatments once metastasis has occurred. Loss of differentiation and increased cellular plasticity and stemness are being recognized molecularly and clinically as major derivers of heterogeneity, tumor evolution, relapse, metastasis, and therapeutic failure. In solid tumors, breast cancer is one of the leading cancer types in which tumor differentiation state has long been known to influence cancer behavior. Reprograming and/or restoring differentiation of cancer cells has been proposed to provide a viable approach to reverse the cancer through differentiation and terminal maturation. The hormone prolactin (PRL) is known to play a critical role in mammary gland lobuloalveolar development/remodeling and the terminal differentiation of the mammary epithelial cells promoting milk proteins gene expression and lactation. Here, we will highlight recent discoveries supporting an anti-tumorigenic role for PRL in breast cancer as a "pro/forward-differentiation" pathway restricting plasticity, stemness and tumorigenesis.
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24
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Uterine Notch2 facilitates pregnancy recognition and corpus luteum maintenance via upregulating decidual Prl8a2. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009786. [PMID: 34460816 PMCID: PMC8432799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maternal recognition of pregnancy is a necessary prerequisite for gestation maintenance through prolonging the corpus luteum lifespan and ensuring progesterone production. In addition to pituitary prolactin and placental lactogens, decidual derived prolactin family members have been presumed to possess luteotropic effect. However, there was a lack of convincing evidence to support this hypothesis. Here, we unveiled an essential role of uterine Notch2 in pregnancy recognition and corpus luteum maintenance. Uterine-specific deletion of Notch2 did not affect female fertility. Nevertheless, the expression of decidual Prl8a2, a member of the prolactin family, was downregulated due to Notch2 ablation. Subsequently, we interrupted pituitary prolactin function to determine the luteotropic role of the decidua by employing the lipopolysaccharide-induced prolactin resistance model, or blocking the prolactin signaling by prolactin receptor-Fc fusion protein, or repressing pituitary prolactin release by dopamine receptor agonist bromocriptine, and found that Notch2-deficient females were more sensitive to these stresses and ended up in pregnancy loss resulting from abnormal corpus luteum function and insufficient serum progesterone level. Overexpression of Prl8a2 in Notch2 knockout mice rescued lipopolysaccharide-induced abortion, highlighting its luteotropic function. Further investigation adopting Rbpj knockout and DNMAML overexpression mouse models along with chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase analysis confirmed that Prl8a2 was regulated by the canonical Notch signaling. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that decidual prolactin members, under the control of uterine Notch signaling, assisted pituitary prolactin to sustain corpus luteum function and serum progesterone level during post-implantation phase, which was conducive to pregnancy recognition and maintenance. Progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum in the ovary is indispensable to pregnancy maintenance in both rodents and humans. Therefore, prolonged corpus luteum lifespan and sustainable progesterone production is a prerequisite for a successful pregnancy. In rodents, in addition to pituitary prolactin and placental lactogens, decidual derived factors have been presumed to possess luteotropic effects during the post-implantation stage. In this study, utilizing a mouse model with uterine specific deletion of Notch2, which displayed decreased level of decidual prolactin member Prl8a2, combined with multiple approaches to interrupt the pituitary prolactin signal, we demonstrated that decidual derived Prl8a2 assisted pituitary prolactin to sustain corpus luteum function and serum progesterone level during post-implantation phase, which was conducive to pregnancy recognition and maintenance. In addition, the expression of decidual Prl8a2 was under the direct control of the canonical Notch pathway. Together, we herein provide convincing evidence that decidual produced Prl8a2, modulated by uterine canonical Notch signaling, exhibits luteotropic functions and contributes to pregnancy maintenance.
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25
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Moriwaki M, Welt CK. PRL Mutation Causing Alactogenesis: Insights Into Prolactin Structure and Function Relationships. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3021-e3026. [PMID: 33770166 PMCID: PMC8277218 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Isolated prolactin deficiency is a rare disorder manifesting as absence of puerperal lactation. We identified a 2-generation family with 3 women experiencing alactogenesis. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized a heterozygous genetic mutation. METHODS This was a family-based study. Two generations of women (proband, sister, and niece) with puerperal alactogenesis and one control were studied. Prolactin levels in the 3 women ranged from 0.618 to 1.4 ng/mL (range, 2.8-29.2 ng/mL). All the women had regular menstrual cycles during their reproductive years. The niece required fertility treatment to become pregnant and the proband and sister underwent menopause before age 45 years. Prolactin gene (PRL) exons 1 to 5 were sequenced. We sought a heterozygous, deleterious gene variant with functional consequences. RESULTS We identified a heterozygous mutation (c.658C > T) changing CGA to TGA (p.Arg220Ter) in exon 5 of the prolactin gene. Transfection of PRL containing the stop gain mutation resulted in similar intracellular prolactin levels compared to PRL wild type, but little detectable immunoactive or bioactive prolactin in conditioned medium. Prolactin secretion was also impaired by a PRL stop gain mutation deleting both of the terminal cysteine amino acids (c.652A > T; p.Lys218Ter). CONCLUSION This is the first report of a PRL mutation causing familial prolactin deficiency and alactogenesis. The loss of the terminal cysteine resulted in failure of prolactin secretion. Secretion was not rescued by deleting the penultimate cysteine, with which it forms a disulfide bond. These data suggest that the PRL C terminal is critical for protein secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Moriwaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Corrine K Welt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Correspondence: Corrine K. Welt, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, 15 N 2030 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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26
