1
|
Jeong M, Yoo S. FetoML: Interpretable predictions of the fetotoxicity of drugs based on machine learning approaches. Mol Inform 2024; 43:e202300312. [PMID: 38850133 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant females may use medications to manage health problems that develop during pregnancy or that they had prior to pregnancy. However, using medications during pregnancy has a potential risk to the fetus. Assessing the fetotoxicity of drugs is essential to ensure safe treatments, but the current process is challenged by ethical issues, time, and cost. Therefore, the need for in silico models to efficiently assess the fetotoxicity of drugs has recently emerged. Previous studies have proposed successful machine learning models for fetotoxicity prediction and even suggest molecular substructures that are possibly associated with fetotoxicity risks or protective effects. However, the interpretation of the decisions of the models on fetotoxicity prediction for each drug is still insufficient. This study constructed machine learning-based models that can predict the fetotoxicity of drugs while providing explanations for the decisions. For this, permutation feature importance was used to identify the general features that the model made significant in predicting the fetotoxicity of drugs. In addition, features associated with fetotoxicity for each drug were analyzed using the attention mechanism. The predictive performance of all the constructed models was significantly high (AUROC: 0.854-0.974, AUPR: 0.890-0.975). Furthermore, we conducted literature reviews on the predicted important features and found that they were highly associated with fetotoxicity. We expect that our model will benefit fetotoxicity research by providing an evaluation of fetotoxicity risks for drugs or drug candidates, along with an interpretation of that prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeonghyeon Jeong
- Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyong Yoo
- Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Acharya B, Dey S, Sahu PK, Behera A, Chowdhury B, Behera S. Perspectives on chick embryo models in developmental and reproductive toxicity screening. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 126:108583. [PMID: 38561097 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Teratology, the study of congenital anomalies and their causative factors intersects with developmental and reproductive toxicology, employing innovative methodologies. Evaluating the potential impacts of teratogens on fetal development and assessing human risk is an essential prerequisite in preclinical research. The chicken embryo model has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding human embryonic development due to its remarkable resemblance to humans. This model offers a unique platform for investigating the effects of substances on developing embryos, employing techniques such as ex ovo and in ovo assays, chorioallantoic membrane assays, and embryonic culture techniques. The advantages of chicken embryonic models include their accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and biological relevance to vertebrate development, enabling efficient screening of developmental toxicity. However, these models have limitations, such as the absence of a placenta and maternal metabolism, impacting the study of nutrient exchange and hormone regulation. Despite these limitations, understanding and mitigating the challenges posed by the absence of a placenta and maternal metabolism are critical for maximizing the utility of the chick embryo model in developmental toxicity testing. Indeed, the insights gained from utilizing these assays and their constraints can significantly contribute to our understanding of the developmental impacts of various agents. This review underscores the utilization of chicken embryonic models in developmental toxicity testing, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages by addressing the challenges posed by their physiological differences from mammalian systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswajeet Acharya
- School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Dey
- Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Amulyaratna Behera
- School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Bimalendu Chowdhury
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khodasingi, Brahmapur, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Suchismeeta Behera
- Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khodasingi, Brahmapur, Odisha, India; State Forensic Laboratory, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Musaad Alghamdi S, Johar Aljohar A, Abdullah Alamoudi R, Sulaiman Alrejaye N, Dawood Abdulhameed F, Mahdi Alhussain R, Yousef AlGudaibi L, Jafar Sabbagh H. Assessment of non-syndromic orofacial cleft severity and associated environmental factors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:480-485. [PMID: 38525175 PMCID: PMC10960119 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relationship between different environmental risk factors and the severity of cleft lip with/without palate (CL ± P) and cleft palate (CP) in Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a cross-sectional national study, of government hospitals in 10 cities distributed across major regions of Saudi Arabia, from June 2020 to June 2021. All newborns with CL ± P or CP were clinically examined and evaluated for cleft phenotype severity using the LAHSHAL classification system. Various environmental factors were evaluated by interviewing parents using a validated questionnaire. The severity of CL ± P and CP was evaluated in relation to environmental factors. Results We recruited 174 patients with non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC); 122 (70.1 %) had CL ± P and 52 (29.9 %) had CP. After adjusting the odds ratios by ordinal regression for CL ± P and logistic regression analysis for CP, environmental factors that significantly increased the severity of CL ± P were family history of NSOFC, maternal illnesses, and maternal medication use (P = 0.02, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:2.70; P = 0.002, AOR:3.70; and P = 0.03, AOR:2.14, respectively). Folic acid supplementation in the first trimester significantly reduced the severity of CL ± P and CP (P = 0.001, AOR:0.18 and P = 0.001, AOR:0.012, respectively). Conclusion The severity of CL ± P was affected by some maternal exposures during the 3-month pre-gestation period. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of controlling the severity of NSOFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Musaad Alghamdi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Bisha Dental Centre, Ministry of Health, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Johar Aljohar
- Pedodontist, Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Abdullah Alamoudi
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Sulaiman Alrejaye
- Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Dawood Abdulhameed
- Pediatric Surgery Department, King Salman Medical City, Maternity and Children’s Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Mahdi Alhussain
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifa Yousef AlGudaibi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Board of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nöth J, Busch W, Tal T, Lai C, Ambekar A, Kießling TR, Scholz S. Analysis of vascular disruption in zebrafish embryos as an endpoint to predict developmental toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:537-549. [PMID: 38129683 PMCID: PMC10794345 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis is an important mode of action for the teratogenic effect of chemicals and drugs. There is a gap in the availability of simple, experimental screening models for the detection of angiogenesis inhibition. The zebrafish embryo represents an alternative test system which offers the complexity of developmental differentiation of an entire organism while allowing for small-scale and high-throughput screening. Here we present a novel automated imaging-based method to detect the inhibition of angiogenesis in early life stage zebrafish. Video subtraction was used to identify the location and number of functional intersegmental vessels according to the detection of moving blood cells. By exposing embryos to multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors including SU4312, SU5416, Sorafenib, or PTK787, we confirmed that this method can detect concentration-dependent inhibition of angiogenesis. Parallel assessment of arterial and venal aorta ruled out a potential bias by impaired heart or blood cell development. In contrast, the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid did not affect ISV formation supporting the specificity of the angiogenic effects. The new test method showed higher sensitivity, i.e. lower effect concentrations, relative to a fluorescent reporter gene strain (Tg(KDR:EGFP)) exposed to the same tyrosine kinase inhibitors indicating that functional effects due to altered tubulogenesis or blood transport can be detected before structural changes of the endothelium are visible by fluorescence imaging. Comparison of exposure windows indicated higher specificity for angiogenesis when exposure started at later embryonic stages (24 h post-fertilization). One of the test compounds was showing particularly high specificity for angiogenesis effects (SU4312) and was, therefore, suggested as a model compound for the identification of molecular markers of angiogenic disruption. Our findings establish video imaging in wild-type strains as viable, non-invasive, high-throughput method for the detection of chemical-induced angiogenic disruption in zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nöth
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamara Tal
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chih Lai
- University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Akhil Ambekar
- University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Duke University, A.I. Health Fellow-Associate in Research, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baldacci S, Santoro M, Mezzasalma L, Pierini A, Coi A. Medication use during pregnancy and the risk of gastroschisis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:31. [PMID: 38287353 PMCID: PMC10826191 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aetiology of gastroschisis is considered multifactorial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether the use of medications during pregnancy, is associated with the risk of gastroschisis in offspring. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from 1st January 1990 to 31st December 2020 to identify observational studies examining the association between medication use during pregnancy and the risk of gastroschisis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for the quality assessment of the individual studies. We pooled adjusted measures using a random-effect model to estimate relative risk [RR] and the 95% confidence interval [CI]. I2 statistic for heterogeneity and publication bias was calculated. RESULTS Eighteen studies providing data on 751,954 pregnancies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled RRs showed significant associations between aspirin (RR 1.66, 95% CI 1.16-2.38; I2 = 58.3%), oral contraceptives (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21-1.92; I2 = 22.0%), pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.16-1.97; I2 = 33.2%), ibuprofen (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.26-1.60; I2 = 0.0%), and gastroschisis. No association was observed between paracetamol and gastroschisis (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.96-1.41; I2 = 39.4%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy to over the counter medications (OTC) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine as well as to oral contraceptives, was associated with an increased risk of gastroschisis. However, these associations are significant only in particular subgroups defined by geographic location, adjustment variables and type of control. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate them as potential risk factors for gastroschisis, to assess their safety in pregnancy and to develop treatment strategies to reduce the risk of gastroschisis in offspring. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021287529.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Baldacci
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Michele Santoro
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorena Mezzasalma
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Pierini
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Coi
- Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamm JT, Hsieh JH, Roberts GK, Collins B, Gorospe J, Sparrow B, Walker NJ, Truong L, Tanguay RL, Dyballa S, Miñana R, Schiavone V, Terriente J, Weiner A, Muriana A, Quevedo C, Ryan KR. Interlaboratory Study on Zebrafish in Toxicology: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology's (SEAZIT's) Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity. TOXICS 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38276729 PMCID: PMC10820928 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic zebrafish represent a useful test system to screen substances for their ability to perturb development. The exposure scenarios, endpoints captured, and data analysis vary among the laboratories who conduct screening. A lack of harmonization impedes the comparison of the substance potency and toxicity outcomes across laboratories and may hinder the broader adoption of this model for regulatory use. The Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology (SEAZIT) initiative was developed to investigate the sources of variability in toxicity testing. This initiative involved an interlaboratory study to determine whether experimental parameters altered the developmental toxicity of a set of 42 substances (3 tested in duplicate) in three diverse laboratories. An initial dose-range-finding study using in-house protocols was followed by a definitive study using four experimental conditions: chorion-on and chorion-off using both static and static renewal exposures. We observed reasonable agreement across the three laboratories as 33 of 42 test substances (78.6%) had the same activity call. However, the differences in potency seen using variable in-house protocols emphasizes the importance of harmonization of the exposure variables under evaluation in the second phase of this study. The outcome of the Def will facilitate future practical discussions on harmonization within the zebrafish research community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon T. Hamm
