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Re F, Oguntade AS, Bohrmann B, Bragg F, Carter JL. Associations of general and central adiposity with hypertension and cardiovascular disease among South Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e074050. [PMID: 38110373 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relevance of measures of general and central adiposity for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in populations of European descent is well established. However, it is less well characterised in South Asian populations, who characteristically manifest larger waist circumferences (WC) for equivalent body mass index (BMI). This systematic review and meta-analysis provide an overview of the literature on the association of different anthropometric measures with CVD risk among South Asians. METHODOLOGY MEDLINE and Embase were searched from 1990 to the present for studies in South Asian populations investigating associations of two or more adiposity measures with CVD. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on the associations of BMI, WC and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with blood pressure, hypertension and CVD. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS Titles and abstracts were screened for 7327 studies, yielding 147 full-text reviews. The final sample (n=30) included 2 prospective, 5 case-control and 23 cross-sectional studies. Studies reported generally higher risks of hypertension and CVD at higher adiposity levels. The pooled mean difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI was 3 mmHg (2.90 (95% CI 1.30 to 4.50)) and 6 mmHg (6.31 (95% CI 4.81 to 7.81) per 13 cm larger WC. The odds ratio (OR) of hypertension per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI was 1.33 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.51), 1.45 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.98) per 13 cm larger WC and 1.22 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.41) per 0.1-unit larger WHR. Pooled risk of CVD for BMI-defined overweight versus healthy-weight was 1.65 (95% CI 1.55 to 1.75) and 1.48 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.80) and 2.51 (95% CI 0.94 to 6.69) for normal versus large WC and WHR, respectively. Study quality was average with significant heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Measures of both general and central adiposity had similar, strong positive associations with the risk of CVD in South Asians. Larger prospective studies are required to clarify which measures of body composition are more informative for targeted CVD primary prevention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Re
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ayodipupo S Oguntade
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bastian Bohrmann
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer L Carter
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation of triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) index with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic risk factors, and to assess the predictive value of TyG for MetS in women with PCOS. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 819 women diagnosed with PCOS and 3122 women without PCOS from January 2018 to December 2021. The definition of MetS adopted in this study was the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The TyG index was calculated as the ln (fasting triglyceride level [mg/dL] × fasting glucose level [mg/dL]/2). RESULTS MetS was diagnosed in 266 women (32.5%) among 819 subjects with PCOS, and in 287 women (9.2%) among 3122 subjects without PCOS. Logistic regression analysis showed that women in the highest tertile of TyG index had the highest prevalence of MetS (OR = 3.66, 95%CI: 1.28-10.49) after adjusting for confounding factors. Compared with the lowest tertile, PCOS women in the highest tertile showed the highest odds ratio of hypertension, obesity, central obesity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, TyG index was able to identify MetS in women with PCOS, and the optimal cutoff values were 8.65 (Youden index = 0.65). CONCLUSION TyG index was positively and independently correlated with the prevalence of MetS, which also indicated a good predictive ability in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Jiashan County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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Lin W, Shi S, Huang H, Wen J, Chen G. Predicting risk of obesity in overweight adults using interpretable machine learning algorithms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1292167. [PMID: 38047114 PMCID: PMC10693451 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To screen for predictive obesity factors in overweight populations using an optimal and interpretable machine learning algorithm. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2011 and January 2012. The participants were randomly selected using a simple random sampling technique. Seven commonly used machine learning methods were employed to construct obesity risk prediction models. A total of 5,236 Chinese participants from Ningde City, Fujian Province, Southeast China, participated in this study. The best model was selected through appropriate verification and validation and suitably explained. Subsequently, a minimal set of significant predictors was identified. The Shapley additive explanation force plot was used to illustrate the model at the individual level. Results Machine learning models for predicting obesity have demonstrated strong performance, with CatBoost emerging as the most effective in both model validity and net clinical benefit. Specifically, the CatBoost algorithm yielded the highest scores, registering 0.91 in the training set and an impressive 0.83 in the test set. This was further corroborated by the area under the curve (AUC) metrics, where CatBoost achieved 0.95 for the training set and 0.87 for the test set. In a rigorous five-fold cross-validation, the AUC for the CatBoost model ranged between 0.84 and 0.91, with an average AUC of ROC at 0.87 ± 0.022. Key predictors identified within these models included waist circumference, hip circumference, female gender, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion CatBoost may be the best machine learning method for prediction. Combining Shapley's additive explanation and machine learning methods can be effective in identifying disease risk factors for prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songchang Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fujian Provincial Hospital Jinshan Branch, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junping Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Kawamoto R, Kikuchi A, Ninomiya D, Kumagi T. Thigh-hip ratio is significantly associated with all-cause mortality among Japanese community-dwelling men. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292287. [PMID: 37797075 PMCID: PMC10553839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric evaluation is a simple yet essential indicator of muscle and fat mass when studying life prognosis in aging. This study aimed to investigate the contributions of anthropometric measurements, independent of body mass index, to measures of all-cause mortality. We examined data for 1,704 participants from the 2014 Nomura Cohort Study who attended follow-ups for the subsequent eight years (follow-up rate: 93.0%). Of these, 765 were male (aged 69 ± 11 years) and 939 were female (aged 69 ± 9 years). The Japanese Basic Resident Registry provided data on adjusted relative hazards for all-cause mortality. The data were subjected to a Cox regression analysis, wherein the time variable was age and the risk factors were gender, age, anthropometric index, smoking habits, drinking habits, exercise habits, cardiovascular history, hypertension, lipid levels, diabetes, renal function, and serum uric acid. Of the total number of participants, 158 (9.3%) were confirmed to have died, and of these, 92 were male (12.0% of all male participants) and 66 were female (7.0% of all female participants). The multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that a smaller thigh-hip ratio predicted eight-year all-cause mortality in male participants, but only baseline body mass index was associated with all-cause mortality in female participants. Thigh-hip ratio is a useful predictor of death in Japanese community-dwelling men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Kawamoto
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Ehime, Japan
| | - Asuka Kikuchi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Ehime, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ninomiya
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seiyo Municipal Nomura Hospital, Seiyo, Ehime, Japan
| | - Teru Kumagi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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Vela-Bernal S, Facchetti R, Dell'Oro R, Quarti-Trevano F, Lurbe E, Mancia G, Grassi G. Anthropometric Measures of Adiposity as Markers of Kidney Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:467-474. [PMID: 37755663 PMCID: PMC10600305 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to provide information on the ability of several different anthropometric markers to reflect the renal impairment associated with body weight increase and to predict the development of renal alterations linked to overweight and obesity. In 574 subjects representative of the general population of the Pressioni Arteriose Monitorate e Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study, with an age range between 57 and 73 years, we investigated the association between different anthropometric markers of body fat, as alternative to body mass index, and renal failure, to obtain information useful for determining their potential predictive value. Renal dysfunction was significantly associated with almost all anthropometric markers of adiposity related to body weight and body shape. After adjustment for confounders, such as age, sex, office blood pressure, serum glucose, antihypertensive drugs and smoking habit, association remained significant only for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI). These 3 markers also displayed at the receiver operating curves (ROC) analysis the best ability to detect subjects with or without kidney dysfunction. The results of the present study provide evidence that WHR, LAP and VAI represent the best markers of renal dysfunction associated with visceral body fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vela-Bernal
- Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Internal Medicine Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rita Facchetti
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine, University Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Dell'Oro
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine, University Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052, Monza, Italy
| | - Fosca Quarti-Trevano
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine, University Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052, Monza, Italy
| | - Empar Lurbe
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine, University Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine, University Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20052, Monza, Italy.
