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Liu C, Yu J, Chen C, Li X, Ye Y, Dong Y, Ying X, Li H, Wang W. Characterization of linezolid- and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in a tertiary hospital in China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:486. [PMID: 38730362 PMCID: PMC11088155 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, linezolid-resistant staphylococci have become an emerging problem worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance, molecular epidemiology and transmission of linezolid-resistant CoNS in hospitals is very important. METHODS The antimicrobial susceptibilities of all isolates were determined by the microdilution method. The resistance mechanisms and molecular characteristics of the strains were determined using whole-genome sequencing and PCR. RESULTS All the strains were resistant to oxacillin and carried the mecA gene; 13 patients (36.1%) had prior linezolid exposure. Most S. epidermidis and S. hominis isolates were ST22 and ST1, respectively. MLST typing and evolutionary analysis indicated most linezolid-resistant CoNS strains were genetically related. In this study, we revealed that distinct CoNS strains have different mechanisms of linezolid resistance. Among ST22-type S. epidermidis, acquisition of the T2504A and C2534T mutations in the V domain of the 23 S rRNA gene, as well as mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 (L101V, G152D, and D159Y) and L4 (N158S), were linked to the development of linezolid resistance. In S. cohnii isolates, cfr, S158Y and D159Y mutations in the ribosomal protein L3 were detected. Additionally, emergence of the G2576T mutation and the cfr gene were major causes of linezolid resistance in S. hominis isolates. The cfr gene, G2576T and C2104T mutations, M156T change in L3 protein, and I188S change in L4 protein were found in S. capitis isolates. CONCLUSION The emergence of linezolid-resistant CoNS in the environment is concerning because it involves clonal dissemination and frequently coexists with various drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaogai Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafei Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yani Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yichuan People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Luohe Sixth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanhai Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
- Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Tessier E, Ruffier d'Epenoux L, Lartigue MF, Chaufour L, Plouzeau-Jayle C, Chenouard R, Guérin F, Tandé D, Lamoureux C, Bémer P, Corvec S. Comparison of the in vitro activities of delafloxacin and comparators against Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical strains involved in osteoarticular infections: a CRIOGO multicentre retrospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1045-1050. [PMID: 38507272 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus epidermidis bone and joint infections (BJIs) on material are often difficult to treat. The activity of delafloxacin has not yet been studied on S. epidermidis in this context. The aim of this study was to assess its in vitro activity compared with other fluoroquinolones, against a large collection of S. epidermidis clinical strains. METHODS We selected 538 S. epidermidis strains isolated between January 2015 and February 2023 from six French teaching hospitals. One hundred and fifty-two strains were ofloxacin susceptible and 386 were ofloxacin resistant. Identifications were performed by MS and MICs were determined using gradient concentration strips for ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and delafloxacin. RESULTS Ofloxacin-susceptible strains were susceptible to all fluoroquinolones. Resistant strains had higher MICs of all fluoroquinolones. Strains resistant to ofloxacin (89.1%) still showed susceptibility to delafloxacin when using the Staphylococcus aureus 2021 CA-SFM/EUCAST threshold of 0.25 mg/L. In contrast, only 3.9% of the ofloxacin-resistant strains remained susceptible to delafloxacin with the 0.016 mg/L S. aureus breakpoint according to CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines in 2022. The MIC50 was 0.094 mg/L and the MIC90 was 0.38 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS We showed low delafloxacin MICs for ofloxacin-susceptible S. epidermidis strains and a double population for ofloxacin-resistant strains. Despite the absence of breakpoints for S. epidermidis, delafloxacin may be an option for the treatment of complex BJI, including strains with MICs of ≤0.094 mg/L, leading to 64% susceptibility. This study underlines the importance for determining specific S. epidermidis delafloxacin breakpoints for the management of BJI on material.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tessier
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - L Ruffier d'Epenoux
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM, INCIT U1302, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - M F Lartigue
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Tours, Tours, France
- ISP, UMR1282, Université de Tours, INRAe, Tours, France
| | - L Chaufour
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - C Plouzeau-Jayle
- Service de Bactériologie et d'Hygiène hospitalière, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - R Chenouard
- Service de Bactériologie, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - F Guérin
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène hospitalière & CNR de la résistance aux Antibiotiques (laboratoire associé 'Entérocoques'), CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - D Tandé
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - C Lamoureux
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | - P Bémer
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM, INCIT U1302, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
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Cuny C, Layer-Nicolaou F, Werner G, Witte W. A look at staphylococci from the one health perspective. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151604. [PMID: 38367509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species are resident and transient multihost colonizers as well as conditional pathogens. Especially S. aureus represents an excellent model bacterium for the "One Health" concept because of its dynamics at the human-animal interface and versatility with respect to host adaptation. The development of antimicrobial resistance plays another integral part. This overview will focus on studies at the human-animal interface with respect to livestock farming and to companion animals, as well as on staphylococci in wildlife. In this context transmissions of staphylococci and of antimicrobial resistance genes between animals and humans are of particular significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Cuny
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Pocognoli A, Zeni G, Mazzariol A, Di Gregorio A, Vignaroli C, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Persistence and evolution of linezolid- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ST2 and ST5 clones in an Italian hospital. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:358-364. [PMID: 38331029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the human skin microbiome. However, in recent decades, multidrug-resistant and hospital-adapted S. epidermidis clones are increasingly involved in severe human infections associated with medical devices and in immunocompromised patients. In 2016, we reported that a linezolid- and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis ST2 clone, bearing the G2576T mutation, was endemic in an Italian hospital since 2004. This study aimed to retrospectively analyse 34 linezolid- and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (LR-MRSE) strains collected from 2018 to 2021 from the same hospital. METHODS LR-MRSE were typed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing and screened for transferable linezolid resistance genes. Representative LR-MRSE were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and their resistomes, including the presence of ribosomal mechanisms of linezolid resistance and of rpoB gene mutations conferring rifampin resistance, were investigated. RESULTS ST2 lineage was still prevalent (19/34; 55.9%), but, over time, ST5 clone has been widespread too (15/34; 44.1%). Thirteen of the 34 isolates (38.2%) were positive for the cfr gene. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of relevant LR-MRSE displayed complex resistomes for the presence of several acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including the SCCmec type III (3A) and SCCmec type IV (2B) in ST2 and ST5 isolates, respectively. Bioinformatics and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mapping also showed a plasmid-location of the cfr gene and the occurrence of previously undetected mutations in L3 (ST2 lineage) and L4 (ST3 lineage) ribosomal proteins and substitutions in the rpoB gene. CONCLUSION The occurrence of LR-MRSE should be carefully monitored in order to prevent the spread of this difficult-to-treat pathogen and to preserve the efficacy of linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Cinthi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Pocognoli
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 'Ospedali Riuniti', Ancona, Italy
| | - Guido Zeni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Annarita Mazzariol
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Gregorio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Campmann F, Tönnies H, Böing C, Schuler F, Mellmann A, Schwierzeck V. Molecular Characterization of Clinical Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1805. [PMID: 37512978 PMCID: PMC10383320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is part of the human skin flora but can also cause nosocomial infections, such as device-associated infections, especially in vulnerable patient groups. Here, we investigated clinical isolates of linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis (LRSE) collected from blood cultures at the University Hospital Münster (UHM) during the period 2020-2022. All detected isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the relatedness of the isolates was determined using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). The 15 LRSE isolates detected were classified as multilocus sequence type (ST) 2 carrying the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type III. All isolates showed high-level resistance for linezolid by gradient tests. However, no isolate carried the cfr gene that is often associated with linezolid resistance. Analysis of cgMLST data sets revealed a cluster of six closely related LRSE isolates, suggesting a transmission event on a hematological/oncological ward at our hospital. Among the included patients, the majority of patients affected by LRSE infections had underlying hematological malignancies. This confirms previous observations that this patient group is particularly vulnerable to LRSE infection. Our data emphasize that the surveillance of LRSE in the hospital setting is a necessary step to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis among vulnerable patient groups, such as patients with hematological malignancies, immunosuppression or patients in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Campmann
