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Yang L, Chen R, Melendy T, Goodison S, Sun Y. Identifying Significantly Perturbed Subnetworks in Cancer Using Multiple Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4090. [PMID: 37627118 PMCID: PMC10452419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of cancer driver genes and key molecular pathways has been the focus of large-scale cancer genome studies. Network-based methods detect significantly perturbed subnetworks as putative cancer pathways by incorporating genomics data with the topological information of PPI networks. However, commonly used PPI networks have distinct topological structures, making the results of the same method vary widely when applied to different networks. Furthermore, emerging context-specific PPI networks often have incomplete topological structures, which pose serious challenges for existing subnetwork detection algorithms. METHODS In this paper, we propose a novel method, referred to as MultiFDRnet, to address the above issues. The basic idea is to model a set of PPI networks as a multiplex network to preserve the topological structure of individual networks, while introducing dependencies among them, and, then, to detect significantly perturbed subnetworks on the modeled multiplex network using all the structural information simultaneously. RESULTS To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an extensive benchmark analysis was conducted on both simulated and real cancer data. The experimental results showed that the proposed method is able to detect significantly perturbed subnetworks jointly supported by multiple PPI networks and to identify novel modular structures in context-specific PPI networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (L.Y.); (R.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Runpu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (L.Y.); (R.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas Melendy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (L.Y.); (R.C.); (T.M.)
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (L.Y.); (R.C.); (T.M.)
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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2
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Murakami K, Furuya H, Hokutan K, Goodison S, Pagano I, Chen R, Shen CH, Chan MWY, Ng CF, Kobayashi T, Ogawa O, Miyake M, Thornquist M, Shimizu Y, Hayashi K, Wang Z, Yu H, Rosser CJ. Association of SNPs in the PAI1 Gene with Disease Recurrence and Clinical Outcome in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4943. [PMID: 36902377 PMCID: PMC10003630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide and is characterized by a high rate of recurrence. In previous studies, we and others have described the functional influence of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1) in bladder cancer development. While polymorphisms in PAI1 have been associated with increased risk and worsened prognosis in some cancers, the mutational status of PAI1 in human bladder tumors has not been well defined. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the mutational status of PAI1 in a series of independent cohorts, comprised of a total of 660 subjects. RESULTS Sequencing analyses identified two clinically relevant 3' untranslated region (UTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PAI1 (rs7242; rs1050813). Somatic SNP rs7242 was present in human BCa cohorts (overall incidence of 72%; 62% in Caucasians and 72% in Asians). In contrast, the overall incidence of germline SNP rs1050813 was 18% (39% in Caucasians and 6% in Asians). Furthermore, Caucasian patients with at least one of the described SNPs had worse recurrence-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.03 and p = 0.03, respectively). In vitro functional studies demonstrated that SNP rs7242 increased the anti-apoptotic effect of PAI1, and SNP rs1050813 was related to a loss of contact inhibition associated with cellular proliferation when compared to wild type. CONCLUSION Further investigation of the prevalence and potential downstream influence of these SNPs in bladder cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Murakami
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kanani Hokutan
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Runpu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Michael W. Y. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan
| | - Chi Fai Ng
- SH Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara 6348522, Japan
| | - Mark Thornquist
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yoshiko Shimizu
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Kazukuni Hayashi
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Herbert Yu
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Charles J. Rosser
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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3
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Humphry N, Jones M, Goodison S, Carter B, Hewitt J. The Effect of Sarcopenia on Postoperative Outcomes Following Emergency Laparotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Frailty Aging 2023; 12:305-310. [PMID: 38008981 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2023.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Emergency laparotomy procedures have high rates of postoperative mortality and morbidity in older patient. Sarcopenia is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in elective surgeries and there is growing evidence for its use as a risk predictor in the emergency setting. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on postoperative mortality and morbidity following emergency laparotomy. Five electronic databases were systematically searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science) from conception until the 14th February 2022. All prospective cohort studies were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa score. Pooled meta-analyses were estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel and inverse-generic variance method for mortality and morbidity outcomes. Eleven retrospective cohort studies were included, of which ten were included in the meta-analysis comprising of 3492 patients (1027 sarcopenic, 2465 non-sarcopenic). The study level incidence of sarcopenia ranged from 24.6 to 50.3% with a median rate of 25.1%. Sarcopenia was associated with increased 30-day mortality (OR 2.36, 95% CI, 1.66, 3.37, I2 = 43%), 90-day mortality (OR 2.51, 95% CI, 1.79, 3.52, I2 = 0%), and length of hospital stay (in days) (MD 1.18, 95% CI, 0.42, 1.94, I2 = 0%, P=0.002), but not incidence of postoperative major complications (OR 1.49, 95% CI, 0.86, 2.56, I2 = 70%, P = 0.15). Sarcopenia predicts poor outcomes following emergency laparotomy. We suggest assessment of sarcopenia should be incorporated into acute surgical assessment to identify high risk patients and inform clinical decision-making prior to an emergency laparotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Humphry
- Dr Nia Humphry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom, , Telephone number: +447815913222
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4
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Chen J, Yang L, Li L, Goodison S, Sun Y. Alignment-free comparison of metagenomics sequences via approximate string matching. Bioinform Adv 2022; 2:vbac077. [PMID: 36388153 PMCID: PMC9645238 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Summary Quantifying pairwise sequence similarities is a key step in metagenomics studies. Alignment-free methods provide a computationally efficient alternative to alignment-based methods for large-scale sequence analysis. Several neural network-based methods have recently been developed for this purpose. However, existing methods do not perform well on sequences of varying lengths and are sensitive to the presence of insertions and deletions. In this article, we describe the development of a new method, referred to as AsMac that addresses the aforementioned issues. We proposed a novel neural network structure for approximate string matching for the extraction of pertinent information from biological sequences and developed an efficient gradient computation algorithm for training the constructed neural network. We performed a large-scale benchmark study using real-world data that demonstrated the effectiveness and potential utility of the proposed method. Availability and implementation The open-source software for the proposed method and trained neural-network models for some commonly used metagenomics marker genes were developed and are freely available at www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~yijunsun/lab/AsMac.html. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- To whom correspondence should be addressed.
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Chen R, Pagano I, Sun Y, Murakami K, Goodison S, Vairavan R, Tahsin M, Black PC, Rosser CJ, Furuya H. A Diagnostic Gene Expression Signature for Bladder Cancer Can Stratify Cases into Prescribed Molecular Subtypes and Predict Outcome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081801. [PMID: 35892512 PMCID: PMC9332739 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a biologically heterogeneous disease with variable clinical presentations, outcomes and responses to therapy. Thus, the clinical utility of single biomarkers for the detection and prediction of biological behavior of bladder cancer is limited. We have previously identified and validated a bladder cancer diagnostic signature composed of 10 biomarkers, which has been incorporated into a multiplex immunoassay bladder cancer test, Oncuria™. In this study, we evaluate whether these 10 biomarkers can assist in the prediction of bladder cancer clinical outcomes. Tumor gene expression and patient survival data from bladder cancer cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. Alignment between the mRNA expression of 10 biomarkers and the TCGA 2017 subtype classification was assessed. Kaplan-Meier analysis of multiple gene expression datasets indicated that high expression of the combined 10 biomarkers correlated with a significant reduction in overall survival. The analysis of three independent, publicly available gene expression datasets confirmed that multiplex prognostic models outperformed single biomarkers. In total, 8 of the 10 biomarkers from the Oncuria™ test were significantly associated with either luminal or basal molecular subtypes, and thus, the test has the potential to assist in the prediction of clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runpu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
| | - Ian Pagano
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (K.M.); (C.J.R.)
