1
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Dai GZ, Song WY, Xu HF, Tu M, Yu C, Li ZK, Shang JL, Jin CL, Ding CS, Zuo LZ, Liu YR, Yan WW, Zang SS, Liu K, Zhang Z, Bock R, Qiu BS. Hypothetical chloroplast reading frame 51 encodes a photosystem I assembly factor in cyanobacteria. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1844-1867. [PMID: 38146915 PMCID: PMC11062458 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypothetical chloroplast open reading frames (ycfs) are putative genes in the plastid genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Many ycfs are also conserved in the genomes of cyanobacteria, the presumptive ancestors of present-day chloroplasts. The functions of many ycfs are still unknown. Here, we generated knock-out mutants for ycf51 (sll1702) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The mutants showed reduced photoautotrophic growth due to impaired electron transport between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. This phenotype results from greatly reduced PSI content in the ycf51 mutant. The ycf51 disruption had little effect on the transcription of genes encoding photosynthetic complex components and the stabilization of the PSI complex. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that Ycf51 cooperates with PSI assembly factor Ycf3 to mediate PSI assembly. Furthermore, Ycf51 interacts with the PSI subunit PsaC. Together with its specific localization in the thylakoid membrane and the stromal exposure of its hydrophilic region, our data suggest that Ycf51 is involved in PSI complex assembly. Ycf51 is conserved in all sequenced cyanobacteria, including the earliest branching cyanobacteria of the Gloeobacter genus, and is also present in the plastid genomes of glaucophytes. However, Ycf51 has been lost from other photosynthetic eukaryotic lineages. Thus, Ycf51 is a PSI assembly factor that has been functionally replaced during the evolution of oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zheng Dai
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei-Yu Song
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Miao Tu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zheng-Ke Li
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Shang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chun-Lei Jin
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chao-Shun Ding
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling-Zi Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Yan
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Sha-Sha Zang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ralph Bock
- Department III, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bao-Sheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
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2
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Amatya E, Subramanian C, Cohen MS, Blagg BSJ. Development of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors with noviomimetics that manifest anti-proliferative activities. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:888-894. [PMID: 38516588 PMCID: PMC10953479 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the Hsp90 C-terminal domain offers a promising opportunity to treat numerous diseases/indications. Furthermore, the development of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors (CTIs) is advantageous over N-terminal inhibitors because it avoids the detriments associated with induction of the heat shock response (HSR). However, the lack of co-crystal structures of small molecules bound to the C-terminus have hindered their development. Therefore, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies have been pursued to optimize such inhibitors. Noviose sugar surrogates, also known as noviomimetics have been prepared to investigate the size and nature of the C-terminal domain binding pocket. Herein, we report the synthesis and anti-proliferative activity manifested by this new series of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Amatya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Center for Drug Discovery, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
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3
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Babu N, Freeman BC. Establishing Order Through Disorder by the Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone. J Mol Biol 2024:168460. [PMID: 38301804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) molecular chaperone is a key driver of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) under physiologically normal and stress conditions. In eukaryotes, Hsp90 is essential and is one of the most abundant proteins in a cell where the chaperone shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus to fold, stabilize, and regulate client proteins and protein complexes. Numerous high-throughput screens have mapped the Hsp90 interactome, building a vast network comprising ∼25% of the proteome in budding yeast. How Hsp90 is able to associate with this diverse and large cadre of targets is critical to comprehending how the proteostatic process works. Here, we review recent progress on our understanding of the molecular underpinnings driving Hsp90-client interactions from both the perspective of the targets and Hsp90. In addition to considering the available Hsp90-client structures, we also assessed recently identified Hsp90-client peptide complexes to build a model that justifies how Hsp90 might recognize a wide spectrum of target proteins. In brief, Hsp90 either directly recognizes a site within an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of a client protein to transiently regulate that client or it associates with an unstructured polypeptide section created by the concerted efforts of multiple chaperones and cochaperones to stably associate with a client. Overall, Hsp90 exploits a common recognition property (i.e., IDR) within diverse clients to support chaperone-actionthereby enabling its central role in proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Babu
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 601 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian C Freeman
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 601 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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4
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Oranges M, Giannoulis A, Vanyushkina A, Sirkis YF, Dalaloyan A, Unger T, Su XC, Sharon M, Goldfarb D. C-terminal domain dimerization in yeast Hsp90 is moderately modulated by the other domains. Biophys J 2024; 123:172-183. [PMID: 38071428 PMCID: PMC10808039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) serves as a crucial regulator of cellular proteostasis by stabilizing and regulating the activity of numerous substrates, many of which are oncogenic proteins. Therefore, Hsp90 is a drug target for cancer therapy. Hsp90 comprises three structural domains, a highly conserved amino-terminal domain (NTD), a middle domain (MD), and a carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD). The CTD is responsible for protein dimerization, is crucial for Hsp90's activity, and has therefore been targeted for inhibiting Hsp90. Here we addressed the question of whether the CTD dimerization in Hsp90, in the absence of bound nucleotides, is modulated by allosteric effects from the other domains. We studied full length (FL) and isolated CTD (isoC) yeast Hsp90 spin-labeled with a Gd(III) tag by double electron-electron resonance measurements to track structural differences and to determine the apparent dissociation constant (Kd). We found the distance distributions for both the FL and isoC to be similar, indicating that the removal of the NTD and MD does not significantly affect the structure of the CTD dimer. The low-temperature double electron-electron resonance-derived Kd values, as well as those obtained at room temperature using microscale thermophoresis and native mass spectrometry, collectively suggested the presence of some allosteric effects from the NTDs and MDs on the CTD dimerization stability in the apo state. This was evidenced by a moderate increase in the Kd for the isoC compared with the FL mutants. Our results reveal a fine regulation of the CTD dimerization by allosteric modulation, which may have implications for drug targeting strategies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oranges
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Angeliki Giannoulis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Vanyushkina
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Fridmann Sirkis
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arina Dalaloyan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Unger
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Michal Sharon
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniella Goldfarb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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5
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Kohler V, Kohler A, Berglund LL, Hao X, Gersing S, Imhof A, Nyström T, Höög JL, Ott M, Andréasson C, Büttner S. Nuclear Hsp104 safeguards the dormant translation machinery during quiescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:315. [PMID: 38182580 PMCID: PMC10770042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The resilience of cellular proteostasis declines with age, which drives protein aggregation and compromises viability. The nucleus has emerged as a key quality control compartment that handles misfolded proteins produced by the cytosolic protein biosynthesis system. Here, we find that age-associated metabolic cues target the yeast protein disaggregase Hsp104 to the nucleus to maintain a functional nuclear proteome during quiescence. The switch to respiratory metabolism and the accompanying decrease in translation rates direct cytosolic Hsp104 to the nucleus to interact with latent translation initiation factor eIF2 and to suppress protein aggregation. Hindering Hsp104 from entering the nucleus in quiescent cells results in delayed re-entry into the cell cycle due to compromised resumption of protein synthesis. In sum, we report that cytosolic-nuclear partitioning of the Hsp104 disaggregase is a critical mechanism to protect the latent protein synthesis machinery during quiescence in yeast, ensuring the rapid restart of translation once nutrients are replenished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kohler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Kohler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lisa Larsson Berglund
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xinxin Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sarah Gersing
- The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 1165, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel Imhof
- Biomedical Center Munich, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna L Höög
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Luthuli SD, Shonhai A. The multi-faceted roles of R2TP complex span across regulation of gene expression, translation, and protein functional assembly. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1951-1965. [PMID: 38192347 PMCID: PMC10771493 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular complexes play essential roles in various cellular processes. The assembly of macromolecular assemblies within the cell must overcome barriers imposed by a crowded cellular environment which is characterized by an estimated concentration of biological macromolecules amounting to 100-450 g/L that take up approximately 5-40% of the cytoplasmic volume. The formation of the macromolecular assemblies is facilitated by molecular chaperones in cooperation with their co-chaperones. The R2TP protein complex has emerged as a co-chaperone of Hsp90 that plays an important role in macromolecular assembly. The R2TP complex is composed of a heterodimer of RPAP3:P1H1DI that is in turn complexed to members of the ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA +), RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 (R1 and R2) families. What makes the R2TP co-chaperone complex particularly important is that it is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including gene expression, translation, co-translational complex assembly, and posttranslational protein complex formation. The functional versatility of the R2TP co-chaperone complex makes it central to cellular development; hence, it is implicated in various human diseases. In addition, their roles in the development of infectious disease agents has become of interest. In the current review, we discuss the roles of these proteins as co-chaperones regulating Hsp90 and its partnership with Hsp70. Furthermore, we highlight the structure-function features of the individual proteins within the R2TP complex and describe their roles in various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifiso Duncan Luthuli