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Woock AE, Grible JM, Olex AL, Harrell JC, Zot P, Idowu M, Clevenger CV. Serine residues 726 and 780 have nonredundant roles regulating STAT5a activity in luminal breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13506. [PMID: 34188118 PMCID: PMC8242097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, prolactin-induced activation of the transcription factor STAT5a results from the phosphorylation of STAT5a tyrosine residue 694. However, its role in mammary oncogenesis remains an unsettled debate as STAT5a exhibits functional dichotomy with both pro-differentiative and pro-proliferative target genes. Phosphorylation of STAT5a serine residues, S726 and S780, may regulate STAT5a in such a way to underlie this duality. Given hematopoiesis studies showing phospho-serine STAT5a as necessary for transformation, we hypothesized that serine phosphorylation regulates STAT5a activity to contribute to its role in mammary oncogenesis, specifically in luminal breast cancer. Here, phosphorylation of S726-, S780-, and Y694-STAT5a in response to prolactin in MCF7 luminal breast cancer cells was investigated with STAT5a knockdown and rescue with Y694F-, S726A-, or S780A-STAT5a, where the phospho-sites were mutated. RNA-sequencing and subsequent Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted that loss of each phospho-site differentially affected both prolactin-induced gene expression as well as functional pathways of breast cancer (e.g. cell survival, proliferation, and colony formation). In vitro studies of anchorage-independent growth and proliferation confirmed distinct phenotypes: whereas S780A-STAT5a decreased clonogenicity, S726A-STAT5a decreased proliferation in response to prolactin compared to wild type STAT5a. Collectively, these studies provide novel insights into STAT5a activation in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E Woock
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Sanger 4-006A, Richmond, VA, 23298-06629, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Grible
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Sanger 4-006A, Richmond, VA, 23298-06629, USA
| | - Amy L Olex
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Sanger 4-006A, Richmond, VA, 23298-06629, USA
| | - Patricija Zot
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Sanger 4-006A, Richmond, VA, 23298-06629, USA
| | - Michael Idowu
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Sanger 4-006A, Richmond, VA, 23298-06629, USA
| | - Charles V Clevenger
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall St, Sanger 4-006A, Richmond, VA, 23298-06629, USA.
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27
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Kobayashi K, Yamamoto K, Kikuyama S, Tanaami Y, Machida T, Kobayashi T. Delayed Postnatal Growth and Anterior Pituitary Development in Growth-Retarded ( grt) Female Mice. Zoolog Sci 2021; 38:238-246. [PMID: 34057348 DOI: 10.2108/zs200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth-retarded (grt) mice display primary congenital hypothyroidism due to the hyporesponsiveness of their thyroid glands to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We examined somatic growth, anterior pituitary development, and hormonal profiles in female grt mice and normal ones. Although growth in grt females was suppressed 2 weeks after birth, the measured growth parameters and organ weights gradually increased and finally reached close to the normal levels. Grt mice exhibited delayed eye and vaginal openings and remained in a state of persistent diestrus thereafter, plasma estrogen levels being lower than those in normal mice. Grt mice that received normal-donor thyroids showed accelerated growth and their body weights increased up to the sham-normal levels, indicating the importance of early thyroid hormone supplementation. In the anterior pituitary, there were fewer growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) cells in grt mice than in normal mice as examined at 12 weeks after birth, but the numbers of these cells did not differ from those in normal mice after 24 weeks. Grt mice had more TSH cells than normal mice until 48 weeks. Plasma GH levels in grt mice were lower than those in normal mice at 2 weeks, but did not differ substantially after 5 weeks. Compared with normal mice, grt mice had significantly lower plasma PRL and thyroxine levels, but notably higher TSH levels until 48 weeks. These findings indicate that thyroid hormone deficiency in grt mice causes delayed development and growth, and inappropriate development of GH, PRL and TSH cells, followed by the abnormal secretion of hormones by these pituitary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kobayashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan, .,National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Sakae Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Tanaami
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takeo Machida
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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28
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Li D, San M, Zhang J, Yang A, Xie W, Chen Y, Lu X, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Feng X, Zheng Y. Oxytocin receptor induces mammary tumorigenesis through prolactin/p-STAT5 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:588. [PMID: 34099636 PMCID: PMC8184747 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is involved in social behaviors, thermoregulation, and milk ejection, yet little is known about its role in breast cancer. To investigate the role of OXTR in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis, a transgenic mouse model of OXTR overexpression (++Oxtr) was used. Overexpression of OXTR-induced progressive mammary hyperplasia, unexpected milk production, and tumorigenesis in females. OXTR-induced mammary tumors showed ERBB2 upregulation and mixed histological subtypes with predomination of papillary and medullary carcinomas. OXTR overexpression led to an activation of prolactin (PRL)/p-STAT5 pathway and created a microenvironment that promotes mammary-specific tumorigenesis. PRL inhibitor bromocriptine (Br) could mitigate OXTR-driven mammary tumor growth. The study demonstrates Oxtr is an oncogene and a potential drug target for HER2-type breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.,The Precise Medicine Center, Department of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China
| | - Mingjun San
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Anlan Yang
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Wanhua Xie
- The Precise Medicine Center, Department of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.,School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xuechao Feng
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China.
