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Das S, Chaudhari AK. Encapsulation of Apium graveolens essential oil into chitosan nanobiopolymer for protection of stored rice against Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisins contamination. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29954. [PMID: 38694117 PMCID: PMC11061702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The present investigation entails the encapsulation of Apium graveolens essential oil into chitosan nanobiopolymer (AGEO-Ne) and assessment of its efficacy against Fusarium verticillioides contamination and fumonisins biosynthesis in stored rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples. The AGEO was encapsulated through ionic gelation process and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The AGEO exhibited bi-phasic delivery pattern from chitosan matrix. The AGEO caused complete inhibition of F. verticillioides growth at 1.2 μL/mL, while fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) biosynthesis at 1.2 and 1.0 μL/mL, respectively. On the other hand, nanoencapsulated AGEO (AGEO-Ne) exhibited improved efficacy, caused complete inhibition of fungal growth at 0.8 μL/mL, and FB1 and FB2 production at 0.8 and 0.6 μL/mL, respectively. AGEO-Ne caused 100 % inhibition of ergosterol synthesis at 0.8 μL/mL and exhibited greater efflux of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ ions (18.99, 21.63, and 25.38 mg/L) as well as 260 and 280 nm absorbing materials from exposed fungal cells. The in silico interaction of granyl acetate and linalyl acetate with FUM 21 protein validated the molecular mechanism for inhibition of FB1 and FB2 biosynthesis. Further, improvement in antioxidant activity of AGEO-Ne was observed after encapsulation with IC50 values of 12.08 and 6.40 μL/mL against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. During in situ investigation, AGEO caused 82.09 and 86.32 % protection of rice against F. verticillioides contamination in inoculated and uninoculated rice samples, respectively, while AGEO-Ne exhibited 100 % protection of fumigated rice samples against F. verticillioides proliferation as well as FB1 and FB2 contamination. The AGEO-Ne also caused better retardation of lipid peroxidation (41.35 and 37.52 μM/g FW malondialdehyde in inoculated and uninoculated treatment) and acceptable organoleptic properties in rice samples, which strengthen its application as plant based novel preservative in food and agricultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Das
- Department of Botany, Burdwan Raj College, Purba Bardhaman, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Anand Kumar Chaudhari
- Department of Botany, Rajkiya Mahila Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh, 233001, India
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Josselin L, Proctor RH, Lippolis V, Cervellieri S, Hoylaerts J, De Clerck C, Fauconnier ML, Moretti A. Does alteration of fumonisin production in Fusarium verticillioides lead to volatolome variation? Food Chem 2024; 438:138004. [PMID: 37983995 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides, a major fungal pathogen of maize, produces fumonisins, mycotoxins of global food safety concern. Control practices are needed to reduce the negative health and economic impacts of fumonisins. Therefore, we investigated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by fumonisin-producing (wild-type) and nonproducing (mutant) strains of F. verticillioides. VOC emissions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following inoculation of maize kernels, and fumonisin accumulation was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mutants emitted VOCs, including ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, that the wild type did not emit. In particular, ANOVA analysis showed significant differences between mutants and wild type for 4 VOCs which emission was correlated with absence of fumonisins. Exogenous ethyl 3-methylbutanoate reduced growth and fumonisin production in wild-type F. verticillioides, showing its potential in biocontrol. Together, our findings offer valuable insights into how mycotoxin production can impact VOC emissions from F. verticillioides and reveal a potential biocontrol strategy to reduce fumonisin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Josselin
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Robert H Proctor
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St. Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
| | - Vincenzo Lippolis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cervellieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Jeffrey Hoylaerts
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Caroline De Clerck
- AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Yazid SNE, Tajudin NI, Razman NAA, Selamat J, Ismail SI, Sanny M, Samsudin NIP. Mycotoxigenic fungal growth inhibition and multi-mycotoxin reduction of potential biological control agents indigenous to grain maize. Mycotoxin Res 2023:10.1007/s12550-023-00484-4. [PMID: 37219742 PMCID: PMC10204017 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigated the potential of fungal species from grain maize farms in Malaysia as antagonists against the indigenous mycotoxigenic fungal species and their subsequent mycotoxin production. Dual-culture assay was conducted on grain maize agar (GMA) with 12 strains of potential fungal antagonists namely Bjerkandra adusta, Penicillium janthinellum, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes cubensis, Trichoderma asperelloides, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma yunnanense against seven mycotoxigenic strains namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium verticillioides, and Fusarium proliferatum producing aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and fumonisins, respectively. Based on fungal growth inhibition, Trichoderma spp. showed the highest inhibitory activity (73-100% PIRG, Percentage Inhibition of Radial Growth; 28/0 ID, Index of Dominance) against the tested mycotoxigenic strains. Besides, B. adusta and Tra. cubensis showed inhibitory activity against some of the tested mycotoxigenic strains. All fungal antagonists showed varying degrees of mycotoxin reduction. Aflatoxin B1 produced by A. flavus was mainly reduced by P. janthinellum, Tra. cubensis, and B. adusta to 0 ng/g. Ochratoxin A produced by A. niger was mainly reduced by Tri. harzianum and Tri. asperellum to 0 ng/g. Fumonisin B1 and FB2 produced by F. verticillioides was mainly reduced by Tri. harzianum, Tri. asperelloides, and Tri. asperellum to 59.4 and 0 µg/g, respectively. Fumonisin B1 and FB2 produced by F. proliferatum were mainly reduced by Tri. asperelloides and Tri. harzianum to 244.2 and 0 µg/g, respectively. This is the first study that reports on the efficacy of Tri. asperelloides against FB1, FB2, and OTA, P. janthinellum against AFB1, and Tra. cubensis against AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Ezzati Yazid