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hauke Tönnies
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Böing
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Schuler
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Schwierzeck
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Coustillères F, Renault V, Corvec S, Dupieux C, Simões PM, Lartigue MF, Plouzeau-Jayle C, Tande D, Lamoureux C, Lemarié C, Chenouard R, Laurent F, Lemaignen A, Bémer P. Clinical, Bacteriological, and Genetic Characterization of Bone and Joint Infections Involving Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis: a Retrospective Multicenter Study in French Reference Centers. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0419022. [PMID: 37133395 PMCID: PMC10269892 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04190-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The choice of the best probabilistic postoperative antibiotics in bone and joint infections (BJIs) is still challenging. Since the implementation of protocolized postoperative linezolid in six French referral centers, linezolid-resistant multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LR-MDRSE) strains were isolated in patients with BJI. We aimed here to describe clinical, microbiological, and molecular patterns associated with these strains. All patients with at least one intraoperative specimen positive for LR-MDRSE between 2015 and 2020 were included in this retrospective multicenter study. Clinical presentation, management, and outcome were described. LR-MDRSE strains were investigated by MIC determination for linezolid and other anti-MRSA antibiotics, characterization of genetic determinants of resistance, and phylogenetic analysis. Forty-six patients (colonization n = 10, infection n = 36) were included in five centers, 45 had prior exposure to linezolid, 33 had foreign devices. Clinical success was achieved for 26/36 patients. Incidence of LR-MDRSE increased over the study period. One hundred percent of the strains were resistant to oxazolidinones, gentamicin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, rifampicin, ceftaroline, and ceftobiprole, and susceptible to cyclins, daptomycin, and dalbavancin. Susceptibility to delafloxacin was bimodal. Molecular analysis was performed for 44 strains, and the main mutation conferring linezolid resistance was the 23S rRNA G2576T mutation. All strains belonged to the sequence type ST2 or its clonal complex, and phylogenetic analysis showed emergence of five populations corresponding geographically to the centers. We showed the emergence of new clonal populations of highly linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis in BJIs. Identifying patients at risk for LR-MDRSE acquisition and proposing alternatives to systematic postoperative linezolid use are essential. IMPORTANCE The manuscript describes the emergence of clonal linezolid-resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (LR-MDRSE) isolated from patients presenting with bone and joint infections. Incidence of LR-MDRSE increased over the study period. All strains were highly resistant to oxazolidinones, gentamicin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, rifampicin, ceftaroline, and ceftobiprole, but were susceptible to cyclins, daptomycin, and dalbavancin. Susceptibility to delafloxacin was bimodal. The main mutation conferring linezolid resistance was the 23S rRNA G2576T mutation. All strains belonged to the sequence type ST2 or its clonal complex, and phylogenetic analysis showed emergence of five populations corresponding geographically to the centers. LR-MDRSE bone and joint infections seem to be accompanied by an overall poor prognosis related to comorbidities and therapeutic issues. Identifying patients at risk for LR-MDRSE acquisition and proposing alternatives to systematic postoperative linezolid use become essential, with a preference for parenteral drugs such as lipopeptids or lipoglycopeptids.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Coustillères
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Tours, France
| | - Victor Renault
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Nantes, France
| | - Céline Dupieux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOAC Lyon), France
| | - Patricia Martins Simões
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOAC Lyon), France
| | - Marie Frédérique Lartigue
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Tours, France
| | - Chloé Plouzeau-Jayle
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Poitiers, France
| | - Didier Tande
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Brest, France
| | - Claudie Lamoureux
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Brest, France
| | - Carole Lemarié
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Angers, France
| | - Rachel Chenouard
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Angers, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOAC Lyon), France
| | - Adrien Lemaignen
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Tours, France
| | - Pascale Bémer
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Nantes, France
| | - the CRIOGO (Centre de Référence des Infections Ostéo-articulaires du Grand Ouest) Study Team
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Nantes, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Service de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOAC Lyon), France
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Tours, France
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Poitiers, France
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Brest, France
- Service de Bactériologie et d’Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Centre Régional de Référence pour la prise en charge des IOA complexes (CRIOGO), Angers, France
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Canale V, Czekajewska J, Klesiewicz K, Papież M, Kuziak A, Witek K, Piska K, Niemiec D, Kasza P, Pękala E, Empel J, Tomczak M, Karczewska E, Zajdel P. Design and synthesis of novel arylurea derivatives of aryloxy(1-phenylpropyl) alicyclic diamines with antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115224. [PMID: 36958177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The alarming increase in the resistance of bacteria to the currently available antibiotics necessitates the development of new effective antimicrobial agents that are active against bacterial pathogens causing major public health problems. For this purpose, our in-house libraries were screened against a wide panel of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, based on which compound I was selected for further optimization. Synthetic efforts in a group of arylurea derivatives of aryloxy(1-phenylpropyl) alicyclic diamines, followed with an in vitro evaluation of the activity against multidrug-resistant strains identified compound 44 (1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-{3-phenyl-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] propyl}piperidin-4-yl)urea). Compound 44 showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including fatal drug-resistant strains i.e., Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant, MRSA; vancomycin-intermediate, VISA) and Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant, VREfm) at low concentrations (0.78-3.125 μg/mL) comparable to last resort antibiotics (i.e., vancomycin and linezolid). It is also potent against biofilm-forming S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (including linezolid-resistant, LRSE) strains, but with no activity against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Compound 44 showed strong bactericidal properties against susceptible and drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Depolarization of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane induced by compound 44 suggests a dissipation of the bacterial membrane potential as its mechanism of antibacterial action. The high antimicrobial activity of compound 44, along with its selectivity over mammalian cells (lung MCR-5 and skin BJ fibroblast cell lines) and no hemolytic properties toward horse erythrocytes, proposes arylurea derivatives of aryloxy(1-phenylpropyl) alicyclic diamines for development of novel antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Canale
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Czekajewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Klesiewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Papież
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Kuziak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Witek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Niemiec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patryk Kasza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Empel
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Street, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tomczak
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chełmska Street, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Karczewska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Zajdel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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Bémer P, Aubry A, Tessier E, Ruffier d'Epenoux L, Lakhal K, Lepoivre T, Boutoille D, Deschanvres C, Lecomte R, Navas D, Guillouzouic A, Corvec S. Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis resistant to linezolid: activity of ceftaroline versus ceftobiprole in a French University Hospital. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106613. [PMID: 35691604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Bémer
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France.
