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Phung NV, Rong F, Xia WY, Fan Y, Li XY, Wang SA, Li FL. Nervonic acid and its sphingolipids: Biological functions and potential food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37114919 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid, a 24-carbon fatty acid with only one double bond at the 9th carbon (C24:1n-9), is abundant in the human brain, liver, and kidney. It not only functions in free form but also serves as a critical component of sphingolipids which participate in many biological processes such as cell membrane formation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Recent studies show that nervonic acid supplementation is not only beneficial to human health but also can improve the many medical conditions such as neurological diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Nervonic acid and its sphingomyelins serve as a special material for myelination in infants and remyelination patients with multiple sclerosis. Besides, the administration of nervonic acid is reported to reduce motor disorder in mice with Parkinson's disease and limit weight gain. Perturbations of nervonic acid and its sphingolipids might lead to the pathogenesis of many diseases and understanding these mechanisms is critical for investigating potential therapeutic approaches for such diseases. However, available studies about this aspect are limited. In this review, relevant findings about functional mechanisms of nervonic acid have been comprehensively and systematically described, focusing on four interconnected functions: cellular structure, signaling, anti-inflammation, lipid mobilization, and their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Van Phung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Yue Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Yu Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi An Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
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Murakami K, Furuya H, Hokutan K, Goodison S, Pagano I, Chen R, Shen CH, Chan MWY, Ng CF, Kobayashi T, Ogawa O, Miyake M, Thornquist M, Shimizu Y, Hayashi K, Wang Z, Yu H, Rosser CJ. Association of SNPs in the PAI1 Gene with Disease Recurrence and Clinical Outcome in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4943. [PMID: 36902377 PMCID: PMC10003630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide and is characterized by a high rate of recurrence. In previous studies, we and others have described the functional influence of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1) in bladder cancer development. While polymorphisms in PAI1 have been associated with increased risk and worsened prognosis in some cancers, the mutational status of PAI1 in human bladder tumors has not been well defined. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the mutational status of PAI1 in a series of independent cohorts, comprised of a total of 660 subjects. RESULTS Sequencing analyses identified two clinically relevant 3' untranslated region (UTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PAI1 (rs7242; rs1050813). Somatic SNP rs7242 was present in human BCa cohorts (overall incidence of 72%; 62% in Caucasians and 72% in Asians). In contrast, the overall incidence of germline SNP rs1050813 was 18% (39% in Caucasians and 6% in Asians). Furthermore, Caucasian patients with at least one of the described SNPs had worse recurrence-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.03 and p = 0.03, respectively). In vitro functional studies demonstrated that SNP rs7242 increased the anti-apoptotic effect of PAI1, and SNP rs1050813 was related to a loss of contact inhibition associated with cellular proliferation when compared to wild type. CONCLUSION Further investigation of the prevalence and potential downstream influence of these SNPs in bladder cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Murakami
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kanani Hokutan
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Runpu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Michael W. Y. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Chi Fai Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 6348522, Japan
| | - Mark Thornquist
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yoshiko Shimizu
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kazukuni Hayashi
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Charles J. Rosser
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Liang Q, Liu JN, Fang H, Dong Y, Wang C, Bao Y, Hou W, Zhou R, Ma X, Gai S, Wang L, Li S, Yang KQ, Sang YL. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses provide insights into valuable fatty acid biosynthesis and environmental adaptation of yellowhorn. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:991197. [PMID: 36147226 PMCID: PMC9486082 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.991197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium) is an oil-bearing tree species growing naturally in poor soil. The kernel of yellowhorn contains valuable fatty acids like nervonic acid. However, the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of valued fatty acids and adaptation to harsh environments is mainly unexplored in yellowhorn. Here, we presented a haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of yellowhorn with the size of 490.44 Mb containing scaffold N50 of 34.27 Mb. Comparative genomics, in combination with transcriptome profiling analyses, showed that expansion of gene families like long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase and ankyrins contribute to yellowhorn fatty acid biosynthesis and defense against abiotic stresses, respectively. By integrating genomic and transcriptomic data of yellowhorn, we found that the transcription of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase gene XS04G00959 was consistent with the accumulation of nervonic and erucic acid biosynthesis, suggesting its critical regulatory roles in their biosynthesis. Collectively, these results enhance our understanding of the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of valuable fatty acids and adaptation to harsh environments in yellowhorn and provide foundations for its genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Ning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Bao
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenrui Hou
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xinmei Ma
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Gai
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Lichang Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shouke Li
- Worth Agricultural Development Co. Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Ke Qiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Lin Sang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Annesley SJ, Allan CY, Sanislav O, Evans A, Fisher PR. Dysregulated Gene Expression in Lymphoblasts from Parkinson’s Disease. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10020020. [PMID: 35736800 PMCID: PMC9230639 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second largest neurodegenerative disease worldwide and is caused by a combination of genetics and environment. It is characterized by the death of neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain but is not solely a disease of the brain, as it affects multiple tissues and organs. Studying Parkinson’s disease in accessible tissues such as skin and blood has increased our understanding of the disease’s pathogenesis. Here, we used lymphoblast cell lines generated from Parkinson’s disease patient and healthy age- and sex-matched control groups and obtained their whole-cell transcriptomes and proteomes. Our analysis revealed, in both the transcriptomes and the proteomes of PD cells, a global downregulation of genes involved in protein synthesis, as well as the upregulation of immune processes and sphingolipid metabolism. In contrast, we discovered an uncoupling of mRNA and protein expression in processes associated with mitochondrial respiration in the form of a general downregulation in associated transcripts and an upregulation in proteins. Complex V was different to the other oxidative phosphorylation complexes in that the levels of its associated transcripts were also lower, but the levels of their encoded polypeptides were not elevated. This may suggest that further layers of regulation specific to Complex V are in play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Annesley
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (C.Y.A.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-394791412
| | - Claire Yvonne Allan
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (C.Y.A.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Oana Sanislav
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (C.Y.A.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Andrew Evans
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Paul Robert Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (C.Y.A.); (O.S.); (P.R.F.)
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He X, Lu TQ, Li JY, Mao P, Zhang L, Zheng GW, Tian B. Germplasm resources of three wood plant species enriched with nervonic acid. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:308-315. [PMID: 35769596 PMCID: PMC9209899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions that plays an important role in treating several neurological disorders. One major source of NA is plant seed oil. Here we report fatty acid profiles of seeds and germplasm diversity of six plant species, including three woody plants with high amounts of NA-enriched seed oil, Malania oleifera, Macaranga adenantha, and M. indica. M. oleifera had the largest seed (average 7.40 g single seed), highest oil content (58.71%), and highest NA level (42.22%). The germplasm diversity of M. oleifera is associated with its habitat but not elevation. Seeds of M. adenantha contained higher NA levels (28.41%) than M. indica (21.77%), but M. indica contained a significantly higher oil content (29.22%) and seed yield. M. adenantha germplasm varied among populations, with one population having seeds with high oil content (22.63%) and NA level (37.78%).Although M. indica grow naturally at a range of elevations, no significant differences were detected between M. indica populations. These results suggest that M. indica and M. oleifera have greater potential as a source of NA, which will contribute to constructing a germplasm resource nursery and establishing a selection and breeding program to improve the development of NA-enriched plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Plant Resources, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian-Quan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Plant Resources, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Plant Resources, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming, 650223, China
- Xinping Branch, Yuxi Tobacco Company, Xinping, 653400, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Guangnan Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Guangnan, 663300, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Plant Resources, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming, 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Plant Resources, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, Kunming, 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
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Song W, Zhang K, Xue T, Han J, Peng F, Ding C, Lin F, Li J, Sze FTA, Gan J, Chen X. Cognitive improvement effect of nervonic acid and essential fatty acids on rats ingesting Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil revealed by lipidomics approach. Food Funct 2022; 13:2475-2490. [PMID: 35147628 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03671h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil (ASO) is rich in ω-9 (53.93%) and ω-6 (30.7%) fatty acids (FAs) and characterized by 3-7% nervonic acid (NA, C24:1ω-9). Evidence suggests that ω-9 FAs such as NA participate in processes of cognitive improvement; however, their mechanism remains ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the effect of ASO on rat memory and the change in lipid profiling and underlying metabolism. After ASO was administrated to rats for one, three and seven days, their capacity for learning and memory significantly increased via the MWM test. Lipid profiling showed alterations in a wide range of metabolic features after ASO was administrated to the rats, in which sphingolipids (SP) in the serum and glycerophospholipids (GP) in the brain were regulated significantly. The changes in the fatty acids in the serum and brain showed the synergetic effects of NA, EA, OA and DHA, where NA, EA and OA exhibited similar change trends. The enrichment analysis based on KEGG indicated that ASO supplementation evoked the pathways of neurotrophin signaling, glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism, which are related to memory and cognition improvement. Among the metabolites with different molecular forms, the biomarkers with C24:1ω-9 chains exhibited a positive correlation with others both in the serum SP and brain GP. These results suggest the synergistic effects of ω-9 FAs and that their conversion into each other may result in enhanced cognition in rats ingesting Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangting Song
- Bao Feng Key Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Bao Feng Key Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing, China. .,School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Teng Xue
- Bao Feng Key Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing, China. .,Zhong Guan Cun Biological and Medical Big Data Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Han
- Bao Feng Key Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing, China.
