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Hamm JT, Hsieh JH, Roberts GK, Collins B, Gorospe J, Sparrow B, Walker NJ, Truong L, Tanguay RL, Dyballa S, Miñana R, Schiavone V, Terriente J, Weiner A, Muriana A, Quevedo C, Ryan KR. Interlaboratory Study on Zebrafish in Toxicology: Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology's (SEAZIT's) Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity. Toxics 2024; 12:93. [PMID: 38276729 PMCID: PMC10820928 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Embryonic zebrafish represent a useful test system to screen substances for their ability to perturb development. The exposure scenarios, endpoints captured, and data analysis vary among the laboratories who conduct screening. A lack of harmonization impedes the comparison of the substance potency and toxicity outcomes across laboratories and may hinder the broader adoption of this model for regulatory use. The Systematic Evaluation of the Application of Zebrafish in Toxicology (SEAZIT) initiative was developed to investigate the sources of variability in toxicity testing. This initiative involved an interlaboratory study to determine whether experimental parameters altered the developmental toxicity of a set of 42 substances (3 tested in duplicate) in three diverse laboratories. An initial dose-range-finding study using in-house protocols was followed by a definitive study using four experimental conditions: chorion-on and chorion-off using both static and static renewal exposures. We observed reasonable agreement across the three laboratories as 33 of 42 test substances (78.6%) had the same activity call. However, the differences in potency seen using variable in-house protocols emphasizes the importance of harmonization of the exposure variables under evaluation in the second phase of this study. The outcome of the Def will facilitate future practical discussions on harmonization within the zebrafish research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon T. Hamm
- Inotiv, P.O. Box 13501, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jui-Hua Hsieh
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Georgia K. Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Bradley Collins
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jenni Gorospe
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| | | | - Nigel J. Walker
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robyn L. Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, The Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Rafael Miñana
- ZeClinics SL., 08980 Barcelona, Spain
- CTI Laboratory Services Spain SL., 48160 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Weiner
- BBD BioPhenix SL. (Biobide), 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Celia Quevedo
- BBD BioPhenix SL. (Biobide), 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kristen R. Ryan
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Martín-Forés I, Guerin GR, Lewis D, Gallagher RV, Vilà M, Catford JA, Pauchard A, Sparrow B. The Alien Flora of Australia (AFA), a unified Australian national dataset on plant invasion. Sci Data 2023; 10:834. [PMID: 38012232 PMCID: PMC10682373 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are a major threat to Australia. Information on alien flora in Australia is collated independently by different jurisdictions, which has led to inconsistencies at the national level, hampering efficient management. To harmonise different information sources, we present the Alien Flora of Australia (AFA), a nationally unified dataset. To create the AFA, we developed an R script that compares existing data sources (the Australian Plant Census and state and territory censuses), identifies mismatches among them and integrates the information into unified invasion statuses at the national scale. The AFA follows the taxonomy and nomenclature adopted for the Australian Plant Census, introduction status and impact of plants known to occur in Australia. The up-to-date information presented in this dataset can aid early warning of alien species invasions, facilitate decision-making at different levels, and biosecurity at national scale. The associated script is ready to be implemented into new versions of the AFA with updated releases of any of the data sources, streamlining future efforts to track of alien flora across Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martín-Forés
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - G R Guerin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - D Lewis
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - R V Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, 2753, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Vilà
- Doñana Biological Station - Spanish National Research Council (EBD-CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
