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Abstract
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome (CS), which mainly occurs in children and young adults. Treatment options with proven clinical efficacy for PPNAD include adrenalectomy (bilateral or unilateral adrenalectomy) and drug treatment to control hypercortisolemia. Previously, the main treatment of PPNAD is bilateral adrenal resection and long-term hormone replacement after surgery. In recent years, cases reports suggest that unilateral or subtotal adrenal resection can also lead to long-term remission in some patients without the need for long-term hormone replacement therapy. Medications for hypercortisolemia, such as Ketoconazole, Metyrapone and Mitotane et.al, have been reported as a preoperative transition for in some patients with severe hypercortisolism. In addition, tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, COX2 inhibitor Celecoxib, somatostatin and other drugs targeting the possible pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are under study, which are expected to be applied to the clinical treatment of PPNAD in the future. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on treatment of PPNAD, in which options of surgical methods, research results of drugs acting on possible pathogenic mechanisms, and the management during gestation are described in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Siwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunran Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun, China
- Correspondence Dr. Guixia Wang The First Hospital of Jilin
UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and
MetabolismNO.1 Xinmin
Street130021
ChangchunChina+86 431
8878-2078+86 431 8878-6066
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2
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Djari C, Sahut-Barnola I, Septier A, Plotton I, Montanier N, Dufour D, Levasseur A, Wilmouth J, Pointud JC, Faucz FR, Kamilaris C, Lopez AG, Guillou F, Swain A, Vainio SJ, Tauveron I, Val P, Lefebvre H, Stratakis CA, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. Protein kinase A drives paracrine crisis and WNT4-dependent testis tumor in Carney complex. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:146910. [PMID: 34850745 DOI: 10.1172/jci146910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumors (LCCSCTs) are among the most frequent lesions occurring in male Carney complex (CNC) patients. Although they constitute a key diagnostic criterion for this rare multiple neoplasia syndrome resulting from inactivating mutations of the tumor suppressor PRKAR1A, leading to unrepressed PKA activity, LCCSCT pathogenesis and origin remain elusive. Mouse models targeting Prkar1a inactivation in all somatic populations or separately in each cell type were generated to decipher the molecular and paracrine networks involved in the induction of CNC testis lesions. We demonstrate that the Prkar1a mutation was required in both stromal and Sertoli cells for the occurrence of LCCSCTs. Integrative analyses comparing transcriptomic, immunohistological data and phenotype of mutant mouse combinations led to the understanding of human LCCSCT pathogenesis and demonstrated PKA-induced paracrine molecular circuits in which the aberrant WNT4 signal production is a limiting step in shaping intratubular lesions and tumor expansion both in a mouse model and in human CNC testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Djari
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Amandine Septier
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- UM Pathologies Endocriniennes Rénales Musculaires et Mucoviscidose, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathanaëlle Montanier
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont-Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Dufour
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - James Wilmouth
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Fabio R Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Crystal Kamilaris
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoine-Guy Lopez
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases and CIC-CRB 140h4, Rouen, France
| | | | - Amanda Swain
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seppo J Vainio
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Igor Tauveron
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont-Auvergne, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Val
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases and CIC-CRB 140h4, Rouen, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoine Martinez
- iGReD, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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3
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Dumontet T, Martinez A. Adrenal androgens, adrenarche, and zona reticularis: A human affair? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111239. [PMID: 33676986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In humans, reticularis cells of the adrenal cortex fuel the production of androgen steroids, constituting the driver of numerous morphological changes during childhood. These steps are considered a precocious stage of sexual maturation and are grouped under the term "adrenarche". This review describes the molecular and enzymatic characteristics of the zona reticularis, along with the possible signals and mechanisms that control its emergence and the associated clinical features. We investigate the differences between species and discuss new studies such as genetic lineage tracing and transcriptomic analysis, highlighting the rodent inner cortex's cellular and molecular heterogeneity. The recent development and characterization of mouse models deficient for Prkar1a presenting with adrenocortical reticularis-like features prompt us to review our vision of the mouse adrenal gland maturation. We expect these new insights will help increase our understanding of the adrenarche process and the pathologies associated with its deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dumontet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Training Program in Organogenesis, Center for Cell Plasticity and Organ Design, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Institut National de La Santé & de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Clermont-Auvergne (UCA), France.