| | - Fangda Peng
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Chunguang Ding
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, NHC, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Neurology, Sanming First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Jiujun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Plateau Medical Research Center of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fat Tin Agassi Sze
- Bao Feng Key Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing, China. .,Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, China
| | - Jianwen Gan
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xianyang Chen
- Bao Feng Key Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing, China. .,Zhong Guan Cun Biological and Medical Big Data Center, Beijing, China
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Zhang G, Tobolski D, Zwierzchowski G, Mandal R, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN. Identification of Serum-Predictive Biomarkers for Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows and New Insights into the Pathobiology of the Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1724-1746. [PMID: 35098717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeted direct injection/liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was employed to identify metabolite alterations that could differentiate subclinical mastitis (SCM) from control (CON) dairy cows at -8, -4, disease diagnosis, +4 and +8 wks relative to parturition. We identified and measured 128 metabolites in the serum. Univariate analysis revealed significant alterations of serum metabolites at all five time points studied. By applying multivariate analyses including principle component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis, some of the metabolites were found to have the strongest power for discriminating the SCM from CON cows. The top five metabolites with the greatest variable importance in projection values were selected as potential biomarkers for SCM. A set of five serum metabolites including lysine, ornithine, isoleucine, LysoPC a C17:0, and leucine at -8 wks and five other metabolites including lysine, leucine, isoleucine, kynurenine, and sphingomyelin (SM) C26:0 at -4 wks prepartum were determined as predictive biomarkers for SCM, which provided highly predictive capabilities with AUC (area under the curve) at 1.00. Five metabolites including lysine, leucine, isoleucine, kynurenine, and SM C26:1 in the serum were identified as diagnostic biomarkers for SCM with the AUC of 1.00. Moreover, we observed that distinct metabolic pathways were affected in SCM cows including lysine degradation, biotin, cysteine, methionine, and glutathione metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis prior to and during the occurrence of the disease. Results of this study showed that metabolomics analyses can be used to identify susceptible cows to SCM starting from -8 and -4 wks prepartum and that blood can be used to diagnose cows with SCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanshi Zhang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Dawid Tobolski
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 14 Oczapowskiego Str., Olsztyn 10-718, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zwierzchowski
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 1a Oczapowskiego Str., Olsztyn 10-719, Poland
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- Departments of Biological and Computer Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- Departments of Biological and Computer Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Burim N Ametaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Giwa AS, Ali N. Perspectives of nervonic acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:193-202. [PMID: 35119573 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (cis-15-tetracosenoic acid, 24:1Δ15) is a long chain monounsaturated fatty acid, mainly exists in white matt er of the human brains. It plays an important role in the development of nervous system and curing neurological diseases. The limited natural sources and high price are considered limiting factors for the extensive application of nervonic acid. Yarrowia lipolytica is a high lipid producing yeast and engineered strain which can produce nervonic acid. The biosynthesis of nervonic acid has yet to be investigated, although the metabolism has been examined for couple of years. Normally, oleic acid is considered the origin of nervonic acid synthesis through fatty acid prolongation, where malonyl-CoA and acyl-CoA are initially concise by 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). To meet the high requirement of industrial production, the optimization of fermentation and bioreactors configurations are necessary tools to be carried out. This review article summarizes the research literature on advancements and recent trends about the production, synthesis and properties of nervonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa
- School of Human Settlements and Environment, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Nasir Ali
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Sphingomyelin and Probiotics on Colon Cancer Development in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:407-414. [PMID: 35112298 PMCID: PMC9076719 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that dietary sphingomyelin could inhibit early stages of colon cancer. Lactic acid-producing bacteria have also been associated with an amelioration of cancer symptoms. However, little is known about the potential beneficial effects of the combined administration of both sphingomyelin and lactic acid-producing bacteria. This article analyzes the effect of a diet supplemented with a combination of the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum (108 CFU/ml) and sphingomyelin (0.05%) on mice with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer. Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups: one healthy group (group C) and two groups with DMH-induced cancer, one fed a standard diet (group D) and the other fed a diet supplemented with sphingomyelin and probiotics (DS). The number of aberrant crypt foci, marker of colon cancer development, was lower in the DS. The dietary supplementation with the synbiotic reversed the cancer-induced impairment of galactose uptake in enterocyte brush-border-membrane vesicles. These results confirm the beneficial effects of the synbiotic on the intestinal physiology of colon cancer mice and contribute to the understanding of the possible mechanisms involved.
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Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101138. [PMID: 34774919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.
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Liu F, Wang P, Xiong X, Zeng X, Zhang X, Wu G. A Review of Nervonic Acid Production in Plants: Prospects for the Genetic Engineering of High Nervonic Acid Cultivars Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626625. [PMID: 33747006 PMCID: PMC7973461 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a very-long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid that plays crucial roles in brain development and has attracted widespread research interest. The markets encouraged the development of a refined, NA-enriched plant oil as feedstocks for the needed further studies of NA biological functions to the end commercial application. Plant seed oils offer a renewable and environmentally friendly source of NA, but their industrial production is presently hindered by various factors. This review focuses on the NA biosynthesis and assembly, NA resources from plants, and the genetic engineering of NA biosynthesis in oil crops, discusses the factors that affect NA production in genetically engineered oil crops, and provides prospects for the application of NA and prospective trends in the engineering of NA. This review emphasizes the progress made toward various NA-related topics and explores the limitations and trends, thereby providing integrated and comprehensive insight into the nature of NA production mechanisms during genetic engineering. Furthermore, this report supports further work involving the manipulation of NA production through transgenic technologies and molecular breeding for the enhancement of crop nutritional quality or creation of plant biochemical factories to produce NA for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pandi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Wangia-Dixon RN, Nishimwe K. Molecular toxicology and carcinogenesis of fumonisins: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2021; 39:44-67. [PMID: 33554724 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1867449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisins, discovered in 1988 are a group of naturally occurring toxins produced by fusarium pathogenic fungi. Besides their presence in animal feeds, contamination of human foods such as corn, millet, oats, rye, barley, wheat and their products are widespread. Exposure to fumonisins results in species and organ specific toxicities including neurological disorders among equids, pulmonary edema in swine, esophageal cancer in humans and both kidney and liver related toxicities in rodents. This review seeks to consolidate groundbreaking research on the science of fumonisins toxicity, highlight recent progress on fumonisins research, and provide an overview of plausible mechanistic biomarkers for fumonisins exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nabwire Wangia-Dixon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kizito Nishimwe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Li Z, Ma S, Song H, Yang Z, Zhao C, Taylor D, Zhang M. A 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11 (KCS11) homolog from Malania oleifera synthesizes nervonic acid in plants rich in 11Z-eicosenoic acid. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:331-342. [PMID: 33032322 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (24:1) is a major component in nerve and brain tissues and it has important applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Malania oleifera seeds contain about 40% nervonic acid. However, the mechanism of nervonic acid biosynthesis and accumulation in seeds of this endangered tree species remains unknown. In this study, developmental changes in fatty acid composition within embryos and their pericarps were investigated. Nervonic acid proportions steadily increased in developing embryos but 24:1 was not detected in pericarps at any stage. Two 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) homologs have been isolated from M. oleifera developing seeds by homologous cloning methods. Both KCSs are expressed in developing embryos but not detected in pericarps. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, these two KCSs were named as MoKCS4 and MoKCS11. Seed-specific expression of the MoKCS11 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to about 5% nervonic acid accumulation, while expression of the MoKCS4 did not show an obvious change in fatty acid composition. It is noteworthy that the transformation of the same MoKCS11 construct into two Brassica napus cultivars with high erucic acid did not produce the expected accumulation of nervonic acid, although expression of MoKCS11 was detected in the developing embryos of transgenic lines. In contrast, overexpression of MoKCS11 results in similar level of nervonic acid accumulation in camelina, a species which contains a similar level of 11Z-eicosenoic acid as does Arabidopsis thaliana. Taken together, the MoKCS11 may have a substrate preference for 11Z-eicosenoic acid, but not for erucic acid, in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shijie Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huan Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - David Taylor