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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7
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Backe SJ, Mollapour M, Woodford MR. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool for deciphering Hsp90 molecular chaperone function. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:781-795. [PMID: 36912239 PMCID: PMC10497724 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Yeast is a valuable model organism for their ease of genetic manipulation, rapid growth rate, and relative similarity to higher eukaryotes. Historically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has played a major role in discovering the function of complex proteins and pathways that are important for human health and disease. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone responsible for the stabilization and activation of hundreds of integral members of the cellular signaling network. Much important structural and functional work, including many seminal discoveries in Hsp90 biology are the direct result of work carried out in S. cerevisiae. Here, we have provided a brief overview of the S. cerevisiae model system and described how this eukaryotic model organism has been successfully applied to the study of Hsp90 chaperone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
| | - Mark R. Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
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8
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Alao JP, Obaseki I, Amankwah YS, Nguyen Q, Sugoor M, Unruh E, Popoola HO, Tehver R, Kravats AN. Insight into the Nucleotide Based Modulation of the Grp94 Molecular Chaperone Using Multiscale Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37294929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grp94, an ER-localized molecular chaperone, is required for the folding and activation of many membrane and secretory proteins. Client activation by Grp94 is mediated by nucleotide and conformational changes. In this work, we aim to understand how microscopic changes from nucleotide hydrolysis can potentiate large-scale conformational changes of Grp94. We performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on the ATP-hydrolysis competent state of the Grp94 dimer in four different nucleotide bound states. We found that Grp94 was the most rigid when ATP was bound. ATP hydrolysis or nucleotide removal enhanced mobility of the N-terminal domain and ATP lid, resulting in suppression of interdomain communication. In an asymmetric conformation with one hydrolyzed nucleotide, we identified a more compact state, similar to experimental observations. We also identified a potential regulatory role of the flexible linker, as it formed electrostatic interactions with the Grp94 M-domain helix near the region where BiP is known to bind. These studies were complemented with normal-mode analysis of an elastic network model to investigate Grp94's large-scale conformational changes. SPM analysis identified residues that are important in signaling conformational change, many of which have known functional relevance in ATP coordination and catalysis, client binding, and BiP binding. Our findings suggest that ATP hydrolysis in Grp94 alters allosteric wiring and facilitates conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Alao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Ikponwmosa Obaseki
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Yaa Sarfowah Amankwah
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Quinn Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Meghana Sugoor
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Erin Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
- Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology Program, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | | | - Riina Tehver
- Department of Physics, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, United States
| | - Andrea N Kravats
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
- Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology Program, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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9
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Ausili A. Despite their structural similarities, the cytosolic isoforms of human Hsp90 show different behaviour in thermal unfolding due to their conformation: An FTIR study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 740:109599. [PMID: 37028636 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins 90 (Hsp90) are chaperones that promote the proper folding of other proteins under high temperature stress situations. Hsp90s are highly conserved and ubiquitous proteins, and in mammalian cells, they are localized in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Cytoplasmic Hsp90 are named Hsp90α and Hsp90β and differ mainly in their expression pattern: Hsp90α is expressed under stress conditions, while Hsp90β is a constitutive protein. Structurally, both share the same characteristics by presenting three well-conserved domains, one of which, the N-terminal domain, has a binding site for ATP to which various drugs targeting this protein, including radicicol, can bind. The protein is mainly found in dimeric form and adopts different conformations depending on the presence of ligands, co-chaperones and client proteins. In this study, some aspects of structure and thermal unfolding of cytoplasmic human Hsp90 were analysed by infrared spectroscopy. The effect on Hsp90β of binding with a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue and radicicol was also examined. The results obtained showed that despite the high similarity in secondary structure the two isoforms exhibit substantial differences in their behaviour during thermal unfolding, as Hsp90α exhibits higher thermal stability, slower denaturation process and different event sequence during unfolding. Ligand binding strongly stabilizes Hsp90β and slightly modifies the secondary structure of the protein as well. Most likely, these structural and thermostability characteristics are closely related to the conformational cycling of the chaperone and its propensity to exist in monomer or dimer form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ausili
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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10
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Amatya E, Blagg BSJ. Recent advances toward the development of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129111. [PMID: 36549397 PMCID: PMC9869726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a dynamic protein which serves to ensure proper folding of nascent client proteins, regulate transcriptional responses to environmental stress and guide misfolded and damaged proteins to destruction via ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Recent advances in the field of Hsp90 have been made through development of isoform selective inhibitors, Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors and disruption of protein-protein interactions. These approaches have led to alleviation of adverse off-target effects caused by pan-inhibition of Hsp90 using N-terminal inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of relevant advances on targeting the Hsp90 C-terminal Domain (CTD) and the development of Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors (CTIs) since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Amatya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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11
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Chang C, Tang X, Woodley DT, Chen M, Li W. The Distinct Assignments for Hsp90α and Hsp90β: More Than Skin Deep. Cells 2023; 12:277. [PMID: 36672211 PMCID: PMC9857327 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the undisputable definition of the cytosolic Hsp90α and hsp90β proteins being evolutionarily conserved, ATP-driven chaperones has ruled basic research and clinical trials. The results of recent studies, however, have fundamentally challenged this paradigm, not to mention the spectacular failures of the paradigm-based clinical trials in cancer and beyond. We now know that Hsp90α and Hsp90β are both ubiquitously expressed in all cell types but assigned for distinct and irreplaceable functions. Hsp90β is essential during mouse development and Hsp90α only maintains male reproductivity in adult mice. Neither Hsp90β nor Hsp90α could substitute each other under these biological processes. Hsp90β alone maintains cell survival in culture and Hsp90α cannot substitute it. Hsp90α also has extracellular functions under stress and Hsp90β does not. The dramatic difference in the steady-state expression of Hsp90 in different mouse organs is due to the variable expressions of Hsp90α. The lowest expression of Hsp90 is less than 2% and the highest expression of Hsp90 is 9% among non-transformed cell lines. The two linker regions only take up less than 5% of the Hsp90 proteins, but harbor 21% of the total amino acid substitutions, i.e., 40% in comparison to the 86% overall amino acid homology. A full understanding of the distinctions between Hsp90α and Hsp90β could lead to new, safe and effective therapeutics targeting Hsp90 in human disorders such as cancer. This is the first comprehensive review of a comparison between the two cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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12
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Abstract
Protein homeostasis relies on a balance between protein folding and protein degradation. Molecular chaperones like Hsp70 and Hsp90 fulfill well-defined roles in protein folding and conformational stability via ATP-dependent reaction cycles. These folding cycles are controlled by associations with a cohort of non-client protein co-chaperones, such as Hop, p23, and Aha1. Pro-folding co-chaperones facilitate the transit of the client protein through the chaperone-mediated folding process. However, chaperones are also involved in proteasomal and lysosomal degradation of client proteins. Like folding complexes, the ability of chaperones to mediate protein degradation is regulated by co-chaperones, such as the C-terminal Hsp70-binding protein (CHIP/STUB1). CHIP binds to Hsp70 and Hsp90 chaperones through its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain and functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase using a modified RING finger domain (U-box). This unique combination of domains effectively allows CHIP to network chaperone complexes to the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagosome-lysosome systems. This chapter reviews the current understanding of CHIP as a co-chaperone that switches Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone complexes from protein folding to protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abantika Chakraborty
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Adrienne L Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
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13
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p23 and Aha1: Distinct Functions Promote Client Maturation. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:159-187. [PMID: 36520307 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a conserved molecular chaperone regulating the folding and activation of a diverse array of several hundreds of client proteins. The function of Hsp90 in client processing is fine-tuned by a cohort of co-chaperones that modulate client activation in a client-specific manner. They affect the Hsp90 ATPase activity and the recruitment of client proteins and can in addition affect chaperoning in an Hsp90-independent way. p23 and Aha1 are central Hsp90 co-chaperones that regulate Hsp90 in opposing ways. While p23 inhibits the Hsp90 ATPase and stabilizes a client-bound Hsp90 state, Aha1 accelerates ATP hydrolysis and competes with client binding to Hsp90. Even though both proteins have been intensively studied for decades, research of the last few years has revealed intriguing new aspects of these co-chaperones that expanded our perception of how they regulate client activation. Here, we review the progress in understanding p23 and Aha1 as promoters of client processing. We highlight the structures of Aha1 and p23, their interaction with Hsp90, and how their association with Hsp90 affects the conformational cycle of Hsp90 in the context of client maturation.
