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Juković M, Ratkaj I, Kalafatovic D, Bradshaw NJ. Amyloids, amorphous aggregates and assemblies of peptides - Assessing aggregation. Biophys Chem 2024; 308:107202. [PMID: 38382283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid and amorphous aggregates represent the two major categories of aggregates associated with diseases, and although exhibiting distinct features, researchers often treat them as equivalent, which demonstrates the need for more thorough characterization. Here, we compare amyloid and amorphous aggregates based on their biochemical properties, kinetics, and morphological features. To further decipher this issue, we propose the use of peptide self-assemblies as minimalistic models for understanding the aggregation process. Peptide building blocks are significantly smaller than proteins that participate in aggregation, however, they make a plausible means to bridge the gap in discerning the aggregation process at the more complex, protein level. Additionally, we explore the potential use of peptide-inspired models to research the liquid-liquid phase separation as a feasible mechanism preceding amyloid formation. Connecting these concepts can help clarify our understanding of aggregation-related disorders and potentially provide novel drug targets to impede and reverse these serious illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Juković
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Ratkaj
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Daniela Kalafatovic
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Nicholas J Bradshaw
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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2
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Zaharija B, Bradshaw NJ. Aggregation of Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 arises from a central region of the protein. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 130:110923. [PMID: 38135095 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
An emerging approach to studying major mental illness is through proteostasis, with the identification of several proteins that form insoluble aggregates in the brains of patients. One of these is Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a neurodevelopmentally-important scaffold protein, and product of a classic schizophrenia risk gene. DISC1 aggregates have been detected in post mortem brain tissue from patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, as well as various model systems, although the mechanism by which it aggregates is still unclear. Aggregation of two other proteins implicated in mental illness, TRIOBP-1 and NPAS3, was shown to be dependent on very specific structural regions of the protein. We therefore looked at the domain structure of DISC1, and investigated which structural elements are key for its aggregation. While none of the known structured DISC1 regions (named D, I, S and C respectively) formed aggregates individually when expressed in neuroblastoma cells, the combination of the D and I regions, plus the linker region between them, formed visible aggregates. Further refinement revealed that a region of approximately 30 amino acids between these two regions is critical for aggregation, and deletion of this region is sufficient to abolish the aggregation propensity of DISC1. This finding from mammalian cell culture contrasts with the recent determination that the C-region of DISC1 can aggregate in vitro, although some variations of the C-terminal of DISC1 could aggregate in our system. It therefore appears likely that DISC1 aggregation, implicated in mental illness, can occur through at least two distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beti Zaharija
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nicholas J Bradshaw
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Drug Development, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
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3
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Samardžija B, Juković M, Zaharija B, Renner É, Palkovits M, Bradshaw NJ. Co-Aggregation and Parallel Aggregation of Specific Proteins in Major Mental Illness. Cells 2023; 12:1848. [PMID: 37508512 PMCID: PMC10378145 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted proteostasis is an emerging area of research into major depressive disorder. Several proteins have been implicated as forming aggregates specifically in the brains of subsets of patients with psychiatric illnesses. These proteins include CRMP1, DISC1, NPAS3 and TRIOBP-1. It is unclear, however, whether these proteins normally aggregate together in the same individuals and, if so, whether each protein aggregates independently of each other ("parallel aggregation") or if the proteins physically interact and aggregate together ("co-aggregation"). MATERIALS AND METHODS Post mortem insular cortex samples from major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease patients, suicide victims and control individuals had their insoluble fractions isolated and tested by Western blotting to determine which of these proteins are insoluble and, therefore, likely to be aggregating. The ability of the proteins to co-aggregate (directly interact and form common aggregate structures) was tested by systematic pairwise expression of the proteins in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which were then examined by immunofluorescent microscopy. RESULTS Many individuals displayed multiple insoluble proteins in the brain, although not enough to imply interaction between the proteins. Cell culture analysis revealed that only a few of the proteins analyzed can consistently co-aggregate with each other: DISC1 with each of CRMP1 and TRIOBP-1. DISC1 was able to induce aggregation of full length TRIOBP-1, but not individual domains of TRIOBP-1 when they were expressed individually. CONCLUSIONS While specific proteins are capable of co-aggregating, and appear to do so in the brains of individuals with mental illness and potentially also with suicidal tendency, it is more common for such proteins to aggregate in a parallel manner, through independent mechanisms. This information aids in understanding the distribution of protein aggregates among mental illness patients and is therefore important for any future diagnostic or therapeutic approaches based on this aspect of mental illness pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobana Samardžija
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Juković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Beti Zaharija
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank & Laboratory, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank & Laboratory, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Elevated Hippocampal CRMP5 Mediates Chronic Stress-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Disrupting Synaptic Plasticity, Hindering AMPAR Trafficking, and Triggering Cytokine Release. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054898. [PMID: 36902337 PMCID: PMC10003309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a critical risk factor for developing depression, which can impair cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric-related disorders. Thus, the study aims to examine whether CRMPs modulate chronic stress-induced cognitive impairment. We used the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm to mimic stressful life situations in C57BL/6 mice. In this study, we found that CUS-treated mice exhibited cognitive decline and increased hippocampal CRMP2 and CRMP5 expression. In contrast to CRMP2, CRMP5 levels strongly correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment. Decreasing hippocampal CRMP5 levels through shRNA injection rescued CUS-induced cognitive impairment, whereas increasing CRMP5 levels in control mice exacerbated memory decline after subthreshold stress treatment. Mechanistically, hippocampal CRMP5 suppression by regulating glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation alleviates chronic stress-induced synaptic atrophy, disruption of AMPA receptor trafficking, and cytokine storms. Our findings show that hippocampal CRMP5 accumulation through GR activation disrupts synaptic plasticity, impedes AMPAR trafficking, and triggers cytokine release, thus playing a critical role in chronic stress-induced cognitive deficits.
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5
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Desprez F, Ung DC, Vourc’h P, Jeanne M, Laumonnier F. Contribution of the dihydropyrimidinase-like proteins family in synaptic physiology and in neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1154446. [PMID: 37144098 PMCID: PMC10153444 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1154446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dihydropyrimidinase-like (DPYSL) proteins, also designated as the collapsin response mediators (CRMP) proteins, constitute a family of five cytosolic phosphoproteins abundantly expressed in the developing nervous system but down-regulated in the adult mouse brain. The DPYSL proteins were initially identified as effectors of semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) signaling and consequently involved in regulation of growth cone collapse in young developing neurons. To date, it has been established that DPYSL proteins mediate signals for numerous intracellular/extracellular pathways and play major roles in variety of cellular process including cell migration, neurite extension, axonal guidance, dendritic spine development and synaptic plasticity through their phosphorylation status. The roles of DPYSL proteins at early stages of brain development have been described in the past years, particularly for DPYSL2 and DPYSL5 proteins. The recent characterization of pathogenic genetic variants in DPYSL2 and in DPYSL5 human genes associated with intellectual disability and brain malformations, such as agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar dysplasia, highlighted the pivotal role of these actors in the fundamental processes of brain formation and organization. In this review, we sought to establish a detailed update on the knowledge regarding the functions of DPYSL genes and proteins in brain and to highlight their involvement in synaptic processing in later stages of neurodevelopment, as well as their particular contribution in human neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dévina C. Ung
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Vourc’h
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Laumonnier,
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6
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Ravindran E, Arashiki N, Becker LL, Takizawa K, Lévy J, Rambaud T, Makridis KL, Goshima Y, Li N, Vreeburg M, Demeer B, Dickmanns A, Stegmann APA, Hu H, Nakamura F, Kaindl AM. Monoallelic CRMP1 gene variants cause neurodevelopmental disorder. eLife 2022; 11:80793. [PMID: 36511780 PMCID: PMC9803352 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are key for brain development and function. Here, we link CRMP1 to a neurodevelopmental disorder. We report heterozygous de novo variants in the CRMP1 gene in three unrelated individuals with muscular hypotonia, intellectual disability, and/or autism spectrum disorder. Based on in silico analysis these variants are predicted to affect the CRMP1 structure. We further analyzed the effect of the variants on the protein structure/levels and cellular processes. We showed that the human CRMP1 variants impact the oligomerization of CRMP1 proteins. Moreover, overexpression of the CRMP1 variants affect neurite outgrowth of murine cortical neurons. While altered CRMP1 levels have been reported in psychiatric diseases, genetic variants in CRMP1 gene have never been linked to human disease. We report for the first-time variants in the CRMP1 gene and emphasize its key role in brain development and function by linking directly to a human neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethiraj Ravindran
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nobuto Arashiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lena-Luise Becker
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kohtaro Takizawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan Lévy
- Department of Genetics, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites Seqoia, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rambaud
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites Seqoia, Paris, France
| | - Konstantin L Makridis
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maaike Vreeburg
- Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bénédicte Demeer
- Center for Human Genetics, CLAD Nord de France, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France.,CHIMERE EA 7516, University Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Achim Dickmanns
