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Isaka M, Hisada S, Araki R, Ueno H. The leaflet-annulus index in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:245-247. [PMID: 36029573 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common chronic heart valve disease, leading to the eccentric hypertrophy. Recently, the leaflet-annulus index (LAI), which focuses on the mitral valve apparatus, has been considered a prognostic factor for human mitral regurgitation (MR); however, it has not been reported in veterinary medicine. In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated the LAI in dogs with MMVD. Eight-three dogs with MMVD diagnosed using echocardiography were included in this study. The anteroposterior length, anterior and posterior cusp coaptation lengths, LAI, left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter normalized to body weight (LVIDDN), and left atrium to aorta ratio (LA/Ao) were measured. A significant correlation between the LAI, LVIDDN, and LA/Ao of MR grading, and left ventricle dilation was observed. In conclusion, LAI could help determine annular widening, suggesting the decision of an appropriate for SVR in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Hisada
- Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Araki
- Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Division of Companion Animal Surgery, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Araki R, Iwanaga K, Ueda K, Shima A, Ishihara G, Aizu M, Fukayama T, Isaka M. Comparison of Intestinal Microbiota Between Healthy and MMVD Chihuahuas Using 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846492. [PMID: 35433906 PMCID: PMC9007596 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cause of congestive heart failure in dogs, and although complications of MMVD to the lungs and kidneys have been identified, complications to the gut are less well understood. The intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the gut, and although the association between heart disease and the intestinal microbiota has been shown in human medicine, it is unknown in dogs. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between MMVD and gut microbiota. A total of 69 healthy Chihuahuas and Chihuahuas with MMVD were evaluated for cardiac health by echocardiography and chest radiography and grouped according to ACVIM guidelines. Fecal samples were collected from all cases and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to reveal the intestinal microbiota. There were significant differences in LA/Ao, LVIDd, E vel, VHS, and VLAS with the severity of ACVIM. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota among the groups. The present study did not identify the effects of MMVD on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Araki
- Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Koji Iwanaga
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ueda
- Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mitsuhiro Isaka
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Araki R, Iwanaga K, Ueda K, Isaka M. Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:777579. [PMID: 34888377 PMCID: PMC8649761 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.777579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cardiac disease on the intestine have been reported in humans but not in dogs. We investigated the effects of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), which is capable of causing congestion and tissue hypoperfusion, on the intestine in Chihuahuas, a breed frequently encountered in clinical practice as the preferred breed for MMVD. In this study, 69 Chihuahuas were divided into four groups based on echocardiography and chest radiography: 19 healthy Chihuahuas (H) and 50 Chihuahuas with MMVD classified according to the ACVIM consensus (stage B1, B2, C/D). In all the cases, serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and D/L-lactate concentrations, markers of intestinal mucosal injury, were measured. I-FABP was significantly higher in stage C/D Chihuahuas than in other groups (p < 0.05), and stage B2 was significantly higher than H (p < 0.05). D-lactate was significantly increased in stages B2 and C/D compared to H and stage B1 (p < 0.05). L-lactate was significantly higher in stage C/D Chihuahuas than in any other group (p < 0.05), and stage B2 was significantly higher than that in H and stage B1 (p < 0.05). Intestinal mucosal injury risk was significantly higher in Chihuahuas with heart failure due to MMVD, suggesting that the risk could increase with worsening heart disease. This is the first study to investigate the intestinal complications of MMVD, and further investigations a needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Araki
- Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Fukazawa, Japan.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - K Iwanaga
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Fukazawa, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ueda
- Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M Isaka
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Isaka M, Hayashida R, Tamashima Y, Araki R. Effects of timolol maleate eye drops on experimentally dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy rabbits. Open Vet J 2021; 11:390-393. [PMID: 34722201 PMCID: PMC8541723 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most frequently diagnosed cardiomyopathy in rabbits. Timolol maleate (nonselective beta-blockers), which reduces the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, has been used for glaucoma. However, this effect has not been assessed in a rabbit DCM model. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the circulatory effects of 0.5% timolol maleate eye drops on rabbit DCM models. Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into healthy (n = 8) and DCM rabbits (n = 8). Rabbit DCM models were established through intravenous administration of daunorubicin (4 mg/kg/week), an anthracycline anticancer drug, for 6 weeks. We measured the HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and echocardiography before (pre) and at 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after timolol maleate administration. Results Timolol maleate 0.5% eye drops significantly reduced the HR at 10, 30, and 60 minutes in DCM models and 10 minutes in healthy rabbits; however, there were no alterations in MAP. There was a significant fraction shortening elevation at 10 and 120 minutes in DCM models; moreover, there were marked ejection fraction elevations at all measurement points in only DCM models. Conclusion Timolol maleate eye drops exert several effects on the circulatory system in rabbit DCM models and healthy rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Reimi Hayashida
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yuumi Tamashima
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Araki
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Iwanaga K, Araki R, Isaka M. A retrospective study of 14 dogs with advanced heart failure treated with loop diuretics and hydrochlorothiazide. Open Vet J 2021; 11:342-345. [PMID: 34722194 PMCID: PMC8541716 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The use of thiazide diuretics is recommended in the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine guidelines for advanced heart failure due to mitral insufficiency (MI) in dogs. However, there are no large-scale reports of the use of thiazide diuretics in dogs with advanced heart failure. Aim: This retrospective study evaluated the therapeutic effect of concomitant hydrochlorothiazide (HTCZ) with loop diuretics in dogs with heart failure. Methods: The study included 14 dogs diagnosed with advanced pulmonary edema with MI at two facilities. In all cases, high-dose loop diuretics (torsemide; 0.78–4 mg/kg/day) did not improve pulmonary edema. The results of the echocardiography and renal function tests before and after the administration of HTCZ (0.2–0.84 mg/kg/day) in addition to torsemide were statistically compared. Results: The echocardiographic data demonstrated significant improvement in relation to cardiac stress; left atrium to the aorta ratio, normalized left ventricular internal dimension in diastole, and E wave velocity (m/s) after HTCZ administration. However, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased, and potassium levels decreased, indicating a decline in renal function following HTCZ administration. Conclusion: This study suggests that the administration of HTCZ in combination with loop diuretics may be beneficial during advanced heart failure due to MI in dogs. The results can also be extended to patients who are resistant to loop diuretics, resulting in the improvement of cardiac function. However, as the combination of HTCZ and loop diuretics can deteriorate renal function, caution should be exercised prior to making recommendations regarding its use, and renal function should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Iwanaga
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Araki
- Tokyo Veterinary Cardiology Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, Kanagawaken, Japan.,Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Isaka M, Araki R, Ueno H, Okamoto M. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and osteoprotegerin in anthracycline-induced rabbit models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:185-189. [PMID: 34517162 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are used for chemotherapy in small animal cancer patients. However, cardiotoxic complications are very common with anthracycline use and induce multi-organ complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between multi-organ complications, focusing on the liver and intestine, and the serum concentrations of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in rabbits with daunorubicin-induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Sixteen New Zealand white male rabbits (16-20 weeks old), weighing 2.4-3.65 kg, were randomly divided into the control (n = 8) and daunorubicin-induced DCM (n = 8) groups. The concentration of serum I-FABP was significantly elevated in the DCM group (201.9 ± 16.6 pg/mL) compared to the control group (152.2 ± 19.9 g/mL). Additionally, the concentration of serum lactate was markedly increased in the DCM group (0.16 ± 0.01 mM) compared to that in the control group (0.02 ± 0.01 mmol/mL). In addition, the OPG concentration was significantly higher in the DCM group (2.44 ± 0.14 ng/mL) than in the control group (0.1 ± 0.08 ng/mL). Although the histopathology of the ileum did not significantly differ between groups, pathological changes were observed in the livers of the DCM group animals. In conclusion, multi-organ complications were recognized in DCM models and were accompanied by elevated serum I-FABP and OPG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Araki
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Okamoto
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Isaka M, Hayashida R, Tamashima Y, Araki R. Surgical ventricular restoration for rabbit dilated cardiomyopathy model: Preliminary study. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:373-376. [PMID: 33780724 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cardiovascular disease in dogs. It is primarily treated with beta-blockers. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical ventricular restoration on daunorubicin-induced DCM in rabbits. The DCM model was generated in six rabbits by intravenous administration of daunorubicin (4 mg/kg/week) for 6 weeks. Echocardiography was performed before and after left ventricular (LV) reconstruction surgery to evaluate the LV function. The surgery was performed using non-absorbent prosthetic sheets and 5-0 polypropylene sutures, between the left anterior descending branch and the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. We measured LV function 3 weeks postoperatively and collected the hearts for histopathological examination. We observed significant improvements in the LV internal dimension volume at both end-diastole and end-systole compared to the preoperative values. Fraction shortening showed a substantial improvement from 23.8 ± 1.4% to 30.9 ± 1.3%. In addition, the ejection fraction increased from 35.3% to 51.9%. On histological examination, the left ventricular wall was markedly thin. Furthermore, we observed fibrosis between the myocardial cells around the sutured site. The LV volume and LV functions significantly improved postoperatively. However, further investigation is required to determine the long-term effects of surgical ventricular restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Isaka
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan.