| | - Arthur Aubry
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Eve Tessier
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Louise Ruffier d'Epenoux
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Lakhal
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Laënnec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Lepoivre
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Laënnec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - David Boutoille
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Unité d'Investigation Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Colin Deschanvres
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Unité d'Investigation Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Raphaël Lecomte
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique Unité d'Investigation Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Navas
- Pharmacie, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Guillouzouic
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- Service de Bactériologie et des Contrôles Microbiologiques, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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9
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Brenciani A, Morroni G, Schwarz S, Giovanetti E. Oxazolidinones: mechanisms of resistance and mobile genetic elements involved. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2596-2621. [PMID: 35989417 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxazolidinones (linezolid and tedizolid) are last-resort antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of severe infections in humans caused by MDR Gram-positive bacteria. They bind to the peptidyl transferase centre of the bacterial ribosome inhibiting protein synthesis. Even if the majority of Gram-positive bacteria remain susceptible to oxazolidinones, resistant isolates have been reported worldwide. Apart from mutations, affecting mostly the 23S rDNA genes and selected ribosomal proteins, acquisition of resistance genes (cfr and cfr-like, optrA and poxtA), often associated with mobile genetic elements [such as non-conjugative and conjugative plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), prophages and translocatable units], plays a critical role in oxazolidinone resistance. In this review, we briefly summarize the current knowledge on oxazolidinone resistance mechanisms and provide an overview on the diversity of the mobile genetic elements carrying oxazolidinone resistance genes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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10
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Zahornacký O, Porubčin Š, Rovňáková A, Jarčuška P, Andraščíková Š, Rimárová K. Occurrence of bacteria belonging to the genus Enterococcus and Staphylococcus on inanimate surfaces of selected hospital facilities and their nosocomial significance. Cent Eur J Public Health 2022; 30:S57-S62. [PMID: 35841227 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aimed to determine the representation and resistance of bacteria belonging to the genus Staphylococcus and Enterococcus on inanimate surfaces of two selected workplaces of the University Hospital of L. Pasteur in Košice (UHLP) and to investigate their importance in the hospital environment. The men's ward of the Department of Internal Medicine (DIM) and the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (DAIC) were chosen. METHODS Using sterile sampling kits, a total of 182 swabs were collected from the inanimate surfaces of both UHLP workplaces. The swabs were then transported to a microbiological laboratory and inoculated onto sterile culture media (blood agar containing 5% ram erythrocytes). After culturing (24-48 hours, in a thermostat at constant temperature 37 °C), bacterial colonies were identified by mass spectrometry on a MALDI TOF MS. Bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were subsequently separated from the spectrum of identified bacteria. Nosocomial significant strains of staphylococci (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus) and all isolated enterococci were subjected to susceptibility testing for selected antibiotics using the disk diffusion method - E-tests. RESULTS Several members of the genus Staphylococcus were identified from the inanimate surfaces of both workplaces. These were mainly coagulase-negative strains - Staphylococcus epidermidis (45), Staphylococcus capitis (34), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (20), Staphylococcus hominis (45), Staphylococcus pasteuri (2), Staphylococcus sroph (1), Staphylococcus simulans (3), and Staphylococcus warneri (4). Staphylococcus aureus strains were also identified (2). Nosocomial significant isolates were tested for susceptibility to the antibiotics cefoxitin (FOX) and oxacillin (OXA). Two members of the genus Enterococcus - Enterococcus faecium (7) and Enterococcus faecalis (8) were isolated. All strains were subject to vancomycin susceptibility testing using the disk method. CONCLUSION
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Zahornacký
- Department of Infectiology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Štefan Porubčin
- Department of Infectiology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alena Rovňáková
- Department of Infectiology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Jarčuška
- Department of Infectiology and Travel Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Štefánia Andraščíková
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Care, University of Presov, Presov, Slovak Republic
| | - Kvetoslava Rimárová
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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11
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Girlich D, Mihaila L, Cattoir V, Laurent F, Begasse C, David F, Metro CA, Dortet L. Evaluation of CHROMagar™ LIN-R for the Screening of Linezolid Resistant Staphylococci from Positive Blood Cultures and Nasal Swab Screening Samples. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030313. [PMID: 35326776 PMCID: PMC8944678 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of nosocomial pathogens with resistances towards last resort antibiotics, like linezolid for gram positive bacteria, leads to a pressing need for screening and, consequently, suitable screening media. Some national guidelines on infection prevention (e.g., in Germany) have already recommended screening for linezolid-resistant bacteria, despite an accurate screening medium that was not available yet. In this study, we analyzed the performance and reliability of the first commercial chromogenic medium, CHOMagar™ LIN-R, for screening of linezolid-resistant gram-positive isolates. Thirty-four pure bacterial cultures, 18 positive blood cultures, and 358 nasal swab screening samples were tested. This medium efficiently detected linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis isolates from pure bacterial cultures and from positive blood cultures with a high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%). Among the 358 nasal swab screening samples prospectively tested, 10.9% were cultured with linezolid-resistant isolates (mostly S. epidermidis). Of note, slight growth was observed for 7.5% samples with linezolid-susceptible isolates of S. epidermidis (n = 1), S. aureus (n = 1), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 4), Lactobacillus spp. (n = 3), gram negatives (n = 18). Moreover, few Candida spp. also cultured on this medium (1.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Girlich
- INSERM UMR1184-Team RESIST, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
| | - Liliana Mihaila
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (L.M.); (C.B.); (F.D.); (C.-A.M.)
| | - Vincent Cattoir
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Enterococci, University Hospital of Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France;
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- National Reference Center for Staphylococci, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France;
| | - Christine Begasse
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (L.M.); (C.B.); (F.D.); (C.-A.M.)
| | - Florence David
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (L.M.); (C.B.); (F.D.); (C.-A.M.)
| | - Carole-Ann Metro
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (L.M.); (C.B.); (F.D.); (C.-A.M.)
| | - Laurent Dortet
- INSERM UMR1184-Team RESIST, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
- Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bicêtre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (L.M.); (C.B.); (F.D.); (C.-A.M.)
- Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-1-45216332
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12
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Tsai K, Stojković V, Lee DJ, Young ID, Szal T, Klepacki D, Vázquez-Laslop N, Mankin AS, Fraser JS, Fujimori DG. Structural basis for context-specific inhibition of translation by oxazolidinone antibiotics. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:162-171. [DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Tsai K, Stojković V, Noda-Garcia L, Young ID, Myasnikov AG, Kleinman J, Palla A, Floor SN, Frost A, Fraser JS, Tawfik DS, Fujimori DG. Directed evolution of the rRNA methylating enzyme Cfr reveals molecular basis of antibiotic resistance. eLife 2022; 11:e70017. [PMID: 35015630 PMCID: PMC8752094 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of antibiotic binding sites through modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a common form of resistance to ribosome-targeting antibiotics. The rRNA-modifying enzyme Cfr methylates an adenosine nucleotide within the peptidyl transferase center, resulting in the C-8 methylation of A2503 (m8A2503). Acquisition of cfr results in resistance to eight classes of ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Despite the prevalence of this resistance mechanism, it is poorly understood whether and how bacteria modulate Cfr methylation to adapt to antibiotic pressure. Moreover, direct evidence for how m8A2503 alters antibiotic binding sites within the ribosome is lacking. In this study, we performed directed evolution of Cfr under antibiotic selection to generate Cfr variants that confer increased resistance by enhancing methylation of A2503 in cells. Increased rRNA methylation is achieved by improved expression and stability of Cfr through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, which may be exploited by pathogens under antibiotic stress as suggested by natural isolates. Using a variant that achieves near-stoichiometric methylation of rRNA, we determined a 2.2 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Cfr-modified ribosome. Our structure reveals the molecular basis for broad resistance to antibiotics and will inform the design of new antibiotics that overcome resistance mediated by Cfr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Tsai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Vanja Stojković
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Lianet Noda-Garcia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Iris D Young
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alexander G Myasnikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jordan Kleinman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ali Palla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - James S Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Dan S Tawfik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Danica Galonić Fujimori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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14
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1838-1846. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Ahlschwede KM, Amissah F, Deshmukh R. Evaluating the effect of cationic peptide K16ApoE against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Ferreira CM, Filho RAAB, Ferreira GMA, de Lacerda MVG, de Oliveira CMC, de Souza Sampaio V, Silva LM, Pascoal AG, Ferreira WA. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species in healthcare workers of a blood bank in the Brazilian Amazon. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34736414 PMCID: PMC8567558 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers are susceptible to colonization by multiresistant bacteria, which can increase the risk of outbreaks. METHODS Samples were collected from the nasopharynx, hands, and lab coats of healthcare workers. The phenotypic identification was carried out using a VITEK®2 rapid test system. PCR tests for the mecA gene and the sequencing of the amplicons were performed. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus phylogenies were reconstructed using the Bayesian inference. RESULTS A total of 225 healthcare workers participated in this study. Of these, 21.3% were male and 78.7% female. S. epidermidis and S.aureus showed high levels of resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and cefoxitin. The prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus was 3.16% and methicillin resistant S. epidermidis was 100%. Multilocus sequence typing identified 23 new S. epidermidis sequence types, and one new allele and sequence type for S. aureus. The frequency of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis in nursing and hemotherapy technicians as a percentage of the total number of healthcare workers was 5.8-3.1%, while the frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus in hemotherapy technicians and biomedics, as a percentage of the total number of healthcare workers was 4.2-8.9%%. CONCLUSIONS The healthcare workers at the city's blood bank, even when taking the necessary care with their hands, body and clothes, harbour methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis sequence types, which, as a potential source of multidrug resistant bacteria, can contribute to nosocomial infections among hematological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guilherme Motta Antunes Ferreira
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanderson de Souza Sampaio
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Manaus, Brazil.,Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lucyane Mendes Silva
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andreza Gomes Pascoal
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, Manaus, Brazil
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17
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Gostev V, Leyn S, Kruglov A, Likholetova D, Kalinogorskaya O, Baykina M, Dmitrieva N, Grigorievskaya Z, Priputnevich T, Lyubasovskaya L, Gordeev A, Sidorenko S. Global Expansion of Linezolid-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661798. [PMID: 34589061 PMCID: PMC8473885 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) for a long time were considered avirulent constituents of the human and warm-blooded animal microbiota. However, at present, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis are recognized as opportunistic pathogens. Although linezolid is not registered for the treatment of CoNS infections, it is widely used off-label, promoting emergence of resistance. Bioinformatic analysis based on maximum-likelihood phylogeny and Bayesian clustering of the CoNS genomes obtained in the current study and downloaded from public databases revealed the existence of international linezolid-resistant lineages, each of which probably had a common predecessor. Linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis sequence-type (ST) 2 from Russia, France, and Germany formed a compact group of closely related genomes with a median pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference of fewer than 53 SNPs, and a common ancestor of this lineage appeared in 1998 (1986-2006) before introduction of linezolid in practice. Another compact group of linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis was represented by ST22 isolates from France and Russia with a median pairwise SNP difference of 40; a common ancestor of this lineage appeared in 2011 (2008-2013). Linezolid-resistant S. hominis ST2 from Russia, Germany, and Brazil also formed a group with a high-level genome identity with median 25.5 core-SNP differences; the appearance of the common progenitor dates to 2003 (1996-2012). Linezolid-resistant S. hominis isolates from Russia demonstrated associated resistance to teicoplanin. Analysis of a midpoint-rooted phylogenetic tree of the group confirmed the genetic proximity of Russian and German isolates; Brazilian isolates were phylogenetically distant. repUS5-like plasmids harboring cfr were detected in S. hominis and S. haemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gostev
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named After I. I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Semen Leyn
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Kruglov
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, National Agency for Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Likholetova
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Kalinogorskaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Baykina
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, National Agency for Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Dmitrieva
- Department of Microbiology, N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zlata Grigorievskaya
- Department of Microbiology, N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Priputnevich
- Department of Microbiology, Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Lyubasovskaya
- Department of Microbiology, Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Gordeev
- Department of Microbiology, Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Sidorenko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology, Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, North-Western State Medical University Named After I. I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Papan C, Schröder M, Hoffmann M, Knoll H, Last K, Albrecht F, Geisel J, Fink T, Gärtner BC, Mellmann A, Volk T, Berger FK, Becker SL. Combined antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures to contain the spread of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in an intensive care unit. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:99. [PMID: 34193293 PMCID: PMC8242281 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The unrestricted use of linezolid has been linked to the emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE). We report the effects of combined antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures on the spread of LRSE in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Microbiological data were reviewed to identify all LRSE detected in clinical samples at an ICU in southwest Germany. Quantitative data on the use of antibiotics with Gram-positive coverage were obtained in defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 patient-days (PD). In addition to infection control measures, an antibiotic stewardship intervention was started in May 2019, focusing on linezolid restriction and promoting vancomycin, wherever needed. We compared data from the pre-intervention period (May 2018–April 2019) to the post-intervention period (May 2019–April 2020). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to determine the genetic relatedness of LRSE isolates. Results In the pre-intervention period, LRSE were isolated from 31 patients (17 in blood cultures). The average consumption of linezolid and daptomycin decreased from 7.5 DDD/100 PD and 12.3 DDD/100 PD per month in the pre-intervention period to 2.5 DDD/100 PD and 5.7 DDD/100 PD per month in the post-intervention period (p = 0.0022 and 0.0205), respectively. Conversely, vancomycin consumption increased from 0.2 DDD/100 PD per month to 4.7 DDD/100 PD per month (p < 0.0001). In the post-intervention period, LRSE were detected in 6 patients (4 in blood cultures) (p = 0.0065). WGS revealed the predominance of one single clone. Conclusions Complementing infection control measures by targeted antibiotic stewardship interventions was beneficial in containing the spread of LRSE in an ICU. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13756-021-00970-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Papan
