1
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Wang J, Curson ARJ, Zhou S, Carrión O, Liu J, Vieira AR, Walsham KS, Monaco S, Li CY, Dong QY, Wang Y, Rivera PPL, Wang XD, Zhang M, Hanwell L, Wallace M, Zhu XY, Leão PN, Lea-Smith DJ, Zhang YZ, Zhang XH, Todd JD. Alternative dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis enzymes in diverse and abundant microorganisms. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:1979-1992. [PMID: 38862603 PMCID: PMC11306096 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant marine organosulfur compound with roles in stress protection, chemotaxis, nutrient and sulfur cycling and climate regulation. Here we report the discovery of a bifunctional DMSP biosynthesis enzyme, DsyGD, in the transamination pathway of the rhizobacterium Gynuella sunshinyii and some filamentous cyanobacteria not previously known to produce DMSP. DsyGD produces DMSP through its N-terminal DsyG methylthiohydroxybutyrate S-methyltransferase and C-terminal DsyD dimethylsulfoniohydroxybutyrate decarboxylase domains. Phylogenetically distinct DsyG-like proteins, termed DSYE, with methylthiohydroxybutyrate S-methyltransferase activity were found in diverse and environmentally abundant algae, comprising a mix of low, high and previously unknown DMSP producers. Algae containing DSYE, particularly bloom-forming Pelagophyceae species, were globally more abundant DMSP producers than those with previously described DMSP synthesis genes. This work greatly increases the number and diversity of predicted DMSP-producing organisms and highlights the importance of Pelagophyceae and other DSYE-containing algae in global DMSP production and sulfur cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Andrew R J Curson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Shun Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ornella Carrión
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ana R Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Keanu S Walsham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Serena Monaco
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing-Yu Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peter Paolo L Rivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Xiao-Di Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Libby Hanwell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew Wallace
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Pedro N Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - David J Lea-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jonathan D Todd
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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2
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Gore M, Camplisson E, Ormond R. The biology and ecology of the basking shark: A review. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2023; 95:113-257. [PMID: 37923538 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we review the literature on the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus, Gunnerus, 1765), well known as the second largest extant shark (and fish) species globally. Previous reviews were published by Kunzlik in 1988 and Sims in 2008, but in the last 15 years modern electronic and DNA sequencing technologies have resulted in considerable advances in our knowledge of the species' behaviour and ecology. Basking sharks are planktivores and under appropriate conditions spend prolonged periods at the ocean surface feeding on copepod prey that primarily make up their diet, the behaviour that gave rise to their common name. In general, they are migratory and move into higher latitude waters during the summer months, when loose surface-feeding aggregations may form at favoured sites, the best known of which at present occur at hotspots on the west coasts of Britain and Ireland. The species is found circumglobally in temperate waters, but they are also now known on occasion to migrate at depth between northern and southern hemispheres, as well as across oceans within the northern hemisphere. In the past basking shark were more abundant across much of their range, but, consequent on targeted fisheries and in some places intentional eradication, became everywhere scarce, with recent population recovery in the north-east Atlantic being the result of protective measures initiated in the 1990s. Despite their charismatic nature, some of their most fundamental biological processes including copulation, gestation and birth remain largely unknown, due to their migratory and often deep-water lifestyle. In contrast, the deployment of small-scale archival and satellite tags has revealed the details of both broadscale migratory movements and horizontal and vertical foraging behaviours. Recent genetic studies support evidence suggesting a degree of site fidelity in relation to seasonal feeding grounds, which likely explains why in the past local populations have collapsed following periods of intensive fishing. Other recent research using aerial drones and towed cameras has revealed within loose feeding aggregations elements of social behaviour that may have a courtship function as well as enhance feeding efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauvis Gore
- Marine Conservation International, South Queensferry, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Camplisson
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; School of Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert Ormond
- Marine Conservation International, South Queensferry, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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3
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Carrión O, Zhu XY, Williams BT, Wang J, Zhang XH, Todd JD. Molecular discoveries in microbial DMSP synthesis. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 83:59-116. [PMID: 37507162 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of the Earth's most abundant organosulfur compounds because many marine algae, bacteria, corals and some plants produce it to high mM intracellular concentrations. In these organisms, DMSP acts an anti-stress molecule with purported roles to protect against salinity, temperature, oxidative stress and hydrostatic pressure, amongst many other reported functions. However, DMSP is best known for being a major precursor of the climate-active gases and signalling molecules dimethylsulfide (DMS), methanethiol (MeSH) and, potentially, methane, through microbial DMSP catabolism. DMSP catabolism has been extensively studied and the microbes, pathways and enzymes involved have largely been elucidated through the application of molecular research over the last 17 years. In contrast, the molecular biology of DMSP synthesis is a much newer field, with the first DMSP synthesis enzymes only being identified in the last 5 years. In this review, we discuss how the elucidation of key DMSP synthesis enzymes has greatly expanded our knowledge of the diversity of DMSP-producing organisms, the pathways used, and what environmental factors regulate production, as well as to inform on the physiological roles of DMSP. Importantly, the identification of key DMSP synthesis enzymes in the major groups of DMSP producers has allowed scientists to study the distribution and predict the importance of different DMSP-producing organisms to global DMSP production in diverse marine and sediment environments. Finally, we highlight key challenges for future molecular research into DMSP synthesis that need addressing to better understand the cycling of this important marine organosulfur compound, and its magnitude in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Carrión
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Beth T Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jinyan Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jonathan D Todd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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4
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Airborne dimethyl sulfide (DMS) cues dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) increases in the intertidal green alga Ulva fenestrata. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4298. [PMID: 36922620 PMCID: PMC10017803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the use of airborne molecules as infochemicals is common in terrestrial plants, it has not been shown to occur in an ecologically relevant context in marine seaweeds. Like terrestrial plants, intertidal plants spend part of their lives emersed at low tide and release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air when they are grazed or physiologically stressed. We hypothesized seaweeds could use airborne VOCs as infochemicals and respond to them by upregulating a keystone defensive metabolite, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). We conducted laboratory and field experiments in which Ulva fenestrata was exposed to airborne dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a volatile antiherbivore and antioxidant metabolite released when the seaweed is grazed or physiologically stressed. In the laboratory, U. fenestrata exposed to DMS had 43-48% higher DMSP concentrations, relative to controls, 6-9 days after exposure. In the field, U. fenestrata 1 m downwind of DMS emitters had 19% higher DMSP concentrations than upwind seaweeds after 11 days. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a marine plant using an airborne molecule released when damaged to elicit defensive responses. Our study suggests that the ability to detect airborne compounds has evolved multiple times or before the divergence of terrestrial plants and green algae.
