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Mick P, Kabir R, Karunatilake M, Kathleen Pichora-Fuller M, Young TL, Sosero Y, Gan-Or Z, Wittich W, Phillips NA. APOE-ε4 is not associated with pure-tone hearing thresholds, visual acuity or cognition, cross-sectionally or over 3 years of follow up in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 138:72-82. [PMID: 38547662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hearing loss and diminished visual acuity are associated with poorer cognition, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allelic variant may drive the associations. We tested whether APOE-ε4 allele count (0, 1, or 2) was associated with declines in memory, executive function, pure-tone hearing threshold averages, and pinhole-corrected visual acuity among participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). METHODS Multivariable linear mixed regression models were utilized to assess associations between APOE-ε4 allele count and each of the outcome variables. For each main effects model, interactions between APOE-ε4 and sex and age group (45-54-, 55-64-, 65-74-, and 75-85 years) respectively, were analyzed. RESULTS Significant associations were not observed in main effects models. Models including APOE-ε4 * age (but not APOE-ε4 * sex) interaction terms better fit the data compared to main effects models. In age group-stratified models, however, there were minimal differences in effect estimates according to allele count. CONCLUSION APOE-ε4 allele count does not appear to be a common cause of sensory-cognitive associations in this large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mick
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Canada.
| | | | - Malshi Karunatilake
- University of Alberta, College of Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Canada
| | - M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller
- Professor emeritus, University of Toronto, Faculty of Arts and Sciencies, Department of Psychology, Canada
| | - Terry-Lyn Young
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, Canada
| | - Yuri Sosero
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Canada
| | | | - Natalie A Phillips
- Concordia University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, Canada
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Ji X, Peng X, Tang H, Pan H, Wang W, Wu J, Chen J, Wei N. Alzheimer's disease phenotype based upon the carrier status of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13208. [PMID: 37646624 PMCID: PMC10711266 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (APOE4) is universally acknowledged as the most potent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 promotes the initiation and progression of AD. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclearly understood, differences in lipid-bound affinity among the three APOE isoforms may constitute the basis. The protein APOE4 isoform has a high affinity with triglycerides and cholesterol. A distinction in lipid metabolism extensively impacts neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. APOE4 carriers exhibit phenotypic differences from non-carriers in clinical examinations and respond differently to multiple treatments. Therefore, we hypothesized that phenotypic classification of AD patients according to the status of APOE4 carrier will help specify research and promote its use in diagnosing and treating AD. Recent reviews have mainly evaluated the differences between APOE4 allele carriers and non-carriers from gene to protein structures, clinical features, neuroimaging, pathology, the neural network, and the response to various treatments, and have provided the feasibility of phenotypic group classification based on APOE4 carrier status. This review will facilitate the application of APOE phenomics concept in clinical practice and promote further medical research on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yu Ji
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
- Brain Function and Disease LaboratoryShantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Xin‐Yuan Peng
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Hai‐Liang Tang
- Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory for Medical NeurobiologyInstitutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College‐Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Pan
- Shantou Longhu People's HospitalShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Wei‐Tang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
- Brain Function and Disease LaboratoryShantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
| | - Nai‐Li Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeGuangdongChina
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Tubi MA, Wheeler K, Matsiyevskiy E, Hapenney M, Mack WJ, Chui HC, King K, Thompson PM, Braskie MN. White matter hyperintensity volume modifies the association between CSF vascular inflammatory biomarkers and regional FDG-PET along the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:1-12. [PMID: 37708739 PMCID: PMC10843575 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In older adults with abnormal levels of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology, lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with lower [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) signal, but whether this association is (1) specific to VEGF or broadly driven by vascular inflammation, or (2) modified by vascular risk (e.g., white matter hyperintensities [WMHs]) remains unknown. To address this and build upon our past work, we evaluated whether 5 CSF vascular inflammation biomarkers (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, VEGF, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor)-previously associated with CSF amyloid levels-were related to FDG-PET signal and whether WMH volume modified these associations in 158 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants (55-90 years old, 39 cognitively normal, 80 mild cognitive impairment, 39 Alzheimer's disease). We defined regions both by cortical boundary and by the 3 major vascular territories: anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. We found that WMH volume had interactive effects with CSF biomarkers (VEGF and C-reactive protein) on FDG-PET throughout the cortex in both vascular territories and conventionally defined regions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral A Tubi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Koral Wheeler
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Matsiyevskiy
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Hapenney
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin King
- Department of Neuroradiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Meredith N Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