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Hao Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Chronically Sick Children, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Ochneva A, Zorkina Y, Abramova O, Pavlova O, Ushakova V, Morozova A, Zubkov E, Pavlov K, Gurina O, Chekhonin V. Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in the Brain: Common Pathogenetic Pathways in Neurodegenerative and Mental Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214498. [PMID: 36430976 PMCID: PMC9695177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders represent common brain diseases characterized by substantial impairments of social and cognitive functions. The neurobiological causes and mechanisms of psychopathologies still have not been definitively determined. Various forms of brain proteinopathies, which include a disruption of protein conformations and the formation of protein aggregates in brain tissues, may be a possible cause behind the development of psychiatric disorders. Proteinopathies are known to be the main cause of neurodegeneration, but much less attention is given to the role of protein impairments in psychiatric disorders' pathogenesis, such as depression and schizophrenia. For this reason, the aim of this review was to discuss the potential contribution of protein illnesses in the development of psychopathologies. The first part of the review describes the possible mechanisms of disruption to protein folding and aggregation in the cell: endoplasmic reticulum stress, dysfunction of chaperone proteins, altered mitochondrial function, and impaired autophagy processes. The second part of the review addresses the known proteins whose aggregation in brain tissue has been observed in psychiatric disorders (amyloid, tau protein, α-synuclein, DISC-1, disbindin-1, CRMP1, SNAP25, TRIOBP, NPAS3, GluA1, FABP, and ankyrin-G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ochneva
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-915-670-39-35
| | - Yana Zorkina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Pavlova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya Ushakova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Zubkov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Pavlov
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Healthcare Department, Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alexeev of Moscow, 117152 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Gurina
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chekhonin
- Department Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, Leninskiy Avenue 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Kawamoto Y, Tada M, Asano T, Nakamura H, Jitsuki-Takahashi A, Makihara H, Kubota S, Hashiguchi S, Kunii M, Ohshima T, Goshima Y, Takeuchi H, Doi H, Nakamura F, Tanaka F. Phosphorylated CRMP1, axon guidance protein, is a component of spheroids and is involved in axonal pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:994676. [PMID: 36237616 PMCID: PMC9552802 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.994676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), neurodegeneration is characterized by distal axonopathy that begins at the distal axons, including the neuromuscular junctions, and progresses proximally in a “dying back” manner prior to the degeneration of cell bodies. However, the molecular mechanism for distal axonopathy in ALS has not been fully addressed. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a repulsive axon guidance molecule that phosphorylates collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs), is known to be highly expressed in Schwann cells near distal axons in a mouse model of ALS. To clarify the involvement of Sema3A–CRMP signaling in the axonal pathogenesis of ALS, we investigated the expression of phosphorylated CRMP1 (pCRMP1) in the spinal cords of 35 patients with sporadic ALS and seven disease controls. In ALS patients, we found that pCRMP1 accumulated in the proximal axons and co-localized with phosphorylated neurofilaments (pNFs), which are a major protein constituent of spheroids. Interestingly, the pCRMP1:pNF ratio of the fluorescence signal in spheroid immunostaining was inversely correlated with disease duration in 18 evaluable ALS patients, indicating that the accumulation of pCRMP1 may precede that of pNFs in spheroids or promote ALS progression. In addition, overexpression of a phospho-mimicking CRMP1 mutant inhibited axonal outgrowth in Neuro2A cells. Taken together, these results indicate that pCRMP1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of axonopathy in ALS, leading to spheroid formation through the proximal progression of axonopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawamoto
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tada
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Asano
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aoi Jitsuki-Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Makihara
- Department of Nursing Course Biological Science and Nursing, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shun Kubota
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunta Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Misako Kunii
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumiaki Tanaka
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9
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Zaharija B, Odorčić M, Hart A, Samardžija B, Marreiros R, Prikulis I, Juković M, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Korth C, Bradshaw NJ. TRIOBP-1 Protein Aggregation Exists in Both Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia, and Can Occur through Two Distinct Regions of the Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911048. [PMID: 36232351 PMCID: PMC9569677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of proteinopathy, the accumulation of specific proteins as aggregates in neurons, is an emerging aspect of the pathology of schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses. Among the initial proteins implicated in forming such aggregates in these conditions is Trio and F-actin Binding Protein isoform 1 (TRIOBP-1), a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton. Here we investigate the insolubility of TRIOBP-1, as an indicator of aggregation, in brain samples from 25 schizophrenia patients, 25 major depressive disorder patients and 50 control individuals (anterior cingulate cortex, BA23). Strikingly, insoluble TRIOBP-1 is considerably more prevalent in both of these conditions than in controls, further implicating TRIOBP-1 aggregation in schizophrenia and indicating a role in major depressive disorder. These results were only seen using a high stringency insolubility assay (previously used to study DISC1 and other proteins), but not a lower stringency assay that would be expected to also detect functional, actin-bound TRIOBP-1. Previously, we have also determined that a region of 25 amino acids in the center of this protein is critical for its ability to form aggregates. Here we attempt to refine this further, through the expression of various truncated mutant TRIOBP-1 vectors in neuroblastoma cells and examining their aggregation. In this way, it was possible to narrow down the aggregation-critical region of TRIOBP-1 to just 8 amino acids (333–340 of the 652 amino acid-long TRIOBP-1). Surprisingly our results suggested that a second section of TRIOBP-1 is also capable of independently inducing aggregation: the optionally expressed 59 amino acids at the extreme N-terminus of the protein. As a result, the 597 amino acid long version of TRIOBP-1 (also referred to as “Tara” or “TAP68”) has reduced potential to form aggregates. The presence of insoluble TRIOBP-1 in brain samples from patients, combined with insight into the mechanism of aggregation of TRIOBP-1 and generation of an aggregation-resistant mutant TRIOBP-1 that lacks both these regions, will be of significant use in further investigating the mechanism and consequences of TRIOBP-1 aggregation in major mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beti Zaharija
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Odorčić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Anja Hart
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bobana Samardžija
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rita Marreiros
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingrid Prikulis
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maja Juković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Thomas M. Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21295, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21295, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (N.J.B.)
| | - Nicholas J. Bradshaw
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (N.J.B.)
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10
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Hui KK, Endo R, Sawa A, Tanaka M. A Perspective on the Potential Involvement of Impaired Proteostasis in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:335-345. [PMID: 34836635 PMCID: PMC8792182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic approaches have demonstrated that genetic factors contribute to the pathologic origins of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, the exact pathophysiological mechanism for most cases remains unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated alterations in pathways of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and identified several proteins that are misfolded and/or aggregated in the brains of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, thus providing early evidence that disrupted proteostasis may be a contributing factor to their pathophysiology. Unlike neurodegenerative disorders in which massive neuronal and synaptic losses are observed, proteostasis impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders do not lead to robust neuronal death, but rather likely act via loss- and gain-of-function effects to disrupt neuronal and synaptic functions. Furthermore, abnormal activation of or overwhelmed endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial quality control pathways may exacerbate the pathophysiological changes initiated by impaired proteostasis, as these organelles are critical for proper neuronal functions and involved in the maintenance of proteostasis. This perspective article reviews recent findings implicating proteostasis impairments in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and explores how neuronal and synaptic functions may be impacted by disruptions in protein homeostasis. A greater understanding of the contributions by proteostasis impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders will help guide future studies to identify additional candidate proteins and new targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K Hui
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryo Endo
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neuroscience, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Genetic Medicine, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Motomasa Tanaka
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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11
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Protein Aggregation of NPAS3, Implicated in Mental Illness, Is Not Limited to the V304I Mutation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111070. [PMID: 34834422 PMCID: PMC8623263 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging phenomenon in our understanding of the pathophysiology of mental illness is the idea that specific proteins may form insoluble aggregates in the brains of patients, in partial analogy to similar proteinopathies in neurodegenerative diseases. Several proteins have now been detected as forming such aggregates in the brains of patients, including DISC1, dysbindin-1 and TRIOBP-1. Recently, neuronal PAS domain protein 3 (NPAS3), a known genetic risk factor for schizophrenia, was implicated through a V304I point mutation in a family with major mental illness. Investigation of the mutation revealed that it may lead to aggregation of NPAS3. Here we investigated NPAS3 aggregation in insular cortex samples from 40 individuals, by purifying the insoluble fraction of these samples and testing them by Western blotting. Strikingly, full-length NPAS3 was found in the insoluble fraction of 70% of these samples, implying that aggregation is far more widely spread than can be accounted for by this rare mutation. We investigated the possible mechanism of aggregation further in neuroblastoma cells, finding that oxidative stress plays a larger role than the V304I mutation. Finally, we tested to see if NPAS3 aggregation could also be seen in blood serum, as a more accessible tissue than the human brain for future diagnosis. While no indication of NPAS3 aggregation was seen in the serum, soluble NPAS3 was detected, and was more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia than in those with major depressive disorder or controls. Aggregation of NPAS3 therefore appears to be a widespread and multifactorial phenomenon. Further research is now needed to determine whether it is specifically enhanced in schizophrenia or other mental illnesses.