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14
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Backe SJ, Woodford MR, Ahanin E, Sager RA, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Impact of Co-chaperones and Posttranslational Modifications Toward Hsp90 Drug Sensitivity. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:319-350. [PMID: 36520312 PMCID: PMC10077965 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate myriad cellular processes by modulating protein function and protein-protein interaction. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose activity is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of more than 300 client proteins. Hsp90 is a substrate for numerous PTMs, which have diverse effects on Hsp90 function. Interestingly, many Hsp90 clients are enzymes that catalyze PTM, demonstrating one of the several modes of regulation of Hsp90 activity. Approximately 25 co-chaperone regulatory proteins of Hsp90 impact structural rearrangements, ATP hydrolysis, and client interaction, representing a second layer of influence on Hsp90 activity. A growing body of literature has also established that PTM of these co-chaperones fine-tune their activity toward Hsp90; however, many of the identified PTMs remain uncharacterized. Given the critical role of Hsp90 in supporting signaling in cancer, clinical evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors is an area of great interest. Interestingly, differential PTM and co-chaperone interaction have been shown to impact Hsp90 binding to its inhibitors. Therefore, understanding these layers of Hsp90 regulation will provide a more complete understanding of the chaperone code, facilitating the development of new biomarkers and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elham Ahanin
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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15
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Prodromou C, Aran-Guiu X, Oberoi J, Perna L, Chapple JP, van der Spuy J. HSP70-HSP90 Chaperone Networking in Protein-Misfolding Disease. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:389-425. [PMID: 36520314 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones and their associated co-chaperones are essential in health and disease as they are key facilitators of protein-folding, quality control and function. In particular, the heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 and HSP90 molecular chaperone networks have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases caused by aberrant protein-folding. The pathogenesis of these disorders usually includes the formation of deposits of misfolded, aggregated protein. HSP70 and HSP90, plus their co-chaperones, have been recognised as potent modulators of misfolded protein toxicity, inclusion formation and cell survival in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, these chaperone machines function not only in folding but also in proteasome-mediated degradation of neurodegenerative disease proteins. This chapter gives an overview of the HSP70 and HSP90 chaperones, and their respective regulatory co-chaperones, and explores how the HSP70 and HSP90 chaperone systems form a larger functional network and its relevance to counteracting neurodegenerative disease associated with misfolded proteins and disruption of proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavi Aran-Guiu
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Jasmeen Oberoi
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Laura Perna
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J Paul Chapple
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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16
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Jamabo M, Bentley SJ, Macucule-Tinga P, Tembo P, Edkins AL, Boshoff A. In silico analysis of the HSP90 chaperone system from the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:947078. [PMID: 36213128 PMCID: PMC9538636 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.947078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) and spread by the tsetse fly in sub-Saharan Africa. The trypanosome relies on heat shock proteins for survival in the insect vector and mammalian host. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) plays a crucial role in the stress response at the cellular level. Inhibition of its interactions with chaperones and co-chaperones is being explored as a potential therapeutic target for numerous diseases. This study provides an in silico overview of HSP90 and its co-chaperones in both T. brucei brucei and T. brucei gambiense in relation to human and other trypanosomal species, including non-parasitic Bodo saltans and the insect infecting Crithidia fasciculata. A structural analysis of T. brucei HSP90 revealed differences in the orientation of the linker and C-terminal domain in comparison to human HSP90. Phylogenetic analysis displayed the T. brucei HSP90 proteins clustering into three distinct groups based on subcellular localizations, namely, cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Syntenic analysis of cytosolic HSP90 genes revealed that T. b. brucei encoded for 10 tandem copies, while T. b. gambiense encoded for three tandem copies; Leishmania major (L. major) had the highest gene copy number with 17 tandem copies. The updated information on HSP90 from recently published proteomics on T. brucei was examined for different life cycle stages and subcellular localizations. The results show a difference between T. b. brucei and T. b. gambiense with T. b. brucei encoding a total of twelve putative HSP90 genes, while T. b. gambiense encodes five HSP90 genes. Eighteen putative co-chaperones were identified with one notable absence being cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37). These results provide an updated framework on approaching HSP90 and its interactions as drug targets in the African trypanosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miebaka Jamabo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | | | - Praise Tembo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Aileen Boshoff,
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17
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Shao H, Taguwa S, Gilbert L, Shkedi A, Sannino S, Guerriero CJ, Gale-Day ZJ, Young ZT, Brodsky JL, Weissman J, Gestwicki JE, Frydman J. A campaign targeting a conserved Hsp70 binding site uncovers how subcellular localization is linked to distinct biological activities. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1303-1316.e3. [PMID: 35830852 PMCID: PMC9513760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The potential of small molecules to localize within subcellular compartments is rarely explored. To probe this question, we measured the localization of Hsp70 inhibitors using fluorescence microscopy. We found that even closely related analogs had dramatically different distributions, with some residing predominantly in the mitochondria and others in the ER. CRISPRi screens supported this idea, showing that different compounds had distinct chemogenetic interactions with Hsp70s of the ER (HSPA5/BiP) and mitochondria (HSPA9/mortalin) and their co-chaperones. Moreover, localization seemed to determine function, even for molecules with conserved binding sites. Compounds with distinct partitioning have distinct anti-proliferative activity in breast cancer cells compared with anti-viral activity in cellular models of Dengue virus replication, likely because different sets of Hsp70s are required in these processes. These findings highlight the contributions of subcellular partitioning and chemogenetic interactions to small molecule activity, features that are rarely explored during medicinal chemistry campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shuhei Taguwa
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Laboratory of Virus Control, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Luke Gilbert
- Department of Urology and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Arielle Shkedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sara Sannino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Zachary J Gale-Day
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zapporah T Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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18
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Sager RA, Khan F, Toneatto L, Votra SD, Backe SJ, Woodford MR, Mollapour M, Bourboulia D. Targeting extracellular Hsp90: A unique frontier against cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:982593. [PMID: 36060252 PMCID: PMC9428293 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.982593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) is known to interact with over 300 client proteins as well as regulatory factors (eg. nucleotide and proteins) that facilitate execution of its role as a chaperone and, ultimately, client protein activation. Hsp90 associates transiently with these molecular modulators during an eventful chaperone cycle, resulting in acquisition of flexible structural conformations, perfectly customized to the needs of each one of its client proteins. Due to the plethora and diverse nature of proteins it supports, the Hsp90 chaperone machinery is critical for normal cellular function particularly in response to stress. In diseases such as cancer, the Hsp90 chaperone machinery is hijacked for processes which encompass many of the hallmarks of cancer, including cell growth, survival, immune response evasion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Elevated levels of extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90) enhance tumorigenesis and the potential for metastasis. eHsp90 has been considered one of the new targets in the development of anti-cancer drugs as there are various stages of cancer progression where eHsp90 function could be targeted. Our limited understanding of the regulation of the eHsp90 chaperone machinery is a major drawback for designing successful Hsp90-targeted therapies, and more research is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Farzana Khan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Lorenzo Toneatto
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - SarahBeth D. Votra
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Sarah J. Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Mark R. Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Dimitra Bourboulia,
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19
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Ernst K. Requirement of Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis/Trans isomerases and chaperones for cellular uptake of bacterial AB-type toxins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:938015. [PMID: 35992160 PMCID: PMC9387773 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.938015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial AB-type toxins are proteins released by the producing bacteria and are the causative agents for several severe diseases including cholera, whooping cough, diphtheria or enteric diseases. Their unique AB-type structure enables their uptake into mammalian cells via sophisticated mechanisms exploiting cellular uptake and transport pathways. The binding/translocation B-subunit facilitates binding of the toxin to a specific receptor on the cell surface. This is followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Then the enzymatically active A-subunit either escapes from endosomes in a pH-dependent manner or the toxin is further transported through the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum from where the A-subunit translocates into the cytosol. In the cytosol, the A-subunits enzymatically modify a specific substrate which leads to cellular reactions resulting in clinical symptoms that can be life-threatening. Both intracellular uptake routes require the A-subunit to unfold to either fit through a pore formed by the B-subunit into the endosomal membrane or to be recognized by the ER-associated degradation pathway. This led to the hypothesis that folding helper enzymes such as chaperones and peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases are required to assist the translocation of the A-subunit into the cytosol and/or facilitate their refolding into an enzymatically active conformation. This review article gives an overview about the role of heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp70 as well as of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases of the cyclophilin and FK506 binding protein families during uptake of bacterial AB-type toxins with a focus on clostridial binary toxins Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, Clostridioides difficile CDT toxin, as well as diphtheria toxin, pertussis toxin and cholera toxin.
