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Zheng P, Gao W, Cong S, Leng L, Wang T, Shi L. High-Energy Supplemental Feeding Shifts Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1428. [PMID: 38791646 PMCID: PMC11117297 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Winter supplemental feeding (SF) is commonly used to improve the survival of captive wildlife. To investigate the impact of winter supplementation on the gut microbiota of wildlife, we assessed changes in the gut microbiota of red deer (Cervus elaphus) during the supplementary and non-supplementary feeding (NSF) groups using 16S rRNA sequencing technology. We found no significant differences in the diversity of the gut microbiota between SF and NSF except for the Simpson's index. However, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Lentisphaerae, and Proteobacteria in the gut microbiota was significantly higher during SF. Further, genera such as Intestinimonas, Rikenella, Lawsonibacter, Muribaculum, and Papillibacter were more abundant during SF. Beta diversity analysis showed significant differences between SF and NSF. The microbes detected during SF were primarily associated with lipid metabolism, whereas those detected during NSF were linked to fiber catabolism. High-energy feed affects the gut microbial composition and function in red deer. During SF, the gut microbes in red deer were enriched in microorganisms associated with butyrate and lipid metabolism, such as R. microfusus, M. intestinale, and Papillibacter cinnamivorans. These gut microbes may be involved in ameliorating obesity associated with high-energy diets. In summary, SF is a reasonable and effective management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (P.Z.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (L.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Weizhen Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (P.Z.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (L.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Shaobo Cong
- Xinjiang Tianshan Wildlife Park, Urumqi 830039, China;
| | - Lin Leng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (L.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (L.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (P.Z.); (W.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (L.L.); (T.W.)
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Wang D, Russel WA, Macdonald KM, De Leon VM, Ay A, Belanger KD. Analysis of the gut microbiome in sled dogs reveals glucosamine- and activity-related effects on gut microbial composition. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1272711. [PMID: 38384960 PMCID: PMC10879321 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1272711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The composition of the microbiome influences many aspects of physiology and health, and can be altered by environmental factors, including diet and activity. Glucosamine is a dietary supplement often administered to address arthritic symptoms in humans, dogs, and other mammals. To investigate how gut microbial composition varies with glucosamine supplementation, we performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis of fecal samples from 24 Alaskan and Inuit huskies and used mixed effects models to investigate associations with activity, age, and additional factors. Glucosamine ingestion, age, activity, sex, and diet were correlated with differences in alpha-diversity, with diversity decreasing in dogs consuming glucosamine. Beta-diversity analysis revealed clustering of dogs based on glucosamine supplementation status. Glucosamine supplementation and exercise-related activity were associated with greater inter-individual pairwise distances. At the family level, Lactobacillaceae and Anaerovoracaceae relative abundances were lower in supplemented dogs when activity was accounted for. At the genus level, Eubacterium [brachy], Sellimonus, Parvibacter, and an unclassified genus belonging to the same family as Parvibacter (Eggerthellaceae) all were lower in supplemented dogs, but only significantly so post-activity. Our findings suggest that glucosamine supplementation alters microbiome composition in sled dogs, particularly in the context of exercise-related activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Computer Science, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States
| | - William A. Russel
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Ahmet Ay
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States
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Timlin CL, Dickerson SM, Fowler JW, Mccracken FB, Skaggs PM, Ekmay R, Coon CN. The effects of torula yeast as a protein source on apparent total tract digestibility, inflammatory markers, and fecal microbiota dysbiosis index in Labrador Retrievers with chronically poor stool quality. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae013. [PMID: 38267019 PMCID: PMC10858388 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of varying protein sources on apparent total tract digestibility, inflammatory markers, and fecal microbiota in Labrador Retrievers with historically poor stool quality. Thirty dogs (15 male, 15 female; aged 0.93 to 11.7 yr) with stool quality scores ≤2.5 on a 5-point scale (1 representing liquid stool and 5 representing firm stool) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 nutritionally complete diets with differing protein sources and similar macronutrient profiles: 1) chicken meal (n = 10); 2) 10% brewer's yeast (n = 10); or 3) 10% torula yeast (n = 10). Another 10 dogs (five male, five female) with normal stool quality (scores ranging from 3 to 4) received diet 1 and served as negative control (NC). All dogs were fed diet 1 for 7 days, then provided their assigned treatment diets from days 7 to 37. Daily stool scores and weekly body weights were recorded. On days 7, 21, and 36, blood serum was analyzed for c-reactive protein (CRP), and feces for calgranulin C (S100A12), α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), calprotectin, and microbiota dysbiosis index. Apparent total tract digestibility was assessed using the indicator method with 2 g titanium dioxide administered via oral capsules. Stool scores were greater in NC (P < 0.01) as designed but not affected by treatment × time interaction (P = 0.64). Body weight was greater (P = 0.01) and CRP lower (P < 0.01) in NC dogs. Dry matter and nitrogen-free extract digestibility did not differ among groups (P ≥ 0.14). Negative controls had greater fat digestibility compared to BY (94.64 ± 1.33% vs. 91.65 ± 1.25%; P = 0.02). The overall effect of treatment was significant for protein digestibility (P = 0.03), but there were no differences in individual post hoc comparisons (P ≥ 0.07). Treatment did not affect S100A12 or α1-PI (P ≥ 0.44). Calprotectin decreased at a greater rate over time in TY (P < 0.01). The dysbiosis index score for BY and TY fluctuated less over time (P = 0.01). Blautia (P = 0.03) and Clostridium hiranonis (P = 0.05) abundances were reduced in BY and TY. Dogs with chronically poor stool quality experienced reduced body weights and increased serum CRP, but TY numerically increased protein digestibility, altered the microbiome, and reduced fecal calprotectin. Torula yeast is a suitable alternative protein source in extruded canine diets, but further research is needed to understand the long-term potential for improving the plane of nutrition and modulating gut health.