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5
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Wang SY, Zhang N, Teng ZJ, Wang XD, Todd JD, Zhang YZ, Cao HY, Li CY. A new dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase of the cupin superfamily in marine bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36808192 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a marine organosulfur compound with important roles in stress protection, marine biogeochemical cycling, chemical signalling and atmospheric chemistry. Diverse marine microorganisms catabolize DMSP via DMSP lyases to generate the climate-cooling gas and info-chemical dimethyl sulphide. Abundant marine heterotrophs of the Roseobacter group (MRG) are well known for their ability to catabolize DMSP via diverse DMSP lyases. Here, a new DMSP lyase DddU within the MRG strain Amylibacter cionae H-12 and other related bacteria was identified. DddU is a cupin superfamily DMSP lyase like DddL, DddQ, DddW, DddK and DddY, but shares <15% amino acid sequence identity with these enzymes. Moreover, DddU proteins forms a distinct clade from these other cupin-containing DMSP lyases. Structural prediction and mutational analyses suggested that a conserved tyrosine residue is the key catalytic amino acid residue in DddU. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the dddU gene, mainly from Alphaproteobacteria, is widely distributed in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and polar oceans. For reference, dddU is less abundant than dddP, dddQ and dddK, but much more frequent than dddW, dddY and dddL in marine environments. This study broadens our knowledge on the diversity of DMSP lyases, and enhances our understanding of marine DMSP biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhao-Jie Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Di Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jonathan D Todd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Yan Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System & College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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6
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Kröber E, Mankowski A, Schäfer H. Microorganisms associated with Sporobolus anglicus, an invasive dimethylsulfoniopropionate producing salt marsh plant, are an unrecognized sink for dimethylsulfide. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:950460. [PMID: 36246216 PMCID: PMC9563715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.950460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saltmarshes are hotspots of organosulfur compound cycling due to production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by benthic microorganisms, macroalgae, and saltmarsh vegetation. Degradation of DMSP is a source of dimethylsulfide (DMS), an important precursor for formation of secondary organic aerosol. Microorganisms degrading DMS play a role in controlling the amount of DMS available for emission into the atmosphere. Previous work has implicated sediment microbial populations as a major sink for DMS. Here, we show that Sporobolus anglicus (previously known as Spartina anglica), a widely distributed saltmarsh plant, is colonized by DMS-degrading microorganisms. Methods Dimethylsulfide degradation potential was assessed by gas chromatography and 13C-DMS stable isotope probing, microbial community diversity and functional genetic potential in phyllosphere and rhizosphere samples was assessed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, cloning and sequencing of methanethiol oxidase genes, and by metagenomic analysis of phyllosphere microbial communities. Results The DMS degradation potential of microbial communities recovered from phyllosphere and rhizosphere samples was similar. Active DMS-degraders were identified by 13C-DMS stable isotope probing and included populations related to Methylophaga and other Piscirickettsiaceae in rhizosphere samples. DMS-degraders in the phyllosphere included Xanthomonadaceae and Halothiobacillaceae. The diversity in sediment samples of the methanethiol oxidase (mtoX) gene, a marker for metabolism of methanethiol during DMS and DMSP degradation, was similar to previously detected saltmarsh mtoX, including those of Methylophaga and Methylococcaeae. Phyllosphere mtoX genes were distinct from sediment mtoX and did not include close relatives of cultivated bacteria. Microbial diversity in the phyllosphere of S. anglicus was distinct compared to those of model plants such as rice, soybean, clover and Arabidopsis and showed a dominance of Gammaproteobacteria rather than Alphaproteobacteria. Conclusion The potential for microbial DMS degradation in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of Sporobolus anglicus suggest that DMS cycling in saltmarshes is more complex than previously recognised and calls for a more detailed assessment of how aboveground activities affect fluxes of DMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Kröber
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anna Mankowski
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schäfer
- School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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7
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Amo L, Saavedra I. Attraction to Smelly Food in Birds: Insectivorous Birds Discriminate between the Pheromones of Their Prey and Those of Non-Prey Insects. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1010. [PMID: 34681109 PMCID: PMC8533543 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection has favored the evolution of different capabilities that allow animals to obtain food-e.g., the development of senses for improving prey/food detection. Among these senses, chemical sense is possibly the most ancient mechanism used by organisms for environmental assessment. Comparative studies suggest the prime role of foraging ecology in the evolution of the olfactory apparatus of vertebrates, including birds. Here, we review empirical studies that have shown birds' abilities to detect prey/food via olfaction and report the results of a study aiming to analyze the specificity of eavesdropping on prey pheromones in insectivorous birds. In a field study, we placed artificial larvae and a dispenser with one of three treatments-prey (Operopthera brumata) pheromones, non-prey (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) pheromones, or a control unscented dispenser-on the branches of Pyrenean oak trees (Quercus pyrenaica). We then measured the predation rate of birds on artificial larvae. Our results show that more trees had larvae with signs of avian predation when they contained a prey pheromone dispenser than when they contained a non-prey pheromone dispenser or an unscented dispenser. Our results indicate that insectivorous birds can discriminate between the pheromones emitted by their prey and those emitted by non-prey insects and that they only exhibit attraction to prey pheromones. These results highlight the potential use of insectivorous birds in the biological control of insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Amo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n., E-28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Saavedra
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain;
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8