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4
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Ma Y, McClatchy DB, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Bamberger C, Yates JR. Temporal Quantitative Profiling of Newly Synthesized Proteins during Aβ Accumulation. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:763-775. [PMID: 33147027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain is believed to impair multiple cellular pathways and play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathology. However, how this process is regulated remains unclear. In theory, measuring protein synthesis is the most direct way to evaluate a cell's response to stimuli, but to date, there have been few reliable methods to do this. To identify the protein regulatory network during the development of Aβ deposition in AD, we applied a new proteomic technique to quantitate newly synthesized protein (NSP) changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 2-, 5-, and 9-month-old APP/PS1 AD transgenic mice. This bio-orthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging analysis combined PALM (pulse azidohomoalanine labeling in mammals) and HILAQ (heavy isotope labeled AHA quantitation) to reveal a comprehensive dataset of NSPs prior to and post Aβ deposition, including the identification of proteins not previously associated with AD, and demonstrated that the pattern of differentially expressed NSPs is age-dependent. We also found dysregulated vesicle transportation networks including endosomal subunits, coat protein complex I (COPI), and mitochondrial respiratory chain throughout all time points and two brain regions. These results point to a pathological dysregulation of vesicle transportation which occurs prior to Aβ accumulation and the onset of AD symptoms, which may progressively impact the entire protein network and thereby drive neurodegeneration. This study illustrates key pathway regulation responses to the development of AD pathogenesis by directly measuring the changes in protein synthesis and provides unique insights into the mechanisms that underlie AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Ma
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Salvador Martínez-Bartolomé
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Casimir Bamberger
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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5
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Ramírez-Jarquín UN, Shahani N, Pryor W, Usiello A, Subramaniam S. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase mediates haloperidol-induced cataleptic behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:336. [PMID: 33009372 PMCID: PMC7532208 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase protein complex (mTORC1 or mTORC2) that orchestrates diverse functions ranging from embryonic development to aging. However, its brain tissue-specific roles remain less explored. Here, we have identified that the depletion of the mTOR gene in the mice striatum completely prevented the extrapyramidal motor side effects (catalepsy) induced by the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) antagonist haloperidol, which is the most widely used typical antipsychotic drug. Conversely, a lack of striatal mTOR in mice did not affect catalepsy triggered by the dopamine 1 receptor (D1R) antagonist SCH23390. Along with the lack of cataleptic effects, the administration of haloperidol in mTOR mutants failed to increase striatal phosphorylation levels of ribosomal protein pS6 (S235/236) as seen in control animals. To confirm the observations of the genetic approach, we used a pharmacological method and determined that the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin has a profound influence upon post-synaptic D2R-dependent functions. We consistently found that pretreatment with rapamycin entirely prevented (in a time-dependent manner) the haloperidol-induced catalepsy, and pS6K (T389) and pS6 (S235/236) signaling upregulation, in wild-type mice. Collectively, our data indicate that striatal mTORC1 blockade may offer therapeutic benefits with regard to the prevention of D2R-dependent extrapyramidal motor side effects of haloperidol in psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Nimrod Ramírez-Jarquín
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458 USA
| | - Neelam Shahani
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458 USA
| | - William Pryor
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458 USA
| | - Alessandro Usiello
- grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XLaboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Srinivasa Subramaniam
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA.
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Melick CH, Jewell JL. Regulation of mTORC1 by Upstream Stimuli. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090989. [PMID: 32854217 PMCID: PMC7565831 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase that senses multiple upstream stimuli to control cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. mTOR is the catalytic subunit of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). A significant amount of research has uncovered the signaling pathways regulated by mTORC1, and the involvement of these signaling cascades in human diseases like cancer, diabetes, and ageing. Here, we review advances in mTORC1 regulation by upstream stimuli. We specifically focus on how growth factors, amino acids, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), phosphorylation, and small GTPases regulate mTORC1 activity and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase H. Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence:
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Berthon A, Bertherat J. Update of Genetic and Molecular Causes of Adrenocortical Hyperplasias Causing Cushing Syndrome. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:598-606. [PMID: 32097969 DOI: 10.1055/a-1061-7349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral hyperplasias of the adrenal cortex are rare causes of chronic endogenous hypercortisolemia also called Cushing syndrome. These hyperplasias have been classified in two categories based on the adrenal nodule size: the micronodular types include Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease (PPNAD) and isolated Micronodular Adrenal Disease (iMAD) and the macronodular also named Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia (PBMAH). This review discusses the genetic and molecular causes of these different forms of hyperplasia that involve mutations and dysregulation of various regulators of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. PKA signaling is the main pathway controlling cortisol secretion in adrenocortical cells under ACTH stimulation. Although mutations of the regulatory subunit R1α of PKA (PRKAR1A) is the main cause of familial and sporadic PPNAD, inactivation of two cAMP-binding phosphodiesterases (PDE11A and PDE8B) are associated with iMAD even if they are also found in PPNAD and PBMAH cases. Interestingly, PBMAH that is observed in multiple familial syndrome such as APC, menin, fumarate hydratase genes, has initially been associated with the aberrant expression of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) leading to an activation of cAMP/PKA pathway. However, more recently, the discovery of germline mutations in Armadillo repeat containing protein 5 (ARMC5) gene in 25-50% of PBMAH patients highlights its importance in the development of PBMAH. The potential relationship between ARMC5 mutations and aberrant GPCR expression is discussed as well as the potential other causes of PBMAH.