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12
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Clinical evidence that a dysregulated master neural network modulator may aid in diagnosing schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100032118. [PMID: 34330827 PMCID: PMC8346854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100032118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no biomarkers for schizophrenia (SCZ), a disorder of dysfunctional neural networks. We demonstrate that a master regulator of cytoskeleton (“CRMP2”) and, hence, neural circuitry, may form the basis for such a biomarker because its activity is uniquely imbalanced in SCZ patients. We show that SCZ patients are characterized by an excess of active CRMP2 not only in their brains (where it is correlated with dendritic abnormalities) but also in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. The abundance of active CRMP2 and insufficiency of opposing inactive p-CRMP2 likely disrupts neuronal function. Because peripheral blood CRMP2 appears to reflect intracerebral processes, it could form the basis of a rapid, minimally invasive, sensitive, and specific clinical diagnostic aid for SCZ in young patients. There are no validated biomarkers for schizophrenia (SCZ), a disorder linked to neural network dysfunction. We demonstrate that collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2), a master regulator of cytoskeleton and, hence, neural circuitry, may form the basis for a biomarker because its activity is uniquely imbalanced in SCZ patients. CRMP2’s activity depends upon its phosphorylation state. While an equilibrium between inactive (phosphorylated) and active (nonphosphorylated) CRMP2 is present in unaffected individuals, we show that SCZ patients are characterized by excess active CRMP2. We examined CRMP2 levels first in postmortem brains (correlated with neuronal morphometrics) and then, because CRMP2 is expressed in lymphocytes as well, in the peripheral blood of SCZ patients versus age-matched unaffected controls. In the brains and, more starkly, in the lymphocytes of SCZ patients <40 y old, we observed that nonphosphorylated CRMP2 was higher than in controls, while phosphorylated CRMP2 remained unchanged from control. In the brain, these changes were associated with dendritic structural abnormalities. The abundance of active CRMP2 with insufficient opposing inactive p-CRMP2 yielded a unique lowering of the p-CRMP2:CRMP2 ratio in SCZ patients, implying a disruption in the normal equilibrium between active and inactive CRMP2. These clinical data suggest that measuring CRMP2 and p-CRMP2 in peripheral blood might reflect intracerebral processes and suggest a rapid, minimally invasive, sensitive, and specific adjunctive diagnostic aid for early SCZ: increased CRMP2 or a decreased p-CRMP2:CRMP2 ratio may help cinch the diagnosis in a newly presenting young patient suspected of SCZ (versus such mimics as mania in bipolar disorder, where the ratio is high).
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13
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Cuveillier C, Boulan B, Ravanello C, Denarier E, Deloulme JC, Gory-Fauré S, Delphin C, Bosc C, Arnal I, Andrieux A. Beyond Neuronal Microtubule Stabilization: MAP6 and CRMPS, Two Converging Stories. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665693. [PMID: 34025352 PMCID: PMC8131560 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and function of the central nervous system rely on the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons and their respective effectors. Although the structural role of the cytoskeleton has long been acknowledged in neuronal morphology and activity, it was recently recognized to play the role of a signaling platform. Following this recognition, research into Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs) diversified. Indeed, historically, structural MAPs—including MAP1B, MAP2, Tau, and MAP6 (also known as STOP);—were identified and described as MT-binding and -stabilizing proteins. Extensive data obtained over the last 20 years indicated that these structural MAPs could also contribute to a variety of other molecular roles. Among multi-role MAPs, MAP6 provides a striking example illustrating the diverse molecular and cellular properties of MAPs and showing how their functional versatility contributes to the central nervous system. In this review, in addition to MAP6’s effect on microtubules, we describe its impact on the actin cytoskeleton, on neuroreceptor homeostasis, and its involvement in signaling pathways governing neuron development and maturation. We also discuss its roles in synaptic plasticity, brain connectivity, and cognitive abilities, as well as the potential relationships between the integrated brain functions of MAP6 and its molecular activities. In parallel, the Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) are presented as examples of how other proteins, not initially identified as MAPs, fall into the broader MAP family. These proteins bind MTs as well as exhibiting molecular and cellular properties very similar to MAP6. Finally, we briefly summarize the multiple similarities between other classical structural MAPs and MAP6 or CRMPs.In summary, this review revisits the molecular properties and the cellular and neuronal roles of the classical MAPs, broadening our definition of what constitutes a MAP.
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14
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Gory-Fauré S, Powell R, Jonckheere J, Lanté F, Denarier E, Peris L, Nguyen CH, Buisson A, Lafanechère L, Andrieux A. Pyr1-Mediated Pharmacological Inhibition of LIM Kinase Restores Synaptic Plasticity and Normal Behavior in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627995. [PMID: 33790791 PMCID: PMC8006432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders is ongoing, with progress being made as brain structure and neuronal function become clearer. The central roles played by microtubules (MT) and actin in synaptic transmission and plasticity suggest that the cytoskeleton and its modulators could be relevant targets for the development of new molecules to treat psychiatric diseases. In this context, LIM Kinase - which regulates both the actin and MT cytoskeleton especially in dendritic spines, the post-synaptic compartment of the synapse - might be a good target. In this study, we analyzed the consequences of blocking LIMK1 pharmacologically using Pyr1. We investigated synaptic plasticity defects and behavioral disorders in MAP6 KO mice, an animal model useful for the study of psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Our results show that Pyr1 can modulate MT dynamics in neurons. In MAP6 KO mice, chronic LIMK inhibition by long-term treatment with Pyr1 can restore normal dendritic spine density and also improves long-term potentiation, both of which are altered in these mice. Pyr1 treatment improved synaptic plasticity, and also reduced social withdrawal and depressive/anxiety-like behavior in MAP6 KO mice. Overall, the results of this study validate the hypothesis that modulation of LIMK activity could represent a new therapeutic strategy for neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rebecca Powell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Jonckheere
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Lanté
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Health Department, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Chi Hung Nguyen
- Chimie et Modélisation pour la Biologie du Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U1196, Orsay, France
| | - Alain Buisson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Lafanechère
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Microenvironment, Cell Plasticity and Signaling Department, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, Inserm U1209, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, Grenoble Institute Neuroscience, Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Health Department, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, CEA, Grenoble, France
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15
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Lin YF, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hsiao YH. Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) modulates susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress in mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3175-3186. [PMID: 33638112 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5), a member of the CRMP family, is expressed in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, an area of the brain that can modulate stress responses. Social stress has a well-known detrimental effect on health and can lead to depression, but not all individuals are equally sensitive to stress. To date, researchers have not conclusively determined how social stress increases the susceptibility of the brain to depression. Here, we used the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model and observed higher hippocampal CRMP5 expression in stress-susceptible (SS) mice than in control and stress-resilient (RES) mice. A negative correlation was observed between the expression levels of CRMP5 and the social interaction (SI) ratio. Reduced hippocampal CRMP5 expression increased the SI ratio in SS mice, whereas CRMP5 overexpression was sufficient to induce social avoidance behaviors in control mice following exposure to subthreshold social stress induced by lentivirus-based overexpression and inducible tetracycline-on strategies to upregulate CRMP5. Interestingly, increased CRMP5 expression in SS and lenti-CRMP5-treated mice also caused serum corticosterone concentrations to increase. These findings improve our understanding of the potential mechanism by which CRMP5 triggers susceptibility to social stress, and they support the further development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of stress disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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16
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Attili D, Schill DJ, DeLong CJ, Lim KC, Jiang G, Campbell KF, Walker K, Laszczyk A, McInnis MG, O'Shea KS. Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes in an iPSC Model of Bipolar Disorder. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 25:219-235. [PMID: 32578149 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45493-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar I Disorder (BP) is a serious, recurrent mood disorder that is characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression. To begin to identify novel approaches and pathways involved in BP, we have obtained skin samples from BP patients and undiagnosed control (C) individuals, reprogrammed them to form induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and then differentiated the stem cells into astrocytes. RNAs from BP and C astrocytes were extracted and RNAseq analysis carried out. 501 differentially expressed genes were identified, including genes for cytoskeletal elements, extracellular matrix, signaling pathways, neurodegeneration, and notably transcripts that identify exosomes. When we compared highly expressed genes using hierarchial cluster analysis, "Exosome" was the first and most highly significant cluster identified, p < 5 × 10-13, Benjamini correction. Exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that package and remove toxic proteins from cells and also enable cell to cell communication. They carry genetic material, including DNA, mRNA and microRNAs, proteins, and lipids to target cells throughout the body. Exosomes are released by cortical neurons and astrocytes in culture and are present in BP vs C postmortem brain tissue. Little is known about what transcripts and proteins are targeted to neurons, how they regulate biological functions of the acceptor cell, or how that may be altered in mood disorders. Since astrocyte-derived exosomes have been suggested to promote neuronal plasticity, as well as to remove toxic proteins in the brain, alterations in their function or content may be involved in neurodevelopmental, neuropathological, and neuropsychiatric conditions. To examine exosome cargos and interactions with neural precursor cells, astrocytes were differentiated from four bipolar disorder (BP) and four control (C) iPSC lines. Culture supernatants from these astrocytes were collected, and exosomes isolated by ultra-centrifugation. Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of the exosome markers CD9, CD81, and Hsp70. Nanosight technology was used to characterize exosomes from each astrocyte cell line, suggesting that exosomes were slightly more concentrated in culture supernatants derived from BP compared with C astrocytes but there was no difference in the mean sizes of the exosomes. Analysis of their function in neuronal differentiation is being carried out by labeling exosomes derived from bipolar patient and control astrocytes and adding them to control neural progenitor cells. Given the current interest in clearing toxic proteins from brains of patients with neurodegenerative disorders, exosomes may present similar opportunities in BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Attili
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D J Schill
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - C J DeLong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K C Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - G Jiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K F Campbell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Walker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Laszczyk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K S O'Shea
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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17
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Zaharija B, Samardžija B, Bradshaw NJ. The TRIOBP Isoforms and Their Distinct Roles in Actin Stabilization, Deafness, Mental Illness, and Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214967. [PMID: 33121024 PMCID: PMC7663296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRIOBP (TRIO and F-actin Binding Protein) gene encodes multiple proteins, which together play crucial roles in modulating the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Splicing of the TRIOBP gene is complex, with the two most studied TRIOBP protein isoforms sharing no overlapping amino acid sequence with each other. TRIOBP-1 (also known as TARA or TAP68) is a mainly structured protein that is ubiquitously expressed and binds to F-actin, preventing its depolymerization. It has been shown to be important for many processes including in the cell cycle, adhesion junctions, and neuronal differentiation. TRIOBP-1 has been implicated in schizophrenia through the formation of protein aggregates in the brain. In contrast, TRIOBP-4 is an entirely disordered protein with a highly specialized expression pattern. It is known to be crucial for the bundling of actin in the stereocilia of the inner ear, with mutations in it causing severe or profound hearing loss. Both of these isoforms are implicated in cancer. Additional longer isoforms of TRIOBP exist, which overlap with both TRIOBP-1 and 4. These appear to participate in the functions of both shorter isoforms, while also possessing unique functions in the inner ear. In this review, the structures and functions of all of these isoforms are discussed, with a view to understanding how they operate, both alone and in combination, to modulate actin and their consequences for human illness.