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Costo-Muriel C, Calderón-García JF, Rico-Martín S, Galán-González J, Escudero-Sánchez G, Sánchez-Bacaicoa C, Rodríguez-Velasco FJ, Santano-Mogena E, Fonseca C, Muñoz-Torrero JFS. Relationship between the novel and traditional anthropometric indices and subclinical atherosclerosis evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT). Front Nutr 2023; 10:1170450. [PMID: 37457970 PMCID: PMC10348712 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1170450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Over the last few years, novel anthropometric indices have been developed as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) and other traditional anthropometric measurements to enhance the estimate of fat proportion and its relationship to a future cardiovascular event. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) estimated by Doppler ultrasound with current anthropometric indices (traditional and novel). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 789 Spanish patients. Traditional (BMI, WHR, and WHtR) and new (WWI, AVI, ABSI, BRI, BAI, CUN-BAE, and CI) anthropometric indices were determined, and carotid Doppler ultrasound was performed to evaluate c-IMT (≥0.90 mm). Results Most of the anthropometric indices analyzed were significantly higher among patients with pathological c-IMT, except for BMI, BAI, and CUN-BAE. In multiple linear regression analysis, c-IMT was positively related to ABSI, AVI, BRI, CI, and WWI but not to CUN-BAE, BAI, or traditional anthropometric indices. Similarly, in univariate analysis, all indices were associated with a c-IMT of ≥0.90 mm (p < 0.05), except BMI, BAI, and CUN-BAE; however, only ABSI (adjusted OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.08-2.40; p = 0.017), CI (adjusted OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.15-2.60; p = 0.008), and WWI (adjusted OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.14-2.64; p = 0.009) were significantly associated in multivariate analysis. Finally, CI, ABSI, and WWI provided the largest AUC, and BMI and CUN-BAE showed the lowest AUC. Conclusion ABSI, CI, and WWI were positively associated with pathological c-IMT (≥0.90 mm), independent of other confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Costo-Muriel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Comarcal de la Axarquía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julián F. Calderón-García
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sergio Rico-Martín
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Esperanza Santano-Mogena
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - César Fonseca
- Department of Nursing, University of Évora, Evora, Portugal
- Department of Nursing, Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Evora, Portugal
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Costo-Muriel C, Calderón-García JF, Rico-Martín S, Sánchez-Bacaicoa C, Escudero-Sánchez G, Galán-González J, Rodríguez-Velasco FJ, Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero JF. Association of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Assessed by High-Resolution Ultrasound With Traditional and Novel Anthropometric Indices. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101574. [PMID: 36584728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel anthropometric indices have been proposed as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to determine visceral adipose tissue and body mass. Little is known about the relationship of these new anthropometric indices to subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to assess the association of anthropometric indices, both new and traditional, with the presence of subclinical carotid artery arteriosclerosis (SCAA) estimated by Doppler ultrasound. This cross-sectional study analyzed 788 Spanish patients who consecutively attended a vascular risk consultation between June 2021 and September 2022. Traditional anthropometric indices (BMI, WHR and WHtR) and novel indices (ABSI, AVI, BAI, BRI, CI, CUNBAE and WWI) were calculated, and Doppler ultrasound in the carotid artery (cIMT and atherosclerosis plaque) was performed to detect SCAA. All analyzed anthropometric indices, except BMI, BAI and CUNBAE, were significantly higher in patients with SCAA. ABSI, BRI, CI, WHR, WHtR and WWI and were associated with SCAA in the univariate analysis (p<0.05); however, only ABSI (adjusted OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.10-2.38; p= 0.042) was significantly associated with SCAA in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, only ABSI was significantly positively associated with SCAA, independent of other confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Costo-Muriel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Comarcal de la AXARQUÍA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Julián F Calderón-García
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sergio Rico-Martín
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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Wu Y, Tong Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Long Y, Li Q, Ren J, Liu C. Waist-to-height ratio and new-onset hypertension in middle-aged and older adult females from 2011 to 2015: A 4-year follow-up retrospective cohort study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1122995. [PMID: 36935671 PMCID: PMC10016226 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1122995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Central obesity was closely associated with hypertension. Middle-aged and older adult females, defined as those aged 45 and above, were more likely to suffer from central obesity. For waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was used as central obesity assessment, the object of this study was to illustrate the relationship between WHtR and the incidence of hypertension in middle-aged and older adult females in China. Methods Data used in this prospective cohort study was derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in a baseline survey from 2011 to 2012 with a follow-up duration of 4 years. The waist-to-height ratio was calculated as waist circumstance divided by height, and the cohort was divided into different groups based on WHtR level. The outcome variable was new-onset hypertension. Results Of the 2,438 participants included in the study, 1,821 (74.7%) had high WHtR levels (WHtR ≥ 0.5). As WHtR was closely related to new-onset hypertension in a multivariable logistics regression mode [OR: 7.89 (95% CI: 2.10-29.67)], individuals with high WHtR were also more likely to suffer from hypertension compared with low WHtR levels [OR: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.06-1.69)]. Conclusion WHtR is positively related to the risk of hypertension incidents among middle-aged and older adult females. Individuals with WHtR ≥ 0.5 were more likely to suffer from hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingmu Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunxiang Long
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Liu
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Moon HE, Lee TS, Chung T. Association between Lower-to-Upper Ratio of Appendicular Skeletal Muscle and Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6309. [DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster-based disorder comprising several pre-disease or pre-clinical statuses for diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular risk, and mortality. Appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), or lean mass, is considered the main site of insulin-mediated glucose utilization. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the association between lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass to upper appendicular skeletal muscle mass ratio (LUR) and risk for MetS. (2) Methods: We analyzed the 2008–2011 Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) data. Quintiles of lower ASM to upper ASM ratio (LUR) were categorized as follows: Q1: ≤2.65, Q2: 2.66–2.80, Q3: 2.81–2.94, Q4: 2.95–3.11, and Q5: ≥3.12 in men and Q1: ≤3.00, Q2: 3.01–3.18, Q3: 3.19–3.36, Q4: 3.37–3.60, and Q5: ≥3.61 in women. Multivariate logistic regression models were used after setting MetS and the LUR quintiles as the independent and dependent variables and adjusting for covariates. (3) Result: In men, MetS in accordance with the LUR quintiles exhibits a reverse J-curve. All groups from Q2 to Q5 had a lower odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) for MetS compared to the Q1 group. The lowest OR (95% CI) of 0.85 (0.80–0.91) was observed in Q4. However, in women, the figure shows a sine curve. Compared to the Q1 group, the Q2 and Q3 groups had a higher OR, while the Q4 and Q5 groups presented a lower OR. Among them, the OR (95% CI) in the Q4 group was lowest, at 0.83 (0.76–0.91). (4) Conclusions: While total appendicular skeletal muscle mass is important to prevent MetS, it is necessary to maintain an optimal ratio of muscle mass between the upper and lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass.
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Bereka SG, Demisse AW, Getahun GK. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated risk factors among women civil servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021: an institution-based study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:119. [PMID: 36280893 PMCID: PMC9589629 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal obesity increases the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases, disability, and poor quality of life, as well as health-care costs. It is a component of the metabolic syndrome, along with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated risk factors among female civil servants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2021. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from March31st to April 15th, 2021.A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 478 study participants. Data was entered into EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. A descriptive data analysis was used to present the distribution of study variables. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess the relationship between independent variables and abdominal obesity at 95% CI. The level of statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05. Result The prevalence of abdominal obesity defined by waist circumference was found to be29.5% (95% CI: 25.39-33.6%) and 32.8% (95% CI: 28.57%-37.03%) by waist hip ratio, respectively. Age group 29-37 years [AOR= 2.451, 95% CI: (1.199-5.013)], age group 38-46 years [AOR=3.807, 95% CI: (1.328-10.914)], age group 47-55 years [AOR=6.489, 95% CI: (1.367-30.805)], being married [AOR= 4.762, 95% CI: (2.321-9.721)],consumption of meat >=5 per week[ AOR= 4.764, 95% CI: (1.939-11.711)], having lunch daily[AOR= 0.388, 95% CI:(0.166-0.910)] and snack consumption [AOR=4.163, 95% CI:(1.503-11.534)] were significantly associated with abdominal obesity. Conclusion The prevalence of abdominal obesity as measured by waist circumference and waist hip ratio was found to be moderate and high, respectively. Age, being married, high consumption of meat, and having lunch daily were identified as associated with abdominal obesity. Healthy diet health education and nutrition intervention should be considered, with a focus on married, meat-consuming, and older age-group female civil servants. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00613-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Gebretsadik Bereka
- grid.493105.a0000 0000 9089 2970Department of Nutrition Menelik II Medical and Health Sciences College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,Department of Public health, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Assela, Ethiopia
| | - Ayele Worku Demisse
- grid.493105.a0000 0000 9089 2970Department of Nutrition Menelik II Medical and Health Sciences College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Genanew Kassie Getahun
- grid.493105.a0000 0000 9089 2970Department of Public Health Menelik II Medical and Health Sciences College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Peters A, Sprengell M, Kubera B. The principle of 'brain energy on demand' and its predictive power for stress, sleep, stroke, obesity and diabetes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104847. [PMID: 36067964 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Does the brain actively draw energy from the body when needed? There are different schools of thought regarding energy metabolism. In this study, the various theoretical models are classified into one of two categories: (1) conceptualizations of the brain as being purely passively supplied, which we call 'P-models,' and (2) models understanding the brain as not only passively receiving energy but also actively procuring energy for itself on demand, which we call 'A-models.' One prominent example of such theories making use of an A-model is the selfish-brain theory. The ability to make predictions was compared between the A- and P-models. A-models were able to predict and coherently explain all data examined, which included stress, sleep, caloric restriction, stroke, type-1-diabetes mellitus, obesity, and type-2-diabetes, whereas the predictions of P-models failed in most cases. The strength of the evidence supporting A-models is based on the coherence of accurate predictions across a spectrum of metabolic states. The theory test conducted here speaks to a brain that pulls its energy from the body on-demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Peters
- Medical Clinic 1, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Marie Sprengell
- Medical Clinic 1, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Kubera
