1
|
Sachdev N, Goomer S, Singh LRK, Chowhan RK. Preparation and nutritional characterisation of protein concentrate prepared from foxtail millet ( Setaria italica). FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2023:10820132231159819. [PMID: 36879485 DOI: 10.1177/10820132231159819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based protein sources as a sustainable alternative to animal sources are highly relevant for food and dietary supplements industries. Plant proteins are becoming popular as an eco-friendly source for meeting global protein requirements due to their importance in nutrition, management of metabolic diseases, biological activities, functionality in processed food products and their low carbon footprints. We applied biochemical protein extraction protocol and prepared protein concentrate from an underutilised cereal, foxtail millet, with plausible applications in foods and supplements. Herein efforts were utilised to obtain foxtail millet protein (FMP) concentrate by means of standardisation of processes of extraction cum isolation. The conditions including flour to solvent ratio, extraction-precipitation pH, dissolution time, etc. were optimised to significantly improve protein yield and recovery. The FMP concentrate prepared was also analysed for nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, amino acid content and digestion properties in comparison to packaged brown rice protein concentrate. The protein concentrate prepared was found to have high digestibility, rich in essential amino acids with good phenolic and flavonoid content, thereby making it a potential sensory and antioxidant additive for food/pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Sachdev
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Goomer
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, India
| | - Laishram Rajender Kumar Singh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Dr. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, North Campus, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rimpy Kaur Chowhan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chakraborty P, Bhattacharyya DK, Ghosh M. Extrusion treated meal concentrates of Brassica juncea as functionally improved ingredient in protein and fiber rich breadstick preparation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
3
|
Kanetro B. Hypocholesterolemic Properties of Protein Isolate from Cowpeas (Vigna Unguiculata) Sprout in Normal and Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
4
|
Luminescent material based on the [Eu(TTA)3(H2O)2] complex incorporated into modified silica particles for biological applications. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 123:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
5
|
Castanho VS, Gidlund M, Nakamura R, de Faria EC. Post-menopausal hormone therapy reduces autoantibodies to oxidized apolipoprotein B100. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:800-6. [PMID: 21879795 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.526660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify whether post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) modifies autoantibody titers against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (anti-LDLoxi), against epitopes of oxidized apolipoprotein B100 and common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in these women. Sixty-eight women in pre-menopause (PMW) and 216 in post-menopause (POMW) were recruited; eighty-three had undergone HRT for at least 12 months, where 48 received conjugated estrogens alone (EHRT) and 35 received conjugated estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate (CHRT). ELISA was used to determine autoantibodies. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activities were assayed by radiometric methods. IMT was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Anti-oxidized LDL and anti-D antibodies increased by 40% (p ≤ 0.003) and 42% (p ≤ 0.006), respectively, with menopause. There was a surprising and significant 7% reduction in anti-D2 antibody titers with HRT (p ≤ 0.050), indicating a positive effect of treatment on the immune response to oxidized LDL. Combined HRT decreased activities of HL and LPL. HRT did not change common carotid IMT, which was increased by 32% as expected after menopause (p ≤ 0.030). This study describes, for the first time, the protective effect of HRT on decreasing autoantibody titers against oxidized apolipoprotein B in LDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Sylvia Castanho
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, /FCM/University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cavallini DCU, Suzuki JY, Abdalla DSP, Vendramini RC, Pauly-Silveira ND, Roselino MN, Pinto RA, Rossi EA. Influence of a probiotic soy product on fecal microbiota and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in an animal model. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:126. [PMID: 21801422 PMCID: PMC3168412 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work showed that daily ingestion of an aqueous soy extract fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416, supplemented or not with isoflavones, reduced the total cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol levels, increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration and inhibited the raising of autoantibody against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL Ab) and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize the fecal microbiota in order to investigate the possible correlation between fecal microbiota, serum lipid parameters and atherosclerotic lesion development in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia, that ingested the aqueous soy extract fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and Lactobacillus helveticus 416. METHODS The rabbits were randomly allocated to five experimental groups (n = 6): control (C), hypercholesterolemic (H), hypercholesterolemic plus unfermented soy product (HUF), hypercholesterolemic plus fermented soy product (HF) and hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone-supplemented fermented soy product (HIF). Lipid parameters and microbiota composition were analyzed on days 0 and 60 of the treatment and the atherosclerotic lesions were quantified at the end of the experiment. The fecal microbiota was characterized by enumerating the Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteria and Clostridium spp. populations. RESULTS After 60 days of the experiment, intake of the probiotic soy product was correlated with significant increases (P < 0.05) on Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Enterococcus spp. and a decrease in the Enterobacteria population. A strong correlation was observed between microbiota composition and lipid profile. Populations of Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were negatively correlated with total cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (oxLDL Ab) and lesion size. HDL-C levels were positively correlated with Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Enterococcus spp. populations. CONCLUSION In conclusion, daily ingestion of the probiotic soy product, supplemented or not with isoflavones, may contribute to a beneficial balance of the fecal microbiota and this modulation is associated with an improved cholesterol profile and inhibition of atherosclerotic lesion development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela CU Cavallini
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Y Suzuki
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Dulcinéia SP Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina C Vendramini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadiége D Pauly-Silveira
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana N Roselino
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli A Pinto