- Inotiv, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Georgia K. Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Bradley Collins
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jenni Gorospe
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | | | - Nigel J. Walker
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Rafael Miñana
- ZeClinics SL., 08980 Barcelona, Spain
- CTI Laboratory Services Spain SL., 48160 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Weiner
- BBD BioPhenix SL. (Biobide), 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Celia Quevedo
- BBD BioPhenix SL. (Biobide), 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kristen R. Ryan
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Louchet M, Collier M, Beeker N, Mandelbrot L, Sibiude J, Chouchana L, Treluyer JM. Trends in harmful drug exposure during pregnancy in France between 2013 and 2019: A nationwide cohort study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295897. [PMID: 38198446 PMCID: PMC10781191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the trends of exposure to harmful drugs during pregnancy over recent years in France. DESIGN Nationwide cohort study. SETTING The French National administrative health Data System (SNDS). POPULATION Pregnancies starting between 2013 and 2019 and outcomes corresponding to live births, medical terminations of pregnancy, and stillbirths. METHODS Each pregnancy was divided into a preconceptional period of 90 days before conception and three trimesters from conception to birth. Harmful drugs were defined according to their risks to the fetus: teratogenicity or fetotoxicity. Exposure was defined using the critical period during pregnancy for each type of harmful drug: preconceptional period or first trimester for teratogenic drugs and second or third trimesters for fetotoxic drugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of pregnancies exposed to at least one harmful drug. RESULTS Among 5,253,284 pregnancies, 204,402 (389 per 10,000) pregnancies were exposed to at least one harmful drug during the critical periods: 48,326 (92 per 10,000) pregnancies were exposed to teratogenic drugs during the preconceptional period or the first trimester, and 155,514 (299 per 10,000) pregnancies were exposed to fetotoxic drugs during the second or third trimesters. Teratogenic drugs were mainly retinoids for topical use (44 per 10,000 pregnancies), antiepileptics (13 per 10,000 pregnancies) and statins (13 per 10,000 pregnancies). Fetotoxic drugs were mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), for systemic (128 per 10,000 pregnancies) and topical use (122 per 10,000 pregnancies). Exposure to teratogenic drugs decreased from the preconceptional period to the first trimester. Exposure to fetotoxic drugs decreased from the second to the third trimester. Between 2013 and 2019, we found a decrease in harmful drug exposure overall, mainly for topical and systemic NSAIDs and for topical retinoids. CONCLUSIONS In this nationwide study, about one in 25 pregnancies was exposed to at least one harmful drug, mainly NSAIDs and topical retinoids. Although the prevalence of harmful drug exposure decreased over the study period, NSAID exposure in the second and third trimester remains of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Louchet
- UPR7323 “Pharmacology and Drug Evaluatioán in Children and Pregnant Women”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire PREMA, Université Paris Cité, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Mathis Collier
- UPR7323 “Pharmacology and Drug Evaluatioán in Children and Pregnant Women”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Clinical Research Unit, Université de Paris CIC P1419, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Nathanaël Beeker
- UPR7323 “Pharmacology and Drug Evaluatioán in Children and Pregnant Women”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Clinical Research Unit, Université de Paris CIC P1419, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louis Mourier Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution U1137, Université Paris Cité, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Jeanne Sibiude
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louis Mourier Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution U1137, Université Paris Cité, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Laurent Chouchana
- UPR7323 “Pharmacology and Drug Evaluatioán in Children and Pregnant Women”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Department of Perinatal Pediatric and Adult Pharmacology, Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Jean Marc Treluyer
- UPR7323 “Pharmacology and Drug Evaluatioán in Children and Pregnant Women”, Université Paris Cité, Paris, Île-de-France, France
- Clinical Research Unit, Université de Paris CIC P1419, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aydin M, Guven Ezer B, Rencuzogullari E. The Future of the Teratogenicity Testing. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:143-150. [PMID: 38285336 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine the importance, possible advantages and disadvantages of teratogenicity tests, and their future. For this purpose, numerous sources have been scanned in the field of teratogenicity. Although there are many methods related to teratogenic studies and very important studies have been made in this field, there are still serious deficiencies. There are advantages and disadvantages of in vitro and in vivo classical tests that have been used so far. The current status of in vivo tests is a matter of debate, especially due to the use of experimental animals. However, in vitro tests that do not perform the distribution and metabolism of chemicals also raise doubts in determination of teratogenicity. Despite the modern approaches of molecular biology and genetics and the best diagnostic techniques, the real cause of more than half of congenital diseases is still not understood. In this sense, the importance and necessity of teratogenic tests are understood once again. It is necessary to develop faster, reliable, and inexpensive techniques to replace traditional in vivo tests. It is important to disseminate harmless and reliable imaging techniques such as micro-CT. The use of European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) scientifically validated and approved in vitro tests such as embryonic stem cell test (EST), micro mass test (MM), and whole embryo culture (WEC) tests in routine screening can provide a solution in a shorter time than the classical tests. Improving these tests and developing new tests can help to solve the problem permanently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Aydin
- Department of Biology, Science and Letters Faculty, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Banu Guven Ezer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Graduate Education, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Eyyup Rencuzogullari
- Department of Biology, Science and Letters Faculty, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Calado AM, Seixas F, Pires MDA. Updating an Overview of Teratology. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:1-38. [PMID: 38285332 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors aim to update an overview of the principles of teratology, beginning with the definition of teratology, the critical point at which this process occurs, and some of the most common etiological agents that improve our understanding of teratology.Modern teratology has greatly improved in recent years with advances in new methods in molecular biology, toxicology, animal laboratory science, and genetics, increasing our knowledge of ambient influences. Nevertheless, there is a lot to do to reduce the influence of hazardous intervening agents, whether they target our genetics or not, that can negatively affect pregnancy and induce congenital development disorders, including morphological, biochemical, or behavioral defects.Certain agents might indeed be related to certain defects, but we have not been able to identify the cause of most congenital defects, which highlights the importance of finding and testing out new genetics techniques and conducting laboratory animal science to unravel the etiology and pathogenicity of each congenital defect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Calado
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Banerjee M, Das A, Chatterjee P, Banerjee S. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Assays to Predict Developmental Toxicity. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:181-199. [PMID: 38285339 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Human beings are continuously exposed to various toxic substances throughout their lives, which affect their reproductive health and eventually the offspring they give birth to. Mainly, these toxins damage the heart and neurological development of the newborn, but most recently, they have begun to affect the musculoskeletal system as well. These toxins are usually present in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, or even the polluted air that people breathe; as a result, the prevalence of birth defects is steadily rising. For this reason, it becomes a necessity to deploy a new set of assays to test for such toxins in industries to decrease the occurrence of developmental toxicity. These assays are exceedingly expensive when carried out conventionally using animal models or cells from such sources and have a lower predictive value due to the vast variation between animals and humans. To overcome such major problems, human pluripotent stem cells are now frequently used for these assays. These cells are easily available, are quickly generated from somatic cells (induce pluripotent stem cells), can be of human origin without harming people, and eliminate animal harm, which makes them the top choice of scientists for carrying out any in vitro developmental toxicity assays.This chapter, therefore, provides an overview of several steps that can be used to predict a compound's developmental toxicity by utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. Here, the easiest and most effective procedure has been outlined that can screen many compounds simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Banerjee
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Aritrika Das
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Prarthana Chatterjee
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fogliano C, Motta CM, Acloque H, Avallone B, Carotenuto R. Water contamination by delorazepam induces epigenetic defects in the embryos of the clawed frog Xenopus laevis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165300. [PMID: 37414173 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Delorazepam, a derivative of diazepam, is a psychotropic drug belonging to the benzodiazepine class. Used as a nervous-system inhibitor, it treats anxiety, insomnia, and epilepsy, but is also associated with misuse and abuse. Nowadays benzodiazepines are considered emerging pollutants: conventional wastewater treatment plants indeed are unable to eliminate these compounds. Consequently, they persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in non-target aquatic organisms with consequences still not fully clear. To collect more information, we investigated the possible epigenetic activity of delorazepam, at three concentrations (1, 5 and 10 μg/L) using Xenopus laevis embryos as a model. Analyses demonstrated a significant increase in genomic DNA methylation and differential methylation of the promoters of some early developmental genes (otx2, sox3, sox9, pax6, rax1, foxf1, and myod1). Moreover, studies on gene expression highlighted an unbalancing in apoptosis/proliferation pathways and an aberrant expression of DNA-repair genes. Results are alarming considering the growing trend of benzodiazepine concentrations in superficial waters, especially after the peak occurred as a consequence of the pandemic COVID-19, and the fact that benzodiazepine GABA-A receptors are highly conserved and present in all aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fogliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Motta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Hervé Acloque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bice Avallone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosa Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Myden A, Stalford SA, Fowkes A, White E, Hirose A, Yamada T. Enhancing developmental and reproductive toxicity knowledge: A new AOP stemming from glutathione depletion. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100124. [PMID: 37808440 PMCID: PMC10556594 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated approaches to testing and assessments (IATAs) have been proposed as a method to organise new approach methodologies in order to replace traditional animal testing for chemical safety assessments. To capture the mechanistic aspects of toxicity assessments, IATAs can be framed around the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept. To utilise AOPs fully in this context, a sufficient number of pathways need to be present to develop fit for purpose IATAs. In silico approaches can support IATA through the provision of predictive models and also through data integration to derive conclusions using a weight-of-evidence approach. To examine the maturity of a developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) AOP network derived from the literature, an assessment of its coverage was performed against a novel toxicity dataset. A dataset of diverse compounds, with data from studies performed according to OECD test guidelines TG-421 and TG-422, was curated to test the performance of an in silico model based on the AOP network - allowing for the identification of knowledge gaps within the network. One such gap in the knowledge was filled through the development of an AOP stemming from the molecular initiating event 'glutathione reaction with an electrophile' leading to male fertility toxicity. The creation of the AOP provided the mechanistic rationale for the curation of pre-existing structural alerts to relevant key events. Integrating this new knowledge and associated alerts into the DART AOP network will improve its coverage of DART-relevant chemical space. In addition, broadening the coverage of AOPs for a particular regulatory endpoint may facilitate the development of, and confidence in, robust IATAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alun Myden
