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Amêndola I, Viegas DDEJ, Freitas ET, Oliveira JRDE, Santos JGD, Oliveira FEDE, Lagareiro Netto AA, Marcucci MC, Oliveira LDDE, Back-Brito GN. Hamamelis virginiana L. extract presents antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects, absence of cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory action, and potential to fight infections through the nitric oxide production by macrophages. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20200031. [PMID: 38359287 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential of H. virginiana L. was evaluated against Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis) and bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans). Effect on murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) was also evaluated with respect to cytotoxicity and production of cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). The most effective concentrations of the extract were determined by microdilution broth. These concentrations were analyzed on biofilms, after 5 min or 24 h exposure. Cytotoxicity was performed by MTT assay and quantification of cytokines and NO by ELISA and Griess reagent, respectively. The extract acted against the planktonic forms and provided significant reductions of all the microbial biofilms; besides, showed no cytotoxic effect, except at 100 mg/mL, after 24 h exposure. There was cytokine production; however, a modulatory effect was observed in groups exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli. NO production was similar or higher than the control group. Thus, H. virginiana L. extract showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects; absence of cytotoxicity for RAW 264.7; anti-inflammatory action; and potential to fight infections through the NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Amêndola
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiane DE J Viegas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo T Freitas
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonatas R DE Oliveira
- Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Escola de Medicina, Av. Deputado Benedito Matarazzo, 4050, Jardim Aquarius, 12230-002 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana G Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe E DE Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria C Marcucci
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane D DE Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Graziella N Back-Brito
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, 12245-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Bakhti A, Shokouhi Z, Mohammadipanah F. Modulation of proteins by rare earth elements as a biotechnological tool. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129072. [PMID: 38163500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Although rare earth element (REE) complexes are often utilized in bioimaging due to their photo- and redox stability, magnetic and optical characteristics, they are also applied for pharmaceutical applications due to their interaction with macromolecules namely proteins. The possible implications induced by REEs through modification in the function or regulatory activity of the proteins trigger a variety of applications for these elements in biomedicine and biotechnology. Lanthanide complexes have particularly been applied as anti-biofilm agents, cancer inhibitors, potential inflammation inhibitors, metabolic elicitors, and helper agents in the cultivation of unculturable strains, drug delivery, tissue engineering, photodynamic, and radiation therapy. This paper overviews emerging applications of REEs in biotechnology, especially in biomedical imaging, tumor diagnosis, and treatment along with their potential toxic effects. Although significant advances in applying REEs have been made, there is a lack of comprehensive studies to identify the potential of all REEs in biotechnology since only four elements, Eu, Ce, Gd, and La, among 17 REEs have been mostly investigated. However, in depth research on ecotoxicology, environmental behavior, and biological functions of REEs in the health and disease status of living organisms is required to fill the vital gaps in our understanding of REEs applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Bakhti
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shokouhi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadipanah
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran.
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Ellepola K, Bhatt L, Chen L, Han C, Jahanbazi F, Klie RF, Lagunas Vargas F, Mao Y, Novakovsky K, Sapkota B, Pesavento RP. Nanoceria Aggregate Formulation Promotes Buffer Stability, Cell Clustering, and Reduction of Adherent Biofilm in Streptococcus mutans. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4686-4697. [PMID: 37450411 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is one of the key etiological factors in tooth-borne biofilm development that leads to dental caries in the presence of fermentable sugars. We previously reported on the ability of acid-stabilized nanoceria (CeO2-NP) produced by the hydrolysis of ceric salts to limit biofilm adherence of S. mutans via non-bactericidal mechanism(s). Herein, we report a chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) formulation (CeO2-NP-CSA) comprising nanoceria aggregates that promotes resistance to bulk precipitation under a range of conditions with retention of the biofilm-inhibiting activity, allowing for a more thorough mechanistic study of its bioactivity. The principal mechanism of reduced in vitro biofilm adherence of S. mutans by CeO2-NP-CSA is the production of nonadherent cell clusters. Additionally, dose-dependent in vitro human cell toxicity studies demonstrated no additional toxicity beyond that of equimolar doses of sodium fluoride, currently utilized in many oral health products. This study represents a unique approach and use of a nanoceria aggregate formulation with implications for promoting oral health and dental caries prevention as an adjunctive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassapa Ellepola
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- The Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lopa Bhatt
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Chen Han
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Forough Jahanbazi
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Francisco Lagunas Vargas
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yuanbing Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Kirill Novakovsky
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- The Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Bibash Sapkota
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Russell P Pesavento
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- The Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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Gonçalves ASC, Leitão MM, Simões M, Borges A. The action of phytochemicals in biofilm control. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:595-627. [PMID: 36537821 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2021Antimicrobial resistance is now rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world, threatening the treatment of an ever-increasing range of infectious diseases. This has becoming a serious public health problem, especially due to the emergence of multidrug-resistance among clinically important bacterial species and their ability to form biofilms. In addition, current anti-infective therapies have low efficacy in the treatment of biofilm-related infections, leading to recurrence, chronicity, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to search for innovative strategies/antibacterial agents capable of overcoming the limitations of conventional antibiotics. Natural compounds, in particular those obtained from plants, have been exhibiting promising properties in this field. Plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) can act as antibiofilm agents through different mechanisms of action from the available antibiotics (inhibition of quorum-sensing, motility, adhesion, and reactive oxygen species production, among others). The combination of different phytochemicals and antibiotics have revealed synergistic or additive effects in biofilm control. This review aims to bring together the most relevant reports on the antibiofilm properties of phytochemicals, as well as insights into their structure and mechanistic action against bacterial pathogens, spanning December 2008 to December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana S C Gonçalves
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Leitão
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Mastihubová M, Mastihuba V. From Hamamelitannin Synthesis to the Study of Enzymatic Acylations of D-Hamamelose. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030519. [PMID: 36979454 PMCID: PMC10046410 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactive natural substance, hamamelitannin, was effectively synthesized in two ways. The chemical acylation of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α,β-D-hamamelofuranose promoted by Bu2SnO using 3,4,5-tri-O-acetylgalloyl chloride, followed by the deprotection provided hamamelitannin in 79%. Pilot enzymatic benzoylation of D-hamamelose using vinyl benzoate (4 equiv.) and Lipozyme TL IM as a biocatalyst in t-butyl methyl ether (t-BuMeO) gave mainly benzoylated furanoses (89%), of which tribenzoates reached (52%). Enzymatic galloylation of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-α,β-D-hamamelofuranose with vinyl gallate under the catalysis of Lipozyme TL IM in t-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH) or t-BuMeO provided only the 5-O-galloylated product. The reaction in t-BuMeO proceeded in a shorter reaction time (61 h) and higher yield (82%). The more hydrophobic vinyl 3,4,5-tri-O-acetylgallate in the same reactions gave large amounts of acetylated products. Vinyl gallate and triacetylgallate in the enzymatic acylation of D-hamamelose with Lipozyme TL IM in t-BuMeO yielded 2′,5-diacylated hamamelofuranoses in a yield below 20%. The use of other vinyl gallates hydrophobized by methylation or benzylation provided 2′,5-diacylated hamamelofuranoses in good yields (65–84%). The reaction with silylated vinyl gallate did not proceed. The best results were obtained with vinyl 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl gallate, and the only product, 2′,5-diacylated hamamelofuranoside precipitated from the reaction mixture (84% in 96 h). After debenzylation, hamamelitannin was obtained an 82% yield from hamamelose in two steps. This synthesis is preparatively undemanding and opens the way to multigram preparations of bioactive hamamelitannin and its analogues.