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20
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Keramisanou D, Vasantha Kumar M, Boose N, Abzalimov RR, Gelis I. Assembly mechanism of early Hsp90-Cdc37-kinase complexes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9294. [PMID: 35294247 PMCID: PMC8926337 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones have an essential role for the maintenance of a balanced protein homeostasis. Here, we investigate how protein kinases are recruited and loaded to the Hsp90-Cdc37 complex, the first step during Hsp90-mediated chaperoning that leads to enhanced client kinase stability and activation. We show that conformational dynamics of all partners is a critical feature of the underlying loading mechanism. The kinome co-chaperone Cdc37 exists primarily in a dynamic extended conformation but samples a low-populated, well-defined compact structure. Exchange between these two states is maintained in an assembled Hsp90-Cdc37 complex and is necessary for substrate loading. Breathing motions at the N-lobe of a free kinase domain partially expose the kinase segment trapped in the Hsp90 dimer downstream in the cycle. Thus, client dynamics poise for chaperone dependence. Hsp90 is not directly involved during loading, and Cdc37 is assigned the task of sensing clients by stabilizing the preexisting partially unfolded client state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole Boose
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Rinat R. Abzalimov
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Ioannis Gelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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21
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Dahiya V, Rutz DA, Moessmer P, Mühlhofer M, Lawatscheck J, Rief M, Buchner J. The switch from client holding to folding in the Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone machineries is regulated by a direct interplay between co-chaperones. Mol Cell 2022; 82:1543-1556.e6. [PMID: 35176233 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Folding of stringent clients requires transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90. The co-chaperone Hop physically connects the chaperone machineries. Here, we define its role from the remodeling of Hsp70/40-client complexes to the mechanism of client transfer and the conformational switching from stalled to active client-processing states of Hsp90. We show that Hsp70 together with Hsp40 completely unfold a stringent client, the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain (GR-LBD) in large assemblies. Hop remodels these for efficient transfer onto Hsp90. As p23 enters, Hsp70 leaves the complex via switching between binding sites in Hop. Current concepts assume that to proceed to client folding, Hop dissociates and the co-chaperone p23 stabilizes the Hsp90 closed state. In contrast, we show that p23 functionally interacts with Hop, relieves the stalling Hsp90-Hop interaction, and closes Hsp90. This reaction allows folding of the client and is thus the key regulatory step for the progression of the chaperone cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Dahiya
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Daniel Andreas Rutz
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Patrick Moessmer
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Physik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Moritz Mühlhofer
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jannis Lawatscheck
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Rief
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Physik, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Protein Assemblies and Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
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22
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Biebl MM, Delhommel F, Faust O, Zak KM, Agam G, Guo X, Mühlhofer M, Dahiya V, Hillebrand D, Popowicz GM, Kampmann M, Lamb DC, Rosenzweig R, Sattler M, Buchner J. NudC guides client transfer between the Hsp40/70 and Hsp90 chaperone systems. Mol Cell 2022; 82:555-569.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Giannoulis A, Feintuch A, Unger T, Amir S, Goldfarb D. Monitoring the Conformation of the Sba1/Hsp90 Complex in the Presence of Nucleotides with Mn(II)-Based Double Electron-Electron Resonance. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12235-12241. [PMID: 34928609 PMCID: PMC8724802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hsp90 is an important molecular chaperone that facilitates the maturation of client proteins. It is a homodimer, and its function depends on a conformational cycle controlled by ATP hydrolysis and co-chaperones binding. We explored the binding of co-chaperone Sba1 to yeast Hsp90 (yHsp90) and the associated conformational change of yHsp90 in the pre- and post-ATP hydrolysis states by double electron-electron resonance (DEER) distance measurements. We substituted the Mg(II) cofactor at the ATPase site with paramagnetic Mn(II) and established the binding of Sba1 by measuring the distance between Mn(II) and a nitroxide (NO) spin-label on Sba1. Then, Mn(II)-NO DEER measurements on yHsp90 labeled with NO at the N-terminal domain detected the shift toward the closed conformation for both hydrolysis states. Finally, Mn(II)-Mn(II) DEER showed that Sba1 induced a closed conformation different from those with just bound Mn(II)·nucleotides. Our results provide structural experimental evidence for the binding of Sba1 tuning the closed conformation of yHsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Giannoulis
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Akiva Feintuch
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tamar Unger
- Structural
Proteomics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shiran Amir
- Structural
Proteomics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Daniella Goldfarb
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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24
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Johnson JL. Mutations in Hsp90 Cochaperones Result in a Wide Variety of Human Disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:787260. [PMID: 34957217 PMCID: PMC8694271 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.787260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp90 molecular chaperone, along with a set of approximately 50 cochaperones, mediates the folding and activation of hundreds of cellular proteins in an ATP-dependent cycle. Cochaperones differ in how they interact with Hsp90 and their ability to modulate ATPase activity of Hsp90. Cochaperones often compete for the same binding site on Hsp90, and changes in levels of cochaperone expression that occur during neurodegeneration, cancer, or aging may result in altered Hsp90-cochaperone complexes and client activity. This review summarizes information about loss-of-function mutations of individual cochaperones and discusses the overall association of cochaperone alterations with a broad range of diseases. Cochaperone mutations result in ciliary or muscle defects, neurological development or degeneration disorders, and other disorders. In many cases, diseases were linked to defects in established cochaperone-client interactions. A better understanding of the functional consequences of defective cochaperones will provide new insights into their functions and may lead to specialized approaches to modulate Hsp90 functions and treat some of these human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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25
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With or without You: Co-Chaperones Mediate Health and Disease by Modifying Chaperone Function and Protein Triage. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113121. [PMID: 34831344 PMCID: PMC8619055 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of molecular chaperones that regulate essential protein refolding and triage decisions to maintain protein homeostasis. Numerous co-chaperone proteins directly interact and modify the function of HSPs, and these interactions impact the outcome of protein triage, impacting everything from structural proteins to cell signaling mediators. The chaperone/co-chaperone machinery protects against various stressors to ensure cellular function in the face of stress. However, coding mutations, expression changes, and post-translational modifications of the chaperone/co-chaperone machinery can alter the cellular stress response. Importantly, these dysfunctions appear to contribute to numerous human diseases. Therapeutic targeting of chaperones is an attractive but challenging approach due to the vast functions of HSPs, likely contributing to the off-target effects of these therapies. Current efforts focus on targeting co-chaperones to develop precise treatments for numerous diseases caused by defects in protein quality control. This review focuses on the recent developments regarding selected HSP70/HSP90 co-chaperones, with a concentration on cardioprotection, neuroprotection, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. We also discuss therapeutic approaches that highlight both the utility and challenges of targeting co-chaperones.
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26
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Stofberg ML, Caillet C, de Villiers M, Zininga T. Inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum Hsp90 towards Selective Antimalarial Drug Design: The Past, Present and Future. Cells 2021; 10:2849. [PMID: 34831072 PMCID: PMC8616389 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is still one of the major killer parasitic diseases in tropical settings, posing a public health threat. The development of antimalarial drug resistance is reversing the gains made in attempts to control the disease. The parasite leads a complex life cycle that has adapted to outwit almost all known antimalarial drugs to date, including the first line of treatment, artesunate. There is a high unmet need to develop new strategies and identify novel therapeutics to reverse antimalarial drug resistance development. Among the strategies, here we focus and discuss the merits of the development of antimalarials targeting the Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) due to the central role it plays in protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (M.L.S.); (C.C.); (M.d.V.)
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27
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Birbo B, Madu EE, Madu CO, Jain A, Lu Y. Role of HSP90 in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910317. [PMID: 34638658 PMCID: PMC8508648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP90 is a vital chaperone protein conserved across all organisms. As a chaperone protein, it correctly folds client proteins. Structurally, this protein is a dimer with monomer subunits that consist of three main conserved domains known as the N-terminal domain, middle domain, and the C-terminal domain. Multiple isoforms of HSP90 exist, and these isoforms share high homology. These isoforms are present both within the cell and outside the cell. Isoforms HSP90α and HSP90β are present in the cytoplasm; TRAP1 is present in the mitochondria; and GRP94 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and is likely secreted due to post-translational modifications (PTM). HSP90 is also secreted into an extracellular environment via an exosome pathway that differs from the classic secretion pathway. Various co-chaperones are necessary for HSP90 to function. Elevated levels of HSP90 have been observed in patients with cancer. Despite this observation, the possible role of HSP90 in cancer was overlooked because the chaperone was also present in extreme amounts in normal cells and was vital to normal cell function, as observed when the drastic adverse effects resulting from gene knockout inhibited the production of this protein. Differences between normal HSP90 and HSP90 of the tumor phenotype have been better understood and have aided in making the chaperone protein a target for cancer drugs. One difference is in the conformation: HSP90 of the tumor phenotype is more susceptible to inhibitors. Since overexpression of HSP90 is a factor in tumorigenesis, HSP90 inhibitors have been studied to combat the adverse effects of HSP90 overexpression. Monotherapies using HSP90 inhibitors have shown some success; however, combination therapies have shown better results and are thus being studied for a more effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Birbo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Elechi E. Madu
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (E.E.M.); (C.O.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Chikezie O. Madu
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (E.E.M.); (C.O.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Aayush Jain
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (E.E.M.); (C.O.M.); (A.J.)