- Medical Clinic 1, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Nagayama D, Sugiura T, Choi SY, Shirai K. Various Obesity Indices and Arterial Function Evaluated with CAVI - Is Waist Circumference Adequate to Define Metabolic Syndrome? Vasc Health Risk Manag 2022; 18:721-733. [PMID: 36120718 PMCID: PMC9480599 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s378288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been known to relate to various diseases and metabolic disorders. Since the implication of body shape has been mentioned, obesity can be divided into visceral obesity and subcutaneous obesity. The former is considered the upstream pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and has been emphasized worldwide for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the last quarter century. However, some prospective studies have shown that cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are not necessarily higher in patients with MetS compared to those without. Recently, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) has been established as an indicator of arteriosclerosis. This parameter is independent of blood pressure at the measuring time, and reflects systemic arterial stiffness from the aortic origin to the ankle. However, since CAVI is not necessarily high in MetS patients, attempts have been made to clarify this unexpected phenomenon. In several studies, CAVI was found to correlate negatively with body mass index (BMI), and also with waist circumference (WC) which is a widely used representative visceral obesity index. On the other hand, a body shape index (ABSI) is also a visceral obesity index designed to be minimally associated with BMI, and is calculated by dividing WC by an allometric regression of weight and height. Replacing high WC with high ABSI in MetS diagnosis promoted the identification of MetS patients with increased CAVI in cross-sectional studies on Japanese and Korean populations. Additionally, the incidence of MetS diagnosed using high ABSI was associated with significant increase in CAVI after 1 year of observation. Enhanced predictive ability for renal function decline by replacing WC with ABSI in MetS diagnosis was also observed in a longitudinal study in Japanese urban residents. These findings suggest that MetS diagnosis using high ABSI instead of high WC as a visceral obesity index needs to be reconsidered. However, further research is desirable on Caucasian, whose body shape differs slightly from that of Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Nagayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nagayama Clinic, Tochigi, Japan.,Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomonori Sugiura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kohji Shirai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mihama Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Liu C, Ding L, Yang H, Chen Z. Neck circumference is independently associated with metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr J 2022; 69:809-818. [PMID: 35173107 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent compelling evidence has shown that neck circumference (NC), as a reliable and convenient anthropometric index, has better predictive values of hyperuricemia and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with traditional anthropometric measurements. Since both PCOS and metabolic syndrome (MetS) share similar characteristics and affect long-term health of women, we conducted this cross-sectional study to explore the correlation of NC with MetS and metabolic risk factors. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile of 633 PCOS and 2,172 non-PCOS women from January 2018 to June 2021 were analyzed. The results showed that the prevalence of MetS was 28.0% and 9.4% in PCOS and non-PCOS women, respectively. The prevalence of MetS, hypertention, obesity, central obesity, hyperglycemia and dyslipidaemia was also significantly higher in both PCOS and non-PCOS women with larger NC. Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed that PCOS women in the highest quartile of NC had the highest prevalence of MetS (RR = 9.94, 95%CI: 2.41-40.99) after adjusting for confounding factors, while the association between NC and MetS was much attenuated after adjusting for confounding factors in non-PCOS women. Furthermore, we also identified that the optimal NC cutoff value was 33 cm in PCOS women for the prediction of MetS. The potential mechanism could be attributed to the increased release of adipokines and excessive free fatty acids release from subcutaneous adipose tissue, which consequently precipitate the development of MetS. In conclusion, NC was found to be positively and independently correlated with the prevalence of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
| | - Zimiao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, PR China
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Peters A, Hartwig M, Spiller T. Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Explained by the Free Energy Principle. Front Psychol 2022; 13:931701. [PMID: 35756264 PMCID: PMC9226719 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the free energy principle, all sentient beings strive to minimize surprise or, in other words, an information-theoretical quantity called variational free energy. Consequently, psychosocial “stress” can be redefined as a state of “heightened expected free energy,” that is, a state of “expected surprise” or “uncertainty.” Individuals experiencing stress primarily attempt to reduce uncertainty, or expected free energy, with the help of what is called an uncertainty resolution program (URP). The URP consists of three subroutines: First, an arousal state is induced that increases cerebral information transmission and processing to reduce uncertainty as quickly as possible. Second, these additional computations cost the brain additional energy, which it demands from the body. Third, the program controls which stress reduction measures are learned for future use and which are not. We refer to an episode as “good” stress, when the URP has successfully reduced uncertainty. Failure of the URP to adequately reduce uncertainty results in either stress habituation or prolonged toxic stress. Stress habituation reduces uncertainty by flattening/broadening individual goal beliefs so that outcomes previously considered as untenable become acceptable. Habituated individuals experience so-called “tolerable” stress. Referring to the Selfish Brain theory and the experimental evidence supporting it, we show that habituated people, who lack stress arousals and therefore have decreased average brain energy consumption, tend to develop an obese type 2 diabetes mellitus phenotype. People, for whom habituation is not the free-energy-optimal solution, do not reduce their uncertainty by changing their goal preferences, and are left with nothing but “toxic” stress. Toxic stress leads to recurrent or persistent arousal states and thus increased average brain energy consumption, which in turn promotes the development of a lean type 2 diabetes mellitus phenotype. In conclusion, we anchor the psychosomatic concept of stress in the information-theoretical concept of uncertainty as defined by the free energy principle. In addition, we detail the neurobiological mechanisms underlying uncertainty reduction and illustrate how uncertainty can lead to psychosomatic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Peters
- Medical Clinic 1, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mattis Hartwig
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany.,singularIT GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Spiller
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Rosberg V, Vishram-Nielsen JKK, Kristensen AMD, Pareek M, Sehested TS, Nilsson PM, Linneberg A, Palmieri L, Giampaoli S, Donfrancesco C, Kee F, Mancia G, Cesana G, Veronesi G, Grassi G, Kuulasmaa K, Salomaa V, Palosaari T, Sans S, Ferrieres J, Dallongeville J, Söderberg S, Moitry M, Drygas W, Tamosiunas A, Peters A, Brenner H, Schöttker B, Grimsgaard S, Biering-Sørensen T, Olsen MH. Simple cardiovascular risk stratification by replacing total serum cholesterol with anthropometric measures: The MORGAM prospective cohort project. Prev Med Rep 2022; 26:101700. [PMID: 35141116 PMCID: PMC8814644 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether anthropometric measures (body mass index [BMI], waist-hip ratio [WHR], and estimated fat mass [EFM]) are independently associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and to assess their added prognostic value compared with serum total-cholesterol. The study population comprised 109,509 individuals (53% men) from the MORGAM-Project, aged 19–97 years, without established cardiovascular disease, and not on antihypertensive treatment. While BMI was reported in all, WHR and EFM were reported in ∼52,000 participants. Prognostic importance of anthropometric measurements and total-cholesterol was evaluated using adjusted Cox proportional-hazards regression, logistic regression, area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUCROC), and net reclassification improvement (NRI). The primary endpoint was MACE, a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from coronary heart disease. Age interacted significantly with anthropometric measures and total-cholesterol on MACE (P ≤ 0.003), and therefore age-stratified analyses (<50 versus ≥ 50 years) were performed. BMI, WHR, EFM, and total-cholesterol were independently associated with MACE (P ≤ 0.003) and resulted in significantly positive NRI when added to age, sex, smoking status, and systolic blood pressure. Only total-cholesterol increased discrimination ability (AUCROC difference; P < 0.001). In subjects < 50 years, the prediction model with total-cholesterol was superior to the model including BMI, but not superior to models containing WHR or EFM, while in those ≥ 50 years, the model with total-cholesterol was superior to all models containing anthropometric variables, whether assessed individually or combined. We found a potential role for replacing total-cholesterol with anthropometric measures for MACE-prediction among individuals < 50 years when laboratory measurements are unavailable, but not among those ≥ 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rosberg
- Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Julie KK Vishram-Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Corresponding author at: Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | | | - Manan Pareek
- Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department for Clinical Sciences Medicine, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Giampaoli
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Donfrancesco
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, The Queeńs University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- University of Milano-Bicocca and Policlinico di Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- Research Centre on Public Health, University of Milano Bicocca, Villa Serena, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, University Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Palosaari
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susana Sans
- Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Rangueil Hospital, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Cardiology and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Moitry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg and University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology, CVD Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sameline Grimsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael H Olsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center Zealand, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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Kubera B, Kohlmann T, Peters A. Psychological stress, body shape and cardiovascular events: Results from the Whitehall II study. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 9:100104. [PMID: 35211687 PMCID: PMC8847996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim It is known that persistent psychological stress predicts changes in body shape in two different ways: some stressed people lose weight, others gain weight. It is also known that persistent psychological stress predicts adverse health events. But it is unknown what role the body shape plays in this particular network of relationships. We therefore analyzed the Whitehall II dataset to relate body shape to stress and health risk. Methods Data of 4969 men and 2138 women from the Whitehall II cohort were analyzed. Psychological stress (General Health Questionnaire) was measured three times in the years 1991 till 2001. Body shape (BMI, waist and hip circumferences) was measured in the years 1991 till 1994. Childhood adversities were retrospectively assessed by questionnaire. Outcomes included the incidence of non-fatal or fatal CHD events (coronary heart disease) collected up to the years 2012 and 2013 and all-cause mortality collected up to July 2015. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to estimate the relation between psychological stress and CHD events or all-cause mortality. Results There was an increase in the expected hazard to develop CHD with high psychological stress (men: Exp (B) = 1.25 (1.06–1.47); P = 0.008; women: Exp (B) = 1.34 (1.05–1.70); P = 0.017). We found a clear dose-response relationship for the association between psychological stress and CHD events in both genders. That is, subjects with consistently high psychological stress in all assessments had a 2.4-fold (men) or 2.3-fold (women) higher risk for later CHD events compared to never-stressed subjects. Moreover, subjects with a high sum score of all 13 childhood experiences had a 10% increased hazard to develop fatal or non-fatal CHD events in adulthood. Although we could not find stress or BMI linked to all-cause mortality, the waist-to-hip ratio contributed to the risk of all-cause mortality in both genders (Exp (B) = 34.66 (6.43–186.92); P < 0.001 for men; Exp (B) = 60.65 (9.33–394.22); P < 0.001 for women). Conclusion This analysis supports the notion that psychological stress and childhood adversities are associated with the risk of fatal or non-fatal CHD events. When this relationship is analyzed in more detail, the Whitehall II dataset provides further insights into the role of body shape. That is, stress is also related to changes in body shape, with waist size in particular predicting higher all-cause mortality. We used Whitehall II data and constructed an overall picture of the relations between psychological stress, body shape and adverse health outcomes. We demonstrated a dose-dependent relationship between psychological stress and the risk of fatal or non-fatal CHD events. Stress increases the risk of both CHD events and body shape changes, with waist circumference but not BMI increasing the mortality risk. Body shape –more specifically waist size– is symptomatic of stress and predictive of all-cause mortality.
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Szot M, Karpęcka-gałka E, Dróżdż R, Frączek B. Can Nutrients and Dietary Supplements Potentially Improve Cognitive Performance Also in Esports? Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:186. [PMID: 35206801 PMCID: PMC8872051 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors influencing brain function and cognitive performance can be critical to athletic performance of esports athletes. This review aims to discuss the potential beneficial effects of micronutrients, i.e., vitamins, minerals and biologically active substances on cognitive functions of e-athletes. Minerals (iodine, zinc, iron, magnesium) and vitamins (B vitamins, vitamins E, D, and C) are significant factors that positively influence cognitive functions. Prevention of deficiencies of the listed ingredients and regular examinations can support cognitive processes. The beneficial effects of caffeine, creatine, and probiotics have been documented so far. There are many plant products, herbal extracts, or phytonutrients that have been shown to affect precognitive activity, but more research is needed. Beetroot juice and nootropics can also be essential nutrients for cognitive performance. For the sake of players’ eyesight, it would be useful to use lutein, which, in addition to improving vision and protecting against eye diseases, can also affect cognitive functions. In supporting the physical and mental abilities of e-athletes the base is a well-balanced diet with adequate hydration. There is a lack of sufficient evidence that has investigated the relationship between dietary effects and improved performance in esports. Therefore, there is a need for randomized controlled trials involving esports players.