- School of Agriculture, Food & Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - A Pauchard
- Faculty of Forestry Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Concepción, Chile
| | - B Sparrow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Shipkowski KA, Hubbard TD, Ryan K, Waidyanatha S, Cunny H, Shockley KR, Allen JL, Toy H, Levine K, Harrington J, Betz L, Sparrow B, Roberts GK. Short-term toxicity studies of thallium (I) sulfate administered in drinking water to Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:621-632. [PMID: 37250531 PMCID: PMC10209484 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Thallium is a heavy metal that is known to induce a broad spectrum of adverse health effects in humans including alopecia, neurotoxicity, and mortality following high dose acute poisoning events. Widespread human exposure to thallium may occur via consumption of contaminated drinking water; limited toxicity data are available to evaluate the corresponding public health risk. To address this data gap, the Division of Translational Toxicology conducted short-term toxicity studies of a monovalent thallium salt, thallium (I) sulfate. Thallium (I) sulfate was administered via dosed drinking water to time-mated Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD®) rats (F0 dams) and their offspring (F1) from gestation day (GD) 6 until up to postnatal day (PND) 28 at concentrations of 0, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/L, and adult male and female B6C3F1/N mice for up to 2 weeks at concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/L. Rat dams in the 50 mg/L exposure group were removed during gestation, and dams and offspring in the 25 mg/L exposure group were removed on or before PND 0 due to overt toxicity. Exposure to thallium (I) sulfate at concentrations ≤ 12.5 mg/L did not impact F0 dam body weights, maintenance of pregnancy, littering parameters, or F1 survival (PND 4-28). However, in F1 pups, exposure to 12.5 mg/L thallium (I) sulfate resulted in decreased body weight gains relative to control rats and onset of whole-body alopecia. Measurement of thallium concentrations in dam plasma, amniotic fluid, fetuses (GD 18), and pup plasma (PND 4) indicated marked maternal transfer of thallium to offspring during gestation and lactation. Mice exposed to 100 mg/L thallium (I) sulfate were removed early due to overt toxicity, and mice exposed to ≥ 25 mg/L exhibited exposure concentration-related decreases in body weight. Lowest-observed-effect levels of 12.5 mg/L (rats) and 25 mg/L (mice) were determined based on the increased incidence of clinical signs of alopecia in F1 rat pups and significantly decreased body weights for both rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Shipkowski
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Troy D. Hubbard
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kristen Ryan
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Helen Cunny
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Keith R. Shockley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Heather Toy
- Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Keith Levine
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James Harrington
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laura Betz
- Social & Scientific Systems, a DLH Company, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Georgia K. Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Witchey SK, Sutherland V, Collins B, Roberts G, Shockley KR, Vallant M, Krause J, Cunny H, Waidyanatha S, Mylchreest E, Sparrow B, Moyer R, Behl M. Reproductive and developmental toxicity following exposure to organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers, triphenyl phosphate and isopropylated phenyl phosphate, in Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicol Sci 2022; 191:374-386. [PMID: 36562586 PMCID: PMC9936205 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and isopropylated phenyl phosphate (IPP), have been detected in environmental samples around the world. Human exposure primarily occurs via oral ingestion with reported higher concentrations in children. Currently, there are no data to evaluate potential risk from exposure to either TPHP or IPP during fetal development. These short-term perinatal studies in rats provide preliminary toxicity data for TPHP and IPP, including information on transfer to fetus/offspring and across the pup blood-brain barrier. In separate experiments, TPHP or IPP were administered via dosed feed at concentrations 0, 1000, 3000, 10 000, 15 000, or 30 000 ppm to time-mated Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats from gestation day (GD) 6 through postnatal day (PND) 28; offspring were provided dosed feed at the same concentration as their dam (PND 28-PND 56). TPHP- and IPP-related toxicity