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schröder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Knoll
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Last
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frederic Albrecht
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fink
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara C Gärtner
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Volk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Fabian K Berger
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sören L Becker
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Kirrberger Strasse, Building 43, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Mobile Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e0018820. [PMID: 34076490 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00188-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven mobile oxazolidinone resistance genes, including cfr, cfr(B), cfr(C), cfr(D), cfr(E), optrA, and poxtA, have been identified to date. The cfr genes code for 23S rRNA methylases, which confer a multiresistance phenotype that includes resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A compounds. The optrA and poxtA genes code for ABC-F proteins that protect the bacterial ribosomes from the inhibitory effects of oxazolidinones. The optrA gene confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, while the poxtA gene confers elevated MICs or resistance to oxazolidinones, phenicols, and tetracycline. These oxazolidinone resistance genes are most frequently found on plasmids, but they are also located on transposons, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), genomic islands, and prophages. In these mobile genetic elements (MGEs), insertion sequences (IS) most often flanked the cfr, optrA, and poxtA genes and were able to generate translocatable units (TUs) that comprise the oxazolidinone resistance genes and occasionally also other genes. MGEs and TUs play an important role in the dissemination of oxazolidinone resistance genes across strain, species, and genus boundaries. Most frequently, these MGEs also harbor genes that mediate resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes, but also to metals and biocides. Direct selection pressure by the use of antimicrobial agents to which the oxazolidinone resistance genes confer resistance, but also indirect selection pressure by the use of antimicrobial agents, metals, or biocides (the respective resistance genes against which are colocated on cfr-, optrA-, or poxtA-carrying MGEs) may play a role in the coselection and persistence of oxazolidinone resistance genes.
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Igler C, Rolff J, Regoes R. Multi-step vs. single-step resistance evolution under different drugs, pharmacokinetics, and treatment regimens. eLife 2021; 10:64116. [PMID: 34001313 PMCID: PMC8184216 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of antimicrobial treatment is threatened by the evolution of drug resistance. Population genetic models are an important tool in mitigating that threat. However, most such models consider resistance emergence via a single mutational step. Here, we assembled experimental evidence that drug resistance evolution follows two patterns: (i) a single mutation, which provides a large resistance benefit, or (ii) multiple mutations, each conferring a small benefit, which combine to yield high-level resistance. Using stochastic modeling, we then investigated the consequences of these two patterns for treatment failure and population diversity under various treatments. We find that resistance evolution is substantially limited if more than two mutations are required and that the extent of this limitation depends on the combination of drug type and pharmacokinetic profile. Further, if multiple mutations are necessary, adaptive treatment, which only suppresses the bacterial population, delays treatment failure due to resistance for a longer time than aggressive treatment, which aims at eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Igler
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Rolff
- Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Regoes
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Huber S, Knoll MA, Berktold M, Würzner R, Brindlmayer A, Weber V, Posch AE, Mrazek K, Lepuschitz S, Ante M, Beisken S, Orth-Höller D, Weinberger J. Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis of Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in a Tertiary Hospital in Innsbruck, Austria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1023. [PMID: 34068744 PMCID: PMC8150687 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing is a useful tool to monitor the spread of resistance mechanisms in bacteria. In this retrospective study, we investigated genetic resistance mechanisms, sequence types (ST) and respective phenotypes of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE, n = 129) recovered from a cohort of patients receiving or not receiving linezolid within a tertiary hospital in Innsbruck, Austria. Hereby, the point mutation G2603U in the 23S rRNA (n = 91) was the major resistance mechanism followed by the presence of plasmid-derived cfr (n = 30). The majority of LRSE isolates were ST2 strains, followed by ST5. LRSE isolates expressed a high resistance level to linezolid with a minimal inhibitory concentration of ≥256 mg/L (n = 83) in most isolates, particularly in strains carrying the cfr gene (p < 0.001). Linezolid usage was the most prominent (but not the only) trigger for the development of linezolid resistance. However, administration of linezolid was not associated with a specific resistance mechanism. Restriction of linezolid usage and the monitoring of plasmid-derived cfr in LRSE are potential key steps to reduce linezolid resistance and its transmission to more pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Huber
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (M.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.W.)
| | - Miriam A. Knoll
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (M.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.W.)
| | - Michael Berktold
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (M.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.W.)
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.H.); (M.A.K.); (M.B.); (R.W.)
| | - Anita Brindlmayer
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (A.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (A.B.); (V.W.)
| | - Andreas E. Posch
- Ares Genetics GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (A.E.P.); (K.M.); (S.L.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Katharina Mrazek
- Ares Genetics GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (A.E.P.); (K.M.); (S.L.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Sarah Lepuschitz
- Ares Genetics GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (A.E.P.); (K.M.); (S.L.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Michael Ante
- Ares Genetics GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (A.E.P.); (K.M.); (S.L.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Stephan Beisken
- Ares Genetics GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (A.E.P.); (K.M.); (S.L.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (J.W.)
| | | | - Johannes Weinberger
- Ares Genetics GmbH, 1030 Vienna, Austria; (A.E.P.); (K.M.); (S.L.); (M.A.); (S.B.); (J.W.)
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22
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High-Resolution Typing of Staphylococcus epidermidis Based on Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing To Investigate the Hospital Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Clones. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.02454-20. [PMID: 33328176 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02454-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a pathogen emerging worldwide as a leading cause of health care-associated infections. A standardized high-resolution typing method to document transmission and dissemination of multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis strains is needed. Our aim was to provide a core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme for S. epidermidis to improve the international surveillance of S. epidermidis We defined a cgMLST scheme based on 699 core genes and used it to investigate the population structure of the species and the genetic relatedness of isolates recovered from infants hospitalized in several wards of a French hospital. Our results show the long-lasting endemic persistence of S. epidermidis clones within and across wards of hospitals and demonstrate the ability of our cgMLST approach to identify and track these clones. We made the scheme publicly available through the Institut Pasteur BIGSdb server (http://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/epidermidis/). This tool should enable international harmonization of the epidemiological surveillance of multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis clones. By comparing gene distribution among infection and commensal isolates, we also confirmed the association of the mecA locus with infection isolates and of the fdh gene with commensal isolates. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT03374371.).