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Barker E, Shepherd J, Asencio IO. The Use of Cerium Compounds as Antimicrobials for Biomedical Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092678. [PMID: 35566026 PMCID: PMC9104093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cerium and its derivatives have been used as remedies for wounds since the early 20th century. Cerium nitrate has attracted most attention in the treatment of deep burns, followed later by reports of its antimicrobial properties. Its ability to mimic and replace calcium is presumed to be a major mechanism of its beneficial action. However, despite some encouraging results, the overall data are somewhat confusing with seemingly the same compounds yielding opposing results. Despite this, cerium nitrate is currently used in wound treatment in combination with silver sulfadiazine as Flammacérium. Cerium oxide, especially in nanoparticle form (Nanoceria), has lately captured much interest due to its antibacterial properties mediated via oxidative stress, leading to an increase of published reports. The properties of Nanoceria depend on the synthesis method, their shape and size. Recently, the green synthesis route has gained a lot of interest as an alternative environmentally friendly method, resulting in production of effective antimicrobial and antifungal nanoparticles. Unfortunately, as is the case with antibiotics, emerging bacterial resistance against cerium-derived nanoparticles is a growing concern, especially in the case of bacterial biofilm. However, diverse strategies resulting from better understanding of the biology of cerium are promising. The aim of this paper is to present the progress to date in the use of cerium compounds as antimicrobials in clinical applications (in particular wound healing) and to provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of cerium at both the cellular and molecular level.
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Farshadzadeh Z, Pourhajibagher M, Taheri B, Ekrami A, Modarressi MH, Azimzadeh M, Bahador A. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potencies of dermcidin-derived peptide DCD-1L against Acinetobacter baumannii: an in vivo wound healing model. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:25. [PMID: 35026999 PMCID: PMC8756727 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global emergence of Acinetobacter baumannii resistance to most conventional antibiotics presents a major therapeutic challenge and necessitates the discovery of new antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro and in vivo anti-biofilm potency of dermcidin-1L (DCD-1L) against extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-, pandrug-resistant (PDR)-, and ATCC19606-A. baumannii. METHODS After determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DCD-1L, in vitro anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activities of DCD-1L were evaluated. Cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and the effect of DCD-1L treatment on the expression of various biofilm-associated genes were determined. The inhibitory effect of DCD-1L on biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection, as well as, histopathological examination of the burn wound sites of mice treated with DCD-1L were assessed. RESULTS The bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in all A. baumannii isolates were inhibited at 2 × , 4 × , and 8 × MIC of DCD-1L, while only 8 × MIC of DCD-1L was able to destroy the pre-formed biofilm in vitro. Also, reduce the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation was observed following DCD-1L treatment. DCD-1L without cytotoxic and hemolytic activities significantly reduced the biofilm formation in the model of catheter-associated infection. In vivo results showed that the count of A. baumannii in infected wounds was significantly decreased and the promotion in wound healing by the acceleration of skin re-epithelialization in mice was observed following treatment with 8 × MIC of DCD-1L. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study demonstrated that DCD-1L can inhibit bacterial attachment and biofilm formation and prevent the onset of infection. Taking these properties together, DCD-1L appears as a promising candidate for antimicrobial and anti-biofilm drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrouz Taheri
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ekrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Azimzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
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Teixeira-Santos R, Lima M, Gomes LC, Mergulhão FJ. Antimicrobial coatings based on chitosan to prevent implant-associated infections: A systematic review. iScience 2021; 24:103480. [PMID: 34927024 PMCID: PMC8652012 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancements in material science and surgical techniques, the incidence of implant-associated infections (IAIs) has increased significantly. IAIs are mainly caused by microbial adhesion and biofilm formation on implant surfaces. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and critically discuss the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan-based coatings to prevent the occurrence of IAIs. For this purpose, a PRISMA-oriented systematic review was conducted based on predefined criteria and forty studies were selected for qualitative analysis. Results indicated that chitosan (CS) association with enzymes and antimicrobial peptides improves its antimicrobial activity and extends its use in a broad range of physiological conditions. Likewise, CS association with polymers resulted in enhanced antimicrobial and anti-adhesive coatings with desirable properties, such as biocompatibility and durability, for implantable medical devices (IMDs). These findings can assist researchers in the design of new CS coatings for application in IMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Teixeira-Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Lima
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana C Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J Mergulhão
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Raimondi S, Zambon A, Ranieri R, Fraulini F, Amaretti A, Rossi M, Lusvardi G. Investigation on the antimicrobial properties of cerium-doped bioactive glasses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:504-508. [PMID: 34346141 PMCID: PMC9291033 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cerium‐doped bioactive glasses (Ce‐BGs) are implant materials that present high biocompatibility, modulate the levels of reactive oxygen species, and exert antimicrobial activity. The potential of BGs, 45S5, and K50S derived glasses doped with CeO2 (1.2, 3.6, and 5.3 mol%) to inhibit the growth of pathogen microbes was thoroughly investigated according to the ISO 22196:2011 method properly adapted. A significant reduction of the E. coli charge was detected in all glasses, including the BGs without cerium. The evolution of pH of the medium not inoculated following the immersion of the Ce‐BGs was monitored. The presence of cerium did not affect markedly the pH trend, which increased rapidly for both compositions. The change of pH was strongly mitigated by the presence of 200 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.0 (PB) in the medium. In media buffered by PB, the growth of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and C. albicans was not affected by the presence of BGs doped or not with cerium, suggesting that the antibacterial activity of Ce‐BGs is linked to the increase of environmental pH rather than to specific ion effects. However, Ce‐BGs resulted promising biomaterials that associate low toxicity to normal cells to a considerable antimicrobial effect, albeit the latter is not directly associated with the presence of cerium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Zambon
- Department of Chemistry and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Fraulini
- Department of Chemistry and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Biogest-Siteia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Biogest-Siteia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gigliola Lusvardi
- Department of Chemistry and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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10
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Kašparová P, Zmuda M, Vaňková E, Maťátková O, Masák J. Low-molecular weight chitosan enhances antibacterial effect of antibiotics and permeabilizes cytoplasmic membrane of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm cells. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:983-996. [PMID: 34291404 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of low-molecular weight chitosan on Staphylococcus epidermidis, a common colonizer of joint implants and other prosthetic devices. We have also attempted to elucidate its mechanism of action. Chitosan was found to be effective against both the planktonic and biofilm cells (MIC80 35-40 mg/L; MBIC80 40-150 mg/L), in contrast to the antibiotics erythromycin and tetracycline with no antibiofilm activity (MBIC80 not found). In combination, chitosan had an additive effect with antibiotics on suspension growth of S. epidermidis (FICi 0.7-1.0), and the combinatory action caused a complete inhibition of biofilm metabolic activity in some cases. In addition, chitosan caused rapid cellular damage and enhanced antihaemolytic activity of tetracycline in combination towards S. epidermidis biofilm cells. Chitosan efficiently inhibited S. epidermidis growth acting via cell membrane damage, yet the extent of antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities was quite strain-specific. It was proved to be a very efficient antimicrobial agent worth further examination as a potent candidate in pharmaceutical research. Apart from antimicrobial activity, it also acted as antivirulence enhancing agent which is a very promising strategy for alternative infectious diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kašparová
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Zmuda
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vaňková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Maťátková
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Masák
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 - Dejvice 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
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Development of Chitosan-Based Surfaces to Prevent Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144378. [PMID: 34299652 PMCID: PMC8306285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are susceptible to microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, which lead to several clinical complications, including the occurrence of implant-associated infections. Polylactic acid (PLA) and its composites are currently used for the construction of IMDs. In addition, chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer that has been widely used in the medical field due to its antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, which can be dependent on molecular weight (Mw). The present study aims to evaluate the performance of CS-based surfaces of different Mw to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. For this purpose, CS-based surfaces were produced by dip-coating and the presence of CS and its derivatives onto PLA films, as well surface homogeneity were confirmed by contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the functionalized surfaces was evaluated against single- and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chitosan-based surfaces were able to inhibit the development of single- and dual-species biofilms by reducing the number of total, viable, culturable, and viable but nonculturable cells up to 79%, 90%, 81%, and 96%, respectively, being their activity dependent on chitosan Mw. The effect of CS-based surfaces on the inhibition of biofilm formation was corroborated by biofilm structure analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which revealed a decrease in the biovolume and thickness of the biofilm formed on CS-based surfaces compared to PLA. Overall, these results support the potential of low Mw CS for coating polymeric devices such as IMDs where the two bacteria tested are common colonizers and reduce their biofilm formation.