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne A. Stalford
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Fowkes
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Emma White
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-9501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McDonnell P, Fornell P, Ponce S, Dyer L. Baseline heart rate in infants with prenatal alcohol exposure: A systematic review and independent analysis. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:474-487. [PMID: 36515170 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with fetal alcohol syndrome exhibit a range of developmental anomalies, many related to the heart (e.g., decreased heart rate variability). However, the baseline heart rate in this population remains unclear. We hypothesized that the age at which heart rate was measured or the age during exposure to alcohol affects the baseline heart rate. METHODS First, we conducted a systemic review to determine the published heart rate of infants with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Exclusion criteria included potentially confounding factors, including the commonly associated phenotypes of small for gestational age and premature birth. Risk of bias was evaluated based on case study limitations, and data were compared with established heart rate norms. Then, we evaluated the precise age at heart rate measurement using existing datasets from the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Maternal Lifestyle Study. RESULTS Based on the weighted means of six studies, the baseline heart rate was 4.6 bpm higher in infants with PAE (n = 253) than in control infants (n = 152). Using the individual patient data, baseline heart rates were similar between age-matched infants with PAE and control infants who were born full-term and showed no signs of growth restriction (ANOVA, p > .05; n = 49-124 infants per age and exposure). CONCLUSIONS A systematic literature review suggested that heart rate is elevated in infants with PAE, but these findings are limited by the number of studies and how few studies included control infants. The analysis of individual patient data indicates that infants with PAE have normal baseline heart rates. This knowledge may help clinicians detect changes in cardiac function in infants with PAE. (Registered via PROSPERO, #CRD42020191212.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peyton McDonnell
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Pia Fornell
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Ponce
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura Dyer
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Benefits and Risks of Antidepressant Drugs During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Meta-analyses. Paediatr Drugs 2023; 25:247-265. [PMID: 36853497 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-023-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prescription of antidepressant drugs during pregnancy has been steadily increasing for several decades. Meta-analyses (MAs), which increase the statistical power and precision of results, have gained interest for assessing the safety of antidepressant drugs during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a meta-review of MAs assessing the benefits and risks of antidepressant drug use during pregnancy. METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search on PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted on 25 October, 2021, on MAs assessing the association between antidepressant drug use during pregnancy and health outcomes for the pregnant women, embryo, fetus, newborn, and developing child. Study selection and data extraction were carried out independently and in duplicate by two authors. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated with the AMSTAR-2 tool. Overlap among MAs was assessed by calculating the corrected covered area. Data were presented in a narrative synthesis, using four levels of evidence. RESULTS Fifty-one MAs were included, all but one assessing risks. These provided evidence for a significant increase in the risks for major congenital malformations (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, paroxetine, fluoxetine, no evidence for sertraline; eight MAs), congenital heart defects (paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline; 11 MAs), preterm birth (eight MAs), neonatal adaptation symptoms (eight MAs), and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (three MAs). There was limited evidence (only one MA for each outcome) for a significant increase in the risks for postpartum hemorrhage, and with a high risk of bias, for stillbirth, impaired motor development, and intellectual disability. There was inconclusive evidence, i.e., discrepant results, for an increase in the risks for spontaneous abortion, small for gestational age and low birthweight, respiratory distress, convulsions, feeding problems, and for a subsequent risk for autism with an early antidepressant drug exposure. Finally, MAs provided no evidence for an increase in the risks for gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and for a subsequent risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Only one MA assessed benefits, providing limited evidence for preventing relapse in severe or recurrent depression. Effect sizes were small, except for neonatal symptoms (small to large). Results were based on MAs in which overall methodological quality was low (AMSTAR-2 score = 54.8% ± 12.9%, [19-81%]), with a high risk of bias, notably indication bias. The corrected covered area was 3.27%, which corresponds to a slight overlap. CONCLUSIONS This meta-review has implications for clinical practice and future research. First, these results suggest that antidepressant drugs should be used as a second-line treatment during pregnancy (after first-line psychotherapy, according to the guidelines). The risk of major congenital malformations could be prevented by observing guidelines that discourage the use of paroxetine and fluoxetine. Second, to decrease heterogeneity and bias, future MAs should adjust for maternal psychiatric disorders and antidepressant drug dosage, and perform analyses by timing of exposure.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren T, Lee PMY, Li F, Li J. Prenatal Carbamazepine Exposure and Academic Performance in Adolescents: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Neurology 2023; 100:e728-e738. [PMID: 36323520 PMCID: PMC9969917 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate whether children born to mothers who used carbamazepine during pregnancy had worse academic performance in adolescence. METHODS This population-based cohort study included all live-born singletons in Denmark between 1996 and 2002 who participated in the national ninth-grade exit examination (n = 370,859). Those born to mothers with prescription of antiseizure medications other than carbamazepine during pregnancy were excluded. We examined the association of in utero exposure to maternal carbamazepine redeemed during pregnancy (n = 290) with academic performance of offspring, defined by the scores in Danish and mathematics in ninth-grade exit examination. We estimated mean z-score difference with linear regression adjusted for socioeconomic factors and potential indications, including epilepsy and medication for other psychiatric disorders. Additional analyses addressing confounding by indication included comparison between in utero exposed vs past exposed and between past exposed and never exposed. In utero exposure to valproate monotherapy was used as a positive control and in utero exposure to lamotrigine as a negative control. RESULTS At the age of 16.1 (SD 0.4) years, adolescents in utero exposed to maternal carbamazepine monotherapy had lower scores both in Danish and mathematics in ninth-grade exit examination (adjusted z-score difference, -0.14 [95% CI -0.24 to -0.05] and -0.17 [95% CI -0.28 to -0.07], respectively). In utero exposure to carbamazepine monotherapy was associated with lower scores than past exposure only (adjusted z-score difference, -0.24 [95% CI -0.41 to -0.06] for Danish and -0.25 [95% CI -0.44 to -0.06] for mathematics), while past exposure to carbamazepine was associated with minor decrease in offspring's academic performance (adjusted z-score difference, -0.02 [95% CI -0.09 to 0.06] for Danish and -0.07 [95% CI -0.16 to 0.01] for mathematics). The association was also observed for in utero exposure to valproate monotherapy, but not for in utero exposure to lamotrigine. DISCUSSION In utero exposure to carbamazepine was associated with poorer academic performance in adolescence, as represented by lower scores in ninth-grade exit examination in Danish and mathematics. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings because of limitations in this study and variable findings in prior studies. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that academic performance, as reflected in ninth-grade exit examinations in Danish and mathematics, was worse among those exposed to carbamazepine monotherapy in utero, compared with those without in utero exposure to antiseizure medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei Li
- From the Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (T.R., F.L.), Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Department of Clinical Medicine-Department of Clinical Epidemiology (P.M.Y.L., J.L.), Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care (F.L.), Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Jiong Li
- From the Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health (T.R., F.L.), Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; Department of Clinical Medicine-Department of Clinical Epidemiology (P.M.Y.L., J.L.), Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; and Department of Developmental and Behavioural Paediatric & Child Primary Care (F.L.), Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121846. [PMID: 36553290 PMCID: PMC9777067 DOI: 10.3390/children9121846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OFCs (orofacial clefts) are among the most frequent congenital defects, but their etiology has yet to be clarified. OFCs affect different structures and functions with social, psychological and economic implications in children and their families. Identifying modifiable risk factors is mandatory to prevent the occurrence of non-syndromic OFCs (NSOFCs). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from 1 January 2012 to 25 May 2022 and a total of 7668 publications were identified. Studies focusing on the risk factors of NSOFCs were selected, leading to 62 case-control and randomized clinical trials. Risk factors were categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable. The first group includes genetic polymorphisms, gender of the newborn, ethnicity, and familiarity. Within the second group, risk factors that can only be modified before conception (consanguinity, parental age at conception, socio-economical and educational level, area of residency and climate), and risk factors modifiable before and after conception (weight, nutritional state, acute and chronic diseases, psychophysical stress, licit and illicit drugs, alcohol, smoke, pollutants and contaminants) have been distinguished. This study provides a wide overview of the risk factors of NSOFCs, focusing on modifiable ones, to suggest new perspectives in education, prevention, medical interventions and clinical research.
Collapse
|
17
|
Challa AP, Niu X, Garrison EA, Van Driest SL, Bastarache LM, Lippmann ES, Lavieri RR, Goldstein JA, Aronoff DM. Medication history-wide association studies for pharmacovigilance of pregnant patients. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:115. [PMID: 36124058 PMCID: PMC9481638 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Systematic exclusion of pregnant people from interventional clinical trials has created a public health emergency for millions of patients through a dearth of robust safety data for common drugs.
Methods
We harnessed an enterprise collection of 2.8 M electronic health records (EHRs) from routine care, leveraging data linkages between mothers and their babies to detect drug safety signals in this population at full scale. Our mixed-methods signal detection approach stimulates new hypotheses for post-marketing surveillance agnostically of both drugs and diseases—by identifying 1,054 drugs historically prescribed to pregnant patients; developing a quantitative, medication history-wide association study; and integrating a qualitative evidence synthesis platform using expert clinician review for integration of biomedical specificity—to test the effects of maternal exposure to diverse drugs on the incidence of neurodevelopmental defects in their children.
Results
We replicated known teratogenic risks and existing knowledge on drug structure-related teratogenicity; we also highlight 5 common drug classes for which we believe this work warrants updated assessment of their safety.