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzah Tajudin
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aina Aribah Razman
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Izera Ismail
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maimunah Sanny
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Gao Z, Luo K, Zhu Q, Peng J, Liu C, Wang X, Li S, Zhang H. The natural occurrence, toxicity mechanisms and management strategies of Fumonisin B1:A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121065. [PMID: 36639041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) contaminates various crops, causing huge losses to agriculture and livestock worldwide. This review summarizes the occurrence regularity, toxicity, toxic mechanisms and management strategies of FB1. Specifically, FB1 contamination is particularly serious in developing countries, humid and hot regions. FB1 exposure can produce different toxic effects on the nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system and reproductive system. Furthermore, FB1 can also cause systemic immunotoxicity. The mechanism of toxic effects of FB1 is to interfere with the normal pathway of sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis by acting as a competitive inhibitor of ceramide synthase. Meanwhile, the toxic products of sphingolipid metabolic disorders can cause oxidative stress and apoptosis. FB1 also often causes feed contamination by mixing with other mycotoxins, and then exerts combined toxicity. For detection, lateral flow dipstick technology and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay are widely used in the detection of FB1 in commercial feeds, while mainstream detection methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are widely used in the laboratory theoretical study of FB1. For purification means of FB1, some natural plant extracts (such as Zingiber officinale and Litsea Cubeba essential oil) and their active compounds have been proved to inhibit the toxic effects of FB1 and protect livestock due to their antifungal and antioxidant effects. Natural plant extract has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and no contamination residue. This review can provide information for comprehensive understanding of FB1, and provide reference for formulating reasonable treatment and management strategies in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangxin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Pascale M, Logrieco AF, Lippolis V, De Girolamo A, Cervellieri S, Lattanzio VMT, Ciasca B, Vega A, Reichel M, Graeber M, Slettengren K. Industrial-Scale Cleaning Solutions for the Reduction of Fusarium Toxins in Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110728. [PMID: 36355978 PMCID: PMC9695466 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain cleaning is the most effective non-destructive post-harvest mitigation strategy to reduce high levels of mycotoxins on account of the removal of mold-infected grains and grain fractions with high mycotoxin content. In this study, the reduction in the concentration of some co-occurring Fusarium toxins in maize, namely deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisins B1 and B2 (FBs), was evaluated at an industrial-scale level by mechanical removal (sieving and density separation) of dust, coarse, small, broken, shriveled and low-density kernels and/or optical sorting of defected kernels. Samples were dynamically collected according to the Commission Regulation No. 401/2006 along the entire process line. Mycotoxin analyses of water-slurry aggregate samples were performed by validated LC methods. Depending on the contamination levels in raw incoming maize, the overall reduction rates ranged from 36 to 67% for DON, from 67 to 87% for ZEA and from 27 to 67% for FBs. High levels of DON, ZEA and FBs were found in all rejected fractions with values, respectively, up to 3030%, 1510% and 2680%, compared to their content in uncleaned maize. Results showed that grain cleaning equipment based on mechanical and or optical sorting technologies can provide a significant reduction in Fusarium toxin contamination in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Pascale
- Institute of Food Sciences (ISA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 83100 Avellino, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (K.S.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lippolis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Girolamo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cervellieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Veronica M. T. Lattanzio
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Ciasca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
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Measurement of Fumonisins in Maize Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080523. [PMID: 36006185 PMCID: PMC9412256 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins that routinely contaminate maize. Their presence is monitored at multiple stages from harvest to final product. Immunoassays are routinely used to screen commodities in the field while laboratory-based methods, such as mass spectrometry (MS), are used for confirmation. The use of a portable mass spectrometer unlocks the potential to conduct confirmatory analyses outside of traditional laboratories. Herein, a portable mass spectrometer was used to measure fumonisins in maize. Samples were extracted with aqueous methanol, cleaned up on an immunoaffinity column, and tested with the portable MS. The limits of detection were 0.15, 0.19, and 0.28 mg/kg maize for fumonisins B1 (FB1), FB2/FB3, and total fumonisins, respectively. The corresponding limits of quantitation in maize were 0.33, 0.59, and 0.74 mg/kg. Recoveries ranged from 93.6% to 108.6%. However, RSDs ranged from 12.0 to 29.8%. The method was applied to the detection of fumonisins in 64 samples of maize collected as part of the Illinois Department of Agriculture’s monitoring program. Good correlations were observed between the portable MS and a laboratory-based LC-MS method (r2 from 0.9132 to 0.9481). Results suggest the portable MS can be applied to the measurement of fumonisins in maize at levels relevant to international regulations.