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Li CY, Wang XJ, Chen XL, Sheng Q, Zhang S, Wang P, Quareshy M, Rihtman B, Shao X, Gao C, Li F, Li S, Zhang W, Zhang XH, Yang GP, Todd JD, Chen Y, Zhang YZ. A novel ATP dependent dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase in bacteria that releases dimethyl sulfide and acryloyl-CoA. eLife 2021; 10:64045. [PMID: 33970104 PMCID: PMC8163506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant and ubiquitous organosulfur molecule in marine environments with important roles in global sulfur and nutrient cycling. Diverse DMSP lyases in some algae, bacteria, and fungi cleave DMSP to yield gaseous dimethyl sulfide (DMS), an infochemical with important roles in atmospheric chemistry. Here, we identified a novel ATP-dependent DMSP lyase, DddX. DddX belongs to the acyl-CoA synthetase superfamily and is distinct from the eight other known DMSP lyases. DddX catalyses the conversion of DMSP to DMS via a two-step reaction: the ligation of DMSP with CoA to form the intermediate DMSP-CoA, which is then cleaved to DMS and acryloyl-CoA. The novel catalytic mechanism was elucidated by structural and biochemical analyses. DddX is found in several Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes, suggesting that this new DMSP lyase may play an overlooked role in DMSP/DMS cycles. The global sulfur cycle is a collection of geological and biological processes that circulate sulfur-containing compounds through the oceans, rocks and atmosphere. Sulfur itself is essential for life and important for plant growth, hence its widespread use in fertilizers. Marine organisms such as bacteria, algae and phytoplankton produce one particular sulfur compound, called dimethylsulfoniopropionate, or DMSP, in massive amounts. DMSP made in the oceans gets readily converted into a gas called dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is the largest natural source of sulfur entering the atmosphere. In the air, DMS is converted to sulfate and other by-products that can act as cloud condensation nuclei, which, as the name suggests, are involved in cloud formation. In this way, DMS can influence weather and climate, so it is often referred to as ‘climate-active’ gas. At least eight enzymes are known to cleave DMSP into DMS gas with a few by-products. These enzymes are found in algae, bacteria and fungi, and are referred to as lyases, for the way they breakdown their target compounds (DMSP, in this case). Recently, researchers have identified some bacteria that produce DMS from DMSP without using known DMSP lyases. This suggests there are other, unidentified enzymes that act on DMSP in nature, and likely contribute to global sulfur cycling. Li, Wang et al. set out to uncover new enzymes responsible for converting the DMSP that marine bacteria produce into gaseous DMS. One new enzyme called DddX was identified and found to belong to a superfamily of enzymes quite separate to other known DMSP lyases. Li, Wang et al. also showed how DddX drives the conversion of DMSP to DMS in a two-step reaction, and that the enzyme is found across several classes of bacteria. Further experiments to characterise the protein structure of DddX also revealed the molecular mechanism for its catalytic action. This study offers important insights into how marine bacteria generate the climatically important gas DMS from DMSP, leading to a better understanding of the global sulfur cycle. It gives microbial ecologists a more comprehensive perspective of these environmental processes, and provides biochemists with data on a family of enzymes not previously known to act on sulfur-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yang Li
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Wang
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Sheng
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Mussa Quareshy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Branko Rihtman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Xuan Shao
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Gao
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Gui-Peng Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jonathan D Todd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Yin Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Marine Biotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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9
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Bucciarelli E, Stiger-Pouvreau V, Connan S. A New Protocol Using Acidification for Preserving DMSP in Macroalgae and Comparison with Existing Protocols. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:689-693. [PMID: 33295639 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) plays many important physiological and ecological roles in macroalgae. The most common method to measure DMSP is by gas chromatography analysis of the dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced after NaOH hydrolysis (pH > 12). Storage of DMS, however, is not recommended for more than a week. We investigated if acidification can be a suitable method to preserve DMSP in macroalgal samples over three months of storage, compared to widely used protocols such as drying and freezing at -20°C. The DMSP content of green (Ulva sp. and Ulva compressa), red (Chondrus crispus), and brown (Bifurcaria bifurcata) macroalgae were analyzed: 24 h after NaOH addition (control values); and after acidification (0.2 mol · L HCl-1 ) for 24 h of fresh material, followed by NaOH addition for 24 h. These values were compared to measurements after 3-month storage of samples that had been either dried in a heater (60°C for a night, and storage at room temperature), or frozen at -20°C, or kept in 0.2 mol · L HCl-1 . There was no significant difference between DMSP measurements on freshly collected material and after acidification of the samples, whether 24 h later or after 3 months of storage. This was in contrast to 3-month storage protocols involving overnight drying at 60°C (75-98% DMSP loss), and to a lesser degree freezing at -20°C (37-80% DMSP loss). We thus advise to acidify macroalgal samples for preservation over long periods of time rather than drying or freezing, when assaying DMSP content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bucciarelli
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | | | - Solène Connan
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France
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10
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhong H, Williams BT, Zheng Y, Curson ARJ, Sun C, Sun H, Song D, Wagner Mackenzie B, Bermejo Martínez A, Todd JD, Zhang XH. Bacterial Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Biosynthesis in the East China Sea. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030657. [PMID: 33810191 PMCID: PMC8004995 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of Earth's most abundant organosulfur molecules. Recently, many marine heterotrophic bacteria were shown to produce DMSP, but few studies have combined culture-dependent and independent techniques to study their abundance, distribution, diversity and activity in seawater or sediment environments. Here we investigate bacterial DMSP production potential in East China Sea (ECS) samples. Total DMSP (DMSPt) concentration in ECS seawater was highest in surface waters (SW) where phytoplankton were most abundant, and it decreased with depth to near bottom waters. However, the percentage of DMSPt mainly apportioned to bacteria increased from the surface to the near bottom water. The highest DMSP concentration was detected in ECS oxic surface sediment (OSS) where phytoplankton were not abundant. Bacteria with the genetic potential to produce DMSP and relevant biosynthesis gene transcripts were prominent in all ECS seawater and sediment samples. Their abundance also increased with depth and was highest in the OSS samples. Microbial enrichments for DMSP-producing bacteria from sediment and seawater identified many novel taxonomic groups of DMSP-producing bacteria. Different profiles of DMSP-producing bacteria existed between seawater and sediment samples and there are still novel DMSP-producing bacterial groups to be discovered in these environments. This study shows that heterotrophic bacteria significantly contribute to the marine DMSP pool and that their contribution increases with water depth and is highest in seabed surface sediment where DMSP catabolic potential is lowest. Furthermore, distinct bacterial groups likely produce DMSP in seawater and sediment samples, and many novel producing taxa exist, especially in the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (B.T.W.); (A.R.J.C.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Jingli Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (B.T.W.); (A.R.J.C.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Haohui Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Beth T. Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (B.T.W.); (A.R.J.C.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Andrew R. J. Curson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (B.T.W.); (A.R.J.C.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Chuang Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Delei Song
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Brett Wagner Mackenzie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Ana Bermejo Martínez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (B.T.W.); (A.R.J.C.); (A.B.M.)
| | - Jonathan D. Todd
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK; (B.T.W.); (A.R.J.C.); (A.B.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.D.T.); (X.-H.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.S.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (J.D.T.); (X.-H.Z.)