Conclusion
Here, we present roots of an agile framework to guide enhanced medication regulations, as well as the ontological and analytical limitations that currently restrict the integration of real-world data into drug safety management during pregnancy. This research is not a replacement for inclusion of pregnant people in prospective clinical studies, but it presents a tractable team science approach to evaluating the utility of EHRs for new regulatory review programs—towards improving the delicate equipoise of accuracy and ethics in assessing drug safety in pregnancy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ciallella HL, Russo DP, Sharma S, Li Y, Sloter E, Sweet L, Huang H, Zhu H. Predicting Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Based On the Combination of Chemical Structures and Biological Data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5984-5998. [PMID: 35451820 PMCID: PMC9191745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
For hazard identification, classification, and labeling purposes, animal testing guidelines are required by law to evaluate the developmental toxicity potential of new and existing chemical products. However, guideline developmental toxicity studies are costly, time-consuming, and require many laboratory animals. Computational modeling has emerged as a promising, animal-sparing, and cost-effective method for evaluating the developmental toxicity potential of chemicals, such as endocrine disruptors, without the use of animals. We aimed to develop a predictive and explainable computational model for developmental toxicants. To this end, a comprehensive dataset of 1244 chemicals with developmental toxicity classifications was curated from public repositories and literature sources. Data from 2140 toxicological high-throughput screening assays were extracted from PubChem and the ToxCast program for this dataset and combined with information about 834 chemical fragments to group assays based on their chemical-mechanistic relationships. This effort revealed two assay clusters containing 83 and 76 assays, respectively, with high positive predictive rates for developmental toxicants identified with animal testing guidelines (PPV = 72.4 and 77.3% during cross-validation). These two assay clusters can be used as developmental toxicity models and were applied to predict new chemicals for external validation. This study provides a new strategy for constructing alternative chemical developmental toxicity evaluations that can be replicated for other toxicity modeling studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Ciallella
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Daniel P. Russo
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
| | - Swati Sharma
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Yafan Li
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Eddie Sloter
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Len Sweet
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
- Corresponding Author333 Hao Zhu, 201 South Broadway, Joint Health Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08103; Telephone: (856) 225-6781;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Piersma AH, Baker NC, Daston GP, Flick B, Fujiwara M, Knudsen TB, Spielmann H, Suzuki N, Tsaioun K, Kojima H. Pluripotent Stem Cell Assays: Modalities and Applications For Predictive Developmental Toxicity. Curr Res Toxicol 2022; 3:100074. [PMID: 35633891 PMCID: PMC9130094 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic scoping review of the literature evaluated the embryonic stem cell test (EST). 1533 publications included 18 publications testing 10 or more compounds in human or mouse EST. Selected case examples included 5-fluorouracil, thalidomide, and caffeine. Applicability, limitations, and recommendations for further work are discussed.
This manuscript provides a review focused on embryonic stem cell-based models and their place within the landscape of alternative developmental toxicity assays. Against the background of the principles of developmental toxicology, the wide diversity of alternative methods using pluripotent stem cells developed in this area over the past half century is reviewed. In order to provide an overview of available models, a systematic scoping review was conducted following a published protocol with inclusion criteria, which were applied to select the assays. Critical aspects including biological domain, readout endpoint, availability of standardized protocols, chemical domain, reproducibility and predictive power of each assay are described in detail, in order to review the applicability and limitations of the platform in general and progress moving forward to implementation. The horizon of innovative routes of promoting regulatory implementation of alternative methods is scanned, and recommendations for further work are given.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee J, Jeong JS, Kim SY, Kim W, Lee SY, Park JD, Oh JH, Park D, Lee SJ, Baek SK, Quah Y, Nam SY, Yu WJ. Bis-diamine administration during pregnancy induces developmental and reproductive toxicities in rats. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:509-524. [PMID: 35365952 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bis-diamine was developed as amebicidal and male contraceptive agents; however, it is also reported to induce characteristic congenital heart defects especially in the cardiac conotruncal area of rats. Because of its characteristic congenital heart defects, bis-diamine-induced animal models can be used for studying congenital heart defects. However, comprehensive toxicological information regarding bis-diamine-induced congenital heart defects in this animal model is not available. METHODS In this study, we investigated and characterized an animal model for bis-diamine-induced congenital heart defects. A single dose of 200-mg bis-diamine was administered by oral gavage to pregnant rats on gestation day 10, and then observed the representative toxicological endpoints for general systemic health of pregnant rats, embryo-fetal development, and parturition. RESULTS Characteristic congenital heart defects and other birth defects similar to DiGeorge syndrome were observed in bis-diamine-administered pregnant rats. In addition, developmental and reproductive toxicity findings, including increased postimplantation loss, decreased fetal weight, increased perinatal death, and increased gestation period, were observed in bis-diamine-administered pregnant rats. In particular, these developmental and reproductive toxicities were observed without maternal toxicity findings. CONCLUSION These results will be useful to use this animal model for further studies in congenital heart defects, cardiovascular defects, and understanding their mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Lee
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Seong Jeong
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woojin Kim
- Toxicological Pathology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Dong Park
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ki Baek
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yixian Quah
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wook-Joon Yu
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fischer J, Di Donato N. Diagnostic pitfalls in patients with malformations of cortical development. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 37:123-128. [PMID: 35228169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) are a major source of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric patient cohort. Correct diagnosis of the cause is essential for symptom management, disease prognosis and family counselling but is frequently hampered due to numerous potential pitfalls in the diagnostic process. This review highlights potential problems that either prevent the establishment of a diagnosis or are the sources of diagnostic errors. The focus is placed on hereditary causes of MCDs and strategies will be proposed to circumvent potential diagnostic pitfalls. Errors may occur during variant detection, filtering, or interpretation in relation to patient's phenotype. Based on detailed clinical assessment suitable targeted and untargeted methods to identify pathogenic variants with context-dependent filtering and evaluation approaches will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fischer
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Egloff C, Couffignal C, Cordier AG, Deruelle P, Sibiude J, Anselem O, Benachi A, Luton D, Mandelbrot L, Vauloup-Fellous C, Vivanti AJ, Picone O. Pregnant women's perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine: A French survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263512. [PMID: 35130318 PMCID: PMC8820613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pregnant women are at increased risk for COVID-19, and COVID-19 vaccine is the most promising solution to overcome the current pandemic. This study was conducted to evaluate pregnant women’s perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Materials & methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 18 to April 5 2021. An anonymous survey was distributed in 7 French obstetrics departments to all pregnant women before a prenatal visit. All pregnant women attending a follow-up consultation were asked to participate in the study. An anonymous web survey was available through a QR code and participants were asked whether or not they would agree to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and why. The questionnaire included questions on the patients’ demographics and their knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines. Results Of the 664 pregnant women who completed the questionnaire, 29.5% (95% CI 27.7; 31.3) indicated they would agree to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The main reason for not agreeing was being more afraid of potential side effects of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on the fetus than of COVID-19. Factors influencing acceptance of vaccination were: being slightly older, multiparity, having discussed it with a caregiver and acceptance of the influenza vaccine. Discussion Nearly one-third of pregnant women in this population would be willing to be vaccinated. In addition to studies establishing fetal safety, public health agencies and healthcare professionals should provide accurate information about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Egloff
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Nord, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Camille Couffignal
- FHU PREMA, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Clinical Research, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Paris, France
| | - Anne Gael Cordier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Beclere Hospital, Paris Saclay University, AP-HP, Clamart, France
| | - Philippe Deruelle
- Pôle de gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jeanne Sibiude
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Nord, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Anselem
- Maternité Port-Royal, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Beclere Hospital, Paris Saclay University, AP-HP, Clamart, France
| | - Dominique Luton
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, Paris, France
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, FHU Prematurity, Bichat Hospital Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Nord, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Vélizy, France
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre J. Vivanti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Antoine Beclere Hospital, Paris Saclay University, AP-HP, Clamart, France
| | - Olivier Picone
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Nord, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, Paris, France
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Vélizy, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gene regulation by morpholines and piperidines in the cardiac embryonic stem cell test. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115781. [PMID: 34737147 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac embryonic stem cell test (ESTc) is an in vitro embryotoxicity screen which uses cardiomyocyte formation as the main differentiation route. Studies are ongoing into whether an improved specification of the biological domain can broaden the applicability of the test, e.g. to discriminate between structurally similar chemicals by measuring expression of dedicated gene transcript biomarkers. We explored this with two chemical classes: morpholines (tridemorph; fenpropimorph) and piperidines (fenpropidin; spiroxamine). These compounds cause embryotoxicity in rat such as cleft palate. This malformation can be linked to interference with retinoic acid balance, neural crest (NC) cell migration, or cholesterol biosynthesis. Also neural differentiation within the ESTc was explored in relation to these compounds. Gene transcript expression of related biomarkers were measured at low and high concentrations on differentiation day 4 (DD4) and DD10. All compounds showed stimulating effects on the cholesterol biosynthesis related marker Msmo1 after 24 h exposure and tridemorph showed inhibition of Cyp26a1 which codes for one of the enzymes that metabolises retinoic acid. A longer exposure duration enhanced expression levels for differentiation markers for cardiomyocytes (Nkx2-5; Myh6) and neural cells (Tubb3) on DD10. This readout gave additional mechanistic insight which enabled previously unavailable in vitro discrimination between the compounds, showing the practical utility of specifying the biological domain of the ESTc.