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Detection of fumonisin B1 by aptamer-functionalized magnetic beads and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Eslamizad S, Yazdanpanah H, Hadian Z, Tsitsimpikou C, Goumenou M, Shojaee AliAbadi MH, Kamalabadi M, Tsatsakis A. Exposure to multiple mycotoxins in domestic and imported rice commercially traded in Tehran and possible risk to public health. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1856-1864. [PMID: 34820291 PMCID: PMC8599926 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary fungi metabolites that induce acute and chronic toxic effects in humans and animals. In the present study, nine mycotoxins including aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), fumonisins (FB1 and FB2), Ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) were determined in one hundred rice samples collected from Tehran using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence or photodiode array detector. In addition, possible risk to public health was investigated by assessing dietary exposure through rice consumption, the margin of exposure (MOE), respective risk of cancer and hazard index (HI) of the monitored mycotoxins in children and adults. The higher mean levels were determined for DON (102.22 μg.Kg-1), followed by FB1 (85.00 μg.Kg-1). For the rests of mycotoxins the levels did not exceed 20 μg.Kg-1. The estimated AFB1 intake for the adults and children through rice consumption exceeds the safe levels established for both carriers and non-carriers of hepatitis B virus. The mean and median determined exposure levels of OTA, DON ZEN and FB1, were found lower than the Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake (PMTDI) value for both adults and children of Tehran that consuming domestic and imported rice. The mean HI for adults and median HI for adults and children were below one, and mean HI for children was close to one. All the mean, median and maximum MoE values were <10,000 in adults and children, indicating a risk due to AFB1 exposure through rice consumption in Tehran. In addition, the calculated mean cancer risk in adult and child populations of Tehran were 0.27 and 0.64 cases per year per 105 individuals, respectively, that shows population in Tehran could be at risk of cancer due to AFB1 exposure through rice consumption as calculated. So further studies are necessary for the monitoring mycotoxins in rice and different food products as well as estimating average dietary exposure and cumulative exposure assessment of mycotoxins for main foods in IR Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Eslamizad
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Hadian
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Farahzadi Blv. West Hafezi, No 7. P. O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Marina Goumenou
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Mahdie Kamalabadi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Reis T, Oliveira T, Zorzete P, Faria P, Corrêa B. A non-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain prevents the spreading of Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisins in maize. Toxicon 2020; 181:6-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kirimker SE, Turksoy S, Kabak B. Assessment of dietary exposure to deoxynivalenol and fumonisin in the population of infants and toddlers in Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 140:111304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Ferrara M, Haidukowski M, Logrieco AF, Leslie JF, Mulè G. A CRISPR-Cas9 System for Genome Editing of Fusarium proliferatum. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19836. [PMID: 31882627 PMCID: PMC6934662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum causes diverse diseases of many economically important plants. The fungus produces several mycotoxins of which the fumonisins are the most toxic. Currently, deletion of key genes for mycotoxin biosynthesis is a laborious and time-consuming procedure. We developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing tool for the direct delivery of preassembled Cas9 ribonucleoproteins into protoplasts of F. proliferatum. Our CRISPR–Cas9 system couples a site-specific double-strand DNA break mediated by two Cas9 ribonucleoproteins with microhomology recombination requiring only 50-bp regions flanking the target gene. This system reduces the risk of off-target mutations and minimizes the risk of altering any gene adjacent to the target region. We used this tool to delete a polyketide synthase gene (FUM1) required for fumonisin biosynthesis. The mutants generated are no longer able to produce fumonisins, confirming the key role of FUM1 in fumonisin biosynthesis. Our CRISPR-Cas9 system is an important new tool for genetic studies of Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ferrara
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy.
| | - Miriam Haidukowski
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - John F Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Giuseppina Mulè
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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Determination of Fumonisin B1 in maize using molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles-based assay. Food Chem 2019; 298:125044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Ferranti LDS, Fungaro MHP, Massi FP, Silva JJD, Penha RES, Frisvad JC, Taniwaki MH, Iamanaka BT. Diversity of Aspergillus section Nigri on the surface of Vitis labrusca and its hybrid grapes. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 268:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mauro A, Garcia-Cela E, Pietri A, Cotty PJ, Battilani P. Biological Control Products for Aflatoxin Prevention in Italy: Commercial Field Evaluation of Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Active Ingredients. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E30. [PMID: 29304008 PMCID: PMC5793117 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2003, non-compliant aflatoxin concentrations have been detected in maize produced in Italy. The most successful worldwide experiments in aflatoxin prevention resulted from distribution of atoxigenic strains of Aspergillusflavus to displace aflatoxin-producers during crop development. The displacement results in lower aflatoxin concentrations in harvested grain. The current study evaluated in field performances of two atoxigenic strains of A. flavus endemic to Italy in artificially inoculated maize ears and in naturally contaminated maize. Co-inoculation of atoxigenic strains with aflatoxin producers resulted in highly significant reductions in aflatoxin concentrations (>90%) in both years only with atoxigenic strain A2085. The average percent reduction in aflatoxin B₁ concentration in naturally contaminated maize fields was 92.3%, without significant differences in fumonisins between treated and control maize. The vegetative compatibility group of A2085 was the most frequently recovered A. flavus in both treated and control plots (average 61.9% and 53.5% of the A. flavus, respectively). A2085 was therefore selected as an active ingredient for biocontrol products and deposited under provisions of the Budapest Treaty in the Belgian Co-Ordinated Collections of Micro-Organisms (BCCM/MUCL) collection (accession MUCL54911). Further work on development of A2085 as a tool for preventing aflatoxin contamination in maize produced in Italy is ongoing with the commercial product named AF-X1™.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mauro
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, P.O. Box 34441 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Esther Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Amedeo Pietri
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Peter J Cotty
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