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11
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Wang W, Qu C, Wang X, Gao X, Zhang H, Miao J. Identification of a functional dddD-Rh for dimethyl sulfide production in the Antarctic Rhodococcus sp. NJ-530. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:639-648. [PMID: 32378236 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is widespread in the oceans, and its biological metabolite, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), plays an important role in the atmosphere. The Antarctic region has become a hotspot in DMS studies due to the high spatial and temporal variability in DMS(P) concentration, but the level of bacterial DMS production remains unclear. In this study, a bacterium isolated from Antarctic floating ice, Rhodococcus sp. NJ-530, was found to metabolize DMSP into DMS, and the rate of DMS production was measured as 3.96 pmol·mg protein-1 ·h-1 . Rhodococcus sp. NJ-530 had a DddD-Rh enzyme containing two CaiB domains, which belonged to the CoA-transferase III superfamily. However, the DddD-Rh had a molecular weight of 73.21 kDa, which was very different from previously characterized DddD enzymes in sequence and evolution. In vitro assays showed that DddD-Rh was functional in the presence of acetyl-CoA. This was the first functional DddD from Gram-positive Actinobacteria. Moreover, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that high temperature facilitated the expression of dddD-Rh, and changes of salinity had little effect on it. This study adds new evidence to the bacterial DMS production in the Southern Ocean and provides a basis for investigating the metabolic mechanism of DMSP in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuxu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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12
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Yadav AN, Singh J, Rastegari AA, Yadav N. Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [PMCID: PMC7123684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38453-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere referred to the total aerial plant surfaces (above-ground portions), as habitat for microorganisms. Microorganisms establish compositionally complex communities on the leaf surface. The microbiome of phyllosphere is rich in diversity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, and viruses. The diversity, dispersal, and community development on the leaf surface are based on the physiochemistry, environment, and also the immunity of the host plant. A colonization process is an important event where both the microbe and the host plant have been benefited. Microbes commonly established either epiphytic or endophytic mode of life cycle on phyllosphere environment, which helps the host plant and functional communication with the surrounding environment. To the scientific advancement, several molecular techniques like metagenomics and metaproteomics have been used to study and understand the physiology and functional relationship of microbes to the host and its environment. Based on the available information, this chapter describes the basic understanding of microbiome in leaf structure and physiology, microbial interactions, especially bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, and their adaptation in the phyllosphere environment. Further, the detailed information related to the importance of the microbiome in phyllosphere to the host plant and their environment has been analyzed. Besides, biopotentials of the phyllosphere microbiome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab India
| | | | - Neelam Yadav
- Gopi Nath PG College, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh India
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13
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Williams BT, Cowles K, Bermejo Martínez A, Curson ARJ, Zheng Y, Liu J, Newton-Payne S, Hind AJ, Li CY, Rivera PPL, Carrión O, Liu J, Spurgin LG, Brearley CA, Mackenzie BW, Pinchbeck BJ, Peng M, Pratscher J, Zhang XH, Zhang YZ, Murrell JC, Todd JD. Bacteria are important dimethylsulfoniopropionate producers in coastal sediments. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1815-1825. [PMID: 31427729 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its catabolite dimethyl sulfide (DMS) are key marine nutrients1,2 that have roles in global sulfur cycling2, atmospheric chemistry3, signalling4,5 and, potentially, climate regulation6,7. The production of DMSP was previously thought to be an oxic and photic process that is mainly confined to the surface oceans. However, here we show that DMSP concentrations and/or rates of DMSP and DMS synthesis are higher in surface sediment from, for example, saltmarsh ponds, estuaries and the deep ocean than in the overlying seawater. A quarter of bacterial strains isolated from saltmarsh sediment produced DMSP (up to 73 mM), and we identified several previously unknown producers of DMSP. Most DMSP-producing isolates contained dsyB8, but some alphaproteobacteria, gammaproteobacteria and actinobacteria used a methionine methylation pathway independent of DsyB that was previously only associated with higher plants. These bacteria contained a methionine methyltransferase gene (mmtN)-a marker for bacterial synthesis of DMSP through this pathway. DMSP-producing bacteria and their dsyB and/or mmtN transcripts were present in all of the tested seawater samples and Tara Oceans bacterioplankton datasets, but were much more abundant in marine surface sediment. Approximately 1 × 108 bacteria g-1 of surface marine sediment are predicted to produce DMSP, and their contribution to this process should be included in future models of global DMSP production. We propose that coastal and marine sediments, which cover a large part of the Earth's surface, are environments with high levels of DMSP and DMS productivity, and that bacteria are important producers of DMSP and DMS within these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth T Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Kasha Cowles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ana Bermejo Martínez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew R J Curson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingli Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Simone Newton-Payne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew J Hind
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peter Paolo L Rivera
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ornella Carrión
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ji Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lewis G Spurgin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Charles A Brearley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Benjamin J Pinchbeck
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - J Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Jonathan D Todd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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14
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Arboleda E, Hartenstein V, Martinez P, Reichert H, Sen S, Sprecher S, Bailly X. An Emerging System to Study Photosymbiosis, Brain Regeneration, Chronobiology, and Behavior: The Marine Acoel Symsagittifera roscoffensis. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1800107. [PMID: 30151860 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The acoel worm Symsagittifera roscoffensis, an early offshoot of the Bilateria and the only well-studied marine acoel that lives in a photosymbiotic relationship, exhibits a centralized nervous system, brain regeneration, and a wide repertoire of complex behaviors such as circatidal rhythmicity, photo/geotaxis, and social interactions. While this animal can be collected by the thousands and is studied historically, significant progress is made over the last decade to develop it as an emerging marine model. The authors here present the feasibility of culturing it in the laboratory and describe the progress made on different areas, including genomic and tissue architectures, highlighting the associated challenges. In light of these developments, and on the ability to access abundant synchronized embryos, the authors put forward S. roscoffensis as a marine system to revisit questions in the areas of photosymbiosis, regeneration, chronobiology, and the study of complex behaviors from a molecular and evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Arboleda
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
| | | | - Pedro Martinez
- Institut Català de Recerca i EstudisAvancats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heinrich Reichert
- Departement de Biologie Universite de Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Sen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Eugene, OR 97403
| | | | - Xavier Bailly
- CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680 Roscoff, France
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15
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Kudo T, Kobiyama A, Rashid J, Reza MS, Yamada Y, Ikeda Y, Ikeda D, Mizusawa N, Ikeo K, Sato S, Ogata T, Jimbo M, Kaga S, Watanabe S, Naiki K, Kaga Y, Segawa S, Mineta K, Bajic V, Gojobori T, Watabe S. Seasonal changes in the abundance of bacterial genes related to dimethylsulfoniopropionate catabolism in seawater from Ofunato Bay revealed by metagenomic analysis. Gene 2018; 665:174-184. [PMID: 29705130 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ofunato Bay is located in the northeastern Pacific Ocean area of Japan, and it has the highest biodiversity of marine organisms in the world, primarily due to tidal influences from the cold Oyashio and warm Kuroshio Currents. Our previous results from performing shotgun metagenomics indicated that Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique and Planktomarina temperata were the dominant bacteria (Reza et al., 2018a, 2018b). These bacteria are reportedly able to catabolize dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) produced from phytoplankton into dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methanethiol (MeSH). This study was focused on seasonal changes in the abundances of bacterial genes (dddP, dmdA) related to DMSP catabolism in the seawater of Ofunato Bay by BLAST+ analysis using shotgun metagenomic datasets. We found seasonal changes among the Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique strains, including those of the HTCC1062 type and the Red Sea type. A good correlation was observed between the chlorophyll a concentrations and the abundances of the catabolic genes, suggesting that the bacteria directly interact with phytoplankton in the marine material cycle system and play important roles in producing DMS and MeSH from DMSP as signaling molecules for the possible formation of the scent of the tidewater or as fish attractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kudo
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobiyama