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Nonaka K, Aida J, Takubo K, Yamazaki Y, Gao X, Komatsu A, Takakuma S, Kakizaki M, Inoshita N, Gomi F, Ishiwata T, Chong JM, Arai T, Sasano H. Correlation Between Telomere Attrition of Zona Fasciculata and Adrenal Weight Reduction in Older Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5634040. [PMID: 31745564 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although numerous theories are reported on sex differences in longevity, the underlying biological mechanisms remain unknown. We previously reported that telomere length in the zona reticularis cells of the human adrenal cortex was significantly longer in older than that in younger subjects. However, we could not evaluate sex differences in the telomere lengths. OBJECTIVE To compare the telomere lengths of adrenocortical and adrenal medullar cells between men and women from infancy through older adulthood. METHODS Adrenal glands of 30 male (aged 0 to 100 years) and 25 female (aged 0 to 104 years) autopsied subjects were retrieved from autopsy files. Using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, relative telomere lengths were determined in the parenchymal cells of the 3 adrenocortical zones and medulla. Age-related changes in the weight of adrenal glands were also investigated. MAIN RESULTS Older male subjects (aged 65 years or older) had significantly shorter telomere lengths in zona fasciculata (ZF) cells compared to the corresponding female subjects. In men, older subjects exhibited a significant age-related reduction in adrenal weight; however, no age-related changes in adrenal weight were detected in women. CONCLUSION Telomere attrition of ZF cells was correlated with adrenal weight reduction in older men but not in older women, suggesting a decreased number of ZF cells in older men. This may help us understand the possible biological mechanisms of sex difference in longevity of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nonaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Komatsu
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Takakuma
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsune Kakizaki
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Inoshita
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiya Gomi
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ja-Mun Chong
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Corporation Toshima Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Presta I, Donato A, Chirchiglia D, Malara N, Donato G. Cardiac myxoma and neural crests: a tense relationship. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 44:107163. [PMID: 31760243 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In cardiac myxomas, the malignant transformation process, selecting incidental gene mutations and leading to loss of proliferation control, has not a so drastic effects in terms of growth rate of tumor mass, but frequently the particular location of lesion engrosses the high risk for health. For accurate cancer cell profiling, it is important to establish the embryologic origin of malignant cells and their initial commitments, above all, in the sight of therapeutic strategies and solutions. Here, we advance, for cardiac myxoma, the hypothesis of an origin from cardiac neural crest cells and we attempt to support it by an integrated discussion of current knowledge about embryological characteristics of neural crest cells and most recent studies focusing cardiac myxomas. We discuss the relationship between the basic plasticity of cardiac neural crest cells and some typical mutations arising in neoplastic lesions as well as the expression of typical cell markers of neural crests derivatives. Dysfunctions in proliferative and migratory programs, focused in other studies, are evaluated in the context of the topological and histopathological characteristics of cardiac myxomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Presta
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annalidia Donato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Chirchiglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Natalia Malara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Le Mestre J, Duparc C, Reznik Y, Bonnet-Serrano F, Touraine P, Chabre O, Young J, Suzuki M, Sibony M, Gobet F, Stratakis CA, Raverot G, Bertherat J, Lefebvre H, Louiset E. Illicit Upregulation of Serotonin Signaling Pathway in Adrenals of Patients With High Plasma or Intra-Adrenal ACTH Levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4967-4980. [PMID: 31074783 PMCID: PMC6937520 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In the human adrenal, serotonin (5-HT), released by mast cells stimulates corticosteroid secretion through activation of type 4 serotonin receptors (5-HT4R). In primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease cells, activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway by PRKAR1A mutations triggers upregulation of the 5-HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and the 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors. Because ACTH stimulates cortisol secretion through activation of PKA, adrenocortical tissues exposed to sustained stimulation by ACTH may harbor increased expression of TPH and 5-HT4/6/7 receptors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of long-term ACTH stimulation on the serotonergic pathway in adrenals of patients with high plasma or intra-adrenal ACTH levels. METHODS Adrenal tissues were obtained from patients with Cushing disease, ectopic secretion of ACTH [paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome; (paraCS)], 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD), primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with intra-adrenal ACTH presence, or cortisol-producing adenomas. TPH and 5-HT4/6/7 receptor expression was investigated using RT-PCR and immunochemistry in comparison with normal adrenals. Primary cultured adrenocortical cells originating from a patient with paraCS were incubated with 5-HT and 5-HTR agonists/antagonists. RESULTS TPH and/or 5-HT4/6/7 receptors were overexpressed in the different types of tissues. In paraCS cultured cells, the cortisol response to 5-HT was exaggerated compared with normal adrenal cells and the stimulatory action of 5-HT was reduced by 5-HT4R antagonist. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that prolonged activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway by ACTH induces an aberrant serotonergic stimulatory loop in the adrenal cortex that likely participates in the pathogenesis of corticosteroid hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Mestre
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Duparc
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
| | - Yves Reznik
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- Hormonal Biology Laboratory, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, INSERMU1016, CNRSUMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chabre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, INSERM, U1036, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Young
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mari Suzuki
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mathilde Sibony
- Institut Cochin, INSERMU1016, CNRSUMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Gobet
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (SEGEN), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gérald Raverot