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Acharya V, Fan KH, Snitz BE, Ganguli M, DeKosky ST, Lopez OL, Feingold E, Kamboh MI. Meta-analysis of age-related cognitive decline reveals a novel locus for the attention domain and implicates a COVID-19-related gene for global cognitive function. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:5010-5022. [PMID: 37089073 PMCID: PMC10590825 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive abilities have substantial heritability throughout life, as shown by twin- and population-based studies. However, there is limited understanding of the genetic factors related to cognitive decline in aging across neurocognitive domains. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis on 3045 individuals aged ≥65, derived from three population-based cohorts, to identify genetic variants associated with the decline of five neurocognitive domains (attention, memory, executive function, language, visuospatial function) and global cognitive decline. We also conducted gene-based and functional bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS Apolipoprotein E (APOE)4 was significantly associated with decline of memory (p = 5.58E-09) and global cognitive function (p = 1.84E-08). We identified a novel association with attention decline on chromosome 9, rs6559700 (p = 2.69E-08), near RASEF. Gene-based analysis also identified a novel gene, TMPRSS11D, involved in the activation of SARS-CoV-2, to be associated with the decline in global cognitive function (p = 4.28E-07). DISCUSSION Domain-specific genetic studies can aid in the identification of novel genes and pathways associated with decline across neurocognitive domains. HIGHLIGHTS rs6559700 was associated with decline of attention. APOE4 was associated with decline of memory and global cognitive decline. TMPRSS11D, a gene involved in the activation of SARS-CoV-2, was implicated in global cognitive decline. Cognitive domain abilities had both unique and shared molecular pathways across the domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Acharya
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kang-Hsien Fan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Beth E. Snitz
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Steven T. DeKosky
- McKnight Brain Institute and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Nichols E, Brickman AM, Casaletto KB, Dams-O’Connor K, George KM, Kumar RG, Palta P, Rabin JS, Satizabal CL, Schneider J, Pa J, La Joie R. AD and non-AD mediators of the pathway between the APOE genotype and cognition. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2508-2519. [PMID: 36516004 PMCID: PMC10264550 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype is a driver of cognitive decline and dementia. We used causal mediation methods to characterize pathways linking the APOE genotype to late-life cognition through Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD neuropathologies. METHODS We analyzed autopsy data from 1671 individuals from the Religious Orders Study, Memory and Aging Project, and Minority Aging Research Study (ROS/MAP/MARS) studies with cognitive assessment within 5 years of death and autopsy measures of AD (amyloid beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles), vascular (athero/arteriolo-sclerosis, micro-infarcts/macro-infarcts), and non-AD neurodegenerative neuropathologies (TAR DNA protein 43 [TDP-43], Lewy bodies, amyloid angiopathy, hippocampal sclerosis). RESULTS The detrimental effect of APOE ε4 on cognition was mediated by summary measures of AD and non-AD neurodegenerative neuropathologies but not vascular neuropathologies; effects were strongest in individuals with dementia. The protective effect of APOE ε2 was partly mediated by AD neuropathology and stronger in women than in men. DISCUSSION The APOE genotype influences cognition and dementia through multiple neuropathological pathways, with implications for different therapeutic strategies targeting people at increased risk for dementia. HIGHLIGHTS Both apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 and APOE ε4 effects on late-life cognition are mediated by AD neuropathology. The estimated mediated effects of most measures of AD neuropathology were similar. Non-Alzheimer's disease (AD) neurodegenerative pathologies mediate the effect of ε4 independently from AD. Non-AD vascular pathologies did not mediate the effect of the APOE genotype on cognition. The protective effect of APOE ε2 on cognition was stronger in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School
of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease
and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill
Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen M. George
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Raj G. Kumar
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Priya Palta
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia
University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Rabin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook
Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain
Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of
Toronto, Canada
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Department of Population Health Science and Biggs
Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San
Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, IL,
USA
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy Pa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill
Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Wang S, Xue Y, Zhang J, Meng H, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang Z, Li H, Pan B, Lu X, Zhang Q, Niu Q. Interaction between aluminum exposure and ApoEε4 gene on cognitive function of in-service workers. Chemosphere 2023; 323:138282. [PMID: 36868418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cognitive impairment, the early stage of AD, may be affected both by factors of environmental (aluminum exposure) and genetic (ApoEε4 gene). But whether there is an interaction between the two factors on cognitive function is still unknown. To explore the interaction between the two factors on cognitive function of in-service workers. A total of 1121 in-service workers in a large aluminum factory were investigated in Shanxi Province. Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the clock-drawing test (CDT), the Digit Span Test (DST, including DSFT and DSBT), the fuld object memory evaluation (FOM), and the verbal fluency task (VFT). The plasma-Al (p-Al) concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an internal exposure indicator, and the participants were divided into four Al exposure groups according to the quartile of p-Al concentrations, namely Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. ApoE genotype was determined by Ligase Detection Reaction (LDR). The multiplicative model was fitted using non-conditional logistic regression and additive model was fitted using crossover analysis to analyze the interaction between p-Al concentrations and the ApoEε4 gene. Finally, a dose-response relationship between p-Al concentrations and cognitive impairment was observed, with the p-Al concentrations increased, cognitive function performance gradually becomes worse (Ptrend<0.05), and the risk of cognitive impairment gradually increases (Ptrend<0.05), mainly in executive/visuospatial impairment, auditory memory impairment (particularly the working memory impairment). And ApoEε4 gene may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment, while no association between the ApoEε2 gene and cognitive impairment is observed. Additionally, an additive but no multiplicative interaction between p-Al concentrations and ApoEε4 gene is observed, and when the two factors work together, the risk of cognitive impairment further increased, of which 44.2% can be attributed to the interaction effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yingjun Xue