| | - Yi Lu
- Health Science Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(901)-448-5436; Fax: +1-(901)-448-5496
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28
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Biebl MM, Riedl M, Buchner J. Hsp90 Co-chaperones Form Plastic Genetic Networks Adapted to Client Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108063. [PMID: 32846121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone regulating the activity of diverse client proteins together with a plethora of different co-chaperones. Whether these functionally cooperate has remained enigmatic. We analyze all double mutants of 11 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp90 co-chaperones in vivo concerning effects on cell physiology and the activation of specific client proteins. We find that client activation is supported by a genetic network with weak epistasis between most co-chaperones and a few modules with strong genetic interactions. These include an epistatic module regulating protein translation and dedicated epistatic networks for specific clients. For kinases, the bridging of Hsp70 and Hsp90 by Sti1/Hop is essential for activation, whereas for steroid hormone receptors, an epistatic module regulating their dwell time on Hsp90 is crucial, highlighting the specific needs of different clients. Thus, the Hsp90 system is characterized by plastic co-chaperone networks fine-tuning the conformational processing in a client-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Maximilian Riedl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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29
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Serwetnyk MA, Blagg BS. The disruption of protein-protein interactions with co-chaperones and client substrates as a strategy towards Hsp90 inhibition. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1446-1468. [PMID: 34221862 PMCID: PMC8245820 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 90-kiloDalton (kD) heat shock protein (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous, ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose primary function is to ensure the proper folding of several hundred client protein substrates. Because many of these clients are overexpressed or become mutated during cancer progression, Hsp90 inhibition has been pursued as a potential strategy for cancer as one can target multiple oncoproteins and signaling pathways simultaneously. The first discovered Hsp90 inhibitors, geldanamycin and radicicol, function by competitively binding to Hsp90's N-terminal binding site and inhibiting its ATPase activity. However, most of these N-terminal inhibitors exhibited detrimental activities during clinical evaluation due to induction of the pro-survival heat shock response as well as poor selectivity amongst the four isoforms. Consequently, alternative approaches to Hsp90 inhibition have been pursued and include C-terminal inhibition, isoform-selective inhibition, and the disruption of Hsp90 protein-protein interactions. Since the Hsp90 protein folding cycle requires the assembly of Hsp90 into a large heteroprotein complex, along with various co-chaperones and immunophilins, the development of small molecules that prevent assembly of the complex offers an alternative method of Hsp90 inhibition.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Aha1, activator of Hsp90 ATPase homologue 1
- CTD, C-terminal domain
- Cdc37, cell division cycle 37
- Disruptors
- Grp94, 94-kD glucose-regulated protein
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducing factor-1α
- HIP, Hsp70-interaction protein
- HOP, Hsp70‒Hsp90 organizing protein
- HSQC, heteronuclear single quantum coherence
- Her-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2
- Hsp90
- Hsp90, 90-kD heat shock protein
- MD, middle domain
- NTD, N-terminal domain
- Natural products
- PPI, protein−protein interaction
- Peptidomimetics
- Protein−protein interactions
- SAHA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SUMO, small ubiquitin-like modifier
- Small molecules
- TPR2A, tetratricopeptide-containing repeat 2A
- TRAP1, Hsp75tumor necrosis factor receptor associated protein 1
- TROSY, transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy
- hERG, human ether-à-go-go-related gene
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Hohrman K, Gonçalves D, Morano KA, Johnson JL. Disrupting progression of the yeast Hsp90 folding pathway at different transition points results in client-specific maturation defects. Genetics 2021; 217:iyab009. [PMID: 33789348 PMCID: PMC8045699 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein molecular chaperone Hsp90 (Heat shock protein, 90 kilodalton) plays multiple roles in the biogenesis and regulation of client proteins impacting myriad aspects of cellular physiology. Amino acid alterations located throughout Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp90 have been shown to result in reduced client activity and temperature-sensitive growth defects. Although some Hsp90 mutants have been shown to affect activity of particular clients more than others, the mechanistic basis of client-specific effects is unknown. We found that Hsp90 mutants that disrupt the early step of Hsp70 and Sti1 interaction, or show reduced ability to adopt the ATP-bound closed conformation characterized by Sba1 and Cpr6 interaction, similarly disrupt activity of three diverse clients, Utp21, Ssl2, and v-src. In contrast, mutants that appear to alter other steps in the folding pathway had more limited effects on client activity. Protein expression profiling provided additional evidence that mutants that alter similar steps in the folding cycle cause similar in vivo consequences. Our characterization of these mutants provides new insight into how Hsp90 and cochaperones identify and interact with diverse clients, information essential for designing pharmaceutical approaches to selectively inhibit Hsp90 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Hohrman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Davi Gonçalves
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin A Morano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
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31
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Hu H, Wang Q, Du J, Liu Z, Ding Y, Xue H, Zhou C, Feng L, Zhang N. Aha1 Exhibits Distinctive Dynamics Behavior and Chaperone-Like Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071943. [PMID: 33808352 PMCID: PMC8037086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aha1 is the only co-chaperone known to strongly stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp90. Meanwhile, besides the well-studied co-chaperone function, human Aha1 has also been demonstrated to exhibit chaperoning activity against stress-denatured proteins. To provide structural insights for a better understanding of Aha1's co-chaperone and chaperone-like activities, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to reveal the unique structure and internal dynamics features of full-length human Aha1. We then found that, in solution, both the two domains of Aha1 presented distinctive thermal stabilities and dynamics behaviors defined by their primary sequences and three-dimensional structures. The low thermal stability (melting temperature of Aha128-162: 54.45 °C) and the internal dynamics featured with slow motions on the µs-ms time scale were detected for Aha1's N-terminal domain (Aha1N). The aforementioned experimental results suggest that Aha1N is in an energy-unfavorable state, which would therefore thermostatically favor the interaction of Aha1N with its partner proteins such as Hsp90's middle domain. Differently from Aha1N, Aha1C (Aha1's C-terminal domain) exhibited enhanced thermal stability (melting temperature of Aha1204-335: 72.41 °C) and the internal dynamics featured with intermediate motions on the ps-ns time scale. Aha1C's thermal and structural stabilities make it competent for the stabilization of the exposed hydrophobic groove of dimerized Hsp90's N-terminal domain. Of note, according to the NMR data and the thermal shift results, although the very N-terminal region (M1-W27) and the C-terminal relaxin-like factor (RLF) motif showed no tight contacts with the remaining parts of human Aha1, they were identified to play important roles in the recognition of intrinsically disordered pathological α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Hu
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Y.D.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Qing Wang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingwen Du
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Y.D.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Zhijun Liu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, ZhangJiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Z.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Yiluan Ding
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Y.D.)
| | - Hongjuan Xue
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, ZhangJiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; (Z.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Chen Zhou
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (L.F.); (N.Z.)
| | - Linyin Feng
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (L.F.); (N.Z.)
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (H.H.); (J.D.); (Y.D.)
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (L.F.); (N.Z.)
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32
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The Hsp70-Hsp90 go-between Hop/Stip1/Sti1 is a proteostatic switch and may be a drug target in cancer and neurodegeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7257-7273. [PMID: 34677645 PMCID: PMC8629791 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Hsp70 and Hsp90 molecular chaperone systems are critical regulators of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in eukaryotes under normal and stressed conditions. The Hsp70 and Hsp90 systems physically and functionally interact to ensure cellular proteostasis. Co-chaperones interact with Hsp70 and Hsp90 to regulate and to promote their molecular chaperone functions. Mammalian Hop, also called Stip1, and its budding yeast ortholog Sti1 are eukaryote-specific co-chaperones, which have been thought to be essential for substrate ("client") transfer from Hsp70 to Hsp90. Substrate transfer is facilitated by the ability of Hop to interact simultaneously with Hsp70 and Hsp90 as part of a ternary complex. Intriguingly, in prokaryotes, which lack a Hop ortholog, the Hsp70 and Hsp90 orthologs interact directly. Recent evidence shows that eukaryotic Hsp70 and Hsp90 can also form a prokaryote-like binary chaperone complex in the absence of Hop, and that this binary complex displays enhanced protein folding and anti-aggregation activities. The canonical Hsp70-Hop-Hsp90 ternary chaperone complex is essential for optimal maturation and stability of a small subset of clients, including the glucocorticoid receptor, the tyrosine kinase v-Src, and the 26S/30S proteasome. Whereas many cancers have increased levels of Hop, the levels of Hop decrease in the aging human brain. Since Hop is not essential in all eukaryotic cells and organisms, tuning Hop levels or activity might be beneficial for the treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration.