| | - Steve Goodison
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | | | - Malak Tahsin
- DiaCarta Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA; (R.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Peter C. Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Charles J. Rosser
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (K.M.); (C.J.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corp., Los Angeles, CA 90010, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (K.M.); (C.J.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-310-423-4607
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Murakami K, Kamat AM, Dai Y, Pagano I, Chen R, Sun Y, Gupta A, Goodison S, Rosser CJ, Furuya H. Application of a multiplex urinalysis test for the prediction of intravesical BCG treatment response: A pilot study. Cancer Biomark 2022; 33:151-157. [PMID: 34511488 PMCID: PMC8925124 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine that acts as a non-specific immune system stimulant, is the most effective adjuvant treatment for patients with intermediate or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, to date, there are no reliable tests that are predictive of BCG treatment response. In this study, we evaluated the performance of OncuriaTM, a bladder cancer detection test, to predict response to intravesical BCG. METHODS OncuriaTM data was evaluated in voided urine samples obtained from a prospectively collected cohort of 64 subjects with intermediate or high risk NMIBC prior to treatment with intravesical BCG. The OncuriaTM test, which measures 10 cancer-associated biomarkers was performed in an independent clinical laboratory. The ability of the test to identify those patients in whom BCG is ineffective against tumor recurrence was tested. Predictive models were derived using supervised learning and cross-validation analyses. Model performance was assessed using ROC curves. RESULTS Pre-treatment urinary concentrations of MMP9, VEGFA, CA9, SDC1, PAI1, APOE, A1AT, ANG and MMP10 were increased in patients who developed disease recurrence. A combinatorial predictive model of treatment outcome achieved an AUROC 0.89 [95% CI: 0.80-0.99], outperforming any single biomarker, with a test sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 84.9%. Hazard ratio analysis revealed that patients with higher urinary levels of ANG, CA9 and MMP10 had a significantly higher risk of disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring the urinary levels of a cancer-associated biomarker panel enabled the discrimination of patients who did not respond to intravesical BCG therapy. With further study, the multiplex OncuriaTM test may be applicable for the clinical evaluation of bladder cancer patients considering intravesical BCG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Murakami
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashish M. Kamat
- Department of Urology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Runpu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Amit Gupta
- Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Charles J. Rosser
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Hirasawa Y, Pagano I, Chen R, Sun Y, Dai Y, Gupta A, Tikhonenkov S, Goodison S, Rosser CJ, Furuya H. Diagnostic performance of Oncuria™, a urinalysis test for bladder cancer. J Transl Med 2021; 19:141. [PMID: 33823873 PMCID: PMC8025333 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to insufficient accuracy, urine-based assays currently have a limited role in the management of patients with bladder cancer. The identification of multiplex molecular signatures associated with disease has the potential to address this deficiency and to assist with accurate, non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring. METHODS To evaluate the performance of Oncuria™, a multiplex immunoassay for bladder detection in voided urine samples. The test was evaluated in a multi-institutional cohort of 362 prospectively collected subjects presenting for bladder cancer evaluation. The parallel measurement of 10 biomarkers (A1AT, APOE, ANG, CA9, IL8, MMP9, MMP10, PAI1, SDC1 and VEGFA) was performed in an independent clinical laboratory. The ability of the test to identify patients harboring bladder cancer was assessed. Bladder cancer status was confirmed by cystoscopy and tissue biopsy. The association of biomarkers and demographic factors was evaluated using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and predictive models were derived using supervised learning and cross-validation analyses. Diagnostic performance was assessed using ROC curves. RESULTS The combination of the 10 biomarkers provided an AUROC 0.93 [95% CI 0.87-0.98], outperforming any single biomarker. The addition of demographic data (age, sex, and race) into a hybrid signature improved the diagnostic performance AUROC 0.95 [95% CI 0.90-1.00]. The hybrid signature achieved an overall sensitivity of 0.93, specificity of 0.93, PPV of 0.65 and NPV of 0.99 for bladder cancer classification. Sensitivity values of the diagnostic panel for high-grade bladder cancer, low-grade bladder cancer, MIBC and NMIBC were 0.94, 0.89, 0.97 and 0.93, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Urinary levels of a biomarker panel enabled the accurate discrimination of bladder cancer patients and controls. The multiplex Oncuria™ test can achieve the efficient and accurate detection and monitoring of bladder cancer in a non-invasive patient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hirasawa
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Runpu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Amit Gupta
- Division of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergei Tikhonenkov
- Translational and Clinical Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Nonagen Bioscience Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Yang L, Chen R, Goodison S, Sun Y. An efficient and effective method to identify significantly perturbed subnetworks in cancer. Nat Comput Sci 2021; 1:79-88. [PMID: 37346964 PMCID: PMC10284573 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-020-00009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The identification of key functional biological networks from high-dimensional genomics data is pivotal for cancer research. Here, we introduce FDRnet, a method for the detection of molecular subnetworks in cancer, which addresses several challenges in pathway analysis. FDRnet detects key subnetworks by solving a mixed-integer linear programming problem, using a given upper bound of false discovery rate (FDR) as a budget constraint, and minimizing a conductance score to find dense subgraphs around seed genes. A large-scale benchmark study was performed on both simulation and cancer genomics data. FDRnet outperformed other methods in the ability to detect functionally homogeneous subnetworks in a scale-free biological network, to control FDRs of the genes in detected subnetworks, to improve computational efficiency and to integrate multi-omics data. By overcoming the limitations of existing approaches, FDRnet can facilitate the detection of key functional pathways in cancer and other genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Runpu Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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9
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Chen R, Yang L, Goodison S, Sun Y. Deep-learning approach to identifying cancer subtypes using high-dimensional genomic data. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:1476-1483. [PMID: 31603461 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cancer subtype classification has the potential to significantly improve disease prognosis and develop individualized patient management. Existing methods are limited by their ability to handle extremely high-dimensional data and by the influence of misleading, irrelevant factors, resulting in ambiguous and overlapping subtypes. RESULTS To address the above issues, we proposed a novel approach to disentangling and eliminating irrelevant factors by leveraging the power of deep learning. Specifically, we designed a deep-learning framework, referred to as DeepType, that performs joint supervised classification, unsupervised clustering and dimensionality reduction to learn cancer-relevant data representation with cluster structure. We applied DeepType to the METABRIC breast cancer dataset and compared its performance to state-of-the-art methods. DeepType significantly outperformed the existing methods, identifying more robust subtypes while using fewer genes. The new approach provides a framework for the derivation of more accurate and robust molecular cancer subtypes by using increasingly complex, multi-source data. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION An open-source software package for the proposed method is freely available at http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~yijunsun/lab/DeepType.html. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runpu Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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10
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Goodison S, Sherman ME, Sun Y. Computational disease progression modeling can provide insights into cancer evolution. Oncoscience 2020; 7:21-22. [PMID: 32426418 PMCID: PMC7217135 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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11
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Chen R, Goodison S, Sun Y. Molecular Profiles of Matched Primary and Metastatic Tumor Samples Support a Linear Evolutionary Model of Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 80:170-174. [PMID: 31744819 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of accumulating genomic data with respect to tumor evolution and cancer progression requires integrated models. We developed a computational approach that enables the construction of disease progression models using static sample data. Application to breast cancer data revealed a linear, branching evolutionary model with two distinct trajectories for malignant progression. Here, we used the progression model as a foundation to investigate the relationships between matched primary and metastasis breast tumor samples. Mapping paired data onto the model confirmed that molecular breast cancer subtypes can shift during progression and supported directional tumor evolution through luminal subtypes to increasingly malignant states. Cancer progression modeling through the analysis of available static samples represents a promising breakthrough. Further refinement of a roadmap of breast cancer progression will facilitate the development of improved cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and targeted therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: Analysis of matched primary and metastatic tumor samples supports a unidirectional, linear cancer evolution process and sheds light on longstanding issues regarding the origins of molecular subtypes and their progression relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runpu Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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12
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Miyake M, Furuya H, Onishi S, Hokutan K, Anai S, Chan O, Shi S, Fujimoto K, Goodison S, Cai W, Rosser CJ. Monoclonal Antibody against CXCL1 (HL2401) as a Novel Agent in Suppressing IL6 Expression and Tumoral Growth. Theranostics 2019; 9:853-867. [PMID: 30809313 PMCID: PMC6376461 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), an inflammatory protein, has been reported to be up-regulated in many human cancers. The mechanisms through which aberrant cellular CXCL1 levels promote specific steps in tumor growth and progression are unknown. Methods: We described the anticancer effects and mechanism of action of HL2401, a monoclonal antibody directed at CXCL1 with in vitro and in vivo data on bladder and prostate cancers. Results: HL2401 inhibited proliferation and invasion of bladder and prostate cells along with disrupting endothelial sprouting in vitro. Furthermore, novel mechanistic investigations revealed that CXCL1 expression stimulated interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and repressed tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4). Systemic administration of HL2401 in mice bearing bladder and prostate xenograft tumors retarded tumor growth through the inhibition of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis along with an induction of apoptosis. Our findings reveal a previously undocumented relationship between CXCL1, IL6 and TIMP4 in solid tumor biology. Principal conclusions: Taken together, our results argue that CXCL1 plays an important role in sustaining the growth of bladder and prostate tumors via up-regulation of IL6 and down-regulation of TIMP4. Targeting these critical interactions with a CXCL1 monoclonal antibody offers a novel strategy to therapeutically manage bladder and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Nara Medical University, Department of Urology, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideki Furuya
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Sayuri Onishi
- Nara Medical University, Department of Urology, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanani Hokutan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Nara Medical University, Department of Urology, Nara, Japan
| | - Owen Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charles J. Rosser
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Jacksonville, Florida
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13