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Huaxing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jingsi Zhang
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China
| | - Baolong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazards and Health Damage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Qinli Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazards and Health Damage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China; Key Lab of Environmental Hazards and Health Damage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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Lennon MJ, Brooker H, Creese B, Thayanandan T, Rigney G, Aarsland D, Hampshire A, Ballard C, Corbett A, Raymont V. Lifetime Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Domain Deficits in Late Life: The PROTECT-TBI Cohort Study. J Neurotrauma 2023. [PMID: 36716779 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes cognitive impairment but it remains contested regarding which cognitive domains are most affected. Further, moderate-severe TBI is known to be deleterious, but studies of mild TBI (mTBI) show a greater mix of negative and positive findings. This study examines the longer-term cognitive effects of TBI severity and number of mTBIs in later life. We examined a subset (n = 15,764) of the PROTECT study, a cohort assessing risk factors for cognitive decline (ages between 50 and 90 years). Participants completed cognitive assessments annually for 4 years. Cognitive tests were grouped using a principal components analysis (PCA) into working memory, episodic memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function. Lifetime TBI severity and number were retrospectively recalled by participants using the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire (BISQ). Linear mixed models (LMMs) examined the effect of severity of head injury (non-TBI head strike, mTBI, and moderate-severe TBI) and number of mTBI at baseline and over time. mTBI was considered as a continuous and categorical variable (groups: 0 mTBI, 1 mTBI, 2 mTBIs, 3 mTBIs, and 4+ mTBIs). Of the participants 5725 (36.3%) reported at least one mTBI and 510 (3.2%) at least one moderate-severe TBI, whereas 3711 (23.5%) had suffered at worst a non-TBI head strike and 5818 (32.9%) reported no head injuries. The participants had suffered their last reported head injury an average (standard deviation, SD) of 29.6 (20.0) years prior to the study. Regarding outcomes, there was no worsening in longitudinal cognitive trajectories over the study duration but at baseline there were significant cognitive deficits associated with TBI. At baseline, compared with those without head injury, individuals reporting at least one moderate-severe TBI had significantly poorer attention (B = -0.163, p < 0.001), executive scores (B = -0.151, p = 0.004), and processing speed (B = -0.075, p = 0.033). Those who had suffered at least a single mTBI also demonstrated significantly poorer attention scores at baseline compared with the no head injury group (B = -0.052, p = 0.001). Compared with those with no mTBI, those in the 3 mTBI group manifested poorer baseline executive function (B = -0.149, p = 0.025) and attention scores (B = -0.085, p = 0.015). At baseline, those who had suffered four or more mTBIs demonstrated poorer attention (B = -0.135, p < 0.001), processing speed (B = -0.072, p = 0.009), and working memory (B = -0.052, p = 0.036), compared with those reporting no mTBI. TBI is associated with fixed, dose, and severity-dependent cognitive deficits. The most sensitive cognitive domains are attention and executive function, with approximately double the effect compared with processing speed and working memory. Post-TBI cognitive rehabilitation should be targeted appropriately to domain-specific effects. Significant long-term cognitive deficits were associated with three or more lifetime mTBIs, a critical consideration when counseling individuals post-TBI about continuing high-risk activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lennon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Brooker
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Byron Creese
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Thayanandan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Grant Rigney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, IoPPN, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Age-Related Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Corbett
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Raymont
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Steele OG, Stuart AC, Minkley L, Shaw K, Bonnar O, Anderle S, Penn AC, Rusted J, Serpell L, Hall C, King S. A multi-hit hypothesis for an APOE4-dependent pathophysiological state. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:5476-5515. [PMID: 35510513 PMCID: PMC9796338 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The APOE gene encoding the Apolipoprotein E protein is the single most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The APOE4 genotype confers a significantly increased risk relative to the other two common genotypes APOE3 and APOE2. Intriguingly, APOE4 has been associated with neuropathological and cognitive deficits in the absence of Alzheimer's disease-related amyloid or tau pathology. Here, we review the extensive literature surrounding the impact of APOE genotype on central nervous system dysfunction, focussing on preclinical model systems and comparison of APOE3 and APOE4, given the low global prevalence of APOE2. A multi-hit hypothesis is proposed to explain how APOE4 shifts cerebral physiology towards pathophysiology through interconnected hits. These hits include the following: neurodegeneration, neurovascular dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endosomal trafficking impairments, lipid and cellular metabolism disruption, impaired calcium homeostasis and altered transcriptional regulation. The hits, individually and in combination, leave the APOE4 brain in a vulnerable state where further cumulative insults will exacerbate degeneration and lead to cognitive deficits in the absence of Alzheimer's disease pathology and also a state in which such pathology may more easily take hold. We conclude that current evidence supports an APOE4 multi-hit hypothesis, which contributes to an APOE4 pathophysiological state. We highlight key areas where further study is required to elucidate the complex interplay between these individual mechanisms and downstream consequences, helping to frame the current landscape of existing APOE-centric literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucy Minkley