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18
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Synaptic Kalirin-7 and Trio Interactomes Reveal a GEF Protein-Dependent Neuroligin-1 Mechanism of Action. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2944-2952.e5. [PMID: 31801062 PMCID: PMC9012321 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RhoGEFs Kalirin-7 and Trio are regulators of synaptic plasticity, and their dysregulation is associated with a range of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Although studies have implicated both Kalirin and Trio in certain diseases, such as tauopathies, they remarkably differ in their association with other disorders. Using unbiased proteomics, we identified interactomes of Kalirin-7 and Trio to ascertain distinct protein association networks associated with their respective function and revealed groups of proteins that preferentially interact with a particular RhoGEF. In comparison, we find Trio interacts with a range of axon guidance and presynaptic complexes, whereas Kalirin-7 associates with several synaptic adhesion molecules. Specifically, we show Kalirin-7 is an interactor of the cell adhesion molecule neuroligin-1 (NLGN1), and NLGN1-dependent synaptic function is mediated through Kalirin-7 in an interaction-dependent manner. Our data reveal not only the interactomes of two important disease-related proteins, but also provide an intracellular effector of NLGN1 function. Paskus et al. use quantitative proteomics to determine the synaptic interactomes of the disease-associated proteins Kalirin-7 and Trio, identifying Kalirin-7 as an interactor of NLGN1. Investigation of this interaction unveils Kalirin-7 as a primary intracellular effector of NLGN1 gain of function.
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19
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Hou ST. The regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs in neuritogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and gene transcription. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104795. [PMID: 32652266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are ubiquitously expressed in neurons from worms to humans. A cardinal feature of CRMPs is to mediate growth cone collapse in response to Semaphorin-3A signaling through interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. These are critical regulatory roles that CRMPs play during neuritogenesis and neural network formation. Through post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, SUMOylation, and proteolytic cleavage, CRMPs participate in synaptic plasticity by modulating NMDA receptors, L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), thus affecting neurotransmitter release. CRMPs also possess histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone H4 during neuronal death. Calcium-dependent proteolytic cleavage of CRMPs results in the truncation of CRMPs, producing a large 54 kD fragment (p54). Translocation of the p54 fragment into the nucleus leads to deacetylation of nuclear histone H4 and de-repression of transcription factor E2F1 expression. Increased expression of E2F1 elevates the expression of genes in cell cycle and death. These new and exciting studies lead to the realization that CRMPs are multifunctional proteins with both regulatory and enzymatic functions. Increasing numbers of studies associate these functions of CRMPs with the development of mental and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's diseases, brain trauma, and stroke. This review focuses on new evidence showing the regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs and highlights recent understandings of CRMPs' roles in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Baccarin M, Picinelli C, Tomaiuolo P, Castronovo P, Costa A, Verdecchia M, Cannizzaro C, Barbieri G, Sacco R, Persico AM, Lintas C. Appropriateness of array-CGH in the ADHD clinics: A comparative study. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 19:e12651. [PMID: 32141190 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorder with a worldwide prevalence of about 5%. The disorder is characterized by inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive behavior and is often comorbid with other neuropsychiatric conditions. Array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) testing has been proved to be useful to detect chromosomal aberrations in several neuropsychiatric conditions including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID). The usefulness of array-CGH in the ADHD clinics is still debated and no conclusive evidence has been reached to date. We performed array-CGH in 98 children and adolescents divided in two similarly sized groups according to the clinical diagnosis: (a) one group diagnosed with ADHD as primary diagnosis; (b) the other group in which ADHD was co-morbid with ASD and/or ID. We detected pathogenetic and likely pathogenetic copy number variants (CNVs) in 12% subjects in which ADHD was co-morbid with autism and/or intellectual disability and in 8.5% subjects diagnosed with ADHD as primary diagnosis. Detection of CNVs of unknown clinical significance was similar in the two groups being 27% and 32%, respectively. Benign and likely benign CNVs accounted for 61% and 59.5% in the first and second group, respectively. Differences in the diagnostic yield were not statistically significant between the two groups (P > .05). Our data strongly suggest that array-CGH (a) is a valuable diagnostic tool to detect clinically significant CNVs in individuals with ADHD even in the absence of comorbidity with ASD and/or ID and (b) should be implemented routinely in the ADHD clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baccarin
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Castronovo
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Costa
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Magda Verdecchia
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cannizzaro
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusi Barbieri
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio M Persico
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "Gaetano Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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21
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Bradshaw NJ, Trossbach SV, Köber S, Walter S, Prikulis I, Weggen S, Korth C. Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 regulates the processing of reelin in the perinatal cortex. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:506-513. [PMID: 28433501 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a prominent gene in mental illness research, encoding a scaffold protein known to be of importance in the developing cerebral cortex. Reelin is a critical extracellular protein for development and lamination of the prenatal cortex and which has also been independently implicated in mental illness. Regulation of reelin activity occurs through processing by the metalloproteinases ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5. Through cross-breeding of heterozygous transgenic DISC1 mice with heterozygous reeler mice, which have reduced reelin, pups heterozygous for both phenotypes were generated. From these, we determine that transgenic DISC1 leads to a reduction in the processing of reelin, with implications for its downstream signalling element Dab1. An effect of DISC1 on reelin processing was confirmed in vitro, and revealed that intracellular DISC1 affects ADAMTS-4 protein, which in turn is exported and affects processing of extracellular reelin. In transgenic rat cortical cultures, an effect of DISC1 on reelin processing could also be seen specifically in early, immature neurons, but was lost in calretinin and reelin-positive mature neurons, suggesting cell-type specificity. DISC1 therefore acts upstream of reelin in the perinatal cerebral cortex in a cell type/time specific manner, leading to regulation of its activity through altered proteolytic cleavage. Thus a functional link is demonstrated between two proteins, each of independent importance for both cortical development and associated cognitive functions leading to behavioural maladaptation and mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Bradshaw
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Svenja V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Köber
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Walter
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingrid Prikulis
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Weggen
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Woo Y, Kim SJ, Suh BK, Kwak Y, Jung HJ, Nhung TTM, Mun DJ, Hong JH, Noh SJ, Kim S, Lee A, Baek ST, Nguyen MD, Choe Y, Park SK. Sequential phosphorylation of NDEL1 by the DYRK2-GSK3β complex is critical for neuronal morphogenesis. eLife 2019; 8:e50850. [PMID: 31815665 PMCID: PMC6927744 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal morphogenesis requires multiple regulatory pathways to appropriately determine axonal and dendritic structures, thereby to enable the functional neural connectivity. Yet, however, the precise mechanisms and components that regulate neuronal morphogenesis are still largely unknown. Here, we newly identified the sequential phosphorylation of NDEL1 critical for neuronal morphogenesis through the human kinome screening and phospho-proteomics analysis of NDEL1 from mouse brain lysate. DYRK2 phosphorylates NDEL1 S336 to prime the phosphorylation of NDEL1 S332 by GSK3β. TARA, an interaction partner of NDEL1, scaffolds DYRK2 and GSK3β to form a tripartite complex and enhances NDEL1 S336/S332 phosphorylation. This dual phosphorylation increases the filamentous actin dynamics. Ultimately, the phosphorylation enhances both axonal and dendritic outgrowth and promotes their arborization. Together, our findings suggest the NDEL1 phosphorylation at S336/S332 by the TARA-DYRK2-GSK3β complex as a novel regulatory mechanism underlying neuronal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsik Woo
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Yongdo Kwak
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jung
- Korea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Hong
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Noh
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Ahryoung Lee
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | | | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
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Toyoshima M, Jiang X, Ogawa T, Ohnishi T, Yoshihara S, Balan S, Yoshikawa T, Hirokawa N. Enhanced carbonyl stress induces irreversible multimerization of CRMP2 in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/5/e201900478. [PMID: 31591136 PMCID: PMC6781483 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced carbonyl stress results in neurodevelopmental deficits by affecting microtubule function through the formation of irreversible dysfunctional multimer of carbonylated CRMP2. Enhanced carbonyl stress underlies a subset of schizophrenia, but its causal effects remain elusive. Here, we elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of carbonyl stress in iPS cells in which the gene encoding zinc metalloenzyme glyoxalase I (GLO1), a crucial enzyme for the clearance of carbonyl stress, was disrupted. The iPS cells exhibited significant cellular and developmental deficits, and hyper-carbonylation of collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Structural and biochemical analyses revealed an array of multiple carbonylation sites in the functional motifs of CRMP2, particularly D-hook (for dimerization) and T-site (for tetramerization), which are critical for the activity of the CRMP2 tetramer. Interestingly, carbonylated CRMP2 was stacked in the multimer conformation by irreversible cross-linking, resulting in loss of its unique function to bundle microtubules. Thus, the present study revealed that the enhanced carbonyl stress stemmed from the genetic aberrations results in neurodevelopmental deficits through the formation of irreversible dysfunctional multimer of carbonylated CRMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ogawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Shogo Yoshihara