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Shimizu Y, Furuya H, Tamashiro PM, Iino K, Chan OTM, Goodison S, Pagano I, Hokutan K, Peres R, Loo LWM, Hernandez B, Naing A, Chong CDK, Rosser CJ, Kawamori T. Genetic deletion of sphingosine kinase 1 suppresses mouse breast tumor development in an HER2 transgenic model. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:47-55. [PMID: 28968647 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sphingolipid metabolism has been reported to promote breast cancer progression. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is a key metabolic enzyme for the formation of pro-survival S1P from pro-apoptotic ceramide. The role of SphK1 in breast cancer has been well studied in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer; however, its role in human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we show that genetic deletion of SphK1 significantly reduced mammary tumor development with reduced tumor incidence and multiplicity in the MMTV-neu transgenic mouse model. Gene expression analysis revealed significant reduction of claudin-2 (CLDN2) expression in tumors from SphK1 deficient mice, suggesting that CLDN2 may mediate SphK1's function. It is remarkable that SphK1 deficiency in HER2-positive breast cancer model inhibited tumor formation by the different mechanism from ER-positive breast cancer. In vitro experiments demonstrated that overexpression of SphK1 in ER-/PR-/HER2+ human breast cancer cells enhanced cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, immunostaining of SphK1 and CLDN2 in HER2-positive human breast tumors revealed a correlation in high-grade disease. Taken together, these findings suggest that SphK1 may play a pivotal role in HER2-positive breast carcinogenesis. Targeting SphK1 may represent a novel approach for HER2-positive breast cancer chemoprevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Shimizu
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Kayoko Iino
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Owen T M Chan
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ian Pagano
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kanani Hokutan
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rafael Peres
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lenora W M Loo
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Brenda Hernandez
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clayton D K Chong
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Toshihiko Kawamori
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Shonan Medical Clinic, Sonezakishinnchi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Urquidi V, Netherton M, Gomes-Giacoia E, Serie DJ, Eckel-Passow J, Rosser CJ, Goodison S. A microRNA biomarker panel for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86290-86299. [PMID: 27863434 PMCID: PMC5349914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of accurate, non-invasive urinary assays for bladder cancer would greatly facilitate the detection and management of a disease that has a high rate of recurrence and progression. In this study, we employed a discovery and validation strategy to identify microRNA signatures that can perform as a non-invasive bladder cancer diagnostic assay. Expression profiling of 754 human microRNAs (TaqMan low density arrays) was performed on naturally voided urine samples from a cohort of 85 subjects of known bladder disease status (27 with active BCa). A panel of 46 microRNAs significantly associated with bladder cancer were subsequently monitored in an independent cohort of 121 subjects (61 with active BCa) using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Multivariable modeling identified a 25-target diagnostic signature that predicted the presence of BCa with an estimated sensitivity of 87% at a specificity of 100% (AUC 0.982). With additional validation, the monitoring of a urinary microRNA biomarker panel could facilitate the non-invasive evaluation of patients under investigation for BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandy Netherton
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Serie
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | | | - Charles J Rosser
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
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15
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Urquidi V, Netherton M, Gomes-Giacoia E, Serie D, Eckel-Passow J, Rosser CJ, Goodison S. Urinary mRNA biomarker panel for the detection of urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38731-38740. [PMID: 27231851 PMCID: PMC5122424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of bladder cancer is important as the disease has a high rate of recurrence and progression. The development of accurate, non-invasive urinary assays would greatly facilitate detection. In previous studies, we have reported the discovery and initial validation of mRNA biomarkers that may be applicable in this context. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of proposed molecular signatures in an independent cohort. Forty-four mRNA transcripts were monitored blindly in urine samples obtained from a cohort of 196 subjects with known bladder disease status (89 with active BCa) using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Statistical analyses defined associations of individual biomarkers with clinical data and the performance of predictive multivariate models was assessed using ROC curves. The majority of the candidate mRNA targets were confirmed as being associated with the presence of BCa over other clinical variables. Multivariate models identified an optimal 18-gene diagnostic signature that predicted the presence of BCa with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 88% (AUC 0.935). Analysis of mRNA signatures in naturally micturated urine samples can provide valuable information for the evaluation of patients under investigation for BCa. Additional refinement and validation of promising multi-target signatures will support the development of accurate assays for the non-invasive detection and monitoring of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Urquidi
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mandy Netherton
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Daniel Serie
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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16
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Masuda N, Ogawa O, Park M, Liu AY, Goodison S, Dai Y, Kozai L, Furuya H, Lotan Y, Rosser CJ, Kobayashi T. Meta-analysis of a 10-plex urine-based biomarker assay for the detection of bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7101-7111. [PMID: 29467953 PMCID: PMC5805539 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A 10-plex urine-based bladder cancer (BCa) diagnostic signature has the potential to non-invasively predict the presence of BCa in at-risk patients, as reported in various case-control studies. The present meta-analysis was performed to re-evaluate and demonstrate the robustness and consistency of the diagnostic utility of the 10-plex urine-based diagnostic assay. We re-analyzed primary data collected in five previously published case-control studies on the 10-plex diagnostic assay. Studies reported the sensitivity and specificity of ten urinary protein biomarkers for the detection of BCa, including interleukin 8, matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 10, angiogenin, apolipoprotein E, syndecan 1, alpha-1 antitrypsin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, carbonic anhydrase 9, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. Data were extracted and reviewed independently by two investigators. Log odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to determine how strongly the 10-plex biomarker panel and individual biomarkers are associated with the presence of BCa. Data pooled from 1,173 patients were analyzed. The log OR for each biomarker was improved by 1.5 or greater with smaller 95% CI in our meta-analysis of the overall cohort compared with each analysis of an individual cohort. The combination of the ten biomarkers showed a higher log OR (log OR: 3.46, 95% CI: 2.60–4.31) than did any single biomarker irrespective of histological grade or disease stage of tumors. We concluded that the 10-plex BCa-associated diagnostic signature demonstrated a higher potential to identify BCa when compared to any single biomarker. Our results justify further advancement of the 10-plex protein-based diagnostic signature toward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Masuda
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Meyeon Park
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alvin Y Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.,Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Jacksonville, FL 32216, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Landon Kozai
- Clinical & Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical & Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical & Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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17
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Sun Y, Yao J, Yang L, Chen R, Nowak NJ, Goodison S. Computational approach for deriving cancer progression roadmaps from static sample data. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e69. [PMID: 28108658 PMCID: PMC5436003 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As with any biological process, cancer development is inherently dynamic. While major efforts continue to catalog the genomic events associated with human cancer, it remains difficult to interpret and extrapolate the accumulating data to provide insights into the dynamic aspects of the disease. Here, we present a computational strategy that enables the construction of a cancer progression model using static tumor sample data. The developed approach overcame many technical limitations of existing methods. Application of the approach to breast cancer data revealed a linear, branching model with two distinct trajectories for malignant progression. The validity of the constructed model was demonstrated in 27 independent breast cancer data sets, and through visualization of the data in the context of disease progression we were able to identify a number of potentially key molecular events in the advance of breast cancer to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering.,Department of Biostatistics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY14203, USA.,Department of Biochemistry The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY14203, USA
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering
| | - Runpu Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering
| | - Norma J Nowak
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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18
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Abstract
Scientists have discovered various prognostic gene signatures (GSs) in different cancer types. Surprisingly, although different GSs from the same cancer type can be used to measure similar biological characteristics, often rarely is there a gene shared by different GSs. To explain such a paradox, we hypothesized that GSs from the same cancer type may be regulated by common regulatory motifs. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a comprehensive motif analysis on the prognostic GSs from five cancer types. We demonstrated that GSs from individual cancer type as well as across cancer types share regulatory motifs. We also observed that transcription factors that likely bind to these shared motifs have prognostic functions in cancers. Moreover, 75% of the predicted cofactors of these transcription factors may have cancer-related functions and some cofactors even have prognostic functions. In addition, there exist common microRNAs that regulate different GSs from individual cancer types and across cancer types, several of which are prognostic biomarkers for the corresponding cancer types. Our study suggested the existence of common regulatory mechanisms shared by GSs from individual cancer types and across cancer types, which shed light on the discovery of new prognostic GSs in cancers and the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Nonagen BioScience Corp, Jacksonville, FL, 32216, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Burnett school of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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19
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Sankpal UT, Goodison S, Jones-Pauley M, Hurtado M, Zhang F, Basha R. Tolfenamic acid-induced alterations in genes and pathways in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14593-14603. [PMID: 28099934 PMCID: PMC5362428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being tested extensively for their role in the treatment and prevention of several cancers. Typically NSAIDs exhibit anti-tumor activities via modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent mechanisms, however, an anti-cancer NSAID tolfenamic acid (TA) is believed to work through COX-independent pathways. Results from our laboratory and others have demonstrated the anti-cancer activity of TA in various cancer models including pancreatic cancer. TA has been shown to modulate certain cellular processes including, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species and signaling. In this study, molecular profiling was performed to precisely understand the mode of action of TA. Three pancreatic cancer cell lines, L3.6pl, MIA PaCa-2, and Panc1 were treated with TA (50 μM for 48 h) and the changes in gene expression was evaluated using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene ST Array platform. Microarray results were further validated using quantitative PCR for seven genes altered by TA treatment in all three cell lines. Functional analysis of differentially expressed genes (2 fold increase or decrease, p < 0.05) using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, revealed that TA treatment predominantly affected the genes involved in cell cycle, cell growth and proliferation, and cell death and survival. Promoter analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that they are enriched for Sp1 binding sites, suggesting that Sp1 could be a major contributor in mediating the effect of TA. The gene expression studies identified new targets involved in TA's mode of action, while supporting the hypothesis about the association of Sp1 in TA mediated effects in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh T. Sankpal