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Mewada A, Keswani J, Sharma H, Tewani GR, Nair PMK. Ashtanga Yoga Ethics-Based Yoga Versus General Yoga on Anthropometric Indices, Trigunas, and Quality of Life in Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Control Trial. Int J Yoga 2022; 15:130-136. [PMID: 36329770 PMCID: PMC9623890 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_63_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The philosophical tenets of yoga such as Ashtanga yoga (AY) and Trigunas are seldom considered while designing yoga programs for chronic diseases. This randomized control trial explored the impact of AY principle-based yoga on the anthropometric indices, personality traits, and quality of life (QoL) in abdominal obesity (AO). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two participants with AO were randomized (n = 31 in each arm) into an AY arm or general yoga (GY) arm. For 12 weeks, both the AY and the GY received the same yoga protocol; however, the AY received an additional AY-based orientation session fortnightly. Changes in waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, Vedic Personality Inventory for gunas, and World Health Organization QoL-BREF were measured at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks. RESULTS By the end of 12 weeks, the AY arm significantly differed from the GY arm in HC (P = 0.05) and BMI scores (P = 0.03). The AY arm has shown a significant increase in the sattva guna (P < 0.001) and reduction in the rajas (P < 0.001) and tamas gunas (P = 0.03). There was a significant improvement in the physical and social QoL domain, whereas the other variables examined remained insignificant. The increase in sattva guna was negatively correlated with waist circumference (P = -0.489) and BMI (r = -0.553). CONCLUSION Exposing participants to progressive AY philosophy can change the personality traits which are further associated with melioration in the determiners of AO. Future yoga programs for chronic disorders may consider including AY philosophy for substantive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Mewada
- Department of Yoga, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Keswani
- Department of Yoga, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hemanshu Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gulab Rai Tewani
- Department of Yoga and Naturopathy, Sant Hirdaram Yoga and Nature Cure Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep M. K. Nair
- Department of Research, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Pradeep M. K. Nair, Department of Research, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, Sant Hirdaram Nagar, Bhopal - 462 020, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail:
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Martínez-Vargas L, Vermandere H, Bautista-Arredondo S, Colchero MA. The role of social determinants on unhealthy eating habits in an urban area in Mexico: A qualitative study in low-income mothers with a young child at home. Appetite 2021; 169:105852. [PMID: 34890724 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are a severe public health problem in Mexico. National policies to fight unhealthy eating have been implemented but they don't target social and family environment determinants. Our study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the determinants of unhealthy eating by exploring the perspectives and experiences of low-income Mexican women with a young child at home. We conducted a purposeful sampling to include participating kindergartens in Morelos, México. Women with a child enrolled in the kindergarten were invited to focus group discussions. Afterward, women with specific profiles were invited to in-depth interviews. During analysis we applied Dahlgren and Whitehead's model of social determinants of health (SDH). Overall, we found that participants have unhealthy habits, for example: low variability in consumption patterns, regular sugar-sweetened beverages intake and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake. By low variability we mean frequently consumed products (on most days of the week) limited to a restricted food set. As for the determinants of unhealthy habits, we found at the community level that families encourage unhealthy eating. At the household and work level, tight schedules for food preparation determine unhealthy eating. And, at a socio-economic level, lack of access and money constraints shape unhealthy habits. Unhealthy habits are determined by factors on multiple levels and using an SDH approach can be an effective way to inform comprehensive strategies targeting the overweight and obesity epidemic in Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heleen Vermandere
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
| | | | - M Arantxa Colchero
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico.
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Feng WY, Li XD, Li J, Shen Y, Li Q. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Central Obesity among Adults with Normal BMI in Shaanxi, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:11439. [PMID: 34769955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The study aims to estimate the prevalence of normal weight with central obesity (NWCO) and to examine the relationship between NWCO and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults of the province of Shaanxi. (2) Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among residents who were aged 18–80 years and had been living in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province, for over six months in 2018. Descriptive data analysis and prevalence/frequency were conducted. Logistic regression analyses were used to detect the corresponding factors associated with central obesity. (3) Results: A total of 2312 participants (936 men and 1376 women) were analyzed. The prevalence of NWCO was 58.3%. NWCO was significantly associated with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Compared with normal weight non-central obesity (NWNO), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were 1.47 (95% CI 1.10–1.98) in men and 1.55 (1.14–2.10) in women, and the corresponding odds ratios for dyslipidemia were 2.71 (1.77–4.13) in men and 1.84 (1.29–2.61) in women. Female sex, age over 58 years, and lower education level were also significantly predictors of abdominal obesity. (4) Conclusions: Body mass index alone as a measure of obesity is not sufficient for assessing health risks. Central obesity index should be used together for clinical assessment.
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Zhang HS, An S, Ahn C, Park SK, Park B. Obesity measures at baseline, their trajectories over time, and the incidence of chronic kidney disease: A 14 year cohort study among Korean adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:782-792. [PMID: 33546946 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We investigated the association of baseline obesity measures, i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR), and their trajectories over time with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS AND RESULTS Utilizing data from 2001 to 2014 for 9796 Korean adults without CKD at baseline, the association of baseline obesity measures with incident CKD was evaluated using logistic regression. Further, among 5605 subjects with repeated measures, the effect of the trajectories in obesity measures on CKD incidence was investigated via Cox regression. Baseline obesity in terms of BMI, WC, and HC increased the odds of incident CKD (odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.33; OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.38; and OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.41, respectively), while baseline WHR did not show such an association. A "became non-obese" BMI, WC, or WHR trajectory, and a "constantly not large" HC trajectory decreased the hazard of incident CKD (hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.99; HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.92; HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.85; and HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69-0.95, respectively) when compared with a "constantly obese or became obese" trajectory. CONCLUSION Both baseline obesity and obesity trajectories over time were associated with CKD incidence. BMI and WC were equally good measures of CKD risk, while WHR was not. Separately examining WC and HC components of WHR (= WC/HC) may explain WHR's inconsistency, and WHR's usefulness as a measure of CKD risk should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seokyung An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choonghyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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22
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Balat K, Pazarlı AC, İnönü Köseoğlu H, Yaşayancan N, Demir O. Importance of Anthropometric Measurements to Determine Cardiometabolic Diseases in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Turk Thorac J 2021; 22:11-17. [PMID: 33646098 DOI: 10.5152/turkthoracj.2020.19105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is considered a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This study aimed to examine the correlation between anthropometric measurements, which have been recently defined and are indicative of abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, OSAS severity, and polysomnography (PSG) parameters in patients with OSAS. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent all-night polysomnography with a prediagnosis of OSAS. These patients were categorized as having mild (5-15), moderate (15-30), and severe (>30) OSAS according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The anthropometric measurements used in the study consisted of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), (waist/hip)-to-height ratio (WHHR), a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and conicity index (CI). RESULTS A total of 410 individuals were enrolled in the study (31 control subjects and 129 with mild, 101 with moderate, and 149 with severe OSAS). A significant difference was observed between groups in terms of all anthropometric measurements (p<0.05). The difference between the groups was significant in terms of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between each of the anthropometric measurements and the PSG parameters. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, cutoff values that predicted severe OSAS were ABSI>0.08, BAI>28.29, AVI>25.54, and CI>1.37. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that age, sex, and AVI were independent predictors that determine OSAS presence. CONCLUSION Anthropometric parameters that are indicators of abdominal obesity were found to be robustly correlated with cardiometabolic diseases and the severity of OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Balat
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cemal Pazarlı
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Handan İnönü Köseoğlu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Yaşayancan
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Osman Demir
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Gaziosmanpaşa University School of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
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23
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Trotter MG, Coulter TJ, Davis PA, Poulus DR, Polman R. The Association between Esports Participation, Health and Physical Activity Behaviour. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17197329. [PMID: 33049914 PMCID: PMC7579013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between obesity, self-reported physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and perceived health in esports players, and the influence of player in-game rank. Data was collected with an online survey with an international participant sample of esports players representing five esports and all skill levels (n = 1772). Esports players were more likely to be categorized as normal weight, or obesity class 2 and 3 and as non-smokers (92%) and non-drinkers (65.1%) compared to international reference data. Esports players met international physical activity guidelines less than global general population. Esports players ranked in the top 10% were more physically active compared to the remaining esports players. As esports player in-game rank increased, so did the amount of time spent playing esports. Although esports players appear generally healthy, a small group was significantly obese and most esports players did not meet physical activity guidelines, indicating potential future health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Trotter
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Health Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia; (T.J.C.); (D.R.P.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tristan J. Coulter
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Health Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia; (T.J.C.); (D.R.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Dylan R Poulus
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Health Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia; (T.J.C.); (D.R.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Remco Polman
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Health Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia; (T.J.C.); (D.R.P.); (R.P.)