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33
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Dean ME, Johnson JL. Human Hsp90 cochaperones: perspectives on tissue-specific expression and identification of cochaperones with similar in vivo functions. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:3-13. [PMID: 33037995 PMCID: PMC7736379 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp90 molecular chaperone is required for the function of hundreds of different cellular proteins. Hsp90 and a cohort of interacting proteins called cochaperones interact with clients in an ATP-dependent cycle. Cochaperone functions include targeting clients to Hsp90, regulating Hsp90 ATPase activity, and/or promoting Hsp90 conformational changes as it progresses through the cycle. Over the last 20 years, the list of cochaperones identified in human cells has grown from the initial six identified in complex with steroid hormone receptors and protein kinases to about fifty different cochaperones found in Hsp90-client complexes. These cochaperones may be placed into three groups based on shared Hsp90 interaction domains. Available evidence indicates that cochaperones vary in client specificity, abundance, and tissue distribution. Many of the cochaperones have critical roles in regulation of cancer and neurodegeneration. A more limited set of cochaperones have cellular functions that may be limited to tissues such as muscle and testis. It is likely that a small set of cochaperones are part of the core Hsp90 machinery required for the folding of a wide range of clients. The presence of more selective cochaperones may allow greater control of Hsp90 activities across different tissues or during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Dean
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA
| | - Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.
- Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA.
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34
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Edkins AL, Boshoff A. General Structural and Functional Features of Molecular Chaperones. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1340:11-73. [PMID: 34569020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a group of structurally diverse and highly conserved ubiquitous proteins. They play crucial roles in facilitating the correct folding of proteins in vivo by preventing protein aggregation or facilitating the appropriate folding and assembly of proteins. Heat shock proteins form the major class of molecular chaperones that are responsible for protein folding events in the cell. This is achieved by ATP-dependent (folding machines) or ATP-independent mechanisms (holders). Heat shock proteins are induced by a variety of stresses, besides heat shock. The large and varied heat shock protein class is categorised into several subfamilies based on their sizes in kDa namely, small Hsps (HSPB), J domain proteins (Hsp40/DNAJ), Hsp60 (HSPD/E; Chaperonins), Hsp70 (HSPA), Hsp90 (HSPC), and Hsp100. Heat shock proteins are localised to different compartments in the cell to carry out tasks specific to their environment. Most heat shock proteins form large oligomeric structures, and their functions are usually regulated by a variety of cochaperones and cofactors. Heat shock proteins do not function in isolation but are rather part of the chaperone network in the cell. The general structural and functional features of the major heat shock protein families are discussed, including their roles in human disease. Their function is particularly important in disease due to increased stress in the cell. Vector-borne parasites affecting human health encounter stress during transmission between invertebrate vectors and mammalian hosts. Members of the main classes of heat shock proteins are all represented in Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of cerebral malaria, and they play specific functions in differentiation, cytoprotection, signal transduction, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
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35
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Lott A, Oroz J, Zweckstetter M. Molecular basis of the interaction of Hsp90 with its co-chaperone Hop. Protein Sci 2020; 29:2422-2432. [PMID: 33040396 PMCID: PMC7679967 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein (Hsp) Hsp90 is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell. It controls the functional turnover of proteins being involved in protein folding, refolding, transport as well as protein degradation. Co-chaperones influence Hsp90's activity in different ways, among which the Hsp organizing protein (Hop) was found to inhibit its ATP hydrolysis upon binding. Despite the availability of a number of studies investigating the Hsp90:Hop complex, several aspects of the Hsp90:Hop interaction have remained unresolved. Here, we employed a combinatory approach comprising native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isothermal titration calorimetry, multiangle light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry, small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and nuclear magnetic resonance, spectroscopy to obtain a comprehensive picture about the human Hsp90β:Hop association in solution. Our data show that only one Hop molecule binds the Hsp90β dimer, Hop can interact with the open and closed state of Hsp90β, and Hop's TPR2A-2B domains determine the affinity for Hsp90's C-terminal and middle domain, whereby the interaction with the C-terminal domain of Hsp90β is sufficient to induce an allosteric conformational change between the two Hsp90β monomers in the Hsp902 :Hop1 complex. Together, this study highlights the important role of the co-chaperone Hop in reorganizing Hsp90 for efficient client loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Javier Oroz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.,Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Darby JF, Vidler LR, Simpson PJ, Al-Lazikani B, Matthews SJ, Sharp SY, Pearl LH, Hoelder S, Workman P. Solution structure of the Hop TPR2A domain and investigation of target druggability by NMR, biochemical and in silico approaches. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16000. [PMID: 32994435 PMCID: PMC7524759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that plays an important role in tumour biology by promoting the stabilisation and activity of oncogenic 'client' proteins. Inhibition of Hsp90 by small-molecule drugs, acting via its ATP hydrolysis site, has shown promise as a molecularly targeted cancer therapy. Owing to the importance of Hop and other tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing cochaperones in regulating Hsp90 activity, the Hsp90-TPR domain interface is an alternative site for inhibitors, which could result in effects distinct from ATP site binders. The TPR binding site of Hsp90 cochaperones includes a shallow, positively charged groove that poses a significant challenge for druggability. Herein, we report the apo, solution-state structure of Hop TPR2A which enables this target for NMR-based screening approaches. We have designed prototype TPR ligands that mimic key native 'carboxylate clamp' interactions between Hsp90 and its TPR cochaperones and show that they block binding between Hop TPR2A and the Hsp90 C-terminal MEEVD peptide. We confirm direct TPR-binding of these ligands by mapping 1H-15N HSQC chemical shift perturbations to our new NMR structure. Our work provides a novel structure, a thorough assessment of druggability and robust screening approaches that may offer a potential route, albeit difficult, to address the chemically challenging nature of the Hop TPR2A target, with relevance to other TPR domain interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Darby
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lewis R Vidler
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Peter J Simpson
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Bruker UK Ltd, Banner Lane, Coventry, CV4 9GH, UK
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikani
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Stephen J Matthews
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Swee Y Sharp
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Laurence H Pearl
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Swen Hoelder
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Convergence Science Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research and Imperial College London, London, UK.
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37
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Glucocorticoid receptor complexes form cooperatively with the Hsp90 co-chaperones Pp5 and FKBPs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10733. [PMID: 32612187 PMCID: PMC7329908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of steroid receptors in the cell depends on the chaperone machinery of Hsp90, as Hsp90 primes steroid receptors for hormone binding and transcriptional activation. Several conserved proteins are known to additionally participate in receptor chaperone assemblies, but the regulation of the process is not understood in detail. Also, it is unknown to what extent the contribution of these cofactors is conserved in other eukaryotes. We here examine the reconstituted C. elegans and human chaperone assemblies. We find that the nematode phosphatase PPH-5 and the prolyl isomerase FKB-6 facilitate the formation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) complexes with Hsp90. Within these complexes, Hsp90 can perform its closing reaction more efficiently. By combining chemical crosslinking and mass spectrometry, we define contact sites within these assemblies. Compared to the nematode Hsp90 system, the human system shows less cooperative client interaction and a stricter requirement for the co-chaperone p23 to complete the closing reaction of GR·Hsp90·Pp5/Fkbp51/Fkbp52 complexes. In both systems, hormone binding to GR is accelerated by Hsp90 alone and in the presence of its cofactors. Our results show that cooperative complex formation and hormone binding patterns are, in many aspects, conserved between the nematode and human systems.