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Ferranti LS, Correa B, Fungaro MHP, Iamanaka BT, Massi FP, Phippen CBW, Frisvad JC, Taniwaki MH. Occurrence and fumonisin B2 producing potential of Aspergillus section Nigri in Brazil nuts. Mycotoxin Res 2016; 33:49-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-016-0262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaltner F, Rampl C, Rychlik M, Zimmermann T, Rohe A. Development and Validation of a Cost-Effective HPLC-FLD Method for Routine Analysis of Fumonisins B1 and B2 in Corn and Corn Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Samsudin N, Magan N. Efficacy of potential biocontrol agents for control of Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin B1 under different environmental conditions. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A mycotoxigenic strain of Fusarium verticillioides previously isolated from Malaysian maize kernels and identified morphologically and molecularly was used in the present work. The objectives were (1) to screen the competitiveness of three potential antagonists isolated from Malaysian maize and three other known candidates for control of growth of F. verticillioides in vitro based on interaction scores, growth rates and hyphal area of F. verticillioides, and (2) to examine the best candidates using different spore/cell ratios on milled maize agar at different water activity conditions on relative control of fumonisin B1 (FB1). Three fungi and three bacteria (BCAs 1-6) were examined for antagonistic effects against F. verticillioides in dual-culture assays. These showed that all fungal candidates intermingled with F. verticillioides while all bacterial candidates inhibited F. verticillioides on contact or at a distance, which in turn decreased the growth rates and hyphal area of F. verticillioides significantly. Although BCA1 (Clonostachys rosea 016) did not inhibit growth or hyphal area of F. verticillioides, it was included in FB1 inhibition studies with other bacterial candidates (BCA4, Streptomyces sp. AS1; BCA5, Gram-negative rod; BCA6, Enterobacter hormaechei) because of its established mycoparasitism. The FB1 inhibition studies were conducted on milled maize agar with different spore/cell ratios of pathogen:antagonist mixtures at 0.95/0.98 water activity (aw) and 25 °C for 14 days. FB1 biosynthesis for all treatments was significantly higher at 0.95 than 0.98 aw. Of the four antagonists tested, the best was BCA1 which inhibited FB1 biosynthesis by 73 and 100% at 0.95 and 0.98 aw, respectively. BCA5 was the next best, resulting in 38 and 78% FB1 inhibition at 0.95 and 0.98 aw, respectively. The pathogen:antagonist ratios for BCA1 and BCA5 showed best results at 50:50 and 25:75. These results were discussed in context of using biocontrol agents to minimise fumonisins in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.I.P. Samsudin
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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Massi FP, Sartori D, de Souza Ferranti L, Iamanaka BT, Taniwaki MH, Vieira MLC, Fungaro MHP. Prospecting for the incidence of genes involved in ochratoxin and fumonisin biosynthesis in Brazilian strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus welwitschiae. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 221:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Rocha LO, Barroso VM, Andrade LJ, Pereira GHA, Ferreira-Castro FL, Duarte AP, Michelotto MD, Correa B. FUM Gene Expression Profile and Fumonisin Production by Fusarium verticillioides Inoculated in Bt and Non-Bt Maize. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1503. [PMID: 26779158 PMCID: PMC4701941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the levels of fumonisins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and FUM gene expression on Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) and non-Bt maize, post harvest, during different periods of incubation. Transgenic hybrids 30F35 YG, 2B710 Hx and their isogenic (30F35 and 2B710) were collected from the field and a subset of 30 samples selected for the experiments. Maize samples were sterilized by gamma radiation at a dose of 20 kGy. Samples were then inoculated with F. verticillioides and analyzed under controlled conditions of temperature and relative humidity for fumonisin B1 and B2 (FB1 and FB2) production and FUM1, FUM3, FUM6, FUM7, FUM8, FUM13, FUM14, FUM15, and FUM19 expression. 2B710 Hx and 30F35 YG kernel samples were virtually intact when compared to the non-Bt hybrids that came from the field. Statistical analysis showed that FB1 production was significantly lower in 30F35 YG and 2B710 Hx than in the 30F35 and 2B710 hybrids (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference for FB2 production (P > 0.05). The kernel injuries observed in the non-Bt samples have possibly facilitated F. verticillioides penetration and promoted FB1 production under controlled conditions. FUM genes were expressed by F. verticillioides in all of the samples. However, there was indication of lower expression of a few FUM genes in the Bt hybrids; and a weak association between FB1 production and the relative expression of some of the FUM genes were observed in the 30F35 YG hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana O. Rocha
- Laboratório de Micotoxinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius M. Barroso
- Laboratório de Micotoxinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmila J. Andrade
- Laboratório de Micotoxinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H. A. Pereira
- Departamento de Estatística, Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São CarlosSão Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fabiane L. Ferreira-Castro
- Laboratório de Micotoxinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aildson P. Duarte
- Centro de Grãos e Fibras, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA)Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Correa
- Laboratório de Micotoxinas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Bertuzzi T, Mulazzi A, Rastelli S, Pietri A. Hidden Fumonisins: Simple and Innovative Extractions for Their Determination in Maize and Derived Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Haerr K, Lopes N, Pereira M, Fellows G, Cardoso F. Corn silage from corn treated with foliar fungicide and performance of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:8962-72. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jakšić S, Živkov-Baloš M, Mihaljev Ž, Mašić Z, Jajić I, Banić N, Abramović B. Extraction without Organic Solvents in the Determination of Fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 in Maize by HPLC–FLD and ELISA Tests. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Phoku JZ, Dutton MF, Barnard TG, Potgieter N. Use of a bio-wipe kit to detect fumonisin B₁ in faecal materials. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1760-8. [PMID: 25167365 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.957248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium toxins with reference to fumonisin B1 (FB1) have long been regarded as contaminants of maize and maize-based related products. However, when consumed they can cause intoxication, especially in humans. Therefore, effective quantitative methods for assessing the dietary exposure of this toxic fungal metabolite are required. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect on the use of a bio-wipe kit, which is a faecal material collection kit, to detect the presence of FB1. Faecal materials were collected from a rural farming community in Gauteng Province, South Africa. In total, 200 samples of faecal material were analysed for Fusarium species using a serial dilution method, while FB1 was further analysed and quantified by reversed-phase TLC and HPLC. The study showed the presence of 11 different Fusarium species grown on potato dextrose agar culture medium of which F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum, producers of FB1, and F. oxysporum were the dominant species. Fumonisin B1 was recorded at an incidence rate of 65% of the total using TLC. Results from HPLC showed that 84% were positive at different ranges of concentration for FB1. This study supports the use of a bio-wipe as a rapid method to determine human exposure to FB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Phoku
- a Food, Environment and Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein , South Africa
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Zou L, Xu Y, Li Y, He Q, Chen B, Wang D. Development of a single-chain variable fragment antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of fumonisin B₁ in corn samples. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1865-1871. [PMID: 24375282 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumonisin B1 (FB1 ) is a cancer-promoting mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species and one of the major food-borne toxins in corn and corn products. The objective of this study was to produce a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody for determination of FB1 in corn samples. RESULTS Anti-FB1 monoclonal antibodies were obtained via the hybridoma technique. Specific heavy- and light-chain variable fragments were amplified with degenerate primers and constructed into scFv antibody fragments by splice overlap extension polymerase chain reaction with linker sequences. The resulting scFv DNA fragments were cloned into the phagemid pHEN1for selection and identification of functional scFv fragment by phage display. Prokaryotic expression vector pET22b-scFv was constructed to prepare anti-FB1 scFv antibody for establishment of indirect competitive ELISA. The detection capability (CCβ) of the scFv-based ELISA was 15.00 µg kg(-1), and the limit of detection was 8.32 µg kg(-1). The recoveries and coefficients of variation were 86.74-107.34% and 9.72-14.03%, respectively. In addition, the determined results of 30 naturally contaminated corn samples by the scFv-based ELISA are in agreement with the findings of high-performance liquid chromatography (R(2) = 0.97). CONCLUSION This scFv-based ELISA could be used as an efficient screening method for routine monitoring the residues FB1 in corn samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, China