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Jones-Pauley
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Myrna Hurtado
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
| | - Riyaz Basha
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
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20
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Goodison S, Ogawa O, Matsui Y, Kobayashi T, Miyake M, Ohnishi S, Fujimoto K, Dai Y, Shimizu Y, Tsukikawa K, Furuya H, Rosser CJ. A multiplex urinary immunoassay for bladder cancer detection: analysis of a Japanese cohort. J Transl Med 2016; 14:287. [PMID: 27717367 PMCID: PMC5055716 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BCa) is among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide, and due the high rate of post-operative disease recurrence, it is one of the most prevalent in many countries. The development of non-invasive molecular assays that can accurately detect and monitor BCa would be a major advance, benefiting both patients and healthcare systems. We have previously identified a urinary protein biomarker panel that is being developed for application in at-risk patient cohorts. Here, we investigated the potential utility of the multiplex assay in a Japanese cohort. METHODS The Japanese study cohort collected from urology clinics at two institutions was comprised of a total of 288 subjects. The protein biomarker panel (IL8, MMP9, MMP10, ANG, APOE, SDC1, A1AT, PAI1, CA9, VEGFA) was monitored in voided urine samples collected prior to cystoscopy using a custom multiplex ELISA assay. The diagnostic performance of the biomarker panel was assessed using receiver operator curves, predictive modeling and descriptive statistics. RESULTS Urinary biomarker concentrations were significantly elevated in cases versus controls, and in cases with high-grade and muscle-invasive tumors. The AUC for the 10-biomarker assay was 0.892 (95 % confidence interval 0.850-0.934), with an overall diagnostic sensitivity specificity of 0.85 and 0.81, respectively. A predictive model trained on the larger institutional cohort correctly identified 99 % of the cases from the second institution. CONCLUSIONS Urinary levels of a 10-biomarker panel enabled discrimination of patients with BCa. The multiplex urinary diagnostic assay has the potential to be developed for the non-invasive detection of BCa in at-risk Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Goodison
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Sayuri Ohnishi
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yoshiko Shimizu
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Kazue Tsukikawa
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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21
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Huang S, Kou L, Furuya H, Yu C, Goodison S, Kattan MW, Garmire L, Rosser CJ. A Nomogram Derived by Combination of Demographic and Biomarker Data Improves the Noninvasive Evaluation of Patients at Risk for Bladder Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1361-6. [PMID: 27383773 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improvements in the noninvasive clinical evaluation of patients at risk for bladder cancer would be of benefit both to individuals and to health care systems. We investigated the potential utility of a hybrid nomogram that combined key demographic features with the results of a multiplex urinary biomarker assay in hopes of identifying patients at risk of harboring bladder cancer. METHODS Logistic regression analysis was used to model the probability of bladder cancer burden in a cohort of 686 subjects (394 with bladder cancer) using key demographic features alone, biomarker data alone, and the combination of demographic features and key biomarker data. We examined discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis techniques to evaluate prediction model performance. RESULTS Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analyses revealed that demographic features alone predicted tumor burden with an accuracy of 0.806 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.76-0.85], while biomarker data had an accuracy of 0.835 (95% CI, 0.80-0.87). The addition of molecular data into the nomogram improved the predictive performance to 0.891 (95% CI, 0.86-0.92). Decision curve analyses showed that the hybrid nomogram performed better than demographic or biomarker data alone. CONCLUSION A nomogram construction strategy that combines key demographic features with biomarker data may facilitate the accurate, noninvasive evaluation of patients at risk of harboring bladder cancer. Further research is needed to evaluate the bladder cancer risk nomogram for potential clinical utility. IMPACT The application of such a nomogram may better inform the decision to perform invasive diagnostic procedures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1361-6. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Huang
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lei Kou
- Department of Biostatistics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hideki Furuya
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Changhong Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Steve Goodison
- Nonagen Bio-Science Corp., Jacksonville, Florida. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Lana Garmire
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Clinical and Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Nonagen Bio-Science Corp., Jacksonville, Florida.
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22
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Shimizu Y, Furuya H, Bryant Greenwood P, Chan O, Dai Y, Thornquist MD, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. A multiplex immunoassay for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer. J Transl Med 2016; 14:31. [PMID: 26830497 PMCID: PMC4736707 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urine based assays that can non-invasively detect bladder cancer (BCa) have the potential to reduce unnecessary and invasive procedures. The purpose of this study was to develop a multiplex immunoassay that can accurately and simultaneously monitor ten diagnostic urinary protein biomarkers for application as a non-invasive test for BCa detection. METHODS A custom electrochemiluminescent multiplex assay was constructed (Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA) to detect the following urinary proteins; IL8, MMP9, MMP10, ANG, APOE, SDC1, A1AT, PAI1, CA9 and VEGFA. Voided urine samples from two cohorts were collected prior to cystoscopy and samples were analyzed blinded to the clinical status of the participants. Means (±SD) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare assay performance and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the diagnostic signature. RESULTS Comparative diagnostic performance analyses revealed an AUROC value of 0.9258 for the multiplex assay and 0.9467 for the combination of the single-target ELISA assays (p = 0.625), so there was no loss of diagnostic utility for the MSD multiplex assay. Analysis of the independent 200-sample cohort using the multiplex assay achieved an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 0.85, specificity of 0.81, positive predictive value 0.82 and negative predictive value 0.84. CONCLUSIONS It is technically feasible to simultaneously monitor complex urinary diagnostic signatures in a single assay without loss of performance. The described protein-based assay has the potential to be developed for the non-invasive detection of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Shimizu
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Hideki Furuya
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | | | - Owen Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Mark D Thornquist
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Steve Goodison
- Nonagen BioScience Corp, Jacksonville, FL, USA. .,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Charles J Rosser
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA. .,Nonagen BioScience Corp, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Rosser CJ, Shimizu Y, Furuya H, Bryant-Greenwood P, Chan O, Dai Y, Thornquist M, Goodison S. A multiplex immunoassay for the non-invasive detection of bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
471 Background: Urine based assays that can non-invasively detect bladder cancer (BCa) have the potential to reduce unnecessary and invasive procedures. The purpose of this study was to develop a multiplex immunoassay that can accurately and simultaneously monitor 10 diagnostic urinary protein biomarkers for application as a non-invasive test for BCa detection Methods: A custom electrochemiluminescent (ECL) multiplex assay was constructed (Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC, Rockville, MD) to detect the following urinary proteins; IL8, MMP9, MMP10, ANG, APOE, SDC1, A1AT, PAI1, CA9 and VEGFA. Voided urine samples from two cohorts (cohort #1 n = 62 and cohort #2 n = 200) were collected prior to cystoscopy and samples were analyzed blinded to the clinical status of the participants. Means (±SD) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to compare assay performance and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the diagnostic signature. Results: Comparative diagnostic performance analyses revealed an AUROC value of 0.9258 for the multiplex assay and 0.9467 for the combination of the single-target ELISA assays (p = 0.625), so there was no loss of diagnostic utility for the MSD multiplex assay. Analysis of the independent 200-sample cohort using the multiplex assay achieved an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 0.85, specificity of 0.81, positive predictive value 0.82 and negative predictive value 0.84. Conclusions: It is technically feasible to simultaneously monitor complex urinary diagnostic signatures in a single assay without loss of performance. The described protein-based assay has the potential to be developed for the non-invasive detection of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Owen Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- COG Statistics and Data Center and University of Florida, Gainsville, FL
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Abstract
While significant progress continues to be made in the early detection and therapeutic management of primary tumors, the incidence of metastatic disease remains the major cause of mortality. Accordingly, the development of novel effective therapies that can ameliorate dissemination and secondary tumor growth are a clinical priority. The identification of genetic and functional alterations in cancer cells that affect factors implicated in the metastatic process is critical for designing preventive and therapeutic strategies. Evidence implicating the protein deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC1), a Rho GTPase activator, in metastasis has accumulated to a point where DLC1 may be considered as a metastasis suppressor gene. This review presents evidence supporting an anti-metastatic role for DLC1 in several human cancers and discusses the mechanisms contributing to its inhibitory effects. In addition, promising opportunities for therapeutic interventions based on DLC1 function and downstream pathways involved in the metastatic process are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Popescu
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Building 37, Room 4140, 37 Convent Dr., MSC 4262, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4262, USA,
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Zhang G, Gomes-Giacoia E, Dai Y, Lawton A, Miyake M, Furuya H, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. Validation and clinicopathologic associations of a urine-based bladder cancer biomarker signature. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:200. [PMID: 25387487 PMCID: PMC4245773 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-014-0200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To validate the expression of a urine-based bladder cancer associated diagnostic signature comprised of 10 targets; ANG, CA9, MMP9, MMP10, SERPINA1, APOE, SDC1, VEGFA, SERPINE1 and IL8 in bladder tumor tissues. Methods Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on tumor specimens from 213 bladder cancer patients (transitional cell carcinoma only) and 74 controls. Staining patterns were digitally captured and quantitated (Aperio, Vista, CA), and expression was correlated with tumor stage, tumor grade and outcome measures. Results We revealed a positive association of 9 of the 10 proteins (excluding VEGF) in bladder cancer. Relative to control cases, a reduction in SDC1 and overexpression of MMP9, MMP10, SERPINE1, IL8, APOE, SERPINA1, ANG were associated with high stage bladder cancer. Reduced VEGF and increased SERPINA1 were associated with high-grade bladder cancer. Disease-specific survival was significantly reduced in tumors with high expression of SERPINE1 and/or IL8. Conclusions These findings confirm that the proteins in a urine-based diagnostic signature are aberrantly expressed in bladder tumor tissues, and support the potential additional utility of selected biomarkers for the clinicopathological evaluation of excised tissue or biopsy material. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_200
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Cancer Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA.