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Kira Shaw
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Orla Bonnar
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah King
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
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Saiyasit N, Butlig EAR, Chaney SD, Traylor MK, Hawley NA, Randall RB, Bobinger HV, Frizell CA, Trimm F, Crook ED, Lin M, Hill BD, Keller JL, Nelson AR. Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diverse Communities With Health Disparities-Contributions to Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:915405. [PMID: 35844216 PMCID: PMC9279126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.915405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are an expanding worldwide crisis. In the absence of scientific breakthroughs, the global prevalence of ADRD will continue to increase as more people are living longer. Racial or ethnic minority groups have an increased risk and incidence of ADRD and have often been neglected by the scientific research community. There is mounting evidence that vascular insults in the brain can initiate a series of biological events leading to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and ADRD. We are a group of researchers interested in developing and expanding ADRD research, with an emphasis on vascular contributions to dementia, to serve our local diverse community. Toward this goal, the primary objective of this review was to investigate and better understand health disparities in Alabama and the contributions of the social determinants of health to those disparities, particularly in the context of vascular dysfunction in ADRD. Here, we explain the neurovascular dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors contributing to dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Next, we ascertain ethnoregional health disparities of individuals living in Alabama, as well as relevant vascular risk factors linked to AD. We also discuss current pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment options for neurovascular dysfunction, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, including relevant studies and ongoing clinical trials. Overall, individuals in Alabama are adversely affected by social and structural determinants of health leading to health disparities, driven by rurality, ethnic minority status, and lower socioeconomic status (SES). In general, these communities have limited access to healthcare and healthy food and other amenities resulting in decreased opportunities for early diagnosis of and pharmaceutical treatments for ADRD. Although this review is focused on the current state of health disparities of ADRD patients in Alabama, future studies must include diversity of race, ethnicity, and region to best be able to treat all individuals affected by ADRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napatsorn Saiyasit
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Evan-Angelo R. Butlig
- Department of Neurology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samantha D. Chaney
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Miranda K. Traylor
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Nanako A. Hawley
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Ryleigh B. Randall
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Hanna V. Bobinger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Carl A. Frizell
- Department of Physician Assistant Studies, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Franklin Trimm
- College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Errol D. Crook
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Mike Lin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Joshua L. Keller
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Amy R. Nelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
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Yoo SY, Han A, Park S, Lee JY. Incidence and Cognitive Decline of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia by Apolipoprotein ε4 Allele Presence: A Community-Based Cohort Study in Korean Elderly. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:190-196. [PMID: 35232006 PMCID: PMC8958210 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele to the incidence of dementia and cognitive decline in a cohort of a Korean community. METHODS From a community-based dementia-free cohort, 357 participants were genotyped. Participants underwent 2 cognitive assessments separated by a hiatus between 6 to 7 years and were diagnosed as healthy control (n=297), Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n=44), and other dementia (n=16) at the second assessment. Incidence risk and onset age of disease according to APOE ε4 presence were analyzed in AD and other dementia. Differences in cognitive decline rate depending on APOE ε4 were also examined across all groups. RESULTS The relative risks and onset age of dementia were not different by the presence of the APOE ε4 allele. Cognitive decline was more prominent in the presence of APOE ε4 allele (score change=7.4) than non-presence (score change=3.1), and this interaction was significant only in the AD group (F=10.51, p=0.003). CONCLUSION The APOE ε4 alleles can be a critical factor in predicting cognitive change for AD in the Korean community population but not in predicting AD incidence. This finding suggest that clinicians consider the presence of APOE ε4 allele examining patients with rapid declining dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander Han
- Department of BioSciences & Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soowon Park