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Jonaira Rashid
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Md Shaheed Reza
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuri Ikeda
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ikeda
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Nanami Mizusawa
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ogata
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Jimbo
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kaga
- Iwate Fisheries Technology Center, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
| | - Shiho Watanabe
- Iwate Fisheries Technology Center, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
| | - Kimiaki Naiki
- Iwate Fisheries Technology Center, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kaga
- Iwate Fisheries Technology Center, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
| | - Satoshi Segawa
- Iwate Fisheries Technology Center, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mineta
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir Bajic
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shugo Watabe
- Kitasato University School of Marine Biosciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
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16
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Curson ARJ, Williams BT, Pinchbeck BJ, Sims LP, Martínez AB, Rivera PPL, Kumaresan D, Mercadé E, Spurgin LG, Carrión O, Moxon S, Cattolico RA, Kuzhiumparambil U, Guagliardo P, Clode PL, Raina JB, Todd JD. DSYB catalyses the key step of dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis in many phytoplankton. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:430-439. [PMID: 29483657 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a globally important organosulfur molecule and the major precursor for dimethyl sulfide. These compounds are important info-chemicals, key nutrients for marine microorganisms, and are involved in global sulfur cycling, atmospheric chemistry and cloud formation1-3. DMSP production was thought to be confined to eukaryotes, but heterotrophic bacteria can also produce DMSP through the pathway used by most phytoplankton 4 , and the DsyB enzyme catalysing the key step of this pathway in bacteria was recently identified 5 . However, eukaryotic phytoplankton probably produce most of Earth's DMSP, yet no DMSP biosynthesis genes have been identified in any such organisms. Here we identify functional dsyB homologues, termed DSYB, in many phytoplankton and corals. DSYB is a methylthiohydroxybutryate methyltransferase enzyme localized in the chloroplasts and mitochondria of the haptophyte Prymnesium parvum, and stable isotope tracking experiments support these organelles as sites of DMSP synthesis. DSYB transcription levels increased with DMSP concentrations in different phytoplankton and were indicative of intracellular DMSP. Identification of the eukaryotic DSYB sequences, along with bacterial dsyB, provides the first molecular tools to predict the relative contributions of eukaryotes and prokaryotes to global DMSP production. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis suggests that eukaryotic DSYB originated in bacteria and was passed to eukaryotes early in their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R J Curson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Beth T Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Leanne P Sims
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Deepak Kumaresan
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Elena Mercadé
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lewis G Spurgin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ornella Carrión
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon Moxon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Guagliardo
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- The Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Todd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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17
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Saavedra I, Amo L. Are wild insectivorous birds attracted to methyl-jasmonate-treated Pyrenean oak trees? BEHAVIOUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plants emit herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) when they are attacked by herbivorous arthropods to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. Previous studies have suggested that insectivorous birds can detect the HIPVs for prey location. The production of HIPVs is partly mediated by the jasmonic acid signalling pathway. Methyl jasmonate is one compound involved in the jasmonic acid signalling pathway. Therefore, spraying of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) solution on plants can induce the emission of volatiles similar to the HIPVs induced by herbivory. We performed two field experiments to test whether insectivorous adult birds are attracted to Pyrenean oak trees (Quercus pyrenaica) treated with MeJa solutions. We used artificial larvae to measure bird predation rate. There were no differences in the predation rates of plasticine larvae between control and MeJa treatments, suggesting that insectivorous birds were not attracted to trees treated with MeJa. We also tested whether blue tit nestlings without previous experience in foraging respond to the scent of Pyrenean oak tree leaves treated with MeJa, to test whether the attraction to MeJa-treated trees is innate. A similar number of nestlings performed begging responses when exposed to the scent of leaves of MeJa-treated trees compared to the scent of leaves of control untreated trees. Furthermore, the duration of the first begging was similar in response to the volatiles emitted by MeJa-treated trees and untreated trees. Despite previous evidence suggesting that insectivorous birds are attracted to HIPVs, our results show that neither insectivorous adult birds nor inexperienced nestlings were attracted to trees treated with MeJa. Further studies are needed to disentangle whether the differences in the emission of volatiles between herbivore-infested trees and MeJa-treated trees can explain this lack of attraction to MeJa-treated Pyrenean oak trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Saavedra
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa Amo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Li CY, Zhang D, Chen XL, Wang P, Shi WL, Li PY, Zhang XY, Qin QL, Todd JD, Zhang YZ. Mechanistic Insights into Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Lyase DddY, a New Member of the Cupin Superfamily. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:3850-3862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pearce DS, Hoover BA, Jennings S, Nevitt GA, Docherty KM. Morphological and genetic factors shape the microbiome of a seabird species (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) more than environmental and social factors. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:146. [PMID: 29084611 PMCID: PMC5663041 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome provides multiple benefits to animal hosts that can profoundly impact health and behavior. Microbiomes are well-characterized in humans and other animals in controlled settings, yet assessments of wild bird microbial communities remain vastly understudied. This is particularly true for pelagic seabirds with unique life histories that differ from terrestrial bird species. This study was designed to examine how morphological, genetic, environmental, and social factors affect the microbiome of a burrow-nesting seabird species, Leach's storm petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). These seabirds are highly olfactory and may rely on microbiome-mediated odor cues during mate selection. Composition and structure of bacterial communities associated with the uropygial gland and brood patch were assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon-based Illumina Mi-Seq analysis and compared to burrow-associated bacterial communities. This is the first study to examine microbial diversity associated with multiple body sites on a seabird species. RESULTS Results indicate that sex and skin site contribute most to bacterial community variation in Leach's storm petrels and that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype may impact the composition of bacterial assemblages in males. In contrast to terrestrial birds and other animals, environmental and social interactions do not significantly influence storm petrel-associated bacterial assemblages. Thus, individual morphological and genetic influences outweighed environmental and social factors on microbiome composition. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to observations of terrestrial birds, microbiomes of Leach's storm petrels vary most by the sex of the bird and by the body site sampled, rather than environmental surroundings or social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA
| | - Brian A. Hoover
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sarah Jennings
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Gabrielle A. Nevitt
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kathryn M. Docherty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 W Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA
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Foretich MA, Paris CB, Grosell M, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD. Dimethyl Sulfide is a Chemical Attractant for Reef Fish Larvae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2498. [PMID: 28566681 PMCID: PMC5451384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of coral reef fish larvae is driven by advection in ocean currents and larval swimming. However, for swimming to be advantageous, larvae must use external stimuli as guides. One potential stimulus is "odor" emanating from settlement sites (e.g., coral reefs), signaling the upstream location of desirable settlement habitat. However, specific chemicals used by fish larvae have not been identified. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is produced in large quantities at coral reefs and may be important in larval orientation. In this study, a choice-chamber (shuttle box) was used to assess preference of 28 pre-settlement stage larvae from reef fish species for seawater with DMS. Swimming behavior was examined by video-tracking of larval swimming patterns in control and DMS seawater. We found common responses to DMS across reef fish taxa - a preference for water with DMS and change in swimming behavior - reflecting a switch to "exploratory behavior". An open water species displayed no response to DMS. Affinity for and swimming response to DMS would allow a fish larva to locate its source and enhance its ability to find settlement habitat. Moreover, it may help them locate prey accumulating in fronts, eddies, and thin layers, where DMS is also produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Foretich
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.