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirokawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan .,Center of Excellence in Genome Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Nucifora LG, MacDonald ML, Lee BJ, Peters ME, Norris AL, Orsburn BC, Yang K, Gleason K, Margolis RL, Pevsner J, Tamminga CA, Sweet RA, Ross CA, Sawa A, Nucifora FC. Increased Protein Insolubility in Brains From a Subset of Patients With Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:730-743. [PMID: 31055969 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18070864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanisms leading to schizophrenia are likely to be diverse. However, there may be common pathophysiological pathways for subtypes of the disease. The authors tested the hypothesis that increased protein insolubility and ubiquitination underlie the pathophysiology for a subtype of schizophrenia. METHODS Prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus from postmortem brains of individuals with and without schizophrenia were subjected to cold sarkosyl fractionation, separating proteins into soluble and insoluble fractions. Protein insolubility and ubiquitin levels were quantified for each insoluble fraction, with normalization to total homogenate protein. Mass spectrometry analysis was then performed to identify the protein contents of the insoluble fractions. The potential biological relevance of the detected proteins was assessed using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS A subset of the schizophrenia brains showed an increase in protein insolubility and ubiquitination in the insoluble fraction. Mass spectrometry of the insoluble fraction revealed that brains with increased insolubility and ubiquitination exhibited a similar peptide expression by principal component analysis. The proteins that were significantly altered in the insoluble fraction were enriched for pathways relating to axon target recognition as well as nervous system development and function. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a pathological process related to protein insolubility for a subset of patients with schizophrenia. Determining the molecular mechanism of this subtype of schizophrenia could lead to a better understanding of the pathways underlying the clinical phenotype in some patients with major mental illness as well as to improved nosology and identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie G Nucifora
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Matthew L MacDonald
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Brian J Lee
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Matthew E Peters
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Alexis L Norris
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Benjamin C Orsburn
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Kun Yang
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Kelly Gleason
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Russell L Margolis
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Jonathan Pevsner
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Robert A Sweet
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Christopher A Ross
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Akira Sawa
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
| | - Frederick C Nucifora
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (L.G. Nucifora, Lee, Peters, Yang, Margolis, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); the Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh (MacDonald, Sweet); the Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner); the Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Norris, Pevsner, Ross, Sawa); Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Md. (Orsburn); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (Gleason, Tamminga); the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Margolis, Ross, Sawa, F.C. Nucifora); Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Lee, Sawa); the Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore (Ross)
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Protein misassembly and aggregation as potential convergence points for non-genetic causes of chronic mental illness. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:936-951. [PMID: 30089789 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic mental illnesses (CMI), such as schizophrenia or recurrent affective disorders, are complex conditions with both genetic and non-genetic elements. In many other chronic brain conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, sporadic instances of the disease are more common than gene-driven familial cases. Yet, the pathology of these conditions can be characterized by the presence of aberrant protein homeostasis, proteostasis, resulting in misfolded or aggregated proteins in the brains of patients that predominantly do not derive from genetic mutations. While visible deposits of aggregated protein have not yet been detected in CMI patients, we propose the existence of more subtle protein misassembly in these conditions, which form a continuum with the psychiatric phenotypes found in the early stages of many neurodegenerative conditions. Such proteinopathies need not rely on genetic variation. In a similar manner to the established aberrant neurotransmitter homeostasis in CMI, aberrant homeostasis of proteins is a functional statement that can only partially be explained by, but is certainly complementary to, genetic approaches. Here, we review evidence for aberrant proteostasis signatures from post mortem human cases, in vivo animal work, and in vitro analysis of candidate proteins misassembled in CMI. The five best-characterized proteins in this respect are currently DISC1, dysbindin-1, CRMP1, TRIOBP-1, and NPAS3. Misassembly of these proteins with inherently unstructured domains is triggered by extracellular stressors and thus provides a converging point for non-genetic causes of CMI.
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Ohtani-Kaneko R. Crmp4-KO Mice as an Animal Model for Investigating Certain Phenotypes of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2485. [PMID: 31137494 PMCID: PMC6566569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family is involved in the formation of neural networks. A recent whole-exome sequencing study identified a de novo variant (S541Y) of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) in a male patient with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, Crmp4-knockout (KO) mice show some phenotypes similar to those observed in human patients with ASD. For example, compared with wild-type mice, Crmp4-KO mice exhibit impaired social interaction, abnormal sensory sensitivities, broader distribution of activated (c-Fos expressing) neurons, altered dendritic formation, and aberrant patterns of neural gene expressions, most of which have sex differences. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of CRMP4 during brain development and discusses the possible contribution of CRMP4 deficiencies or abnormalities to the pathogenesis of ASD. Crmp4-KO mice represent an appropriate animal model for investigating the mechanisms underlying some ASD phenotypes, such as impaired social behavior, abnormal sensory sensitivities, and sex-based differences, and other neurodevelopmental disorders associated with sensory processing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Ohtani-Kaneko
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Itakura, Oura 374-0193, Japan.
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Barkus E, Badcock JC. A Transdiagnostic Perspective on Social Anhedonia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:216. [PMID: 31105596 PMCID: PMC6491888 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are highly social beings, yet people with social anhedonia experience reduced interest in or reward from social situations. Social anhedonia is a key facet of schizotypal personality, an important symptom of schizophrenia, and increasingly recognized as an important feature in a range of other psychological disorders. However, to date, there has been little examination of the similarities and differences in social anhedonia across diagnostic borders. Here, our goal was to conduct a selective review of social anhedonia in different psychological and life course contexts, including the psychosis continuum, depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, and autism spectrum disorders, along with developmental and neurobiological factors. Current evidence suggests that the nature and expression of social anhedonia vary across psychological disorders with some groups showing deficient learning about, enjoyment from, and anticipation of the pleasurable aspects of social interactions, while for others, some of these components appear to remain intact. However, study designs and methodologies are diverse, the roles of developmental and neurobiological factors are not routinely considered, and direct comparisons between diagnostic groups are rare-which prevents a more nuanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved. Future studies, parsing the wanting, liking, and learning components of social reward, will help to fill gaps in the current knowledge base. Consistent across disorders is diminished pleasure from social situations, subsequent withdrawal, and poorer social functioning in those who express social anhedonia. Nonetheless, feelings of loneliness often remain, which suggests the need for social connection is not entirely absent. Adolescence is a particularly important period of social and neural development and may provide a valuable window on the developmental origins of social anhedonia. Adaptive social functioning is key to recovery from mental health disorders; therefore, understanding the intricacies of social anhedonia will help to inform treatment and prevention strategies for a range of diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barkus
- Cognitive Basis of Atypical Behaviour Initiative (CBABi), School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Johanna C. Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry (CCRN), Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Proteomic Studies Reveal Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 as a Player in Both Neurodevelopment and Synaptic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010119. [PMID: 30597994 PMCID: PMC6337115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced chromosomal translocation disrupting DISC1 (Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1) gene has been linked to psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Since the discovery of this translocation, many studies have focused on understating the role of the truncated isoform of DISC1, hypothesizing that the gain of function of this protein could be behind the neurobiology of mental conditions, but not so many studies have focused in the mechanisms impaired due to its loss of function. For that reason, we performed an analysis on the cellular proteome of primary neurons in which DISC1 was knocked down with the goal of identifying relevant pathways directly affected by DISC1 loss of function. Using an unbiased proteomic approach, we found that the expression of 31 proteins related to neurodevelopment (e.g., CRMP-2, stathmin) and synaptic function (e.g., MUNC-18, NCS-1) is altered by DISC1 in primary mouse neurons. Hence, this study reinforces the idea that DISC1 is a unifying regulator of both neurodevelopment and synaptic function, thereby providing a link between these two key anatomical and cellular circuitries.
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Nery TGM, Silva EM, Tavares R, Passetti F. The Challenge to Search for New Nervous System Disease Biomarker Candidates: the Opportunity to Use the Proteogenomics Approach. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 67:150-164. [PMID: 30554402 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion diseases, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis are the most common nervous system diseases, affecting millions of people worldwide. The current scientific literature associates these pathological conditions to abnormal expression levels of certain proteins, which in turn improved the knowledge concerning normal and affected brains. However, there is no available cure or preventive therapy for any of these disorders. Proteogenomics is a recent approach defined as the data integration of both nucleotide high-throughput sequencing and protein mass spectrometry technologies. In the last years, proteogenomics studies in distinct diseases have emerged as a strategy for the identification of uncharacterized proteoforms, which are all the different protein forms derived from a single gene. For many of these diseases, at least one protein used as biomarker presents more than one proteoform, which fosters the analysis of publicly available data focusing proteoforms. Given this context, we describe the most important biomarkers for each neurodegenerative disease and how genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics separately contributed to unveil them. Finally, we present a selection of proteogenomics studies in which the combination of nucleotide and proteome high-throughput data, from cell lines or brain tissue samples, is used to uncover proteoforms not previously described. We believe that this new approach may improve our knowledge about nervous system diseases and brain function and an opportunity to identify new biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Guimarães Martins Nery
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Esdras Matheus Silva
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Raphael Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabio Passetti
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Carlos Chagas Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Brazil.