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, INSERMU1016, CNRSUMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Hervé Lefebvre, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, University of Rouen, INSERM U1239, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France. E-mail:
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Rouen, France
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11
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Trinh B, Hepprich M, Betz MJ, Burkard T, Cavelti-Weder C, Seelig E, Meienberg F, Kratschmar DV, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Odermatt A, Hall MN, Donath MY, Swierczynska MM. Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism With mTORC1 Inhibitors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4703-4714. [PMID: 31087053 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity is often increased in the adrenal cortex of patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), and mTORC1 inhibition decreases aldosterone production in adrenocortical cells, suggesting the mTORC1 pathway as a target for treatment of PA. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of mTORC1 inhibition on adrenal steroid hormones and hemodynamic parameters in mice and in patients with PA. DESIGN (i) Plasma aldosterone, corticosterone, and angiotensin II (Ang II) were measured in mice treated for 24 hours with vehicle or rapamycin. (ii) Plasma aldosterone levels after a saline infusion test, plasma renin, and 24-hour urine steroid hormone metabolome and hemodynamic parameters were measured during an open-label study in 12 patients with PA, before and after 2 weeks of treatment with everolimus and after a 2-week washout. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES (i) Change in plasma aldosterone levels. (ii) Change in other steroid hormones, renin, Ang II, and hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS Treatment of mice with rapamycin significantly decreased plasma aldosterone levels (P = 0.007). Overall, treatment of PA patients with everolimus significantly decreased blood pressure (P < 0.05) and increased renin levels (P = 0.001) but did not decrease aldosterone levels significantly. However, prominent reduction of aldosterone levels upon everolimus treatment was observed in four patients. CONCLUSION In mice, mTORC1 inhibition was associated with reduced plasma aldosterone levels. In patients with PA, mTORC1 inhibition was associated with improved blood pressure and renin suppression. In addition, mTORC1 inhibition appeared to reduce plasma aldosterone in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beckey Trinh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hepprich
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Burkard
- European Society of Hypertension Centre of Excellence, Medical Outpatient Department, and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Cavelti-Weder
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Seelig
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Meienberg
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Denise V Kratschmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Krogsaeter EK, Biel M, Wahl-Schott C, Grimm C. The protein interaction networks of mucolipins and two-pore channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1111-1123. [PMID: 30395881 PMCID: PMC7111325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endolysosomal, non-selective cation channels, two-pore channels (TPCs) and mucolipins (TRPMLs), regulate intracellular membrane dynamics and autophagy. While partially compensatory for each other, isoform-specific intracellular distribution, cell-type expression patterns, and regulatory mechanisms suggest different channel isoforms confer distinct properties to the cell. SCOPE OF REVIEW Briefly, established TPC/TRPML functions and interaction partners ('interactomes') are discussed. Novel TRPML3 interactors are shown, and a meta-analysis of experimentally obtained channel interactomes conducted. Accordingly, interactomes are compared and contrasted, and subsequently described in detail for TPC1, TPC2, TRPML1, and TRPML3. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS TPC interactomes are well-defined, encompassing intracellular membrane organisation proteins. TRPML interactomes are varied, encompassing cardiac contractility- and chaperone-mediated autophagy proteins, alongside regulators of intercellular signalling. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Comprising recently proposed targets to treat cancers, infections, metabolic disease and neurodegeneration, the advancement of TPC/TRPML understanding is of considerable importance. This review proposes novel directions elucidating TPC/TRPML relevance in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K Krogsaeter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich (LMU) Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Christian Wahl-Schott
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Neurophysiology, OE 4230, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Munich (LMU) Nussbaumstrasse 26, 80336 Munich.
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13
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Dumontet T, Sahut‐Barnola I, Dufour D, Lefrançois‐Martinez A, Berthon A, Montanier N, Ragazzon B, Djari C, Pointud J, Roucher‐Boulez F, Batisse‐Lignier M, Tauveron I, Bertherat J, Val P, Martinez A. Hormonal and spatial control of SUMOylation in the human and mouse adrenal cortex. FASEB J 2019; 33:10218-10230. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900557r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dumontet
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Isabelle Sahut‐Barnola
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Damien Dufour
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Anne‐Marie Lefrançois‐Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Nathanaëlle Montanier
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Service d'EndocrinologieCentre Hospitalier Régional (CHR)Hôpital de la Source Orléans France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Institut CochinCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Cyril Djari
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Jean‐Christophe Pointud
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Florence Roucher‐Boulez
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies RaresCHUUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Bron France
| | - Marie Batisse‐Lignier
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Service d'EndocrinologieFaculté de MédecineCentre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)Université Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Service d'EndocrinologieFaculté de MédecineCentre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)Université Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut CochinCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes Paris France
- Centre Maladies Rares de la SurrénaleService d'EndocrinologieHôpital CochinAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Paris France
| | - Pierre Val
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
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14