| | - Reimi Hayashida
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yumi Tamashima
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ryuji Araki
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan; Yokohama Yamate Dog & Cat Medical Center, 27-4 Kasiwaba Nakaku, Yokohamasi, Kanagawaken 231-0866, Japan
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8
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Nakamura Y, Matsushita S, Tanaka R, Saito S, Araki R, Teramoto Y, Aoki M, Yamamura K, Nakamura Y, Fujisawa Y, Brinker TJ, Yamamoto A. 2-mm surgical margins are adequate for most basal cell carcinomas in Japanese: a retrospective multicentre study on 1000 basal cell carcinomas. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1991-1998. [PMID: 31954082 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the gold standard for basal cell carcinomas (BCC). Current recommended surgical margins for BCCs are determined from studies in Caucasian populations. However, the appropriate surgical margins for BCCs in non-white races are unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the accuracy of preoperative determination of clinical tumour borders and appropriate surgical margins in Japanese patients with BCC. METHODS The maximum calculated differences in distance between the preoperatively determined surgical margins and the actual histologic tumour side margins were considered as 'accuracy gaps' of clinical tumour borders. Estimated side margin positivity rates (ESMPRs) with narrower (2 and 3 mm) surgical margins were calculated on the basis of the accuracy gaps. RESULTS Overall, 1000 surgically excised BCCs from 980 Japanese patients were included. The most frequent histologic subtype was nodular BCC (67%). The median accuracy gap was 0.3 mm [interquartile range (IQR): -0.5 to +1 mm]. The ESMPRs with 2- and 3-mm surgical margins were 3.8% and 1.4%, respectively. Only the ESMPRs between the well-defined (n = 921) and poorly defined clinical tumour border groups (n = 79) showed statistical difference [2-mm margin: 3.1% vs. 11.7%, OR: 3.89, 95% confidential interval (CI): 1.41-10.71, P <0.01; 3-mm margin: 0.97% vs. 6.3%, OR: 6.58, 95% CI: 1.67-25.99, P <0.01]. No significant differences in ESMPRs were noted in other subgroups including risk classifications. CONCLUSIONS The determined clinical tumour border accuracy gaps in this Japanese cohort were negligible. Dermatologic surgeons may use narrower surgical margins with acceptable margin positivity rates. The clarity of clinical tumour borders could be an appropriate guide for selection of different surgical margins in the Japanese cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakamura
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Matsushita
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - R Tanaka
- Department of Dermatolgy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - R Araki
- Community Health Science Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Teramoto
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Aoki
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - K Yamamura
- Department of Dermato-Oncology/Dermatology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Dermatolgy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Fujisawa
- Department of Dermatolgy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T J Brinker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Yamamoto
- Department of Skin Oncology/Dermatology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Adachi J, Miyake Y, Suzuki T, Mishima K, Araki R, Nishikawa R. P13.01 TERTpromoter methylation is significantly associated withTERTupregulation and tumor progression in pituitary adenomas. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz126.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Activation of telomerase plays a critical role in tumor development. Somatic alterations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene are a major mechanism of upregulating telomerase. Several mechanisms have been associated with TERT abnormalities, including TERT promoter mutations or methylation. Mutations in the TERT promoter have been observed in a subset of brain tumors, especially in adult gliomas. In pituitary adenomas (PAs), however, TERT abnormalities are not fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate not only mutational but also methylation status changes in the TERT promoter in PAs and to analyze their correlations with clinical variables.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We retrospectively studied 70 PAs consisting of 53 primary and 17 recurrent samples. Clinical data, including age at surgery, sex, tumor size, tumor subtype, resection rate, presence or absence of postoperative irradiation, and progression-free survival (PFS), were obtained from medical records. First, we investigated TERT promoter hotspot mutations via Sanger sequencing. Next, we quantified the methylation status of the TERT promoter using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis (MS-HRM). Finally, we investigated TERT mRNA expression levels using real-time quantitative PCR. Fisher’s exact test was applied to evaluate the statistical significance between TERT promoter methylation status and tumor recurrence. PFS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates and compared between methylated with ummethylated PAs with the log-rank test. The correlation between TERT promoter methylation status and mRNA levels was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test. PFS was analyzed using multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model and included the following variables: age, sex, tumor size, tumor subtype, resection rate, radiation therapy, and methylation status.
RESULTS
TERT promoter hotspot mutations were not observed in any PA sample. Nineteen percent of PAs exhibitedTERT promoter methylation, which was significantly predominant in recurrent PA samples. PFS was significantly shorter in the methylated cases than in the unmethylated cases. Higher TERT expression levels were correlated with methylation status.