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24
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Akbarzade Z, Mohammadpour S, Djafarian K, Clark CCT, Ghorbaninejad P, Mohtashami M, Shab-Bidar S. Breakfast-Based Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Tehranian Adults. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:222-232. [PMID: 32930101 PMCID: PMC7539348 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast is an important meal of the day that contributes to an overall healthy dietary pattern, better nutrient intake, and diet quality. This study sought to investigate the relationship between breakfast patterns and general and central obesity among middle-aged adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 840 apparently healthy women and men, aged 20-59 years, we assessed usual dietary intake by means of three 24-hour dietary recalls and we took anthropometric measurements. Dietary patterns were subsequently identified by factor analysis. To assess the association between breakfast composition and central and general obesity, logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS We identified three major dietary patterns by factor analysis: the "bread and grains, meat products, and coffee" dietary pattern, the "sweets, tea and coffee" dietary pattern, and the "fruits, vegetables, and eggs" dietary pattern. Those people in the third tertile of the "sweets, tea and coffee" dietary category had a greater chance of having central obesity (odds ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.59; P=0.001). Moreover, higher adherence to the "bread and grains, meat products, and coffee" pattern increased the chance of central obesity (odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-1.97; P=0.03). CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that specific breakfast dietary patterns are associated with increased odds of central obesity in Iranian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Akbarzade
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Mohammadpour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Parivash Ghorbaninejad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohtashami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Eissa MS, Abdellateif MS, Elesawy YF, Shaarawy S, Al-Jarhi UM. Obesity and Waist Circumference are Possible Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: Correlation with Different Ultrasonography Criteria. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:6077-6089. [PMID: 32801859 PMCID: PMC7382758 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s256268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity has an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer; however, there are no clear mechanisms explaining the association between obesity and risk of thyroid cancer (TC). Methods It is a cross-sectional study including 184 patients with benign thyroid nodules (BN) and 19 patients with TC. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist/hip (W/H) ratio were assessed and correlated to relevant clinico-pathological features of the patients, different ultra-sonographic (U/S) criteria and risk of malignancy. Results There was a significant increase in BMI, WC and W/H ratio in TC patients compared to BN group (P=0.001, 0.011 and 0.003). Increased BMI, WC and HC were associated significantly with solid nodules (P<0.05). WC increased in hypoechoic (103.1±15.4cm) and heterogeneous (103.8±16.7cm) nodules, compared to isoechoic (97.3±15.5cm) and hyperechoic (96.1±10cm) nodules (P=0.046). It also increased with lymph nodes enlargement (P=0.04). There was a significant association between WC and TIRADS classification (P=0.032), as it increased with TR4b (118.5 ± 12.9 cm) and TR5 (117.3 ± 13.9 cm) compared to TR2 (114.1 ± 15.7 cm, P=0.025 and 0.008, respectively). WC is an independent predictor for TC [OR: 1.092, CI: 1.020-1.170, P=0.012]. It achieved sensitivity, specificity and AUC (71.4%, 68.7% and 0.750; respectively), at a cutoff value of 108.5 cm (P=0.003), and when combined with BMI at a cutoff value of 32.59 (77.8% and 68.4%, respectively, AUC: 0.780, P<0.001). Conclusion Central adiposity is strongly associated with the risk of TC. WC is more superior to BMI when correlated with TIRADS classification and also is an independent predictor for TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S Eissa
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona S Abdellateif
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine F Elesawy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sabry Shaarawy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ula M Al-Jarhi
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Thomas R, Ambookan PV, Jose J, Unnikrishnan UG. The accuracy of anthropometric measurements of general and central obesity for the prediction of impaired glucose tolerance among the adult population of South India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:3416-3420. [PMID: 33102306 PMCID: PMC7567263 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_269_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The distribution of body fat and its variation is of great importance in determining the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Central obesity has been recognized as an independent risk factor for diabetes. The objective of the study was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of various anthropometric measures of body fat in determining impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or prediabetes among South Indian population. METHODOLOGY This was a community-based comparative cross-sectional study where the anthropometric measures of a representative sample of 171 individuals with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the range for IGT were compared with age- and gender-matched controls with HbA1c in the normal range. The predictive accuracy of the various anthropometric measures of obesity to identify individuals with IGT was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Patients with IGT in both genders had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). ROC analysis revealed WHtR in females and NC among males to have the largest area under the curve for predicting IGT. In both genders, WC, WHtR, and NC had better predictive accuracy for prediabetes as compared to BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). CONCLUSION It is suggested that the WHtR and WC are better screening tools for prediabetes in comparison to BMI and WHR among the South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Thomas
- Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Prashanth Varkey Ambookan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Jobinse Jose
- Department of Nephrology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - U. G. Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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27
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Rico-Martín S, Calderón-García JF, Sánchez-Rey P, Franco-Antonio C, Martínez Alvarez M, Sánchez Muñoz-Torrero JF. Effectiveness of body roundness index in predicting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13023. [PMID: 32267621 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Body roundness index (BRI) is a new anthropometric index developed to predict both body fat and the percentage of visceral adipose tissue. Our aim was to investigate whether BRI is superior to traditional anthropometric indices in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. The estimated pooled areas under curve (AUCs) for BRI predicting MetS was higher than body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body shape index (ABSI) and body adiposity index (BAI), similar to waist circumference (WC) and lower than waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). However, the difference between BRI and BMI, WC and WHtR predicting MetS was statistically non-significant. Similar results were found with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-SROC). In addition, the non-Chinese population had pooled AUCs greater than the Chinese population for all indices. Pooled ORs showed that BRI is associated with an increased MetS risk. In conclusion, BRI had good discriminatory power for MetS in adults of both sexes from diverse populations (AUC > 0.7; AUC-SROC>0.7). However, WC and WHtR offer the best performance when screening for MetS, and non-significant differences were found with BRI. In contrast, BRI was superior to BMI, WHR, ABSI and BAI in predicting MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rico-Martín
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Julían F Calderón-García
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Purificación Sánchez-Rey
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Cristina Franco-Antonio
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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Cameron AJ, Romaniuk H, Orellana L, Dallongeville J, Dobson AJ, Drygas W, Ferrario M, Ferrieres J, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Iacoviello L, Jousilahti P, Kee F, Moitry M, Niiranen TJ, Pająk A, Palmieri L, Palosaari T, Satu M, Tamosiunas A, Thorand B, Toft U, Vanuzzo D, Veikko S, Veronesi G, Wilsgaard T, Kuulasmaa K, Söderberg S. Combined Influence of Waist and Hip Circumference on Risk of Death in a Large Cohort of European and Australian Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015189. [PMID: 32602397 PMCID: PMC7670538 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Waist circumference and hip circumference are both strongly associated with risk of death; however, their joint association has rarely been investigated. Methods and Results The MONICA Risk, Genetics, Archiving, and Monograph (MORGAM) Project was conducted in 30 cohorts from 11 countries; 90 487 men and women, aged 30 to 74 years, predominantly white, with no history of cardiovascular disease, were recruited in 1986 to 2010 and followed up for up to 24 years. Hazard ratios were estimated using sex‐specific Cox models, stratified by cohort, with age as the time scale. Models included baseline categorical obesity measures, age, total and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. A total of 9105 all‐cause deaths were recorded during a median follow‐up of 10 years. Hazard ratios for all‐cause death presented J‐ or U‐shaped associations with most obesity measures. With waist and hip circumference included in the same model, for all hip sizes, having a smaller waist was strongly associated with lower risk of death, except for men with the smallest hips. In addition, among those with smaller waists, hip size was strongly negatively associated with risk of death, with ≈20% more people identified as being at increased risk compared with waist circumference alone. Conclusions A more complex relationship between hip circumference, waist circumference, and risk of death is revealed when both measures are considered simultaneously. This is particularly true for individuals with smaller waists, where having larger hips was protective. Considering both waist and hip circumference in the clinical setting could help to best identify those at increased risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J. Cameron
- Global Obesity CentreInstitute for Health TransformationDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Helena Romaniuk
- Biostatistics UnitFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Biostatistics UnitFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongAustralia
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Unité d’Epidémiologie et de Santé PubliqueInserm‐U1167Institut Pasteur de LilleLilleFrance
| | - Annette J. Dobson
- School of Public HealthUniversity of QueenslandHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology CVD Prevention and Health PromotionCardinal Wyszynski National Institute of CardiologyWarsawPoland
| | - Marco Ferrario
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- Department of CardiologyToulouse University School of MedicineToulouseFrance
| | - Simona Giampaoli
- Department of CardiovascularEndocrine‐Metabolic Diseases and AgingIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Mediterranea CardiocentroNapoliItaly
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
- University of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and PreventionIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico NeuromedPozzilliItaly
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
- University of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health SolutionsFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public HealthInstitute for Health SciencesQueen’s University, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical SciencesBelfastNorthern Ireland
| | - Marie Moitry
- Department of Public HealthUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgFrance
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity of StrasbourgFrance
| | - Teemu J. Niiranen
- Department of Public Health SolutionsFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
- Department of MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population StudiesJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of CardiovascularEndocrine‐Metabolic Diseases and AgingIstituto Superiore di SanitàRomeItaly
| | - Tarja Palosaari
- Department of Public Health SolutionsFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Männistö Satu
- Department of Public Health SolutionsFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Department of Population StudiesInstitute of CardiologyLithuanian University of Health SciencesKaunasLithuania
| | - Barbara Thorand
- German Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute of EpidemiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | - Ulla Toft
- Center for Clinical Research and PreventionBispebjerg and Frederiksberg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Salomaa Veikko