Collapse
|
24
|
Akhtar MF, Younas S, Saleem A, Baig MMFA, Sharif A, Abdel-Daim MM, Rasul A, Saleem M. Maternotoxicity and fetotoxicity in Rattus norvegicus albinus exposed to tramadol during the late phase of pregnancy. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1407-1421. [PMID: 34553514 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tramadol, an atypical opioid, is clinically efficacious in treating moderate to severe pain. The aim of current study was to find out the toxicological effects of tramadol exposure to pregnant rats and fetuses during the late phase of pregnancy. METHODS Wistar pregnant rats were exposed to 1.25, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg/day tramadol from 14th to 20th day of pregnancy. The same therapy was given to nonpregnant rats for 7 days. The body weight, oral glucose and lipid tolerance tests, and effect on complete blood parameters in both pregnant and nonpregnant rats were determined. On 20th day, maternal placentas were excised and weighed while fetuses were observed for any deformity and growth retardation. Oxidative stress biomarkers were estimated in the liver and kidney tissue homogenates of the pregnant and nonpregnant rats while the whole fetus homogenate was processed for the same. Moreover, histopathology of the liver and kidney of pregnant and nonpregnant rats were carried out. RESULTS Tramadol administration did not significantly alter the area under curve of the blood glucose and triglyceride levels in both the pregnant and nonpregnant rats. It reduced the live fetuses, placental weights, fetal length, and fetal weights. Tramadol treated pregnant rats showed significantly (p < .05) reduced red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelets with reference to control group. Similarly, structural abnormalities and malfunctioning of the liver and kidney of pregnant rats were instituted; however, it did not affect the structural integrity of nonpregnant rats. A substantial (p < .001-.0001) altered glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in the fetuses, pregnant, and nonpregnant animals (tissue homogenates) at all dosage levels were indicative of tramadol induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, tramadol exposure resulted in more significant (p < .01-.001) alteration of lipid profile in the pregnant than the nonpregnant animals. CONCLUSION Acquired results suggested the maternotoxic and fetotoxic effects of tramadol exposure during the late gestation period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Younas
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig
- Research and Biomedical Engineering for Novel Biofunctional, and Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Assessment of the Activity of Decoquinate and Its Quinoline- O-Carbamate Derivatives against Toxoplasma gondii In Vitro and in Pregnant Mice Infected with T. gondii Oocysts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216393. [PMID: 34770802 PMCID: PMC8587999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quinolone decoquinate (DCQ) is widely used in veterinary practice for the treatment of bacterial and parasitic infections, most notably, coccidiosis in poultry and in ruminants. We have investigated the effects of treatment of Toxoplasma gondii in infected human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) with DCQ. This induced distinct alterations in the parasite mitochondrion within 24 h, which persisted even after long-term (500 nM, 52 days) treatment, although there was no parasiticidal effect. Based on the low half-maximal effective concentration (IC50) of 1.1 nM and the high selectivity index of >5000, the efficacy of oral treatment of pregnant mice experimentally infected with T. gondii oocysts with DCQ at 10 mg/kg/day for 5 days was assessed. However, the treatment had detrimental effects, induced higher neonatal mortality than T. gondii infection alone, and did not prevent vertical transmission. Thus, three quinoline-O-carbamate derivatives of DCQ, anticipated to have better physicochemical properties than DCQ, were assessed in vitro. One such compound, RMB060, displayed an exceedingly low IC50 of 0.07 nM, when applied concomitantly with the infection of host cells and had no impact on HFF viability at 10 µM. As was the case for DCQ, RMB060 treatment resulted in the alteration of the mitochondrial matrix and loss of cristae, but the changes became apparent at just 6 h after the commencement of treatment. After 48 h, RMB060 induced the expression of the bradyzoite antigen BAG1, but TEM did not reveal any other features reminiscent of bradyzoites. The exposure of infected cultures to 300 nM RMB060 for 52 days did not result in the complete killing of all tachyzoites, although mitochondria remained ultrastructurally damaged and there was a slower proliferation rate. The treatment of mice infected with T. gondii oocysts with RMB060 did reduce parasite burden in non-pregnant mice and dams, but vertical transmission to pups could not be prevented.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ikumi NM, Anumba D, Matjila M. Pharmacokinetics and placental transfer of dolutegravir in pregnancy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:283-289. [PMID: 34618029 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dolutegravir is currently recommended by the WHO as the preferred first-line treatment for all people with HIV, including pregnant women. Estimates indicate that, by 2024, nearly 22 million adults in low- and middle-income countries will have transitioned to dolutegravir-based ART. It is therefore critical that there is a clear appreciation and understanding of the risks that may be associated with in utero exposure to dolutegravir. In this review we consolidate data from studies on dolutegravir and the placenta. The studies have largely focused on the pharmacokinetics and placental transfer of dolutegravir in pregnancy. These include studies on transplacental transfer of dolutegravir, ex vivo placenta perfusion models, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models and animal studies. The data available clearly demonstrate that placental transfer of dolutegravir occurs in moderate to high concentrations. Intracellular placental dolutegravir has been demonstrated in the placental villous tissue. There are limited data suggesting that pregnancy is associated with decreased maternal dolutegravir levels. In addition, PBPK models have great potential in predicting the passage of drugs through the placenta and further contributing towards the elucidation of fetal exposure. The animal studies available demonstrate that in utero dolutegravir exposure can be associated with neural tube defects. Taking into consideration that antiretroviral exposure may be associated with poor placental development or function and increased risk of adverse effects to the fetus, it is crucially important that these risks are evaluated, especially with the rapid scale up of dolutegravir-based ART into national treatment programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M Ikumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dilly Anumba
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mushi Matjila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pereira G, Surita FG, Ferracini AC, Madeira CDS, Oliveira LS, Mazzola PG. Self-Medication Among Pregnant Women: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659503. [PMID: 34552478 PMCID: PMC8450335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The pregnancy period, with its peculiarities and specific symptoms that may or may not be physiological, can lead to medication use through prescription or even self-medication. This study aimed to assess self-medication practices among pregnant women, the most used medications, symptoms reported, and factors associated with this practice. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with pregnant women with an antenatal care (ANC) appointment in a tertiary teaching hospital referral in women's health. From April 2019 to February 2020, 297 pregnant women were interviewed. Self-medication was considered as the use of any medicine (including medicinal plants (MPs), herbal products, and vitamins) without a medical or dental prescription. The period considered to assess self-medication practice was the last 60 days prior to the study interview. Results: Among the 297 women interviewed, 107 (36.0%) had practiced self-medication in the previous 60 days. Acetaminophen was the most used medication, and headache was the most frequent symptom reported by self-medicated pregnant women. Pregnant women with high-school (73 (68.2%) (OR = 2.52; 95% CI 1.17-5.43; p = 0.018)) or university-level (23 (21.5%) (OR = 2.82; 95% CI 1.15-6.94; p = 0.024)) education had a higher risk of practicing self-medication when compared to women with lower education. Women in the first gestational trimester (35 (32.7%) (OR = 3.61; 95% CI 1.64-7.96; p = 0.002)) and with two or more pregnancies (87 (81.2%) (OR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.07-3.60; p = 0.029)) were more likely to practice self-medication than pregnant women in the second or third gestational trimester and in the first pregnancy, respectively. Conclusion: Self-medication was practiced by a considerable proportion of our sample, with the majority being OTC drugs. The factors associated with self-medication can help to improve prevention strategies regarding self-medication during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pereira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Garanhani Surita
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amanda Canato Ferracini
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cinthia de Souza Madeira
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Letícia Silva Oliveira
- School of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alsfouk BA, Almarzouqi MR, Alsfouk AA, Alageel S, Alsemari A. Antiseizure medications use during pregnancy and congenital malformations: A retrospective study in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:939-945. [PMID: 34588839 PMCID: PMC8463505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the incidence of congenital malformations in children exposed prenatally to antiseizure medications (ASMs), to assess other perinatal and fetal complications, and to determine the potential predictors for these complications. METHOD A retrospective review of pregnancy outcomes of women with epilepsy. Patients were followed up at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between Dec 1993 and Oct 2020. RESULTS Of 162 pregnancies included, 10 (6.17%) congenital malformations were observed, 6.82% in ASM-exposed babies versus 3.33% in babies of epilepsy-untreated mothers (P = 0.69). The overall incidence of perinatal and fetal complications was 53%; most frequent were low birth weight (24%), preterm birth (19%), transfer to neonatal intensive care unit (18%) and abortion (8%). These complications were higher in the untreated group (66.67%) than in the ASM group (50%). The use of other non-antiseizure medications during pregnancy was the only factor that significantly increased the risk of complications. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to ASMs was associated with increased risk of congenital malformations. However, overall perinatal and fetal complications were higher in the untreated group than in the ASM group, which could be explained by maternal seizures. Therefore, taking ASMs to control epilepsy and prevent perinatal complications may outweigh the risks of teratogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bshra A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Rashed Almarzouqi
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alageel
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alsemari
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Baines RP, Wolton K, Thompson CRL. Dictyostelium discoideum: an alternative non-animal model for developmental toxicity testing. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:302-318. [PMID: 34387693 PMCID: PMC8538044 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical aspect of toxicity evaluation is developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) testing. Traditionally, DART testing has been conducted in vivo in mammalian model systems. New legislation aimed at reducing animal use and the prohibitive costs associated with DART testing, together with a need to understand the genetic pathways underlying developmental toxicity means there is a growing demand for alternative model systems for toxicity evaluation. Here we explore the potential of the eukaryotic social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, which is already widely used as a simple model system for cell and developmental biology, as a potential nonanimal model for DART testing. We developed assays for high-throughput screening of toxicity during D. discoideum growth and development. This allowed the toxicity of a broad range of test compounds to be characterized, which revealed that D. discoideum can broadly predict mammalian toxicity. In addition, we show that this system can be used to perform functional genomic screens to compare the molecular modes of action of different compounds. For example, genome-wide screens for mutations that affect lithium and valproic acid toxicity allowed common and unique biological targets and molecular processes mediating their toxicity to be identified. These studies illustrate that D. discoideum could represent a predictive nonanimal model for DART testing due to its amenability to high-throughput approaches and molecular genetic tractability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Baines
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kathryn Wolton
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, RG42 6EY Bracknell, Berkshire
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Adibi JJ, Layden AJ, Birru RL, Miragaia A, Xun X, Smith MC, Yin Q, Millenson ME, O’Connor TG, Barrett ES, Snyder NW, Peddada S, Mitchell RT. First trimester mechanisms of gestational sac placental and foetal teratogenicity: a framework for birth cohort studies. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:747-770. [PMID: 33675653 PMCID: PMC8222765 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of the gestational sac (GS) and the placenta in the closely related processes of embryogenesis and teratogenicity in the first trimester has been minimally described. The prevailing assumption is that direct teratogenic effects are mediated by the critical extraembryonic organ, the placenta, which either blocks or transfers exposures to the foetus. Placental transfer is a dominant mechanism, but there are other paradigms by which the placenta can mediate teratogenic effects. Knowledge of these paradigms and first trimester human developmental biology can be useful to the epidemiologist in the conduct of biomarker-based studies of both maternal and child health. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Our aim is to provide a causal framework for modelling the teratogenic effects of first trimester exposures on child health outcomes mediated by the GS and placenta using biomarker data collected in the first trimester. We initially present first trimester human developmental biology for the sake of informing and strengthening epidemiologic approaches. We then propose analytic approaches of modelling placental mechanisms by way of causal diagrams using classical non-embryolethal teratogens (diethylstilboestrol [DES], folic acid deficiency and cytomegalovirus [CMV]) as illustrative examples. We extend this framework to two chronic exposures of particular current interest, phthalates and maternal adiposity. SEARCH METHODS Information on teratogens was identified by a non-systematic, narrative review. For each teratogen, we included papers that answered the five following questions: (i) why were these exposures declared teratogens? (ii) is there a consensus on biologic mechanism? (iii) is there reported evidence of a placental mechanism? (iv) can we construct a theoretical model of a placental mechanism? and (v) can this knowledge inform future work on measurement and modelling of placental-foetal teratogenesis? We prioritized literature specific to human development, the organogenesis window in the first trimester and non-embryolethal mechanisms. OUTCOMES As a result of our review of the literature on five exposures considered harmful in the first trimester, we developed four analytic strategies to address first trimester placental mechanisms in birth cohort studies: placental transfer and direct effects on the foetus (DES and maternal adiposity), indirect effects through targeted placental molecular pathways (DES and phthalates), pre-placental effects through disruptions in embryonic and extraembryonic tissue layer differentiation (folic acid deficiency), and multi-step mechanisms that involve maternal, placental and foetal immune function and inflammation (DES and CMV). WIDER IMPLICATIONS The significance of this review is to offer a causal approach to classify the large number of potentially harmful exposures in pregnancy when the exposure occurs in the first trimester. Our review will facilitate future research by advancing knowledge of the first trimester mechanisms necessary for researchers to effectively associate environmental exposures with child health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Adibi
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander J Layden
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rahel L Birru
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Miragaia
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan C Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Thomas G O’Connor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
During pregnancy, there are several physiological changes during each trimester that can affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs. Although there is a potential need to understand the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in pregnant patients, therapeutic drug monitoring is not well established for various drug classes due to ethical and safety concerns regarding the neonate. Potential risks from in utero drug exposure to the fetus may impact growth and development and may cause malformations or teratogenesis. The clinician must consider the benefits of drug treatment for the pregnant mother versus the risk to the fetus, before prescribing medications during pregnancy. The objective of this review is to aid clinicians, pharmacists, and laboratorians in understanding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes during pregnancy, to provide drug class recommendations for monitoring therapy throughout pregnancy via therapeutic drug monitoring, and to highlight the recent directives of governing agencies on maternal and fetal health.