resulted in removal of both 30 000 ppm groups on GD 12 and 15 000 ppm IPP group after parturition. Body weight and organ weights were impacted with exposure in remaining dams. Reproductive performance was perturbed at ≥10 000 ppm TPHP and all IPP exposure groups. In offspring, both TPHP- and IPP-related toxicity was noted in pups at ≥10 000 ppm as well as reduction in bodyweights, delays in pubertal endpoints, and/or reduced cholinesterase enzyme activity starting at 1000 ppm TPHP or IPP. Preliminary internal dose assessment indicated gestational and lactational transfer following exposure to TPHP or IPP. These findings demonstrate that offspring development is sensitive to 1000 ppm TPHP or IPP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannah K Witchey
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Vicki Sutherland
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, PO Box 12233, Mail Drop K2-12, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. E-mail:
| | - Brad Collins
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Georgia Roberts
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Molly Vallant
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Jeffrey Krause
- Social and Scientific Systems, Durham, North Carolina 27703, USA
| | - Helen Cunny
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Eve Mylchreest
- Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Barney Sparrow
- Life Sciences, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43201, USA
| | - Robert Moyer
- Life Sciences, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43201, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Huang MC, Willson CJ, Jaligama S, Baker GL, Singer AW, Cao Y, Pierfelice J, Mutlu E, Burback B, Xie G, Malarkey DE, Sparrow B, Ryan K, Stout M, Roberts GK. Whole-body inhalation exposure to 2-ethyltoluene for two weeks produced nasal lesions in rats and mice. Inhal Toxicol 2021; 33:334-346. [PMID: 34890527 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2021.2002480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ethyltoluenes are isolated during crude oil refinement for use in gasoline and commercial products and are ubiquitous in the environment. However, minimal toxicity data are available. Previously, we identified 2-ethyltoluene (2-ET) as the most potent isomer via nose-only inhalation exposure in rodents. Here, we expanded the hazard characterization of 2-ET in two rodent models using whole-body inhalation exposure and evaluated the role of prenatal exposure. METHODS Time-mated Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD® rats were exposed to 0, 150, 300, 600, 900, or 1200 ppm 2-ET via inhalation starting on gestation day 6 until parturition. Rat offspring (n = 8/exposure/sex) were exposed to the same concentrations as the respective dams for 2 weeks after weaning. Adult male and female B6C3F1/N mice (n = 5/exposure/sex) were exposed to the same concentrations for 2 weeks. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Exposure to ≥600 ppm 2-ET produced acute toxicity in rats and mice characterized by large decreases in survival, body weight, adverse clinical observations, and diffuse nasal olfactory epithelium degeneration (rats) or necrosis (mice). Due to the early removal of groups ≥600 ppm, most endpoint evaluations focused on lower exposure groups. In 150 and 300 ppm exposure groups, reproductive performance and littering were not significantly changed and body weights in exposed rats and mice were 9-18% lower than controls. Atrophy of the olfactory epithelium and nerves was observed in all animals exposed to 150 and 300 ppm. These lesions were more severe in mice than in rats. CONCLUSION Nasal lesions were observed in all animals after whole-body exposure up to 600 ppm 2-ET for 2 weeks. Future studies should focus on 2-ET metabolism and distribution to better understand species differences and refine hazard characterization of this understudied environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn C Huang
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yu Cao
- Battelle, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Esra Mutlu
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Guanhua Xie
- Social and Scientific Services, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David E Malarkey
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Kristen Ryan
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Stout
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Georgia K Roberts