- Division of Teacher Education, College of General Education for Truth, Sincerity and Love, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Tsiknia AA, Reas E, Bangen KJ, Sundermann EE, McEvoy L, Brewer JB, Edland SD, Banks SJ. Sex and APOE ε4 modify the effect of cardiovascular risk on tau in cognitively normal older adults. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac035. [PMID: 35233525 PMCID: PMC8882003 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The interaction between APOE ε4 and vascular risk factors on cognitive function is stronger in women than in men. These effects may be mediated by the amount of tau pathology in the brain. Therefore, we examined whether APOE ε4 and sex modify cross-sectional associations between cardiovascular risk and tau deposition in cognitively normal older adults from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We calculated the Framingham Heart Study cardiovascular disease risk score for 141 participants (74 women, 47 APOE ε4 carriers) with complete medical history data, processed tau PET data and a Clinical Dementia Rating global score of 0.0 at the time of the tau PET scan, implying no significant cognitive or functional impairment. We used linear regression models to examine the effects of sex, APOE ε4, cardiovascular risk and their interactions on tau deposition in the entorhinal cortex, inferior temporal cortex and a composite meta-region of interest of temporal lobe areas. We found a significant three-way interaction among sex, APOE ε4 status, and cardiovascular disease risk on tau deposition in the entorhinal cortex (β = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.07; P =0.008), inferior temporal cortex (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.05; P =0.029) and meta-region (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.0–0.04; P = 0.042). After stratifying by APOE ε4 status to examine interactions between sex and cardiovascular disease risk on tau in APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers, we found a significant two-way interaction between sex and cardiovascular disease risk on tau in the entorhinal cortex (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08; P =0.001), inferior temporal cortex (β = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05; P =0.009) and meta-region (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; P =0.008) only among APOE ε4 carriers. In analyses stratified by sex, higher cardiovascular risk scores were associated with higher levels of tau in the entorhinal cortex (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08; P =0.002), inferior temporal cortex (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.05; P =0.023) and meta-region (β = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.04; P =0.013) in female APOE ε4 carriers but not in male carriers. Our findings suggest that cognitively normal older women carrying at least one APOE ε4 allele, may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cardiovascular disease risk on early tau deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaryllis A. Tsiknia
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emilie Reas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine J. Bangen
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin E. Sundermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda McEvoy
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James B. Brewer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven D. Edland
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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12
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Bin-Jumah MN, Nadeem MS, Gilani SJ, Al-Abbasi FA, Ullah I, Alzarea SI, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Uddin A, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031499. [PMID: 35163422 PMCID: PMC8836117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aziz Uddin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
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Haberstumpf S, Forster A, Leinweber J, Rauskolb S, Hewig J, Sendtner M, Lauer M, Polak T, Deckert J, Herrmann MJ. Measurement invariance testing of longitudinal neuropsychiatric test scores distinguishes pathological from normative cognitive decline and highlights its potential in early detection research. J Neuropsychol 2021; 16:324-352. [PMID: 34904368 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing challenge worldwide, which is why the search for early-onset predictors must be focused as soon as possible. Longitudinal studies that investigate courses of neuropsychological and other variables screen for such predictors correlated to mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, one often neglected issue in analyses of such studies is measurement invariance (MI), which is often assumed but not tested for. This study uses the absence of MI (non-MI) and latent factor scores instead of composite variables to assess properties of cognitive domains, compensation mechanisms, and their predictability to establish a method for a more comprehensive understanding of pathological cognitive decline. METHODS An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a set of increasingly restricted confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to find latent factors, compared them with the composite approach, and to test for longitudinal (partial-)MI in a neuropsychiatric test battery, consisting of 14 test variables. A total of 330 elderly (mean age: 73.78 ± 1.52 years at baseline) were analyzed two times (3 years apart). RESULTS EFA revealed a four-factor model representing declarative memory, attention, working memory, and visual-spatial processing. Based on CFA, an accurate model was estimated across both measurement timepoints. Partial non-MI was found for parameters such as loadings, test- and latent factor intercepts as well as latent factor variances. The latent factor approach was preferable to the composite approach. CONCLUSION The overall assessment of non-MI latent factors may pose a possible target for this field of research. Hence, the non-MI of variances indicated variables that are especially suited for the prediction of pathological cognitive decline, while non-MI of intercepts indicated general aging-related decline. As a result, the sole assessment of MI may help distinguish pathological from normative aging processes and additionally may reveal compensatory neuropsychological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Haberstumpf
- Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - André Forster
- Institute of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Rauskolb
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hewig
- Institute of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lauer
- Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Polak
- Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Jeon YW, Park HS, Ko Y, Sung YS, Shim BY, Suh YJ, Kim HA. Intermuscular fat density as a novel prognostic factor in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021. [PMID: 34283341 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition, including sarcopenia and fat parameters, has received much attention as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. METHODS A total of 479 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. Body composition, including the index and density of skeletal muscle, visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and intermuscular fat calculated by CT scan, was used as a prognostic factor. The endpoints were breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS The number of patients with stages I, II, and III was 146 (30.5%), 237 (49.5%), and 96 (20%), respectively. Sarcopenia and muscle density were not significant prognostic factors for BCSS and OS. A high visceral fat index (VFI) was an independent prognostic factor for BCSS (HR, 2.55; 95% CI 1.10-5.95, p = 0.03) and OS (HR 2.55, 95% CI 1.26-5.16, p = 0.01). In addition, high intermuscular fat density (IMFD) was also a significant prognostic factor for BCSS (HR, 2.95; 95% CI 1.34-6.46, p = 0.007) and OS (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.22-4.26, p = 0.01) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION VFI and IMFD were significant prognostic factors for BCSS and OS in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