- Department of Public Health SolutionsFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community MedicineThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Department of Public Health SolutionsFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, and Heart CentreUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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Wali N, Gwarzo M, Ibrahim S. Hip circumference correlates negatively with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Sahel Med J 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/smj.smj_14_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Patil S, Joglekar C, Mohite R, Surve M, Sonawane S, Chavan R. Menarche among rural adolescent girls in Dervan (Data from the KONKAN region of the state of Maharashtra, India). J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5276-5281. [PMID: 33409202 PMCID: PMC7773089 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_509_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Malik SK, Kouame J, Gbane M, Coulibaly M, Ake MD, Ake O. Prevalence of abdominal obesity and its correlates among adults in a peri-urban population of West Africa. AIMS Public Health 2019; 6:334-344. [PMID: 31637282 PMCID: PMC6779594 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2019.3.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prevalence of abdominal obesity dramatically increases both in developed countries and in developing countries. In several regions in Africa, obesity (especially abdominal) is seen as a sign of affluence, dignity and respect. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence of abdominal obesity and seek some factors associated in a peri-urban population of West Africa. Methods During April-May 2014, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Anonkoi 3, a neighborhood of Abidjan (Ivory Coast). Adults of 18 years old and over, not bedridden were included. Sampling was done in two stages. First, we selected the households. Then in each household we randomly chose one adult. Abdominal obesity was measured using a measuring tape and defined by waist circumference ratio (TT) to hip circumference (TH) greater or equal to 0.80 in women and greater or equal to 0.95 in men. Data from sociodemographic, corpulence, socioeconomic level, food habit, level of physical activity and blood pressure were analyzed. Univariate analysis using the Pearson KHI-square test at a significance level of 0.05 and a logistic regression was performed. Results We visited 486 households in which 486 people aged 36.1 ± 12.83 years agreed to participate in the study. Prevalence of abdominal obesity was 50.8%. Those aged 30–45 years, women, couples, those with a primary level of education, the poor, people with high blood pressure, subjects less active and obese (general obesity) had more abdominal obesity. After logistic regression, individuals aged 30–45 years (adjusted OR = 2.35; p = 0.004) and 45 years and older (adjusted OR = 3.18; p = 0.001); females (adjusted OR = 49.05; p = 0.000); hypertension (adjusted OR = 2.26; p = 0.014) and obesity (OR = 2.94; p = 0.009). Conclusion This work allowed us to estimate a relatively high prevalence of abdominal obesity in a peri-urban African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone K Malik
- Unit of Cardiology, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Jerome Kouame
- Department of Public Health, Hydrology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University Felix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Mory Gbane
- Nutrition Department, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Madikiny Coulibaly
- Maternal and Child Health, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Michèle D Ake
- Pharmacy-Nutrition Laboratory, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Odile Ake
- Nutrition Department, National Institute of Public Health, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
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Qian X, Su C, Zhang B, Qin G, Wang H, Wu Z. Changes in distributions of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio over an 18-year period among Chinese adults: a longitudinal study using quantile regression. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:700. [PMID: 31170949 PMCID: PMC6555739 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the long-term shifts in distributions of three abdominal-obesity-related indicators, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) among Chinese adults. Traditional mean regression models used in the previous analyses were limited in their ability to capture cross-distribution among effects. The current study aims to describe the shift in distribution of WC, WHpR, and WHtR over a period of 18 years (1993-2011) in China, and to reveal quantile-specific associations of the three indicators with key covariates. METHODS Longitudinal data from seven waves of the China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS) in 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011 were analyzed. The LMS method was used to illustrate the gender-specific quantile curves of WC, WHtR and WHpR over age. Separate gender-stratified longitudinal quantile regressions were employed to investigate the effect of important factors on the trends of the three indicators. RESULTS A total of 11,923 participants aged 18-65 years with 49,507 observations were included in the analysis. The density curves of WC, WHtR and WHpR shifted to right and became wider. The three outcomes all increased with age and increased more at upper percentiles. From the multivariate quantile regression, physical activity was negatively associated in both genders; smoking only had a negative effect on male indicators. Education and drinking behavior both had opposite effects on the three indicators between men and women. Marital status and income were positively associated with the shifts in WC, WHtR and WHpR in male and female WC, while urbanicity index had a positive effect on three outcomes in men but inconsistent effect among female outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The abdominal-obesity related indicators of the Chinese adults experienced rapid growth according to our population-based, age- and gender-specific analyses. Over the 18-year study period, major increases in WC, WHtR and WHpR were observed among Chinese adults. Specifically, these increases were greater at upper percentiles and in men. Age, physical activity, energy intake, drinking, smoking, education, income and urbanicity index were associated with elevated abdominal obesity indicators, and the effects differed among percentiles and between genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Qian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety and Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Su
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyou Qin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety and Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety and Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Nalini M, Sharafkhah M, Poustchi H, Sepanlou SG, Pourshams A, Radmard AR, Khoshnia M, Gharavi A, Dawsey SM, Abnet CC, Boffetta P, Brennan P, Sotoudeh M, Nikmanesh A, Merat S, Etemadi A, Shakeri R, Malekzadeh R, Kamangar F. Comparing Anthropometric Indicators of Visceral and General Adiposity as Determinants of Overall and Cardiovascular Mortality. Arch Iran Med 2019; 22:301-309. [PMID: 31356096 PMCID: PMC8843234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear which anthropometric obesity indicator best predicts adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and hip-adjusted WC with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. METHODS 50045 people aged 40-75 (58% women, median BMI: 26.3 kg /m2 ) participated in the population-based Golestan Cohort Study. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association of obesity indicators with mortality. We also examined the association of these indicators with intermediate outcomes, including hypertension, blood glucose, dyslipidemia, carotid atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and visceral abdominal fat. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 10.9 years (success rate: 99.1%), 6651 deaths (2778 cardiovascular) occurred. Comparing 5th to the 1st quintile, HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 1.12 (1.02-1.22) and 1.59 (1.39-1.83) for BMI, 1.16 (1.07-1.27) and 1.66 (1.44-1.90) for WC, 1.28 (1.17-1.40) and 1.88 (1.63-2.18) for WHtR, 1.44 (1.32-1.58) and 2.04 (1.76-2.36) for WHR, and 1.84 (1.62-2.09) and 2.72 (2.23-3.32) for hip-adjusted WC, respectively. Hip-adjusted WC had the strongest associations with the intermediate outcomes. CONCLUSION Indicators of visceral adiposity (e.g., hip-adjusted WC) were much stronger predictors of overall and cardiovascular mortality than were indicators of general adiposity (e.g., BMI). The full-strength effect of visceral adiposity becomes apparent only when both WC, as a risk factor, and hip circumference, as a protective factor, are individually and simultaneously taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Nalini
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Radmard
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Nikmanesh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Merat
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ramin Shakeri
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity has increased in South Asian countries that are still grappling with undernutrition. In this review, we highlight the characteristics of obesity, its relation to morbidities, and its management in South Asians. A literature search was conducted using relevant search engines and based on key words focusing on obesity in South Asians. RECENT FINDINGS The increasing trend in obesity prevalence is caused by imbalanced diets and physical inactivity. South Asians, in general, have higher body fat and lower skeletal muscle mass at the same or lower BMIs compared to white people ("high body fat-normal BMI-low muscle mass" phenotype). In addition, excess abdominal adiposity, typically seen in South Asians, and increased hepatic fat (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) are associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Challenges in treatment include lack of awareness regarding correct diets and non-compliance to diet and exercise regimens. Social and cultural issues limit physical activity in South Asian women. Finally, there is a lack of expert health professionals to deal with increased cases of obesity. Aggressive management of obesity is required in South Asians, with more intensive and earlier diet and exercise interventions (i.e., at lower BMI levels than internationally accepted). At a population level, there is no clear policy for tackling obesity in any South Asian country. Prevention strategies focusing on obesity in childhood and the creation of food and activity environments that encourage healthy lifestyles should be firmly applied. Obesity in South Asians should be evaluated with ethnic-specific guidelines and prevention and management strategies should be applied early and aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Misra
- Metabolic Diseases and Allied Specialties, Fortis-C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India.
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India.
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India.
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Shajith Anoop
- Metabolic Diseases and Allied Specialties, Fortis-C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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Gomez-Marcos MA, Gomez-Sanchez L, Patino-Alonso MC, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Gomez-Sanchez M, Rigo F, Marti R, Agudo-Conde C, Maderuelo-Fernandez JA, Ramos R, Garcia-Ortiz L, Rodriguez-Sanchez E. Capacity adiposity indices to identify metabolic syndrome in subjects with intermediate cardiovascular risk (MARK study). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209992. [PMID: 30682054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity increases mortality, and is linked to cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of different adiposity indices to identify subjects with MetS among people with intermediate cariovascular risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cross-sectional study involved 2478 subjects, recruited by the MARK study. Adiposity measures: general adiposity by body mass index (BMI), central adiposity by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat mass percent by the Clínica Universidad de Navarra-body adiposity estimator (CUN-BAE), percentage of body fat and of visceral adipose tissue by body roundness index (BRI) and visceral obesity and general adiposity with body shape index (ABSI). The diagnosis of MetS was made in accordance with the criteria established in the international consensus of the Joint Scientific Statement National Cholesterol Education Program III. RESULTS The highest correlation coefficients were obtained by the glycemic components (HbA1c and FPG) of the MetS and ranged from 0.155 to 0.320. The exception was ABSI, which showed lower values in the global analysis and in the males. Values of the area under the ROC curve with the adiposity indices ranged from 0.773 with the BMI in males to 0.567 with ABSI in males. In the logistic regression analysis, all adiposity factors, except ABSI, showed similar OR values of MetS after adjusting for possible confounding factors. In the global analysis, the adiposity index that showed a highest OR of MetS was CUN-BAE (OR 5.50; 95% CI 4.27-7.09). In the analysis by gender, the highest ORs were BMI in males (OR 5.98; 95% CI 4.70-7.60) and both WHtR and BRI in females (OR 4.15; 95% CI 3.09-5.58). CONCLUSION All adiposity indices, except for ABSI, show an association with MetS and similar ability to detect subjects with MetS among people with intermediate cariovascular risk.