| | - Yaowu Zheng
- Transgenic Research Center, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
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29
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Yoshihara C, Tokita K, Maruyama T, Kaneko M, Tsuneoka Y, Fukumitsu K, Miyazawa E, Shinozuka K, Huang AJ, Nishimori K, McHugh TJ, Tanaka M, Itohara S, Touhara K, Miyamichi K, Kuroda KO. Calcitonin receptor signaling in the medial preoptic area enables risk-taking maternal care. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109204. [PMID: 34077719 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal mammals exhibit heightened motivation to care for offspring, but the underlying neuromolecular mechanisms have yet to be clarified. Here, we report that the calcitonin receptor (Calcr) and its ligand amylin are expressed in distinct neuronal populations in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and are upregulated in mothers. Calcr+ MPOA neurons activated by parental care project to somatomotor and monoaminergic brainstem nuclei. Retrograde monosynaptic tracing reveals that significant modification of afferents to Calcr+ neurons occurs in mothers. Knockdown of either Calcr or amylin gene expression hampers risk-taking maternal care, and specific silencing of Calcr+ MPOA neurons inhibits nurturing behaviors, while pharmacogenetic activation prevents infanticide in virgin males. These data indicate that Calcr+ MPOA neurons are required for both maternal and allomaternal nurturing behaviors and that upregulation of amylin-Calcr signaling in the MPOA at least partially mediates risk-taking maternal care, possibly via modified connectomics of Calcr+ neurons postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tokita
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; The Institute of Natural Sciences, Senshu University, Tokyo 101-8425, Japan
| | - Teppo Maruyama
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Misato Kaneko
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kansai Fukumitsu
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eri Miyazawa
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shinozuka
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Arthur J Huang
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nishimori
- Department of Obesity and Internal Inflammation, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Miyamichi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kumi O Kuroda
- Laboratory for Affiliative Social Behavior, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Marques P, de Vries F, Dekkers OM, van Furth WR, Korbonits M, Biermasz NR, Pereira AM. Pre-operative serum inflammation-based scores in patients with pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 2021; 24:334-350. [PMID: 33230695 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Full blood count (FBC) and serum inflammation-based scores reflect systemic inflammation and predict outcomes in cancer, but little is known in pituitary adenomas (PAs). We aimed to characterise FBC and inflammation-based scores in PA patients and investigate their usefulness in predicting challenging disease course. METHODS We studied 424 PA patients first operated at our centre with available pre-operative biochemical data. Patients with infection, malignancies, autoimmune or haematological conditions were excluded. Inflammation-based scores studied: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio (LMR), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Neutrophil-Platelet Score (NPS), Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI), and Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS). RESULTS Cushing's disease patients had more platelets, leucocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, and higher NLR, NPS and SII. Serum inflammation-based scores didn't differ among non-Cushing PA subtypes. The glucocorticoid excess severity influenced leucocyte, eosinophil, basophil and platelet counts, and GPS in Cushing's disease. Patients with functioning non-Cushing PAs with suprasellar extension, cavernous sinus invasion and hypopituitarism had GPS ≥ 1, while NPS ≥ 1 was associated with suprasellar extension. More invasive and difficult to treat corticotrophinomas were associated with fewer platelets pre-operatively (< 299.5 × 109/L predicting multimodal treatment). Non-functioning PA patients who suffered apoplexy had more leucocytes, neutrophils and monocytes, higher GPS ≥ 1 and fewer platelets; re-operated cases had fewer lymphocytes, higher NLR and PLR. CONCLUSIONS Serum inflammation-based scores may predict invasive/refractory PAs: GPS and PNI in non-functioning and functioning non-Cushing PAs; NPS in functioning non-Cushing PAs; NLR and PLR in non-functioning PAs. Platelets < 299.5 × 109/L predict multimodal treatment in Cushing's disease. Further studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Friso de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf M Dekkers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter R van Furth
- Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Endocrine Tumors Leiden (CETL), Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Nappi RE, Di Ciaccio S, Genazzani AD. Prolactin as a neuroendocrine clue in sexual function of women across the reproductive life cycle: an expert point of view. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:490-496. [PMID: 33703987 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1897783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolactin is a proteic hormone best known for its role in enabling the production of milk by female mammals. Secreted by the pituitary gland in response to the stimuli of eating, estrogen treatment, mating, ovulation and nursing, prolactin is involved in over 300 separate processes in a range of vertebrates, including humans. The hormone is released in a pulsatile manner and plays an essential role in metabolism, as well as in the regulation of the immune system and pancreatic development. Nevertheless, prolactin exerts other relevant roles, as it acts at the central nervous system level to modulate behavior, arousal and sexuality. In this experts' opinion, we aim to give insights into the main activities of prolactin to advance the ability of medical doctors and specialists in obstetrics and gynecology to provide more emphasis in their clinical practices to the link between prolactin and sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella E Nappi
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro D Genazzani
- Gynecological Endocrinology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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SADAN TINA, VALSALAN JAMUNA, VENKETACHALAPATHY THIRUPATHY, ARAVINDAKSHAN TV. Prl and B4GALT-1 gene polymorphism and their association with milk production traits in crossbred cattle of Kerala. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i10.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of present study was to explore the genetic variation in exon 3 of PRL (185 bp) and exon-2 of B4GALT-1 (256 bp) locus and analyze their associations with milk production traits. The study was conducted on 200 crossbred cattle distributed in different farms under Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University and field centres of ICAR-FPT scheme, Mannuthy. Polymorphism of both the genes was detected by Single Strand Confirmation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Similar banding pattern were noticed in exon-3 region of PRL, population was found to be monomorphic, indicating conserved nature of this fragment in the screened crossbred cattle population of Kerala. Two unique band patterns were detected in 256 bp fragment of B4GALT-1. Sequencing revealed a nonsynonymous single nucleotide variation in c.521T>C in exon 2 of B4GALT-1, resulted in an amino acid substitution of methionine to threonine due to a codon change of ATG to ACG. Different genetic variants of B4GALT-1 was significantly associated with 305 days milk yield and protein percent. The study indicates the existence of genetic variability in B4GALT-1 gene on crossbred cattle population of Kerala and suggests a scope of considering genetic variants of B4GALT-1 gene in selection of cattle for higher milk production.