Collapse
|
32
|
Mulu GB, Atinafu BT, Tarekegn FN, Adane TD, Tadese M, Wubetu AD, Kebede WM. Factors Associated With Neural Tube Defects Among Newborns Delivered at Debre Berhan Specialized Hospital, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2021. Case-Control Study. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:795637. [PMID: 35295317 PMCID: PMC8918646 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.795637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural tube defects are severe congenital malformations secondary to an abnormal closure of the neural tube between third and fourth weeks of gestational ages. Neural tube defects affect birth outcomes worldwide, with an occurrence of 18.6 per 10,000 live births. In addition, neural tube defects are associated with considerable mortality, morbidity, disability, and socio-economical cost. OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with neural tube defects among newborns delivered at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2021. METHODS Facility-based case-control study design was conducted among 381 (127 cases and 254 controls) newborns delivered from June 2019 to June 2021 at Debre Berhan Specialized Hospital. Consecutive and systematic random sampling techniques were used to select cases and controls, respectively. Data were collected using semi-structured checklists. Finally, data were entered using Epidata version 4.2.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. In the bivariable logistic regression model, factors with a p < 0.20 were entered into multivariable logistic regressions. Statistical significance was declared at a p < 0.05. RESULT In this study, 381 newborns (127 cases and 254 controls) participated with a response rate of 100%. In the logistic regression model, mothers who took medication during pregnancy [AOR 1.83 (95% CI 1.08-3.08)], mothers who did not take a balanced diet during pregnancy [AOR 13.46 (95% CI 7.83-23.13)], and mothers who did not take folic acid before and during the first trimester of pregnancy [AOR 1.71 (95% CI 1.01-2.94)] were significantly associated with neural tube defect. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Mothers who took medication during pregnancy, mothers who did not take balanced diets during pregnancy, and mothers who did not take folic acid during pregnancy were the significant factors of neural tube defects. Health care professionals should focus on maternal safe drug prescription, maternal folate intake, and a balanced diet before and during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getaneh Baye Mulu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Bantalem Tilaye Atinafu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Fetene Nigussie Tarekegn
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Demssew Adane
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Tadese
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Abate Dargie Wubetu
- Department of Pyschiatry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Worku Misganaw Kebede
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mohan H, Lenis MG, Laurette EY, Tejada O, Sanghvi T, Leung KY, Cahill LS, Sled JG, Delgado-Olguín P, Greene NDE, Copp AJ, Serghides L. Dolutegravir in pregnant mice is associated with increased rates of fetal defects at therapeutic but not at supratherapeutic levels. EBioMedicine 2020; 63:103167. [PMID: 33341441 PMCID: PMC7753150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dolutegravir (DTG) is a preferred regimen for all people with HIV including pregnant women, but its effects on the fetus are not fully understood. Periconceptional exposure to DTG has been associated with increased rates of neural tube defects (NTDs), although it is unknown whether this is a causal relationship. This has led to uncertainty around the use of DTG in women of reproductive potential. Methods Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to control (water), 1x-DTG (2.5 mg/kg-peak plasma concentration ~3000 ng/ml – therapeutic level), or 5x-DTG (12.5 mg/kg-peak plasma concentration ~12,000 ng/ml – supratherapeutic level), once daily from gestational day 0.5 until sacrifice. DTG was administered with 50 mg/kg tenofovir+33.3 mg/kg emtricitabine. Fetal phenotypes were determined, and maternal and fetal folate levels were quantified by mass-spectrometry. Findings 352 litters (91 control, 150 1x-DTG, 111 5x-DTG) yielding 2776 fetuses (747 control, 1174 1x-DTG, 855 5x-DTG) were assessed. Litter size and viability rates were similar between groups. Fetal and placenta weights were lower in the 1x-DTG vs. control. Placental weight was higher in the 5x-DTG vs. control. Five NTDs were observed, all in the 1x-DTG group. Fetal defects, including microphthalmia, severe edema, and vascular/bleeding defects were more frequent in the 1x-DTG group. In contrast, defect rates in the 5x-DTG were similar to control. Fetal folate levels were similar between control and 1x-DTG, but were significantly higher in the 5x-DTG group. Interpretation Our findings support a causal relationship of DTG at therapeutic doses with increased risk for fetal defects, including NTDs at a rate that is similar that reported in the Tsepamo study for women exposed to DTG-based ART from conception. The non-monotonic dose-response relationship between DTG and fetal anomalies could explain the previous lack of fetal toxicity findings from pre-clinical DTG studies. The fetal folate levels suggest that DTG is unlikely to be an inhibitor of folate uptake. Funding This project has been funded with Federal funds from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN275201800001I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneesha Mohan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower (PMCRT), University Health Network, 101 College Street, 10th Floor, Room 359, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Monica Guzman Lenis
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower (PMCRT), University Health Network, 101 College Street, 10th Floor, Room 359, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Evelyn Y Laurette
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower (PMCRT), University Health Network, 101 College Street, 10th Floor, Room 359, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Oscar Tejada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower (PMCRT), University Health Network, 101 College Street, 10th Floor, Room 359, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Tanvi Sanghvi
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower (PMCRT), University Health Network, 101 College Street, 10th Floor, Room 359, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kit-Yi Leung
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguín
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Copp
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower (PMCRT), University Health Network, 101 College Street, 10th Floor, Room 359, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Li X, Xiao S, Liu X, Chen X, Xia Q, Lei S, Li H, Zhong Z, Xiao K. The Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Leydig Cells and Male Reproductive Function in Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9499-9514. [PMID: 33281445 PMCID: PMC7709869 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s276606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have shown great promise in various biomedical applications, but their effects on male reproductive function remain to be ascertained. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake, cytotoxicity and testosterone production inhibition of AuNPs in mouse Leydig cells, as well as their accumulation in the testes of male mice and their effects on male reproductive function. Results AuNPs (5 nm) were able to be internalized into the endosomes/lysosomes of TM3 Leydig cells, induce the formation of autophagosomes, increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disrupt the cell cycle in S phase, resulting in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Interestingly, AuNPs significantly reduced testosterone production in TM3 cells by inhibiting the expression of 17α-hydroxylase, an important enzyme in androgen synthesis. After repeated intravenous injection, AuNPs gradually accumulated and retained in the testes of male BALB/c mice in a dose-dependent manner. One week after withdrawal, the level of plasma testosterone in the 0.5 mg/kg AuNPs group was significantly reduced compared to that in the PBS control group, accompanied by the decreased expression of 17α-hydroxylase in the testes. In addition, AuNPs treatment significantly increased the rate of epididymal sperm malformation, but without affecting fertility. Conclusion Our results suggest that AuNPs can accumulate in the testes and reduce testosterone production in Leydig cells by down-regulating the expression of 17α-hydroxylase, thus affecting the quality of epididymal sperm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanming Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyue Xia
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Disease Model Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nikam VS, Singh D, Takawale R, Ghante MR. Zebrafish: An emerging whole-organism screening tool in safety pharmacology. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 52:505-513. [PMID: 33666192 PMCID: PMC8092182 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_482_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, the development in drug discovery is slackening due to drug withdrawal from the market or reported to have postmarket safety events. The vital organ toxicities, especially cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, and neurotoxicity are the major concerns for high drug attrition rates. The pharmaceutical industry is looking for high throughput, high content analysis based novel assays that would be fast, efficient, reproducible, and cost-effective; would address toxicity, the safety of lead molecules, and complement currently used cell-based assays in preclinical testing. The use of zebrafish, a vertebrate screening model, for preclinical testing is increasing owing to the number of advantages and striking similarities with the mammal. The zebrafish embryo development is fast and all vital organs such as the heart, liver, brain, pancreas, and kidneys in zebrafish are functional within 96-120hpf. The maintenance cost of zebrafish is reasonably low as compared to mammalian systems. Due to these features, zebrafish has arisen as a potential experimental screening model in lead identification and validation in the drug efficacy, toxicity, and safety evaluation. Numbers of drugs and chemicals are screened using zebrafish embryos, and results were found to show 100% concordance with mammalian screening data. The application of zebrafish, being a whole-organism screening model, would show a significant reduction in the cost and time required in the drug development process. The present challenge includes complete automation of the zebrafish screening model, i.e., from sorting, imaging of embryos to data analysis to accelerate the therapeutic target identification, and validation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana S. Nikam
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deeksha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohan Takawale
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minal R. Ghante
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kerr SM, Parker SE, Mitchell AA, Tinker SC, Werler MM. Folic acid antagonist use before and during pregnancy and risk for selected birth defects. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1526-1540. [PMID: 32875745 PMCID: PMC10938459 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal folic acid (FA) intake before and during early pregnancy reduces the risk for neural tube defects (NTDs); evidence suggests it may also reduce the risk for oral clefts, urinary defects, and cardiac defects. We sought to re-examine the use of drugs, which affect folate metabolism, dihydrofolate reductase inhibiting (DHFRI) medications, and anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), in data collected in the post-FA fortification era (1998+) in the Slone Birth Defects Study. METHODS We assessed maternal DHFRI and AED use and risk for NTDs, oral clefts, and urinary and cardiac defects. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression. We assessed daily average FA intake of ≥400 mcg as a potential effect modifier. RESULTS We analyzed data from 10,209 control and 9,625 case mothers. Among controls, the prevalence of exposure to DHFRI medications was 0.3% and to AEDs was 0.5%. Maternal use of AEDs was associated with increased risks for NTDs (OR: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.5, 7.5), oral clefts (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3, 4.0), urinary defects (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.7), and cardiac defects (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.3); similar or further increased risks were found among those with FA intake ≥400 mcg per day. DHFRI use was rare and relative risk estimates were imprecise and consistent with the null. CONCLUSIONS Similar to our previous analyses, we observed associations between AED use and these defects. For DHFRI exposure, we found no evidence for increased risk of these defects. Though statistical power to examine FA effect modification was low, we found no evidence of further protection among those with FA intake ≥400 mcg, with some associations somewhat stronger in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Kerr