| | - Claire B Paris
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate biosynthesis in marine bacteria and identification of the key gene in this process. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:17009. [PMID: 28191900 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is one of the Earth's most abundant organosulfur molecules, a signalling molecule1, a key nutrient for marine microorganisms2,3 and the major precursor for gaseous dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMS, another infochemical in signalling pathways4, is important in global sulfur cycling2 and affects the Earth's albedo, and potentially climate, via sulfate aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei production5,6. It was thought that only eukaryotes produce significant amounts of DMSP7-9, but here we demonstrate that many marine heterotrophic bacteria also produce DMSP, probably using the same methionine (Met) transamination pathway as macroalgae and phytoplankton10. We identify the first DMSP synthesis gene in any organism, dsyB, which encodes the key methyltransferase enzyme of this pathway and is a reliable reporter for bacterial DMSP synthesis in marine Alphaproteobacteria. DMSP production and dsyB transcription are upregulated by increased salinity, nitrogen limitation and lower temperatures in our model DMSP-producing bacterium Labrenzia aggregata LZB033. With significant numbers of dsyB homologues in marine metagenomes, we propose that bacteria probably make a significant contribution to oceanic DMSP production. Furthermore, because DMSP production is not solely associated with obligate phototrophs, the process need not be confined to the photic zones of marine environments and, as such, may have been underestimated.
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Galí M, Kieber DJ, Romera-Castillo C, Kinsey JD, Devred E, Pérez GL, Westby GR, Marrasé C, Babin M, Levasseur M, Duarte CM, Agustí S, Simó R. CDOM Sources and Photobleaching Control Quantum Yields for Oceanic DMS Photolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:13361-13370. [PMID: 27993080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photolysis is a major removal pathway for the biogenic gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the surface ocean. Here we tested the hypothesis that apparent quantum yields (AQY) for DMS photolysis varied according to the quantity and quality of its photosensitizers, chiefly chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and nitrate. AQY compiled from the literature and unpublished studies ranged across 3 orders of magnitude at the 330 nm reference wavelength. The smallest AQY(330) were observed in coastal waters receiving major riverine inputs of terrestrial CDOM (0.06-0.5 m3 (mol quanta)-1). In open-ocean waters, AQY(330) generally ranged between 1 and 10 m3 (mol quanta)-1. The largest AQY(330), up to 34 m3 (mol quanta)-1), were seen in the Southern Ocean potentially associated with upwelling. Despite the large AQY variability, daily photolysis rate constants at the sea surface spanned a smaller range (0.04-3.7 d-1), mainly because of the inverse relationship between CDOM absorption and AQY. Comparison of AQY(330) with CDOM spectral signatures suggests there is an interplay between CDOM origin (terrestrial versus marine) and photobleaching that controls variations in AQYs, with a secondary role for nitrate. Our results can be used for regional or large-scale assessment of DMS photolysis rates in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Galí
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (Université Laval - CNRS), Biology Department, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, G1 V 0A6 Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - David J Kieber
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York , 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Cristina Romera-Castillo
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, RSMAS/OCE, University of Miami , Miami, Florida 33149, United States
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Center of Ecology, University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna D Kinsey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York , 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University , 2800 Faucette Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Emmanuel Devred
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (Université Laval - CNRS), Biology Department, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, G1 V 0A6 Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography , Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Gonzalo L Pérez
- Instituto INIBIOMA (CRUB Comahue, CONICET), Quintral 1250, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - George R Westby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York , 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Cèlia Marrasé
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) , Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Marcel Babin
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (Université Laval - CNRS), Biology Department, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, G1 V 0A6 Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maurice Levasseur
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (Université Laval - CNRS), Biology Department, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, G1 V 0A6 Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Agustí
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafel Simó
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC) , Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
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A high-resolution time-depth view of dimethylsulphide cycling in the surface sea. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32325. [PMID: 27578300 PMCID: PMC5006029 DOI: 10.1038/srep32325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Emission of the trace gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) from the ocean influences the chemical and optical properties of the atmosphere, and the olfactory landscape for foraging marine birds, turtles and mammals. DMS concentration has been seen to vary across seasons and latitudes with plankton taxonomy and activity, and following the seascape of ocean's physics. However, whether and how does it vary at the time scales of meteorology and day-night cycles is largely unknown. Here we used high-resolution measurements over time and depth within coherent water patches in the open sea to show that DMS concentration responded rapidly but resiliently to mesoscale meteorological perturbation. Further, it varied over diel cycles in conjunction with rhythmic photobiological indicators in phytoplankton. Combining data and modelling, we show that sunlight switches and tunes the balance between net biological production and abiotic losses. This is an outstanding example of how biological diel rhythms affect biogeochemical processes.
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Lee JSF, Poretsky RS, Cook MA, Reyes-Tomassini JJ, Berejikian BA, Goetz FW. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) Increases Survival of Larval Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:533-6. [PMID: 27306913 PMCID: PMC4947478 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
High concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a chemical compound released by lysed phytoplankton, may indicate high rates of grazing by zooplankton and may thus be a foraging cue for planktivorous fishes. Previous studies have shown that some planktivorous fishes and birds aggregate or alter locomotory behavior in response to this chemical cue, which is likely adaptive because it helps them locate prey. These behavioral responses have been demonstrated in juveniles and adults, but no studies have tested for effects on larval fish. Larvae suffer from high mortality rates and are vulnerable to starvation. While larvae are generally thought to be visual predators, they actually have poor vision and cryptic prey. Thus, larval fish should benefit from a chemical cue that provides information on prey abundance. We reared larval sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, for one week and supplemented feedings with varying concentrations of DMSP to test the hypothesis that DMSP affects larval survival. Ecologically relevant DMSP concentrations increased larval survival by up to 70 %, which has implications for production in aquaculture and recruitment in nature. These results provide a new tool for increasing larval production in aquaculture and also suggest that larvae may use DMSP as an olfactory cue. The release of DMSP may be a previously unappreciated mechanism through which phytoplankton affect larval survival and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S F Lee
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA, 98366, USA.