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15
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Perez-Lasierra JL, Casajús JA, Casasnovas JA, Arbones-Mainar JM, Lobo A, Lobo E, Moreno-Franco B, Gonzalez-Agüero A. Can Physical Activity Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Decline in Apolipoprotein e4 Carriers? A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7238. [PMID: 34299687 PMCID: PMC8303365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of cognitive decline (CD) in the general population. However, little is known about whether the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOE e4) could modify this beneficial effect. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and synthetize the scientific evidence related to PA levels and CD risk in cognitively healthy APOE e4 carriers. Four electronic databases were analyzed. Only original articles with longitudinal study design were selected to analyze the relationship between PA and CD in APOE e4 carriers. Five studies were included in the systematic review. All studies except one stated that PA is a protective factor against CD in APOE e4 carriers. Moreover, partial support was found for the hypothesis that a greater amount and intensity of PA are more beneficial in CD prevention. The results support the idea that PA is a protective factor against CD in APOE e4 carriers. Nevertheless, it would be necessary to carry out further studies that would allow these findings to be contrasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Perez-Lasierra
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.L.P.-L.); (J.A.C.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Casajús
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.L.P.-L.); (J.A.C.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Casasnovas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (B.M.-F.)
- CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Arbones-Mainar
- CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (B.M.-F.)
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Lobo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (B.M.-F.)
- CIBERSAM Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Lobo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (B.M.-F.)
- CIBERSAM Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Belén Moreno-Franco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.A.C.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (B.M.-F.)
- CIBERCV Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gonzalez-Agüero
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (J.L.P.-L.); (J.A.C.)
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBEROBN Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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16
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Foret JT, Dekhtyar M, Cole JH, Gourley DD, Caillaud M, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Network Modeling Sex Differences in Brain Integrity and Metabolic Health. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:691691. [PMID: 34267647 PMCID: PMC8275835 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.691691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis-driven studies have demonstrated that sex moderates many of the relationships between brain health and cardiometabolic disease, which impacts risk for later-life cognitive decline. In the present study, we sought to further our understanding of the associations between multiple markers of brain integrity and cardiovascular risk in a midlife sample of 266 individuals by using network analysis, a technique specifically designed to examine complex associations among multiple systems at once. Separate network models were constructed for male and female participants to investigate sex differences in the biomarkers of interest, selected based on evidence linking them with risk for late-life cognitive decline: all components of metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia); neuroimaging-derived brain-predicted age minus chronological age; ratio of white matter hyperintensities to whole brain volume; seed-based resting state functional connectivity in the Default Mode Network, and ratios of N-acetyl aspartate, glutamate and myo-inositol to creatine, measured through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Males had a sparse network (87.2% edges = 0) relative to females (69.2% edges = 0), indicating fewer relationships between measures of cardiometabolic risk and brain integrity. The edges in the female network provide meaningful information about potential mechanisms between brain integrity and cardiometabolic health. Additionally, Apolipoprotein ϵ4 (ApoE ϵ4) status and waist circumference emerged as central nodes in the female model. Our study demonstrates that network analysis is a promising technique for examining relationships between risk factors for cognitive decline in a midlife population and that investigating sex differences may help optimize risk prediction and tailor individualized treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle T. Foret
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Maria Dekhtyar
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - James H. Cole
- Department of Computer Science, Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Drew D. Gourley
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Marie Caillaud
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Andreana P. Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Biomedical Imaging Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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Tubi MA, Kothapalli D, Hapenney M, Feingold FW, Mack WJ, King KS, Thompson PM, Braskie MN. Regional relationships between CSF VEGF levels and Alzheimer's disease brain biomarkers and cognition. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:241-251. [PMID: 34126466 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a complex signaling protein that supports vascular and neuronal function. Alzheimer's disease (AD) -neuropathological hallmarks interfere with VEGF signaling and modify previously detected positive associations between cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) VEGF and cognition and hippocampal volume. However, it remains unknown 1) whether regional relationships between VEGF and glucose metabolism and cortical thinning exist, and 2) whether AD-neuropathological hallmarks (CSF Aβ, t-tau, p-tau) also modify these relationships. We addressed this in 310 Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) participants (92 cognitively normal, 149 mild cognitive impairment, 69 AD; 215 CSF Aβ+, 95 CSF Aβ-) with regional cortical thickness and cognition measurements and 158 participants with FDG-PET. In Aβ + participants (CSF Aβ42 ≤ 192 pg/mL), higher CSF VEGF levels were associated with greater FDG-PET signal in the inferior parietal, and middle and inferior temporal cortices. Abnormal CSF amyloid and tau levels strengthened the positive association between VEGF and regional FDG-PET indices. VEGF also had both direct associations with semantic memory, as well as indirect associations mediated by regional FDG-PET signal to cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral A Tubi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Deydeep Kothapalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Hapenney