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Allen A. Mitchell
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah C. Tinker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Martha M. Werler
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bell S, Abedini J, Ceger P, Chang X, Cook B, Karmaus AL, Lea I, Mansouri K, Phillips J, McAfee E, Rai R, Rooney J, Sprankle C, Tandon A, Allen D, Casey W, Kleinstreuer N. An integrated chemical environment with tools for chemical safety testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104916. [PMID: 32553663 PMCID: PMC7393692 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Moving toward species-relevant chemical safety assessments and away from animal testing requires access to reliable data to develop and build confidence in new approaches. The Integrated Chemical Environment (ICE) provides tools and curated data centered around chemical safety assessment. This article describes updates to ICE, including improved accessibility and interpretability of in vitro data via mechanistic target mapping and enhanced interactive tools for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). Mapping of in vitro assay targets to toxicity endpoints of regulatory importance uses literature-based mode-of-action information and controlled terminology from existing knowledge organization systems to support data interoperability with external resources. The most recent ICE update includes Tox21 high-throughput screening data curated using analytical chemistry data and assay-specific parameters to eliminate potential artifacts or unreliable activity. Also included are physicochemical/ADME parameters for over 800,000 chemicals predicted by quantitative structure-activity relationship models. These parameters are used by the new ICE IVIVE tool in combination with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's httk R package to estimate in vivo exposures corresponding to in vitro bioactivity concentrations from stored or user-defined assay data. These new ICE features allow users to explore the applications of an expanded data space and facilitate building confidence in non-animal approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Bell
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Jaleh Abedini
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Xiaoqing Chang
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Bethany Cook
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Agnes L Karmaus
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Isabel Lea
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Kamel Mansouri
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jason Phillips
- Sciome LLC, 2 Davis Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Eric McAfee
- Sciome LLC, 2 Davis Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Ruhi Rai
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - John Rooney
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Catherine Sprankle
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Arpit Tandon
- Sciome LLC, 2 Davis Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - David Allen
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Warren Casey
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Challa AP, Beam AL, Shen M, Peryea T, Lavieri RR, Lippmann ES, Aronoff DM. Machine learning on drug-specific data to predict small molecule teratogenicity. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:148-158. [PMID: 32428651 PMCID: PMC7577422 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women are an especially vulnerable population, given the sensitivity of a developing fetus to chemical exposures. However, prescribing behavior for the gravid patient is guided on limited human data and conflicting cases of adverse outcomes due to the exclusion of pregnant populations from randomized, controlled trials. These factors increase risk for adverse drug outcomes and reduce quality of care for pregnant populations. Herein, we propose the application of artificial intelligence to systematically predict the teratogenicity of a prescriptible small molecule from information inherent to the drug. Using unsupervised and supervised machine learning, our model probes all small molecules with known structure and teratogenicity data published in research-amenable formats to identify patterns among structural, meta-structural, and in vitro bioactivity data for each drug and its teratogenicity score. With this workflow, we discovered three chemical functionalities that predispose a drug towards increased teratogenicity and two moieties with potentially protective effects. Our models predict three clinically-relevant classes of teratogenicity with AUC = 0.8 and nearly double the predictive accuracy of a blind control for the same task, suggesting successful modeling. We also present extensive barriers to translational research that restrict data-driven studies in pregnancy and therapeutically "orphan" pregnant populations. Collectively, this work represents a first-in-kind platform for the application of computing to study and predict teratogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup P Challa
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37203, TN, United States; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, United States; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville 20850, MD, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37212, TN, United States.
| | - Andrew L Beam
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston 02115, MA, United States; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, MA, United States
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville 20850, MD, United States
| | - Tyler Peryea
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville 20850, MD, United States
| | - Robert R Lavieri
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37203, TN, United States
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 37212, TN, United States
| | - David M Aronoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37203, TN, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37203, TN, United States; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37203, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cendoya X, Quevedo C, Ipiñazar M, Planes FJ. Computational approach for collection and prediction of molecular initiating events in developmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 94:55-64. [PMID: 32344110 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developmental toxicity is defined as the occurrence of adverse effects on the developing organism as a result from exposure to a toxic agent. These alterations can have long-term acute effects. Current in vitro models present important limitations and the evaluation of toxicity is not entirely objective. In silico methods have also shown limited success, in part due to complex and varied mechanisms of action that mediate developmental toxicity, which are sometimes poorly understood. In this article, we compiled a dataset of compounds with developmental toxicity categories and annotated mechanisms of action for both toxic and non-toxic compounds (DVTOX). With it, we selected a panel of protein targets that might be part of putative Molecular Initiating Events (MIEs) of Adverse Outcome Pathways of developmental toxicity. The validity of this list of candidate MIEs was studied through the evaluation of new drug-target relationships that include such proteins, but were not part of the original database. Finally, an orthology analysis of this protein panel was conducted to select an appropriate animal model to assess developmental toxicity. We tested our approach using the zebrafish embryo toxicity test, finding positive results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Cendoya
- TECNUN, University of Navarra, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bumped Kinase Inhibitors as therapy for apicomplexan parasitic diseases: lessons learned. Int J Parasitol 2020; 50:413-422. [PMID: 32224121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bumped Kinase Inhibitors, targeting Calcium-dependent Protein Kinase 1 in apicomplexan parasites with a glycine gatekeeper, are promising new therapeutics for apicomplexan diseases. Here we will review advances, as well as challenges and lessons learned regarding efficacy, safety, and pharmacology that have shaped our selection of pre-clinical candidates.
Collapse
|
41
|
Cerrizuela S, Vega-Lopez GA, Aybar MJ. The role of teratogens in neural crest development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:584-632. [PMID: 31926062 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC), discovered by Wilhelm His 150 years ago, gives rise to a multipotent migratory embryonic cell population that generates a remarkably diverse and important array of cell types during the development of the vertebrate embryo. These cells originate in the neural plate border (NPB), which is the ectoderm between the neural plate and the epidermis. They give rise to the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, chondrocytes, smooth muscle cells, odontoblasts and neuroendocrine cells, among others. Neurocristopathies are a class of congenital diseases resulting from the abnormal induction, specification, migration, differentiation or death of NC cells (NCCs) during embryonic development and have an important medical and societal impact. In general, congenital defects affect an appreciable percentage of newborns worldwide. Some of these defects are caused by teratogens, which are agents that negatively impact the formation of tissues and organs during development. In this review, we will discuss the teratogens linked to the development of many birth defects, with a strong focus on those that specifically affect the development of the NC, thereby producing neurocristopathies. Although increasing attention is being paid to the effect of teratogens on embryonic development in general, there is a strong need to critically evaluate the specific role of these agents in NC development. Therefore, increased understanding of the role of these factors in NC development will contribute to the planning of strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of human neurocristopathies, whose etiology was previously not considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cerrizuela
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Vega-Lopez
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Área Biología Experimental, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
A novel dual reporter embryonic stem cell line for toxicological assessment of teratogen-induced perturbation of anterior-posterior patterning of the heart. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:631-645. [PMID: 31811323 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reliable in vitro models to assess developmental toxicity of drugs and chemicals would lead to improvement in fetal safety and a reduced cost of drug development. The validated embryonic stem cell test (EST) uses cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to predict in vivo developmental toxicity, but does not take into account the stage-specific patterning of progenitor populations into anterior (ventricular) and posterior (atrial) compartments. In this study, we generated a novel dual reporter mESC line with fluorescent reporters under the control of anterior and posterior cardiac promoters. Reporter expression was observed in nascent compartments in transgenic mouse embryos, and mESCs were used to develop differentiation assays in which chemical modulators of Wnt (XAV939: 3, 10 µM), retinoic acid (all-trans retinoic acid: 0.1, 1, 10 µM; 9-cis retinoic acid: 0.1, 1, 10 µM; bexarotene 0.1, 1, 10 µM), and Tgf-β (SB431542: 3, 10 µM) pathways were tested for stage- and dose-dependent effects on in vitro anterior-posterior patterning. Our results suggest that with further development, the inclusion of anterior-posterior reporter expression could be part of a battery of high-throughput tests used to identify and characterize teratogens.