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23
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Andersson DI, Balaban NQ, Baquero F, Courvalin P, Glaser P, Gophna U, Kishony R, Molin S, Tønjum T. Antibiotic resistance: turning evolutionary principles into clinical reality. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:171-188. [PMID: 31981358 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the major challenges facing modern medicine worldwide. The past few decades have witnessed rapid progress in our understanding of the multiple factors that affect the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance at the population level and the level of the individual patient. However, the process of translating this progress into health policy and clinical practice has been slow. Here, we attempt to consolidate current knowledge about the evolution and ecology of antibiotic resistance into a roadmap for future research as well as clinical and environmental control of antibiotic resistance. At the population level, we examine emergence, transmission and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, and at the patient level, we examine adaptation involving bacterial physiology and host resilience. Finally, we describe new approaches and technologies for improving diagnosis and treatment and minimizing the spread of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan I Andersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, BMC, Husargatan 3, 75237, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Q Balaban
- The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, Ctra. Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100 28034 - Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrice Courvalin
- French National Reference Center for Antibiotics, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Glaser
- Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, Paris, France
| | - Uri Gophna
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 121 Jack Green building, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Kishony
- Faculty of Biology, The Technion, Technion City, Haifa 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Søren Molin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 220 2800 Kgs.Lyngby, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tone Tønjum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, OUS HF Rikshospitalet Postboks 4950 Nydalen 0424 Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4950 Nydalen N-0424 Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Zalewska A, Wilson J, Kennedy S, Lockhart M, MacLeod M, Malcolm W. Epidemiological Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis in Scotland, 2014-2018. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:485-491. [PMID: 32799636 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to investigate recent national surveillance trends in Staphylococcus epidermidis antibiotic resistance in Scotland and to draw conclusions on the potential clinical and public health impact of multidrug-resistant isolates. Results: Resistance in S. epidermidis isolates to individual agents was broadly stable over the past 5 years. Isolates from sterile sites, and therefore those most likely to be associated with clinical infection, were found to be more resistant to the majority of reported agents, than isolates from nonsterile sites. Increased resistance to a number of important antibiotics was observed in rifampicin-, vancomycin-, and daptomycin-resistant isolates, suggesting limited treatment options for infections caused by these isolates. Conclusions: Although S. epidermidis resistance to individual agents has been broadly stable over the past 5 years nationally, of particular concern is the association of multidrug resistance in rifampicin-resistant isolates, which has been reported elsewhere. This has the potential to result in treatment failures in significant device-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mairi MacLeod
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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25
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Kosecka-Strojek M, Sadowy E, Gawryszewska I, Klepacka J, Tomasik T, Michalik M, Hryniewicz W, Miedzobrodzki J. Emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in the tertiary children's hospital in Cracow, Poland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:1717-1725. [PMID: 32350737 PMCID: PMC7427702 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-03893-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, ubiquitous commensals of human skin, and mucous membranes represent important pathogens for immunocompromised patients and neonates. The increasing antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus epidermidis is an emerging problem worldwide. In particular, the linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis (LRSE) strains are observed in Europe since 2014. The aim of our study was to genetically characterize 11 LRSE isolates, recovered mostly from blood in the University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Poland, between 2015 and 2017. For identification of the isolates at the species level, we used 16S rRNA sequencing and RFLP of the saoC gene. Isolates were characterized phenotypically by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods such as PFGE, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of the ica operon, and analysis of antimicrobial resistance determinants. All isolates were multidrug-resistant, including resistance to methicillin, and exhibited so-called PhLOPSA phenotype. In PFGE, all isolates (excluding one from a catheter) represented identical patterns, were identified as ST2, and harbored the ica operon, responsible for biofilm formation. Linezolid resistance was associated with acquisition of A157R mutation in the ribosomal protein L3 and the presence of cfr gene. All isolates revealed new SCCmec cassette element composition. Recently, pediatric patients with serious staphylococcal infections are often treated with linezolid. The increasing linezolid resistance in bacterial strains becomes a real threat for patients, and monitoring such infections combined with surveillance and infection prevention programs is very important to decrease number of linezolid-resistant staphylococcal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosecka-Strojek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gawryszewska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Klepacka
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Children's University Hospital, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Children's University Hospital, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Waleria Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Miedzobrodzki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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26
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Pereira VC, Romero LC, Pinheiro-Hubinger L, Oliveira A, Martins KB, Cunha MDLRDSD. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: a 20-year study on the antimicrobial resistance profile of blood culture isolates from a teaching hospital. Braz J Infect Dis 2020; 24:160-169. [PMID: 32084346 PMCID: PMC9392043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing rates of nosocomial infection associated with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the rationale for this study, aiming to categorize oxacillin-resistant CoNS species recovered from blood culture specimens of inpatients at the UNESP Hospital das Clínicas in Botucatu, Brazil, over a 20-year period, and determine their sensitivity to other antimicrobial agents. The mecA gene was detected in 222 (74%) CoNS samples, and the four types of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) were characterized in 19.4%, 3.6%, 54.5%, and 14.4% of specimens, respectively, for types I, II, III, and IV. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to inhibit 50% (MIC50) and 90% (MIC90) of specimens were, respectively, 2 and >256μL/mL for oxacillin, 1.5 and 2μL/mL for vancomycin, 0.25 and 0.5μL/mL for linezolid, 0.094 and 0.19μL/mL for daptomycin, 0.19 and 0.5μL/mL for quinupristin/dalfopristin, and 0.125 and 0.38μL/mL for tigecycline. Resistance to oxacillin and tigecycline and intermediate resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin were observed. Eight (2.7%) of all 300 CoNS specimens studied showed reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Results from this study show high resistance rates of CoNS to antimicrobial agents, reflecting the necessity of using these drugs judiciously and controlling nosocomial dissemination of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Boucatu, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; UNOESTE-Universidade Oeste Paulista, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Calixto Romero
- UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Boucatu, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiza Pinheiro-Hubinger
- UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Boucatu, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson Oliveira
- UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Boucatu, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katheryne Benini Martins
- UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Boucatu, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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27
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Molecular characteristics and predictors of mortality among Gram-positive bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections in critically ill patients during a 5-year period (2012-2016). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:863-869. [PMID: 31898796 PMCID: PMC7223776 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To identify the molecular characteristics of Gram-positive cocci isolated from blood cultures and clinical outcome among critically ill patients. This retrospective study was conducted in the general intensive care unit of the University General Hospital of Patras, Greece, during a 5-year period (2012–2016). All adult patients with a Gram-positive BSI were included. PCR was applied to identify mecA gene (staphylococci); vanA, vanB, and vanC genes (enterococci). Linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis, MRSA, and VRE were further typed by multilocus sequence typing. Mutations in region V of 23S rDNA and ribosomal protein L4were investigated by PCR and sequencing analysis. The presence of the cfr gene was tested by PCR. In total, 141 Gram-positive BSIs were included. Coagulase-negative staphylococci predominated (n = 69; 65 methicillin-resistant, 23 linezolid-resistant carrying both C2534T and T2504A mutations and belonging to the ST22 clone), followed by enterococci (n = 46; 11 vancomycin-resistant carrying vanA gene, classified into four clones), S. aureus (n = 22; 10 methicillin-resistant, classified into three clones) and streptococci (n = 4). The most common type of infection was catheter-related (66; 46.8%), followed by primary BSI (28; 19.9%). Overall 14-day fatality was 24.8%. Multivariate analysis revealed septic shock as independent predictor of fatality, while appropriate empiric antimicrobial treatment and catheter-related BSI were identified as a predictor of good prognosis. Even though most of Gram-positive cocci were multidrug-resistant, fatality rate was low, associated with catheter-related BSIs. Among CNS, LR isolates represented one-third of BSIs due to the dissemination of ST22 S. epidermidis propagated by utilization of linezolid.