CONCLUSION
We found that TERT promoter methylation upregulated TERT expression and was associated with shorter PFS in PAs. Our results suggest thatTERT promoter methylation may be a potential biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence in PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adachi
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Miyake
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Mishima
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - R Araki
- Community Health Science Center, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - R Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
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10
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Naono-Nagatomo K, Abe H, Araki R, Funahashi H, Takeda R, Taniguchi H, Ishida Y. Corrigendum to "A survey of the effects of ramelteon on benzodiazepine-dependence: Comparison between a ramelteon add-on group and a continuous benzodiazepine administration group" [Asian J. Psychiatry 36 (2018) 20-24]. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 40:18. [PMID: 30682577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Naono-Nagatomo
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- School of Psychological Science, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Araki
- Department of Psychiatry, Sansyuwakitaoka Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Funahashi
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Takeda
- Health Care and Security Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Ishida
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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11
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Ferdousi F, Araki R, Hashimoto K, Isoda H. Olive leaf tea may have hematological health benefit over green tea. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2952-2955. [PMID: 30501915 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Olive leaf extracts are rich in several polyphenols having potential health benefits. We conducted the current parallel-group randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of long-term consumption of olive leaf tea (OLT) and green tea (GT) on hematological parameters in 31 female volunteers aged between 40 and 70 years of old. We found that RBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased significantly in the OLT group than those of in the GT group at 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. Within-group comparison showed that hematocrit was significantly increased in the OLT group at 6 weeks of intervention, whereas RBC count and serum iron was significantly decreased in the GT group at 12 weeks of intervention. This is the first clinical study reporting the beneficial effects of continuous intake of OLT on hematological parameters. This observation is supported by our previous in vitro study reporting the differentiation-inducing effect of certain olive leaf components on human hematopoietic stem cells. However, further investigations in larger cohorts with a careful consideration of target population are required to confirm the preventive effect of OLT against anemia and other red cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - R Araki
- Course of Clinical Research and Regional Innovation Donated by the Japanese Agriculture Ibaraki Public Welfare Federation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K Hashimoto
- Course of Clinical Research and Regional Innovation Donated by the Japanese Agriculture Ibaraki Public Welfare Federation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Naono-Nagatomo K, Abe H, Araki R, Funahashi H, Takeda R, Taniguchi H, Ishida Y. A survey of the effects of ramelteon on benzodiazepine-dependence: Comparison between a ramelteon add-on group and a continuous benzodiazepine administration group. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 36:20-24. [PMID: 29886401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In general, long-term benzodiazepine hypnotics are prescribed for patients in whom it is difficult to reduce benzodiazepine hypnotics. Unlike benzodiazepine receptor (BZ)-mediated sleep agents, ramelteon induces quasi-natural physiological sleep owing to its mechanism of action. We conducted a survey of ramelteon and BZ-dependence in patients with insomnia. Study subjects were patients with insomnia (42 cases), who were divided into a ramelteon group (22 cases; administered 8 mg/day of ramelteon before sleep in addition to BZ) and a control group (20 cases; continually administered only BZs), with a mean disease duration of 11.3 ± 9.6 years. All data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. No significant difference was observed between the ramelteon group and the control group when a questionnaire concerning BZ-dependence and withdrawal symptoms was used. A significant improvement in scores at Week 16 from those at Week 0 was observed in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index excerpt and in the Global Assessment of Functioning in the ramelteon group [corrected].The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed that the number of concomitantly used BZ hypnotics decreased significantly in the ramelteon group after Week 16, while no such change was observed in the control group. Thus, by adding ramelteon to therapy for patients with long-term insomnia, we were able to reduce the number of benzodiazepine hypnotics that were used concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Naono-Nagatomo
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- School of Psychological Science, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Ryuji Araki
- Department of Psychiatry, Sansyuwakitaoka Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Funahashi
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Takeda
- Health Care and Security Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Ishida
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Abstract
We describe the application of the biomolecular interaction (BIA) technique to detection of the interaction between protein (e.g., c-Jun) and DNA (e.g., two AP-1 motifs from bcl-2 promoter), compared with immunohistochemistry (IHC) of c-Jun. The specific binding assay for the interaction of c-Jun and activating protein-1 (AP-1) motifs was performed using a Biacore 2000 system. Intense immunoreactivity of c-Jun in glandular cells of the human uterine endometrium was observed in the proliferative phase, while c-Jun in stromal cells was expressed throughout the menstrual cycle. In contrast to the IHC of c-Jun, the specific binding of c-Jun to two separate AP-1 motifs in the bcl-2 promoter region was detected only in nuclear extracts of glandular cells, but not in stromal cells, during the proliferative phase. These results indicate that, while transmitting various signals, c-Jun enhances the transcription level of bcl-2, which in turn keeps glandular cells alive and proliferating in normal human endometrium during the proliferative phase. Moreover, the method involving real-time biomolecular interactions such as DNA-protein binding is novel for the study of transcription factors when combined with IHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Li
- Department of Anatomy, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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Okada R, Fujiwara H, Mizuki D, Araki R, Yabe T, Matsumoto K. Involvement of dopaminergic and cholinergic systems in social isolation-induced deficits in social affiliation and conditional fear memory in mice. Neuroscience 2015; 299:134-45. [PMID: 25943484 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-weaning social isolation rearing (SI) in rodents elicits various behavioral abnormalities including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors. In order to obtain a better understanding of SI-induced behavioral abnormalities, we herein investigated the effects of SI on social affiliation and conditioned fear memory as well as the neuronal mechanism(s) underlying these effects. Four-week-old male mice were group-housed (GH) or socially isolated for 2-4 weeks before the experiments. The social affiliation test and fear memory conditioning were conducted at the age of 6 and 7 weeks, respectively. SI mice were systemically administered saline or test drugs 30 min before the social affiliation test and fear memory conditioning. Contextual and auditory fear memories were elucidated 1 and 4 days after fear conditioning. Social affiliation and contextual and auditory fear memories were weaker in SI mice than in GH mice. Methylphenidate (MPH), an inhibitor for dopamine transporters, ameliorated the SI-induced social affiliation deficit and the effect was attenuated by SCH23390, a D1 receptor antagonist, but not by sulpiride, a D2 receptor antagonist. On the other hand, tacrine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, had no effect on this deficit. In contrast, tacrine improved SI-induced deficits in fear memories in a manner that was reversed by the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine, while MPH had no effect on memory deficits. Neurochemical studies revealed that SI down-regulated the expression levels of the phosphorylated forms of neuro-signaling proteins, calmodulin-dependent kinase II (p-CaMKII), and cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (p-CREB), as well as early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) in the hippocampus. The administration of MPH or tacrine before fear conditioning had no effect on the levels of the phosphorylated forms of the neuro-signaling proteins elucidated following completion of the auditory fear memory test; however, when analyzed 30 min after the administration of the test drugs, tacrine significantly attenuated the SI-induced decrease in p-CaMKII, p-CREB, and Egr-1 in a manner reversible by scopolamine. Our results suggest that SI-induced deficits in social affiliation and conditioned fear memory were mediated by functional alterations to central dopaminergic and cholinergic systems, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Okada
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - H Fujiwara
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - D Mizuki
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - R Araki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - T Yabe