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Franklin W Feingold
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin S King
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Imaging Division, Pasadena, CA, 91105 USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Meredith N Braskie
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
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18
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Cao J, Amakye WK, Qi C, Liu X, Ma J, Ren J. Bifidobacterium Lactis Probio-M8 regulates gut microbiota to alleviate Alzheimer's disease in the APP/PS1 mouse model. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3757-3769. [PMID: 33796919 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have shown that Alzheimer's disease is associated with significant alterations in the gut microbiota. But the effect of probiotics and/or prebiotics on Alzheimer's disease still remains to be explored. The aim of this study was to determine whether Bifidobacterium Lactis Probio-M8 could alleviate Alzheimer's disease pathophysiologies in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. METHODS 4-month old APP/PS1 mice were randomly put into two groups and fed with either Probio-M8 or saline water for 45 days. Fecal samples of mice were collected at the beginning and the end of the treatment period to determine the composition of the gut microbiota via 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing technology. The number and size of Aβ plaques in the brain were quantified. In addition, Y maze, novel object recognition and nest building were employed to access cognitive function in the 8-months old APP/PS1 mice at the end of the treatment period. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Probio-M8 reduced Aβ plaque burden in the whole brain and protected against gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, Probio-M8 could alleviate cognitive impairment in the APP/PS1 mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wu Shan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wu Shan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Chunli Qi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wu Shan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Beijing Scitop Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Beijing Scitop Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wu Shan Road, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
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19
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Granot‐Hershkovitz E, Tarraf W, Kurniansyah N, Daviglus M, Isasi CR, Kaplan R, Lamar M, Perreira KM, Wassertheil‐Smoller S, Stickel A, Thyagarajan B, Zeng D, Fornage M, DeCarli CS, González HM, Sofer T. APOE alleles' association with cognitive function differs across Hispanic/Latino groups and genetic ancestry in the study of Latinos-investigation of neurocognitive aging (HCHS/SOL). Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:466-474. [PMID: 33155766 PMCID: PMC8016734 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles are associated with cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease in Whites, but have weaker and inconsistent effects reported in Latinos. We hypothesized that this heterogeneity is due to ancestry-specific genetic effects. METHODS We investigated the associations of the APOE alleles with significant cognitive decline and MCI in 4183 Latinos, stratified by six Latino backgrounds, and explored whether the proportion of continental genetic ancestry (European, African, and Amerindian) modifies these associations. RESULTS APOE ε4 was associated with an increased risk of significant cognitive decline (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, P-value = 0.03), with the strongest association in Cubans (OR = 1.46, P-value = 0.007). APOE-ε2 was associated with decreased risk of MCI (OR = 0.37, P-value = 0.04) in Puerto Ricans. Amerindian genetic ancestry was found to protect from the risk conferred by APOE ε4 on significant cognitive decline. DISCUSSION Results suggest that APOE alleles' effects on cognitive outcomes differ across six Latino backgrounds and are modified by continental genetic ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Granot‐Hershkovitz
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of GerontologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Nuzulul Kurniansyah
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Minority Health ResearchUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population HealthDepartment of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population HealthDepartment of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Division of Public Health SciencesFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Minority Health ResearchUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social MedicineUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil‐Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology & Population HealthDepartment of PediatricsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Ariana Stickel
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley‐Marcos Alzheimer's Disease CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular MedicineThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Charles S. DeCarli
- Department of NeurologyCenter for NeuroscienceUniversity of California at DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hector M. González
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley‐Marcos Alzheimer's Disease CenterUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian DisordersDepartment of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
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20