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Natural occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in wheat from Jiangsu province, China. Food Chem 2014; 157:393-7. [PMID: 24679796 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A three-year (2010-2012) survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in wheat from several regions of Jiangsu province, China, which are heavily impacted by Fusarium head blight. A total of 180 wheat samples were obtained from the infected fields that spread 21 counties. DON and ZEN levels were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). DON was found in 74.4% of samples at levels ranging from 14.52 to 41157.13 μg/kg (mean 488.02 μg/kg), while ZEN was found in 12.8% of samples at levels ranging from 10.13 to 3048.88 μg/kg (mean 73.04 μg/kg). In years and regions of higher rainfall, DON and ZEN levels were higher in samples. These results are necessary to take a vigilant attitude to prevent human intake of trichothecenes and protect human's health from the risk of exposure to these toxins.
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Seo DG, Phat C, Kim DH, Lee C. Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxin fumonisin B1 and B2 in animal feeds in Korea. Mycotoxin Res 2013; 29:159-67. [PMID: 23807416 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-013-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to monitor the occurrence and levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) in animal feeds distributed in South Korea in 2011. The contamination levels of FB1 and FB2 were investigated in 150 samples of compound feeds and in 40 samples of feed ingredients. The contamination rate of feed ingredients with FB1 and FB2 was 50 and 40%, respectively. FB2 was only found in samples contaminated with FB1. Of the compound feeds, 85% were contaminated by FB1 and 47% were contaminated by FB2. The highest contamination rate of FBs was observed in compound feeds for cattle (FB1: 100%; FB2: 80%), followed by poultry feed (FB1: 78%; FB2: 40%) and swine feed (FB1: 76%; FB2: 22%). The highest contamination level (14,600 ng/g) for FB1 were found in poultry broiler feed (early feeding period) samples, which had 82% contamination rate (9/11), and the highest level of FB2 (2,280 ng/g) was found in feed for fatting calves,which had a contamination rate of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Geun Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Xu Y, He QH, He ZY, Xiong ZP. Application of mimotope peptides of fumonisin b1 in Peptide ELISA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4765-4770. [PMID: 23692446 DOI: 10.1021/jf400056p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti-fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) McAb 1D11 was used as the target for biopanning from a phage random loop-constrained heptapeptide library. After three cycles of panning, seven phages with three mimotope peptides were selected to mimic the binding of FB(1) to 1D11. After the identification of phage ELISA, the phage clone that showed the best linear range of detection was chosen for further research. One peptide with the inserted peptide sequence of the phage was synthetized, named CT-452. An indirect competitive ELISA (peptide ELISA) for detecting FB(1) was established using the CT-452-bovine serum albumin conjugate as coating antigen. The linear range of the inhibition curve was 1.77-20.73 ng/mL. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 6.06 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 1.18 ng/mL. This method was compared with conventional indirect ELISA (commercial ELISA kit) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the results showed the reliability of the peptide ELISA for the determination of FB(1) in cereal samples. The relationship between the CT-452 and FB(1) standard concentrations in peptide ELISA was evaluated. The results indicated that synthetic peptide CT-452 can replace the FB(1) standard to establish an immunoassay free of FB(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Sino-Germany Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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Torelli E, Firrao G, Bianchi G, Saccardo F, Locci R. The influence of local factors on the prediction of fumonisin contamination in maize. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1808-1814. [PMID: 22228027 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contamination by mycotoxins is a major concern to the maize industry in north-east Italy where maize grain is often spoiled by Fusarium spp. In this work, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were determined and an artificial neural network (ANN) model suitable for predicting mycotoxin contamination of maize at harvest time was developed. RESULTS The occurrence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone was very limited, while fumonisins concentration ranged from 163 and to 3663 µg kg(-1) in 2007, and from 333 to 11473 µg kg(-1) in 2008. Statistical data analysis of factors affecting fumonisins concentration revealed that irrigation, chemical treatment against the European corn borer and harvest date significantly affected the level of contamination (P < 0.05), although the relevance of the factors was different in 2007 and 2008. The neural network approach showed a significant correlation between ascertained values and predictions based on agronomic data. CONCLUSION This is the first time that an artificial neural network has been used to predict fumonisin accumulation in maize: the prediction has been shown to have the potential for the development of a new approach for the rapid cataloging of grain lots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Torelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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Simple Phosphate Buffer Extraction for the Determination of Fumonisins in Masa, Maize, and Derived Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kosoglu I, Aksoy U, Pehlivan R. Fumonisin B1and B2occurrence in dried fig fruits (Ficus caricaL.) under Meander Valley's climatic conditions and relationship with fruit quality. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1569-77. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.593190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dynamic of water activity in maize hybrids is crucial for fumonisin contamination in kernels. J Cereal Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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De Girolamo A, Pascale M, Visconti A. Comparison of methods and optimisation of the analysis of fumonisins B₁ and B₂ in masa flour, an alkaline cooked corn product. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:667-75. [PMID: 21400323 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.555846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A comparison study of different extraction and clean-up procedures for the liquid chromatographic analysis of fumonisins B(1) (FB(1)) and B(2) (FB(2)) in corn masa flour was performed. The procedures included extraction (heat or room temperature) with acidic conditions or EDTA-containing solvents, and clean-up by immunoaffinity or C18 solid-phase extraction columns. Thereafter an analytical method was optimised using extraction with an acidic mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-citrate/phosphate buffer, clean-up through the immunoaffinity column and determination of fumonisins by liquid chromatography with automated pre-column derivatisation with o-phthaldialdehyde reagent. Recovery experiments performed on yellow, white and blue masa flours at spiking levels of 400, 800 and 1200 µg kg(-1) FB(1) and of 100, 200 and 300 µg kg(-1) FB(2) gave overall mean recoveries of 99% (±6%) for FB(1) and 88% (±6%) for FB(2). Good recoveries (higher than 90% for both FB(1) and FB(2)) were also obtained with corn tortilla chips. The limits of quantification of the method (signal-to-noise ratio of 10) were 25 µg kg(-1) for FB(1) and 17 µg kg(-1) for FB(2). The method was tested on different commercial corn masa flours as well as on white and yellow corn tortilla chips, showing fumonisin contamination levels (FB(1) + FB(2)) up to 1800 µg kg(-1) (FB(1) + FB(2)) in masa flour and 960 µg kg(-1) in tortilla chips. Over 30% of masa flours originating from Mexico exceeded the European Union maximum permitted level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Girolamo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 122/O, Bari, Italy.
