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Dooley J, Lagou V, Goveia J, Ulrich A, Rohlenova K, Heirman N, Karakach T, Lampi Y, Khan S, Wang J, Dresselaers T, Himmelreich U, Gunter MJ, Prokopenko I, Carmeliet P, Liston A. Heterogeneous Effects of Calorie Content and Nutritional Components Underlie Dietary Influence on Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107880. [PMID: 32668252 PMCID: PMC7370178 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a rare but fatal form of cancer, the fourth highest in absolute mortality. Known risk factors include obesity, diet, and type 2 diabetes; however, the low incidence rate and interconnection of these factors confound the isolation of individual effects. Here, we use epidemiological analysis of prospective human cohorts and parallel tracking of pancreatic cancer in mice to dissect the effects of obesity, diet, and diabetes on pancreatic cancer. Through longitudinal monitoring and multi-omics analysis in mice, we found distinct effects of protein, sugar, and fat dietary components, with dietary sugars increasing Mad2l1 expression and tumor proliferation. Using epidemiological approaches in humans, we find that dietary sugars give a MAD2L1 genotype-dependent increased susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. The translation of these results to a clinical setting could aid in the identification of the at-risk population for screening and potentially harness dietary modification as a therapeutic measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jermaine Goveia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Heirman
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Tobias Karakach
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yulia Lampi
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shawez Khan
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; UMR 8199 - EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Section of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Liston
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK; VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Nagy I, Németh J, Lászik Z. Effect of L-aminocarnitine, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, on the exocrine pancreas and liver in fasted rats. Pharmacol Res 2000; 41:9-17. [PMID: 10600264 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fasting induces pancreatic secretory lipase, possibly through an increased utilization of fatty acids and/or ketone bodies by the acinar cells. To test this hypothesis, the effects of L-aminocarnitine (ACA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial beta-oxidation and ketone body formation, on the pancreatic enzyme composition were studied in rats. The characteristics and reversibility of the hepatic steatosis produced by ACA in fasted animals were also investigated. In fasted rats, ACA decreased the plasma levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and insulin, but increased that of glucagon. Fasting for 3 days increased the pancreatic lipase content by 80%. Administration of ACA (3, 10 or 30 mg kg(-1) daily) for 3 days to fasted rats led to dose-related decreases in pancreatic lipase content, the fasting-induced increase was prevented even by the lowest dose. Nevertheless, ACA in the fasted rats likewise decreased the pancreatic contents of protein, amylase and trypsinogen to varying degrees, suggesting a general defect of protein synthesis. The 3-day treatment with ACA during fasting led to dose-related, marked increases in hepatic weight and triglyceride content. Light and electron microscopy revealed lipid vesicles of varying sizes in the hepatocytes; the fat deposition was predominant in the periportal zones of the hepatic lobules. By means of electron microscopy, lipid vacuoles were observed in the centroacinar cells, but not in the acinar cells of the pancreas. In rats treated with 30 mg kg(-1) of ACA daily for 3 days while they were fasted, cessation of ACA treatment and refeeding with normal chow led to normalization of the pancreatic enzyme contents within 6 days, and gradual and complete disappearance of the hepatic steatosis within 24 days. Microscopy also demonstrated complete recovery in both the liver and the pancreas. The results indicate that pancreatic secretory lipase induction during the adaptive phase of starvation is dependent on an unhindered mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and ketogenesis. The dose-related degree of hepatic triglyceride accumulation which can be produced readily by administration of ACA during short-term starvation in the rat may serve as a new, convenient experimental model for studies of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nagy
- Departments of Medicine 1 and Pathology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary
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Abstract
Dietary fats have an impact on health and disease. A pancreatic exocrine protein, pancreatic triglyceride lipase, is essential for the efficient digestion of dietary fats. This enzyme requires another pancreatic exocrine protein, colipase, for full activity in the gut lumen. In addition to its importance in fat digestion, pancreatic triglyceride lipase has potential applications in medical therapy, medical diagnostics, and industry. This potential stimulated interest in lipases; radiograph during the last few years, studies applying the technologies of molecular biology and radiograph crystallography greatly increased our knowledge about pancreatic triglyceride lipase and colipase protein structure, enzyme mechanism, and gene structure. This review focuses on these recent advances and discusses models for the kinetic properties of pancreatic triglyceride lipase and for the interaction of pancreatic triglyceride lipase with colipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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