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Muzerelle A, Soiza-Reilly M, Hainer C, Ruet PL, Lesch KP, Bader M, Alenina N, Scotto-Lomassese S, Gaspar P. Dorsal raphe serotonin neurotransmission is required for the expression of nursing behavior and for pup survival. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6004. [PMID: 33727585 PMCID: PMC7966367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper maternal care is an essential factor of reproductive success in mammals, involving a repertoire of behaviors oriented toward the feeding and care of the offspring. Among the neurotransmitters involved in the initiation of these behaviors, serotonin (5-HT) seems to play an important role. Here we compared pup-oriented maternal behaviors in mice with constitutive 5-HT depletion, the tryptophan hydroxylase 2-knock-out (Tph2-KO) and the Pet1-KO mice. We report that the only common pup-oriented defect in these 2 hyposerotoninergic models is a defective nursing in parturient mice and altered nursing-like (crouching) behavior in virgin mice, while pup retrieval defects are only present in Tph2-KO. Despite a normal mammary gland development and milk production, the defect in appropriate nursing is responsible for severe growth retardation and early lethality of pups born to hyposerotonergic dams. This nursing defect is due to acute rather constitutive 5-HT depletion, as it is reproduced by adult knockdown of Tph2 in the dorsal raphe nucleus in mothers with a prior normal maternal experience. We conclude that 5-HT innervation from the dorsal raphe is required for both the initiation and maintenance of a normal nursing behavior. Our findings may be related to observations of reduced maternal/infant interactions in human depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Muzerelle
- INSERM, Institut du Fer À Moulin, Sorbonne Université UMR-S 1270, Paris, France
| | - Mariano Soiza-Reilly
- INSERM, Institut du Fer À Moulin, Sorbonne Université UMR-S 1270, Paris, France.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cornelia Hainer
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medecine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Ruet
- INSERM, Institut du Fer À Moulin, Sorbonne Université UMR-S 1270, Paris, France
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience, Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neuropsychology and Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medecine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medecine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | | | - Patricia Gaspar
- INSERM, Institut du Fer À Moulin, Sorbonne Université UMR-S 1270, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1127, Paris Brain Institute, 75013, Paris, France.
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Decidual cell FKBP51-progesterone receptor binding mediates maternal stress-induced preterm birth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010282118. [PMID: 33836562 PMCID: PMC7980401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010282118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder increase the risk of idiopathic preterm birth (iPTB); however, the exact molecular mechanism is unknown. Depression and stress-related disorders are linked to increased FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) expression levels in the brain and/or FKBP5 gene polymorphisms. Fkbp5-deficient (Fkbp5 -/-) mice resist stress-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. FKBP51 binding to progesterone (P4) receptors (PRs) inhibits PR function. Moreover, reduced PR activity and/or expression stimulates human labor. We report enhanced in situ FKBP51 expression and increased nuclear FKBP51-PR binding in decidual cells of women with iPTB versus gestational age-matched controls. In Fkbp5 +/+ mice, maternal restraint stress did not accelerate systemic P4 withdrawal but increased Fkbp5, decreased PR, and elevated AKR1C18 expression in uteri at E17.25 followed by reduced P4 levels and increased oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) expression at 18.25 in uteri resulting in PTB. These changes correlate with inhibition of uterine PR function by maternal stress-induced FKBP51. In contrast, Fkbp5 -/- mice exhibit prolonged gestation and are completely resistant to maternal stress-induced PTB and labor-inducing uterine changes detected in stressed Fkbp5 +/+ mice. Collectively, these results uncover a functional P4 withdrawal mechanism mediated by maternal stress-induced enhanced uterine FKBP51 expression and FKPB51-PR binding, resulting in iPTB.