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Araki R, Takita A, Ishima T, Kawashima H, Pornsuwancharoen N, Punthawanunt S, Carcasona E, Fujii Y. Impact force measurement of a spherical body dropping onto a water surface. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:075108. [PMID: 25085174 DOI: 10.1063/1.4878629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for measuring the impact force of a spherical body dropping onto a water surface. The velocity of the center of gravity of a metal spherical body, in which a cube corner prism is embedded so that its optical center coincides with the center of gravity of the sphere, is accurately measured using an optical interferometer. The acceleration, displacement, and inertial force of the sphere are calculated from the velocity. The sphere is also observed using a high-speed camera. The uncertainty in measuring the instantaneous value of the impact force with a sampling interval of approximately 1 ms is estimated to be 8 mN, which corresponds to 0.8% of the maximum force of approximately 1.0 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Araki
- School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Tenjin-cho 1-5-1, 376-8515, Japan
| | - A Takita
- School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Tenjin-cho 1-5-1, 376-8515, Japan
| | - T Ishima
- School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Tenjin-cho 1-5-1, 376-8515, Japan
| | - H Kawashima
- School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Tenjin-cho 1-5-1, 376-8515, Japan
| | - N Pornsuwancharoen
- Faculty of Industry and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thanyaburi 39 Muh1, Rangsit-Nakhonnayok Rd. Klong Hok, Thanyaburi Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - S Punthawanunt
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Kasem Bundit University, 1761 Pattanakarn Rd. Suanluang Bangkok 10250, Thailand
| | - E Carcasona
- Faculty of Engineering, University of San Carlos, P. del Rosario Street, Cebu City 6000, Philippines
| | - Y Fujii
- School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Tenjin-cho 1-5-1, 376-8515, Japan
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Miyoshi R, Matsuo H, Naono-Nagatomo K, Ozono K, Araki R, Ishikawa M, Abe H, Taniguchi H, Ishida Y. Weight control in schizophrenic patients through Sakata's Charting of Daily Weight Pattern and its associations with temperament and character. Asian J Psychiatr 2014; 7:52-7. [PMID: 24524710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study examined whether daily self-monitoring of weight and monthly interviews with a doctor improved eating habits and led to weight loss, and whether temperament and character traits affect weight change in persons with schizophrenia. METHODS Participants used Sakata's Charting of Daily Weight Pattern to monitor their weight daily. In addition, Sakata's Eating Behavior Questionnaire was administered to evaluate eating-behavior awareness. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to assess participants' temperament and character. Fifty patients were divided into two groups: the intervention group (n = 25) filled in Sakata's Charting of Daily Weight Pattern every day; was interviewed monthly by a doctor about weight management; was weighed monthly. The non-intervention group (n = 25) was only weighed monthly. RESULTS The body mass index (mean ± standard error: 0.59 ± 0.10 kg/m(2), p < 0.001) of the intervention group decreased significantly while their scores on Sakata's Eating Behavior Questionnaire significantly improved albeit marginally. Conversely, body mass index increased significantly (0.66 ± 0.18 kg/m(2), p < 0.001) in the non-intervention group, whose scores on Sakata's Eating Behavior Questionnaire did not change significantly. Weight change and TCI scores were not correlated for the intervention group, but scores for "self-directedness" and weight gain in the non-intervention group had a marginally significant negative correlation (r = -0.33, p < 0.10). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that monitoring one's weight daily on Sakata's Charting of Daily Weight Pattern led to improvements in eating behavior and a decrease in BMI of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoei Miyoshi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Hisae Matsuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Keiko Naono-Nagatomo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Abe
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Ishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Wakihara M, Kadoma Y, Kumagai N, Mita H, Araki R, Ozawa K, Ozawa Y. Development of nonflammable lithium ion battery using a new all-solid polymer electrolyte. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Kotani K, Satoh-Asahara N, Kato Y, Araki R, Himeno A, Yamakage H, Koyama K, Tanabe M, Oishi M, Okajima T, Shimatsu A. Serum Amyloid a Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels and Smoking Status in Obese Japanese Patients. J Int Med Res 2011; 39:1917-1922. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001103900536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A low-density lipoprotein (SAA-LDL) is formed by an oxidative interaction and is considered to be a new marker related to oxidative modification of LDL. As the effect of smoking on oxidized LDL is of concern, this study investigated the association between SAA-LDL and smoking status. A total of 578 Japanese obese outpatients (mean ± SD age 50.5 ± 14.3 years) were studied. Smoking status was examined via a self-reported questionnaire. Cardiometabolic variables, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), were analysed in addition to SAA-LDL. There was an increasing trend in SAA-LDL levels from non- to ex- to current smokers, and significantly higher SAA-LDL levels were observed in current smokers versus non-smokers (median SAA-LDL level 36 μg/ml versus 28 μg/ml, respectively). This significant difference was reduced after adjusting for multiple confounders, including lipid levels. Smoking may be associated with increased levels of SAA-LDL in an obese Japanese population, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kotani
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - N Satoh-Asahara
- Division of Metabolic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Kato
- Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Centre, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R Araki
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Mie Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - A Himeno
- Division of Metabolic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Yamakage
- Division of Metabolic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Koyama
- Diabetes Centre, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan
- International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Tanabe
- Diabetes Centre, National Hospital Organization Kokura Hospital, Kitakyu-syu, Japan
| | | | - T Okajima
- Diabetes Centre, National Hospital Organization Kokura Hospital, Kitakyu-syu, Japan
| | - A Shimatsu
- Division of Metabolic Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan
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Araki R, Hanyuu M, Satoh M, Shibazaki S, Ohno Y, Suzuki H. P1-77 Mathematical and agent-based analyses upon epidemiological diversity of the incidence of 2009 novel H1N1 flu (H1N1) among school children within and among small regional communities, Saitama, Japan. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Maeba H, Nishimura R, Kuroda R, Mase S, Araki R, Yachie A. The Impact of Iron Overload Before Transplant and the Natural Evolution of Ferritin After Transplant on Childhood Allogenic SCT. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.12.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Sato T, Nakamoto N, Abe T, Fukushima Y, Tomaru Y, Sakata Y, Nakazawa M, Nakamoto A, Kawasaki H, Wada Y, Ohara H, Araki R, Tanaka J, Yoda T. Preliminary results of a study comparing conventional radiography with phase-contrast radiography for assessing root morphology of mandibular third molars. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011; 40:91-5. [PMID: 21239571 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/13833682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of phase-contrast radiography for assessing root morphology of mandibular third molars in comparison with conventional radiography. METHODS We studied 37 extracted mandibular third molars. One oral surgeon compared the number of roots and root curvature of the extracted teeth on conventional radiographs with those on phase-contrast images. RESULTS The number of roots and root curvature on conventional images differed significantly from those on phase-contrast images. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the possibility that phase-contrast radiography is more useful than conventional radiography for assessing the root morphology of mandibular third molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, 38 Moro-hongou, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Tokyo 350-0495, Japan.
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Fukuchi H, Nakashima M, Araki R, Komiya N, Hayano M, Yano K, Sasaki H, Yukawa E. Effect of obesity on serum amiodarone concentration in Japanese patients: population pharmacokinetic investigation by multiple trough screen analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2009; 34:329-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kawashita M, Araki R, Takaoka G. Induction of bioactivity on silicone elastomer by simultaneous irradiation of oxygen cluster and monomer ion beams. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:621-7. [PMID: 18838347 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Silicone elastomer substrates were irradiated with acceleration voltages ranging from 3 to 9 kV and doses ranging from 1 x 10(14) to 2.5 x 10(15) ions cm(-2) by the simultaneous use of oxygen cluster and monomer (O(2) CM) ion beams, and then soaking in CaCl(2) solution. The apatite-forming ability of the substrates was examined using a metastable calcium phosphate solution that had 1.5 times the ion concentrations of normal simulated body fluid (1.5SBF). Silicon oxide clusters (SiO(x)) were formed at the silicone elastomer surfaces and the hydrophilicity of the substrates was remarkably improved by the irradiation. The irradiated silicone elastomer substrates formed apatite in 1.5SBF, whereas unirradiated ones did not. These results suggest that irradiation using O(2) CM ion beams is effective for inducing an apatite-forming ability on silicone elastomer substrates.