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Chung CG, Lee H, Lee SB. Mechanisms of protein toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3159-3180. [PMID: 29947927 PMCID: PMC6063327 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein toxicity can be defined as all the pathological changes that ensue from accumulation, mis-localization, and/or multimerization of disease-specific proteins. Most neurodegenerative diseases manifest protein toxicity as one of their key pathogenic mechanisms, the details of which remain unclear. By systematically deconstructing the nature of toxic proteins, we aim to elucidate and illuminate some of the key mechanisms of protein toxicity from which therapeutic insights may be drawn. In this review, we focus specifically on protein toxicity from the point of view of various cellular compartments such as the nucleus and the mitochondria. We also discuss the cell-to-cell propagation of toxic disease proteins that complicates the mechanistic understanding of the disease progression as well as the spatiotemporal point at which to therapeutically intervene. Finally, we discuss selective neuronal vulnerability, which still remains largely enigmatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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McLean CK, Narayan S, Lin SY, Rai N, Chung Y, Hipolito MS, Cascella NG, Nurnberger JI, Ishizuka K, Sawa AS, Nwulia EA. Lithium-associated transcriptional regulation of CRMP1 in patient-derived olfactory neurons and symptom changes in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:81. [PMID: 29666369 PMCID: PMC5904136 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that lithium used in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) affects molecular targets that are involved in neuronal growth, survival, and maturation, but it remains unclear if neuronal alterations in any of these molecules predict specific symptom changes in BD patients undergoing lithium monotherapy. The goals of this study were to (a) determine which molecular changes in the olfactory neurons of symptomatic patients receiving lithium are associated with antimanic or antidepressant response, and (b) uncover novel intraneuronal regulatory mechanisms of lithium therapy. Twenty-two treatment-naïve non-smoking patients, with symptomatic BD underwent nasal biopsies for collection of olfactory tissues, prior to their treatment and following a 6-week course of lithium monotherapy. Sixteen healthy controls were also biopsied. Combining laser capture microdissection with real-time polymerase chain reaction, we investigated baseline and treatment-associated transcriptional changes in candidate molecular targets of lithium action in the olfactory neuroepithelium. Baseline mRNA levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) and collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1) genes were significantly associated with BD status and with severity of mood symptoms. Among BD subjects, treatment-associated downregulation of CRMP1 expression was most predictive of decreases in both manic and depressive symptoms. This study provides a novel insight into the relevance of CRMP1, a key molecule in semaphorin-3A signaling during neurodevelopment, in the molecular mechanism of action of lithium, and in the pathophysiology of BD. It supports the use of human-derived olfactory neuronal tissues in the evaluation of treatment response of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlee K. McLean
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Soumya Narayan
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sandra Y. Lin
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Narayan Rai
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Youjin Chung
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - MariaMananita S. Hipolito
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
| | - Nicola G. Cascella
- grid.415690.fDepartment of Psychiatry, Sheppard Pratt Health Systems, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- 0000 0001 0790 959Xgrid.411377.7Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Akira S. Sawa
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Evaristus A. Nwulia
- 0000 0001 0547 4545grid.257127.4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC USA
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Scifo E, Pabba M, Kapadia F, Ma T, Lewis DA, Tseng GC, Sibille E. Sustained Molecular Pathology Across Episodes and Remission in Major Depressive Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:81-89. [PMID: 28935211 PMCID: PMC5705452 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental illness and a major cause of lost productivity worldwide. MDD patients often suffer from lifelong recurring episodes of increasing severity, reduced therapeutic response, and shorter remission periods, suggesting the presence of a persistent and potentially progressive pathology. METHODS Subgenual anterior cingulate cortex postmortem samples from four MDD cohorts (single episode, n = 20; single episode in remission, n = 15; recurrent episode, n = 20; and recurrent episode in remission, n = 15), and one control cohort (n = 20) were analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics (n = 3630 proteins) combined with statistical analyses. The data was investigated for trait and state progressive neuropathologies in MDD using both unbiased approaches and tests of a priori hypotheses. RESULTS The data provided weak evidence for proteomic differences as a function of state (depressed/remitted) or number of previous episodes. Instead it suggested the presence of persistent MDD effects, regardless of episodes or remitted state, namely on proteomic measures related to presynaptic neurotransmission, synaptic function, cytoskeletal rearrangements, energy metabolism, phospholipid biosynthesis/metabolism, and calcium ion homeostasis. Selected proteins (dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 1, synaptosomal-associated protein 29, glutamate decarboxylase 1, metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, and excitatory amino acid transporter 3) were validated by Western blot analysis. The findings were independent of technical, demographic (sex or age), or other clinical parameters (death by suicide and drug treatment). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results provide evidence for persistent MDD effects across current episodes or remission, in the absence of detectable progressive neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Scifo
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, and of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Mohan Pabba
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, and of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Fenika Kapadia
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, and of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate school of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David A. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O’Hara Street, BST W1643, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate school of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in schizophrenia: The dawn of new therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:589-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bradshaw NJ, Yerabham ASK, Marreiros R, Zhang T, Nagel-Steger L, Korth C. An unpredicted aggregation-critical region of the actin-polymerizing protein TRIOBP-1/Tara, determined by elucidation of its domain structure. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:9583-9598. [PMID: 28438837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.767939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of specific proteins in the brains of patients with chronic mental illness as a result of disruptions in proteostasis is an emerging theme in the study of schizophrenia in particular. Proteins including DISC1 (disrupted in schizophrenia 1) and dysbindin-1B are found in insoluble forms within brain homogenates from such patients. We recently identified TRIOBP-1 (Trio-binding protein 1, also known as Tara) to be another such protein through an epitope discovery and proteomics approach by comparing post-mortem brain material from schizophrenia patients and control individuals. We hypothesized that this was likely to occur as a result of a specific subcellular process and that it, therefore, should be possible to identify a region of the TRIOBP-1 protein that is essential for its aggregation to occur. Here, we probe the domain organization of TRIOBP-1, finding it to possess two distinct coiled-coil domains: the central and C-terminal domains. The central domain inhibits the depolymerization of F-actin and is also responsible for oligomerization of TRIOBP-1. Along with an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, the central domain affects neurite outgrowth. In neuroblastoma cells it was found that the aggregation propensity of TRIOBP-1 arises from its central domain, with a short "linker" region narrowed to within amino acids 324-348, between its first two coiled coils, as essential for the formation of TRIOBP-1 aggregates. TRIOBP-1 aggregation, therefore, appears to occur through one or more specific cellular mechanisms, which therefore have the potential to be of physiological relevance for the biological process underlying the development of chronic mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao Zhang
- the Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and.,the Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Luitgard Nagel-Steger
- the Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and.,the Institute of Complex Systems, Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Takaya R, Nagai J, Piao W, Niisato E, Nakabayashi T, Yamazaki Y, Nakamura F, Yamashita N, Kolattukudy P, Goshima Y, Ohshima T. CRMP1 and CRMP4 are required for proper orientation of dendrites of cerebral pyramidal neurons in the developing mouse brain. Brain Res 2017; 1655:161-167. [PMID: 27836492 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuit formation is a critical process in brain development. Axon guidance molecules, their receptors, and intracellular mediators are important to establish neural circuits. Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are known intercellular mediators of a number of repulsive guidance molecules. Studies of mutant mice suggest roles of CRMPs in dendrite development. However, molecular mechanisms of CRMP-mediated dendritic development remain to elucidate. In this study, we show abnormal orientation of basal dendrites (extension to deeper side) of layer V pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex of CRMP4-/- mice. Moreover, we observed severe abnormality in orientation of the basal dendrites of these neurons in double knockout of CRMP1 and 4, suggesting redundant functions of these two genes. Redundant gene functions were also observed in proximal bifurcation phenotype in apical dendrites of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. These results indicate that CRMP1 and CRMP4 regulate proper orientation of the basal dendrites of layer V neurons in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takaya
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Jun Nagai
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Wenfui Piao
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Emi Niisato
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takeru Nakabayashi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamazaki
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Papachan Kolattukudy
- Biomolecular Science Center, University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Science, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
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Makihara H, Nakai S, Ohkubo W, Yamashita N, Nakamura F, Kiyonari H, Shioi G, Jitsuki-Takahashi A, Nakamura H, Tanaka F, Akase T, Kolattukudy P, Goshima Y. CRMP1 and CRMP2 have synergistic but distinct roles in dendritic development. Genes Cells 2016; 21:994-1005. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Makihara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
- Biological Science and Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Shiori Nakai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Wataru Ohkubo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Naoya Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
- JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad; Chiyoda-ku 102-0083 Japan
- Department of Biology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Fumio Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi Chuou-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