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Mazzoni E, Scandolara A, Giorni P, Pietri A, Battilani P. Field control of Fusarium ear rot, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and fumonisins in maize kernels. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2011; 67:458-465. [PMID: 21394878 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A 6 year study was conducted to evaluate the possible support of pesticides in mitigating mycotoxin contamination in maize grown in northern Italy. Different pesticides to control Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (ECB), Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenb. and Aspergillus flavus Link were considered to check their efficacy and the best schedule to reduce fumonisin and aflatoxin contamination. RESULTS Fumonisin B1 (FB1) contamination at harvest has been reduced by ECB control, while the addition of ingredients targeted to F. verticillioides gave a limited advantage, mainly with low FB1 contamination; nevertheless, fusaria control is relevant in high-risk conditions, when FB1 is likely to exceed the legal limit. The combination of fungal and pest control in a single spray at silk browning stage (BBCH 67) is the best way of application. These results are robust because they were obtained in a 6 year trial, with relevant differences in meteorological conditions, ECB and fungal presence and mycotoxin contamination. CONCLUSION Insecticides have been shown to give advantages in their application, while the low FB1 contamination in the final years of the study did not lead to conclusive data on the advantage of adding a fungicide. Chemicals applied did not modify A. flavus incidence or aflatoxin contamination (only detected in trace amounts).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Mazzoni
- Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia Vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Magro SL, Campaniello M, Nardiello D, Muscarella M. Assessment of Fumonisins B1 and B2 Levels in Commercial Maize-Based Food Products by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorimetric Detection and Postcolumn Chemical Derivatization. J Food Sci 2011; 76:T1-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pagliuca G, Lugoboni B, Gazzotti T, Cipollini I, Zaghini G. Fumonisin B1 and B2 in dry dog food: preliminary study on commercial samples. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2011.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A reliable liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the identification and quantification of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) in complete and complementary formulations of dry dog foods has been optimised and validated. The sample preparation consists of an extraction step followed by immunoaffinity clean-up. Method performance characteristics were evaluated spiking blank samples on multiple levels in four replicates. The method showed appropriate performance characteristic: good values of recovery (>95.9%) and precision (RSD <6.8%), as well as satisfying linearity of calibration curves (r2≥0.99). The limit of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) were 0.100 µg/g and 0.005 µg/g, respectively, both in complete and complementary dry dog foods and both for FB1 and FB2. This method was applied to 41 commercial samples in order to test its efficacy and gain some preliminary data about fumonisin contamination in dog food available in the Italian market. FB1 and FB2 were detected in all samples analysed and, in particular, 63.41% and 56.10% of the samples showed concentrations above the LOQ of FB1 and FB2, respectively. The levels of contamination quantified ranged between LOQ and 5.87 µg/g and 2.93 µg/g for FB1 and FB2, respectively. Among the complete dry dog foods, standard formulations generally showed an average fumonisins contamination higher than premium formulations. The guidance value of 5 µg/g set by Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC for the sum of FB1 and FB2 was exceeded in two samples: one standard complete dry dog food showed a total fumonisin contamination of 5.19 µg/g and one complementary food a contamination of 8.80 µg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Pagliuca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - B. Lugoboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - T. Gazzotti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - I. Cipollini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - G. Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Abstract
The two other major importers and exporters of the world are the USA and Japan. Each of their regulations impact how the network of food supply and delivery are viewed. Their regulations mirror that of Europe but have their own origins and focal points. It is the intent of this chapter to provide an overview of food safety through the regulatory bodies of these two world influencers. This should provide a more complete picture of the current state of implementation for keeping the food supply safe for the people of the world.
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Screening and initial binding assessment of fumonisin b(1) aptamers. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4864-81. [PMID: 21614178 PMCID: PMC3100853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11124864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum, fungi that are ubiquitous in corn (maize). Insect damage and some other environmental conditions result in the accumulation of fumonisins in corn-based products worldwide. Current methods of fumonisin detection rely on the use of immunoaffinity columns and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The use of aptamers offers a good alternative to the use of antibodies in fumonisin cleanup and detection due to lower costs and improved stability. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that are selected using Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) for their ability to bind to targets with high affinity and specificity. Sequences obtained after 18 rounds of SELEX were screened for their ability to bind to fumonisin B(1). Six unique sequences were obtained, each showing improved binding to fumonisin B(1) compared to controls. Sequence FB(1) 39 binds to fumonisin with a dissociation constant of 100 ± 30 nM and shows potential for use in fumonisin biosensors and solid phase extraction columns.