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Kuzi S, Zgairy S, Byrne BA, Suchodolski J, Turjeman SC, Park SY, Aroch I, Hong M, Koren O, Lavy E. Giardiasis and diarrhea in dogs: Does the microbiome matter? J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:152-160. [PMID: 37890857 PMCID: PMC10800182 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis (Gd) causes intestinal parasitosis. The involvement of the intestinal microbiome in determining the infection's clinical phenotype is unknown. OBJECTIVE Investigate the fecal microbiome features in dogs with giardiasis. ANIMALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study, including fecal samples of kenneled dogs with Gd diagnosed by fecal Giardia antigen dot ELISA. The fecal microbial compositional characteristics and dysbiosis index (DI) were compared between diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs. RESULTS Fecal samples of 38 Gd-infected dogs (diarrheic, 21; nondiarrheic, 17) were included. No differences were found in Faith's phylogenic diversity and beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distances) and in specific taxa abundances at the phylum, genus, and species levels, as well as in alpha and beta diversities between diarrheic and nondiarrheic dogs, and also when divided by sex or age. Among diarrheic dogs, alpha diversity was higher in males than in females (pairwise Kruskal-Wallis, q = 0.01). Among males, fecal abundances of the genus Clostridium (W = 19) and Clostridium spiroforme species (W = 33) were higher in diarrheic compared to nondiarrheic dogs. In diarrheic dog fecal samples, Proteobacteria were more prevalent (W = 1), whereas Verrucomicrobia were less prevalent in dogs <1 year of age than in older dogs. The fecal sample DI of 19 diarrheic and 19 nondiarrheic dogs was similar (median, -0.2; range, -4.3 to 4.5 and median, -1.0; range, -4.3 to 5.8, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The fecal microbial composition of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs with giardiasis is similar. Based on fecal DI, giardiasis is not characterized by prominent dysbiosis. Other host and parasite characteristics might determine the severity of giardiasis in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Kuzi
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Soha Zgairy
- Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael
| | - Barbara A. Byrne
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyUniversity of California—DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | | | - So Young Park
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Itamar Aroch
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Mike Hong
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversitySafedIsrael
| | - Eran Lavy
- Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Robert H. Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and Environment Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
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Abstract
Aging is often associated with chronic inflammation and declining health. Both veterinarians and owners of aging dogs and cats are interested in nutritional solutions and strategies to prevent signs of age-related disease, increase longevity, and improve quality of life. Physiological decreases in muscle mass, decreased immunity, and a decrease in sense acuity are some of the changes often seen in otherwise healthy senior pets; however, there may also be an increase in risk for pathologies such as renal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neoplastic diseases. Aging may also lead to cognitive decline and even cognitive dysfunction. Some nutritional strategies that may be helpful with the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases include supplementation with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant nutrients that can help modulate inflammation and benefit osteoarthritis, renal disease, cancer, and more. Supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides shows promise in the treatment of canine cognitive dysfunction as these may be metabolized to ketone bodies that are utilized as an alternative energy source for the central nervous system. Additionally, a high intake of dietary phosphorus in soluble and bioavailable forms can lead to renal disease, which is of greater concern in senior pets. There are no published guidelines for nutritional requirements specific to senior pets and as a result, products marketed for senior dogs and cats are highly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stockman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Old Brookville, NY, 11548, US.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, US.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, US.