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Retired from NRC Canada and lives in Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road Yangling, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Ma Q, Sun T, Li S, Wen J, Zhu L, Yin T, Yan K, Xu X, Li S, Mao J, Wang Y, Jin S, Zhao X, Li Q. The Acer truncatum genome provides insights into nervonic acid biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:662-678. [PMID: 32772482 PMCID: PMC7702125 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acer truncatum (purpleblow maple) is a woody tree species that produces seeds with high levels of valuable fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). However, the lack of a complete genome sequence has limited both basic and applied research on A. truncatum. We describe a high-quality draft genome assembly comprising 633.28 Mb (contig N50 = 773.17 kb; scaffold N50 = 46.36 Mb) with at least 28 438 predicted genes. The genome underwent an ancient triplication, similar to the core eudicots, but there have been no recent whole-genome duplication events. Acer yangbiense and A. truncatum are estimated to have diverged about 9.4 million years ago. A combined genomic, transcriptomic, metabonomic, and cell ultrastructural analysis provided new insights into the biosynthesis of very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids. In addition, three KCS genes were found that may contribute to regulating nervonic acid biosynthesis. The KCS paralogous gene family expanded to 28 members, with 10 genes clustered together and distributed in the 0.27-Mb region of pseudochromosome 4. Our chromosome-scale genomic characterization may facilitate the discovery of agronomically important genes and stimulate functional genetic research on A. truncatum. Furthermore, the data presented also offer important foundations from which to study the molecular mechanisms influencing the production of nervonic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Ma
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Tianlin Sun
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijing100083China
| | - Shushun Li
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Jing Wen
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaCollege of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Kunyuan Yan
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijing100083China
| | - Shuxian Li
- The Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation CenterNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Jianfeng Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular DesignCollege of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Ya‐nan Wang
- Co‐Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern ChinaCollege of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Novogene Bioinformatics InstituteBeijing100083China
| | - Qianzhong Li
- Institute of Leisure AgricultureJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic ImprovementNanjing210014China
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Claver A, de la Vega M, Rey-Giménez R, Luján MÁ, Picorel R, López MV, Alfonso M. Functional analysis of β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase from biofuel feedstock Thlaspi arvense reveals differences in the triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway among Brassicaceae. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:283-296. [PMID: 32740897 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Differences in FAE1 enzyme affinity for the acyl-CoA substrates, as well as the balance between the different pathways involved in their incorporation to triacylglycerol might be determinant of the different composition of the seed oil in Brassicaceae. Brassicaceae present a great heterogeneity of seed oil and fatty acid composition, accumulating Very Long Chain Fatty Acids with industrial applications. However, the molecular determinants of these differences remain elusive. We have studied the β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase from the high erucic feedstock Thlaspi arvense (Pennycress). Functional characterization of the Pennycress FAE1 enzyme was performed in two Arabidopsis backgrounds; Col-0, with less than 2.5% of erucic acid in its seed oil and the fae1-1 mutant, deficient in FAE1 activity, that did not accumulate erucic acid. Seed-specific expression of the Pennycress FAE1 gene in Col-0 resulted in a 3 to fourfold increase of erucic acid content in the seed oil. This increase was concomitant with a decrease of eicosenoic acid levels without changes in oleic ones. Interestingly, only small changes in eicosenoic and erucic acid levels occurred when the Pennycress FAE1 gene was expressed in the fae1-1 mutant, with high levels of oleic acid available for elongation, suggesting that the Pennycress FAE1 enzyme showed higher affinity for eicosenoic acid substrates, than for oleic ones in Arabidopsis. Erucic acid was incorporated to triacylglycerol in the transgenic lines without significant changes in their levels in the diacylglycerol fraction, suggesting that erucic acid was preferentially incorporated to triacylglycerol via DGAT1. Expression analysis of FAE1, AtDGAT1, AtLPCAT1 and AtPDAT1 genes in the transgenic lines further supported this conclusion. Differences in FAE1 affinity for the oleic and eicosenoic substrates among Brassicaceae, as well as their incorporation to triacylglycerol might explain the differences in composition of their seed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claver
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marina de la Vega
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Rey-Giménez
- Laboratorio Agroambiental, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50071, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Á Luján
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Picorel
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Victoria López
- Department of Soil and Water, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Alfonso
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei-CSIC, Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Wu R, Zhong S, Ni M, Zhu X, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Chen J. Effects of Malania oleifera Chun Oil on the Improvement of Learning and Memory Function in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8617143. [PMID: 33014116 PMCID: PMC7519201 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8617143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruits of Malania oleifera Chun & S. K. Lee have been highly sought after medically because its seeds have high oil content (>60%), especially the highest known proportion of nervonic acid (>55%). Objective of the Study. The objective was to explore the effects of different doses of Malania oleifera Chun oil (MOC oil) on the learning and memory of mice and to evaluate whether additional DHA algae oil and vitamin E could help MOC oil improve learning and memory and its possible mechanisms. METHODS After 30 days of oral administration of the relevant agents to mice, behavioral tests were conducted as well as detection of oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and glutathione peroxidase) and biochemical indicators (acetylcholine, acetyl cholinesterase, and choline acetyltransferase) in the hippocampus. RESULTS Experimental results demonstrated that MOC oil treatment could markedly improve learning and memory of mouse models in behavioral experiments and increase the activity of GSH-PX in hippocampus and reduce the content of MDA, especially the dose of 46.27 mg/kg. The addition of DHA and VE could better assist MOC oil to improve the learning and memory, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and restrain the activity of AChE and also increase the content of ACh. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that MOC oil treatment could improve learning and memory impairments. Therefore, we suggest that MOC oil is a potentially important resource for the development of nervonic acid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhong
- West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmei Ni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuxi Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lishi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Changes in the Fecal Metabolome Are Associated with Feeding Fiber Not Health Status in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10070281. [PMID: 32660033 PMCID: PMC7407581 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10070281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of feeding different fiber sources to cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with healthy cats (both n = 10) on fecal metabolites. A cross-over within split-plot study design was performed using healthy and CKD cats (IRIS stage 1, 2, and 3). After cats were fed a complete and balanced dry food designed to aid in the management of renal disease for 14 days during a pre-trial period, they were randomly assigned to two fiber treatments for 4 weeks each. The treatment foods were formulated similar to pre-trial food and contained 0.500% betaine, 0.586% oat beta glucan, and either 0.407% short chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) fiber or 3.44% apple pomace. Both treatment foods had similar crude fiber (2.0 and 2.1% for scFOS and apple pomace, respectively) whereas soluble fiber was 0.8 and 1.6%, respectively. At baseline, CKD had very little impact on the fecal metabolome. After feeding both fiber sources, some fecal metabolite concentrations were significantly different compared with baseline. Many fecal uremic toxins decreased, although in healthy cats some increased; and some more so when feeding apple pomace compared with scFOS, e.g., hippurate, 4-hydroxyhippurate, and 4-methylcatechol sulfate; the latter was also increased in CKD cats. Changes in secondary bile acid concentrations were more numerous in healthy compared with CKD cats, and cats in both groups had greater increases in some secondary bile acids after consuming apple pomace compared with scFOS, e.g., tauroursodeoxycholate and hyocholate. Although changes associated with feeding fiber were more significant than changes associated with disease status, differential modulation of the gut-kidney axis using dietary fiber may benefit cats.