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38
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Backe SJ, Sager RA, Woodford MR, Makedon AM, Mollapour M. Post-translational modifications of Hsp90 and translating the chaperone code. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11099-11117. [PMID: 32527727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have a remarkable ability to synthesize large amounts of protein in a very short period of time. Under these conditions, many hydrophobic surfaces on proteins may be transiently exposed, and the likelihood of deleterious interactions is quite high. To counter this threat to cell viability, molecular chaperones have evolved to help nascent polypeptides fold correctly and multimeric protein complexes assemble productively, while minimizing the danger of protein aggregation. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperone that is involved in the stability and activation of at least 300 proteins, also known as clients, under normal cellular conditions. The Hsp90 clients participate in the full breadth of cellular processes, including cell growth and cell cycle control, signal transduction, DNA repair, transcription, and many others. Hsp90 chaperone function is coupled to its ability to bind and hydrolyze ATP, which is tightly regulated both by co-chaperone proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Many reported PTMs of Hsp90 alter chaperone function and consequently affect myriad cellular processes. Here, we review the contributions of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, methylation, O-GlcNAcylation, ubiquitination, and others, toward regulation of Hsp90 function. We also discuss how the Hsp90 modification state affects cellular sensitivity to Hsp90-targeted therapeutics that specifically bind and inhibit its chaperone activity. The ultimate challenge is to decipher the comprehensive and combinatorial array of PTMs that modulate Hsp90 chaperone function, a phenomenon termed the "chaperone code."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alan M Makedon
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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39
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da Fonseca ACC, Matias D, Geraldo LHM, Leser FS, Pagnoncelli I, Garcia C, do Amaral RF, da Rosa BG, Grimaldi I, de Camargo Magalhães ES, Cóppola-Segovia V, de Azevedo EM, Zanata SM, Lima FRS. The multiple functions of the co-chaperone stress inducible protein 1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:73-84. [PMID: 32561134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress inducible protein 1 (STI1) is a co-chaperone acting with Hsp70 and Hsp90 for the correct client proteins' folding and therefore for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Besides being expressed in the cytosol, STI1 can also be found both in the cell membrane and the extracellular medium playing several relevant roles in the central nervous system (CNS) and tumor microenvironment. During CNS development, in association with cellular prion protein (PrPc), STI1 regulates crucial events such as neuroprotection, neuritogenesis, astrocyte differentiation and survival. In cancer, STI1 is involved with tumor growth and invasion, is undoubtedly a pro-tumor factor, being considered as a biomarker and possibly therapeutic target for several malignancies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and new findings on STI1 function as well as its role in tissue homeostasis, CNS and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Matias
- Molecular Bionics Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Henrique Medeiros Geraldo
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil; Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Felipe Saceanu Leser
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Iohana Pagnoncelli
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Celina Garcia
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Rackele Ferreira do Amaral
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Barbara Gomes da Rosa
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Izabella Grimaldi
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Sabino de Camargo Magalhães
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil; European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Valentín Cóppola-Segovia
- Departments of Basic Pathology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, RJ, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Evellyn Mayla de Azevedo
- Departments of Basic Pathology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, RJ, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Silvio Marques Zanata
- Departments of Basic Pathology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, RJ, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Flavia Regina Souza Lima
- Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-590, Brazil.
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40
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Rodríguez CF, Llorca O. RPAP3 C-Terminal Domain: A Conserved Domain for the Assembly of R2TP Co-Chaperone Complexes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051139. [PMID: 32384603 PMCID: PMC7290369 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rvb1-Rvb2-Tah1-Pih1 (R2TP) complex is a co-chaperone complex that works together with HSP90 in the activation and assembly of several macromolecular complexes, including RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and complexes of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-like family of kinases (PIKKs), such as mTORC1 and ATR/ATRIP. R2TP is made of four subunits: RuvB-like protein 1 (RUVBL1) and RuvB-like 2 (RUVBL2) AAA-type ATPases, RNA polymerase II-associated protein 3 (RPAP3), and the Protein interacting with Hsp90 1 (PIH1) domain-containing protein 1 (PIH1D1). R2TP associates with other proteins as part of a complex co-chaperone machinery involved in the assembly and maturation of a growing list of macromolecular complexes. Recent progress in the structural characterization of R2TP has revealed an alpha-helical domain at the C-terminus of RPAP3 that is essential to bring the RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 ATPases to R2TP. The RPAP3 C-terminal domain interacts directly with RUVBL2 and it is also known as RUVBL2-binding domain (RBD). Several human proteins contain a region homologous to the RPAP3 C-terminal domain, and some are capable of assembling R2TP-like complexes, which could have specialized functions. Only the RUVBL1-RUVBL2 ATPase complex and a protein containing an RPAP3 C-terminal-like domain are found in all R2TP and R2TP-like complexes. Therefore, the RPAP3 C-terminal domain is one of few components essential for the formation of all R2TP and R2TP-like co-chaperone complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Llorca
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-732-8000 (ext. 3000/3033)
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41
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Makumire S, Zininga T, Vahokoski J, Kursula I, Shonhai A. Biophysical analysis of Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-Hsp90 organising protein (PfHop) reveals a monomer that is characterised by folded segments connected by flexible linkers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226657. [PMID: 32343703 PMCID: PMC7188212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most lethal form of malaria. The cooperation of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and 90 is thought to facilitate folding of select group of cellular proteins that are crucial for cyto-protection and development of the parasites. Hsp70 and Hsp90 are brought into a functional complex that allows substrate exchange by stress inducible protein 1 (STI1), also known as Hsp70-Hsp90 organising protein (Hop). P. falciparum Hop (PfHop) co-localises and occurs in complex with the parasite cytosolic chaperones, PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp90. Here, we characterised the structure of recombinant PfHop using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) and small-angle X-ray scattering. Structurally, PfHop is a monomeric, elongated but folded protein, in agreement with its predicted TPR domain structure. Using SRCD, we established that PfHop is unstable at temperatures higher than 40°C. This suggests that PfHop is less stable at elevated temperatures compared to its functional partner, PfHsp70-1, that is reportedly stable at temperatures as high as 80°C. These findings contribute towards our understanding of the role of the Hop-mediated functional partnership between Hsp70 and Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Makumire
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Juha Vahokoski
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inari Kursula
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Biocenter Oulu & Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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42
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The Yeast Hsp70 Cochaperone Ydj1 Regulates Functional Distinction of Ssa Hsp70s in the Hsp90 Chaperoning Pathway. Genetics 2020; 215:683-698. [PMID: 32299842 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 90 assists in the folding of diverse sets of client proteins including kinases and growth hormone receptors. Hsp70 plays a major role in many Hsp90 functions by interacting and modulating conformation of its substrates before being transferred to Hsp90s for final maturation. Each eukaryote contains multiple members of the Hsp70 family. However, the role of different Hsp70 isoforms in Hsp90 chaperoning actions remains unknown. Using v-Src as an Hsp90 substrate, we examined the role of each of the four yeast cytosolic Ssa Hsp70s in regulating Hsp90 functions. We show that the strain expressing stress-inducible Ssa3 or Ssa4, and the not constitutively expressed Ssa1 or Ssa2, as the sole Ssa Hsp70 isoform reduces v-Src-mediated growth defects. The study shows that although different Hsp70 isoforms interact similarly with Hsp90s, v-Src maturation is less efficient in strains expressing Ssa4 as the sole Hsp70. We further show that the functional distinction between Ssa2 and Ssa4 is regulated by its C-terminal domain. Further studies reveal that Ydj1, which is known to assist substrate transfer to Hsp70s, interacts relatively weakly with Ssa4 compared with Ssa2, which could be the basis for poor maturation of the Hsp90 client in cells expressing stress-inducible Ssa4 as the sole Ssa Hsp70. The study thus reveals a novel role of Ydj1 in determining the functional distinction among Hsp70 isoforms with respect to the Hsp90 chaperoning action.
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43
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LaPointe P, Mercier R, Wolmarans A. Aha-type co-chaperones: the alpha or the omega of the Hsp90 ATPase cycle? Biol Chem 2020; 401:423-434. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a dimeric molecular chaperone that plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis. It functions in the context of a structurally dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to promote conformational changes in its clientele to aid stability, maturation, and activation. The client activation cycle is tightly regulated by a cohort of co-chaperone proteins that display specific binding preferences for certain conformations of Hsp90, guiding Hsp90 through its functional ATPase cycle. Aha-type co-chaperones are well-known to robustly stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp90 but other roles in regulating the functional cycle are being revealed. In this review, we summarize the work done on the Aha-type co-chaperones since the 1990s and highlight recent discoveries with respect to the complexity of Hsp90 cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Mercier
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Annemarie Wolmarans
- Department of Biology, The King’s University, Edmonton T6B 2H3, Alberta, Canada
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44
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Enzyme-Ligand Interaction Monitored by Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31773649 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0163-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
CD spectroscopy is the essential tool to quickly ascertain in the far-UV region the global conformational changes, the secondary structure content, and protein folding and in the near-UV region the local tertiary structure changes probed by the local environment of the aromatic side chains, prosthetic groups (hemes, flavones, carotenoids), the dihedral angle of disulfide bonds, and the ligand chromophore moieties, the latter occurring as a result of protein-ligand binding interaction. Qualitative and quantitative investigations into ligand-binding interactions in both the far- and near-UV regions using CD spectroscopy provide unique and direct information whether induced conformational changes upon ligand binding occur and of what nature that are unattainable with other techniques such as fluorescence, ITC, SPR, and AUC.This chapter provides an overview of how to perform circular dichroism (CD) experiments, detailing methods, hints and tips for successful CD measurements. Descriptions of different experimental designs are discussed using CD to investigate ligand-binding interactions. This includes standard qualitative CD measurements conducted in both single-measurement mode and high-throughput 96-well plate mode, CD titrations, and UV protein denaturation assays with and without ligand.The highly collimated micro-beam available at B23 beamline for synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) at Diamond Light Source (DLS) offers many advantages to benchtop instruments. The synchrotron light source is ten times brighter than a standard xenon arc light source of benchtop instruments. The small diameter of the synchrotron beam can be up to 160 times smaller than that of benchtop light beams; this has enabled the use of small aperture cuvette cells and flat capillary tubes reducing substantially the amount of volume sample to be investigated. Methods, hints and tips, and golden rules to measure good quality, artifact-free SRCD and CD data will be described in this chapter in particular for the study of protein-ligand interactions and protein photostability.