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Le Bon M, Carvell-Miller L, Marshall-Jones Z, Watson P, Amos G. A Novel Prebiotic Fibre Blend Supports the Gastrointestinal Health of Senior Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3291. [PMID: 37894015 PMCID: PMC10603684 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Senior pets can suffer from a wide range of age-related diseases that can impact the quality of life for the pet and the relationship between a pet and their owner. Dietary fibre plays a key role in shaping the gastrointestinal health in mammalian species. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a novel prebiotic fibre blend containing sugar beet pulp, galacto-oligosaccharides, and cellulose on the health of senior dogs when fed on top of a background commercial dry diet. Thirty-two dogs aged >8 years received the prebiotic fibre blend as a dietary topper for 21 days on top of a nutritionally complete diet using a cross-over study design. The prebiotic fibre blend improved the gastrointestinal health of senior dogs as measured through improved faecal quality scores, a reduction in faecal pH, changes to the taxonomic composition of the gut, and a reduction in faecal branched-chain fatty acids, which are markers for proteolytic degradation. Broader systemic measures, such as changes to serum cytokines, were not impacted by the prebiotic fibre blend. In conclusion, a novel prebiotic fibre blend containing sugar beet pulp, galacto-oligosaccharides, and cellulose improved the gastrointestinal health of senior dogs and could have a range of potential future dietary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gregory Amos
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Melton Mowbray LE14 4RT, UK; (M.L.B.); (L.C.-M.); (P.W.)
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Mishima M, Takeda S, Nagane M, Suzuki T, Ogata M, Shima A, Aihara N, Kamiie J, Suzuki R, Mizugaki H, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Satoh T, Yamashita T. Prebiotic effect of poly-D-3-hydroxybutyrate prevents dyslipidemia in obese mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23121. [PMID: 37548278 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301191r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem caused by genetic, environmental, and psychological factors and is associated with various health disorders. As such, there is a growing focus on the prevention of obesity and related diseases. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in these diseases and has become a therapeutic target. Prebiotics, such as poly-d-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB), have gained attention for their potential to alter the gut microbiota, promote beneficial bacterial growth, and alleviate obesity. In this study, we examined the prebiotic effects of PHB in obese mice. We found that, in C57BL/6N mice, PHB reduced blood lipid levels. Analysis of the intestinal microflora also revealed an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. When PHB was administered to obese mice, subcutaneous fat and dyslipidemia were reduced, and the number of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microflora increased. Furthermore, fatty degradation and oxidative stress were suppressed in the liver. PHB regulates gut bacterial changes related to obesity and effectively inhibits dyslipidemia, suggesting that it could be a prebiotic agent for curing various obesity-related diseases. In summary, PHB increases the beneficial gut microbiota, leading to an alleviation of obesity-associated dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Mishima
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shiro Takeda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagane
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takehito Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masaya Ogata
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aihara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Rimina Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hinano Mizugaki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - Takumi Satoh
- Department of Antiaging Food Research, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Japan
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Sugita K, Shima A, Takahashi K, Ishihara G, Kawano K, Ohmori K. Pilot evaluation of a single oral fecal microbiota transplantation for canine atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8824. [PMID: 37258604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). However, the gut microbiota has not been well characterized in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in dogs with AD remains unclear. This research, therefore, aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of dogs with AD and conduct pilot evaluation of the efficacy of a single oral FMT on clinical signs and the gut microbiota of dogs with AD. For these purposes, we used 12 dogs with AD and 20 healthy dogs. The 16S rRNA analysis of the fecal microbiota revealed significant differences between 12 dogs with AD and 20 healthy dogs. Next, a single oral FMT was performed in 12 dogs with AD as a single-arm, open-label clinical trial for 56 days. A single oral FMT significantly decreased Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)-04 scores from day 0 (median score, 16.5) to day 56 (8) and Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) scores from days 0 (median score, 3) to day 56 (1). Furthermore, a single oral FMT changed the composition of the fecal microbiota of dogs with AD at the phylum and genus levels. The number of common amplicon sequence variants in the fecal microbiota between donor dogs and dogs with AD was positively correlated with CADESI-04 and PVAS reduction ratios 56 days after FMT. Our findings suggest that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cAD, and that oral FMT could be a new therapeutic approach targeting the gut microbiota in cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugita
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Sugita Animal Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Takahashi
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kawano