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Son DJ, Jung JC, Choi YM, Ryu HY, Lee S, Davis BA. Wheat Extract Oil (WEO) Attenuates UVB-Induced Photoaging via Collagen Synthesis in Human Keratinocytes and Hairless Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020300. [PMID: 31979027 PMCID: PMC7070621 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of wheat extract oil (WEO), standardized to glucosylceramides, for protecting against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced damage of skin barrier function was assessed using the SHK-1 hairless mouse model and two human skin cell lines, namely, CCD-986sk and HeCaT. The ability of repeated oral administration of 30, 60, and 120 mg of WEO/kg/day for 12 weeks to prevent skin damage of SKH-1 hairless mice induced by UVB irradiation was evaluated. The results demonstrated that UVB-induced water evaporation (transepidermal water loss, TEWL) was significantly decreased by WEO. Similarly, UVB-induced losses in moisture and skin elasticity were improved by WEO supplementation. WEO attenuated the tissue procollagen type I, hyaluronic acid (HA), and ceramide reductions induced by UVB treatment as well. Collagen concentrations in skin tissue were increased in the WEO-treated mice, while UVB-induced epidermal thickening was reduced. In vitro studies using HeCaT human keratinocytes confirmed increased HA and collagen synthesis in response to WEO treatment. This may occur via WEO suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), since its induction by UVB treatment was diminished in treated CCD-986sk cells. Oral administration of WEO improves skin barrier function in UVB-irradiated mice by attenuating damage typically observed in photoaging. This research further clarifies the clinical benefits previously observed by dietary WEO consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro 194-21, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Korea;
| | - Jae Chul Jung
- Life Science Research Institute, NOVAREX Co., Ltd., Ochang, Cheongju 28126, Korea; (J.C.J.); (Y.M.C.)
| | - Yong Min Choi
- Life Science Research Institute, NOVAREX Co., Ltd., Ochang, Cheongju 28126, Korea; (J.C.J.); (Y.M.C.)
| | - Hyeon Yeol Ryu
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.Y.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Somin Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, 8, Gaetbeol-ro 145 beon-gil, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.Y.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Barbara A. Davis
- PLT Health Solutions Inc., 119 Headquarters Plaza, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-973-984-0900 (ext. 252)
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Lewkowicz N, Piątek P, Namiecińska M, Domowicz M, Bonikowski R, Szemraj J, Przygodzka P, Stasiołek M, Lewkowicz P. Naturally Occurring Nervonic Acid Ester Improves Myelin Synthesis by Human Oligodendrocytes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080786. [PMID: 31362382 PMCID: PMC6721595 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is regarded as one of the major causes of inefficient remyelination in multiple sclerosis, resulting gradually in disease progression. Oligodendrocytes are derived from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which populate the adult central nervous system, but their physiological capability to myelin synthesis is limited. The low intake of essential lipids for sphingomyelin synthesis in the human diet may account for increased demyelination and the reduced efficiency of the remyelination process. In our study on lipid profiling in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis brain, we revealed that during acute inflammation, nervonic acid synthesis is silenced, which is the effect of shifting the lipid metabolism pathway of common substrates into proinflammatory arachidonic acid production. In the experiments on the human model of maturating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (hOPCs) in vitro, we demonstrated that fish oil mixture (FOM) affected the function of hOPCs, resulting in the improved synthesis of myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and proteolipid protein, as well as sphingomyelin. Additionally, FOM reduces proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and enhances fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis by hOPCs was also demonstrated. Based on these observations, we propose that the intake of FOM rich in the nervonic acid ester may improve OL function, affecting OPC maturation and limiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lewkowicz
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Piątek
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Namiecińska
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Domowicz
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Bonikowski
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Przygodzka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Stasiołek
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Lewkowicz
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Verruck S, Balthazar CF, Rocha RS, Silva R, Esmerino EA, Pimentel TC, Freitas MQ, Silva MC, da Cruz AG, Prudencio ES. Dairy foods and positive impact on the consumer's health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2019; 89:95-164. [PMID: 31351531 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present chapter was to demonstrate the state of the art in the recent advances in nutritional and functional components of dairy products research. In this chapter, the main mechanisms responsible and essential for a better understanding of nutritional and functional values of the components of milk and dairy products are highlighted. It also includes a discussion about the positive impacts of fermented milk, cheese, butter, ice cream, and dairy desserts components on the consumer's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvani Verruck
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Ramon Silva Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, Niterói, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ramon Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Veterinária, Niterói, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcia Cristina Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Gomes da Cruz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Elane Schwinden Prudencio
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Yang T, Yu Q, Xu W, Li DZ, Chen F, Liu A. Transcriptome analysis reveals crucial genes involved in the biosynthesis of nervonic acid in woody Malania oleifera oilseeds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:247. [PMID: 30340521 PMCID: PMC6195686 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malania oleifera Chun et Lee (Olacaceae), an evergreen broad-leaved woody tree native to southwest China, is an important oilseed tree. Its seed oil has a high level of nervonic acid (cis-tetracos-15-enoic acid, over 60%), which is essential for human health. M. oleifera seed oil is a promising source of nervonic acid, but little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying its biosynthesis. RESULTS In this study, we recorded oil accumulation at four stages of seed development. Using a high-throughput RNA-sequencing technique, we obtained 55,843 unigenes, of which 29,176 unigenes were functionally annotated. By comparison, 22,833 unigenes had a two-fold or greater expression at the fast oil accumulation stage than at the initial stage. Of these, 198 unigenes were identified as being functionally involved in diverse lipid metabolism processes (including de novo fatty acid synthesis, carbon chain elongation and modification, and triacylglycerol assembly). Key genes (encoding KCS, KCR, HCD and ECR), putatively responsible for nervonic acid biosynthesis, were isolated and their expression profiles during seed development were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Also, we isolated regulatory factors (such as WRI1, ABI3 and FUS3) that are putatively involved in the regulation of oil biosynthesis and seed development. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel data on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of nervonic acid biosynthesis and oil accumulation in M. oleifera seeds, and will also serve as a starting point for biotechnological genetic engineering for the production of nervonic acid resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianquan Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650204 China
| | - Qian Yu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650204 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650204 China
| | - De-zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650204 China
| | - Fu Chen
- The Camellia Institute, Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224 China
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22
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Kócsó DJ, Szabó-Fodor J, Mézes M, Balogh K, Ferenczi S, Szabó A, Bóta B, Kovács M. Fumonisin B 1 exposure increases Hsp70 expression in the lung and kidney of rats without inducing significant oxidative stress. Acta Vet Hung 2018; 66:394-407. [PMID: 30264617 DOI: 10.1556/004.2018.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine whether fumonisin B1 (FB1) added to the diet of rats in a dose of 50 mg/kg changes the production of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the lungs and kidney of rats. We also studied the effect of this mycotoxin on the antioxidant system of the body. Mature (8 weeks old) male Wistar Crl:WI BR rats (n = 6/group) were fed the toxin-containing diet for 5 days. FB1 resulted in a 7% body weight reduction without significantly changing the feed intake. Western blot analysis of the lungs and kidney demonstrated a substantial (1.4-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively) increase in Hsp70 expression. Alterations could not be detected in the clinical chemical parameters (total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, glucose, creatinine and urea concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase activity). There was no statistically significant change in malondialdehyde concentrations and the measured antioxidant parameters (the amount of reduced glutathione, GSH and glutathione peroxidase activity, GPx) in the blood plasma, lung and kidney tissue. Thus, it can be concluded that FB1 did not induce oxidative stress in the lungs and kidney, but increased Hsp70 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel J. Kócsó
- 1 MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Guba S. u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó-Fodor
- 1 MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Guba S. u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Miklós Mézes
- 1 MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Guba S. u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- 2 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Balogh
- 2 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Szilamér Ferenczi
- 3 Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szabó
- 1 MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Guba S. u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- 2 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Bóta
- 1 MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Guba S. u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Melinda Kovács
- 1 MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Guba S. u. 40, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
- 4 Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
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Characterization of 3-ketoacyl-coA synthase in a nervonic acid producing oleaginous microalgae Mychonastes afer. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Fan Y, Meng HM, Hu GR, Li FL. Biosynthesis of nervonic acid and perspectives for its production by microalgae and other microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3027-3035. [PMID: 29478140 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the treatment of psychotic disorders and neurological development. In the nature, NA has been synthesized by a handful plants, fungi, and microalgae. Although the metabolism of fatty acid has been studied for decades, the biosynthesis of NA has yet to be illustrated. Generally, the biosynthesis of NA is considered starting from oleic acid through fatty acid elongation, in which malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA are firstly condensed by a rate-limiting enzyme 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). Heterologous expression of kcs gene from high NA producing species in plants and yeast has led to synthesis of NA. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that desaturases in a few plants can catalyze very long-chain saturated fatty acid into NA. This review highlights recent advances in the biosynthesis, the sources, and the biotechnological aspects of NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Hu P, Xu X, Yu LL. Interesterified trans-free fats rich in sn-2 nervonic acid prepared using Acer truncatum oil, palm stearin and palm kernel oil, and their physicochemical properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Kuzmenko DI, Klimentyeva TK. Role of Ceramide in Apoptosis and Development of Insulin Resistance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:913-27. [PMID: 27682164 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916090017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review presents data on the functional biochemistry of ceramide, one of the key sphingolipids with properties of a secondary messenger. Molecular mechanisms of the involvement of ceramide in apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells and its role in the formation of insulin resistance in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes are reviewed. One of the main predispositions for the development of insulin resistance and diabetes is obesity, which is associated with ectopic fat deposition and significant increase in intracellular concentrations of cytotoxic ceramides. A possible approach to the restoration of tissue sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes based on selective reduction of the content of cytotoxic ceramides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Kuzmenko