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35
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Ramos-Martinez E, Ramos-Martínez I, Molina-Salinas G, Zepeda-Ruiz WA, Cerbon M. The role of prolactin in central nervous system inflammation. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:323-340. [PMID: 33661585 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin has been shown to favor both the activation and suppression of the microglia and astrocytes, as well as the release of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Prolactin has also been associated with neuronal damage in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and in experimental models of these diseases. However, studies show that prolactin has neuroprotective effects in conditions of neuronal damage and inflammation and may be used as neuroprotector factor. In this review, we first discuss general information about prolactin, then we summarize recent findings of prolactin function in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes and factors involved in the possible dual role of prolactin are described. Finally, we review the function of prolactin specifically in the central nervous system and how it promotes a neuroprotective effect, or that of neuronal damage, particularly in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and during excitotoxicity. The overall studies indicated that prolactin may be a promising molecule for the treatment of some neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ramos-Martinez
- Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Oaxaca68120, Mexico
- Instituto de Cómputo Aplicado en Ciencias, Oaxaca68000, Mexico
| | - Ivan Ramos-Martínez
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010Créteil, France
| | - Gladys Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Wendy A Zepeda-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
| | - Marco Cerbon
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510Coyoacan, Mexico
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36
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Du Y, Sun D, Li Y. Mex3c mutation affects lactation through impairing milk ejection in female mice. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20201285. [PMID: 33180120 PMCID: PMC7729293 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse Mex3c encodes RNA-binding proteins of variant length through alternative splicing. Its mutation results in multiple defects including growth retardation, perturbed energy balance, and defective antiviral innate immunity. Here we report that Mex3c mutation affects mammary gland development and lactation in female mice. Pups of Mex3c mutant dams die of starvation soon after birth. Milk contents are present in the alveoli but deficient in the ducts of the mammary glands in mutant mice. Mutant mice do not show prolactin or oxytocin deficiency. They also develop myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands. Mex3c is expressed in the mammary gland epithelium. Our data suggest that functional defects in mammary gland epithelium or myoepithelial cells could cause lactation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Surgical Research, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Dongjun Sun
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, U.S.A
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
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37
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Lopez-Vicchi F, De Winne C, Brie B, Sorianello E, Ladyman SR, Becu-Villalobos D. Metabolic functions of prolactin: Physiological and pathological aspects. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12888. [PMID: 33463813 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin is named after its vital role of promoting milk production during lactation, although it has been implicated in multiple functions within the body, including metabolism and energy homeostasis. Prolactin has been hypothesised to play a key role in driving many of the adaptations of the maternal body to allow the mother to meet the physiological demands of both pregnancy and lactation, including the high energetic demands of the growing foetus followed by milk production to support the offspring after birth. Prolactin receptors are found in many tissues involved in metabolism and food intake, such as the pancreas, liver, hypothalamus, small intestine and adipose tissue. We review the literature examining the effects of prolactin in these various tissues and how they relate to changes in function in physiological states of high prolactin, such as pregnancy and lactation, and in pathological states of hyperprolactinaemia in the adult. In many cases, whether prolactin promotes healthy metabolism or leads to dysregulation of metabolic functions is highly dependent on the situation. Overall, although prolactin may not play a major role in regulating metabolism and body weight outside of pregnancy and lactation, it definitely has the ability to contribute to metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Lopez-Vicchi
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina De Winne
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belen Brie
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Sorianello
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sharon R Ladyman
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Damasia Becu-Villalobos
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cattini PA, Jin Y, Jarmasz JS, Noorjahan N, Bock ME. Obesity and regulation of human placental lactogen production in pregnancy. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12859. [PMID: 32500948 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The four genes coding for placental members of the human (h) growth hormone (GH) family include two that code independently for placental lactogen (PL), also known as chorionic somatomammotrophin hormone, one that codes for placental growth hormone (PGH) and a pseudogene for which RNA but no protein product is reported. These genes are expressed preferentially in the villus syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta in pregnancy. In higher primates, the placental members, including hPL and PGH, are the result of multiple duplication events of the GH gene. This contrasts with rodents and ruminants, where PLs result from duplication of the prolactin (PRL) gene. Thus, unlike their mouse counterparts, the hPL and PGH hormones bind both lactogenic and somatogenic receptors with varying affinity. Roles influenced by nutrient availability in both metabolic control in pregnancy and maternal behaviour are supported. However, the effect maternal obesity has on the activation of placental members of the hGH gene family, particularly the expression and function of those genes, is poorly understood. Evidence from partially humanised hGH/PL transgenic mice indicates that both the remote upstream hPL locus control region (LCR) and more gene-related regulatory regions are required for placental expression in vivo. Furthermore, a specific pattern of interactions between the LCR and hPL gene promoter regions is detected in term placenta chromatin from women with a normal body mass index (BMI) in the range 18.5-25 kg m-2 by chromosome conformation capture assay. This pattern is disrupted with maternal obesity (class II BMI > 35 kg m-2 ) and associated with a > 40% decrease in term hPL RNA levels, as well as serum hPL but not PRL levels, during pregnancy. The relative importance of the chromosomal architecture and predicted properties for transcription factor participation in terms of hPL production and response to obesity are considered, based on comparison with components required for efficient human pituitary GH gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Cattini
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jessica S Jarmasz
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Noshin Noorjahan
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Margaret E Bock
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Prolactin: A hormone with diverse functions from mammary gland development to cancer metastasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:159-170. [PMID: 33109441 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prolactin has a rich mechanistic set of actions and signaling in order to elicit developmental effects in mammals. Historically, prolactin has been appreciated as an endocrine peptide hormone that is responsible for final, functional mammary gland development and lactation. Multiple signaling pathways impacted upon by the microenvironment contribute to cell function and differentiation. Endocrine, autocrine and paracrine signaling are now apparent in not only mammary development, but also in cancer, and involve multiple cell types including those of the immune system. Multiple ligands agonists are capable of binding to the prolactin receptor, potentially expanding receptor function. Prolactin has an important role not only in tumorigenesis of the breast, but also in a number of hormonally responsive cancers such as prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancer, as well as pancreatic and lung cancer. Although pituitary and extra-pituitary sources of prolactin such as the epithelium are important, stromal sourced prolactin is now also being recognized as an important factor in tumor progression, all of which potentially signal to multiple cell types in the tumor microenvironment. While prolactin has important roles in milk production including calcium and bone homeostasis, in the disease state it can also affect bone homeostasis. Prolactin also impacts metastatic cancer of the breast to modulate the bone microenvironment and promote bone damage. Prolactin has a fascinating contribution in both physiologic and pathologic settings of mammals.