- Tokyo Animal Allergy Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastroenterological Oncology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Lee S, Choi A, Park KH, Lee S, Yoon H, Kim P. Single-cell hemoprotein (heme-SCP) exerts the prebiotic potential to establish a healthy gut microbiota in small pet dogs. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:489-496. [PMID: 36911324 PMCID: PMC9992493 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of the single-cell hemoprotein (heme-SCP) source on animals, a dog-treat (100 g for each dog) harboring 0.2% heme-SCP was manufactured and fed to seven pet dogs (< 10 kg) in a randomized manner (irrespective of owner's feeding style, dogs' health conditions, and staple diets), and the feces before and after the dog-treat diet were analyzed to define the structure of the microbiota. The total bacterial species of the seven dogs showed no difference (564-584), although the bacterial compositions varied significantly. The Firmicutes phylum increased (54.7-73.7%), showing differential species composition before and after heme-SCP intake. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria decreased (5.4-3.8%, 32.9-16.8%, and 6.3-3.6%, respectively), which agreed with the previous observation of deliberate feeding. Therefore, it is conceivable that heme-SCP as a prebiotic can shape the gut microbiota regardless of the administration method. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01195-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungki Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi 14662 South Korea
| | - Ahyoung Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi 14662 South Korea
| | | | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16499 South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16499 South Korea
| | - Pil Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi 14662 South Korea.,HemoLab Ltd. Co., Bucheon, 14622 South Korea
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10
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Choi SY, Choi BH, Cha JH, Lim YJ, Sheet S, Song MJ, Ko MJ, Kim NY, Kim JS, Lee SJ, Oh SI, Park WC. Insight into the Fecal Microbiota Signature Associated with Growth Specificity in Korean Jindo Dogs Using 16S rRNA Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192499. [PMID: 36230243 PMCID: PMC9558516 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiomes are well recognized to serve a variety of roles in health and disease, even though their functions are not yet completely understood. Previous studies have demonstrated that the microbiomes of juvenile and adult dogs have significantly different compositions and characteristics. However, there is still a scarcity of basic microbiome research in dogs. In this study, we aimed to advance our understanding by confirming the difference in fecal microbiome between young and adult dogs by analyzing the feces of 4-month and 16-month-old Jindo dogs, a domestic Korean breed. Microbiome data were generated and examined for the two age groups using 16S rRNA analysis. Comparison results revealed that the 16-month-old group presented a relatively high distribution of Bacteroides, whereas the 4-month-old group presented a comparatively high distribution of the Lactobacillus genus. Microbial function prediction analyses confirmed the relative abundance of lipid metabolism in 4-month-old dogs. In 16-month-old dogs, glucose metabolism was determined using microbial function prediction analyses. This implies that the functional microbiome changes similarly to the latter in adults compared with childhood. Overall, we discovered compositional and functional variations between genes of the gut microbial population in juveniles and adults. These microbial community profiles can be used as references for future research on the microbiome associated with health and development in the canine population.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Choi
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Hamyang 50000, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Cha
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Yeong-Jo Lim
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Sunirmal Sheet
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Song
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Ko
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Na-Yeon Kim
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Korean Jindo and Domestic Animals Center, Jindo-gun 58915, Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Korean Jindo and Domestic Animals Center, Jindo-gun 58915, Korea
| | - Seok-Il Oh
- Korean Jindo and Domestic Animals Center, Jindo-gun 58915, Korea
| | - Won-Cheoul Park
- Animal Genome and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-7317
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11
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Uchiyama J, Osumi T, Mizukami K, Fukuyama T, Shima A, Unno A, Takemura-Uchiyama I, Une Y, Murakami H, Sakaguchi M. Characterization of the oral and fecal microbiota associated with atopic dermatitis in dogs selected from a purebred Shiba Inu colony. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1607-1616. [PMID: 36067033 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing multifactorial inflammatory skin disease that also affects dogs. The oral and gut microbiota are associated with many disorders, including allergy. Few studies have addressed the oral and gut microbiota in dogs, although the skin microbiota has been studied relatively well in these animals. Here, we studied the AD-associated oral and gut microbiota in 16 healthy and nine AD dogs from a purebred Shiba Inu colony. We found that the diversity of the oral microbiota was significantly different among the dogs, whereas no significant difference was observed in the gut microbiota. Moreover, a differential abundance analysis detected the Family_XIII_AD3011_group (Anaerovoracaceae) in the gut microbiota of AD dogs; however, no bacterial taxa were detected in the oral microbiota. Third, the comparison of the microbial co-occurrence patterns between AD and healthy dogs identified differential networks in which the bacteria in the oral microbiota that were most strongly associated with AD were related with human periodontitis, whereas those in the gut microbiota were related with dysbiosis and gut inflammation. These results suggest that AD can alter the oral and gut microbiota in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Uchiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Osumi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keijiro Mizukami
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukuyama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asaka Unno
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Iyo Takemura-Uchiyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Une