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Matsumoto K, Yano Y, Gabazza EC, Araki R, Bruno NE, Suematsu M, Akatsuka H, Katsuki A, Taguchi O, Adachi Y, Sumida Y. Inverse correlation between activated protein C generation and carotid atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2007; 24:1322-8. [PMID: 17971179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Activated protein C (APC) is a key regulator of the clotting system and immune responses. We studied the relationship between the degree of atherosclerosis as measured by the intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery and APC generation in Type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Eighty-seven Type 2 diabetic patients and 35 control subjects participated. APC generation was assessed by the plasma APC-protein C inhibitor complex (APC-PCI) levels and the mean IMT of carotid artery was measured by ultrasonography. The plasma levels of the thrombin-anti-thromobin complex (TAT) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS Plasma TAT levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients [2.03 (1.12, 2.56) ng/ml, median (25th, 75th percentile)] compared with control subjects [0.85 (0.55, 2.08) ng/ml, P < 0.01]. Plasma APC-PCI levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients [0.93 (0.74, 1.22) ng/ml], than in control subjects [1.66 (1.25, 2.36) ng/ml, P < 0.001]. The mean IMT was significantly increased in diabetic patients (0.881 +/- 0.242 mm; mean +/- sd) compared with control subjects (0.669 +/- 0.140 mm; P < 0.01). Univariate analysis showed a significant and inverse correlation between plasma APC-PCI levels and mean IMT (r = -0.32, P < 0.005), and multivariate regression analysis confirmed the independent correlation (P < 0.05). Moreover, plasma APC-PCI levels significantly and inversely correlated with plasma PDGF levels in diabetic patients (r = -0.30, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that decreased APC generation is associated with vascular atherosclerotic changes in Type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Kawashita M, Itoh S, Araki R, Miyamoto K, Takaoka GH. Surface structure and apatite-forming ability of polyethylene substrates irradiated by oxygen cluster ion beams. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 82:995-1003. [PMID: 17335033 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) substrates were irradiated at a dose of 1 x 10(15) ions/cm(2) by the simultaneous use of oxygen (O(2)) cluster and monomer ion beams. The acceleration voltage for the ion beams was varied from 3 to 9 kV. Unirradiated and irradiated PE substrates were soaked for 7 days in a metastable calcium phosphate solution (1.5SBF) that had 1.5 times the ion concentrations of a normal simulated body fluid. The irradiated PE substrates formed apatite on their surfaces, irrespective of the acceleration voltage, whereas unirradiated substrates did not form apatite. This is attributed to the formation of functional groups that are effective for apatite nucleation, such as --COOH groups, on the substrate surface by the simultaneous use of O(2) cluster and monomer ion beams. The apatite-forming ability of the irradiated PE substrates was improved greatly by a subsequent CaCl(2) solution treatment. This suggests that Ca(2+) ions introduced on the substrate surface by the CaCl(2) solution treatment accelerated the apatite nucleation. It is concluded that apatite-forming ability can be induced on the surface of PE by the simultaneous use of O(2) cluster and monomer ion beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawashita
- Ion Beam Engineering Experimental Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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Araki R, Maruyama C, Igarashi S, Yoshida M, Maruyama T, Satoh T, Yoshida M, Umegaki K. Effects of short-term folic acid and/or riboflavin supplementation on serum folate and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in young Japanese male subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 60:573-9. [PMID: 16391577 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of short-term folic acid and/or riboflavin supplementation on serum folate and plasma plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in young Japanese male subjects. DESIGN In a double blind, randomized controlled trial. INTERVENTION Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups and received a placebo (control group), 800 microg/day folic acid (FA group), 8.4 mg/day riboflavin (R group), or both (FAR group) for 2 weeks. SETTING Tokyo, Japan. SUBJECTS In total, 32 healthy male volunteers aged 20-29 years. RESULTS At the end of the 2 week supplementation period, the tHcy concentration decreased significantly in the FA group. Serum folate concentrations had increased between 2.7 and 2.0-fold in the FA and FAR groups, respectively, but the mean within-group changes in serum folate and plasma tHcy concentrations did not differ between these two groups. At the end of the study, alanine amino transferase was decreased in the R and FAR groups, while alanine amino transferase was increased in the FA group. CONCLUSION Supplementation with folic acid, 800 microg/day, for 2 weeks, increased the serum and red blood cell folate concentrations and decreased the plasma tHcy concentrations in healthy young male subjects. Riboflavin supplementation may have blunted the effect of folic acid, which resulted in a diminished reduction of tHcy in our subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Araki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Tokyo, Japan.
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Maruyama C, Araki R, Maruyama T, Nakano S, Motohashi Y, Nakanishi M, Kyotani S, Tsushima M. 4P-0936 Influence of plasma homocysteine concentration on plaque appearance and effects of folate intake and smoking on serum folic acid concentrations in Japanese. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(03)91194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Yanaga H, Fujii T, Koga T, Araki R, Shirouzu K. Prevention of carcinogenesis of mouse mammary epithelial cells RIII/MG by epigallocatechin gallate. Int J Mol Med 2002. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.10.3.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ohhata T, Araki R, Fukumura R, Kuroiwa A, Matsuda Y, Abe M. Cloning, genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding mouse DNA helicase RECQL5beta. Gene 2001; 280:59-66. [PMID: 11738818 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Five members of the RecQ helicase family, RECQL, WRN, BLM, RTS and RECQL5, have been found in human and three of them (WRN, BLM and RTS) were disclosed to be the genes responsible for Werner, Bloom and Rothmund-Thomson syndromes, respectively. RECQL5 (RecQ helicase protein-like 5) was isolated as the fifth member of the family in humans through a search of homologous expressed sequence tags. The gene is expressed with at least three alternative splicing products, alpha, beta and gamma. Here, we isolated mouse RECQL5 beta and determined the DNA sequence of full-length cDNA as well as the genome organization and chromosome locus. The mouse RECQL5 beta gene consists of 2949 bp coding 982 amino acid residues. Comparison of amino acid sequence among human (Homo sapiens), mouse (Mus musculus), Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans RECQL5 beta homologs revealed three portions of highly conserved regions in addition to the helicase domain. Nineteen exons are dispersed over 40 kbp in the genome and all of the acceptor and donor sites for the splicing of each exon conform to the GT/AG rule. The gene is localized to the mouse chromosome 11E2, which has a syntenic relation to human 17q25.2-q25.3 where human RECQL5 beta exists. Our genetic characterizations of the mouse RECQL5 beta gene will contribute to functional studies on the RECQL5 beta products.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohhata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Fukushima T, Takata M, Morrison C, Araki R, Fujimori A, Abe M, Tatsumi K, Jasin M, Dhar PK, Sonoda E, Chiba T, Takeda S. Genetic analysis of the DNA-dependent protein kinase reveals an inhibitory role of Ku in late S-G2 phase DNA double-strand break repair. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44413-8. [PMID: 11577093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106295200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major complementary double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways exist in vertebrates, homologous recombination (HR), which involves Rad54, and non-homologous end-joining, which requires the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). DNA-PK comprises a catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and a DNA-binding Ku70 and Ku80 heterodimer. To define the activities of individual DNA-PK components in DSB repair, we targeted the DNA-PKcs gene in chicken DT40 cells. DNA-PKcs deficiency caused a DSB repair defect that was, unexpectedly, suppressed by KU70 disruption. We have shown previously that genetic ablation of Ku70 confers RAD54-dependent radioresistance on S-G(2) phase cells, when sister chromatids are available for HR repair. To test whether direct interference by Ku70 with HR might explain the Ku70(-/-)/DNA-PKcs(-/-/-) radioresistance, we monitored HR activities directly in Ku- and DNA-PKcs-deficient cells. The frequency of intrachromosomal HR induced by the I-SceI restriction enzyme was increased in the absence of Ku but not of DNA-PKcs. Significantly, abrogation of HR activity by targeting RAD54 in Ku70(-/-) or DNA-PKcs(-/-/-) cells caused extreme radiosensitivity, suggesting that the relative radioresistance seen with loss of Ku70 was because of HR-dependent repair pathways. Our findings suggest that Ku can interfere with HR-mediated DSB repair, perhaps competing with HR for DSB recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fukushima
- CREST Research Project, Radiation Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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32