| | - Rachel S Poretsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Matthew A Cook
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA, 98366, USA
| | - Jose J Reyes-Tomassini
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA, 98366, USA
| | - Barry A Berejikian
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA, 98366, USA
| | - Frederick W Goetz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 7305 Beach Dr E, Port Orchard, WA, 98366, USA
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26
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Enzymatic breakage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate — a signature molecule for life at sea. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mitkus M, Nevitt GA, Danielsen J, Kelber A. Vision on the high seas: spatial resolution and optical sensitivity in two procellariiform seabirds with different foraging strategies. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:3329-3338. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.140905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Procellariiform or ‘tubenosed’ seabirds are challenged to find prey and orient over the seemingly featureless oceans. Previous studies have found that life history strategy (burrow vs. surface nesting) was correlated to foraging strategy. Burrow nesters tended to track prey using dimethyl sulphide (DMS), a compound associated with phytoplankton, whereas surface-nesting species did not. Burrow nesters also tended to be smaller and more cryptic, whereas surface nesters were larger with contrasting plumage coloration. Together these results suggested that differences in life history strategy might also be linked to differences in visual adaptations. Here, we used Leach's storm-petrel, a DMS-responder, and Northern fulmar, a non-responder, as model species to test this hypothesis on their sensory ecology. From the retinal ganglion cell density and photoreceptor dimensions, we determined that Leach's storm-petrels have six times lower spatial resolution than the Northern fulmars. However, the optical sensitivity of rod photoreceptors is similar between species. These results suggest that under similar atmospheric conditions Northern fulmars have six times the detection range for similarly sized objects. Both species have extended visual streaks with a central area of highest spatial resolution, but only the Northern fulmar has a central fovea. The prediction that burrow-nesting DMS responding procellariiforms should differ from non-responding species nesting in the open holds true for spatial resolution, but not for optical sensitivity. This result may reflect the fact that both species rely on olfaction for their nocturnal foraging activity, but that Northern fulmars might use vision more during daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Mitkus
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22364, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle A. Nevitt
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Johannis Danielsen
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, J. C. Svabos gøta 14, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Almut Kelber
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22364, Lund, Sweden
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Bringel F, Couée I. Pivotal roles of phyllosphere microorganisms at the interface between plant functioning and atmospheric trace gas dynamics. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:486. [PMID: 26052316 PMCID: PMC4440916 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phyllosphere, which lato sensu consists of the aerial parts of plants, and therefore primarily, of the set of photosynthetic leaves, is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth. Phyllosphere microbiota are related to original and specific processes at the interface between plants, microorganisms and the atmosphere. Recent -omics studies have opened fascinating opportunities for characterizing the spatio-temporal structure of phyllosphere microbial communities in relation with structural, functional, and ecological properties of host plants, and with physico-chemical properties of the environment, such as climate dynamics and trace gas composition of the surrounding atmosphere. This review will analyze recent advances, especially those resulting from environmental genomics, and how this novel knowledge has revealed the extent of the ecosystemic impact of the phyllosphere at the interface between plants and atmosphere. Highlights • The phyllosphere is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth. • Phyllosphere microbiota colonize extreme, stressful, and changing environments. • Plants, phyllosphere microbiota and the atmosphere present a dynamic continuum. • Phyllosphere microbiota interact with the dynamics of volatile organic compounds and atmospheric trace gasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Bringel
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Genomics, and Microbiology, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, UNISTRA UMR 7156 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution, Université de Rennes 1/CNRS, UMR 6553 Rennes, France
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Ferrer RP, Lunsford ET, Candido CM, Strawn ML, Pierce KM. Saxitoxin and the Ochre Sea Star: Molecule of Keystone Significance and a Classic Keystone Species. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:533-42. [PMID: 25857524 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saxitoxins (STXs) are paralytic alkaloids produced by marine dinoflagellates in response to biotic and abiotic stressors yielding harmful algal blooms. Because STX impacts coastal, near-shore communities to a greater extent than would be predicted by its relative abundance, it has been referred to as a "molecule of keystone significance" in reference to Robert Paine's Keystone Species Concept. Pisaster ochraceus, the predator upon which Paine's concept was founded, inhabits waters regularly plagued by harmful algal blooms, but the effects of STX on Pisaster have not yet been investigated. Here, we used laboratory and field experiments to examine the potential consequences of exposure to STX on sea stars' feeding, attachment to the substrate, and success in fertilization. Pisaster exhibited similar feeding behaviors when offered non-toxic prey, STX-containing prey, or a combination of the two. Although feeding behavior is unaffected, consumption of STX poses a physiological tradeoff. Sea stars in the laboratory and field had significantly lower thresholds of the force needed to detach them from their substrates after either being exposed to, or consuming, STX. High pressure (or high performance) liquid chromatography analysis indicated an accumulation of STX (and structural analogues) in sea stars' viscera, likely due to trophic transfer from toxic prey. Incidence of fertilization tended to decrease when gametes were exposed to high, yet ecologically relevant, STX concentrations of STX. These findings suggest that the molecule of keystone significance, STX, produced during harmful algal blooms extends its impacts to rocky intertidal communities by way of the keystone predator P. ochraceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Ferrer
- *Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA;
| | - Elias T Lunsford
- *Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Camillo M Candido
- *Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Madison L Strawn
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Karisa M Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
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Exton DA, McGenity TJ, Steinke M, Smith DJ, Suggett DJ. Uncovering the volatile nature of tropical coastal marine ecosystems in a changing world. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:1383-1394. [PMID: 25311223 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), in particular dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and isoprene, have fundamental ecological, physiological and climatic roles. Our current understanding of these roles is almost exclusively established from terrestrial or oceanic environments but signifies a potentially major, but largely unknown, role for BVOCs in tropical coastal marine ecosystems. The tropical coast is a transition zone between the land and ocean, characterized by highly productive and biodiverse coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves, which house primary producers that are amongst the greatest emitters of BVOCs on the planet. Here, we synthesize our existing understanding of BVOC emissions to produce a novel conceptual framework of the tropical marine coast as a continuum from DMS-dominated reef producers to isoprene-dominated mangroves. We use existing and previously unpublished data to consider how current environmental conditions shape BVOC production across the tropical coastal continuum, and in turn how BVOCs can regulate environmental stress tolerance or species interactions via infochemical networks. We use this as a framework to discuss how existing predictions of future tropical coastal BVOC emissions, and the roles they play, are effectively restricted to present day 'baseline' trends of BVOC production across species and environmental conditions; as such, there remains a critical need to focus research efforts on BVOC responses to rapidly accelerating anthropogenic impacts at local and regional scales. We highlight the complete lack of current knowledge required to understand the future ecological functioning of these important systems, and to predict whether feedback mechanisms are likely to regulate or exacerbate current climate change scenarios through environmentally and ecologically mediated changes to BVOC budgets at the ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan A Exton
- Operation Wallacea, Wallace House, Old Bolingbroke, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, PE23 4EX, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO3 4SQ, UK
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Putman NF, Verley P, Endres CS, Lohmann KJ. Magnetic navigation behavior and the oceanic ecology of young loggerhead sea turtles. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:1044-50. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