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Garrigues Q, Apper E, Chastant S, Mila H. Gut microbiota development in the growing dog: A dynamic process influenced by maternal, environmental and host factors. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:964649. [PMID: 36118341 PMCID: PMC9478664 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.964649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract play a crucial role in the health, metabolism and development of their host by modulating vital functions such as digestion, production of key metabolites or stimulation of the immune system. This review aims to provide an overview on the current knowledge of factors shaping the gut microbiota of young dogs. The composition of the gut microbiota is modulated by many intrinsic (i.e., age, physiology, pathology) and extrinsic factors (i.e., nutrition, environment, medication) which can cause both beneficial and harmful effects depending on the nature of the changes. The composition of the gut microbiota is quickly evolving during the early development of the dog, and some crucial bacteria, mostly anaerobic, progressively colonize the gut before the puppy reaches adulthood. Those bacterial communities are of paramount importance for the host health, with disturbance in their composition potentially leading to altered metabolic states such as acute diarrhea or inflammatory bowel disease. While many studies focused on the microbiota of young children, there is still a lack of knowledge concerning the development of gut microbiota in puppies. Understanding this early evolution is becoming a key aspect to improve dogs' short and long-term health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Garrigues
- NeoCare, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Quentin Garrigues
| | | | | | - Hanna Mila
- NeoCare, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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13
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Galler AI, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Sung CH, Hittmair KM, Richter B, Burgener IA. Microbial dysbiosis and fecal metabolomic perturbations in Yorkshire Terriers with chronic enteropathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12977. [PMID: 35902689 PMCID: PMC9334271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis and perturbations of fecal metabolic profiles have been reported in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease. Currently the incidence of dysbiosis and the fecal metabolomic profile in Yorkshire Terriers with chronic enteropathy (YTE) and the effects of treatment are unknown. This prospective observational study analyzed the dysbiosis index (DI) and fecal bile acid, sterol and fatty acid profiles in 14 Yorkshire Terriers with active YTE, 11 dogs in clinical remission, and 26 healthy Yorkshire Terriers. YTE was associated with dysbiosis and a significant increase in fatty acids (docosanoate, p = 0.002; gondoate, p = 0.026; erucate, p < 0.001; nervonate, p < 0.001; linolenate, p < 0.001), and plant sterols (campesterol, p < 0.001; brassicasterol, p = 0.024). The abundances of Fusobacterium (p < 0.001) and Cl. hiranonis (p = 0.018) and the concentrations of the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (p = 0.033) and the plant sterol sitostanol (p = 0.003) were significantly decreased compared to healthy dogs. Dysbiosis, abundances of Fusobacterium, Cl. hiranonis and fecal concentrations of bile acids and sterols did not recover after treatment, while fecal fatty acid concentrations decreased in treated dogs. YTE is associated with dysbiosis and changes in bile acid, fatty acid, and sterol metabolism. These changes only recovered partially despite clinical remission. They might be breed-specific and involved in the pathogenesis of YTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra I Galler
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Katharina M Hittmair
- Clinical Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Richter
- Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iwan A Burgener
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Schulte E, Arlt SP. What Kinds of Dogs Are Used in Clinical and Experimental Research? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121487. [PMID: 35739824 PMCID: PMC9219481 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The objective of this study was to evaluate the signalment of dogs used in veterinary research in six different specialties. In total, 150 randomly chosen clinical studies (25 studies per specialty) published between 2007 and 2019 were evaluated for the breed, sex, neuter status, age, and weight information of the dogs used. Breed information was given for 5.7% of the included animals. Beagles were used 1.9% of the time, which was a less significant role in research than we expected. Information about the sex of the dogs was lacking for 16.2% of the included animals, while age and weight information were missing for 22.7 and 32.7%, respectively. The neuter status was not given in 38.7% of the clinical studies. The results show deficits in the reporting of demographic data for the dogs. The need for an improvement in the documentation and/or reporting of animal signalment is obvious and should be addressed by authors, reviewers, and journal editors in the future. Abstract Background: Dogs are widely used in research to answer questions about canine or human conditions. For the latter, research dogs are often used as models, since they are physiologically more similar to humans than other species used in research and they share similar environmental conditions. From a veterinary perspective, research findings are widely based on academic research, and thus are generated under experimental conditions. In that regard, the question arises: do the dogs used for research adequately represent the dog population seen in veterinary practice? It may, for example, be assumed that Beagle dogs are often used as experimental animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the signalment of dogs used in veterinary research. Furthermore, we aimed to assess other relevant criteria regarding the validity of clinical trials in the context of six different veterinary medicine specialties: cardiology, internal medicine, neurology, orthopaedics, reproduction, and surgery. Methods: A literature search was conducted and 25 studies per specialty were randomly selected. The breed, sex, neuter status, median age, and median weight of the dogs used for clinical studies (n = 150) published between 2007 and 2019 were evaluated. Results: In total, 596,542 dogs were used in the 150 trials. Breed information was given for 33,835 of these dogs (5.7%). Of the latter, 1.9% were Beagles. Nine clinical trials exclusively used Beagles. The most frequently used breeds were German Shepherds (7.3%), Labrador Retrievers (6.7%), and Golden Retrievers (4.7%). The major reporting deficits found were missing breed specification in 25.3% of the articles; missing information about the sex of the dogs in 16.2%; missing age and weight information in 22.7 and 32.7%, respectively; and missing neuter status in 38.7% of the clinical studies. The median sample size was 56 (Q1:29; Q3:365) dogs. Conclusions: The presented project revealed that Beagle dogs represent only a small proportion of dogs in veterinary research. Based on the evaluated publications, it seems that some relevant dog attributes differ between the specialties. The results, however, show deficits in the reporting of demographic data for the dogs. The need for an improvement in the documentation and/or reporting of animal signalment is obvious and should be addressed by authors, reviewers, and journal editors in the future.