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Gargouch N, Elleuch F, Karkouch I, Tabbene O, Pichon C, Gardarin C, Rihouey C, Picton L, Abdelkafi S, Fendri I, Laroche C. Potential of Exopolysaccharide from Porphyridium marinum to Contend with Bacterial Proliferation, Biofilm Formation, and Breast Cancer. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:66. [PMID: 33513982 PMCID: PMC7911520 DOI: 10.3390/md19020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from marine microalgae are promising sources of a new generation of drugs. However, lot of them remain to be discovered and tested. In this study, EPS produced by Porphyridium marinum and its oligomers prepared by High Pressure Homogenizer have been tested for different biological activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities on Candida albicans, as well as for their effects on the viability of murine breast cancer cells. Results have shown that all EPS samples present some biological activity. For antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, the native EPS exhibited a better efficiency with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) from 62.5 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL depending on the bacterial strain. For Candida albicans, the biofilm formation was reduced by about 90% by using only a 31.3 µg/mL concentration. Concerning breast cancer cells, lower molar masses fractions appeared to be more efficient, with a reduction of viability of up to 55%. Finally, analyses of polymers composition and viscosity measurements were conducted on all samples, in order to propose hypotheses involving the activities caused by the intrinsic properties of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Gargouch
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Fatma Elleuch
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.E.); (C.P.)
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Ines Karkouch
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Olfa Tabbene
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), BP-901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia; (I.K.); (O.T.)
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS-UPR 4301, 45071 Orléans, France; (F.E.); (C.P.)
| | - Christine Gardarin
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luc Picton
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale Appliquée à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Céline Laroche
- Institut Pascal, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (N.G.); (C.G.)
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El-Baz AM, Mosbah RA, Goda RM, Mansour B, Sultana T, Dahms TES, El-Ganiny AM. Back to Nature: Combating Candida albicans Biofilm, Phospholipase and Hemolysin Using Plant Essential Oils. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10010081. [PMID: 33467766 PMCID: PMC7830859 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the causative agent of fatal systemic candidiasis. Due to limitations of antifungals, new drugs are needed. The anti-virulence effect of plant essential oils (EOs) was evaluated against clinical C. albicans isolates including cinnamon, clove, jasmine and rosemary oils. Biofilm, phospholipase and hemolysin were assessed phenotypically. EOs were evaluated for their anti-virulence activity using phenotypic methods as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Among the C. albicans isolates, biofilm, phospholipase and hemolysins were detected in 40.4, 86.5 and 78.8% of isolates, respectively. Jasmine oil showed the highest anti-biofilm activity followed by cinnamon, clove and rosemary oils. SEM and AFM analysis showed reduced adherence and roughness in the presence of EOs. For phospholipase, rosemary oil was the most inhibitory, followed by jasmine, cinnamon and clove oils, and for hemolysins, cinnamon had the highest inhibition followed by jasmine, rosemary and clove oils. A molecular docking study revealed major EO constituents as promising inhibitors of the Als3 adhesive protein, with the highest binding for eugenol, followed by 1,8-cineole, 2-phenylthiolane and cinnamaldehyde. In conclusion, EOs have a promising inhibitory impact on Candida biofilm, phospholipase and hemolysin production, hence EOs could be used as potential antifungals that impact virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Baz
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, 11152 Dakhaliya, Egypt; (A.M.E.-B.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Rasha A. Mosbah
- Infection Control Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt;
| | - Reham M. Goda
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, 11152 Dakhaliya, Egypt; (A.M.E.-B.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Basem Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, 11152 Dakhaliya, Egypt;
| | - Taranum Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 1P4, Canada; (T.S.); (T.E.S.D.)
| | - Tanya E. S. Dahms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 1P4, Canada; (T.S.); (T.E.S.D.)
| | - Amira M. El-Ganiny
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +2-010-22799736; Fax: +2-055-2303266
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Prabha S, Sowndarya J, Ram PJVS, Rubini D, Hari BNV, Aruni W, Nithyanand P. Chitosan-Coated Surgical Sutures Prevent Adherence and Biofilms of Mixed Microbial Communities. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:502-512. [PMID: 33389059 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sutures are widely used materials for closing the surgical wounds, and being an inert material, sutures are often colonized with drug-resistant polymicrobial biofilms. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a hospital-acquired infection caused by bacteria and fungi specifically in the sutured sites. Although most of the currently available sutures possess antibacterial property, their ability to prevent biofilm colonization by polymicrobial communities is underexplored. So, the present study shows that extracted chitosan (EC) from crab shells prevented the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, the predominant members that exist as mixed species at the site of SSI. In comparison with a commercial chitosan, EC showed profound inhibition of slime formation and mixed species biofilm inhibition. Intriguingly, EC-coated sutures could inhibit the growth of both bacterial and fungal pathogens when comparing with a commercial triclosan-coated suture which was active only against the bacterial pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed inhibition of C. albicans hyphal formation by the EC-coated sutures that is a crucial virulence factor responsible for tissue invasiveness. Collectively, the results of the present study showed that EC from crab shells (discarded material as a recalcitrant biowaste) could be used as an alternative to combat drug-resistant biofilms which are the prime cause for SSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Prabha
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Jothipandiyan Sowndarya
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Parepalli Janaki Venkata Sai Ram
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Wilson Aruni
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, Loma Linda, VA, USA
- California University of Science and Medicine, San Bernardino, California, USA
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
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Antibiofilm agent pterostilbene is able to enhance antibiotics action against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microb Pathog 2020; 152:104632. [PMID: 33242645 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (PTE) is a naturally occurring compound originally isolated from Pterocarpus spp. It has been widely used in traditional Indian medicine and later discovered to have various beneficial pharmacological effects such as antioxidant properties, hypoglycaemic or antitumor, and antimicrobial activity. This work is focused on demonstrating PTE synergistic effect with erythromycin and tetracycline to reduce their needed effective concentration for suppression of Staphylococcus epidermidis planktonic cells growth and biofilm formation. The secondary aim is to find these combinations effect on the production of its virulence factors. PTE was found to be effective in inhibition of its planktonic cells with MIC80 values 25-37.5 mg l-1. Simultaneously, it decreased the metabolic activity of biofilm cells and was especially effective on a clinical isolate (MBIC80 = 35 mg l-1) in contrast to the conventional antibiotics. In combination, PTE helped the antibiotics to overcome the tolerance of S. epidermidis biofilm cells (5 mg l-1 of each antibiotic with 49 mg l-1 PTE caused more than 85% inhibition of metabolic activity). It permeabilized cytoplasmic membrane of S. epidermidis cells and altered their surface hydrophobicity. Therefore, PTE has a great potential to enhance antibiotics action in the treatment of infections caused by this pathogen.
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whISOBAX TM Inhibits Bacterial Pathogenesis and Enhances the Effect of Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050264. [PMID: 32438609 PMCID: PMC7277200 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As bacteria are becoming more resistant to commonly used antibiotics, alternative therapies are being sought. whISOBAX (WH) is a witch hazel extract that is highly stable (tested up to 2 months in 37 °C) and contains a high phenolic content, where 75% of it is hamamelitannin and traces of gallic acid. Phenolic compounds like gallic acid are known to inhibit bacterial growth, while hamamelitannin is known to inhibit staphylococcal pathogenesis (biofilm formation and toxin production). WH was tested in vitro for its antibacterial activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and its synergy with antibiotics determined using checkerboard assays followed by isobologram analysis. WH was also tested for its ability to suppress staphylococcal pathogenesis, which is the cause of a myriad of resistant infections. Here we show that WH inhibits the growth of all bacteria tested, with variable efficacy levels. The most WH-sensitive bacteria tested were Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, WH was shown on S. aureus to be synergistic to linezolid and chloramphenicol and cumulative to vancomycin and amikacin. The effect of WH was tested on staphylococcal pathogenesis and shown here to inhibit biofilm formation (tested on S. epidermidis) and toxin production (tested on S. aureus Enterotoxin A (SEA)). Toxin inhibition was also evident in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin that induces pathogenesis. Put together, our study indicates that WH is very effective in inhibiting the growth of multiple types of bacteria, is synergistic to antibiotics, and is also effective against staphylococcal pathogenesis, often the cause of persistent infections. Our study thus suggests the benefits of using WH to combat various types of bacterial infections, especially those that involve resistant persistent bacterial pathogens.