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Sabbagh MN, Pope E, Cordes L, Shi J, DeCourt B. Therapeutic considerations for APOE and TOMM40 in Alzheimers disease: A tribute to Allen Roses MD. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:39-44. [PMID: 33455481 PMCID: PMC9262379 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1849138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Four years ago this Autumn, pioneering neurologist Prof. Allen. D. Roses passed away. Hence, we have taken time to reflect on his work and legacy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Prof. Roses rejected the widely accepted amyloid hypothesis, which identifies amyloid beta (Aβ) protein accumulation within the brain as the cause of AD. Instead, he proposed that the epsilon type 4 allele of apolipoprotein (APOE- Ɛ4) and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (TOMM40) were preeminent factors in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, particularly in late-onset AD (LOAD). This rejection of the amyloid hypothesis has generated new investigations into APOE and TOMM40 as risk factors for AD. Areas covered: We discuss the contributions of Prof. Roses to AD research, describe how APOE-Ɛ4 and TOMM40 have been posited to trigger neuropathological changes leading to AD, and explore paths to future clinical applications built on the foundations of his research. Expert opinion: The unconventional methodology of targeting APOE and TOMM40 offers great potential for the development of effective preventive and disease-modifying AD interventions. Future preclinical and clinical investigations will greatly benefit from the groundbreaking scientific discoveries of Prof. Roses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evans Pope
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health , Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Laura Cordes
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health , Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jiong Shi
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health , Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Boris DeCourt
- Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health , Las Vegas, NV, USA
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21
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Franzmeier N, Suárez-Calvet M, Frontzkowski L, Moore A, Hohman TJ, Morenas-Rodriguez E, Nuscher B, Shaw L, Trojanowski JQ, Dichgans M, Kleinberger G, Haass C, Ewers M. Higher CSF sTREM2 attenuates ApoE4-related risk for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:57. [PMID: 33032659 PMCID: PMC7545547 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (i.e. ApoE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TREM2 (i.e. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is a microglial transmembrane protein brain that plays a central role in microglia activation in response to AD brain pathologies. Whether higher TREM2-related microglia activity modulates the risk to develop clinical AD is an open question. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess whether higher sTREM2 attenuates the effects of ApoE4-effects on future cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Methods We included 708 subjects ranging from cognitively normal (CN, n = 221) to mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 414) and AD dementia (n = 73) from the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We used linear regression to test the interaction between ApoE4-carriage by CSF-assessed sTREM2 levels as a predictor of longitudinally assessed cognitive decline and MRI-assessed changes in hippocampal volume changes (mean follow-up of 4 years, range of 1.7-7 years). Results Across the entire sample, we found that higher CSF sTREM2 at baseline was associated with attenuated effects of ApoE4-carriage (i.e. sTREM2 x ApoE4 interaction) on longitudinal global cognitive (p = 0.001, Cohen’s f2 = 0.137) and memory decline (p = 0.006, Cohen’s f2 = 0.104) as well as longitudinally assessed hippocampal atrophy (p = 0.046, Cohen’s f2 = 0.089), independent of CSF markers of primary AD pathology (i.e. Aβ1–42, p-tau181). While overall effects of sTREM2 were small, exploratory subanalyses stratified by diagnostic groups showed that beneficial effects of sTREM2 were pronounced in the MCI group. Conclusion Our results suggest that a higher CSF sTREM2 levels are associated with attenuated ApoE4-related risk for future cognitive decline and AD-typical neurodegeneration. These findings provide further evidence that TREM2 may be protective against the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - M Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas Frontzkowski
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Annah Moore
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte Nuscher
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Leslie Shaw
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christian Haass
- Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
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22
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Raghavachari N. The Impact of Apolipoprotein E Genetic Variability in Health and Life Span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:1855-1857. [PMID: 32789475 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Raghavachari
- Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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23
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Tozzo P, Zullo S, Caenazzo L. Science Runs and the Debate Brakes: Somatic Gene-Editing as a New Tool for Gender-Specific Medicine in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070421. [PMID: 32630809 PMCID: PMC7408320 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender-specific medicine is a discipline that studies the influence of sex and gender on physiology, pathophysiology, and diseases. One example in light of how a genetic-based disease among other diseases, that impact on sex, can be represented by the risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease. The question that comes into focus is whether gene-editing can represent a new line of investigation to be explored in the development of personalized, gender-specific medicine that guarantees gender equity in health policies. This article aims to discuss the relevance of adopting a gender-specific focus on gene-editing research, considered as a way of contributing to the advance of medicine's understanding, treatment, and prevention of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. The development or improvement of cures could take advantage of the knowledge of the gender diversity in order to ascertain and develop differential interventions also at the genetic level between women and men, and this deserves special attention and deep ethical reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Tozzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-04-9827-2234
| | - Silvia Zullo
- Department of Legal Studies, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luciana Caenazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, University of Padova, Via Falloppio 50, 35121 Padova, Italy;
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