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15
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Morelli G, Patuzzi I, Losasso C, Ricci A, Contiero B, Andrighetto I, Ricci R. Characterization of intestinal microbiota in normal weight and overweight Border Collie and Labrador Retriever dogs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9199. [PMID: 35655089 PMCID: PMC9163050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in dogs is an emerging issue that affects canine health and well-being. Its development is ascribed to several factors, including genetic predisposition and dietary management, and recent evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota may be involved as well. Previous works have shown obesity to be linked to significant changes in gut microbiota composition in humans and mice, but only limited information is available on the role played by canine gut microbiota. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate whether composition of canine faecal microbiota may be influenced by overweight condition and breed. All the enrolled companion dogs were young adults, intact, healthy, and fed commercial extruded pet food; none had received antibiotics, probiotics or immunosuppressant drugs in the previous six months. Labrador Retriever (LR) and Border Collie (BC) were chosen as reference breeds and Body Condition Score (BCS) on a 9-point scale as reference method for evaluating body fat. The faecal microbial communities of 15 lean (BCS 4-5/9; 7 LRs and 8 BCs) and 14 overweight (BCS > 5/9; 8 LRs and 6 BCs) family dogs were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, for each dog, the daily intake of energy (kcal/d) and dietary macronutrients (g/d) were calculated according to an accurate feeding history collection. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes resulted the predominant phyla (51.5 ± 10.0% and 33.4 ± 8.5%, respectively) in all dogs. Bioinformatic and statistical analysis revealed that no bacterial taxon differed significantly based on body condition, except for genus Allisonella (p < 0.05); BC gut microbiota was richer (p < 0.05) in bacteria belonging to phyla Actinobacteria (family Coriobacteriaceae in particular) and Firmicutes (Allobaculum and Roseburia genera). No remarkable differences were recorded either for diversity indices (i.e., alpha diversity, p > 0.10) or for divergence within the sample set (i.e., beta diversity, p > 0.05). PERMANOVA tests performed on single factors demonstrated the tendency of dietary protein to influence the recruited dogs' microbiota beta-diversity at amplicon sequence variant level (p = 0.08). In conclusion, the faecal microbiota of dogs involved in this exploratory study showed no major variations based on body condition. However, our findings suggested that certain bacterial taxa previously acknowledged in obesity-related studies may be detected in dissimilar amounts depending on canine breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Morelli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Research and Development Division, EuBiome S.R.L., 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ricci
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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16
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Araki R, Iwanaga K, Ueda K, Shima A, Ishihara G, Aizu M, Fukayama T, Isaka M. Comparison of Intestinal Microbiota Between Healthy and MMVD Chihuahuas Using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846492. [PMID: 35433906 PMCID: PMC9007596 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cause of congestive heart failure in dogs, and although complications of MMVD to the lungs and kidneys have been identified, complications to the gut are less well understood. The intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the gut, and although the association between heart disease and the intestinal microbiota has been shown in human medicine, it is unknown in dogs. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between MMVD and gut microbiota. A total of 69 healthy Chihuahuas and Chihuahuas with MMVD were evaluated for cardiac health by echocardiography and chest radiography and grouped according to ACVIM guidelines. Fecal samples were collected from all cases and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to reveal the intestinal microbiota. There were significant differences in LA/Ao, LVIDd, E vel, VHS, and VLAS with the severity of ACVIM. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota among the groups. The present study did not identify the effects of MMVD on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Araki
- Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Koji Iwanaga
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ueda
- Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mitsuhiro Isaka
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17
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Schiano Moriello A, Di Marzo V, Petrosino S. Mutual Links between the Endocannabinoidome and the Gut Microbiome, with Special Reference to Companion Animals: A Nutritional Viewpoint. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030348. [PMID: 35158670 PMCID: PMC8833664 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that perturbation of the gut microbiome, known as “dysbiosis”, is associated with the pathogenesis of human and veterinary diseases that are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, recent studies have demonstrated that dysbiosis is linked to the pathogenesis of central neuroinflammatory disorders, supporting the existence of the so-called microbiome-gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system is a recently recognized lipid signaling system and termed endocannabinoidome monitoring a variety of body responses. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that a profound link exists between the gut microbiome and the endocannabinoidome, with mutual interactions controlling intestinal homeostasis, energy metabolism and neuroinflammatory responses during physiological conditions. In the present review, we summarize the latest data on the microbiome-endocannabinoidome mutual link in health and disease, focalizing the attention on gut dysbiosis and/or altered endocannabinoidome tone that may distort the bidirectional crosstalk between these two complex systems, thus leading to gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases (e.g., idiopathic inflammation, chronic enteropathies and obesity) as well as neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., neuropathic pain and depression). We also briefly discuss the novel possible dietary interventions based not only on probiotics and/or prebiotics, but also, and most importantly, on endocannabinoid-like modulators (e.g., palmitoylethanolamide) for intestinal health and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, CRIUCPQ and INAF, Centre NUTRISS, Faculties of Medicine and Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebéc City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Stefania Petrosino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.M.); (V.D.M.)