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Liu L, Xiao X, Li K, Li X, Shi B, Liao X. Synthesis of Catechin-Rare Earth Complex with Efficient and Broad-Spectrum Anti-Biofilm Activity. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900734. [PMID: 31981410 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm is the crucial reason of clinical infections. Herein, green tea based polyphenol (catechin) and rare earth (RE) metal ions were employed for the preparation of catechin-RE complexes with significant anti-biofilm properties. The complexes were characterized by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), which suggested that catechin coordinated with RE3+ through its ortho phenolic hydroxy groups. The prepared catechin-RE showed significant effects in anti-biofilm growth against P. aeruginosa (Gram-negative bacteria), S. sciuri (Gram-positive bacteria), and A. niger (fungi), which significantly exceeded the utilization of catechin or RE3+ . Morphological observations indicated that catechin supplied cell affinity to transfer RE3+ and helped to damage cell membrane, which act as a carrier to exert cytotoxicity of RE3+ to realize anti-biofilm. Differential gene expression analysis described gene expression changes induced by catechin-RE, including 56, 272 and 2160 downregulated genes for P. aeruginosa, S. sciuri and A. niger, respectively, which suggested critical changes in cellular metabolism, growth and other processes. These results illustrate the outstanding superiority of catechin-RE complexes in anti-infection aspect, i. e., the green tea based rare earth complexes are promising candidates for anti-biofilm applications to address serious challenges in the prevention of multiple infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Bi Shi
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xuepin Liao
- Department of Biomass Chemistry and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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Witch Hazel Significantly Improves the Efficacy of Commercially Available Teat Dips. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020092. [PMID: 32024049 PMCID: PMC7168658 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine intramammary infections (IMIs) are the main cause of economic loss in milk production. Antibiotics are often ineffective in treating infections due to antimicrobial resistance and the formation of bacterial biofilms that enhance bacterial survival and persistence. Teat dips containing germicides are recommended to prevent new IMIs and improve udder health and milk quality. IMIs are often caused by staphylococci, which are Gram-positive bacteria that become pathogenic by forming biofilms and producing toxins. As a model for a teat dip (DIP), the BacStop iodine-based teat dip (DIP) was used. Witch hazel extract (whISOBAX (WH)) was tested because it contains a high concentration of the anti-biofilm/anti-toxin phenolic compound hamamelitannin. We found that the minimal inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations of DIP against planktonic S. epidermidis cells increased up to 160fold in the presence of WH, and that DIP was 10-fold less effective against biofilm cells. While both DIP and WH are effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, only WH inhibits toxin production (tested for enterotoxin-A). Importantly, WH also significantly enhances the antibacterial effect of DIP against Gram-negative bacteria that can cause IMIs, like Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Put together, these results suggest that the antibacterial activity of DIP combined with WH is significantly higher, and thus have potential in eradicating bacterial infections, both in acute (planktonic-associated) and in chronic (biofilm-associated) conditions.
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19
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Chitosan and their derivatives: Antibiofilm drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rasooly R, Molnar A, Choi HY, Do P, Racicot K, Apostolidis E. In-Vitro Inhibition of Staphylococcal Pathogenesis by Witch-Hazel and Green Tea Extracts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040244. [PMID: 31795423 PMCID: PMC6963777 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
whISOBAX (WH), an extract of the witch-hazel plant that is native to the Northeast coast of the United States, contains significant amounts of a phenolic compound, Hamamelitannin (HAMA). Green tea (GT) is a widely consumed plant that contains various catechins. Both plants have been associated with antimicrobial effects. In this study we test the effects of these two plant extracts on the pathogenesis of staphylococci, and evaluate their effects on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and toxin production. Our observations show that both extracts have antimicrobial effects against both strains of S. aureus and S. epidermidis tested, and that this inhibitory effect is synergistic. Also, we confirmed that this inhibitory effect does not depend on HAMA, but rather on other phenolic compounds present in WH and GT. In terms of biofilm inhibition, only WH exhibited an effect and the observed anti-biofilm effect was HAMA-depended. Finally, among the tested extracts, only WH exhibited an effect against Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA) production and this effect correlated to the HAMA present in WH. Our results suggest that GT and WH in combination can enhance the antimicrobial effects against staphylococci. However, only WH can control biofilm development and SEA production, due to the presence of HAMA. This study provides the initial rationale for the development of natural antimicrobials, to protect from staphylococcal colonization, infection, or contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuven Rasooly
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (E.A.)
| | - Adel Molnar
- Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; (A.M.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Hwang-Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; (A.M.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Paula Do
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA 94710, USA;
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command—Soldier Center (CCDC-SC), Natick, MA 01760, USA;
| | - Emmanouil Apostolidis
- Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; (A.M.); (H.-Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (E.A.)
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das Neves RC, Mortari MR, Schwartz EF, Kipnis A, Junqueira-Kipnis AP. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effects of Peptides from Venom of Social Wasp and Scorpion on Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E216. [PMID: 30974767 PMCID: PMC6520840 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravascular stent infection is a rare complication with a high morbidity and high mortality; bacteria from the hospital environment form biofilms and are often multidrug-resistant (MDR). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as alternatives to bacterial infection treatment. We analyzed the formation of the bacterial biofilm on the vascular stents and also tested the inhibition of this biofilm by AMPs to be used as treatment or coating. Antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm were tested with wasp (Agelaia-MPI, Polybia-MPII, Polydim-I) and scorpion (Con10 and NDBP5.8) AMPs against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains. A. baumannii formed a biofilm on the vascular stent. Agelaia-MPI and Polybia-MPII inhibited biofilm formation with bacterial cell wall degradation. Coating biofilms with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and Agelaia-MPI reduced 90% of A. baumannii adhesion on stents. The wasp AMPs Agelaia-MPI and Polybia-MPII had better action against MDR A. baumannii adherence and biofilm formation on vascular stents, preventing its formation and treating mature biofilm when compared to the other tested peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Coutinho das Neves
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of infectious diseases, Department of Immunology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Goiania, 74605-050 Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Ferroni Schwartz
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, 70910-900 Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - André Kipnis
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of infectious diseases, Department of Immunology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Goiania, 74605-050 Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Laboratory of Immunopathology of infectious diseases, Department of Immunology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Goiania, 74605-050 Goiás, Brazil.