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40
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Li M, Hassan FU, Tang Z, Peng L, Liang X, Li L, Peng K, Xie F, Yang C. Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids Improve Milk Production, Antioxidant, and Metabolic Status of Water Buffaloes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:599. [PMID: 33102551 PMCID: PMC7500204 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) on oxidative stress, metabolic hormones, and milk production in Murrah buffaloes. Forty multiparous Murrah buffaloes (4 ± 1 lactations) with similar body weight (average 600 ± 50 Kg) and stage of lactation (90 ± 20 d) were randomly selected for this trial. Four treatment groups (10 buffaloes per group) with different doses of MLF included; control (0 g/d), MLF15 (15 g/d), MLF30 (30 g/d), and MLF45 (45 g/d). Buffaloes were fed with total mix ration consisting of grass (Pennisetum purpureum schum), brewery's grain and concentrate mixture for 5 weeks. Meteorological data including ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded using the online dust monitoring system to calculate temperature-humidity index (THI). After 1 week of the adaptation, milk yield was recorded daily while physiological parameters (respiratory rate, rectal, and body surface temperature), and milk composition were measured weekly. At the end of the trial, blood samples were collected to analyze serum metabolic hormones including estradiol (E2), growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), Tri-iodothyronine (T3), and Thyroxine (T4). Moreover, serum heat shock proteins (HSP), antioxidants enzymes including malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and blood biochemical indices were also analyzed. Results revealed a decrease (P = 0.012) in serum MDA level while increasing (P < 0.01) the HSP and serum GHS-Px contents in supplemented buffaloes. Treatment showed a linear and quadratic decrease (p = 0.001) in the serum T-AOC while reducing CAT contents linearly (p = 0.012) as compared to the control. However, no effect of treatment on serum SOD content was observed. Treatment resulted a linear increase (p = 0.001) in serum GH and PRL hormones while increasing serum E2 levels linearly (P < 0.001) and quadratically (P = 0.025). Treatment increased (p = 0.038) the daily milk yield as compared to the control. However, increase (P < 0.05) in serum T3 and T4 contents, fat corrected milk (4%) and milk protein (%) was observed only in MLF45. Moreover, we observed no change in serum biochemical indices except insulin which linearly increased (p = 0.002) in MLF45. Our findings indicated that MLF at 45 g per day is an appropriate level to enhance milk performance and alleviate heat stress in buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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41
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Phillipps HR, Yip SH, Grattan DR. Patterns of prolactin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110679. [PMID: 31843563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin is pleotropic in nature affecting multiple tissues throughout the body. As a consequence of the broad range of functions, regulation of anterior pituitary prolactin secretion is complex and atypical as compared to other pituitary hormones. Many studies have provided insight into the complex hypothalamic-pituitary networks controlling prolactin secretion patterns in different species using a range of techniques. Here, we review prolactin secretion in both males and females; and consider the different patterns of prolactin secretion across the reproductive cycle in representative female mammals with short versus long luteal phases and in seasonal breeders. Additionally, we highlight changes in the pattern of secretion during pregnancy and lactation, and discuss the wide range of adaptive functions that prolactin may have in these important physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollian R Phillipps
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Siew H Yip
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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42
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Timaxian C, Raymond-Letron I, Bouclier C, Gulliver L, Le Corre L, Chébli K, Guillou A, Mollard P, Balabanian K, Lazennec G. The health status alters the pituitary function and reproduction of mice in a Cxcr2-dependent manner. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/3/e201900599. [PMID: 32041848 PMCID: PMC7010316 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effects of microbiota on reproductive function of Cxcr2 knockout animals. Cxcr2 is involved in the control of pituitary action and the subsequent development of mammary gland, uterus and ovary. Microbiota and chronic infections can affect not only immune status, but also the overall physiology of animals. Here, we report that chronic infections dramatically modify the phenotype of Cxcr2 KO mice, impairing in particular, their reproduction ability. We show that exposure of Cxcr2 KO females to multiple types of chronic infections prevents their ability to cycle, reduces the development of the mammary gland and alters the morphology of the uterus due to an impairment of ovary function. Mammary gland and ovary transplantation demonstrated that the hormonal contexture was playing a crucial role in this phenomenon. This was further evidenced by alterations to circulating levels of sex steroid and pituitary hormones. By analyzing at the molecular level the mechanisms of pituitary dysfunction, we showed that in the absence of Cxcr2, bystander infections affect leukocyte migration, adhesion, and function, as well as ion transport, synaptic function behavior, and reproduction pathways. Taken together, these data reveal that a chemokine receptor plays a direct role in pituitary function and reproduction in the context of chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Timaxian
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYS2DIAG-ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, Montpellier, France.,CNRS, Groupement de Recherche 3697 "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches," Micronit, France
| | - Isabelle Raymond-Letron
- Department of Histopathology, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, France and Platform of Experimental and Compared Histopathology, STROMALab, Unité de recherche mixte (UMR) Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS 5223, Etablissement français du sang, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1031, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Bouclier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYS2DIAG-ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ludovic Le Corre
- Nutrition et Toxicologie Alimentaire (NUTOX) Laboratory - INSERM Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer UMR 1231 - AgrosupDijon, Dijon, France
| | - Karim Chébli
- Equipe Metazoan Messenger RNAs Metabolism, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Guillou
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Mollard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- CNRS, Groupement de Recherche 3697 "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches," Micronit, France.,Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Gwendal Lazennec