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Pietri A, Bertuzzi T, Agosti B, Donadini G. Transfer of aflatoxin B1and fumonisin B1from naturally contaminated raw materials to beer during an industrial brewing process. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 27:1431-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.489912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Isolation, purification, LC–MS/MS characterization and reactive oxygen species induced by fumonisin B1 in VERO cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:2891-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Firrao G, Torelli E, Gobbi E, Raranciuc S, Bianchi G, Locci R. Prediction of milled maize fumonisin contamination by multispectral image analysis. J Cereal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2010.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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De Girolamo A, Fauw DPD, Sizoo E, van Egmond H, Gambacorta L, Bouten K, Stroka J, Visconti A, Solfrizzo M. Determination of fumonisins B1 and B2 in maize-based baby food products by HPLC with fluorimetric detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2010. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2010.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) in different commercial maize-based products for infants and young children was developed and tested in a limited validation study involving 3 laboratories. The method used extraction at 55 °C with an acidic mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-phosphate/citrate buffer, clean-up through immunoaffinity column and fumonisin determination by high performance liquid chromatography with automated pre-column derivatisation with o-phthaldialdehyde. Recovery experiments were performed at five spiking levels in the ranges of 80-800 µg/kg FB1 and 20-200 µg/kg FB2. Mean recoveries ranged from 83 to 97% for FB1 and from 61 to 78% for FB2. Relative standard deviations for within-laboratory repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 5 to 12% for FB1 and from 8 to 13% for FB2, whereas relative standard deviation for between-laboratory reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 6 to 10% for FB1 and from 9 to 16% for FB2. The limit of quantification of the method (signal to noise ratio of 6) was 2.8 µg/kg for FB1 and 2.2 µg/kg for FB2. Fumonisins were found in 6 out of 19 maize-based baby foods obtained from the Italian retail market at levels up to 53 µg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. De Girolamo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - D. Pereboom-de Fauw
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands (previously affiliated with the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - E. Sizoo
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands (previously affiliated with the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H. van Egmond
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands (previously affiliated with the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - L. Gambacorta
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - K. Bouten
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - J. Stroka
- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | - A. Visconti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M. Solfrizzo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Torelli E, Gubiani R, Firrao G, Cividino S, Locci R, Gobbi E. Air analysis in the assessment of fumonisin contamination risk in maize. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:641-649. [PMID: 20355093 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In maize-growing areas where fumonisin contamination is endemic, there is an urgent need for novel methods to assess the quality of grain lots before their delivery to common drying and storage collection centres. Aerobiological samples of fungal spores released during harvest were analysed to establish a relationship between fumonisin contamination and the abundance of pathogen propagules collected in the combine harvester using a cyclone and membrane filters. Filter-captured propagules were analysed by direct plating, immunoenzymatic assay of specific Fusarium extracellular polysaccharides and real time polymerase chain reaction of the extracted DNA using fum1, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of fumonisin, as a target. RESULTS The results showed that time of harvest and environmental conditions strongly influenced the efficiency and performance of the collection system. The data obtained were informative in comparing individual samples collected under similar conditions. The immunoenzymatic assay provided the most reliable data, which improved the ability of a neural network to predict the fumonisin content of lots, when added to agronomic, environmental and phytosanitary data. CONCLUSION This is the first attempt to evaluate the Fusarium propagules dispersed during harvesting as a predictive means to assess maize quality. A method based on cyclone/filter capture and immunological detection has been shown to be feasible and to have the potential for the development of a continuous monitoring system, but the prediction capabilities in the present implementation were limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Torelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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Casado MR, Parsons D, Magan N, Weightman R, Battilani P, Pietri A. A short geostatistical study of the three-dimensional spatial structure of fumonisins in stored maize. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2010. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2009.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous three-dimensional spatial distribution of mycotoxins has proven to be one of the main limitations for the design of effective sampling protocols. Current sample collection protocols for mycotoxins have been designed to estimate the mean concentration and fail to characterise the spatial distribution of the mycotoxin concentration due to the aggregation of the incremental samples. Geostatistical techniques have been successfully applied to overcome similar problems in many research areas. However, little work has been developed on the use of geostatistics for the design of sampling protocols for mycotoxins. This paper focuses on the analysis of the two and three-dimensional spatial structure of fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) in maize in a bulk store using a geostatistical approach and on how results help determine the number and location of incremental samples to be collected. The spatial correlation between FB1 and FB2, as well as between the number of kernels infected and the level of contamination was investigated. For this purpose, a bed of maize was sampled at different depths to generate a unique three-dimensional data set of FB1 and FB2. The analysis found no clear evidence of spatial structure in either the two-dimensional or three-dimensional analyses. The number of Fusarium infected kernels was not a good indicator for the prediction of fumonisin concentration and there was no spatial correlation between the concentrations of the two fumonisins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rivas Casado
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - D. Parsons
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - N. Magan
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - R. Weightman
- Centre for Sustainable Crop Management, ADAS UK Ltd, Battlegate Road, Boxworth, Cambridge CB23 4NN, United Kingdom
| | - P. Battilani
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - A. Pietri
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