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Pedrosa AF, Lisboa C, Faria-Ramos I, Silva R, Ricardo E, Teixeira-Santos R, Miranda I, Rodrigues AG. Epidemiology and susceptibility profile to classic antifungals and over-the-counter products of Malassezia clinical isolates from a Portuguese University Hospital: a prospective study. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:778-784. [PMID: 30907722 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical epidemiological data about the distinct Malassezia species remain scarce. The recurrence of Malassezia-related skin diseases, despite long-term use of antifungals, raises concern about the hypothetical emergence of antifungal resistance. We aimed to assess the distribution of Malassezia species among patients from a University Hospital with pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis and healthy volunteers, and to evaluate the susceptibility profile to classic antifungals and over-the-counter compounds, searching for clinical associations. METHODOLOGY The enrollment of volunteers was conducted at the Dermatology Department of a University Hospital over a 3 year period. Malassezia culture isolates were identified to the species-level by sequencing. The drug susceptibility profile was assessed according to a broth microdilution assay, as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTS A total of 86 Malassezia isolates were recovered from 182 volunteers. Malassezia sympodialis was the most frequent isolated species. We found high MIC values and a wide MIC range in the case of tested azoles, and very low terbinafine MIC values against most isolates. Previous topical corticosteroid therapy was associated with a significant increase of MIC values of fluconazole and of terbinafine. CONCLUSION Conversely to other European studies, M. sympodialis was the most common isolated species, which might be related to geographic reasons. The impact of previous topical corticotherapy upon the antifungal susceptibility profile was hereby demonstrated. In vitro susceptibility test results suggest that terbinafine might be a valid alternative for Malassezia-related skin diseases nonresponsive to azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Pedrosa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar S. João EPE, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Lisboa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar S. João EPE, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal.,Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria-Ramos
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED & IEETA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ricardo
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Teixeira-Santos
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Miranda
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Acácio Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal.,Burn Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centro Hospitalar S. João EPE, Porto, Portugal
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Yong YY, Dykes GA, Choo WS. Biofilm formation by staphylococci in health-related environments and recent reports on their control using natural compounds. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:201-222. [PMID: 30786799 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1573802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococci are Gram-positive bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and able to form biofilms on a range of surfaces. They have been associated with a range of human health issues such as medical device-related infection, localized skin infection, or direct infection caused by toxin production. The extracellular material produced by these bacteria resists antibiotics and host defence mechanism which complicates the treatment process. The commonly reported Staphylococcus species are Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis as they inhabit human bodies. However, the emergence of other staphylococci, such as S. haemolyticus, S. lugdunensis, S. saprophyticus, S. capitis, S. saccharolyticus, S. warneri, S. cohnii, and S. hominis, is also of concern and they have been associated with biofilm formation. This review critically assesses recent cases on the biofilm formation by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and other staphylococci reported in health-related environments. The control of biofilm formation by staphylococci using natural compounds is specifically discussed as they represent potential anti-biofilm agents which may reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yi Yong
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Gary A Dykes
- b School of Public Health , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
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24
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Mohebbi S, Nezhad MN, Zarrintaj P, Jafari SH, Gholizadeh SS, Saeb MR, Mozafari M. Chitosan in Biomedical Engineering: A Critical Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:93-116. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180912142028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical engineering seeks to enhance the quality of life by developing advanced materials and technologies. Chitosan-based biomaterials have attracted significant attention because of having unique chemical structures with desired biocompatibility and biodegradability, which play different roles in membranes, sponges and scaffolds, along with promising biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Therefore, chitosan derivatives have been widely used in a vast variety of uses, chiefly pharmaceuticals and biomedical engineering. It is attempted here to draw a comprehensive overview of chitosan emerging applications in medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer therapy, ophthalmology, dentistry, bio-imaging, bio-sensing and diagnosis. The use of Stem Cells (SCs) has given an interesting feature to the use of chitosan so that regenerative medicine and therapeutic methods have benefited from chitosan-based platforms. Plenty of the most recent discussions with stimulating ideas in this field are covered that could hopefully serve as hints for more developed works in biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mohebbi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Seyed Gholizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Departments of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran
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25
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Farshadzadeh Z, Taheri B, Rahimi S, Shoja S, Pourhajibagher M, Haghighi MA, Bahador A. Growth Rate and Biofilm Formation Ability of Clinical and Laboratory-Evolved Colistin-Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:153. [PMID: 29483899 PMCID: PMC5816052 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different mechanisms of resistance to colistin in Acinetobacter baumannii have been described. The first involves the total loss of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to mutations in the lpxACD operon, which is involved in the lipid A biosynthesis pathway. The second entails the addition of ethanolamine to the lipid A of the LPS resulting from mutations in the PmrAB two-component system. To evaluate the impact of colistin resistance-associated mutations on antimicrobial resistance and virulence properties, four pairs of clinical and laboratory-evolved colistin-susceptible/colistin-resistant (ColS/ColR) A. baumannii isolates were used. Antimicrobial susceptibility, surface motility, in vitro and in vivo biofilm-forming capacity, in vitro and in vivo expression levels of biofilm-associated genes, and in vitro growth rate were analyzed in these strains. Growth rate, in vitro and in vivo biofilm formation ability, as well as expression levels of biofilm-associated gene were reduced in ColR LPS-deficient isolate (the lpxD mutant) when compared with its ColS partner, whereas there were not such differences between LPS-modified isolates (the pmrB mutants) and their parental isolates. Mutation in lpxD was accompanied by a greater reduction in minimum inhibitory concentrations of azithromycin, vancomycin, and rifampin than mutation in pmrB. Besides, loss of LPS was associated with a significant reduction in surface motility without any change in expression of type IV pili. Collectively, colistin resistance through loss of LPS causes a more considerable cost in biological features such as growth rate, motility, and biofilm formation capacity relative to LPS modification. Therefore, ColR LPS-modified strains are more likely to spread and transmit from one patient to another in hospital settings, which results in more complex treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Shoja
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Haghighi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Zhao L, Sun T, Wang L. Chitosan oligosaccharide improves the therapeutic efficacy of sitagliptin for the therapy of Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:739-750. [PMID: 28721055 PMCID: PMC5499789 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s134039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sitagliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients but its side effects are undesirable. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is expected to improve the therapeutic result as a natural product. A total of 200 elderly T2DM patients were evenly assigned into four groups: sitagliptin group (SG), receiving sitagliptin 100 mg/day; COS group (CG), receiving COS 100 mg/day; combination therapy of sitagliptin and COS group (SCG), receiving both sitagliptin and COS 100 mg/day; and placebo group (PG), receiving placebo 100 mg/day. After 42-week therapy, biochemical indices and clinical parameters for the alterations from start points were analyzed. The related molecular mechanism was tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot at cell level. Lower risk of hypoglycemia was found in the SCG group when compared with SG and other groups (P<0.05). More patients from the SCG group than other groups attained hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction >2.5% (P<0.05). Weight reduction of 1.2±0.9, 2.6±0.8, 4.7±1.3, and 0.9±0.6 kg was observed in the patients from SG, CG, SCG, and PG groups, respectively (P<0.05). The combined treatment of COS and sitagliptin presented better therapeutic results by improving insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, adiponectin levels, and glucagon-like peptide 1 and reducing side effects, insulin resistance, HbA1c, body mass index, resistin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P<0.05). qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis also showed that COS treatment reduced the levels of resistin, TNF-α, and CRP, and increased the level of adiponectin. The combination of COS and sitagliptin provided better glycemic control with fewer side effects and with more weight reduction in the elderly participants with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingli Sun
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, China
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27