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Ellulu MS. Obesity, Hypertension, and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Interrelationships and the Determinants among Adults in Gaza City, Palestine. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018; 9:289-298. [PMID: 30584492 PMCID: PMC6296808 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.6.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the distribution of social factors, lifestyle habits and anthropometric measurements according to hypertension and Type-2 diabetes. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gaza City, Palestine that included 379 patients (20-60 years) who had hypertension and/or diabetes. Three groups of patients were involved; 106 hypertensive (HT), 109 diabetic (T2DM) and 164 hypertensive diabetics (HT + T2DM). RESULTS The HT + T2DM group were older and had a higher body mass index compared to HT and T2DM groups. There were 62.3% patients who were female, 49.2% were highly educated HT patients, and 49.3% patients had a low level of education and were HT + T2DM. There were 55.8% patients who lived in large families. Patients who were passive smokers or never smoked before were mostly HT + T2DM, while active smokers and past smokers had T2DM. There were 48.2% patients who were highly physically active who had HT, 40.9% whom were moderately active had T2DM, and 53.8% of patients who had a low level of activity were HT + T2DM. Multivariate linear regression showed that having a diseased mother, living in a large family, being a past or passive smoker, or never having smoked, having a low or moderate level of activity, and having HT or HT + T2DM, were significantly associated with an increased body mass index. CONCLUSION Parental health/disease conditions and environmental factors (social network and lifestyle habits) played the greatest role in the development of obesity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza, Palestine
- Clinical Nutrition Specialist, Gaza, Palestine
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Ibrahim Abdalla MM, Siew Choo S. Salivary Leptin Level in Young Adult Males and its Association with Anthropometric Measurements, Fat Distribution and Muscle Mass. Eur Endocrinol 2018; 14:94-98. [PMID: 30349601 PMCID: PMC6182931 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2018.14.2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: 1) To assess salivary leptin levels in normal-underweight versus overweight and obese healthy adult males aged 18–25 years old. 2) The relative contribution of anthropometric measurements, fat percentage, fat distribution (visceral versus subcutaneous) and total as well as regional muscle mass in arms, trunk and legs respectively in predicting salivary leptin levels. Methods: A total of 92 adult males were classified into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI): normal-underweight, BMI <24.9 kg/m2 (n=51); overweight-obese, BMI >25 kg/m2 (n=41). Anthropometric measurements such as BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were measured through standardised methods. Fat percentage, visceral fat level, subcutaneous fat and muscle mass (total and regional) were measured using Karada scan bioelectrical impedance method. Fasting saliva samples were collected and used for assessing salivary leptin concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed a significant difference between the two groups in all of the parameters measured except height and salivary leptin levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that HC, WC and WHR were good predictors for salivary leptin levels in normal-underweight group. However, in the overweight-obese group, height was the most important independent variable that could predict salivary leptin levels as a dependent variable. Conclusions: Predictors for salivary leptin levels in adult healthy males are different in normal-underweight subjects from overweight-obese subjects. The most important predictor for salivary leptin levels is HC in normal weight subjects, while it is height in overweight and obese healthy adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Soon Siew Choo
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Krakauer NY, Krakauer JC. Untangling Waist Circumference and Hip Circumference from Body Mass Index with a Body Shape Index, Hip Index, and Anthropometric Risk Indicator. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:160-165. [PMID: 29649376 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) corrects body weight for height and is well established for diagnosing overweight and obesity and correlating with many medical conditions. Waist circumference (WC) is used to diagnose abdominal obesity. However, the correlation of BMI and WC is high, around 0.9, making the use of BMI and WC in concert challenging. A body shape index (ABSI) is a new measure of risk associated with abdominal size. Derived in 2012, ABSI is analogous to BMI in that it normalizes WC for weight and height (and thus to BMI). A similar derivation led to hip index (HI), normalizing hip circumference for BMI. Hazard ratios (HRs) for univariate risk associations of the independent measures height, BMI, ABSI, and HI can be multiplied to give a combined HR, the anthropometric risk indicator (ARI). Compared to any one anthropometric factor, including BMI and WC, ARI more accurately estimates personalized mortality hazard. Published work on ABSI, HI, and ARI supports their association with many aspects of health, including cardiometabolic conditions related to the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Y Krakauer
- 1 Department of Civil Engineering, City College of New York , New York, New York
| | - Jesse C Krakauer
- 2 Metro Detroit Diabetes and Endocrinology , Southfield, Michigan
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Nilsson G, Hedberg P, Leppert J, Ohrvik J. Basic Anthropometric Measures in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients and Individually Sex- and Age-Matched Controls from the General Population. J Obes 2018; 2018:3839482. [PMID: 30533220 PMCID: PMC6247440 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3839482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared weight, height, waist and hip circumferences (hip), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio in acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients and individually sex- and age-matched control subjects from the general population in the catchment area of the patients and predicted the risk of MI status by these basic anthropometric measures. The study cohort comprised 748 patients ≤80 years of age with acute MI from a major Swedish cardiac center and their individually sex- and age-matched controls. The analyses were stratified for sex and age (≤65/≥66 years). Risk of MI was assessed by conditional logistic regression. A narrow hip in men ≥66 years was the single strongest risk factor of MI among the anthropometric measures. The combination of hip and weight was particularly efficient in discriminating men ≥66 years with MI from their controls (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve = 0.82). In men ≤65 years, the best combination was hip, BMI, and height (AUROC = 0.79). In women ≥66 years, the best discriminatory model contained only waist-to-hip ratio (AUROC = 0.67), whereas in women ≤65 years, the best combination was hip and BMI (AUROC = 0.68). A narrow hip reasonably reflects small gluteal muscles. This finding might suggest an association between MI and sarcopenia, possibly related to deficiencies in physical activity and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Nilsson
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Vastmanland-Uppsala University, Hospital of Vastmanland, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Pär Hedberg
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Vastmanland-Uppsala University, Hospital of Vastmanland, Västerås, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Hospital of Vastmanland, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Jerzy Leppert
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Vastmanland-Uppsala University, Hospital of Vastmanland, Västerås, Sweden
| | - John Ohrvik
- Center for Clinical Research, Region Vastmanland-Uppsala University, Hospital of Vastmanland, Västerås, Sweden
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Owolabi EO, Ter Goon D, Adeniyi OV. Central obesity and normal-weight central obesity among adults attending healthcare facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa: a cross-sectional study. J Health Popul Nutr 2017; 36:54. [PMID: 29282137 PMCID: PMC5745975 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-017-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central obesity (CO) confers a significant threat on the cardio-metabolic health of individuals, independently of overall obesity. Disparities in the measures of fat distribution lead to misclassification of individuals who are at risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of central obesity and normal-weight central obesity among adults attending selected healthcare facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), South Africa, assess their health risk and examine the association between central obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases among adults with normal weight, measured by body mass index (BMI). METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 998 adults was carried out at the three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM. Overall and central obesity were assessed using BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHTR). The WHO STEPwise questionnaire was used for data collection. Blood pressure and blood glucose were measured. Normal-weight central obesity was defined as CO among individuals with normal weight, as assessed by BMI. Health risk levels were assessed using the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) BMI-WC composite index. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the prevalence of CO, normal-weight central obesity and the predictors of CO. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 42.6 (± 16.5) years. The prevalence of CO was 67.0, 58.0 and 71.0% by WC, WHR and WHTR, respectively. The prevalence of normal-weight central obesity was 26.9, 36.9 and 29.5% by WC, WHR and WHTR, respectively. About 41% of the participants had a very high health risk, 13% had increased risk or high risk and 33% had no health risk. Central obesity was significantly associated with hypertension but not associated with diabetes among those with normal weight (by BMI). Female sex, age over 30 years, marriage, secondary or tertiary level of education, non-smoking status, diabetes and hypertension significantly predicted central obesity among the study participants. CONCLUSION The prevalence of central obesity among the study participants is high, irrespective of the defining criteria. One in three adults of normal weight had central obesity. Body mass index should therefore not be used alone for clinical assessment by healthcare workers in the study setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, 5271 South Africa
| | - Daniel Ter Goon
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, 5271 South Africa
| | - Oladele Vincent Adeniyi
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University/Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London Hospital Complex, East London, South Africa
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Abstract
Abstract
Objectives. Body fat content, fat distribution, and adiponectin level are important variables in the development of obesity related complications. Anthropometric indices may provide an economic and faster method in measuring the risk for complications through their predictive effect of fat distribution and adiponectin concentration. We aimed to determine, which of the waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) may be the best predictor for the total fat percentage (WF), visceral fat level (VF), and subcutaneous whole-body fat (SCWBF). We aimed also to investigate the potential use of the anthropometric measures and fat distribution as predictors for the salivary adiponectin level in the healthy adult males. Subjects. A total of 88 adult males aged between 18−25 years with a wide range of BMI were studied. Anthropometric indices were measured using standardized methods and salivary adiponectin level was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. In path analysis of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using IBM@SPSS AMOS, version22, BMI and WC, but not WHR, were strong predictors for WF and SCWBF (p<0.05). BMI but not WC was a strong predictor for VF (p<0.001). WF was strong predictor for SCWBF (p<0.001), but not for VF. BMI, WC, WHR, WF, VF, and SCWBF were poor predictors of the salivary adiponectin level. Conclusion. BMI is the best predictor for the total body fat and fat distribution. However, WHR seems to be of a little value and the salivary adiponectin level independent of BMI and body fat in healthy adult Malay males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia , Egypt
| | - S. C. Soon
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Tripolino C, Irace C, Carallo C, Scavelli FB, Gnasso A. Body fat and blood rheology: Evaluation of the association between different adiposity indices and blood viscosity. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2017; 65:241-248. [PMID: 27716654 DOI: 10.3233/ch-16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, new measures of body adiposity have been introduced: lipid accumulation product (LAP), body adiposity index (BAI) and body shape index (ABSI). These indices have been demonstrated to better associate with cardiovascular disease than other measures of adiposity. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate if LAP or BAI better associate with blood viscosity than other measures of adiposity (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference, WC; waist-to-hip ratio, W/HR; waist-to-height ratio, W/HtR). METHODS 344 subjects were recruited for the present investigation. Exclusion criteria were: diabetes, elevated triglycerides, smoking and drug use. Blood lipids and glucose were measured by routine methods. Blood and plasma viscosity were measured by a cone-plate viscometer. Adiposity measures were computed as previously described. RESULTS In simple correlation analyses, blood viscosity (BV) correlated with BMI, BAI, and LAP in males and with LAP in females. Correlations between plasma viscosity and adiposity indices were weak and not statistically significant. Other variables significantly related with BV were: gender, HDL- and LDL-Cholesterol, and triglycerides (p < 0.05). In multiple regression analysis only LAP was associated with BV. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that LAP index is strongly associated to blood viscosity. This result, along with previous evidence, identifies LAP index as a potential cardiovascular risk marker.