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Waidyanatha S, Hackett M, Black SR, Stout MD, Fennell TR, Silinski MR, Watson SL, Licause J, Robinson VG, Sparrow B, Fernando RA, Cooper S, Rider CV. Toxicokinetic evaluation of the common indoor air pollutant, α-pinene, and its potential reactive metabolite, α-pinene oxide, following inhalation exposure in rodents. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115496. [PMID: 33744279 PMCID: PMC8336714 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The toxicokinetic behavior of α-pinene and its potential reactive metabolite, α-pinene oxide, was investigated following whole body inhalation exposure to 50 and 100 ppm α-pinene in rats and mice for 6 h per day for 7d. In both species and sexes, the maximum blood concentration (Cmax) increased more than proportionally while the increase in area under the concentration time curve (AUC) was proportional to the exposure concentration. When normalized to the calculated dose (D), both Cmax/D (male rats, 12.2-54.5; female rats, 17.4-74.1; male mice, 7.41-14.2; female mice, 6.59-13.0 (ng/mL)/(mg/kg)) and AUC/D (male rats, 28.9-31.1; female rats, 55.8-56.8; male mice, 18.1-19.4; female mice, 19.2-22.5 (h*ng/mL)/(mg/kg)) in rats were higher than in mice and in female rats were higher than in male rats; no sex difference was observed in mice. α-Pinene was eliminated from blood with half-lives between 12.2 and 17.4 h in rats and 6.18-19.4 h in mice. At the low dose, the ratio of α-pinene oxide to α-pinene, based on Cmax and AUC, respectively, was 0.200-0.237 and 0.279-0.615 in rats and 0.060-0.086 and 0.036-0.011 in mice demonstrating lower formation of the oxide in mice than in rats. At the high dose, the ratio decreased considerably in both species pointing to saturation of pathways leading to the formation of α-pinene oxide. α-Pinene and the oxide were quantified in the mammary glands of rats and mice with tissue to blood ratios of ≥23 demonstrating retention of these analytes in mammary glands. The findings of epoxide formation and species- and sex-differences in systemic exposure may be important in providing context and relating animal findings to human exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Mathew D Stout
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Veronica G Robinson
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia V Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Shockley KR, Cora MC, Malarkey DE, Jackson-Humbles D, Vallant M, Collins BJ, Mutlu E, Robinson VG, Waidyanatha S, Zmarowski A, Machesky N, Richey J, Harbo S, Cheng E, Patton K, Sparrow B, Dunnick JK. Comparative toxicity and liver transcriptomics of legacy and emerging brominated flame retardants following 5-day exposure in the rat. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:222-234. [PMID: 32679240 PMCID: PMC7903589 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relative toxicity of three legacy and six emerging brominated flame retardants* was studied in the male Harlan Sprague Dawley rat. The hepatocellular and thyroid toxicity of each flame retardant was evaluated following five-day exposure to each of the nine flame retardants (oral gavage in corn oil) at 0.1-1000 μmol/kg body weight per day. Histopathology and transcriptomic analysis were performed on the left liver lobe. Centrilobular hypertrophy of hepatocytes and increases in liver weight were seen following exposure to two legacy (PBDE-47, HBCD) and to one emerging flame retardant (HCDBCO). Total thyroxine (TT4) concentrations were reduced to the greatest extent after PBDE-47 exposure. The PBDE-47, decaBDE, and HBCD liver transcriptomes were characterized by upregulation of liver disease-related and/or metabolic transcripts. Fewer liver disease or metabolic transcript changes were detected for the other flame retardants studied (TBB, TBPH, TBBPA-DBPE, BTBPE, DBDPE, or HCDBCO). PBDE-47 exhibited the most disruption of hepatocellular toxic endpoints, with the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway transcripts upregulated to the greatest extent, although some activation of this pathway also occurred after decaBDE, HBCD, TBB, and HCBCO exposure. These studies provide information that can be used for prioritizing the need for more in-depth brominated flame retardant toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Michelle C Cora
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - David E Malarkey
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Daven Jackson-Humbles
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Molly Vallant
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Brad J Collins
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Esra Mutlu
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Veronica G Robinson
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | - Surayma Waidyanatha
- Program Operations Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sam Harbo
- Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | - Emily Cheng
- Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
| | | | | | - June K Dunnick
- Toxicology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, United States.