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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27
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Bøgh KL, van Bilsen J, Głogowski R, López-Expósito I, Bouchaud G, Blanchard C, Bodinier M, Smit J, Pieters R, Bastiaan-Net S, de Wit N, Untersmayr E, Adel-Patient K, Knippels L, Epstein MM, Noti M, Nygaard UC, Kimber I, Verhoeckx K, O'Mahony L. Current challenges facing the assessment of the allergenic capacity of food allergens in animal models. Clin Transl Allergy 2016; 6:21. [PMID: 27313841 PMCID: PMC4910256 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-016-0110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a major health problem of increasing concern. The insufficiency of protein sources for human nutrition in a world with a growing population is also a significant problem. The introduction of new protein sources into the diet, such as newly developed innovative foods or foods produced using new technologies and production processes, insects, algae, duckweed, or agricultural products from third countries, creates the opportunity for development of new food allergies, and this in turn has driven the need to develop test methods capable of characterizing the allergenic potential of novel food proteins. There is no doubt that robust and reliable animal models for the identification and characterization of food allergens would be valuable tools for safety assessment. However, although various animal models have been proposed for this purpose, to date, none have been formally validated as predictive and none are currently suitable to test the allergenic potential of new foods. Here, the design of various animal models are reviewed, including among others considerations of species and strain, diet, route of administration, dose and formulation of the test protein, relevant controls and endpoints measured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iván López-Expósito
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute for Food Science Research (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joost Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Pieters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shanna Bastiaan-Net
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Wit
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karine Adel-Patient
- UMR-INRA-CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Leon Knippels
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M Epstein
- Experimental Allergy Laboratory, DIAID, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Noti
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ian Kimber
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zürich, Obere Strasse 22, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
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28
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p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/activator protein-1 involved in serum deprivation-induced human alkaline ceramidase 2 upregulation. Biomed Rep 2014; 3:225-229. [PMID: 25798247 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that serum deprivation upregulated human alkaline ceramidase 2 (haCER2) activity and mRNA in HeLa cells, but the mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, serum deprivation also upregulated haCER2 activity in HepG2 human hepatoma cell line cells due to an increase in haCER2 mRNA, in which mRNA transcription, not mRNA stability, is involved. Furthermore, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway is involved in haCER2 mRNA upregulation by serum deprivation, and this mechanism may explain why haCER2 is upregulated in human liver cancer. In conclusion, p38 MAPK, AP-1 or haCER2 may be used as targets in liver cancer therapy.
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29
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Duttagupta R, DiRienzo S, Jiang R, Bowers J, Gollub J, Kao J, Kearney K, Rudolph D, Dawany NB, Showe MK, Stamato T, Getts RC, Jones KW. Genome-wide maps of circulating miRNA biomarkers for ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31241. [PMID: 22359580 PMCID: PMC3281076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease--comprised of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (UC)--is a complex, multi-factorial inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study we have explored the utility of naturally occurring circulating miRNAs as potential blood-based biomarkers for non-invasive prediction of UC incidences. Whole genome maps of circulating miRNAs in micro-vesicles, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and platelets have been constructed from a cohort of 20 UC patients and 20 normal individuals. Through Significance Analysis of Microarrays, a signature of 31 differentially expressed platelet-derived miRNAs has been identified and biomarker performance estimated through a non-probabilistic binary linear classification using Support Vector Machines. Through this approach, classifier measurements reveal a predictive score of 92.8% accuracy, 96.2% specificity and 89.5% sensitivity in distinguishing UC patients from normal individuals. Additionally, the platelet-derived biomarker signature can be validated at 88% accuracy through qPCR assays, and a majority of the miRNAs in this panel can be demonstrated to sub-stratify into 4 highly correlated intensity based clusters. Analysis of predicted targets of these biomarkers reveal an enrichment of pathways associated with cytoskeleton assembly, transport, membrane permeability and regulation of transcription factors engaged in a variety of regulatory cascades that are consistent with a cell-mediated immune response model of intestinal inflammation. Interestingly, comparison of the miRNA biomarker panel and genetic loci implicated in IBD through genome-wide association studies identifies a physical linkage between hsa-miR-941 and a UC susceptibility loci located on Chr 20. Taken together, analysis of these expression maps outlines a promising catalog of novel platelet-derived miRNA biomarkers of clinical utility and provides insight into the potential biological function of these candidates in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Duttagupta
- Applied Reasearch Group, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon DiRienzo
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rong Jiang
- Applied Reasearch Group, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Bowers
- Research and Development, Genisphere LLC, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Gollub
- Applied Reasearch Group, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Kao
- Applied Reasearch Group, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Keith Kearney
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David Rudolph
- Division of Gastroenterology, Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Noor B. Dawany
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Showe
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tom Stamato
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Getts
- Research and Development, Genisphere LLC, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keith W. Jones
- Applied Reasearch Group, Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, California, United States of America
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30
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Guillou S, Ghabri S, Jannot C, Gaillard E, Lamour I, Boisnic S. The moisturizing effect of a wheat extract food supplement on women's skin: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:138-43. [PMID: 20646083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides, specific lipid components of the skin, represent 35-40% of the intercellular cement binding cells together and contributing to skin hydration. A wheat extract rich in ceramides and digalactosyl-diglycerides was developed by Hitex in two forms: wheat extract oil (WEO) and wheat extract powder (WEP). In vitro tests and two clinical studies demonstrated promising efficacy results with WEP on skin hydration. To confirm these early results, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was carried out on 51 women aged 20-63 years with dry to very dry skin who received either 350 mg of WEO or placebo for 3 months. Evaluation of skin hydration on legs, arms and face, assessed at baseline (D0) and at study end (D84) was performed by the dermatologist using dermatological scores (dryness, roughness, erythema), skin hydration measurement (corneometry) and self-assessment scores (Visual Analogue Scale: VAS). Perceived efficacy was noted by participants throughout the study; tolerability and overall acceptability of the study products were evaluated by the dermatologist and the participants at the end of study. Skin hydration was significantly increased between D0 and D84 on the arms (P < 0.001) and legs (P = 0.012) in the WEO group compared with placebo. Even if no significant statistical differences between groups were observed for the dermatological evaluation, skin dryness and redness tended to be reduced in the WEO group. Moreover, from D0 to D84, the VAS index had a tendency to increase in favour of WEO for the overall skin hydration (P = 0.084) indicating that participants perceived an improvement. The WEO capsules were perceived by participants as being more effective than placebo on all skin dryness signs. In conclusion, WEO capsules were well tolerated and appreciated. After 3 months' treatment, a significant increase in skin hydration and an improvement in associated clinical signs were observed in women with dry skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guillou
- PROCLAIM, Parc d'affaire de la Bretèche, Saint-Grégoire, France
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31
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Habrukowich C, Han DK, Le A, Rezaul K, Pan W, Ghosh M, Li Z, Dodge-Kafka K, Jiang X, Bittman R, Hla T. Sphingosine interaction with acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A) regulates PP2A activity and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26825-26831. [PMID: 20558741 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.147058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites regulate cell fate by acting on specific cellular targets. Although the influence of sphingolipids in cellular signaling has been well recognized, the exact molecular targets and how these targets influence cellular signaling mechanisms remain poorly understood. Toward this goal, we used affinity chromatography coupled with proteomics technology and identified acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a direct target of sphingosine, N,N'-dimethyl sphingosine (DMS) and phytosphingosine but not dihydrosphingosine or sphingosine 1-phosphate. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with DMS, which is not phosphorylated by sphingosine kinases, led to the activation of PP2A activity. Suppression of ANP32A with siRNA enhanced basal and DMS-activated PP2A activity suggesting that the sphingoid base binds to and relieves the inhibitory action of ANP32A on the PP2A complex. Indeed, DMS relieved the ANP32A-mediated inhibition of PP2A enzyme complex in vitro. Interestingly, DMS treatment induced the p38 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 transcript and protein. Knockdown of ANP32A expression further induced p38 SAPK and COX-2. These data identify ANP32A as a novel molecular target of sphingoid bases that regulates cellular signaling events and inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Habrukowich
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3501
| | - David K Han
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3501
| | - Andrew Le
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3501
| | - Karim Rezaul
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3501
| | - Wei Pan
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3501
| | - Zaiguo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, New York 11367
| | - Kimberly Dodge-Kafka
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3501
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
| | - Robert Bittman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, New York 11367
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3501; Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065.