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Peters A. Die Selfish-Brain-Theorie. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-017-0122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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de Toro-Martín J, Guénard F, Tchernof A, Deshaies Y, Pérusse L, Biron S, Lescelleur O, Biertho L, Marceau S, Vohl MC. A GWAS follow-up of obesity-related SNPs in SYPL2 reveals sex-specific association with hip circumference. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:407-414. [PMID: 28090346 PMCID: PMC5192540 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A novel single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with morbid obesity was recently identified by exome sequencing. The purpose of this study was to follow up this low‐frequency coding SNP located within the SYPL2 locus and associated with body mass index in order to reveal novel associations with obesity‐related traits. Methods The body mass index‐associated SNP (rs62623713 A>G [chr1:109476817/hg19]) and two tagging SNPs within the SYPL2 locus, rs9661614 T>C (chr1:109479215) and rs485660 G>A (chr1:109480810), were genotyped in the obesity (n = 3,017) and the infogene (n = 676) cohorts, which were further combined, leading to a larger cohort of 3,693 individuals. Association testing was performed by general linear models in the obesity cohort and validated by joint analysis in the combined cohort. Results rs9661614 and rs485660 were significantly associated with hip circumference (HC) in the obesity cohort, with heterozygotes exhibiting a significantly lower HC. These results were validated by joint analysis for rs9661614 (false discovery rate [FDR]‐corrected P = 7.5 × 10−4) and, to a lesser extent, for rs485660 (FDR corrected P = 3.9 × 10−2). The association with HC remained significant for rs9661614 when tested independently in women (FDR‐corrected P = 1.7 × 10−2), but not for rs485660 (FDR‐corrected P = 0.2). Both associations were absent in men. Conclusions This study reveals strong evidence for a novel association between rs9661614 (T>C) and HC in women, which likely reflects a preferential association of SYPL2 to a gynoid profile of fat distribution. The study findings support a clinical significance of SYPL2 worth considering when assessing risk factors associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Toro-Martín
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada; School of Nutrition Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - F Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada; School of Nutrition Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - A Tchernof
- School of Nutrition Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada; Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - Y Deshaies
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center Quebec Quebec Canada; Department of Medicine Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - L Pérusse
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada; Department of Kinesiology Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - S Biron
- Department of Surgery Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - O Lescelleur
- Department of Surgery Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - L Biertho
- Department of Surgery Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - S Marceau
- Department of Surgery Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
| | - M-C Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada; School of Nutrition Laval University Quebec Quebec Canada
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Krakauer NY, Krakauer JC. An Anthropometric Risk Index Based on Combining Height, Weight, Waist, and Hip Measurements. J Obes 2016; 2016:8094275. [PMID: 27830087 PMCID: PMC5088335 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8094275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) can be considered an application of a power law model to express body weight independently of height. Based on the same power law principle, we previously introduced a body shape index (ABSI) to be independent of BMI and height. Here, we develop a new hip index (HI) whose normalized value is independent of height, BMI, and ABSI. Similar to BMI, HI demonstrates a U-shaped relationship to mortality in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) population. We further develop a new anthropometric risk index (ARI) by adding log hazard ratios from separate nonlinear regressions of the four indicators, height, BMI, ABSI, and HI, against NHANES III mortality hazard. ARI far outperforms any of the individual indicators as a linear mortality predictor in NHANES III. The superior performance of ARI also holds for predicting mortality hazard in the independent Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Thus, HI, along with BMI and ABSI, can capture the risk profile associated with body size and shape. These can be combined in a risk indicator that utilizes complementary information from height, weight, and waist and hip circumference. The combined ARI is promising for further research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Y. Krakauer
- Department of Civil Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Georgakouli K, Mpesios A, Kouretas D, Petrotos K, Mitsagga C, Giavasis I, Jamurtas AZ. The Effects of an Olive Fruit Polyphenol-Enriched Yogurt on Body Composition, Blood Redox Status, Physiological and Metabolic Parameters and Yogurt Microflora. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060344. [PMID: 27271664 PMCID: PMC4924185 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effects of an olive polyphenol-enriched yogurt on yogurt microflora, as well as hematological, physiological and metabolic parameters, blood redox status and body composition. In a randomized double-blind, crossover design, 16 (6 men, 10 women) nonsmoking volunteers with non-declared pathology consumed either 400 g of olive fruit polyphenol-enriched yogurt with 50 mg of encapsulated olive polyphenols (experimental condition—EC) or 400 g of plain yogurt (control condition—CC) every day for two weeks. Physiological measurements and blood collection were performed before and after two weeks of each condition. The results showed that body weight, body mass index, hip circumference and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly (p < 0.05) following the two-week consumption of yogurt regardless of condition. A tendency towards significance for decreased levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p = 0.06) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (p < 0.05) following two weeks of polyphenol-enriched yogurt consumption was observed. The population of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and production of lactate in yogurt were significantly enhanced after addition of olive polyphenols, contrary to the population of yeasts and molds. The results indicate that consumption of the polyphenol-enriched yogurt may help individuals with non-declared pathology reduce body weight, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol levels and lipid peroxidation, and promote growth of beneficial LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Georgakouli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece.
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, Trikala 42100, Greece.
| | - Anastasios Mpesios
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece.
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41221, Greece.
| | | | - Chrysanthi Mitsagga
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Institute of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Institute of Thessaly, Karditsa 43100, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, Greece.
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly, Trikala 42100, Greece.
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Alberdi-Aresti G, Ramos-Carrera N, Lázaro-Masedo S. Prevalencia de obesidad general y obesidad abdominal en la población adulta española (25–64 años) 2014–2015: estudio ENPE. Rev Esp Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Barrios P, Martin-Biggers J, Quick V, Byrd-Bredbenner C. Reliability and criterion validity of self-measured waist, hip, and neck circumferences. BMC Med Res Methodol 2016; 16:49. [PMID: 27145829 PMCID: PMC4855335 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-016-0150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Waist, hip, and neck circumference measurements are cost-effective, non-invasive, useful markers for body fat distribution and disease risk. For epidemiology and intervention studies, including body circumference measurements in self-report surveys could be informative. However, few studies have assessed the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of a self-report tool feasible for use in large scale studies. Methods At home, mothers of young children viewed a brief, online instructional video on how to measure their waist, hip, and neck circumferences. Afterwards, they created a homemade paper measuring tape from a downloaded file with scissors and tape, took all measurements in duplicate, and entered them into an online survey. A few weeks later, participants visited an anthropometrics lab where they measured themselves again, and trained technicians (n = 9) measured participants in duplicate using standard equipment and procedures. To assess differences between self- and technician-measured circumferences, duplicate measurements for participant home self-measurements, participant lab self-measurements, and technician measurements each were averaged and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests conducted. Agreement between all possible pairs of measurements were examined using Intraclass Correlations (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots. Results Participants (n = 41; aged 38.05 ± 3.54SD years; 71 % white) were all mothers that had at least one child under the age of 12 yrs. Technical error of measurements for self- and technician- duplicate measurements varied little (0.08 to 0.76 inches) and had very high reliability (≥0.90). Intraclass Correlations (ICC) comparing self vs technician were high (0.97, 0.96, and 0.84 for waist, hip, and neck). Comparison of self-measurements at home vs lab revealed high test-retest reliability (ICC ≥ 0.87). Differences between participant self- and technician measurements were small (i.e., mean difference ranged from −0.13 to 0.06 inches) with nearly all (≥93 %) differences within Bland-Altman limits of agreement and <10 % exceeding the a priori clinically meaningful difference criterion. Conclusions This study has demonstrated a simple, inexpensive method for teaching novice mothers of young children to take their own body circumferences resulting in accurate, reliable data. Thus, collecting self-measured and self-reported circumference data in future studies may be a feasible approach in research protocols that has potential to expand our knowledge of body composition beyond that provided by self-reported body mass indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Barrios
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Jennifer Martin-Biggers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Virginia Quick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 26 Nichol Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Aranceta-Bartrina J, Pérez-Rodrigo C, Alberdi-Aresti G, Ramos-Carrera N, Lázaro-Masedo S. Prevalence of General Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in the Spanish Adult Population (Aged 25-64 Years) 2014-2015: The ENPE Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:579-87. [PMID: 27133458 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES According to the 2013 analysis of the Institute of Health Metrics, high body mass index values are the most important risk factor for disease in Spain. Consequently, we describe the prevalence of total obesity and abdominal obesity in the Spanish adult population (25-64 years) for 2014-2015. METHODS The sample was taken from the ENPE study, a cross-sectional study with a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized population (n = 6800) carried out between May 2014 and May 2015. This analysis refers to the population between age 25 and 64 years (n = 3966). The anthropometric measurements were performed by trained observers at participants' homes according to standard international protocols. Body mass index ≥ 25 was defined as overweight and ≥ 30 as obesity. Abdominal obesity was classified as waist > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of overweight in the Spanish adult population (25-64 years) was 39.3% 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 35.7%-42.9%). The prevalence of general obesity was 21.6% (95%CI, 19.0%-24.2%) and, more specifically, was 22.8% (95%CI, 20.6%-25.0%) among men and 20.5% (95%CI, 18.5%-22.5%) among women, and rose with age. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was estimated at 33.4% (95%CI, 31.1%-35.7%) and was higher among women (43.3%; 95%CI, 41.1%-45.8%) than among men (23.3%; 95%CI, 20.9%-25.5%), and also rose with age. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity in Spain is high, although the distribution differs according to autonomous community. A comparison with earlier data reveals a considerable increase in overweight, indicating the need for routine monitoring and comprehensive initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aranceta-Bartrina
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Barcelona, Spain; Fundación FIDEC, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-Universidad del País Vasco, Basurto-Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; CiberOBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
- Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Barcelona, Spain; Fundación FIDEC, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-Universidad del País Vasco, Basurto-Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Goiuri Alberdi-Aresti
- Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Schmid D, Ricci C, Behrens G, Leitzmann MF. Adiposity and risk of thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015; 16:1042-54. [PMID: 26365757 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence has increased rapidly over time, as has obesity prevalence. A link between the two appears plausible, but the relation of adiposity to thyroid cancer remains incompletely understood. We performed a meta-analysis of adiposity measures and thyroid cancer using studies identified through October 2014. Twenty-one articles yielded data on 12,199 thyroid cancer cases. We found a statistically significant 25% greater risk of thyroid cancer in overweight individuals and a 55% greater thyroid cancer risk in obese individuals as compared with their normal-weight peers. Each 5-unit increase in body mass index (BMI), 5 kg increase in weight, 5 cm increase in waist or hip circumference and 0.1-unit increase in waist-to-hip ratio were associated with 30%, 5%, 5% and 14% greater risks of thyroid cancer, respectively. When evaluated by histologic type, obesity was significantly positively related to papillary, follicular and anaplastic thyroid cancers, whereas it revealed an inverse association with medullary thyroid cancer. Both general and abdominal adiposity are positively associated with thyroid cancer. However, relations with BMI vary importantly by tumour histologic type.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schmid
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Ricci
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Behrens
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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