- Epitech Group SpA, Via Einaudi 13, 35030 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122430. [PMID: 34946032 PMCID: PMC8706506 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with the increased risk of detrimental conditions also seen with age. This study evaluated whether a test food with potential anti-aging benefits results in favorable changes in plasma and fecal metabolites and the fecal microbiota in senior cats. Forty healthy domestic cats aged 8.3–13.5 years were fed a washout food for 30 days, then control or test food for 30 days. After another 30-day washout, cats were switched to the other study food for 30 days. Assessment of plasma and fecal metabolites showed lower levels of metabolites associated with detrimental processes (e.g., uremic toxins) and higher levels of metabolites associated with beneficial processes (e.g., tocopherols) after cats consumed the test food compared with the control food. A shift toward proteolysis with the control food is supported by higher levels of amino acid metabolites and lower levels of carbohydrate metabolites. Operational taxonomic units of greater abundance with the test food positively correlated with carbohydrate and nicotinic acid metabolites, and negatively correlated with uremic toxins, amino acid metabolism, secondary bile salts, and branched-chain fatty acids. Taken together, the test food appears to result in greater levels of metabolites and microbiota associated with a healthier state.
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19
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Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091862. [PMID: 34576757 PMCID: PMC8469385 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition may impact on the health of the host. While studies on the mouse model of giardiosis described the role of the gut microbiota in host susceptibility to infection by the parasite, little is known about the gut microbiota during natural infections in dogs and particularly in puppies. In this study, we monitored naturally G. intestinalis-infected puppies for 3 months and quantified cyst excretion every 2 weeks. All puppies remained subclinically infected during the sampling period as confirmed by fecal examination. In parallel, we performed 16S Illumina sequencing of fecal samples from the different time points to assess the impact of G. intestinalis infection on gut microbiota development of the puppies, as well as gut health markers of immunity such as fecal IgA and calprotectin. Sequencing results revealed that the canine fecal microbiota of Giardia-infected puppies becomes more complex and less diverse with increasing age. In addition, significant differences in the structure of the microbiota were observed between puppies with high and low Giardia cyst excretion. Chronic subclinical G. intestinalis infection appears to be associated with some detrimental structural changes in the gut microbiota. G. intestinalis-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an enrichment of facultative anaerobic, mucus-degrading, pro-inflammatory species and opportunistic pathogens, as well as a reduction of Lactobacillus johnsonii at specific time points. Calprotectin levels increased with age, suggesting the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation in puppies. Further work is needed to demonstrate whether these alterations in the canine gut microbiota could lead to a dysbiosis-related disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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20
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Jarett JK, Kingsbury DD, Dahlhausen KE, Ganz HH. Best Practices for Microbiome Study Design in Companion Animal Research. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:644836. [PMID: 33898544 PMCID: PMC8062777 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.644836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a community of microorganisms that inhabits an animal host's gastrointestinal tract, with important effects on animal health that are shaped by multiple environmental, dietary, and host-associated factors. Clinical and dietary trials in companion animals are increasingly including assessment of the microbiome, but interpretation of these results is often hampered by suboptimal choices in study design. Here, we review best practices for conducting feeding trials or clinical trials that intend to study the effects of an intervention on the microbiota. Choices for experimental design, including a review of basic designs, controls, and comparison groups, are discussed in the context of special considerations necessary for microbiome studies. Diet is one of the strongest influences on the composition of gut microbiota, so applications specific to nutritional interventions are discussed in detail. Lastly, we provide specific advice for successful recruitment of colony animals and household pets into an intervention study. This review is intended to serve as a resource to academic and industry researchers, clinicians, and veterinarians alike, for studies that test many different types of interventions.