- Genetic Engineering Team; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi Chuou-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Genetic Engineering Team; RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies; 2-2-3 Minatojima Minami-machi Chuou-ku Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Aoi Jitsuki-Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Tomoko Akase
- Biological Science and Nursing; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Pappachan Kolattukudy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences; College of Medicine; University of Central Florida; Orlando FL USA
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology; Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; 3-9 Fuku-ura Kanazawa-ku Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
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Györffy BA, Gulyássy P, Gellén B, Völgyi K, Madarasi D, Kis V, Ozohanics O, Papp I, Kovács P, Lubec G, Dobolyi Á, Kardos J, Drahos L, Juhász G, Kékesi KA. Widespread alterations in the synaptic proteome of the adolescent cerebral cortex following prenatal immune activation in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:289-309. [PMID: 27058163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have revealed associations between pre- and perinatal immune activation and the development of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Accordingly, neuroimmune crosstalk has a considerably large impact on brain development during early ontogenesis. While a plethora of heterogeneous abnormalities have already been described in established maternal immune activation (MIA) rodent and primate animal models, which highly correlate to those found in human diseases, the underlying molecular background remains obscure. In the current study, we describe the long-term effects of MIA on the neocortical pre- and postsynaptic proteome of adolescent rat offspring in detail. Molecular differences were revealed in sub-synaptic fractions, which were first thoroughly characterized using independent methods. The widespread proteomic examination of cortical samples from offspring exposed to maternal lipopolysaccharide administration at embryonic day 13.5 was conducted via combinations of different gel-based proteomic techniques and tandem mass spectrometry. Our experimentally validated proteomic data revealed more pre- than postsynaptic protein level changes in the offspring. The results propose the relevance of altered synaptic vesicle recycling, cytoskeletal structure and energy metabolism in the presynaptic region in addition to alterations in vesicle trafficking, the cytoskeleton and signal transduction in the postsynaptic compartment in MIA offspring. Differing levels of the prominent signaling regulator molecule calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the postsynapse was validated and identified specifically in the prefrontal cortex. Finally, several potential common molecular regulators of these altered proteins, which are already known to be implicated in schizophrenia and ASD, were identified and assessed. In summary, unexpectedly widespread changes in the synaptic molecular machinery in MIA rats were demonstrated which might underlie the pathological cortical functions that are characteristic of schizophrenia and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs A Györffy
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-ELTE NAP B Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Gulyássy
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Barbara Gellén
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Völgyi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Dóra Madarasi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Viktor Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Olivér Ozohanics
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | | | | | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - József Kardos
- MTA-ELTE NAP B Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; MTA-TTK NAP B MS Neuroproteomics Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin A Kékesi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary; Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
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Tsutiya A, Watanabe H, Nakano Y, Nishihara M, Goshima Y, Ohtani‐Kaneko R. Deletion of collapsin response mediator protein 4 results in abnormal layer thickness and elongation of mitral cell apical dendrites in the neonatal olfactory bulb. J Anat 2016; 228:792-804. [PMID: 26739921 PMCID: PMC4831339 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4), a member of the CRMP family, is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Here, we first compared layer thickness of the olfactory bulb between wild-type (WT) and CRMP4-knockout (KO) mice. The mitral cell layer (MCL) was significantly thinner, whereas the external plexiform layer (EPL) was significantly thicker in CRMP4-KO mice at postnatal day 0 (PD0) compared with WTs. However, differences in layer thickness disappeared by PD14. No apoptotic cells were found in the MCL, and the number of mitral cells (MCs) identified with a specific marker (i.e. Tbx21 antibody) did not change in CRMP4-KO neonates. However, DiI-tracing showed that the length of mitral cell apical dendrites was greater in CRMP4-KO neonates than in WTs. In addition, expression of CRMP4 mRNA in WT mice was most abundant in the MCL at PD0 and decreased afterward. These results suggest that CRMP4 contributes to dendritic elongation. Our in vitro studies showed that deletion or knockdown of CRMP4 resulted in enhanced growth of MAP2-positive neurites, whereas overexpression of CRMP4 reduced their growth, suggesting a new role for CRMP4 as a suppressor of dendritic elongation. Overall, our data suggest that disruption of CRMP4 produces a temporary alteration in EPL thickness, which is constituted mainly of mitral cell apical dendrites, through the enhanced growth of these dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life SciencesToyo UniversityOuraGunmaJapan
| | - Yui Nakano
- Graduate School of Life SciencesToyo UniversityOuraGunmaJapan
| | - Masugi Nishihara
- Department of Veterinary PhysiologyGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoBunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and NeurobiologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaKanazawa WardJapan
| | - Ritsuko Ohtani‐Kaneko
- Graduate School of Life SciencesToyo UniversityOuraGunmaJapan
- Bio‐Nano Electronic Research CentreToyo UniversityKawagoeSaitamaJapan
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Quach TT, Lerch JK, Honnorat J, Khanna R, Duchemin AM. Neuronal networks in mental diseases and neuropathic pain: Beyond brain derived neurotrophic factor and collapsin response mediator proteins. World J Psychiatry 2016; 6:18-30. [PMID: 27014595 PMCID: PMC4804265 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a complex network system that has the capacity to support emotion, thought, action, learning and memory, and is characterized by constant activity, constant structural remodeling, and constant attempt to compensate for this remodeling. The basic insight that emerges from complex network organization is that substantively different networks can share common key organizational principles. Moreover, the interdependence of network organization and behavior has been successfully demonstrated for several specific tasks. From this viewpoint, increasing experimental/clinical observations suggest that mental disorders are neural network disorders. On one hand, single psychiatric disorders arise from multiple, multifactorial molecular and cellular structural/functional alterations spreading throughout local/global circuits leading to multifaceted and heterogeneous clinical symptoms. On the other hand, various mental diseases may share functional deficits across the same neural circuit as reflected in the overlap of symptoms throughout clinical diagnoses. An integrated framework including experimental measures and clinical observations will be necessary to formulate a coherent and comprehensive understanding of how neural connectivity mediates and constraints the phenotypic expression of psychiatric disorders.
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Mouri A, Ikeda M, Koseki T, Iwata N, Nabeshima T. The ubiquitination of serotonin transporter in lymphoblasts derived from fluvoxamine-resistant depression patients. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:22-6. [PMID: 26845564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is insufficient serotonergic neuronal function in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a critical role in terminating the function of serotoninergic neurons. SERT is linked to vulnerability to MDD and is an important target for antidepressants. The expression of SERT in lymphocytes and platelets is associated with their expression in central nervous system. Most of the clinical studies that have analyzed the role of SERT in depression have focused on absolute expression of SERT in the brain or peripheral tissue. Our study has shown that the SERT protein is ubiquitinated, which has been implicated through the SERT stability and depressive behaviors in mice. In our study, we have used lymphoblasts derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes to quantitatively examine SERT protein expression and ubiquitination in fluvoxamine-responsive and fluvoxamine-resistant MDD patients. We found that the protein levels of SERT were higher in the fluvoxamine-resistant MDD patients. Ubiquitinated protein levels of SERT were lower in the fluvoxamine-resistant MDD patients. The proteasome inhibitor failed to increase the protein levels of SERT in both fluvoxamine-responsive and fluvoxamine-resistant MDD patients. In sum, these findings suggest that the downregulation of the ubiquitination of SERT protein induces insufficient degradation of SERT by proteasome, which resulted in the upregulation of SERT protein in fluvoxamine-resistant MDD patients. Although further studies with various populations will be required to generalize results, SERT protein expression, ubiquitination, and the responsiveness of SERT expression to proteasome inhibitor are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of MDD and antidepressant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Mouri
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan; Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takenao Koseki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Nabeshima Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan; Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Japan; Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
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Shifting towards a model of mGluR5 dysregulation in schizophrenia: Consequences for future schizophrenia treatment. Neuropharmacology 2015; 115:73-91. [PMID: 26349010 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5), encoded by the GRM5 gene, represents a compelling novel drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia. mGluR5 is a postsynaptic G-protein coupled glutamate receptor strongly linked with several critical cellular processes that are reported to be disrupted in schizophrenia. Accordingly, mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators show encouraging therapeutic potential in preclinical schizophrenia models, particularly for the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions against which currently available therapeutics are largely ineffective. More work is required to support the progression of mGluR5-targeting drugs into the clinic for schizophrenia treatment, although some obstacles may be overcome by comprehensively understanding how mGluR5 itself is involved in the neurobiology of the disorder. Several processes that are necessary for the regulation of mGluR5 activity have been identified, but not examined, in the context of schizophrenia. These processes include protein-protein interactions, dimerisation, subcellular trafficking, the impact of genetic variability or mutations on protein function, as well as epigenetic, post-transcriptional and post-translational processes. It is essential to understand these aspects of mGluR5 to determine whether they are affected in schizophrenia pathology, and to assess the consequences of mGluR5 dysfunction for the future use of mGluR5-based drugs. Here, we summarise the known processes that regulate mGluR5 and those that have already been studied in schizophrenia, and discuss the consequences of this dysregulation for current mGluR5 pharmacological strategies. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors, 5 years on'.