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32
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Taylor DC, Francis T, Guo Y, Brost JM, Katavic V, Mietkiewska E, Michael Giblin E, Lozinsky S, Hoffman T. Molecular cloning and characterization of a KCS gene from Cardamine graeca and its heterologous expression in Brassica oilseeds to engineer high nervonic acid oils for potential medical and industrial use. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2009; 7:925-38. [PMID: 19843251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2009.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid 24:1 Delta15 (cis-tetracos-15-enoic acid) is a very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid and exists in nature as an elongation product of oleic acid. There is an increasing interest in production of high nervonic acid oils for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and industrial applications. Using a polymerase chain reaction approach, we have isolated a gene from Cardamine graeca L., which encodes a 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS), the first component of the elongation complex involved in synthesis of nervonic acid. Expression of the Cardamine KCS in yeast resulted in biosynthesis of nervonic acid, which is not normally present in yeast cells. We transformed Arabidopsis and Brassica carinata with the Cardamine KCS under the control of the seed-specific promoter, napin. The T(3) generations of transgenic Arabidopsis and B. carinata plants expressing the Cardamine KCS showed that seed-specific expression resulted in relatively large comparative increases in nervonic acid proportions in Arabidopsis seed oil, and 15-fold increase in nervonic acid proportions in B. carinata seed oil. The highest nervonic acid level in transgenic B. carinata lines reached 44%, with only 6% of residual erucic acid. In contrast, similar transgenic expression of the Cardamine KCS in high erucic B. napus resulted in 30% nervonic acid but with 20% residual erucic acid. Experiments using the Lunaria KCS gene gave results similar to the latter. In both cases, the erucic acid content is too high for human or animal consumption. Thus, the Cardamine KCS: B. carinata high nervonic/highly reduced erucic transgenic seed oils will be the most suitable for testing in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications to improve human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Taylor
- National Research Council of Canada, Plant Biotechnology Institute, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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33
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Spence A, Jimenez-Flores R, Qian M, Goddik L. The influence of temperature and pressure factors in supercritical fluid extraction for optimizing nonpolar lipid extraction from buttermilk powder. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:458-68. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hu Y, Le Leu RK, Belobrajdic D, Young GP. The potential of sphingomyelin as a chemopreventive agent in AOM-induced colon cancer model: wild-type and p53+/- mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52:558-66. [PMID: 18324704 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A protective effect of sphingolipids on colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported in certain mouse strains. It is unknown if sphingolipids are protective in a p53 deficiency mouse model of CRC. This study investigated the effect of sphingomyelin (SM) on intestinal sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity, colonic epithelial biology and azoxymethane (AOM)-induced CRC. Groups of wild-type (C57BL/6J) and p53+/- mice were fed 0.1% SM diet for 4 wk, administered a single AOM injection and then killed 6 h later to measure apoptosis and proliferation. Separately, both mouse types were fed 0.05% SM diet, administered three AOM injections and killed 33-38 wk later to measure tumour formation. SM significantly increased SMase activity and reduced proliferation (p < 0.05) in wild-type and p53+/- mice. SM did not regulate baseline apoptosis, apoptotic response to AOM or apoptosis in tumours, nor did it restore defective apoptosis in p53+/- mice. There was a nonsignificant trend to reduced tumour incidence with SM in wild-type (p = 0.15) and p53+/- (p = 0.12) mice. In conclusion, while increasing intestinal SMase activity and suppressing proliferation, SM did not promote any form of apoptosis and failed to achieve significant protection in these mice. Further investigation to understand the variable effect of SM in preventing CRC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia.
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35
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Butter making from caprine creams: effect of washing treatment on phospholipids and milk fat globule membrane proteins distribution. J DAIRY RES 2008; 75:439-43. [PMID: 18620616 DOI: 10.1017/s002202990800349x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A washing treatment was applied to caprine cream before churning in order to improve phospholipids and MFGM protein purification from buttermilk and butter serum. Cream obtained from a first separation was diluted with water and separated a second time using pilot plant equipment. Regular and washed creams were churned to produce buttermilk and butter, from which butter serum was extracted. The washing treatment allowed a significant decrease of the casein content. As a result, the phospholipids-to-protein ratios in washed buttermilk and butter serum were markedly increased by 2.1 and 1.7-folds respectively, which represents an advantage for the production of phospholipids concentrates. However, when compared with bovine cream, lower phospholipids-to-protein ratios were observed when the washing treatment was applied to caprine cream. A higher concentration of MFGM protein and a lower retention of phospholipids during washing treatment are responsible for the lower phospholipids-to-protein ratios in buttermilk and butter serum obtained from caprine cream. The phospholipids distribution in the butter making process was similar to the one obtained from bovine regular and washed cream. Phospholipids were preferentially concentrated in the butter serum rather than the buttermilk fraction. This simple approach permitted the production of caprine and bovine butter sera extracts containing up to 180 and 240 g phospholipids/kg sera, respectively, on a dry basis.