| | - Evan Gomes-Giacoia
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Cancer Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA.
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | | | - Makito Miyake
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Cancer Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA.
| | - Hideki Furuya
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Steve Goodison
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Cancer Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA. .,Nonagen Bioscience Corp, Orlando, Florida, USA. .,Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
| | - Charles J Rosser
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Cancer Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA. .,Nonagen Bioscience Corp, Orlando, Florida, USA. .,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Rm 327, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
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Abstract
As molecular profiling data continue to accumulate, the design of integrative computational analyses that can provide insights into the dynamic aspects of cancer progression becomes feasible. Here, we present a novel computational method for the construction of cancer progression models based on the analysis of static tumor samples. We demonstrate the reliability of the method with simulated data, and describe the application to breast cancer data. Our findings support a linear, branching model for breast cancer progression. An interactive model facilitates the identification of key molecular events in the advance of disease to malignancy.
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Chen LM, Chang M, Dai Y, Chai KX, Dyrskjøt L, Sanchez-Carbayo M, Szarvas T, Zwarthoff EC, Lokeshwar V, Jeronimo C, Parker AS, Ross S, Borre M, Orntoft TF, Jaeger T, Beukers W, Lopez LE, Henrique R, Young PR, Urquidi V, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. External validation of a multiplex urinary protein panel for the detection of bladder cancer in a multicenter cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1804-12. [PMID: 24920641 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the faltering sensitivity and/or specificity, urine-based assays currently have a limited role in the management of patients with bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to externally validate our previously reported protein biomarker panel from multiple sites in the United States and Europe. METHODS This multicenter external validation study included a total of 320 subjects (bladder cancer = 183). The 10 biomarkers (IL8, MMP9, MMP10, SERPINA1, VEGFA, ANG, CA9, APOE, SDC1, and SERPINE1) were measured using commercial ELISA assays in an external laboratory. The diagnostic performance of the biomarker panel was assessed using receiver operator curves (ROC) and descriptive statistical values. RESULTS Utilizing the combination of all 10 biomarkers, the area under the ROC for the diagnostic panel was noted to be 0.847 (95% confidence interval, 0.796-0.899), outperforming any single biomarker. The multiplex assay at optimal cutoff value achieved an overall sensitivity of 0.79, specificity of 0.79, positive prediction value of 0.73, and negative prediction value of 0.84 for bladder cancer classification. Sensitivity values of the diagnostic panel for high-grade bladder cancer, low-grade bladder cancer, muscle invasive bladder cancer, and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were 0.81, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.77, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Urinary levels of the biomarker panel enabled discrimination of patients with bladder cancer and controls, and the levels of biomarker subsets were associated with advancing tumor grade and stage. IMPACT If proven to be reliable, urinary diagnostic biomarker assays can detect bladder cancer in a timely manner such that the patient can expect improvements in overall survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Chen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Myron Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Karl X Chai
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Tibor Szarvas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Vinata Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Carmen Jeronimo
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal. Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Shanti Ross
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, Florida
| | - Michael Borre
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben F Orntoft
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tobias Jaeger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Luis E Lopez
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Center Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal. Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul R Young
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Virginia Urquidi
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, Florida. Nonagen Bioscience Corp., Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Steve Goodison
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, Florida. Nonagen Bioscience Corp., Jacksonville, Florida. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, Florida. Nonagen Bioscience Corp., Jacksonville, Florida. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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Gomes-Giacoia E, Miyake M, Goodison S, Sriharan A, Zhang G, You L, Egan JO, Rhode PR, Parker AS, Chai KX, Wong HC, Rosser CJ. Intravesical ALT-803 and BCG treatment reduces tumor burden in a carcinogen induced bladder cancer rat model; a role for cytokine production and NK cell expansion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96705. [PMID: 24896845 PMCID: PMC4045574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to induce a specific immunologic response (i.e., activation of IL-2 and effector T-cells), while preclinical studies using ALT-803 (mutated IL-15 analogue combined with IL-15Rα-Fc fusion) have shown promising results by prolonging the agent's half-life and stimulating CD8+ T-cells. Based on these results, we hypothesized that the intravesical administration of ALT-803 along with BCG will generate an immunologic response leading to significant bladder tumor burden reduction. Using a well-established carcinogen induced rat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) model, we studied the effects of intravesical ALT-803 with and without BCG. Rat tissues were evaluated to document treatment response. Intravesical ALT-803 was safe and well tolerated alone and in combination with BCG. As a single treatment agent, ALT-803 reduced tumor burden by 35% compared to control whereas BCG alone only reduced tumor burden by 15%. However, the combination of ALT-803 plus BCG reduced tumor burden by 46% compared to control. Immune monitoring suggested that the antitumor response was linked to the production and secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β and RANTES, which in turn, induced the proliferation and activation of NK cells. Lastly, tumoral responses of the combinational treatment were associated with 76% reduction in angiogenesis, which is significantly higher than when assessed with either agent alone. The enhanced therapeutic index seen with this duplet provides justification for the development of this regimen for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Gomes-Giacoia
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Makito Miyake
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steve Goodison
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States of America; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aravindhan Sriharan
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ge Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lijing You
- Altor Bioscience Corporation, Miramar, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jack O Egan
- Altor Bioscience Corporation, Miramar, Florida, United States of America
| | - Peter R Rhode
- Altor Bioscience Corporation, Miramar, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexander S Parker
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karl X Chai
- Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hing C Wong
- Altor Bioscience Corporation, Miramar, Florida, United States of America
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States of America; Clinical and Translational Research, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
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Zhang G, Miyake M, Lawton A, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 promotes tumor progression through regulation of angiogenic and apoptotic pathways in cervical tumors. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:310. [PMID: 24885595 PMCID: PMC4022983 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer invasion and metastasis develops through a series of steps that involve the loss of cell to cell and cell to matrix adhesion, degradation of extracellular matrix and induction of angiogenesis. Different protease systems (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs) are involved in these steps. MMP-10, one of the lesser studied MMPs, is limited to epithelial cells and can facilitate tumor cell invasion by targeting collagen, elastin and laminin. Enhanced MMP-10 expression has been linked to poor clinical prognosis in some cancers, however, mechanisms underlying a role for MMP-10 in tumorigenesis and progression remain largely unknown. Here, we report that MMP-10 expression is positively correlated with the invasiveness of human cervical and bladder cancers. METHODS Using commercial tissue microarray (TMA) of cervical and bladder tissues, MMP-10 immunohistochemical staining was performed. Furthermore using a panel of human cells (HeLa and UROtsa), in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in which MMP-10 was overexpressed or silenced and we noted phenotypic and genotypic changes. RESULTS Experimentally, we showed that MMP-10 can regulate tumor cell migration and invasion, and endothelial cell tube formation, and that MMP-10 effects are associated with a resistance to apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that increasing MMP-10 expression stimulates the expression of HIF-1α and MMP-2 (pro-angiogenic factors) and PAI-1 and CXCR2 (pro-metastatic factors), and accordingly, targeting MMP-10 with siRNA in vivo resulted in diminution of xenograft tumor growth with a concomitant reduction of angiogenesis and a stimulation of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings show that MMP-10 can play a significant role in tumor growth and progression, and that MMP-10 perturbation may represent a rational strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles J Rosser