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Shockley KR, Cora MC, Malarkey DE, Jackson-Humbles D, Vallant M, Collins BJ, Mutlu E, Robinson VG, Waidyanatha S, Zmarowski A, Machesky N, Richey J, Harbo S, Cheng E, Patton K, Sparrow B, Dunnick JK. Transcriptomic data from the rat liver after five days of exposure to legacy or emerging brominated flame retardants. Data Brief 2020; 32:106136. [PMID: 32904430 PMCID: PMC7452714 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale gene expression analysis of legacy* and emerging** brominated flame retardants were conducted in the male Harlan Sprague Dawley rat [1]. Each animal was dosed for 5 days with the chemical at concentrations of 0.1 – 1000 μmol/kg body weight per day. Following the last dose, a specimen of the left liver was removed for RNA extraction. The amplified RNA (aRNA) was fragmented and then hybridized to Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 Arrays. Each GeneChip® array was scanned using an Affymetrix GeneChip® Scanner 3000 7 G to generate raw expression level data (.CEL files). Statistical contrasts were used to find pairwise gene expression differences between the control group and each dose group using the R/maanova package [2]. The transcriptomic data can be used to provide insights into the degree of toxicity, toxic mechanisms, disease pathways activated by exposure, and for benchmark dose analysis. The gene expression data for each of the nine flame retardants discussed here accompanies the research article entitled, “Comparative Toxicity and Liver Transcriptomics of Legacy and Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants following 5-Day Exposure in the Rat” [1]. * polybrominated diphenyl ether 47 (PBDE 47), decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD); ** 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB); bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH); tetrabromobisphenol A-bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether (TBBPA-DBPE); 1,2-bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE); decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE); hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Michelle C Cora
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - David E Malarkey
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Daven Jackson-Humbles
- Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Molly Vallant
- Program Operations Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Brad J Collins
- Program Operations Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Esra Mutlu
- Program Operations Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Veronica G Robinson
- Program Operations Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Surayma Waidyanatha
- Program Operations Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | | | | | | | - Sam Harbo
- Battelle, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Emily Cheng
- Battelle, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | - June K Dunnick
- Toxicology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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9
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Gwinn WM, Auerbach SS, Parham F, Stout MD, Waidyanatha S, Mutlu E, Collins B, Paules RS, Merrick BA, Ferguson S, Ramaiahgari S, Bucher JR, Sparrow B, Toy H, Gorospe J, Machesky N, Shah RR, Balik-Meisner MR, Mav D, Phadke DP, Roberts G, DeVito MJ. Evaluation of 5-day In Vivo Rat Liver and Kidney With High-throughput Transcriptomics for Estimating Benchmark Doses of Apical Outcomes. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:343-354. [PMID: 32492150 PMCID: PMC7416315 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-day in vivo rat model was evaluated as an approach to estimate chemical exposures that may pose minimal risk by comparing benchmark dose (BMD) values for transcriptional changes in the liver and kidney to BMD values for toxicological endpoints from traditional toxicity studies. Eighteen chemicals, most having been tested by the National Toxicology Program in 2-year bioassays, were evaluated. Some of these chemicals are potent hepatotoxicants (eg, DE71, PFOA, and furan) in rodents, some exhibit toxicity but have minimal hepatic effects (eg, acrylamide and α,β-thujone), and some exhibit little overt toxicity (eg, ginseng and milk thistle extract) based on traditional toxicological evaluations. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed once daily for 5 consecutive days by oral gavage to 8-10 dose levels for each chemical. Liver and kidney were collected 24 h after the final exposure and total RNA was assayed using high-throughput transcriptomics (HTT) with the rat S1500+ platform. HTT data were analyzed using BMD Express 2 to determine transcriptional gene set BMD values. BMDS was used to determine BMD values for histopathological effects from chronic or subchronic toxicity studies. For many of the chemicals, the lowest transcriptional BMDs from the 5-day assays were within a factor of 5 of the lowest histopathological BMDs from the toxicity studies. These data suggest that using HTT in a 5-day in vivo rat model provides reasonable estimates of BMD values for traditional apical endpoints. This approach may be useful to prioritize chemicals for further testing while providing actionable data in a timely and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Gwinn
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Scott S Auerbach
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Fred Parham
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Matthew D Stout
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Esra Mutlu
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Brad Collins
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Richard S Paules
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Bruce Alex Merrick
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Stephen Ferguson
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Sreenivasa Ramaiahgari
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - John R Bucher
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Georgia Roberts
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Michael J DeVito
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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10
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Kale VP, Gibbs S, Taylor JA, Zmarowski A, Novak J, Patton K, Sparrow B, Gorospe J, Anand S, Cinar R, Kunos G, Chorvat RJ, Terse PS. Preclinical toxicity evaluation of JD5037, a peripherally restricted CB 1 receptor inverse agonist, in rats and dogs for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 109:104483. [PMID: 31580887 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