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Asli A, Brouillette E, Ster C, Ghinet MG, Brzezinski R, Lacasse P, Jacques M, Malouin F. Antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of specific chitosan molecules on Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with bovine mastitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176988. [PMID: 28486482 PMCID: PMC5423679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens causing bovine intramammary infections (IMIs) and mastitis. Mastitis is the primary cause for the use of antibiotics in dairy farms but therapeutic failure is often observed. One of the reasons for the lack of effectiveness of antibiotic therapy despite the observed susceptibility of bacterial isolates in vitro are bacterial biofilms. In this study, we used chitosan of well-defined molecular weight (0.4–0.6, 1.3, 2.6 and 4.0 kDa) and investigated their antibiofilm and antibacterial activities in in vitro and in vivo models related to S. aureus IMIs. A chitosan of at least 6 units of glucosamine was necessary for maximum antibacterial activity. The 2.6 and 4.0 kDa forms were able to prevent biofilm production by the biofilm hyperproducer strain S. aureus 2117 and a bovine MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus). The intramammary administration of the 2.6 kDa chitosan showed no adverse effects in mice or in cows, as opposed to the slight inflammatory effect observed in mammary glands with the 4.0 kDa derivative. The 2.6 kDa chitosan killed bacteria embedded in pre-established biofilms in a dose-dependent manner with a >3 log10 reduction in CFU at 4 mg/ml. Also, the 2.6 kDa chitosan could prevent the persistence of the internalized MRSA into the mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T. An in vitro checkerboard assay showed that the 2.6 kDa chitosan produced a synergy with the macrolide class of antibiotics (e.g., tilmicosin) and reduced the MIC of both molecules by 2–8 times. Finally, the intramammary administration of the 2.6 kDa chitosan alone (P<0.01) or in combination with tilmicosin (P<0.0001) reduced the colonization of mammary glands in a murine IMI model. Our results suggest that the use of chitosan alone or in combination with a low dose of a macrolide could help reduce antibiotic use in dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Asli
- Centre d’Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network (CBMMQRN) and Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale (Op+Lait), Université de Montréal
| | - Eric Brouillette
- Centre d’Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network (CBMMQRN) and Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale (Op+Lait), Université de Montréal
| | - Céline Ster
- Centre d’Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network (CBMMQRN) and Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale (Op+Lait), Université de Montréal
| | - Mariana Gabriela Ghinet
- Centre d’Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryszard Brzezinski
- Centre d’Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Lacasse
- Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network (CBMMQRN) and Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale (Op+Lait), Université de Montréal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mario Jacques
- Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network (CBMMQRN) and Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale (Op+Lait), Université de Montréal
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - François Malouin
- Centre d’Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne (CEVDM), Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Bovine Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Network (CBMMQRN) and Regroupement de recherche pour un lait de qualité optimale (Op+Lait), Université de Montréal
- * E-mail:
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28
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Costa EM, Silva S, Tavaria FK, Pintado MM. Insights into chitosan antibiofilm activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1547-1557. [PMID: 28370752 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chitosan is a natural compound that has been validated as a viable antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus. With this work we sought to evaluate the planktonic and sessile sensitivity of methicillin-resistant S. aureus to chitosan's activity and evaluate if methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) would be more or less sensitive to chitosan's activity than methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). METHODS AND RESULTS A group comprised of reference strains and clinical multiresistant isolates of MSSA and MRSA were used. Methicilin resistance effect upon chitosan activity was assessed in planktonic setting and in different phases of sessile colonization, namely adhesion, biofilm formation and mature biofilm through biomass and metabolism inhibition. The results obtained showed that S. aureus methicillin resistance mechanism did not impair chitosan's activity as the highest bacterial susceptibility was registered for MRSA. Chitosan was highly effective in inhibiting MSSA and MRSA strains in both planktonic and sessile settings with biofilm inhibition percentages reaching as high as 90% for MRSA. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus methicillin resistance did not impair chitosan's antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities and MRSA and MSSA were inhibited both in planktonic and sessile settings at low concentrations with great efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Considering the obtained results chitosan shows potential as an alternative for the control of biofilm-related recalcitrant MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F K Tavaria
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M M Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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29
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Del Pozo JL, Cantón E. Candidiasis asociada a biopelículas. Rev Iberoam Micol 2016; 33:176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Narayanan A, Nair MS, Karumathil DP, Baskaran SA, Venkitanarayanan K, Amalaradjou MAR. Inactivation of Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilms on Polystyrene, Stainless Steel, and Urinary Catheters by Octenidine Dihydrochloride. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:847. [PMID: 27375572 PMCID: PMC4899441 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a major nosocomial pathogen causing human infections with significant mortality rates. In most cases, infections are acquired through exposure to A. baumannii biofilms that persist on contaminated hospital equipment and surfaces. Thus, it is imperative to develop effective measures for controlling A. baumannii biofilms in nosocomial settings. This study investigated the efficacy of octenidine dihydrochloride (OH), a new generation disinfectant for reducing A. baumannii biofilms on polystyrene, stainless steel and catheters. OH at 0.3% (5 mM), 0.6% (10 mM), and 0.9% (15 mM) was effective in significantly inactivating A. baumannii biofilms on all tested surfaces (P < 0.05). Furthermore, OH was equally effective in inactivating biofilms of multidrug resistant and drug susceptible A. baumannii isolates. In addition, confocal imaging revealed the predominance of dead cells in the OH-treated samples in comparison to the control. Further, scanning electron microscopy of biofilms formed on catheters revealed that OH treatment significantly reduced A. baumannii biofilm populations in corroboration with our antibiofilm assay. These data underscore the efficacy of OH in inactivating A. baumannii biofilms, thereby suggesting its potential use as a disinfectant or a catheter lock solution to control A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amoolya Narayanan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | - Meera S Nair
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | | | - Sangeetha A Baskaran
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute Thanjavur, India
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31
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Recent advances in the understanding of the Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall. J Microbiol 2016; 54:232-42. [PMID: 26920883 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, research on the synthesis and organization of the cell wall polysaccharides of Aspergillus fumigatus has expanded our knowledge of this important fungal structure. Besides protecting the fungus from environmental stresses and maintaining structural integrity of the organism, the cell wall is also the primary site for interaction with host tissues during infection. Cell wall polysaccharides are important ligands for the recognition of fungi by the innate immune system and they can mediate potent immunomodulatory effects. The synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides is a complicated process that requires coordinated regulation of many biosynthetic and metabolic pathways. Continuous synthesis and remodeling of the polysaccharides of the cell wall is essential for the survival of the fungus during development, reproduction, colonization and invasion. As these polysaccharides are absent from the human host, these biosynthetic pathways are attractive targets for antifungal development. In this review, we present recent advances in our understanding of Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall polysaccharides, including the emerging role of cell wall polysaccharides in the host-pathogen interaction.
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32
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Capelletti RV, Moraes ÂM. Waterborne microorganisms and biofilms related to hospital infections: strategies for prevention and control in healthcare facilities. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:52-67. [PMID: 26837830 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water is the main stimulus for the development of microorganisms, and its flow has an important role in the spreading of contaminants. In hospitals, the water distribution system requires special attention since it can be a source of pathogens, including those in the form of biofilms often correlated with resistance of microorganisms to various treatments. In this paper, information relevant to cases of nosocomial infections involving water circuits as a source of contaminants is compiled, with emphasis on the importance of microbiological control strategies to prevent the installation, spreading and growth of microorganisms in hospitals. An overview of the worldwide situation is provided, with emphasis on Brazilian hospitals. Different approaches normally used to control the occurrence of nosocomial infections due to waterborne contaminants are analyzed, and the use of the polysaccharide chitosan for this specific application is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vannucci Capelletti
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-852, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
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The Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Hamamelitannin Increases Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Affecting Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis and eDNA Release. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20321. [PMID: 26828772 PMCID: PMC4734334 DOI: 10.1038/srep20321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections has become increasingly challenging due to the rapid emergence and dissemination of methicillin-resistant strains. In addition, S. aureus reside within biofilms at the site of infection. Few novel antibacterial agents have been developed in recent years and their bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity results in selective pressure, inevitably inducing antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, innovative antimicrobials with other modes of action are urgently needed. One alternative approach is targeting the bacterial quorum sensing (QS) system. Hamamelitannin (2′,5-di-O-galloyl-d-hamamelose; HAM) was previously suggested to block QS through the TraP QS system and was shown to increase S. aureus biofilm susceptibility towards vancomycin (VAN) although mechanistic insights are still lacking. In the present study we provide evidence that HAM specifically affects S. aureus biofilm susceptibility through the TraP receptor by affecting cell wall synthesis and extracellular DNA release of S. aureus. We further provide evidence that HAM can increase the susceptibility of S. aureus biofilms towards different classes of antibiotics in vitro. Finally, we show that HAM increases the susceptibility of S. aureus to antibiotic treatment in in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse mammary gland infection models.