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Abstract
Sphingomyelin is a phospholipid located in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of most cells and is a component of the milk fat globule membrane. Sphingomyelin and its digestion products participate in several antiproliferative pathways that may suppress oncogenesis. Although milk and dairy products are important sources of sphingomyelin in the human diet, little is known about factors that influence sphingomyelin concentrations in milk fat or whether concentrations can be modified via the nutrition of cows. Sphingomyelin concentrations were determined in milk from Holstein and Jersey cows matched for parity and stage of lactation. Sphingomyelin was more concentrated in milk fat from Holstein cows than in milk fat from Jersey cows (1,044 vs. 839 microg/g of fat). Concentrations in whole milk did not differ because of greater milk fat content for milk from Jerseys. Differences between breeds may be related to the greater fat globule size in milk from Jerseys. Sphingomyelin content in whole milk increased with increasing days in milk because of associated increases in milk fat content. Regardless of breed, primiparous cows had greater amounts of stearic acid and less palmitic acid in sphingomyelin than did older cows. The sphingomyelin concentration in milk fat of cows in a commercial Jersey herd was lower for cows in their fourth or greater parity. Sphingomyelin content in whole milk was greater for cows in late lactation because of greater milk fat content. Feed restriction of multiparous Holstein cows to 37% of ad libitum dry matter intake increased milk fat content but did not affect milk sphingomyelin content or milk fat globule size. Supplementation of the diet with 4% soybean oil did not affect milk composition, sphingomyelin content, or milk fat globule size. Milk was sampled seasonally from 7 herds throughout Illinois during a 2-yr period. Sphingomyelin concentration in milk fat was greatest during summer and least during winter, but whole milk concentrations did not vary across seasons. We conclude that 1) sphingomyelin content of milk fat is greater in milk from Holsteins than that from Jerseys, 2) sphingomyelin content in whole milk increases with stage of lactation, and 3) sphingomyelin content of milk fat is greater during summer. However, efforts to produce milk with a greater sphingomyelin content through altering management and nutrition are unlikely to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L F Graves
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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37
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Barrenetxe J, Aranguren P, Grijalba A, Martínez-Peñuela JM, Marzo F, Urdaneta E. Effect of dietary quercetin and sphingomyelin on intestinal nutrient absorption and animal growth. Br J Nutr 2007; 95:455-61. [PMID: 16512930 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Research on cancer and other conditions has shown flavonoids and sphingolipids to be food components capable of exerting chemoprotective action. Nevertheless, little is known about their effects on healthy individuals and their potential usefulness as therapeutic agents. The present study examined the possible action of a dietary flavonoid, quercetin, and a sphingolipid, sphingomyelin, as functional foods in healthy animals. In particular, the effect on animal growth of supplementing a conventional diet with one or other of these substances (0·5% quercetin and 0·05% sphingomyelin) was considered. Possible action affecting intestinal physiology was also analysed by measuring the uptake of sugar and dipeptide, mediated by the Na+-dependent sugar transporter SGLT1 and the dipeptide Na+/H+ exchanger PEPT1 respectively, and the activity of related intestinal enzymes such as sucrase, maltase and aminopeptidase N. Both substances seemed to modify small intestinal activity in healthy mice, altering intestinal enzymatic activity and nutrient uptake. These effects observed in the small intestine did not impair normal development of the animals, as no differences in serum biochemical parameters or in organ and body weights were found. The findings should help in elucidating the mechanisms of action of these food components with a view to their possible use in the prevention of certain pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barrenetxe
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, School of Agronomy, Public University of Navarra, Spain
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38
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Kohno M, Momoi M, Oo ML, Paik JH, Lee YM, Venkataraman K, Ai Y, Ristimaki AP, Fyrst H, Sano H, Rosenberg D, Saba JD, Proia RL, Hla T. Intracellular role for sphingosine kinase 1 in intestinal adenoma cell proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:7211-23. [PMID: 16980623 PMCID: PMC1592880 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02341-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (Sphk) enzymes are important in intracellular sphingolipid metabolism as well as in the biosynthesis of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), an extracellular lipid mediator. Here, we show that Sphk1 is expressed and is required for small intestinal tumor cell proliferation in Apc Min/+ mice. Adenoma size but not incidence was dramatically reduced in Apc Min/+ Sphk(-/-) mice. Concomitantly, epithelial cell proliferation in the polyps was significantly attenuated, suggesting that Sphk1 regulates adenoma progression. Although the S1P receptors (S1P1R, S1P2R, and S1P3R) are expressed, polyp incidence or size was unaltered in Apc Min/+ S1p2r(-/-), Apc Min/+ S1p3r(-/-), and Apc Min/+ S1p1r(+/-) bigenic mice. These data suggest that extracellular S1P signaling via its receptors is not involved in adenoma cell proliferation. Interestingly, tissue sphingosine content was elevated in the adenomas of Apc Min/+ Sphk1(-/-) mice, whereas S1P levels were not significantly altered. Concomitantly, epithelial cell proliferation and the expression of the G1/S cell cycle regulator CDK4 and c-myc were diminished in the polyps of Apc Min/+ Sphk1(-/-) mice. In rat intestinal epithelial (RIE) cells in vitro, Sphk1 overexpression enhanced cell cycle traverse at the G1/S boundary. In addition, RIE cells treated with sphingosine but not C6-ceramide exhibited reduced cell proliferation, reduced retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) expression. Our findings suggest that Sphk1 plays a critical role in intestinal tumor cell proliferation and that inhibitors of Sphk1 may be useful in the control of intestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kohno
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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39
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to fumonisins as undesirable substances in animal feed. EFSA J 2005. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2005.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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40
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Noh SK, Koo SI. Egg sphingomyelin lowers the lymphatic absorption of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol in rats. J Nutr 2004; 133:3571-6. [PMID: 14608075 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.11.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that phosphatidylcholine (PC) inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol (CH) in rats. This study was designed to determine whether sphingomyelin (SM), structurally similar to PC, also inhibits the lymphatic absorption of CH. Sprague-Dawley rats with lymph cannulae were infused at 3.0 mL/h for 8 h via a duodenal catheter with a lipid emulsion [33.3 kBq 14C-CH, 20.7 micromol CH, 451.7 micromol triolein, 3.1 micromol alpha-tocopherol (alphaTP), 75.4 nmol retinol and 396.0 micromol sodium taurocholate in 24 mL of PBS (pH, 6.5)], without egg SM (SM0) as control, or with 5.0 micromol/h (SM5) or 10.0 micromol/h (SM10). Egg SM lowered the lymphatic absorption of 14C-CH in a dose dependent manner. Likewise, SM lowered the lymphatic absorptions of alphaTP and fatty acid (oleic acid), whereas it had no effect on retinol absorption. SM at a high dose (SM10) lowered the lymphatic outputs of both PC and SM, whereas there was no such effect at a lower dose (SM5). These results indicate that luminal egg SM has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of CH and other lipids of relatively high hydrophobicity. Our findings suggest that SM, if ingested in sufficient amounts, may inhibit the intestinal absorption of dietary lipids including cholesterol and alphaTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang K Noh
- Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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41
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Hoolihan L. Beyond Calcium: The Protective Attributes of Dairy Products and Their Constituents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 39:69-77. [PMID: 15100496 DOI: 10.1097/00017285-200403000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods are gaining in popularity as consumers are living longer and are seeking to reduce disease and optimize their health through diet. Dairy products and their components are one category of foods under investigation for their functional attributes. Recent research suggests the health benefits of consuming dairy foods may extend well beyond bone health to enhancing the immune system, reducing risks of some chronic diseases, and regulating body weight. This article examines the associated components of dairy foods and the evidence for these putative health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Hoolihan
- Lori Hoolihan, PhD, RD, is a Nutrition Research Specialist at the Dairy Council of California in Irvine
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42
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Duan RD, Cheng Y, Hansen G, Hertervig E, Liu JJ, Syk I, Sjostrom H, Nilsson A. Purification, localization, and expression of human intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:1241-50. [PMID: 12671034 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m300037-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) metabolism in the gut may have an impact on colon cancer development. In this study, we purified alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) from human intestinal content, and studied its location in the mucosa, expression in colon cancer, and function on colon cancer cells. The enzyme was purified by a series of chromatographies. The molecular mass of the enzyme is 60 kDa, optimal pH is 8.5, and isoelectric point is 6.6. Under optimal conditions, 1 mg of the enzyme hydrolyzed 11 mM SM per hour. The properties of the enzyme are similar to those of rat intestinal alk-SMase but not to those of bacterial neutral SMase. Immunogold electronmicroscopy identified the enzyme on the microvillar membrane in endosome-like structures and in the Golgi complexes of human enterocytes. The expression and the activity of the enzyme were decreased in parallel in human colon cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissue. The enzyme inhibited DNA biosynthesis and cell proliferation dose dependently and caused a reduction of SM in HT29 cells. Intestinal alk-SMase is localized in the enterocytes, down-regulated in human colon cancer, and may have antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Dong Duan
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Biomedical Center, B11, University of Lund, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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43
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Carratù MR, Cassano T, Coluccia A, Borracci P, Cuomo V. Antinutritional effects of fumonisin B1 and pathophysiological consequences. Toxicol Lett 2003; 140-141:459-63. [PMID: 12676494 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to its structural similarity with sphingosine, fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) inhibits ceramide synthase (a key enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis) leading to an intracellular accumulation of sphingoid bases with a consequent increase of sphinganine/sphingosine (SA/SO) ratio. In adult male rats, dietary exposure to fumonisin induces a significant increase in both SA concentrations and SA/SO ratio in kidney, but not in liver and brain, as well as a significant reduction of body weight gain. Regarding the brain, the developing rat is more sensitive to FB(1) than the adult rat. FB(1) treatment produces in the forebrain and brainstem: (i) an increase in SA levels and SA/SO ratio, (ii) a reduction in myelin deposition, and (iii) an impairment of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) activity. FB(1) effects on myelin are similar to those produced by starvation (temporary removal of pups from dam during postnatal period), thus suggesting that hypomyelination could be due, at least partly, to a nutritional deficiency. Finally, FB(1) reduces the uptake of folate in different cell lines. The resulting folate deficiency could explain the association of FB(1) exposure with neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Carratù
- Department of Pharmacology and Human Physiology, Medical School, University of Bari, Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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44
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Exon JH, South EH. Effects of sphingomyelin on aberrant colonic crypt foci development, colon crypt cell proliferation and immune function in an aging rat tumor model. Food Chem Toxicol 2003; 41:471-6. [PMID: 12615120 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SPM) was assessed in older rats for in vivo effects on multiple immune responses and the development of colon preneoplastic lesions. Fifty-four-week-old rats were injected with 10 mg/kg body weight of the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM), and then treated with 35 mg/kg body weight SPM orally for 6 weeks beginning 6 weeks after AOM treatment. None of the immune functions tested (antibody formation, delayed-type hypersensitivity or natural killer cell cytotoxicity) were significantly affected by SPM treatment. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was, however, decreased in all rats that were treated with AOM. There was a tendency for decreased aberrant crypt foci (ACF) numbers in the SPM-treated rats but this reduction was only significant for the largest lesions (> nine crypts per foci). The decreased ACF numbers were most evident in the proximal end of the colon. Colonic crypt cell proliferation was also decreased in SPM treated rats. This reduction was primarily in the base of the crypt column. Also, low numbers of ACF developed spontaneously in rats not treated with AOM, but no ACF were present in non-AOM rats that also received SPM. It appears that SPM may have effects on the post-initiation development of preneoplastic lesions in the rat colon but not on the immune functions assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Exon
- Department of Food Science and Toxicology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2201, USA.