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Iwamoto Y, Araki R, Iriyama K, Oda T, Fukuda H, Hayashida S, Muramatsu T. Purification and characterization of bifunctional alginate lyase from Alteromonas sp. strain no. 272 and its action on saturated oligomeric substrates. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:133-42. [PMID: 11272816 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A marine bacterium (strain No. 272) isolated from sea mud in Omura Bay produced an alginate lyase and was classified as an Alteromonas species. The enzyme was purified from the culture medium of the bacterium by DEAE-Cellulofine, Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography to an electrophoretically homogeneous state in the presence and absence of SDS. The molecular mass of the enzyme was 23 and 33.9 kDa on Sephadex G-100 column chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, with an isoelectric point of 3.8. The predominant secondary structure of the enzyme was found to be most likely beta-structure by circular dichroism. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.5-8.0 and stable around pH 5-11. The enzyme was more labile in Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7.0) to heat treatment, than in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). No of metal ions significantly affected the enzyme activity. The enzyme acted on sodium alginate in an endo-type manner and on two components of alginate, poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronate and poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronate, as judged by routine ultraviolet assay (235 nm) and circular dichroic spectral changes of the substrates. However, the coexisting poly-alpha1,4-L-guluronate and poly-beta1,4-D-mannuronate apparently interacted with the enzyme in a competitive manner. Although the enzyme depolymerized alginate in an endo-type, it did not act on trimeric guluronate and mannuronate, but on the tetramers or more. The kinetic analyses showed that kcat/Km for each oligomer was larger for the guluronate oligomers than for the mannuronate ones, and that the subsite structure of the enzyme most likely consisted of six binding sites from the intrinsic reaction rate constant (kint) and intrinsic substrate binding constant (Kint).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iwamoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, Japan
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33
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Ohhata T, Araki R, Fukumura R, Kuroiwa A, Matsuda Y, Tatsumi K, Abe M. Cloning, genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding mouse DNA helicase RecQ helicase protein-like 4. Gene 2000; 261:251-8. [PMID: 11167012 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(00)00498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Five members of the RecQ helicase family, RECQL, WRN, BLM, RECQL4 and RECQL5 have been identified in humans. WRN and BLM have been demonstrated to be the responsible genes in Werner and Bloom syndromes, respectively. RECQL4 (RecQ helicase protein-like 4) was identified as a fourth member of the human RecQ helicase family bearing the helicase domain, and it was subsequently shown to be the responsible gene in Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. Here, we isolated mouse RECQL4 and determined the DNA sequence of full-length cDNA as well as the genome organization and chromosome locus. The mouse RECQL4 consists of 3651 base pairs coding 1216 amino acid residues and shares 63.4% of identical and 85.8% of homologous amino acid sequences with human RECQL4. The RECQL4 gene was localized to mouse chromosome 15D3 distal-E1 and rat chromosome 7q34 proximal. They were mapped in the region where the conserved linkage homology has been identified between the two species. Twenty-two exons dispersed over 7 kilo base pairs and all of the acceptor and donor sites for splicing of each exon conformed to the GT/AG rule. Our observations regarding mouse RECQL4 gene will contribute to functional studies on the RECQL4 products.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohhata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chiba University; Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, 263-8522, Chiba, Japan
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34
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Oka A, Takashima S, Abe M, Araki R, Takeshita K. Expression of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit and Ku80 in developing human brains: implication of DNA-repair in neurogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2000; 292:167-70. [PMID: 11018303 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We investigated expression of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and Ku80 in developing human brain, both of which have been suggested to be involved in the repair of DNA double-strand break (DSB). Their expressions were well correlated, and the highest immunoreactivity was observed in post-mitotic immature neurons in the cerebral cortex as well as in progenitors in the periventricular germinal layer. The reactivity gradually decreased during development. Our results support the notion that DSB is generated during the ontogeny of the human central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oka
- Division of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8504, Tottori, Japan.
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Fukumura R, Araki R, Fujimori A, Tsutsumi Y, Kurimasa A, Li GC, Chen DJ, Tatsumi K, Abe M. Signal joint formation is also impaired in DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit knockout cells. J Immunol 2000; 165:3883-9. [PMID: 11034395 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.7.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effort to elucidate the mechanism of V(D)J recombination has given rise to a dispute as to whether DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) contributes to signal joint formation (sjf). Observations reported to date are confusing. Analyses using DNA-PKcs-deficient cells could not conclude the requirement of DNA-PKcs for sjf, because sjf can be formed by end-joining activities which are diverse among cells other than those participating in V(D)J recombination. Here, we observed V(D)J recombination in DNA-PKcs knockout cells and showed that both signal and coding joint formation were clearly impaired in the cells. Subsequently, to directly demonstrate the requirement of DNA-PKcs for sjf, we introduced full-length cDNA of DNA-PKcs into the knockout cells. Furthermore, several mutant DNA-PKcs cDNA constructs designed from mutant cell lines (irs-20, V3, murine scid, and SX9) were also introduced into the cells to obtain further evidence indicating the involvement of DNA-PKcs in sjf. We found as a result that the full-length cDNA complemented the aberrant sjf and that the mutant cDNAs constructs also partially complemented it. Lastly, we looked at whether the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs is necessary for sjf and, as a result, demonstrated a close relationship between them. Our observations clearly indicate that the DNA-PKcs controls not only coding joint formation but also the sjf in V(D)J recombination through its kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fukumura
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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36
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Fujimori A, Araki R, Fukumura R, Ohhata T, Takahashi H, Kawahara A, Tatsumi K, Abe M. Identification of four highly conserved regions in DNA-PKcs. Immunogenetics 2000; 51:965-73. [PMID: 11003390 DOI: 10.1007/s002510000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gene for the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is responsible for severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) and its products associate with Ku70/Ku86 autoantigens, c-Abl, and other factors to exert its roles. Investigations to date suggest that DNA-PKcs comprises several regions which specifically interact with these known and other as yet unidentified factors. Nevertheless, the relationship between the structure and function of the DNA-PKcs molecule is poorly understood. Here we report cloning of the entire DNA-PKcs cDNA from chicken and Xenopus laevis. Comparative study of the DNA-PKcs polypeptides from four different vertebrates revealed at least three novel conserved regions in addition to the carboxyl-terminal region containing the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase domain. We also demonstrated that the four vertebrates share the common genomic organization between a licensing factor, MCM4, and DNA-PKcs, both of which locate in a head-to-head manner within a few kilobase intervals. These data provide useful clues for the further genetic study of this huge multifunctional enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fujimori
- Department of Biology and Oncology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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37