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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Rosser CJ, Chang M, Dai Y, Ross S, Mengual L, Alcaraz A, Goodison S. Urinary protein biomarker panel for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1340-5. [PMID: 24714076 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 70% of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) experience disease recurrence, making it one of the most prevalent cancers in the United States. The purpose of this study was to test the performance of a multiplex urinary biomarker assay for the monitoring of voided urine for recurrent bladder cancer. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter study included a total of 125 subjects with a history of bladder cancer. Voided urine specimens were collected before procedure from these subjects (53 with confirmed tumor recurrence and 72 with confirmed non-tumor recurrence) for analysis. A prediction rule generated from the performance characteristics of 10 single biomarkers (IL8, MMP9, MMP10, SERPINA1, VEGFA, ANG, CA9, APOE, SERPINE1, and SDC1) was measured using ELISA. The diagnostic performance of the biomarker panel was assessed using receiver operator curves (ROC) and descriptive statistical values (e.g., sensitivity and specificity). RESULTS The combination of all 10 biomarkers outperformed any single biomarker with a calculated AUROC for the diagnostic panel of 0.904 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.853-0.956]. The multiplex assay achieved an overall sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 88% for recurrent bladder cancer and significantly outperformed the Urovysion cytogenetic assay (sensitivity 42%, specificity 94%) and voided urinary cytology (sensitivity 33%, specificity 90%). CONCLUSIONS A diagnostic panel of 10 urinary biomarkers that accurately detects primary bladder cancer also performs well for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer. IMPACT The identification of a reliable urine-based surveillance and detection assay would be of benefit to both patients and the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Rosser
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando; Nonagen Bioscience Corp; Clinical & Translational Research Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; and
| | - Myron Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Shanti Ross
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando
| | - Lourdes Mengual
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona. IDIBAPS Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona. IDIBAPS Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steve Goodison
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando; Nonagen Bioscience Corp; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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Rosser CJ, Dai Y, Miyake M, Zhang G, Goodison S. Simultaneous multi-analyte urinary protein assay for bladder cancer detection. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:24. [PMID: 24684904 PMCID: PMC4230247 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to accurately measure multiple proteins simultaneously in a single assay has the potential to markedly improve the efficiency of a myriad of clinical assays. Here, we tested the performance of a new, multiplex protein array platform to quantitate three bladder cancer-associated proteins in urine samples. The following analytes, interleukin 8 (IL8), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were monitored using Q-plex, a customized multiplex ELISA system from Quansys Biosciences, and individual target commercial ELISA kits. The performance of the two approaches was compared by evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of the biomarker assays in samples from a cohort of 73 subjects of known bladder cancer status. Results The combination biomarker panel analyses revealed an AUROC value of 0.9476 for the Q-plex assay, and 0.9119 for the combination of the single-target ELISA assays. The Q-plex assay achieved an overall diagnostic sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.81, and the individual target ELISA assays achieved an overall sensitivity of 0.77 and specificity of 0.91. Conclusion Based on these encouraging preliminary data, we believe that the Q-Plex technology is a viable platform that can be exploited as an efficient, highly accurate tool to quantitate multiplex panels of diagnostic proteins in biologic specimens.
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Aguilar Palacios D, Chen L, Chang M, Dai Y, Dyrskjøt Andersen L, Sanchez-Carbayo M, Szarvas T, Zwarthoff EC, Jeronimo C, Parker AS, Ross S, Chai KX, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. MP22-04 EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF A MULTIPLEX URINARY PROTEIN PANEL FOR THE DETECTION OF BLADDER CANCER IN A MULTICENTER COHORT. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Miyake M, Lawton A, Dai Y, Chang M, Mengual L, Alcaraz A, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. Clinical implications in the shift of syndecan-1 expression from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm in bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:86. [PMID: 24524203 PMCID: PMC3930286 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the diagnostic and prognostic capability of urinary and tumoral syndecan-1 (SDC-1) levels in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder. METHODS SDC-1 levels were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 308 subjects (102 cancer subjects and 206 non-cancer subjects) to assess its diagnostic capabilities in voided urine. The performance of SDC-1 was evaluated using the area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic curve. In addition, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assessed SDC-1 protein expression in 193 bladder specimens (185 cancer subjects and 8 non-cancer subjects). Outcomes were correlated to SDC-1 levels. RESULTS Mean urinary levels of SDC-1 did not differ between the cancer subjects and the non-cancer subjects, however, the mean urinary levels of SDC-1 were reduced in high-grade compared to low-grade disease (p < 0.0001), and in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) compared to non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (p = 0.005). Correspondingly, preliminary data note a shift from a membranous cellular localization of SDC-1 in normal tissue, low-grade tumors and NMIBC, to a distinctly cytoplasmic localization in high-grade tumors and MIBC was observed in tissue specimens. CONCLUSION Alone urinary SDC-1 may not be a diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer, but its urinary levels and cellular localization were associated with the differentiation status of patients with bladder tumors. Further studies are warranted to define the potential role for SDC-1 in bladder cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles J Rosser
- Cancer Research Institute, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32827, USA.
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Miyake M, Lawton A, Goodison S, Urquidi V, Rosser CJ. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) protein expression is increased in high-grade prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:74-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The canonical function of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1/SERPINE1) is as an inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator for blood clot maintenance, but it is now also considered a pleiotropic factor that can exert diverse cellular and tumorigenic effects. However, the mechanism controlling its pleiotropic effects is far from being understood. To elucidate the tumorigenic role of PAI-1, we tested the effects of PAI-1 after manipulation of its expression or through the use of a small-molecule inhibitor, tiplaxtinin. Downregulation of PAI-1 significantly reduced cellular proliferation through an inability to progress from the G(0-G1) phase of the cell cycle. Accordingly, overexpression of PAI-1 augmented proliferation by encouraging S-phase entry. Biochemically, cell-cycle arrest was associated with the depletion of the G(1)-phase transition complexes, cyclin D3/cdk4/6 and cyclin E/cdk2, in parallel with the upregulation of the cell-cycle inhibitors p53, p21Cip1/Waf1, and p27Kip1. PAI-1 depletion significantly decreased the tumor size of urothelial T24 and UM-UC-14 xenografts, and overexpression of PAI-1 substantially increased the tumor size of HeLa xenografts. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of human bladder and cervical tumor tissue microarrays revealed increased expression of PAI-1 in cancerous tissue, specifically in aggressive tumors, supporting the relevance of this molecule in human tumor biology. IMPLICATIONS Targeting PAI-1 has beneficial antitumoral effects and should be further investigated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Gomes Giacoia
- Clinical and Translational Research, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, 701 Ilalo Street, Room 327, Honolulu, HI 96813.
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Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Early detection of bladder tumors is critical for improved patient outcomes. The standard method for detection and surveillance of bladder tumors is cystoscopy with urinary cytology. Limitations of cystoscopy and urinary cytology have brought to light the need for more robust diagnostic assays. Ideally, such assays would be applicable to noninvasively obtained, voided urine, and be designed not only for diagnosis, but also for monitoring disease recurrence and response to therapy. Consequently, the development of a noninvasive urine-based assay would be of tremendous benefit to both patients and healthcare systems. This article reports some of the more prominent urine-based biomarkers reported in the literature. In addition, some new technologies that have been used to identify novel urinary biomarkers are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Rosser
- Department of Urology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
| | - Virginia Urquidi
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32527, USA
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Gomes-Giacoia E, Miyake M, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. Targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in a human cancer xenograft model. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:2697-708. [PMID: 24072883 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the urinary bladder result in aggressive and highly angiogenic tumors for which standard treatments have only limited success. Patients with advanced disease have a 5-year survival rate of less than 20%, and no new anticancer agent has been successfully introduced into the clinic armamentarium for the treatment of bladder cancer in more than 20 years. Investigations have identified plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor, as being highly expressed in several malignancies, including bladder cancer, in which high expression is associated with a poor prognosis. In this study, we evaluated PAI-1 as a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer. PAI-1 expression was manipulated in a panel of cell lines and functional inhibition was achieved using the small molecule tiplaxtinin. Reduction or inhibition of PAI-1 resulted in the reduction of cellular proliferation, cell adhesion, and colony formation, and the induction of apoptosis and anoikis in vitro. Treatment of T24 xenografts with tiplaxtinin resulted in inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis, leading to a significant reduction in tumor growth. Similar results were obtained through evaluation of the human cervical cancer HeLa cell line, showing that PAI-1-mediated effects are not restricted to tumor cells of bladder origin. Collectively, these data show that targeting PAI-1 may be beneficial and support the notion that novel drugs such as tiplaxtinin could be investigated as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Gomes-Giacoia
- Corresponding Author: Charles J. Rosser, Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6900 Lake Nona Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32827.