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Zachariasova M, Lacina O, Malachova A, Kostelanska M, Poustka J, Godula M, Hajslova J. Novel approaches in analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals employing ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 662:51-61. [PMID: 20152265 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, simple and cost-effective analytical methods with performance characteristics matching regulatory requirements are needed for effective control of occurrence of Fusarium toxins in cereals and cereal-based products to which they might be transferred during processing. Within this study, two alternative approaches enabling retrospective data analysis and identification of unknown signals in sample extracts have been implemented and validated for determination of 11 major Fusarium toxins. In both cases, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (U-HPLC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HR MS) was employed. (13)C isotopically labeled surrogates as well as matrix-matched standards were employed for quantification. As far as time of flight mass analyzer (TOF-MS) was a detection tool, the use of modified QuEChERS (quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe) sample preparation procedure, widely employed in multi-pesticides residue analysis, was shown as an optimal approach to obtain low detection limits. The second challenging alternative, enabling direct analysis of crude extract, was the use of mass analyzer based on Orbitrap technology. In addition to demonstration of full compliance of the new methods with Commission Regulation (EC) No. 401/2006, also their potential to be used for confirmatory purposes according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC has been critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zachariasova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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46
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Immunoaffinity column clean-up techniques in food analysis: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:115-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mycoflora and co-occurrence of fumonisins and aflatoxins in freshly harvested corn in different regions of Brazil. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:5090-103. [PMID: 20087478 PMCID: PMC2808024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mycoflora and co-occurrence of fumonisins (FB1, FB2) and aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) in freshly harvested corn grain samples from four regions of Brazil were investigated. Fusarium verticillioides was predominant in all samples. Analysis of fumonisins showed that 98% of the samples were contaminated with FB1 and 74.5% with FB1 + FB2, with toxin levels ranging from 0.015 to 9.67 μg/g for FB1 and from 0.015 to 3.16 μg/g for FB2. Twenty-one (10.5%) samples were contaminated with AFB1, seven (3.5%) with AFB2 and only one (0.5%) with AFG1 and AFG2 Co-contamination with aflatoxins and fumonisins was observed in 7% of the samples. The highest contamination of fumonisins and aflatoxins was observed in Nova Odessa (SP) and Várzea Grande (MT), respectively. The lowest contamination of these mycotoxins was found in Várzea Grande and Nova Odessa, respectively.
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48
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Blandino M, Reyneri A, Vanara F, Tamietti G, Pietri A. Influence of agricultural practices on Fusarium infection, fumonisin and deoxynivalenol contamination of maize kernels. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2009. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2008.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins in cereals are an economic and health problem. They are mainly produced in the field and are influenced by environmental conditions during ripening and by agricultural practices. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of combined agronomic techniques on fumonisins and deoxynivalenol contamination in maize kernels. Six experimental fields were prepared in North Italy from 2005 to 2007. Two hybrids with different maturity times and 6 different combinations of agricultural practices (sowing time, plant density, N fertilisation and European corn borer (ECB) control with insecticide) were compared for ECB incidence and severity, Fusarium ear rot incidence and severity, F. verticillioides and F. graminearum kernel infection and fumonisin and deoxynivalenol contamination. In temperate climates, where ECB attack is consistent, the production of maize kernels with a low fumonisin content can be enhanced by a correct insecticide application against second-generation ECB larvae and by an early sowing date. In this study the application of the most careful practice led to a reduction in the Fusarium ear rot severity and fumonisin by 62% and 91%, respectively, compared to the worst practice. The fumonisin levels were less affected by N fertility, plant density and hybrid maturity. The presence of deoxynivalenol is related to late sowing and harvesting times, late maturity hybrids, high plant density and N fertilisation. The insecticide treatments did not significantly reduce deoxynivalenol contamination. The data in this study clearly show that the application of good agricultural practices in crop management strategies can effectively lead to good control of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Blandino
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università di Torino, via Leonardo Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - A. Reyneri
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università di Torino, via Leonardo Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - F. Vanara
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Selvicoltura e Gestione del Territorio, Università di Torino, via Leonardo Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - G. Tamietti
- Di.Va.P.R.A., Università di Torino, via Leonardo Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - A. Pietri
- Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100, Piacenza, Italy
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Dall’Asta C, Mangia M, Berthiller F, Molinelli A, Sulyok M, Schuhmacher R, Krska R, Galaverna G, Dossena A, Marchelli R. Difficulties in fumonisin determination: the issue of hidden fumonisins. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1335-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Tardieu D, Bailly JD, Benlashehr I, Auby A, Jouglar JY, Guerre P. Tissue persistence of fumonisin B1 in ducks and after exposure to a diet containing the maximum European tolerance for fumonisins in avian feeds. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:239-44. [PMID: 19559689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity and persistence of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in liver, kidney and muscle were investigated in ducks fed 5, 10 and 20mg FB1+FB2/kg feed during force-feeding. Mortality and signs of toxicity were only obtained with 20mg/kg, whereas an increased Sa/So ratio was observed from 5mg/kg on. Persistence of FB1 was only found in liver (16 and 20 microg FB1/kg liver in ducks fed 10 and 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg feed, respectively). Toxicokinetic studies were conducted by the intravenous route (IV, single dose: 10mg FB1/kg body weight) and the oral route (single dose: 100mg FB1/kg body weight), in growing ducks and in ducks during force-feeding. After IV administration, serum concentration-time curves were described by a two-compartment open model. Elimination half-life and mean residence time of FB1 were 26 and 24 min, respectively, clearance was 19.3 ml/min/kg. After oral administration, bioavailability, elimination half-life, mean residence time and clearance varied during force-feeding and growth from 2-2.3%, 71-80 min, 200-188 min, 16.7-17 ml/min/kg, respectively. Taken together these results demonstrate that the risk of persistence of FB1 in ducks after force-feeding is very low, Sa/So being a good biomarker which increases before signs of toxicity and risk of persistence of FB1 in tissue (limit of detection 13 microg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Tardieu
- ENVT, Mycotoxicology Unit, 23 chemin des capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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