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYS2DIAG-ALCEDIAG, Cap Delta, Montpellier, France .,CNRS, Groupement de Recherche 3697 "Microenvironment of Tumor Niches," Micronit, France
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43
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Tandon M, Coudriet GM, Criscimanna A, Socorro M, Eliliwi M, Singhi AD, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Bailey P, Lotze MT, Zeh H, Hu J, Goffin V, Gittes GK, Biankin AV, Esni F. Prolactin Promotes Fibrosis and Pancreatic Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5316-5327. [PMID: 31395607 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with significant fibrosis. Recent findings have highlighted the profibrotic activity of tissue-resident macrophages in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment. Here, we show that neoplastic pancreatic epithelium, as well as a subset of tissue-resident macrophages, expresses the prolactin-receptor (PRLR). High mobility group box 1-induced prolactin expression in the pancreas maintained FAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation within the epithelium and stroma. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated the essential role of prolactin in promoting collagen deposition and fibrosis. Finally, the signaling cascade downstream of prolactin/PRLR activated STAT3 rather than STAT5 in PDAC. These findings suggest that targeting prolactin together with IL6, a known major activator of STAT3, could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating pancreatic cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Prolactin is a key factor in the cross-talk between the stroma and neoplastic epithelium, functioning to promote fibrosis and PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuj Tandon
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gina M Coudriet
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Criscimanna
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mairobys Socorro
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mouhanned Eliliwi
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Peter Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Center, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Herbert Zeh
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jing Hu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - George K Gittes
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Center, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.,West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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44
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Lee HK, Willi M, Shin HY, Liu C, Hennighausen L. Progressing super-enhancer landscape during mammary differentiation controls tissue-specific gene regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:10796-10809. [PMID: 30285185 PMCID: PMC6237736 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary luminal lineage relies on the common cytokine-sensing transcription factor STAT5 to establish super-enhancers during pregnancy and initiate a genetic program that activates milk production. As pups grow, the greatly increasing demand for milk requires progressive differentiation of mammary cells with advancing lactation. Here we investigate how persistent hormonal exposure during lactation shapes an evolving enhancer landscape and impacts the biology of mammary cells. Employing ChIP-seq, we uncover a changing transcription factor occupancy at mammary enhancers, suggesting that their activities evolve with advancing differentiation. Using mouse genetics, we demonstrate that the functions of individual enhancers within the Wap super-enhancer evolve as lactation progresses. Most profoundly, a seed enhancer, which is mandatory for the activation of the Wap super-enhancer during pregnancy, is not required during lactation, suggesting compensatory flexibility. Combinatorial deletions of structurally equivalent constituent enhancers demonstrated differentiation-specific compensatory activities during lactation. We also demonstrate that the Wap super-enhancer, which is built on STAT5 and other common transcription factors, retains its exquisite mammary specificity when placed into globally permissive chromatin, suggesting a limited role of chromatin in controlling cell specificity. Our studies unveil a previously unrecognized progressive enhancer landscape where structurally equivalent components serve unique and differentiation-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lee
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michaela Willi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ha Youn Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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45
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DeCarlo AN, Jennings K, Pratt SL, Burnett CR, Long NM, Bridges WC, Kojima C. Bovine dopamine type-2 receptor SNP has no effect on growth, semen characteristics and prolactin concentrations in beef bulls treated with a dopamine agonist. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 207:73-82. [PMID: 31208851 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A dopamine type-2 receptor (DRD2) SNP, previously found to be correlated with serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations in cattle, was evaluated for impact on growth traits, serum prolactin concentration, and semen quality. Over a four-year period, yearling beef bulls were allowed diets containing or lacking ergot alkaloids (EA). Every 21 or 28 d semen was collected for semen motility and morphology assessment and blood samples were collected to measure serum PRL concentrations. In addition, body condition score and scrotal circumference were evaluated. Serum PRL concentrations were assessed using a radioimmunoassay. In the first year, all bulls were sacrificed at the end of a 126-day study. Testicles and epididymis were collected at the end of the study or 60 days after removal from treatment. Immunohistochemistry was performed on testis, epididymis, and sperm cells, incubated with or without a primary antibody for DRD2 and counterstained with DAPI. Isolation of DNA was performed on sperm pellets using DNAzol (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) methods. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the region of the DRD2 gene containing the SNP of interest. The products were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Further, all samples were subjected to genotyping using a custom Taqman genotyping assay (Applied Biosystems, Foster city, CA, USA). The presence of DRD2 was detected in the testis, epididymis, and sperm cells. The DRD2 genotype was not associated with semen quality, serum PRL, or growth traits. Consumption of EA resulted in lesser PRL serum concentrations but had no effect on values for other variable examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N DeCarlo
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, United States
| | - K Jennings
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States
| | - S L Pratt
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, United States.