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Miyake M, Ross S, Lawton A, Chang M, Dai Y, Mengual L, Alcaraz A, Giacoia EG, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. Investigation of CCL18 and A1AT as potential urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer detection. BMC Urol 2013; 13:42. [PMID: 24011266 PMCID: PMC3846766 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-13-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we further investigated the association of two biomarkers, CCL18 and A1AT, with bladder cancer (BCa) and evaluated the influence of potentially confounding factors in an experimental model. METHODS In a cohort of 308 subjects (102 with BCa), urinary concentrations of CCL18 and A1AT were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In an experimental model, benign or cancerous cells, in addition to blood, were added to urines from healthy controls and analyzed by ELISA. Lastly, immunohistochemical staining for CCL18 and A1AT in human bladder tumors was performed. RESULTS Median urinary protein concentrations of CCL18 (52.84 pg/ml vs. 11.13 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) and A1AT (606.4 ng/ml vs. 120.0 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) were significantly elevated in BCa subjects compared to controls. Furthermore, the addition of whole blood to pooled normal urine resulted in a significant increase in both CCL18 and A1AT. IHC staining of bladder tumors revealed CCL18 immunoreactivity in inflammatory cells only, and there was no significant increase in these immunoreactive cells within benign and cancerous tissue and no association with BCa grade nor stage was noted. A1AT immunoreactivity was observed in the cytoplasm of epithelia cells and intensity of immunostaining increased with tumor grade, but not tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS Further development of A1AT as a diagnostic biomarker for BCa is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Cancer Research Institute, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Shanti Ross
- Cancer Research Institute, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Adrienne Lawton
- Department of Pathology, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Myron Chang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Lourdes Mengual
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Alcaraz
- Laboratory and Department of Urology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Steve Goodison
- Cancer Research Institute, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Cancer Research Institute, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Section of Urologic Oncology, 1400 S. Orange Ave., Orlando, FL 32806, USA
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Miyake M, Lawton A, Goodison S, Urquidi V, Gomes-Giacoia E, Zhang G, Ross S, Kim J, Rosser CJ. Chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1 (CXCL1) protein expression is increased in aggressive bladder cancers. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:322. [PMID: 23815949 PMCID: PMC3708804 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokines, including chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), may regulate tumor epithelial-stromal interactions that facilitate tumor growth and invasion. Studies have linked CXCL1 expression to gastric, colon and skin cancers, but limited studies to date have described CXCL1 protein expression in human bladder cancer (BCa). Methods CXCL1 protein expression was examined in 152 bladder tissue specimens (142 BCa) by immunohistochemical staining. The expression of CXCL1 was scored by assigning a combined score based on the proportion of cells staining and intensity of staining. CXCL1 expression patterns were correlated with clinicopathological features and follow-up data. Results CXCL1 protein expression was present in cancerous tissues, but was entirely absent in benign tissue. CXCL1 combined immunostaining score was significantly higher in high-grade tumors relative to low-grade tumors (p = 0.012). Similarly, CXCL1 combined immunostaining score was higher in high stage tumors (T2-T4) than in low stage tumors (Ta-T1) (p < 0.0001). An increase in the combined immunostaining score of CXCL1 was also associated with reduced disease-specific survival. Conclusion To date, this is the largest study describing increased CXCL1 protein expression in more aggressive phenotypes in human BCa. Further studies are warranted to define the role CXCL1 plays in bladder carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Cancer Research Institute, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Rosser CJ, Ross S, Chang M, Dai Y, Mengual L, Zhang G, Kim J, Urquidi V, Alcaraz A, Goodison S. Multiplex protein signature for the detection of bladder cancer in voided urine samples. J Urol 2013; 190:2257-62. [PMID: 23764080 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate urine assays for bladder cancer detection would benefit patients and health care systems. Through extensive genomic and proteomic profiling of urine components we previously identified a panel of 8 biomarkers that can facilitate the detection of bladder cancer in voided urine samples. In this study we confirmed this diagnostic molecular signature in a diverse multicenter cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a case-control, phase II study in which we analyzed voided urine from 102 subjects with bladder cancer and 206 with varying urological disorders. The urinary concentration of 8 biomarkers (IL-8, MMP-9 and 10, PAI-1, VEGF, ANG, CA9 and APOE) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Diagnostic performance of the panel of tested biomarkers was evaluated using ROCs and descriptive statistical values, eg sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Seven of the 8 urine biomarkers were increased in subjects with bladder cancer relative to those without bladder cancer. The 7 biomarkers were assessed in a new model, which had an AUROC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.84-0.93), and 74% sensitivity and 90% specificity. In contrast, the sensitivity of voided urine cytology and the UroVysion® cytogenetic test in this cohort was 39% and 54%, respectively. Study limitations include analysis performed on banked urine samples and the lack of voided urine cytology and cytogenetic test data on controls. CONCLUSIONS The study provides further evidence that the reported panel of diagnostic biomarkers can reliably achieve the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer with higher sensitivity than currently available urine based assays.
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Pino MF, Zhang G, Rosser CJ, Goodison S, Urquidi V. Abstract 3798: Heat shock cognate protein HSPA8 (Hsc70) regulates migration and xenograft growth of breast tumor cell lines. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to identify genes involved in the metastatic phenotype we had previously developed isogenic cell lines from the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-435 that have different metastatic phenotypes in immunocompromised mice. Proteomic profiling of the extracellular component of this model identified the heat shock cognate protein HSPA8 (Hsc70) as over-expressed in the metastatic cell line (M4A4) relative to its non-metastatic counterpart (NM2C5). Heat shock proteins are primarily implicated in a cytoprotective role when cells are exposed to stressful stimuli. They are intracellular molecular chaperones but are also found in the surface of embryonic stem cells and a variety of tumor cells. With the purpose of investigating the role of HSPA8 in tumor growth and metastasis, we first verified that this protein was expressed on the cell surface and in the conditioned medium of M4A4 cells, in addition to its intracellular location. Then we generated stable HSPA8 knockdown clones of the M4A4 cells and cell behavior was tested in a panel of analyses in vitro and xenograft growth was tested in immunocompromised mice. Knockdown of HSPA8 expression in M4A4 cells resulted in reduction of cell doubling time and of their migration potential in vitro. When individual M4A4-HSPA8 knocked down cell clones were injected into the mammary fat pad of immunocompromised mice significant reduction of the tumor size was observed relative to non-silencing control cells. The invasive and metastatic potential of the M4A4-HSPA8 knockdown clones as well as their transcriptional profile are currently under investigation. Our findings suggest that HSPA8 plays a role in cell growth in vitro and in vivo and may be involved in metastasis of breast cancer cells. Extracellular heat shock proteins have recently been shown to mediate a range of powerful effects in inflammatory, neuronal and immune cells through a number of cell surface receptors. The mechanisms involved in tumor dissemination and metastasis are potential targets for therapeutic intervention
Citation Format: Maria F. Pino, Ge Zhang, Charles J. Rosser, Steve Goodison, Virginia Urquidi. Heat shock cognate protein HSPA8 (Hsc70) regulates migration and xenograft growth of breast tumor cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3798. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3798
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ge Zhang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
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Miyake M, Goodison S, Gomes Giacosia E, Kim J, Ross S, Zhang G, Rosser CJ. Abstract 4071: Angiogenin enhances proliferation, progression and angiogenesis in human bladder cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Angiogenin (ANG) is a member of RNase A family and regulates synthesis of various proteins. ANG is reported to act on both vascular endothelial cells and cancer cells. Although it has been demonstrated that upregulated ANG plays important roles on cellular proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in several malignancies, there are very few reports addressing the relationship between ANG expression and bladder cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological function of ANG in bladder cancer.
Methods: UROtsa (benign urothelial cell line), RT4 (urothelial papilloma cell line), KU7 (non-invasive bladder cancer) and T24 (invasive bladder cancer) were used in this study. ANG-overexpressing stable clones in UROtsa were created using plasmid DNA transfection and ANG down-regulation in KU7 and T24 were created using siRNA transfection or short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection. Proliferation assay, migration/invasion assay, anchorage-independent colony formation assay in soft agar and in-vitro Matrigel tube formation assay using HUVEC were carried out with conditioned media. ANG overexpression clone (UROtsa) and ANG shRNA expressing clones (KU7 and T24) were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to investigate whether ANG expression increase tumorigenicity and tumor growth in vivo.
Results: Higher level of ANG was expressed in cancer cell lines, KU7 and T24, compared to non-cancer cell lines, UROtsa and RT4. Proliferation assay and soft agar assay revealed that ANG expression was associated with cell growth and anchorage independent growth in the mediation of dephophorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK. Migration was inhibited significantly by knocking down ANG in KU7 (non-invasive cancer), while invasion was inhibited in T24 (invasive cancer). An in vitro Matrigel angiogenesis assay demonstrated that conditioned media collected from ANG overexpressing stable clones resulted in increased tube formation as compared to the control clone in UROtsa, while the tube formation ability was decreased by knocking down ANG in cancer cells. In tumorigenicity testing in nude mice, tumor growth was correlated with higher expression of ANG. Four weeks after inoculation of cells in nude mice, there was a significant difference in tumor size in all the cell lines (UROtsa control vs ANG overexpression, KU7 control shRNA vs ANG shRNA, T24 control shRNA vs ANG shRNA), suggesting that ANG expression supported tumorigenicity and tumor growth.