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Deroche L, Bémer P, Valentin AS, Jolivet-Gougeon A, Tandé D, Héry-Arnaud G, Lemarié C, Kempf M, Bret L, Burucoa C, Corvec S, Plouzeau C. The Right Time to Safely Re-Evaluate Empirical Antimicrobial Treatment of Hip or Knee Prosthetic Joint Infections. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122113. [PMID: 31810267 PMCID: PMC6947470 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, no guideline provides recommendations on the duration of empirical antimicrobial treatment (EAT) in prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aim of our study was to describe the time to growth of bacteria involved in PJI, rendering possible decreased duration of EAT. Based on a French multicentre prospective cohort study, culture data from patients with confirmed hip or knee PJI were analysed. For each patient, five samples were processed. Time to positivity was defined as the first positive medium in at least one sample for virulent pathogens and as the first positive medium in at least two samples for commensals. Definitive diagnosis of polymicrobial infections was considered the day the last bacteria were identified. Among the 183 PJIs, including 28 polymicrobial infections, microbiological diagnosis was carried out between Day 1 (D1) and D5 for 96.7% of cases. There was no difference in the average time to positivity between acute and chronic PJI (p = 0.8871). Microbiological diagnosis was given earlier for monomicrobial than for polymicrobial infections (p = 0.0034). When an optimized culture of peroperative samples was carried out, almost all cases of PJI were diagnosed within five days, including polymicrobial infections. EAT can be re-evaluated at D5 according to microbiological documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Deroche
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers Universiy, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (C.B.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Pascale Bémer
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes University, F-44000 Nantes, France; (P.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Anne-Sophie Valentin
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours University, F-37000 Tours, France;
| | - Anne Jolivet-Gougeon
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, University Hospital of Rennes, NUMECAN Institute (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Didier Tandé
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, F-29000 Brest, France; (D.T.); (G.H.-A.)
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Brest, Brest University, F-29000 Brest, France; (D.T.); (G.H.-A.)
| | - Carole Lemarié
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers University, F-49000 Angers, France; (C.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Marie Kempf
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Angers, Angers University, F-49000 Angers, France; (C.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Laurent Bret
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, Hospital of Orléans, F-45000 Orléans, France;
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers Universiy, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (C.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Stéphane Corvec
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes University, F-44000 Nantes, France; (P.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Chloé Plouzeau
- Bacteriology-Hospital Hygiene Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers Universiy, F-86000 Poitiers, France; (C.B.); (C.P.)
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29
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Kramer TS, Schwab F, Behnke M, Hansen S, Gastmeier P, Aghdassi SJS. Linezolid use in German acute care hospitals: results from two consecutive national point prevalence surveys. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:159. [PMID: 31649816 PMCID: PMC6805522 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Linezolid belongs to a reserve group of antibiotics. In recent years, reports on linezolid resistance in gram-positive cocci have become more frequent. Overuse of linezolid is a relevant factor for resistance development. The objective of this study was to describe current prescription practices of linezolid in German hospitals and identify targets for antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Methods We analyzed all linezolid prescriptions from the datasets of the consecutive national point prevalence surveys performed in German hospitals in 2011 and 2016. In both surveys, data on healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use were collected following the methodology of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Results Overall, the percentage of linezolid among all documented antimicrobials increased significantly from 2011 to 2016 (p < 0.01). In 2011, 0.3% (119 of 41,539) patients received linezolid, in 2016 this proportion was significantly higher (0.4%; 255 of 64,412 patients; p < 0.01). In 2016, intensive care units (ICUs) were the wards most frequently prescribing linezolid. The largest proportion of patients receiving linezolid were non-ICU patients. Roughly 38% of linezolid prescriptions were for treatment of skin/soft tissue and respiratory tract infections. In 2016, linezolid was administered parenterally in 70% (n = 179) of cases. Multivariable analysis showed that the ward specialty ICU posed an independent risk factor, while Northern and Southwestern regions in Germany were independent protective factors for a high rate of linezolid prescriptions. Conclusions In conclusion, we detected potentials for improving linezolid prescription practices in German hospitals. Given the emergence of linezolid resistance, optimization of linezolid use must be a target of future antimicrobial stewardship activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Siegfried Kramer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Schwab
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Behnke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Hansen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Gastmeier
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seven Johannes Sam Aghdassi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Rodríguez-Lucas C, Rodicio MR, Càmara J, Domínguez MÁ, Alaguero M, Fernández J. Long-term endemic situation caused by a linezolid- and meticillin-resistant clone of Staphylococcus epidermidis in a tertiary hospital. J Hosp Infect 2019; 105:64-69. [PMID: 31634538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linezolid (LZD)-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE) are increasing, and are mainly associated with outbreaks in hospital wards with high LZD consumption. AIM To investigate the frequency of LRSE in a tertiary hospital in the context of LZD use. METHODS The frequency of LRSE and the data on LZD usage [expressed as defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 patient-days], from 2011 to 2017, were analysed retrospectively. Selected LRSE were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and screened for transferable LZD resistance genes. Representative isolates were typed by multi-locus sequence typing, and ribosomal mechanisms of LZD resistance were investigated. FINDINGS In total, 435 LRSE were detected, with frequencies ranging from 13.56% to 32.93% in the intensive care unit (ICU) where LZD consumption was high (6.34-8.10 DDDs), and from 2.48 to 6.80% in the remaining wards where LZD use was considerably lower (0.63-2.49 DDDs). The first 44 LRSE isolates recovered (June 2013-June 2014) were closely related according to PFGE patterns, and all except one were resistant to meticillin due to mecA production. Selected isolates belonged to ST2, carried SCCmec III, and had the G2576T mutation in the V domain of each of the six copies of the 23S rRNA gene. Five of the 44 isolates (11.36%) were positive for the cfr gene. CONCLUSION An ST2 LZD- and meticillin-resistant clone was found in the ICU and also in wards with low consumption of LZD. This highlights the need to implement and maintain infection control measures as well as antimicrobial stewardship programmes in all hospital units in order to preserve the efficacy of LZD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodríguez-Lucas
- Unidad de Microbiología, Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M R Rodicio
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Càmara
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain
| | - M Á Domínguez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Alaguero
- Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.