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Huang CCJ, Kang Y. The transient cortical zone in the adrenal gland: the mystery of the adrenal X-zone. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:R51-R63. [PMID: 30817316 PMCID: PMC6675673 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The X-zone is a transient cortical region enriched in eosinophilic cells located in the cortical-medullary boundary of the mouse adrenal gland. Similar to the X-zone, the fetal zone in human adrenals is also a transient cortical compartment, comprising the majority of the human fetal adrenal gland. During adrenal development, fetal cortical cells are gradually replaced by newly formed adult cortical cells that develop into outer definitive zones. In mice, the regression of this fetal cell population is sexually dimorphic. Many mouse models with mutations associated with endocrine factors have been reported with X-zone phenotypes. Increasing findings indicate that the cell fate of this aged cell population of the adrenal cortex can be manipulated by many hormonal and nonhormonal factors. This review summarizes the current knowledge of this transient adrenocortical zone with an emphasis on genes and signaling pathways that affect X-zone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Che Jeff Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuan Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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15
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Zhao LX, Ge YH, Li JB, Xiong CH, Law PY, Xu JR, Qiu Y, Chen HZ. M1 muscarinic receptors regulate the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 via a signaling pathway linking cAMP-PKA and PI3K-Akt. FASEB J 2019; 33:6622-6631. [PMID: 30794430 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802351r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are highly expressed in key areas that control cognition, such as the cortex and hippocampus, representing one potential therapeutic target for cognitive dysfunctions of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. We have reported that M1 receptors facilitate cognition by promoting membrane insertion of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor AMPA receptor subunit 1 (GluA1) through phosphorylation at Ser845. However, the signaling pathway is still unclear. Here we showed that adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine and PKA inhibitor KT5720 inhibited enhancement of phosphorylation of Ser845 and membrane insertion of GluA1 induced by M1 receptor activation. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and protein kinase B (Akt) inhibitor IV blocked the effects of M1 receptors as well. Remarkably, the increase of the activity of PI3K-Akt signaling induced by M1 receptor activation could be abolished by cAMP-PKA inhibitors. Moreover, inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1, an important downstream effector of PI3K-Akt, by short-term application of rapamycin attenuated the effects of M1 receptors on GluA1. Furthermore, such effect was unrelated to possible protein synthesis promoted by mTOR. Taken together, these data demonstrate that M1 receptor activation induces membrane insertion of GluA1 via a signaling linking cAMP-PKA and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways but is irrelevant to protein synthesis.-Zhao, L.-X., Ge, Y.-H., Li, J.-B., Xiong, C.-H., Law, P.-Y., Xu, J.-R., Qiu, Y., Chen, H.-Z. M1 muscarinic receptors regulate the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 via a signaling pathway linking cAMP-PKA and PI3K-Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Hui Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Hong Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; and
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Wu J, Gao F, Xu T, Deng X, Wang C, Yang X, Hu Z, Long Y, He X, Liang G, Ren D, Dai T. miR-503 suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by triggering autophagy via PKA/mTOR signaling. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1427-1442. [PMID: 29568867 PMCID: PMC5873897 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-503 is involved in the regulation of the malignant phenotype in multiple tumor types, and has been proven to be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target; however, its function and mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the current study, we detected miR‑503 expression by RT‑qPCR and found that miR‑503 expression was increased in ESCC, but negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and tumor differentiation. Functionally, we confirmed that miR‑503 inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells by triggering cellular autophagy. Mechanistically, we confirmed that miR‑503 exerted its biological effects by targeting protein kinase CAMP‑activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA) in ESCC by dual luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR‑503 was found to trigger autophagy in ESCC cells through the protein kinase A (PKA)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR‑503 suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC via the activation of autophagy, mediated by the PKA/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Gao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Deng
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Long
- Experiment Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei He
- Experiment Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Guannan Liang
- Experiment Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Delian Ren
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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17
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Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare disease of women, is associated with cystic lung destruction resulting from the proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle-like LAM cells with mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes TSC1 and/or TSC2 The mutant genes and encoded proteins are responsible for activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is inhibited by sirolimus (rapamycin), a drug used to treat LAM. Patients who have LAM may also be treated with bronchodilators for asthma-like symptoms due to LAM. We observed stabilization of forced expiratory volume in 1 s over time in patients receiving sirolimus and long-acting beta-agonists with short-acting rescue inhalers compared with patients receiving only sirolimus. Because beta-agonists increase cAMP and PKA activity, we investigated effects of PKA activation on the mTOR pathway. Human skin TSC2+/- fibroblasts or LAM lung cells incubated short-term with isoproterenol (beta-agonist) showed a sirolimus-independent increase in phosphorylation of S6, a downstream effector of the mTOR pathway, and increased cell growth. Cells incubated long-term with isoproterenol, which may lead to beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization, did not show increased S6 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKA blocked the isoproterenol effect on S6 phosphorylation. Thus, activation of PKA by beta-agonists increased phospho-S6 independent of mTOR, an effect abrogated by beta-agonist-driven receptor desensitization. In agreement, retrospective clinical data from patients with LAM suggested that a combination of bronchodilators in conjunction with sirolimus may be preferable to sirolimus alone for stabilization of pulmonary function.