Conclusions: These results suggest that ANG overexpression enhances tumor growth and progression. ANG secreted from cancer cells promotes angiogenesis in bladder cancer. Therefore, ANG may be a potential therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Citation Format: Makito Miyake, Steve Goodison, Evan Gomes Giacosia, Jeongsoon Kim, Shanti Ross, Ge Zhang, Charles J. Rosser. Angiogenin enhances proliferation, progression and angiogenesis in human bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4071. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4071
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | - Steve Goodison
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Jeongsoon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | - Shanti Ross
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | - Ge Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | - Charles J. Rosser
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
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Miyake M, Goodison S, Chang M, Dai Y, Urquidi V, Rosser CJ. A multi-analyte assay for the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
306 Background: Accurate urinary assays for bladder cancer (BCa) detection would benefit both patients and healthcare systems. Through genomic and proteomic profiling of urine components, we have previously identified a panel of biomarkers that can outperform current urine-based biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of BCa. Herein, we report the diagnostic utility of various multivariate combinations of these biomarkers. Methods: We performed a case-controlled validation study in which voided urines from 550 patients (220 tumor bearing subjects) were analyzed. The urinary concentrations of 14 biomarkers (IL-8, MMP-9,MMP-10, SDC1,CCL18, PAI-1, CD44, VEGF, ANG, CA9,A1AT, OPN, PTX3, and APOE) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diagnostic performance of each biomarker and multivariate models were compared using receiver operating characteristic curves and the chi-square test. Results: An 3-biomarker model (CA9, PAI-1 and IL-8) achieved the most accurate BCa diagnosis (sensitivity 90%, specificity 88%). These data show that a multivariate urine-based assay can markedly improve the accuracy of non-invasive BCa detection. Conclusions: Further validation studies are under way to investigate the clinical utility of this panel of biomarkers for BCa diagnosis and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Myron Chang
- COG Statistics and Data Center and University of Florida, Gainsville, FL
| | - Yunfeng Dai
- COG Statistics and Data Center and University of Florida, Gainsville, FL
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Miyake M, Goodison S, Gomes E, Rizwani W, Ross S, Zhang G, Rosser CJ. Induction of endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis through activating the ERK1/2/EGF pathway mediate by CXC chemokine receptor 2 by chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
138 Background: Endothelial cell growth and proliferation are critical for tumoral angiogenesis. We report here that blockade of Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) results in reduction of human endothelial cell proliferation and its ability to induce angiogenesis. Methods: Two human endothelial cell lines, HUVEC and HDMEC, were used in the in vitro assays. Proliferation assay and matrigel tube formation assay were performed to test the inhibitory effect of anti-CXCL antibody on the activity of endothelial cells in vitro. Matrigel plug assay in nude mice was performed to test the in vivo angiogenic activity of CXCL1. Results: CXCL1 interacts with its receptor CXC chemokine Receptor 2 and induces endothelial cell proliferation, whereas blockade of CXCL1 is associated with reduction in cellular proliferation through a decrease in levels of cyclin D and cdk4 and inhibition of angiogenesis through EGF and ERK 1/2. Targeting CXCL1 inhibits neoangiogenesis but has no effect on disrupting established vasculature. Furthermore targeting CXCL1 is associated with reduction in migration of human endothelial cells in an in vitro model. Additionally, neutralizing antibody against CXCL1 in a xenograft angiogenesis model resulted in inhibition of angiogenesis. Conclusions: CXCL1-induced regulation of angiogenesis has not been studied extensively in human cancers, thus these findings illustrate a novel contribution of CXCL1 interactions in pathological angiogenesis. Therefore, the ability to selectively modulate CXCL1, specifically in tumoral angiogenesis, may promote the development of novel oncologic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evan Gomes
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Shanti Ross
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | - Ge Zhang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
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Gomes E, Miyake M, Zhang G, Goodison S, Egan J, Rhode P, Wong HC, Rosser CJ. Tumor burden reduction in an orthotopic non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer model using IL-15 analogue (ALT-803) targeting T regulatory cells. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
298 Background: A recent NCI review listed IL-15 as the most promising product candidate among twelve immunotherapy drugs that could potentially cure cancer. Preclinical studies using ALT-803 (mutated IL-15 analogue combined with IL-15Rα-Fc fusion) have shown promising results for obtaining prolonged drug half-life and stimulating CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Based on these results, we hypothesized that the administration of ALT-803 will generate an immunologic response which will reduce tumor burden in a rodent carcinogen induced orthotopic non muscle invasive bladder cancer model (NMIBC). Methods: We tested intravesical ALT-803 alone and ALT-803 in combination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in a rodent carcinogen induced orthotopic NMIBC model. Rats were anesthetized then a 22-gauge Teflon transurethral catheter was placed in the bladder and urine completely drained from the bladder. Next, the saline (negative control), ALT-803 (experimental agent) or BCG (positive control) therapy was delivered by transurethral instillation and allowed to dwell in the bladder for 1 hr by occlusion of the urethra with a purse string suture. The intravesical therapy was administered weekly for a total of six weeks to mimic intravesical BCG therapy in humans. Results: Herein we demonstrate that ALT-803 was safe and well tolerated alone or in combination with BCG. Furthermore, ALT-803 alone reduced tumor burden by 23% whereas BCG alone reduced tumor burden by 11% compared to control. The combination of ALT-803 and BCG reduced tumor burden by 30% compared to control. Tumoral responses of the combinational treatment were associated with 76% and 80% reduction in angiogenesis and proliferation, respectively, whereas combinational therapy was associated with a 7.7-fold increase in apoptotic index compared to control. Immune monitoring suggested that the antitumor response was linked to the activation of CD8+ cells and NK cells. Conclusions: The enhanced therapeutic index provided by ALT-803 plus BCG therefore provides a powerful justification for the development of this agent for future clinical trials in subjects with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Gomes
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Ge Zhang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
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Gomes E, Urquidi V, Cai Y, Sun Y, Rosser CJ, Goodison S. Discovery of molecular biomarker signatures for the detection of bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
302 Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is among the five most common malignancies world-wide, and due to high rates of recurrence, one of the most prevalent. Improvements in non-invasive urine-based assays to detect BCa would benefit both patients and healthcare systems. In this study, the goal was to identify urothelial cell transcriptomic signatures associated with BCa. Methods: Gene expression profiling (Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays) was applied to exfoliated urothelia obtained from a cohort of 92 subjects with known bladder disease status. Computational analyses identified candidate biomarkers of BCa and an optimal predictive model was derived. Selected targets from the profiling analyses were monitored in an independent cohort of 81 subjects using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results: Data analysis identified 52 genes associated with BCa (p≤0.001), and gene models that optimally predicted class label were derived. RT-PCR analysis of 48 selected targets in an independent cohort identified a 14-gene diagnostic signature that predicted the presence of BCa with a specificity of 100% at 90% sensitivity. Conclusions: Exfoliated urothelia sampling provides a robust analyte for the evaluation of patients with suspected BCa. The refinement and validation of the multi-gene urothelial cell signatures identified in this preliminary study may lead to accurate, non-invasive assays for the detection of BCa. The development of an accurate, non-invasive BCa detection assay would benefit both the patient and healthcare systems through better detection, monitoring and control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Gomes
- MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Yunpeng Cai
- Research Center for Biomedical Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijun Sun
- University at Buffalo Center Of Excellence, Buffalo, NY
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Urquidi V, Goodison S, Rosser CJ. Diagnostic Potential of Urinary <alpha>1-Antitrypsin and Apolipoprotein E in the Detection of Bladder Cancer. J Urol 2013:S0022-5347(13)00051-7. [PMID: 23321582 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Urquidi V, Rosser CJ, Goodison S. MULTIPLEX URINARY TESTS FOR BLADDER CANCER DIAGNOSIS. Eur Med J Urol 2013; 1:70-73. [PMID: 24533178 PMCID: PMC3922132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of accurate and reliable molecular assays that could diagnose bladder cancer would be of significant benefit to both patients and the healthcare system. Non-invasive assays that have utility not only for diagnosis, but also for monitoring disease recurrence and response to treatment, are needed. Current urinary tests lack sufficient sensitivity or specificity, often because of a reliance on single biomarkers, but high-throughput technologies are enabling the derivation of more accurate panels of biomarkers. In this article, we review some of the promising investigational studies that are revealing multiplex biomarker signatures that may augment current bladder cancer detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Urquidi
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, USA
| | - Charles J Rosser
- Department of Urology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, USA
| | - Steve Goodison
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, USA
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