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Junter GA, Thébault P, Lebrun L. Polysaccharide-based antibiofilm surfaces. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:13-25. [PMID: 26555378 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface treatment by natural or modified polysaccharide polymers is a promising means to fight against implant-associated biofilm infections. The present review focuses on polysaccharide-based coatings that have been proposed over the last ten years to impede biofilm formation on material surfaces exposed to bacterial contamination. Anti-adhesive and bactericidal coatings are considered. Besides classical hydrophilic coatings based on hyaluronic acid and heparin, the promising anti-adhesive properties of the algal polysaccharide ulvan are underlined. Surface functionalization by antimicrobial chitosan and derivatives is extensively surveyed, in particular chitosan association with other polysaccharides in layer-by-layer assemblies to form both anti-adhesive and bactericidal coatings. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bacterial contamination of surfaces, leading to biofilm formation, is a major problem in fields as diverse as medicine, first, but also food and cosmetics. Many prophylactic strategies have emerged to try to eliminate or reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on surfaces of materials exposed to bacterial contamination, in particular implant materials. Polysaccharides are widely distributed in nature. A number of these natural polymers display antibiofilm properties. Hence, surface treatment by natural or modified polysaccharides is a promising means to fight against implant-associated biofilm infections. The present manuscript is an in-depth look at polysaccharide-based antibiofilm surfaces that have been proposed over the last ten years. This review, which is a novelty compared to published literature, will bring well documented and updated information to readers of Acta Biomaterialia.
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Reshamwala SMS, Mamidipally C, Pissurlenkar RRS, Coutinho EC, Noronha SB. Evaluation of risedronate as an antibiofilm agent. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:9-18. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shamlan M. S. Reshamwala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Raghuvir R. S. Pissurlenkar
- Molecular Simulations Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goa College of Pharmacy, , Panaji, India
| | - Evans C. Coutinho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, , Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh B. Noronha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Fungal Biofilms: Update on Resistance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 931:37-47. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Girardot M, Imbert C. Novel strategies against Candida biofilms: interest of synthetic compounds. Future Microbiol 2015; 11:69-79. [PMID: 26673571 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A biofilm is a consortium of microbial cells that are attached to a substratum or an interface. It should be considered a reservoir that may induce serious infections. Indeed, Candidaspp. biofilms may be involved in the persistence or worsening of some chronic inflammatory diseases as well as in systemic infections, which may lead to high morbidity and mortality rates. New strategies are currently being explored, utilizing several synthetic compounds to prevent or fight these Candida biofilms. This article focuses on active synthetic compounds classified with regards to their modes of action: inhibition of early adherence phase, inhibition or control of biofilm maturation and finally elimination of already formed biofilms. Some of them show promise in fighting biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Girardot
- EBI, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Bâtiment D1, 6 rue de la Milétrie, TSA 51115, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France
| | - Christine Imbert
- EBI, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Bâtiment D1, 6 rue de la Milétrie, TSA 51115, 86073 POITIERS Cedex 9, France
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Sang YL, Lin XS, Li XC, Liu YH, Zhang XH. Synthesis, crystal structure and antibacterial activity of a novel phenolato- and peroxo-bridged dinuclear cerium(IV) complex with tripodal Schiff bases. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Evaluation of baicalein, chitosan and usnic acid effect on Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei biofilm using a Cellavista device. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 118:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Biofilm-related infections: bridging the gap between clinical management and fundamental aspects of recalcitrance toward antibiotics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 78:510-43. [PMID: 25184564 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00013-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 744] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated microbial communities, called biofilms, are present in all environments. Although biofilms play an important positive role in a variety of ecosystems, they also have many negative effects, including biofilm-related infections in medical settings. The ability of pathogenic biofilms to survive in the presence of high concentrations of antibiotics is called "recalcitrance" and is a characteristic property of the biofilm lifestyle, leading to treatment failure and infection recurrence. This review presents our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of biofilm recalcitrance toward antibiotics and describes how recent progress has improved our capacity to design original and efficient strategies to prevent or eradicate biofilm-related infections.
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Bruder-Nascimento A, Camargo CH, Mondelli AL, Sugizaki MF, Sadatsune T, Bagagli E. Candida species biofilm and Candida albicans ALS3 polymorphisms in clinical isolates. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1371-7. [PMID: 25763043 PMCID: PMC4323312 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, there have been important changes in the epidemiology of Candida infections. In recent years, Candida species have emerged as important causes of invasive infections mainly among immunocompromised patients. This study analyzed Candida spp. isolates and compared the frequency and biofilm production of different species among the different sources of isolation: blood, urine, vulvovaginal secretions and peritoneal dialysis fluid. Biofilm production was quantified in 327 Candida isolates obtained from patients attended at a Brazilian tertiary public hospital (Botucatu, Sao Paulo). C. albicans ALS3 gene polymorphism was also evaluated by determining the number of repeated motifs in the central domain. Of the 198 total biofilm-positive isolates, 72 and 126 were considered as low and high biofilm producers, respectively. Biofilm production by C. albicans was significantly lower than that by non-albicans isolates and was most frequently observed in C. tropicalis. Biofilm production was more frequent among bloodstream isolates than other clinical sources, in urine, the isolates displayed a peculiar distribution by presenting two distinct peaks, one containing biofilm-negative isolates and the other containing isolates with intense biofilm production. The numbers of tandem-repeat copies per allele were not associated with biofilm production, suggesting the evolvement of other genetic determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Bruder-Nascimento
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Camargo
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Lia Mondelli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima Sugizaki
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Terue Sadatsune
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bagagli
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" BotucatuSP Brazil Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Silva Paes Leme AF, Ferreira AS, Alves FAO, de Azevedo BM, de Bretas LP, Farias RE, Oliveira MG, Raposo NRB. An effective and biocompatible antibiofilm coating for central venous catheter. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:357-65. [PMID: 25826042 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy and the tissue reaction of an antibiofilm coating composed of xylitol, triclosan, and polyhexamethylene biguanide. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by a turbidimetric method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the antiadherent property of central venous catheter (CVC) fragments impregnated with an antibiofilm coating (I-CVC) in comparison with noncoated CVC (NC-CVC) fragments. Two in vivo assays using subcutaneous implantation of NC-CVC and I-CVC fragments in the dorsal area of rats were performed. The first assay comprised hematological and microbiological analysis. The second assay evaluated tissue response by examining the inflammatory reactions after 7 and 21 days. The formulation displayed antimicrobial activity against all tested strains. A biofilm disaggregation with significant reduction of microorganism's adherence in I-CVC fragments was observed. In vivo antiadherence results demonstrated a reduction of early biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, mainly in an external surface of the I-CVC, in comparison with the NC-CVC. All animals displayed negative hemoculture. No significant tissue reaction was observed, indicating that the antibiofilm formulation could be considered biocompatible. The use of I-CVC could decrease the probability of development of localized or systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisa Farah Silva Paes Leme
- Center of Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (NUPICS), School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Silva-Dias A, Miranda IM, Branco J, Cobrado L, Monteiro-Soares M, Pina-Vaz C, Rodrigues AG. In vitro antifungal activity and in vivo antibiofilm activity of cerium nitrate against Candida species. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:1083-93. [PMID: 25558078 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to clarify the antifungal properties of cerium, a lanthanide member, against Candida species. A comprehensive study with planktonic and sessile cells was performed. The ability of cerium nitrate (CN) to impair in vitro and in vivo biofilm formation was evaluated and its potential use in biofilm treatment was also evaluated. METHODS Forty-eight clinical isolates of different Candida species and the type strain ATCC 90028 were tested according to the protocol M27-A3. The MICs and minimum lethal concentrations were determined. A time-kill assay was performed and a cytometric kinetic study was performed using live/dead markers. Biofilm inhibition and biofilm susceptibility in the presence of cerium was evaluated by quantification of the biofilm metabolic activity and total biomass with XTT and crystal violet assays, respectively. CN in vivo efficacy as a coating for medical indwelling devices was evaluated for the first time for Candida parapsilosis, using a mouse subcutaneous foreign body model using polyurethane catheter segments. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess biofilm architecture after CN treatment. RESULTS The MICs for planktonic cells correlated with severe cellular metabolic activity impairment and membrane damage after 3 h of incubation. Moreover, CN efficiently prevented biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo in segments of polyurethane catheters. At higher concentrations, it was also able to disorganize and almost eradicate preformed biofilms. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggest that CN application in the clinical setting might be effective in preventing the formation of biofilm-associated infections, namely through catheter coating and ultimately as an antimicrobial lock therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva-Dias
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Cardiovascular Research & Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Miranda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Cardiovascular Research & Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Branco
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Cobrado
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Cardiovascular Research & Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Burn Unit and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centro Hospitalar S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Matilde Monteiro-Soares
- CIDES, Department of Information and Decision Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cidália Pina-Vaz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Cardiovascular Research & Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Department of Microbiology, Centro Hospitalar S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Acácio G Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Cardiovascular Research & Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal CINTESIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal Burn Unit and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Centro Hospitalar S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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The Role of Antifungals against Candida Biofilm in Catheter-Related Candidemia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2014; 4:1-17. [PMID: 27025612 PMCID: PMC4790322 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics4010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catheter-related bloodstream infection (C-RBSI) is one of the most frequent nosocomial infections. It is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Candida spp. is the third most common cause of C-RBSI after coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus and is responsible for approximately 8% of episodes. The main cause of catheter-related candidemia is the ability of some Candida strains-mainly C. albicans and C. parapsilosis-to produce biofilms. Many in vitro and in vivo models have been designed to assess the activity of antifungal drugs against Candida biofilms. Echinocandins have proven to be the most active antifungal drugs. Potential options in situations where the catheter cannot be removed include the combination of systemic and lock antifungal therapy. However, well-designed and -executed clinical trials must be performed before firm recommendations can be issued.