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18
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Activation of D1R/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade in medial prefrontal cortex underlying the antidepressant effects of l-SPD. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630404 PMCID: PMC5476681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by diverse symptoms. Although several antidepressants can influence dopamine system in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but the role of D1R or D2R subtypes of dopamine receptor during anti-depression process is still vague in PFC region. To address this question, we investigate the antidepressant effect of levo-stepholidine (l-SPD), an antipsychotic medication with unique pharmacological profile of D1R agonism and D2R antagonism, and clarified its molecular mechanisms in the mPFC. Our results showed that l-SPD exerted antidepressant-like effects on the Sprague-Dawley rat CMS model of depression. Mechanism studies revealed that l-SPD worked as a specific D1R agonist, rather than D2 antagonist, to activate downstream signaling of PKA/mTOR pathway, which resulted in increasing synaptogenesis-related proteins, such as PSD 95 and synapsin I. In addition, l-SPD triggered long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP) in the mPFC, which was blocked by the inhibition of D1R, PKA, and mTOR, supporting that selective activation of D1R enhanced excitatory synaptic transduction in PFC. Our findings suggest a critical role of D1R/PKA/mTOR signaling cascade in the mPFC during the l-SPD mediated antidepressant process, which may also provide new insights into the role of mesocortical dopaminergic system in antidepressant effects.
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19
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Norris JL, Farrow MA, Gutierrez DB, Palmer LD, Muszynski N, Sherrod SD, Pino JC, Allen JL, Spraggins JM, Lubbock ALR, Jordan A, Burns W, Poland JC, Romer C, Manier ML, Nei YW, Prentice BM, Rose KL, Hill S, Van de Plas R, Tsui T, Braman NM, Keller MR, Rutherford SA, Lobdell N, Lopez CF, Lacy DB, McLean JA, Wikswo JP, Skaar EP, Caprioli RM. Integrated, High-Throughput, Multiomics Platform Enables Data-Driven Construction of Cellular Responses and Reveals Global Drug Mechanisms of Action. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1364-1375. [PMID: 28088864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of how cells respond to perturbation is essential for biological applications; however, most approaches for profiling cellular response are limited in scope to pre-established targets. Global analysis of molecular mechanism will advance our understanding of the complex networks constituting cellular perturbation and lead to advancements in areas, such as infectious disease pathogenesis, developmental biology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and toxicology. We have developed a high-throughput multiomics platform for comprehensive, de novo characterization of cellular mechanisms of action. Platform validation using cisplatin as a test compound demonstrates quantification of over 10 000 unique, significant molecular changes in less than 30 days. These data provide excellent coverage of known cisplatin-induced molecular changes and previously unrecognized insights into cisplatin resistance. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the value of this platform as a resource to understand complex cellular responses in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James C Poland
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raf Van de Plas
- Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology , Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nathaniel M Braman
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - M Ray Keller
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | - Carlos F Lopez
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | | | - John A McLean
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - John P Wikswo
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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A siRNA screen reveals the prosurvival effect of protein kinase A activation in conditions of unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1670-80. [PMID: 27341185 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a crucial role in the proper folding of proteins that are synthesized in the secretory pathway. Physiological and pathological conditions can induce accumulation of mis- or unfolded proteins in the ER lumen and thereby generate a state of cellular stress known as ER stress. The unfolded protein response aims at restoring protein-folding homeostasis, but turns into a toxic signal when ER stress is too severe or prolonged. ER stress-induced cellular dysfunction and death is associated with several human diseases, but the molecular mechanisms regulating death under unresolved ER stress are still unclear. We performed a siRNA-based screen to identify new regulators of ER stress-induced death and found that repression of the Carney complex-associated protein PRKAR1A specifically protected the cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis, and not from apoptosis induced by etoposide or TNF. We demonstrate that the protection results from PKA activation and associate it, at least in part, with the phosphorylation-mediated inhibition of the PKA substrate Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1). Our results therefore provide new information on the complex regulation of cellular death under ER stress conditions and bring new insights on the conditions that regulate the pro- versus anti-death functions of PKA.
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21
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Expression and cellular distribution of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 in cortical tubers of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Brain Res 2016; 1636:183-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Liu D, Bordicchia M, Zhang C, Fang H, Wei W, Li JL, Guilherme A, Guntur K, Czech MP, Collins S. Activation of mTORC1 is essential for β-adrenergic stimulation of adipose browning. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1704-16. [PMID: 27018708 DOI: 10.1172/jci83532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A classic metabolic concept posits that insulin promotes energy storage and adipose expansion, while catecholamines stimulate release of adipose energy stores by hydrolysis of triglycerides through β-adrenergic receptor (βARs) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. Here, we have shown that a key hub in the insulin signaling pathway, activation of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K1) through mTORC1, is also triggered by PKA activation in both mouse and human adipocytes. Mice with mTORC1 impairment, either through adipocyte-specific deletion of Raptor or pharmacologic rapamycin treatment, were refractory to the well-known βAR-dependent increase of uncoupling protein UCP1 expression and expansion of beige/brite adipocytes (so-called browning) in white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, PKA directly phosphorylated mTOR and RAPTOR on unique serine residues, an effect that was independent of insulin/AKT signaling. Abrogation of the PKA site within RAPTOR disrupted βAR/mTORC1 activation of S6K1 without affecting mTORC1 activation by insulin. Conversely, a phosphomimetic RAPTOR augmented S6K1 activity. Together, these studies reveal a signaling pathway from βARs and PKA through mTORC1 that is required for adipose browning by catecholamines and provides potential therapeutic strategies to enhance energy expenditure and combat metabolic disease.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/cytology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Multiprotein Complexes/genetics