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Tsutiya A, Nishihara M, Goshima Y, Ohtani-Kaneko R. Mouse pups lacking collapsin response mediator protein 4 manifest impaired olfactory function and hyperactivity in the olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2335-45. [PMID: 26118640 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) family are reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of various neuronal disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. One of them, CRMP4, is reported to participate in aspects of neuronal development, such as axonal guidance and dendritic development. However, no physiological or behavioral phenotypes in Crmp4 knockout (Crmp4-KO) mice have been identified, making it difficult to elucidate the in vivo roles of CRMP4. Focusing on the olfaction process because of the previous study showing strong expression of Crmp4 mRNA in the olfactory bulb (OB) during the early postnatal period, it was aimed to test the hypothesis that Crmp4-KO pups would exhibit abnormal olfaction. Based on measurements of their ultrasonic vocalizations, impaired olfactory ability in Crmp4-KO pups was found. In addition, c-Fos expression, a marker of neuron activity, revealed hyperactivity in the OB of Crmp4-KO pups compared with wild-types following exposure to an odorant. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) and 2 (GluR2) were exaggerated in Crmp4-KO pups relative to other excitatory and inhibitory receptors and transporters, raising the possibility that enhanced expression of these excitatory receptors contributes to the hyperactivity phenotype and impairs olfactory ability. This study provides evidence for an animal model for elucidating the roles of CRMP4 in the development of higher brain functions as well as for elucidating the developmental regulatory mechanisms controlling the activity of the neural circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Tsutiya
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Itakura, Oura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Masugi Nishihara
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Ohtani-Kaneko
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Itakura, Oura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Bio-Nano Electronic Research Centre, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
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CRMPs: critical molecules for neurite morphogenesis and neuropsychiatric diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1037-45. [PMID: 26077693 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal polarity and spatial rearrangement of neuronal processes are central to the development of all mature nervous systems. Recent studies have highlighted the dynamic expression of Collapsin-Response-Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) in neuronal dendritic/axonal compartments, described their interaction with cytoskeleton proteins, identified their ability to activate L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and delineated their crucial role as signaling molecules essential for neuron differentiation and neural network development and maintenance. In addition, evidence obtained from genome-wide/genetic linkage/proteomic/translational approaches revealed that CRMP expression is altered in human pathologies including mental (schizophrenia and mood disorders) and neurological (Alzheimer's, prion encephalopathy, epilepsy and others) disorders. Changes in CRMPs levels have been observed after psychotropic treatments, and disrupting CRMP2 binding to calcium channels blocked neuropathic pain. These observations, altogether with those obtained from genetically modified mice targeting individual CRMPs and RNA interference approaches, pave the way for considering CRMPs as potential early disease markers and modulation of their activity as therapeutic strategy for disorders associated with neurite abnormalities.
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the major psychiatric disorders. It is a disorder of complex inheritance, involving both heritable and environmental factors. DNA methylation is an inheritable epigenetic modification that stably alters gene expression. We reasoned that genetic modifications that are a result of environmental stimuli could also make a contribution. We have performed 26 high-resolution genome-wide methylation array analyses to determine the methylation status of 27,627 CpG islands and compared the data between patients and healthy controls. Methylation profiles of DNAs were analyzed in six pools: 220 schizophrenia patients; 220 age-matched healthy controls; 110 female schizophrenia patients; 110 age-matched healthy females; 110 male schizophrenia patients; 110 age-matched healthy males. We also investigated the methylation status of 20 individual patient DNA samples (eight females and 12 males. We found significant differences in the methylation profile between schizophrenia and control DNA pools. We found new candidate genes that principally participate in apoptosis, synaptic transmission and nervous system development (GABRA2, LIN7B, CASP3). Methylation profiles differed between the genders. In females, the most important genes participate in apoptosis and synaptic transmission (XIAP, GABRD, OXT, KRT7), whereas in the males, the implicated genes in the molecular pathology of the disease were DHX37, MAP2K2, FNDC4 and GIPC1. Data from the individual methylation analyses confirmed, the gender-specific pools results. Our data revealed major differences in methylation profiles between schizophrenia patients and controls and between male and female patients. The dysregulated activity of the candidate genes could play a role in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Propagation of dysbindin-1B aggregates: Exosome-mediated transmission of neurotoxic deposits. Neuroscience 2015; 291:301-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ruocco LA, Treno C, Gironi Carnevale UA, Arra C, Boatto G, Pagano C, Tino A, Nieddu M, Michel M, Prikulis I, Carboni E, de Souza Silva MA, Huston JP, Sadile AG, Korth C. Immunization with DISC1 protein in an animal model of ADHD influences behavior and excitatory amino acids in prefrontal cortex and striatum. Amino Acids 2015; 47:637-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Twenty Years of Schizophrenia Research in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966: A Systematic Review. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015; 2015:524875. [PMID: 26090224 PMCID: PMC4452001 DOI: 10.1155/2015/524875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Birth cohort designs are useful in studying adult disease trajectories and outcomes, such as schizophrenia. We review the schizophrenia research performed in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966), which includes 10,934 individuals living in Finland at 16 years of age who have been monitored since each mother's mid-pregnancy. By the age of 44, 150 (1.4%) had developed schizophrenia. There are 77 original papers on schizophrenia published from the NFBC 1966. The early studies have found various risk factors for schizophrenia, especially related to pregnancy and perinatal phase. Psychiatric and somatic outcomes were heterogeneous, but relatively poor. Mortality in schizophrenia is high, especially due to suicides. Several early predictors of outcomes have also been found. Individuals with schizophrenia have alterations in brain morphometry and neurocognition, and our latest studies have found that the use of high lifetime doses of antipsychotics associated with these changes. The schizophrenia research in the NFBC 1966 has been especially active for 20 years, the prospective study design and long follow-up enabling several clinically and epidemiologically important findings. When compared to other birth cohorts, the research in the NFBC 1966 has offered also unique findings on course and outcome of schizophrenia.
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Bradshaw NJ, Bader V, Prikulis I, Lueking A, Müllner S, Korth C. Aggregation of the protein TRIOBP-1 and its potential relevance to schizophrenia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111196. [PMID: 25333879 PMCID: PMC4205090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously proposed that specific proteins may form insoluble aggregates as a response to an illness-specific proteostatic dysbalance in a subset of brains from individuals with mental illness, as is the case for other chronic brain conditions. So far, established risk factors DISC1 and dysbindin were seen to specifically aggregate in a subset of such patients, as was a novel schizophrenia-related protein, CRMP1, identified through a condition-specific epitope discovery approach. In this process, antibodies are raised against the pooled insoluble protein fractions (aggregomes) of post mortem brain samples from schizophrenia patients, followed by epitope identification and confirmation using additional techniques. Pursuing this epitope discovery paradigm further, we reveal TRIO binding protein (TRIOBP) to be a major substrate of a monoclonal antibody with a high specificity to brain aggregomes from patients with chronic mental illness. TRIOBP is a gene previously associated with deafness which encodes for several distinct protein species, each involved in actin cytoskeletal dynamics. The 3′ splice variant TRIOBP-1 is found to be the antibody substrate and has a high aggregation propensity when over-expressed in neuroblastoma cells, while the major 5′ splice variant, TRIOBP-4, does not. Endogenous TRIOBP-1 can also spontaneously aggregate, doing so to a greater extent in cell cultures which are post-mitotic, consistent with aggregated TRIOBP-1 being able to accumulate in the differentiated neurons of the brain. Finally, upon expression in Neuroscreen-1 cells, aggregated TRIOBP-1 affects cell morphology, indicating that TRIOBP-1 aggregates may directly affect cell development, as opposed to simply being a by-product of other processes involved in major mental illness. While further experiments in clinical samples are required to clarify their relevance to chronic mental illness in the general population, TRIOBP-1 aggregates are thus implicated for the first time as a biological element of the neuropathology of a subset of chronic mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Bradshaw
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (NJB); (CK)
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingrid Prikulis
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Carsten Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail: (NJB); (CK)
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50
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Trossbach SV, Fehsel K, Henning U, Winterer G, Luckhaus C, Schäble S, Silva MADS, Korth C. Peripheral DISC1 protein levels as a trait marker for schizophrenia and modulating effects of nicotine. Behav Brain Res 2014; 275:176-82. [PMID: 25218871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein plays a key role in behavioral control and vulnerability for mental illnesses, including schizophrenia. In this study we asked whether peripheral DISC1 protein levels in lymphocytes of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia can serve as a trait marker for the disease. Since a prominent comorbidity of schizophrenia patients is nicotine abuse or addiction, we also examined modulation of lymphocyte DISC1 protein levels in smokers, as well as the relationship between nicotine and DISC1 solubility status. We show decreased DISC1 levels in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia independent of smoking, indicating its potential use as a trait marker of this disease. In addition, lymphocytic DISC1 protein levels were decreased in smoking, mentally healthy individuals but not to the degree of overriding the trait level. Since DISC1 protein has been reported to exist in different solubility states in the brain, we also investigated DISC1 protein solubility in brains of rats treated with nicotine. Sub-chronic treatment with progressively increasing doses of nicotine from 0.25mg/kg to 1mg/kg for 15 days led to a decrease of insoluble DISC1 in the medial prefrontal cortex. Our results demonstrate that DISC1 protein levels in human lymphocytes are correlated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia independent of smoking and thus present a potential biomarker. Reduced DISC1 protein levels in lymphocytes of healthy individuals exposed to nicotine suggest that peripheral DISC1 could have potential for monitoring the effects of psychoactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja V Trossbach
- Department Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Fehsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Henning
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Luckhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Schäble
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Korth
- Department Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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