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21
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Baniel A, Amato KR, Beehner JC, Bergman TJ, Mercer A, Perlman RF, Petrullo L, Reitsema L, Sams S, Lu A, Snyder-Mackler N. Seasonal shifts in the gut microbiome indicate plastic responses to diet in wild geladas. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:26. [PMID: 33485388 PMCID: PMC7828014 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive shifts in gut microbiome composition are one route by which animals adapt to seasonal changes in food availability and diet. However, outside of dietary shifts, other potential environmental drivers of gut microbial composition have rarely been investigated, particularly in organisms living in their natural environments. RESULTS Here, we generated the largest wild nonhuman primate gut microbiome dataset to date to identify the environmental drivers of gut microbial diversity and function in 758 samples collected from wild Ethiopian geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Because geladas live in a cold, high-altitude environment and have a low-quality grass-based diet, they face extreme thermoregulatory and energetic constraints. We tested how proxies of food availability (rainfall) and thermoregulatory stress (temperature) predicted gut microbiome composition of geladas. The gelada gut microbiome composition covaried with rainfall and temperature in a pattern that suggests distinct responses to dietary and thermoregulatory challenges. Microbial changes were driven by differences in the main components of the diet across seasons: in rainier periods, the gut was dominated by cellulolytic/fermentative bacteria that specialized in digesting grass, while during dry periods the gut was dominated by bacteria that break down starches found in underground plant parts. Temperature had a comparatively smaller, but detectable, effect on the gut microbiome. During cold and dry periods, bacterial genes involved in energy, amino acid, and lipid metabolism increased, suggesting a stimulation of fermentation activity in the gut when thermoregulatory and nutritional stress co-occurred, and potentially helping geladas to maintain energy balance during challenging periods. CONCLUSION Together, these results shed light on the extent to which gut microbiota plasticity provides dietary and metabolic flexibility to the host, and might be a key factor to thriving in changing environments. On a longer evolutionary timescale, such metabolic flexibility provided by the gut microbiome may have also allowed members of Theropithecus to adopt a specialized diet, and colonize new high-altitude grassland habitats in East Africa. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Baniel
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thore J Bergman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arianne Mercer
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel F Perlman
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lauren Petrullo
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Laurie Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sierra Sams
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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22
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Scarsella E, Segato J, Zuccaccia D, Swanson KS, Stefanon B. An application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study faecal canine metabolome. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1925602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Scarsella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Jacopo Segato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Kelly S. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
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Kubinyi E, Bel Rhali S, Sándor S, Szabó A, Felföldi T. Gut Microbiome Composition is Associated with Age and Memory Performance in Pet Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091488. [PMID: 32846928 PMCID: PMC7552338 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can crucially influence behavior and neurodevelopment. Dogs show unique similarities to humans in their physiology and may naturally develop dementia-like cognitive decline. We assessed 29 pet dogs' cognitive performance in a memory test and analyzed the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from fecal samples collected right after the behavioral tests. The major phyla identified in the dog microbiomes were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria, each represented by >20% of the total bacterial community. Fewer Fusobacteria were found in older dogs and better memory performance was associated with a lower proportion of Actinobacteria. Our preliminary findings support the existence of links between gut microbiota, age, and cognitive performance in pet dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.R.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Soufiane Bel Rhali
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.R.); (S.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.B.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Attila Szabó
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Tamás Felföldi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.F.)
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Rojas CA, Holekamp KE, Winters AD, Theis KR. Body site-specific microbiota reflect sex and age-class among wild spotted hyenas. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5700710. [PMID: 31926016 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-associated microbial communities, henceforth 'microbiota', can affect the physiology and behavior of their hosts. In mammals, host ecological, social and environmental variables are associated with variation in microbial communities. Within individuals in a given mammalian species, the microbiota also partitions by body site. Here, we build on this work and sequence the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to profile the microbiota at six distinct body sites (ear, nasal and oral cavities, prepuce, rectum and anal scent gland) in a population of wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), which are highly social, large African carnivores. We inquired whether microbiota at these body sites vary with host sex or social rank among juvenile hyenas, and whether they differ between juvenile females and adult females. We found that the scent gland microbiota differed between juvenile males and juvenile females, whereas the prepuce and rectal microbiota differed between adult females and juvenile females. Social rank, however, was not a significant predictor of microbiota profiles. Additionally, the microbiota varied considerably among the six sampled body sites and exhibited strong specificity among individual hyenas. Thus, our findings suggest that site-specific niche selection is a primary driver of microbiota structure in mammals, but endogenous host factors may also be influential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie A Rojas
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kay E Holekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Andrew D Winters
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kevin R Theis
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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