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45
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Sphingomyelin and ceramide in brain aging, neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-3124(03)12006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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46
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Sang S, Kikuzaki H, Lapsley K, Rosen RT, Nakatani N, Ho CT. Sphingolipid and other constituents from almond nuts (Prunus amygdalus Batsch). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:4709-4712. [PMID: 12137501 DOI: 10.1021/jf020262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One sphingolipid, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, and four other constituents, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, uridine, and adenosine, have been isolated from the nuts of almond (Prunus amygdalus). Complete assignments of the proton and carbon chemical shifts for the sphingolipid were accomplished on the basis of high-resolution 1D and 2D NMR data. All of these compounds are being reported from almond nuts (P. amygdalus)for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Sang
- Department of Food Science and Center for Advanced Food Technology, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA
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47
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Ghanevati M, Jaworski JG. Engineering and mechanistic studies of the Arabidopsis FAE1 beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, FAE1 KCS. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:3531-9. [PMID: 12135493 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.03039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis FAE1 beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (FAE1 KCS) catalyzes the condensation of malonyl-CoA with long-chain acyl-CoAs. Sequence analysis of FAE1 KCS predicted that this condensing enzyme is anchored to a membrane by two adjacent N-terminal membrane-spanning domains. In order to characterize the FAE1 KCS and analyze its mechanism, FAE1 KCS and its mutants were engineered with a His6-tag at their N-terminus, and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The membrane-bound enzyme was then solubilized and purified to near homogeneity on a metal affinity column. Wild-type recombinant FAE1 KCS was active with several acyl-CoA substrates, with highest activity towards saturated and monounsaturated C16 and C18. In the absence of an acyl-CoA substrate, FAE1 KCS was unable to carry out decarboxylation of [3-(14)C]malonyl-CoA, indicating that it requires binding of the acyl-CoA for decarboxylation activity. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out on the FAE1 KCS to assess if this condensing enzyme was mechanistically related to the well characterized soluble condensing enzymes of fatty acid and flavonoid syntheses. A C223A mutant enzyme lacking the acylation site was unable to carry out decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA even when 18:1-CoA was present. Mutational analyses of the conserved Asn424 and His391 residues indicated the importance of these residues for FAE1-KCS activity. The results presented here provide the initial analysis of the reaction mechanism for a membrane-bound condensing enzyme from any source and provide evidence for a mechanism similar to the soluble condensing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Ghanevati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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48
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Kim MS, Lee DY, Wang T, Schroeder JJ. Fumonisin B(1) induces apoptosis in LLC-PK(1) renal epithelial cells via a sphinganine- and calmodulin-dependent pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 176:118-26. [PMID: 11601888 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fumonisins are a family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme, which is the most common mold found on corn throughout the world. These compounds are both toxic and carcinogenic for animals, and perhaps humans, with the kidney being the most sensitive organ to fumonisin toxicity. The molecular mechanism of fumonisin toxicity appears to involve disruption of de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids and accumulation of sphinganine. The goals of this study were to determine whether fumonisin B(1) kills LLC-PK(1) renal kidney epithelial cells by inducing apoptosis and to identify genes affected by sphinganine that mediate fumonisin B(1)-induced cell death. Fumonisin B(1) produced morphological changes (i.e., cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing) and time-dependent increases in DNA fragmentation demonstrating that the toxin induces apoptosis. Simultaneously, fumonisin B(1) blocked sphingolipid biosynthesis and caused accumulation of sphinganine. To further investigate the role of sphinganine in fumonisin B(1)-induced apoptosis, beta-fluoroalanine (betaFA) was used to inhibit serine palmitoyltransferase, which catalyzes an earlier step in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. betaFA blocked sphinganine accumulation and prevented fumonisin B(1)-induced DNA fragmentation, confirming that apoptosis induced by fumonisin B(1) is dependent upon accumulation of sphinganine. To examine gene expression, differential display reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was applied to RNA isolated after 16 h of exposure to fumonisin B(1). Differential expression in response to fumonisin B(1) of a gene identified as calmodulin has been verified by Northern analysis. Sphinganine appears to mediate the effect because betaFA reduces induction of calmodulin mRNA by fumonisin B(1). Fumonisin B(1) also increases calmodulin protein in a concentration-dependent manner and the calmodulin antagonist W7 blocks fumonisin B(1)-induced DNA fragmentation, supporting a role for calmodulin in fumonisin B(1)-induced apoptosis. In contrast, fumonisin B(1) had no effect on expression of bcl-2 family genes (bax, bcl-2, and bcl-x). These findings demonstrate that fumonisin B(1) kills LLC-PK(1) kidney cells by inducing apoptosis. Further, the results establish a sequence of events for fumonisin B(1)-induced apoptosis involving initial disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and accumulation of sphinganine (or a metabolite), which, in turn, induces expression of calmodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824-1224, USA
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49
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Solfrizzo M, Carratu MR, Avantaggiato G, Galvano F, Pietri A, Visconti A. Ineffectiveness of activated carbon in reducing the alteration of sphingolipid metabolism in rats exposed to fumonisin-contaminated diets. Food Chem Toxicol 2001; 39:507-11. [PMID: 11313118 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphinganine/sphingosine (SA/SO) ratio, a biomarker of fumonisin exposure, has been measured in urine, kidney and liver of male Wistar rats exposed to fumonisin-contaminated diet with and without the addition of activated carbon (AC). The latter was previously shown to adsorb fumonisin B(1) in vitro. Rats were fed either control diet or fumonisin-contaminated diet (4 microg FB(1+)FB(2)/g) or fumonisin-contaminated diet mixed with 20 mg AC/g diet for 1 week. In rats fed fumonisin-contaminated diet, the SA concentration and SA/SO ratio increased significantly and reversibly in kidney, while urine and liver did not show a significant increase of SA/SO ratio. The addition of AC to the fumonisin-contaminated diet did not alter the change of SA/SO biomarker for fumonisin exposure. This provides indications that the use of AC to reduce the toxicity of fumonisins is unlikely to be effective in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solfrizzo
- Istituto Tossine e Micotossine da Parassiti Vegetali, CNR, V.le L. Einaudi, 51-70125, Bari, Italy.
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50
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Abstract
A range of compounds in or derived from the diet modulates apoptosis in cell cultures in vitro. These observations have important implications concerning the mechanisms whereby dietary components affect health. Proapoptotic compounds could protect against cancer by enhancing elimination of initiated, precancerous cells, and antiapoptotic compounds could promote tumor formation by inhibiting apoptosis in genetically damaged cells. Proapoptotic compounds could also contribute to age-related degenerative diseases by activating cell death in postmitotic cells or shifting the normal balance of mitosis and apoptosis in tissues with regenerative capacity. Many age-related diseases, for example macular degeneration and Parkinson's disease, appear to have oxidative stress as an underlying component that interacts with genetic, dietary, and environmental factors to determine relative risk in an individual. Oxidative stress activates apoptosis, and antioxidants protect against apoptosis in vitro; thus, a central role of dietary antioxidants may be to protect against apoptosis. However, little in vivo data are available to directly link diet with altered apoptosis as an underlying determinant of disease. Moreover, the possible antagonistic effects of different dietary components and the uncertainty about whether proapoptotic compounds that may protect against cancer could contribute to degenerative diseases and vice versa indicate that there is a great need for better in vivo assessment of apoptosis and that caution should be exercised when extrapolating in vitro data on apoptosis to in vivo dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Watson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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