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Araki R, Fukumura R, Fujimori A, Taya Y, Shiloh Y, Kurimasa A, Burma S, Li GC, Chen DJ, Sato K, Hoki Y, Tatsumi K, Abe M. Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 serine 18 following DNA damage in DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit-deficient cells. Cancer Res 1999; 59:3543-6. [PMID: 10446957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) controls signal transduction following DNA damage. However, the molecular mechanism of the signal transduction has been elusive. A number of candidates for substrates of DNA-PK have been reported on the basis of the in vitro assay system. In particular, the Ser-15 amino acid residue in p53 was one of the first such in vitro substrates to be described, and it has drawn considerable attention due to its biological significance. Moreover, p53 Ser-15 is a site that has been shown to be phosphorylated in response to DNA damage. In addition, crucial evidence indicating that DNA-PK controls the transactivation of p53 following DNA damage was reported quite recently. To clarify these important issues, we conducted the experiments with dna-pkcs null mutant cells, including gene knockout cells. As a result, we detected enhanced phosphorylation of p53 Ser-18, which corresponds to Ser-15 of human p53, and significant expression of p21 and mdm2 following ionizing radiation. Furthermore, we identified a missense point mutation in the p53 DNA-binding motif region in SCGR11 cells, which were established from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and used for previous study on the role of DNA-PK in p53 transactivation. Our observation clearly indicates that DNA-PK catalytic subunit does not phosphorylate p53 Ser-18 in vivo or control the transactivation of p53 in response to DNA damage, and these results further emphasize the different pathways in which ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and DNA-PK operate following radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Araki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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38
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Burma S, Kurimasa A, Xie G, Taya Y, Araki R, Abe M, Crissman HA, Ouyang H, Li GC, Chen DJ. DNA-dependent protein kinase-independent activation of p53 in response to DNA damage. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:17139-43. [PMID: 10358069 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.24.17139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation at serine 15 of the human p53 tumor suppressor protein is induced by DNA damage and correlates with accumulation of p53 and its activation as a transcription factor. The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) can phosphorylate serine 15 of human p53 and the homologous serine 18 of murine p53 in vitro. Contradictory reports exist about the requirement for DNA-PK in vivo for p53 activation and cell cycle arrest in response to ionizing radiation. While primary SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) cells, that have defective DNA-PK, show normal p53 activation and cell cycle arrest, a transcriptionally inert form of p53 is induced in the SCID cell line SCGR11. In order to unambiguously define the role of the DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) in p53 activation, we examined p53 phosphorylation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from DNA-PKcs-null mice. We found a similar pattern of serine 18 phosphorylation and accumulation of p53 in response to irradiation in both control and DNA-PKcs-null MEFs. The induced p53 was capable of sequence-specific DNA binding even in the absence of DNA-PKcs. Transactivation of the cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p21, a downstream target of p53, and the G1 cell cycle checkpoint were also found to be normal in the DNA-PKcs -/- MEFs. Our results demonstrate that DNA-PKcs, unlike the related ATM protein, is not essential for the activation of p53 and G1 cell cycle arrest in response to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Burma
- Life Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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39
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Saito T, Seki N, Hattori A, Hayashi A, Abe M, Araki R, Fujimori A, Fukumura R, Kozuma S, Matsuda Y. Structure, expression profile, and chromosomal location of a mouse gene homologous to human DNA-PKcs interacting protein (KIP) gene. Mamm Genome 1999; 10:315-7. [PMID: 10051332 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Saito
- Genome Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Seki N, Hayashi A, Abe M, Araki R, Fujimori A, Fukumura R, Hattori A, Kozuma S, Ohhira M, Hori T, Saito T. Chromosomal assignment of the gene for human DNA-PKcs interacting protein (KIP) on chromosome 15q25.3-q26.1 by somatic hybrid analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Hum Genet 1998; 43:275-7. [PMID: 9852683 DOI: 10.1007/s100380050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the chromosomal location of the gene for DNA-PKcs interacting protein KIP. Based on fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analyses with both a human/rodent monochromosomal hybrid cell panel and a radiation hybrid mapping panel, this gene was mapped to q25.3-q26.1 region on chromosome 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Seki
- Genome Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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41
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Fujimori A, Matsuda Y, Takemoto Y, Hashimoto Y, Kubo E, Araki R, Fukumura R, Mita K, Tatsumi K, Muto M. Cloning and mapping of Np95 gene which encodes a novel nuclear protein associated with cell proliferation. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:1032-5. [PMID: 9880673 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously obtained a monoclonal antibody (Th-10a mAb) that recognizes a single 95-kDa mouse nuclear protein (NP95). Immunostaining analyses revealed that the NP95 was specifically stained in the S phase of normal mouse thymocytes. In contrast, mouse T cell lymphoma cells exhibited a constantly high level of NP95 accumulation irrespective of cell stages during the cell cycle. In the present study, we isolated the cDNA encoding the NP95 from a lambdagt-11 cDNA expression library, using the Th-10a mAb. Sequencing of the whole 3.5-kb cDNA revealed that NP95 is a novel nuclear protein with an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 782 amino acids. The ORF contains a zinc finger motif, a potential ATP/GTP binding site, a putative cyclin A/E-cdk2 phosphorylation site, and the retinoblastoma protein (RB)-binding motif "IXCXE". The chromosomal location of Np95 gene was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Np95 gene locates on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 17DE1.1. and rat Chr 9q11.2-q12.1. Np95 was strongly expressed in the testis, spleen, thymus, and lung tissues, but not in the brain, liver, or skeletal muscles. These results collectively implicate this novel nuclear protein in cell cycle progression and/or DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fujimori
- Department of Biology and Oncology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263, Japan
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42
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Saito T, Matsuda Y, Ishii H, Watanabe F, Mori M, Hayashi A, Araki R, Fujimori A, Fukumura R, Morimyo M, Tatsumi K, Hori T, Abe M. Mouse cdc21 only 0.5 kb upstream from dna-pkcs in a head-to-head organization: an implication of co-evolution of ATM family members and cell cycle regulating genes. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:769-72. [PMID: 9716665 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Saito
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku Anagawa 4-9-1, Chiba 263, Japan
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43
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Fukumura R, Araki R, Fujimori A, Mori M, Saito T, Watanabe F, Sarashi M, Itsukaichi H, Eguchi-Kasai K, Sato K, Tatsumi K, Abe M. Murine cell line SX9 bearing a mutation in the dna-pkcs gene exhibits aberrant V(D)J recombination not only in the coding joint but also in the signal joint. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:13058-64. [PMID: 9582343 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.21.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We established the radiosensitive cell line SX9 from mammary carcinoma cell line FM3A. In SX9 cells a defect of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity was suggested. Additionally, a complementation test suggested that the SX9 cell line belongs to a x-ray cross-complementing group (XRCC) 7. Isolation and sequence analyses of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (dna-pkcs) cDNA in SX9 cells disclosed nucleotide "T" (9572) to "C" transition causing substitution of amino acid residue leucine (3191) to proline. Interestingly, the mutation occurs in one allele, and transcripts of the dna-pkcs expressed exclusively from mutated allele. V(D)J recombination assay using extrachromosomal vector revealed the defects of not only coding but also signal joint formation. The frequency of the signal joint decreased to approximately one-tenth and the fidelity drastically decreased to 12. 2% as compared with the normal cell line. To confirm the responsibility of the dna-pkcs gene for abnormal V(D)J recombination in SX9, the full-length dna-pkcs gene was introduced into SX9. As a result, restoration of V(D)J recombination by wild type dna-pkcs cDNA was observed. SX9 is a novel dna-pkcs-deficient cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fukumura
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Fujimori A, Araki R, Fukumura R, Saito T, Mori M, Mita K, Tatsumi K, Abe M. The murine DNA-PKcs gene consists of 86 exons dispersed in more than 250 kb. Genomics 1997; 45:194-9. [PMID: 9339376 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The DNA-PKcs gene encodes the 465-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which associates with heterodimeric autoantigens Ku70 and Ku80 and exhibits protein kinase activity depending on DNA double-strand breaks. The gene is also responsible for the aberration in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mice, which exhibit a high sensitivity to ionizing radiation and abnormal DNA rearrangement of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes. There is further evidence that DNA-PKcs phosphorylates various proteins involved in DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. Nevertheless the structure/function relationship in this huge molecule is virtually unknown. We determined the exons and introns of the murine DNA-PKcs gene by the long-distance polymerase chain reaction method. The murine DNA-PKcs gene consists of 86 exons distributed in a region of more than 250 kb. The average size of the exons is 140 bp. All the splicing sites conform to the GT/AG rule. The SCID mutation site (Tyr4046) has been identified in exon 85. The genomic structure of the DNA-PKcs gene provides clues for the study of various functional domains in this macromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fujimori