During long-distance migrations, animals navigate using a variety of sensory cues, mechanisms and strategies. Although guidance mechanisms are usually studied under controlled laboratory conditions, such methods seldom allow for navigation behavior to be examined in an environmental context. Similarly, although realistic environmental models are often used to investigate the ecological implications of animal movement, explicit consideration of navigation mechanisms in such models is rare. Here, we used an interdisciplinary approach in which we first conducted lab-based experiments to determine how hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) respond to magnetic fields that exist at five widely separated locations along their migratory route, and then studied the consequences of the observed behavior by simulating it within an ocean circulation model. Magnetic fields associated with two geographic regions that pose risks to young turtles (due to cold wintertime temperatures or potential displacement from the migratory route) elicited oriented swimming, whereas fields from three locations where surface currents and temperature pose no such risk did not. Additionally, at locations with fields that elicited oriented swimming, simulations indicate that the observed behavior greatly increases the likelihood of turtles advancing along the migratory pathway. Our findings suggest that the magnetic navigation behavior of sea turtles is intimately tied to their oceanic ecology and is shaped by a complex interplay between ocean circulation and geomagnetic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan F. Putman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Philippe Verley
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 248 MARBEC, Centre de Recherche Halieutique Méditerranéenne et Tropicale, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, 34203 Séte cedex, France
| | - Courtney S. Endres
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Lohmann
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Amo L, López-Rull I, Pagán I, García CM. Evidence that the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) uses scent to avoid omnivore mammals. REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-015-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Puglisi MP, Sneed JM, Sharp KH, Ritson-Williams R, Paul VJ. Marine chemical ecology in benthic environments. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1510-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Dell'Ariccia G, Célérier A, Gabirot M, Palmas P, Massa B, Bonadonna F. Olfactory foraging in temperate waters: sensitivity to dimethylsulphide of shearwaters in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:1701-9. [PMID: 24526721 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.097931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Many procellariiforms use olfactory cues to locate food patches over the seemingly featureless ocean surface. In particular, some of them are able to detect and are attracted by dimethylsulphide (DMS), a volatile compound naturally occurring over worldwide oceans in correspondence with productive feeding areas. However, current knowledge is restricted to sub-Antarctic species and to only one study realized under natural conditions at sea. Here, for the first time, we investigated the response to DMS in parallel in two different environments in temperate waters, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, employing Cory's (Calonectris borealis) and Scopoli's (Calonectris diomedea) shearwaters as models. To test whether these birds can detect and respond to DMS, we presented them with this substance in a Y-maze. Then, to determine whether they use this molecule in natural conditions, we tested the response to DMS at sea. The number of birds that chose DMS in the Y-maze and that were recruited at DMS-scented slicks at sea suggests that these shearwaters are attracted to DMS in both non-foraging and natural contexts. Our findings show that the use of DMS as a foraging cue may be a strategy adopted by procellariiforms across oceans but that regional differences may exist, giving a worldwide perspective to previous hypotheses concerning the use of DMS as a chemical cue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Dell'Ariccia
- CEFE-CNRS, Behavioural Ecology Group - 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Célérier
- CEFE-CNRS, Behavioural Ecology Group - 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Marianne Gabirot
- CEFE-CNRS, Behavioural Ecology Group - 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Palmas
- CEFE-CNRS, Behavioural Ecology Group - 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Massa
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonadonna
- CEFE-CNRS, Behavioural Ecology Group - 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Amo L, Jansen JJ, van Dam NM, Dicke M, Visser ME. Birds exploit herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate herbivorous prey. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1348-55. [PMID: 24103093 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod herbivory induces plant volatiles that can be used by natural enemies of the herbivores to find their prey. This has been studied mainly for arthropods that prey upon or parasitise herbivorous arthropods but rarely for insectivorous birds, one of the main groups of predators of herbivorous insects such as lepidopteran larvae. Here, we show that great tits (Parus major) discriminate between caterpillar-infested and uninfested trees. Birds were attracted to infested trees, even when they could not see the larvae or their feeding damage. We furthermore show that infested and uninfested trees differ in volatile emissions and visual characteristics. Finally, we show, for the first time, that birds smell which tree is infested with their prey based on differences in volatile profiles emitted by infested and uninfested trees. Volatiles emitted by plants in response to herbivory by lepidopteran larvae thus not only attract predatory insects but also vertebrate predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Amo
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Ctra, de Sacramento s/n. E-04120, La Cañada de San Urbano, Almería, Spain
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Garcés E, Alacid E, Reñé A, Petrou K, Simó R. Host-released dimethylsulphide activates the dinoflagellate parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae. ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:1065-8. [PMID: 23344241 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2012.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parasitoids are a major top-down cause of mortality of coastal harmful algae, but the mechanisms and strategies they have evolved to efficiently infect ephemeral blooms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the generalist dinoflagellate parasitoid Parvilucifera sinerae (Perkinsozoa, Alveolata) is activated from dormancy, not only by Alexandrium minutum cells but also by culture filtrates. We unequivocally identified the algal metabolite dimethylsulphide (DMS) as the density-dependent cue of the presence of potential host. This allows the parasitoid to alternate between a sporangium-hosted dormant stage and a chemically-activated, free-living virulent stage. DMS-rich exudates of resistant dinoflagellates also induced parasitoid activation, which we interpret as an example of coevolutionary arms race between parasitoid and host. These results further expand the involvement of dimethylated sulphur compounds in marine chemical ecology, where they have been described as foraging cues and chemoattractants for mammals, turtles, birds, fish, invertebrates and plankton microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Garcés
- Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Roy JS, Poulson-Ellestad KL, Drew Sieg R, Poulin RX, Kubanek J. Chemical ecology of the marine plankton. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1364-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ferrer RP, Zimmer RK. Community ecology and the evolution of molecules of keystone significance. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2012; 223:167-177. [PMID: 23111129 DOI: 10.1086/bblv223n2p167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecules of keystone significance are vital in structuring ecological communities. Select bioactive compounds can cause disproportionately large effects by connecting such seemingly disparate processes as microbial loop dynamics and apex predation. Here, we develop a general theory and propose mechanisms that could lead to the evolution of keystone molecules. Introduced into a respective community by one, or only a few, autotrophic or microbial species, these compounds often originate as chemical defenses. When co-opted by resistant consumer species, however, they are used either in chemical defense against higher-order predators or as chemosensory cues that elicit courtship and mating, alarm, and predatory search. Requisite to these multifunctional properties, biosynthetic capacity evolves along with mechanisms for resistance and/or toxin storage in primary producers. Subsequently, consumers acquire resistances or tolerances, and the toxins are transferred through food webs via trophic interactions. In consumers, mechanisms eventually evolve for recognizing toxins as feeding cues and, ultimately, as signals or pheromones in chemical communication within or between species. One, or a few, active compounds can thus mediate a vast array of physiological traits, expressed differentially across many species in a given community. Through convergent evolution, molecules of keystone significance provide critical information to phylogenetically diverse species, initiate major trophic cascades, and structure communities within terrestrial, freshwater, coastal-ocean and open-ocean habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Ferrer
- Department of Biology, Seattle Pacific University, 3307 Third Avenue West, Seattle, Washington 98119, USA.
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Humphries GRW, Huettmann F, Nevitt GA, Deal C, Atkinson D. Species distribution modeling of storm-petrels (Oceanodroma furcata and O. leucorhoa) in the North Pacific and the role of dimethyl sulfide. Polar Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-012-1207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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