JD5037 is a novel peripherally restricted CB1 receptor (CB1R) inverse agonist being developed for the treatment of visceral obesity and its metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia. JD5037 was administered by oral gavage at 10, 40, and 150 mg/kg/day dose levels for up to 34 days to Sprague Dawley rats, and at 5, 20, and 75 mg/kg/day dose levels for 28 consecutive days to Beagle dogs. In rats, higher incidences of stereotypic behaviors were observed in 10 mg/kg females and 40 mg/kg males, and slower responses for reflex and sensory tests were observed only in males at 10 and 40 mg/kg during neurobehavioral testing. Sporadic minimal incidences of decreased activity (males) and seizures (both sexes) were observed in rats during daily clinical observations, without any clear dose-relationship. Male dogs at 75 mg/kg during treatment period, but not recovery period, had an increased incidence of gut associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia and inflammation in the intestine. In both species, highest dose resulted in lower AUCs indicative of non-linear kinetics. Free access to food increased the plasma AUC∞ by ~4.5-fold at 20 mg/kg in dogs, suggesting presence of food may help in systemic absorption of JD5037 in dogs. Based on the study results, 150 mg/kg/day in rats, and 20 and 75 mg/kg/day doses in male and female dogs, respectively, were determined to be the no-observed-adverse-effect-levels (NOAELs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Resat Cinar
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Kunos
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Pramod S Terse
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- G. R. Guerin
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - P. J. O’Connor
- Centre for Global Food and Resources, Faculty of the Professions, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - B. Sparrow
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - A. J. Lowe
- Environment Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Bastin JF, Mollicone D, Grainger A, Sparrow B, Picard N, Lowe A, Castro R. Response to Comment on "The extent of forest in dryland biomes". Science 2017; 358:881. [PMID: 29146804 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Griffith et al do not question the quality of our analysis, but they question our results with respect to the definition of forest we employed. In our response, we explain why the differences we report result from a difference of technique and not of definition, and how anyone can adapt-as we did-our data set to any forest definition and tree cover threshold of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Bastin
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. .,Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP264-2, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - D Mollicone
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - A Grainger
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B Sparrow
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - N Picard
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - A Lowe
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Castro
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
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13
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Bastin JF, Mollicone D, Grainger A, Sparrow B, Picard N, Lowe A, Castro R. Response to Comment on "The extent of forest in dryland biomes". Science 2017; 358:358/6364/eaao2077. [PMID: 29123036 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
De la Cruz et al question the reliability of our results, claiming that we do not refer to the most appropriate spatial extent of drylands. In our response, we explain why we chose an existing and internationally recognized delineation of drylands among several options, and why our findings are due to a difference of remote sensing technique and not to the definition of drylands we have selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Bastin
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.,Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP264-2, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - D Mollicone
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - A Grainger
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B Sparrow
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - N Picard
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - A Lowe
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Castro
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
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14
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Bastin JF, Mollicone D, Grainger A, Sparrow B, Picard N, Lowe A, Castro R. Response to Comment on "The extent of forest in dryland biomes". Science 2017; 358:358/6362/eaao2070. [PMID: 29074741 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Schepaschenko et al question our findings, claiming that we did not refer to all existing maps and that we did not account for all sources of uncertainty. In our response, we detail our selection criteria for reference maps, which clarify why the work of Schepaschenko et al was not used, and we explain why our uncertainty assessment is complete and how it was misunderstood by Schepaschenko et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Bastin
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.,Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP264-2, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - D Mollicone
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - A Grainger
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B Sparrow
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - N Picard
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - A Lowe
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R Castro
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
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15
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Watters N, Sparrow B. Combined care: as good as they say? Can Nurse 1990; 86:29-32. [PMID: 2178770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Sparrow B. The diagnosis of renovascular hypertension in a young adult. J Ky Med Assoc 1974; 72:38-9. [PMID: 4813916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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