Collapse
|
43
|
Saito K, Kuwahara A, Ishikawa T, Morisaki N, Miyado M, Miyado K, Fukami M, Miyasaka N, Ishihara O, Irahara M, Saito H. Reply: Artificial cycle 'per se' or the specific protocol of endometrial preparation as responsible for obstetric complications of frozen cycle? Hum Reprod 2019; 34:2554-2555. [PMID: 31822902 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine (Ibaraki), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.,Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akira Kuwahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine (Ibaraki), Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Mami Miyado
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Minoru Irahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Saito
- Department of Perinatal Medicine and Maternal Care, National Center for Child Health and Development.,Umegaoka Women's Clinic, Tokyo 154-0022, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang H, Mao J, Qi HZ, Ding L. In silico prediction of drug-induced developmental toxicity by using machine learning approaches. Mol Divers 2019; 24:1281-1290. [PMID: 31486961 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Some drugs and xenobiotics have the potential to disturb homeostasis, normal growth, differentiation, development or behavior during prenatal development or postnatally until puberty. Assessment of the developmental toxicity is one of the important safety considerations incorporated by international regulatory agencies. In this investigation, seven machine learning methods, including naïve Bayes, support vector machine, recursive partitioning, k-nearest neighbor, C4.5 decision tree, random forest and Adaboost, were used to build binary classification models for developmental toxicity. Among these models, the naïve Bayes classifier represented the best predictive performance and stability, which gave 91.11% overall prediction accuracy, 91.50% balanced accuracy and 0.818 MCC for the training set, and generated 83.93% concordance, 81.85% balanced accuracy and 0.627 MCC for the test set. The application domains were analyzed, and only one chemical in the test set was identified as outside the application domain. In addition, 10 important molecular descriptors related to developmental toxicity were selected by the genetic algorithm, which may contribute to explanation of the mechanisms of developmental toxicants. The best naïve Bayes classification model should be employed as alternative method for qualitative prediction of chemical-induced developmental toxicity in early stages of drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Mao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhao Qi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mito A, Murashima A, Wada Y, Miyasato-Isoda M, Kamiya CA, Waguri M, Yoshimatsu J, Yakuwa N, Watanabe O, Suzuki T, Arata N, Mikami M, Ito S. Safety of Amlodipine in Early Pregnancy. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012093. [PMID: 31345083 PMCID: PMC6761676 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Amlodipine is used for the treatment of hypertension, but reports on its use in early pregnancy are limited. Methods and Results In the present study, we recruited 231 women with chronic hypertension, including those who received amlodipine or other antihypertensives during early pregnancy, and investigated frequencies of morphologic abnormalities in their 231 offspring. Specifically, we evaluated 48 neonates exposed to amlodipine in the first trimester (amlodipine group, Group A), 54 neonates exposed to antihypertensives other than amlodipine (other antihypertensive group, Group O), and 129 neonates not exposed to antihypertensives (no‐antihypertensive group, Group N). The number of morphologic abnormalities of offspring in each group were 2 in Group A (4.2%; 95% CI, 0.51–14.25); 3 in Group O (5.6%; 95% CI, 1.16–15.39) and 6 in Group N (4.7%; 95% CI, 1.73–9.85). The odds ratio of the primary outcome comparing Group A and Group O was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.118–4.621) and Group A and Group N was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.174–4.575). Conclusions The odds of birth defects in Group A in the first trimester were not significantly different from those with or without other antihypertensives. See Editorial Malha and August
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Mito
- Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy Tokyo Japan.,Division of Maternal Medicine Center for Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsuko Murashima
- Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy Tokyo Japan.,Division of Maternal Medicine Center for Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Obstetric Medicine Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan
| | | | - Chizuko A Kamiya
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Osaka Japan
| | - Masako Waguri
- Department of Obstetric Medicine Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Jun Yoshimatsu
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Osaka Japan
| | - Naho Yakuwa
- Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy Tokyo Japan
| | - Omi Watanabe
- Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomo Suzuki
- Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy Tokyo Japan.,Division of Obstetrics Center for Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoko Arata
- Drug Information Institute in Pregnancy Tokyo Japan.,Division of Maternal Medicine Center for Maternal-Fetal-Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Masashi Mikami
- Division of Biostatistics Clinical Research Center National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan
| | - Shinya Ito
- Motherisk Program Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dutra LS, Ferreira AP. Tendência de malformações congênitas e utilização de agrotóxicos em commodities: um estudo ecológico. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104201912108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar a tendência de malformações congênitas e a associação entre o uso de agrotóxicos em microrregiões de estados brasileiros que possuem maior produção de commodities agrícolas. Estudo ecológico de análise temporal conduzido com informações dos nascidos vivos (Sinasc/Ministério da Saúde), elaborando-se taxas de anomalias ocorridas entre 2000 e 2016. Foram encontradas taxas mais elevadas de anomalias congênitas nas microrregiões dos estados que apresentavam maiores produções de grãos. Essas anomalias podem ser advindas da exposição da população a agrotóxicos, sendo uma sinalização expressiva nos problemas de saúde pública.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bedewi N, Sisay M, Edessa D. Drug utilization pattern among pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinic of tertiary hospital in eastern Ethiopia: Consideration of toxicological perspectives. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:858. [PMID: 30514377 PMCID: PMC6280540 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed to investigate drug utilization pattern among pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinic of tertiary hospital in eastern Ethiopia from March 1 to April 20, 2018. Result A total of 369 pregnant women medical records were reviewed. The mean age of pregnant women was 24.34 (± 4.48) years and the majority of them were within the age of 18-25 years. About three-fourths (n = 277, 75.1%) of them were urban residents. Besides, 314 (85.1%) women had taken at least one drug with a total of 377 drugs prescribed. From which, supplemental drugs accounted majority of the drug therapy (84.88%) whereas non-supplemental drugs (15.12%) were used by 41 pregnant women during the review period. According to Food and Drug Administration FDA pregnancy risk classification, 320 (84.88%) drugs were prescribed from category A; 33 (8.75%) drugs were from category B; 19 (5.04%) drugs were from category C and 5 (1.33%) drugs were from category D. There was no drug prescribed from category X. As this result indicated, there is a decrease in the prevalence of drug use from Category A to X as the possibility of potential risk to fetus might outweigh the potential benefit to the mother. Some drugs were utilized from category D for treatment of chronic illnesses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3966-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neim Bedewi
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box, 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Sisay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O.Box, 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Dumessa Edessa
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box, 235, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vidmar M, Grželj J, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Geršak K, Dolenc MS. Medicines associated with folate-homocysteine-methionine pathway disruption. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:227-251. [PMID: 30499019 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Folate is vital for cell development and growth. It is involved in one-carbon transfer reactions essential for the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. It also acts in conjunction with cobalamin (vitamin B12) as a fundamental cofactor in the remethylation cycle that converts homocysteine to methionine. A deficiency in folate or vitamin B12 can lead to elevated homocysteine level, which has been identified as an independent risk factor in several health-related conditions. Adequate folate levels are essential in women of childbearing age and in pregnant women, and folate deficiency is associated with several congenital malformations. Low folate levels can be caused by dietary deficiencies, a genetic predisposition or treatment with medicines that affect folate concentration. Women who are pregnant or of child-bearing age commonly use medicines, so it is important to identify the basic biochemical mechanisms by which medicines interfere with the folate-homocysteine-methionine pathway. This review focuses on prescription medicines associated with folate disruption. It also summarizes their undesirable/toxic effects. Recommendations regarding folate supplementation during medical therapy are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vidmar
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmarjeva 3, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Grželj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Krka, d.d., Novo mesto, Šmarješka 6, Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - I Mlinarič-Raščan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Geršak
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmarjeva 3, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Sollner Dolenc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Howley MM, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Cunniff CM, Browne ML. Descriptive epidemiology of cerebellar hypoplasia in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:1419-1432. [PMID: 30230717 PMCID: PMC6265081 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebellar hypoplasia is a rare disorder of cerebellar formation in which the cerebellum is not completely developed, smaller than it should be, or completely absent. The prevalence of cerebellar hypoplasia at birth is unknown, and little is known about epidemiological risk factors. Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a population-based, case-control study, we analyzed clinical features and potential risk factors for nonsyndromic cerebellar hypoplasia. METHODS The NBDPS included pregnancies with estimated delivery dates from 1997-2011. We described clinical features of cerebellar hypoplasia cases from the study area. We explored risk factors for cerebellar hypoplasia (case characteristics, demographics, pregnancy characteristics, maternal health conditions, maternal medication use, and maternal behavioral exposures) by comparing cases to non-malformed live born control infants. We calculated crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression models. RESULTS We identified 87 eligible cerebellar hypoplasia cases and 55 mothers who participated in the NBDPS. There were no differences in clinical features between interviewed and non-interviewed cases. Cerebellar hypoplasia cases were more likely than controls to be from a multiple pregnancy, be born preterm, and have low birth weight. Cerebellar hypoplasia cases were more likely to be born in or after 2005, as opposed to earlier in NBDPS. We found elevated ORs that were not statistically significant for maternal use of vasoactive medications, non-Hispanic black mothers, and mothers with a history of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Although unadjusted, our findings from a large, population-based study can contribute to new hypotheses regarding the etiology of cerebellar hypoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M Howley
- Congenital Malformations Registry, NYS Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Kim M Keppler-Noreuil
- Medical Genomic & Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Marilyn L Browne
- Congenital Malformations Registry, NYS Department of Health, Albany, New York
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang Z, Xu L, Zhang Z, Ding H, Rayburn ER, Li H. The need for contraception in patients taking prescription drugs: a review of FDA warning labels, duration of effects, and mechanisms of action. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:1171-1183. [PMID: 30394114 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1544617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: This review provides a guide for the rational use of prescription drugs in patients of reproductive age. Areas covered: A comprehensive retrieval of the labels of FDA-approved drugs was performed to identify drugs where the label recommends contraceptive use during and/or after treatment. The acquired data were analyzed and organized into a table. Contraception was recommended or mandated for 268 single-ingredient drugs. These could be divided into four main categories, with many having effects across several categories: 177 drugs required contraception because they were associated with pregnancy loss or stillbirth, 177 drugs were associated with teratogenesis, 136 were associated with non-teratogenic adverse peri- or postnatal effects on the fetus (e.g. low birth weight), and 44 were associated with decreased efficacy of contraception or a change in ovulatory cycle. We also discuss the period of time contraception is required, as well as the known or hypothesized reasons for the reproductive toxicity of these agents. Expert opinion: We have provided a comprehensive overview of the FDA-approved drugs where the warning labels currently stipulate that contraception should be used. Although other references are available for clinicians, this review provides a useful source of information regarding the single-ingredient prescription drugs that may affect the outcome of pregnancy. This information is particularly relevant for researchers, as it provides an overview of the different drugs with reproductive toxicity, and because it highlights the specific needs for future research. In particular, more work (especially epidemiological studies) is needed to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings, most of which were obtained through animal studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhu Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine , Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Jiangsu , China
| | - Lili Xu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine , Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine , Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hongxia Ding
- b Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co., LTD , Beijing , China
| | | | - Haibo Li
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine , Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Jiangsu , China
| |
Collapse
|