- Division of Biology and Oncology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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45
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Araki R, Fujimori A, Hamatani K, Mita K, Saito T, Mori M, Fukumura R, Morimyo M, Muto M, Itoh M, Tatsumi K, Abe M. Nonsense mutation at Tyr-4046 in the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit of severe combined immune deficiency mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:2438-43. [PMID: 9122213 PMCID: PMC20106 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.6.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) mouse was reported as an animal model for human immune deficiency. Through the course of several studies, the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) gene came to be considered a candidate for the SCID-responsible gene. We isolated an ORF of the murine DNA-PKcs gene from SCID mice and their parent strain C.B-17 mice and determined the DNA sequences. The ORF of the murine DNA-PKcs gene contained 4128-aa residues and had 78.9% homology with the human DNA-PKcs gene. A particularly important finding is that a T to A transversion results in the substitution of termination codon in SCID mice for the Tyr-4046 in C.B-17 mice. No other mutation was detected in the ORF of the gene. The generality of this transversion was confirmed using four individual SCID and wild-type mice. The substitution took place in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase domain, and the mutated gene encodes the truncated products missing 83 residues of wild-type DNA-PKcs products. Furthermore, the quantity of DNA-PKcs transcript in wild-type and SCID cells was almost equal. These observations indicate that the DNA-PKcs gene is the SCID-responsible gene itself and that the detected mutation leads to the SCID aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Araki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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46
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Abstract
In recent years, time-resolved spectroscopy systems using near infrared pulsed laser have been applied to develop optical computed tomography. We applied this technique to measure the optical properties of osseous tissues. First, we gradually demineralized 10 mm blocks of bovine trabecular bone with EDTA, maintaining the absorption characteristics and structure but varying the hydroxyapatite content, thus creating specimens differing only in light scattering properties. We used computer densitograms to assess light penetration, and analyzed the correlation with bone mineral density (BMD) as with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. The light penetration increased with decreasing BMD. Second, using the above-mentioned pulsed laser time-resolved spectroscopy system, we investigated the correlation between the BMD and the time response waveforms of 10-mm blocks of bovine cortical bone, trabecular bone, and surrounding tissue as well as human trabecular bone. The human lumbar vertebral bone also displayed an inverse correlation between BMD and maximum light penetration and a positive correlation between BMD and peak time delay. This is the first demonstration of a correlation between BMD and light scattering properties showing that BMD can indeed be measured with light. Our results show the possibility of obtaining information on internal bone structure and composition in vivo through assessment of the waveforms obtained by a time-resolution system in the near infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saitama Medical School, Japan
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47
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Abstract
Severe combined immune deficiency (scid) mice are assumed to have two types of abnormalities: one is high radiosensitivity and the other is abnormal recombination in immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. The human chromosome 8 q1.1 region has an ability to complement the scid aberrations. Moreover, the localization of the subunit DNA-dependent protein kinase [DNA-PKcs] participating in DNA double-strand break repair in the same locus was clarified. In scid mouse cells, the number of DNA-PKcs products and extent of DNA-PK activity remarkably decrease. These observations gave rise to the assumption that DNA-PKcs is the scid factor itself. In order to determine whether the DNA-PKcs gene is the scid gene, we isolated the mouse DNA-PKcs gene and investigated its chromosomal locus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Consequently, it became clear that the mouse DNA-PKcs gene existed in the centromeric region of mouse chromosome 16, determined by cross-genetic study, as a scid locus. This finding strongly suggests that mouse DNA-PKcs is the scid gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hamatani
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Radiobiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 8-6 Nakagawa 1 chome, Nagasaki 850, Japan
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48
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Subbaramaiah K, Telang N, Ramonetti JT, Araki R, DeVito B, Weksler BB, Dannenberg AJ. Transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 is enhanced in transformed mammary epithelial cells. Cancer Res 1996; 56:4424-9. [PMID: 8813136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancers form more prostaglandins than the normal tissues from which they arise. Cyclooxygenase-2 (prostaglandin H synthase-2, PGHS-2, EC 1.14.99.1), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, is inducible in epithelial cells. We investigated whether transformation of mammary cells was associated with up-regulation of Cox-2 as a basis for increased production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by these cells. This hypothesis was tested in two pairs of mammary cell lines between which the mode of transformation (viral versus oncogene) differed. Virally transformed RIII/Pr1 cells, which are highly tumorigenic in mice, produced markedly increased amounts of PGE2 compared to virally initiated RIII/MG cells, a weakly tumorigenic strain. Cox-2 mRNA and protein were increased concomitantly in RIII/Pr1 cells. Similarly, Ras-induced transformation of C57/MG cells resulted in increased levels of Cox-2 mRNA and protein and increased production of PGE2. Nuclear run-offs revealed increased rates of Cox-2 transcription in the virally transformed and oncogene-transformed cell lines. Transient transfection experiments demonstrated that the oncogenes src and ras up-regulated Cox-2 promoter activity. Src-mediated up-regulation of Cox-2 promoter activity was suppressed by dominant negative ras. Our data indicate that cellular transformation is associated with enhanced transcription of Cox-2 and increased production of PGE2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 1
- Dinoprostone/biosynthesis
- Epithelial Cells
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Isoenzymes/biosynthesis
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oncogenes
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/biosynthesis
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- K Subbaramaiah
- Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
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49
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Matsuda Y, Hamatani K, Itoh M, Takahashi EI, Araki R, Abe M. Localization of the importin-beta gene to mouse chromosome 11D and rat chromosome 10q32.1. Genomics 1996; 36:213-5. [PMID: 8812441 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1996.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuda
- Division of Genetics, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, 263, Japan
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50
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Abstract
SCID mice are profoundly immunodeficient, resulting from an inability to carry out the V(D)J recombination reaction during both B cell and T cell development. Recently, however, it was revealed that normal rearrangement frequently did occur in the TCR delta and gamma chain loci in the SCID thymus. To evaluate whether the normal rearrangement occurring in SCID is a T-cell-specific phenomenon, we directly cloned using PCR the DQ52-JH2 and DFL16.1-JH2 rearranged segments of the IgH gene from SCID bone marrow. The subsequent analysis revealed that normal V(D)J recombination occurred in a significant number of the analyzed clones. By quantitative Southern hybridization it was shown that the quantity of normal DQ52-JH2 joints existing in the SCID bone marrow is approximately 4-7% that in normal bone marrow. D-JH rearrangement in SCID mice and normal mice differs in the frequency of nucleotide insertion (N insertion). Although most of the normal mouse clones exhibited N insertion in the D-JH rearrangement, in SCID mouse clones N insertion was identified in only a few D-JH rearrangements. Furthermore, in several normal rearranged clones, the recombination occurred at the short homologous sequence. These observations suggest that the V(D)J recombination of IgH normally occurs at the early stage of SCID B cell development, just as TCR gene rearrangement occurs during SCID T cell development. Furthermore, the features of rearranged products isolated from SCID bone marrow cells were remarkably similar to those from leaky SCID mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Araki
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Radiobiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 8-6 Nakagawa 1 chome, Nagasaki 850, Japan
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