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31
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Deroche L, Plouzeau C, Bémer P, Tandé D, Valentin AS, Jolivet-Gougeon A, Lemarié C, Bret L, Kempf M, Héry-Arnaud G, Corvec S, Burucoa C, Arvieux C, Bernard L. Probabilistic chemotherapy in knee and hip replacement infection: the place of linezolid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1659-1663. [PMID: 31203474 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) can occur with a wide range of microorganisms and clinical features. After replacement surgery of prosthetic joint, prescription of probabilistic broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy is usual, while awaiting microbial culture results. The aim of our study was to describe the antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from hip and knee PJI. The data were collected to determine the best alternative to the usual combination of piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) or cefotaxime (CTX) and vancomycin (VAN). Based on a French prospective, multicenter study, we analyzed microbiological susceptibility to antibiotics of 183 strains isolated from patients with confirmed hip or knee PJI. In vitro susceptibility was evaluated: TZP+VAN, TZP+linezolid (LZD), CTX+VAN, and CTX+LZD. We also analyzed resistance to different antibiotics commonly used as oral alternatives. Among the 183 patients with PJI, 62 (34%) had a total knee prosthesis, and 121 (66%) a hip prosthesis. The main identified bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (32.2% of isolates), coagulase-negative staphylococci (27.3%), Enterobacteriaceae (14.2%), and Streptococcus (13.7%). Infections were polymicrobial for 28 (15.3%) patients. All combinations were highly effective: CTX+VAN, CTX+LZD, TZP+VAN, and TZP+LZD (93.4%, 94%, 98.4%, and 98.9% of all cases respectively). Use of LZD instead of VAN in combination with a broad-spectrum beta-lactam covers almost all of the bacteria isolated in PJI. This association should be considered in probabilistic chemotherapy, as it is particularly easy to use (oral administration and no vancomycin monitoring).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Deroche
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Chloé Plouzeau
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pascale Bémer
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Didier Tandé
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | | | | | - Carole Lemarié
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Laurent Bret
- Department of Bacteriology, Hospital of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Marie Kempf
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Stéphane Corvec
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- Department of Bacteriology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Cédric Arvieux
- Infectious Diseases Division, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Louis Bernard
- Infectious Diseases Division, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France.
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32
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Li X, Arias CA, Aitken SL, Galloway Peña J, Panesso D, Chang M, Diaz L, Rios R, Numan Y, Ghaoui S, DebRoy S, Bhatti MM, Simmons DE, Raad I, Hachem R, Folan SA, Sahasarabhojane P, Kalia A, Shelburne SA. Clonal Emergence of Invasive Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Deconvoluted via a Combination of Whole-Genome Sequencing and Microbiome Analyses. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:398-406. [PMID: 29546356 PMCID: PMC6051468 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathobionts, bacteria that are typically human commensals but can cause disease, contribute significantly to antimicrobial resistance. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a prototypical pathobiont as it is a ubiquitous human commensal but also a leading cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia. We sought to determine the etiology of a recent increase in invasive S. epidermidis isolates resistant to linezolid. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 176 S. epidermidis bloodstream isolates collected at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, between 2013 and 2016. Molecular relationships were assessed via complementary phylogenomic approaches. Abundance of the linezolid resistance determinant cfr was determined in stool samples via reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Thirty-nine of the 176 strains were linezolid resistant (22%). Thirty-one of the 39 linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis infections were caused by a particular clone resistant to multiple antimicrobials that spread among leukemia patients and carried cfr on a 49-kb plasmid (herein called pMB151a). The 6 kb of pMB151a surrounding the cfr gene was nearly 100% identical to a cfr-containing plasmid isolated from livestock-associated staphylococci in China. Analysis of serial stool samples from leukemia patients revealed progressive staphylococcal domination of the intestinal microflora and an increase in cfr abundance following linezolid use. Conclusions The combination of linezolid use plus transmission of a multidrug-resistant clone drove expansion of invasive, linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis. Our results lend support to the notion that a combination of antibiotic stewardship plus infection control measures may help to control the spread of a multidrug-resistant pathobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqi Li
- Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Bogota, Colombia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Bogota, Colombia
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit and International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Samuel L Aitken
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Jessica Galloway Peña
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Diana Panesso
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Michael Chang
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Lorena Diaz
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit and International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Rafael Rios
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit and International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yazan Numan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Sammi Ghaoui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Sruti DebRoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Micah M Bhatti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Dawn E Simmons
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Isaam Raad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ray Hachem
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Stephanie A Folan
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | - Awdhesh Kalia
- Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Samuel A Shelburne
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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33
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Folan SA, Marx KR, Tverdek FP, Raad I, Mulanovich VE, Tarrand JJ, Shelburne SA, Aitken SL. Clinical Outcomes Associated With Linezolid Resistance in Leukemia Patients With Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacteremia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy167. [PMID: 30090838 PMCID: PMC6061807 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, are the most common cause of bloodstream infection in cancer patients. Linezolid resistance is increasingly identified in S. epidermidis, but whether such resistance alters the clinical course of S. epidermidis infections is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical impact of linezolid resistance in leukemia patients with S. epidermidis bloodstream infection. Methods This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study of all adult leukemia patients with S. epidermidis bacteremia treated with empiric linezolid between 2012 and 2015. The primary end point was adverse clinical outcome on day 3, defined as a composite of persistent bacteremia, fever, intensive care unit admission, or death. Fourteen- and 30-day mortality were also assessed. Results Eighty-two unique leukemia patients with S. epidermidis were identified. Linezolid resistance was identified in 33/82 (40%). Patients with linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis were significantly more likely to have persistent bacteremia (41% vs 7%; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 5.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–16.30; P = .005); however, adverse short-term clinical outcomes overall were not more common among patients with linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis (61% vs 33%; aRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.92–2.32; P = .108). No differences were observed in 14- or 30-day mortality. Conclusions Leukemia patients with linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis bacteremia who were treated with linezolid were significantly more likely to have persistent bacteremia compared with those with linezolid-sensitive isolates. Interventions to limit the clinical impact of linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Folan
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kayleigh R Marx
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Frank P Tverdek
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Issam Raad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Victor E Mulanovich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey J Tarrand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samuel A Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Samuel L Aitken
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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34
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Dissemination ofStaphylococcus epidermidisST22 With Stable, High-Level Resistance to Linezolid and Tedizolid in the Greek-Turkish Region (2008–2016). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39:492-494. [DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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