| | - C R Burnett
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, United States
| | - N M Long
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, United States
| | - W C Bridges
- Mathematical Sciences Department, Clemson University, United States
| | - C Kojima
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States
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46
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Bayıl Oğuzkan S, Bozkurt AS. A Study on the Effect of Prolactin Gene Variants on Milk Production Traits of Holstein Cattle. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Du Q, Hoover AR, Dozmorov I, Raj P, Khan S, Molina E, Chang TC, de la Morena MT, Cleaver OB, Mendell JT, van Oers NSC. MIR205HG Is a Long Noncoding RNA that Regulates Growth Hormone and Prolactin Production in the Anterior Pituitary. Dev Cell 2019; 49:618-631.e5. [PMID: 30982661 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are processed from primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs), many of which are annotated as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We assessed whether MIR205HG, the host gene for miR-205, has independent functions as an lncRNA. Comparing mice with targeted deletions of MIR205HG and miR-205 revealed a functional role for the lncRNA in the anterior pituitary. Mice lacking MIR205HG had a temporal reduction in Pit1, growth hormone, and prolactin. This was mediated, in part, through the ability of this lncRNA to bind and regulate the transcriptional activity of Pit1 in conjunction with Zbtb20. Knockdown of MIR205HG in lactotropes decreased the expression of Pit1, Zbtb20, prolactin, and growth hormone, while its overexpression enhanced the levels of these transcripts. The effects of MIR205HG on the pituitary were independent of miR-205. The data support a role for MIR205HG as an lncRNA that regulates growth hormone and prolactin production in the anterior pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Du
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashley R Hoover
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shaheen Khan
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Erika Molina
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tsung-Cheng Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Maria Teresa de la Morena
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ondine B Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicolai S C van Oers
- Department of Immunology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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48
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Yun BY, Cho C, Cho BN. Differential activity of 16K rat prolactin in different organic systems. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2019; 23:135-142. [PMID: 30949401 PMCID: PMC6440500 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1554543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16K isoform of rat prolactin (16K rPRL) performs multiple functions in various systems including angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and reproduction. Recently, 16K rPRL has attained prominence as a possible therapeutic target in pathophysiological conditions. However, the integral function and mechanism of 16K rPRL in various systems has not been elucidated. To this end, a transient gain-of-function animal model was adopted. An expression DNA plasmid containing 16K rPRL or rPRL gene was introduced into the muscle of adult mice by direct injection. The mRNA and protein expression levels of 16K rPRL were detected by initial RT–PCR and subsequent Southern blot and western blot, respectively. When the expression vector was introduced, the results were as follows: First, 16K rPRL combined with rPRL reduced angiogenesis in the testis whereas rPRL alone induced angiogenesis. Second, 16K rPRL combined with rPRL reduced WBC proliferation, whereas rPRL alone increased WBC proliferation. Third, 16K rPRL combined with rPRL reduced diestrus, whereas rPRL alone extended diestrus. Fourth, 16K rPRL combined with rPRL unexpectedly increased testosterone (T) levels, whereas rPRL alone did not increase T levels. Taken together, our data suggest that the 16K rPRL isoform performs integral functions in angiogenesis in the testis, WBC proliferation, and reproduction, although the action of 16K rPRL is not always antagonistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Yun
- Department of Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chunghee Cho
- Department of Life Science Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byung-Nam Cho
- Department of Life Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
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49
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Creeth HDJ, McNamara GI, Isles AR, John RM. Imprinted genes influencing the quality of maternal care. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 53:100732. [PMID: 30553874 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals successful rearing imposes a cost on later reproductive fitness specifically on the mother creating the potential for parental conflict. Loss of function of three imprinted genes in the dam results in deficits in maternal care suggesting that, like maternal nutrients, maternal care is a resource over which the parental genomes are in conflict. The induction of maternal care is a complex, highly regulated process and it is unsurprising that many gene disruptions and environmental adversities result in maternal care deficits. However, recent compelling evidence for a more purposeful imprinting phenomenon comes from observing alterations in the mother's behaviour when expression of the imprinted genes Phlda2 and Peg3 has been manipulated solely in the offspring. This explicit demonstration that imprinted genes expressed in the offspring influence maternal behaviour lends significant weight to the hypothesis that maternal care is a resource that has been manipulated by the paternal genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D J Creeth
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - G I McNamara
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - A R Isles
- Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - R M John
- Biomedicine Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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50
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LALHRUAITLUANGI LALHRUAITLUANGI, GOHAIN CHUKHAM, YORE KEYOLENU, SINGH NSHYAMSANA, MAYENGBAM PRAVA, TOLENKHOMBA TC. Prolactin gene polymorphism in indigenous and crossbred cattle of north east India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i2.87344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine PRL gene is considered one of the important hereditary components of milk productivity, thus seems to be an excellent candidate gene for milk production traits. The study was conducted to study the distribution pattern of allelic variants at the prolactin-RsaI locus in 210 indigenous cattle of north east India (viz. Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, Asom and Meghalaya,) and crossbred cattle of Mizoram. PCR-RFLP genotyping of a 156 bp fragment of prolactin (PRL) in exon 3 revealed two different allelic variants. The predominant genotype (s) were AB (0.40) and BB (0.40) in indigenous cattle of Manipur, BB in Mizoram (0.57), AB in indigenous cattle of Nagaland (0.50) and Meghalaya (0.63). Whereas in Tripura and Asom indigenous cattle, AA was the most common genotype (0.40 and 0.60). However, AB (0.80) was markedly higher in crossbred (HF × indigenous) cattle. All the six indigenous cattle populations conforming to equilibrium indicated lack of selection pressure for PRL gene in these cattle population. The most frequent allele was A allele in the indigenous cattle of Nagaland (0.55), Tripura (0.55) and Asom (0.70) and B allele in indigenous cattle of Manipur (0.60) and Mizoram (0.73). Whereas, in Meghalaya indigenous and crossbred cattle, both alleles were present in equal frequencies. The findings of differences in the distributions of allelic and genotype variants of PRL-RsaI locus among the indigenous cattle populations of six states of north east India, suggested the presence of scope for genetic selection for milk production traits.
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