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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Chitosan on the Oral Pathogen Candida albicans. Pathogens 2014; 3:908-19. [PMID: 25513734 PMCID: PMC4282891 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is particularly evident, not only in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, but also in elderly people with xerostomy. In general, Candida is an opportunistic pathogen, causing infections in immunocompromised people and, in some cases, when the natural microbiota is altered. Chitosan, a natural derivative of chitin, is a polysaccharide that has been proven to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that encompasses action against fungi, yeast and bacteria. While recent studies have revealed a significant antibiofilm activity upon several microorganisms, including C. albicans, little is known regarding the impact of chitosan upon the adhesive process or mature biofilms. With that in mind, the purpose of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the capability of chitosan to inhibit C. albicans growth and biofilm formation. The results obtained showed that chitosan is capable of inhibiting C. albicans planktonic growth (HMW, 1 mg/mL; LMW, 3 mg/mL). Regarding biofilm growth, chitosan inhibited C. albicans adhesion (ca. 95%), biofilm formation (percentages above 90%) and reduced mature biofilms by ca. 65% and dual species biofilms (C. albicans and S. mutans) by ca. 70%. These results display the potential of this molecule to be used as an effective anti-Candida agent capable of acting upon C. albicans infections.
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Foreign Body Infection Models to Study Host-Pathogen Response and Antimicrobial Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilm. Antibiotics (Basel) 2014; 3:378-97. [PMID: 27025752 PMCID: PMC4790362 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics3030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of implanted medical devices is steadily increasing and has become an effective intervention improving life quality, but still carries the risk of infection. These infections are mainly caused by biofilm-forming staphylococci that are difficult to treat due to the decreased susceptibility to both antibiotics and host defense mechanisms. To understand the particular pathogenesis and treatment tolerance of implant-associated infection (IAI) animal models that closely resemble human disease are needed. Applications of the tissue cage and catheter abscess foreign body infection models in the mouse will be discussed herein. Both models allow the investigation of biofilm and virulence of various bacterial species and a comprehensive insight into the host response at the same time. They have also been proven to serve as very suitable tools to study the anti-adhesive and anti-infective efficacy of different biomaterial coatings. The tissue cage model can additionally be used to determine pharmacokinetics, efficacy and cytotoxicity of antimicrobial compounds as the tissue cage fluid can be aspirated repeatedly without the need to sacrifice the animal. Moreover, with the advance in innovative imaging systems in rodents, these models may offer new diagnostic measures of infection. In summary, animal foreign body infection models are important tools in the development of new antimicrobials against IAI and can help to elucidate the complex interactions between bacteria, the host immune system, and prosthetic materials.
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Rahmani-Badi A, Sepehr S, Mohammadi P, Soudi MR, Babaie-Naiej H, Fallahi H. A combination of cis-2-decenoic acid and antibiotics eradicates pre-established catheter-associated biofilms. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1509-1516. [PMID: 25082943 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.075374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The catheterized urinary tract provides ideal conditions for the development of biofilm populations. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are recalcitrant to existing antimicrobial treatments; therefore, established biofilms are not eradicated completely after treatment and surviving biofilm cells will carry on the infection. Cis-2-decenoic acid (CDA), an unsaturated fatty acid, is capable of inhibiting biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and of inducing the dispersion of established biofilms by multiple types of micro-organisms. Here, the ability of CDA to induce dispersal in pre-established single- and dual-species biofilms formed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was measured by using both semi-batch and continuous cultures bioassays. Removal of the biofilms by combined CDA and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin or ampicillin) was evaluated using microtitre plate assays (crystal violet staining). The c.f.u. counts were determined to assess the potential of combined CDA treatments to kill and eradicate pre-established biofilms formed on catheters. The effects of combined CDA treatments on biofilm surface area and bacteria viability were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy, digital image analysis and live/dead staining. To investigate the ability of CDA to prevent biofilm formation, single and mixed cultures were grown in the presence and absence of CDA. Treatment of pre-established biofilms with only 310 nM CDA resulted in at least threefold increase in the number of planktonic cells in all cultures tested. Whilst none of the antibiotics alone exerted a significant effect on c.f.u. counts and percentage of surface area covered by the biofilms, combined CDA treatments led to at least a 78% reduction in biofilm biomass in all cases. Moreover, most of the biofilm cells remaining on the surface were killed by antibiotics. The addition of 310 nM CDA significantly prevented biofilm formation by the tested micro-organisms, even within mixed cultures, indicating the ability of CDA to inhibit biofilm formation by other types of bacteria in addition to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings suggested that the biofilm-preventive characteristics of CDA make it a noble candidate for inhibition of biofilm-associated infections such as CAUTIs, which paves the way toward developing new strategies to control biofilms in clinical as well as industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hossein Fallahi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Biology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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Lebeaux D, Fernández-Hidalgo N, Chauhan A, Lee S, Ghigo JM, Almirante B, Beloin C. Management of infections related to totally implantable venous-access ports: challenges and perspectives. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:146-59. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Lebeaux D, Chauhan A, Rendueles O, Beloin C. From in vitro to in vivo Models of Bacterial Biofilm-Related Infections. Pathogens 2013; 2:288-356. [PMID: 25437038 PMCID: PMC4235718 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens2020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of microorganisms growing as sessile communities in a large number of human infections has been extensively studied and recognized for 30–40 years, therefore warranting intense scientific and medical research. Nonetheless, mimicking the biofilm-life style of bacteria and biofilm-related infections has been an arduous task. Models used to study biofilms range from simple in vitro to complex in vivo models of tissues or device-related infections. These different models have progressively contributed to the current knowledge of biofilm physiology within the host context. While far from a complete understanding of the multiple elements controlling the dynamic interactions between the host and biofilms, we are nowadays witnessing the emergence of promising preventive or curative strategies to fight biofilm-related infections. This review undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the literature from a historic perspective commenting on the contribution of the different models and discussing future venues and new approaches that can be merged with more traditional techniques in order to model biofilm-infections and efficiently fight them.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lebeaux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - Ashwini Chauhan
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - Olaya Rendueles
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
| | - Christophe Beloin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.
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