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/genetics
- Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Uncoupling Protein 1/biosynthesis
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
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23
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Pihlajoki M, Färkkilä A, Soini T, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. GATA factors in endocrine neoplasia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 421:2-17. [PMID: 26027919 PMCID: PMC4662929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factors are structurally-related zinc finger proteins that recognize the consensus DNA sequence WGATAA (the GATA motif), an essential cis-acting element in the promoters and enhancers of many genes. These transcription factors regulate cell fate specification and differentiation in a wide array of tissues. As demonstrated by genetic analyses of mice and humans, GATA factors play pivotal roles in the development, homeostasis, and function of several endocrine organs including the adrenal cortex, ovary, pancreas, parathyroid, pituitary, and testis. Additionally, GATA factors have been shown to be mutated, overexpressed, or underexpressed in a variety of endocrine tumors (e.g., adrenocortical neoplasms, parathyroid tumors, pituitary adenomas, and sex cord stromal tumors). Emerging evidence suggests that GATA factors play a direct role in the initiation, proliferation, or propagation of certain endocrine tumors via modulation of key developmental signaling pathways implicated in oncogenesis, such as the WNT/β-catenin and TGFβ pathways. Altered expression or function of GATA factors can also affect the metabolism, ploidy, and invasiveness of tumor cells. This article provides an overview of the role of GATA factors in endocrine neoplasms. Relevant animal models are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Pihlajoki
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Soini
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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24
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Leccia F, Batisse-Lignier M, Sahut-Barnola I, Val P, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Martinez A. Mouse Models Recapitulating Human Adrenocortical Tumors: What Is Lacking? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:93. [PMID: 27471492 PMCID: PMC4945639 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal cortex tumors are divided into benign forms, such as primary hyperplasias and adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs), and malignant forms or adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs). Primary hyperplasias are rare causes of adrenocorticotropin hormone-independent hypercortisolism. ACAs are the most common type of adrenal gland tumors and they are rarely "functional," i.e., producing steroids. When functional, adenomas result in endocrine disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome (hypercortisolism) or Conn's syndrome (hyperaldosteronism). By contrast, ACCs are extremely rare but highly aggressive tumors that may also lead to hypersecreting syndromes. Genetic analyses of patients with sporadic or familial forms of adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) led to the identification of potentially causative genes, most of them being involved in protein kinase A (PKA), Wnt/β-catenin, and P53 signaling pathways. Development of mouse models is a crucial step to firmly establish the functional significance of candidate genes, to dissect mechanisms leading to tumors and endocrine disorders, and in fine to provide in vivo tools for therapeutic screens. In this article, we will provide an overview on the existing mouse models (xenografted and genetically engineered) of ACTs by focusing on the role of PKA and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in this context. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of models that have been developed heretofore and we will point out necessary improvements in the development of next generation mouse models of adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Leccia
- UMR6293, GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie Batisse-Lignier
- UMR6293, GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, School of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Pierre Val
- UMR6293, GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Antoine Martinez
- UMR6293, GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, Clermont Université, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Antoine Martinez,
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25
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Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR, also known as mammalian target of rapamycin) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation and survival. These effects are cell-type-specific, and are elicited in response to stimulation by growth factors, hormones and cytokines, as well as to internal and external metabolic cues. Rapamycin was initially developed as an inhibitor of T-cell proliferation and allograft rejection in the organ transplant setting. Subsequently, its molecular target (mTOR) was identified as a component of two interacting complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, that regulate T-cell lineage specification and macrophage differentiation. mTORC1 drives the proinflammatory expansion of T helper (TH) type 1, TH17, and CD4(-)CD8(-) (double-negative, DN) T cells. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibit the development of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T regulatory (TREG) cells and, indirectly, mTORC2 favours the expansion of T follicular helper (TFH) cells which, similarly to DN T cells, promote B-cell activation and autoantibody production. In contrast to this proinflammatory effect of mTORC2, mTORC1 favours, to some extent, an anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization that is protective against infections and tissue inflammation. Outside the immune system, mTORC1 controls fibroblast proliferation and chondrocyte survival, with implications for tissue fibrosis and osteoarthritis, respectively. Rapamycin (which primarily inhibits mTORC1), ATP-competitive, dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors and upstream regulators of the mTOR pathway are being developed to treat autoimmune, hyperproliferative and degenerative diseases. In this regard, mTOR blockade promises to increase life expectancy through treatment and prevention of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Perl
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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26
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Sun Y, Chen X, Sun J, Wen X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Gao Y. A Novel Inherited Mutation in PRKAR1A Abrogates PreRNA Splicing in a Carney Complex Family. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1393-401. [PMID: 26416542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carney complex (CNC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease, characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac and cutaneous myxomas, and endocrine overactivity. We report on a Chinese CNC family with a novel mutation in the protein kinase A regulatory subunit 1 (PRKAR1A) gene. METHODS Target-exome sequencing was performed to identify the mutation of PRKAR1A in 2 members of the CNC family. RESULTS The proband was a young man with typical CNC, including pigmentation, cutaneous myxomas, cardiac myxoma, Sertoli cell tumour of his left testis, and multiple hypoechoic thyroid nodules. His mother also had CNC with skin pigmentation, cutaneous myxomas, and a cardiac myxoma. Target-exome capture analysis revealed that the proband and the mother carried a novel heterozygous mutation in the exon 6 splicing donor site of PRKAR1A. Sequencing analysis of myxoma messenger RNA revealed that the mutation abrogated exon 6 preRNA splicing, leading to a frameshift starting at Valine 185 and premature translation termination in intron 6. The truncated enzyme lacks the functional cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) binding domain at the C-terminus, causing PRKAR1A haploinsufficiency. CONCLUSIONS In this study we report on a novel splicing mutation in the PRKAR1A gene that adds to the genetic heterogeneity of CNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Jingnan Sun
- Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Cardiogram, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer and Stem Cell Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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27
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Röhrig T, Pihlajoki M, Ziegler R, Cochran RS, Schrade A, Schillebeeckx M, Mitra RD, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Toying with fate: Redirecting the differentiation of adrenocortical progenitor cells into gonadal-like tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:165-77. [PMID: 25498963 PMCID: PMC4417465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate decisions are integral to zonation and remodeling of the adrenal cortex. Animal models exhibiting ectopic differentiation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal cortex can shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating steroidogenic cell fate. In one such model, prepubertal gonadectomy (GDX) of mice triggers the formation of adrenocortical neoplasms that resemble luteinized ovarian stroma. Transcriptomic analysis and genome-wide DNA methylation mapping have identified genetic and epigenetic markers of GDX-induced adrenocortical neoplasia. Members of the GATA transcription factor family have emerged as key regulators of cell fate in this model. Expression of Gata4 is pivotal for the accumulation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal glands of gonadectomized mice, whereas expression of Gata6 limits the spontaneous and GDX-induced differentiation of gonadal-like cells in the adrenal cortex. Additionally, Gata6 is essential for proper development of the adrenal X-zone, a layer analogous to the fetal zone of the human adrenal cortex. The relevance of these observations to developmental signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex, to other animal models of altered adrenocortical cell fate, and to human diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Röhrig
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hochschule Mannheim - University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Ricarda Ziegler
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hochschule Mannheim - University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim 68163, Germany
| | - Rebecca S Cochran
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anja Schrade
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Maximiliaan Schillebeeckx
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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28
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Abstract
This comparative review highlights animal models of adrenocortical neoplasia useful either for mechanistic studies or translational research. Three model species-mouse, ferret, and dog-are detailed. The relevance of each of these models to spontaneous and inherited adrenocortical tumors in humans is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht 3508 TD, The Netherlands
| | - David B Wilson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8208, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Kitagishi Y, Minami A, Nakanishi A, Ogura Y, Matsuda S. Neuron membrane trafficking and protein kinases involved in autism and ADHD. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3095-115. [PMID: 25647412 PMCID: PMC4346882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A brain-enriched multi-domain scaffolding protein, neurobeachin has been identified as a candidate gene for autism patients. Mutations in the synaptic adhesion protein cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) are also associated with autism spectrum disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder of uncertain molecular origin. Potential roles of neurobeachin and CADM1 have been suggested to a function of vesicle transport in endosomal trafficking. It seems that protein kinase B (AKT) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) have key roles in the neuron membrane trafficking involved in the pathogenesis of autism. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is documented to dopaminergic insufficiencies, which is attributed to synaptic dysfunction of dopamine transporter (DAT). AKT is also essential for the DAT cell-surface redistribution. In the present paper, we summarize and discuss the importance of several protein kinases that regulate the membrane trafficking involved in autism and ADHD, suggesting new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Akari Minami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Ogura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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30
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Pihlajoki M, Dörner J, Cochran RS, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Adrenocortical zonation, renewal, and remodeling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:27. [PMID: 25798129 PMCID: PMC4350438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is divided into concentric zones. In humans the major cortical zones are the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex is a dynamic organ in which senescent cells are replaced by newly differentiated ones. This constant renewal facilitates organ remodeling in response to physiological demand for steroids. Cortical zones can reversibly expand, contract, or alter their biochemical profiles to accommodate needs. Pools of stem/progenitor cells in the adrenal capsule, subcapsular region, and juxtamedullary region can differentiate to repopulate or expand zones. Some of these pools appear to be activated only during specific developmental windows or in response to extreme physiological demand. Senescent cells can also be replenished through direct lineage conversion; for example, cells in the zona glomerulosa can transform into cells of the zona fasciculata. Adrenocortical cell differentiation, renewal, and function are regulated by a variety of endocrine/paracrine factors including adrenocorticotropin, angiotensin II, insulin-related growth hormones, luteinizing hormone, activin, and inhibin. Additionally, zonation and regeneration of the adrenal cortex are controlled by developmental signaling pathways, such as the sonic hedgehog, delta-like homolog 1, fibroblast growth factor, and WNT/β-catenin pathways. The mechanisms involved in adrenocortical remodeling are complex and redundant so as to fulfill the offsetting goals of organ homeostasis and stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Pihlajoki
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Dörner
- Hochschule Mannheim – University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Cochran
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B. Wilson
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- *Correspondence: David B. Wilson, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA e-mail:
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