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45
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Lackie RE, Razzaq AR, Farhan SMK, Qiu LR, Moshitzky G, Beraldo FH, Lopes MH, Maciejewski A, Gros R, Fan J, Choy WY, Greenberg DS, Martins VR, Duennwald ML, Lerch JP, Soreq H, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Modulation of hippocampal neuronal resilience during aging by the Hsp70/Hsp90 co-chaperone STI1. J Neurochem 2019; 153:727-758. [PMID: 31562773 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone networks are dysregulated with aging, but whether compromised Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone function disturbs neuronal resilience is unknown. Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STI1; STIP1; HOP) is a co-chaperone that simultaneously interacts with Hsp70 and Hsp90, but whose function in vivo remains poorly understood. We combined in-depth analysis of chaperone genes in human datasets, analysis of a neuronal cell line lacking STI1 and of a mouse line with a hypomorphic Stip1 allele to investigate the requirement for STI1 in aging. Our experiments revealed that dysfunctional STI1 activity compromised Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone network and neuronal resilience. The levels of a set of Hsp90 co-chaperones and client proteins were selectively affected by reduced levels of STI1, suggesting that their stability depends on functional Hsp70/Hsp90 machinery. Analysis of human databases revealed a subset of co-chaperones, including STI1, whose loss of function is incompatible with life in mammals, albeit they are not essential in yeast. Importantly, mice expressing a hypomorphic STI1 allele presented spontaneous age-dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration and reduced hippocampal volume, with consequent spatial memory deficit. We suggest that impaired STI1 function compromises Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone activity in mammals and can by itself cause age-dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration in mice. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lackie
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul R Razzaq
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sali M K Farhan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilli Moshitzky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Flavio H Beraldo
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marilene H Lopes
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrzej Maciejewski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jue Fan
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wing-Yiu Choy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vilma R Martins
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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46
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Biebl MM, Buchner J. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Hsp90 Machinery. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034017. [PMID: 30745292 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in the maturation of a plethora of substrates ("clients"), including protein kinases, transcription factors, and E3 ubiquitin ligases, positioning Hsp90 as a central regulator of cellular proteostasis. Hsp90 undergoes large conformational changes during its ATPase cycle. The processing of clients by cytosolic Hsp90 is assisted by a cohort of cochaperones that affect client recruitment, Hsp90 ATPase function or conformational rearrangements in Hsp90. Because of the importance of Hsp90 in regulating central cellular pathways, strategies for the pharmacological inhibition of the Hsp90 machinery in diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are being developed. In this review, we summarize recent structural and mechanistic progress in defining the function of organelle-specific and cytosolic Hsp90, including the impact of individual cochaperones on the maturation of specific clients and complexes with clients as well as ways of exploiting Hsp90 as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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47
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Hombach-Barrigah A, Bartsch K, Smirlis D, Rosenqvist H, MacDonald A, Dingli F, Loew D, Späth GF, Rachidi N, Wiese M, Clos J. Leishmania donovani 90 kD Heat Shock Protein - Impact of Phosphosites on Parasite Fitness, Infectivity and Casein Kinase Affinity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5074. [PMID: 30911045 PMCID: PMC6434042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are thought to control protein activity at the post-translational level, e.g. by protein phosphorylation. In the pathogenic amastigote, the mammalian stage of Leishmania parasites, heat shock proteins show increased phosphorylation, indicating a role in stage-specific signal transduction. Here we investigate the impact of phosphosites in the L. donovani heat shock protein 90. Using a chemical knock-down/genetic complementation approach, we mutated 11 confirmed or presumed phosphorylation sites and assessed the impact on overall fitness, morphology and in vitro infectivity. Most phosphosite mutations affected the growth and morphology of promastigotes in vitro, but with one exception, none of the phosphorylation site mutants had a selective impact on the in vitro infection of macrophages. Surprisingly, aspartate replacements mimicking the negative charge of phosphorylated serines or threonines had mostly negative impacts on viability and infectivity. HSP90 is a substrate for casein kinase 1.2-catalysed phosphorylation in vitro. While several putative phosphosite mutations abrogated casein kinase 1.2 activity on HSP90, only Ser289 could be identified as casein kinase target by mass spectrometry. In summary, our data show HSP90 as a downstream client of phosphorylation-mediated signalling in an organism that depends on post-transcriptional gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Despina Smirlis
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France.,Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Heidi Rosenqvist
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS) University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Andrea MacDonald
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florent Dingli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gerald F Späth
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Institut Pasteur and Institut National de Santé et Recherche Médicale INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Paris, France
| | - Martin Wiese
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS) University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Joachim Clos
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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48
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Mercier R, Wolmarans A, Schubert J, Neuweiler H, Johnson JL, LaPointe P. The conserved NxNNWHW motif in Aha-type co-chaperones modulates the kinetics of Hsp90 ATPase stimulation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1273. [PMID: 30894538 PMCID: PMC6426937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a dimeric molecular chaperone that is essential for the folding and activation of hundreds of client proteins. Co-chaperone proteins regulate the ATP-driven Hsp90 client activation cycle. Aha-type co-chaperones are the most potent stimulators of the Hsp90 ATPase activity but the relationship between ATPase regulation and in vivo activity is poorly understood. We report here that the most strongly conserved region of Aha-type co-chaperones, the N terminal NxNNWHW motif, modulates the apparent affinity of Hsp90 for nucleotide substrates. The ability of yeast Aha-type co-chaperones to act in vivo is ablated when the N terminal NxNNWHW motif is removed. This work suggests that nucleotide exchange during the Hsp90 functional cycle may be more important than rate of catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mercier
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Annemarie Wolmarans
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Schubert
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Hannes Neuweiler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Dahiya V, Buchner J. Functional principles and regulation of molecular chaperones. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 114:1-60. [PMID: 30635079 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To be able to perform their biological function, a protein needs to be correctly folded into its three dimensional structure. The protein folding process is spontaneous and does not require the input of energy. However, in the crowded cellular environment where there is high risk of inter-molecular interactions that may lead to protein molecules sticking to each other, hence forming aggregates, protein folding is assisted. Cells have evolved robust machinery called molecular chaperones to deal with the protein folding problem and to maintain proteins in their functional state. Molecular chaperones promote efficient folding of newly synthesized proteins, prevent their aggregation and ensure protein homeostasis in cells. There are different classes of molecular chaperones functioning in a complex interplay. In this review, we discuss the principal characteristics of different classes of molecular chaperones, their structure-function relationships, their mode of regulation and their involvement in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Dahiya
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CIPSM at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CIPSM at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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Lepvrier E, Thomas D, Garnier C. Hsp90 Quaternary Structures and the Chaperone Cycle: Highly Flexible Dimeric and Oligomeric Structures and Their Regulation by Co-Chaperones. CURR PROTEOMICS 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666180522095147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proposed models of the function of Hsp90 are characterised by high flexibility of the dimeric
state and conformational changes regulated by both nucleotide binding and hydrolysis, and by
co-chaperone interactions. In addition to its dimeric state, Hsp90 self-associates upon particular stimuli.
The Hsp90 dimer is the building block up to the hexamer that we named “cosy nest”, and the dodecamer
results from the association of two hexamers. Oligomers exhibit chaperone activity, but their
exact mechanism of action has not yet been determined. One of the best ways to elucidate how oligomers
might operate is to study their interactions with co-chaperone proteins known to regulate the
Hsp90 chaperone cycle, such as p23 and Aha1. In this review, we summarise recent results and conclude
that Hsp90 oligomers are key players in the chaperone cycle. Crucible-shaped quaternary structures
likely provide an ideal environment for client protein accommodation and folding, as is the case
for other Hsp families. Confirmation of the involvement of Hsp90 oligomers in the chaperone cycle
and a better understanding of their functionality will allow us to address some of the more enigmatic
aspects of Hsp90 activity. Utilising this knowledge, future work will highlight how Hsp90 oligomers
and co-chaperones cooperate to build the structures required to fold or refold numerous different client
proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Lepvrier
- Structure et Dynamique des Macromolecules, UMR-CNRS 6026, Interactions Cellulaires et Moleculaires, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Structure et Dynamique des Macromolecules, UMR-CNRS 6026, Interactions Cellulaires et Moleculaires, Universite de Rennes 1, Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cyrille Garnier
- Universite de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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