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizeu A Rossi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Electronegative low-density lipoprotein: Origin and impact on health and disease. Atherosclerosis 2011; 215:257-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
8
|
Nagarajan S. Mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic functions of soy-based diets. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 21:255-60. [PMID: 19954957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Soy-based diets have been reported to protect against the development of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for this protection remains unknown. Although atherosclerosis was traditionally considered a disease associated with impaired lipid metabolism, in recent years the inflammatory components of atherosclerosis have been explored. Recent studies have convincingly delineated that uncontrolled chronic inflammation is the principal contributing factor for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Interaction between activated monocytes and vascular endothelial cells is an early event in atherogenesis. The adhesion of leukocytes, including monocytes, to the inflamed-vascular endothelium and their transmigration into intima initiate the inflammatory processes. Following transmigration, monocytes in the intima are transformed to macrophages, which take up oxidized-LDL (oxLDL) to generate lipid-laden macrophages, also known as foam cells. Hence, in this review article the inflammatory processes associated with atherosclerosis and possible anti-inflammatory functions of soy-based diets contributing to the prevention of atherosclerosis are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cavallini DCU, Abdalla DSP, Vendramini RC, Bedani R, Bomdespacho LQ, Pauly-Silveira ND, de Valdez GF, Rossi EA. Effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in hypercholesterolemic rabbits: a randomized double-blind study. Lipids Health Dis 2009; 8:40. [PMID: 19814806 PMCID: PMC2765949 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-8-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing interest in natural treatments to control dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soy yogurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and of dietary isoflavones on the lipid profile. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt, fermented with E. faecium CRL183, on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia. METHODS Forty-eight rabbits were randomly assigned to eight groups fed on the following diets for 60 days: C - control; IY - isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt; H - hypercholesterolemic (1.0% cholesterol wt/wt diet); HY - hypercholesterolemic plus soy yogurt; HIY - hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt; HP - hypercholesterolemic plus placebo; HI - hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone and HE - hypercholesterolemic plus pure culture of E. faecium CRL 183. Serum lipids and autoantibodies against oxLDL (oxLDL Ab) were analyzed on days 0, 30 and 60 of the treatment and the atherosclerotic lesions were quantified at the end of the experiment. RESULTS Soy yogurt, soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones and placebo promoted significant reductions in total cholesterol level (38.1%, 27.0% and 26.6%, respectively). Significant increases in serum HDL-C concentration relative to group H were detected in animals that ingested soy yogurt, with or without the isoflavone supplement (55.2%), E. faecium culture (43.3%) or placebo (35.8%). Intake of soy yogurt and soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones prevented the rise of oxLDL Ab during the study period. The extent of atherosclerosis in the thoracic and abdominal aortas was reduced in the HIY, HY and HP groups. However, when the whole aorta was analyzed, animals treated with soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones exhibited the greatest reduction (51.4%, P < 0.05) in atherosclerotic lesion area, compared to group H. CONCLUSION Soy yogurt could be consumed as an alternative means of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving the lipid profile and inhibiting oxLDL Ab formation. Our findings also suggest that isoflavone supplementation may enhance the antiatherosclerotic effect of soy yogurt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela CU Cavallini
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Dulcinéia SP Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina C Vendramini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Bedani
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Q Bomdespacho
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadiége D Pauly-Silveira
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elizeu A Rossi
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soares SRC, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Ramos-Sanchez E, Catanozi S, da Silva LFF, Mauad T, Gidlund M, Goto H, Garcia MLB. Air pollution and antibodies against modified lipoproteins are associated with atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling in hyperlipemic mice. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:368-73. [PMID: 19486979 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the impact of chronic exposure to urban air pollution on the development of atherosclerosis. Hyperlipemic mice (LDLR(-/-)) were submitted to a high fat diet and air pollution for four months. We measured the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modifications (TBARS), the presence of anti-oxLDL and an apoB-derived peptide (apoB-D) in blood and the degree of atherosclerosis in the aortic arch. Air pollution increased the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation as well as anti-oxLDL and anti-apo-B levels. These levels were even higher than in mice submitted to a high fat diet and non-polluted air. The lipid content of the atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta was increased in groups with a high cholesterol diet independently of the air quality. However, the thickness of the arterial wall was greater in mice fed a high lipid diet with polluted air. Thus, we conclude that urban air pollution exacerbates the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, atherogenesis and vascular remodeling in hyperlipemic mice and that an immune response accompanies this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Regina Castro Soares
- Laboratory of Soropidemiology and Immunobiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Venkatesan N, Devaraj SN, Devaraj H. A fibre cocktail of fenugreek, guar gum and wheat bran reduces oxidative modification of LDL induced by an atherogenic diet in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 294:145-53. [PMID: 16855793 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LDL (low-density lipoprotein) oxidation is a key trigger factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Relatively few studies exist on the impact of dietary fibre on LDL oxidation. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of a novel fibre mix of fenugreek seed powder, guar gum and wheat bran (Fibernat) on LDL oxidation induced by an atherogenic diet. METHOD Male Wistar albino rats were administered one of the following diets: (1) a control diet that was fibre-free (Group I); (2) an atherogenic diet containing 1.5% cholesterol and 0.1% cholic acid (Group II) or (3) an atherogenic diet supplemented with Fibernat (Group III). Peroxidative changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the oxidative susceptibility of LDL and the LDL + VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) fraction were determined. As a corollary to the oxidative modification theory, the titer of autoantibodies to oxidised LDL (oxLDL) was determined at various time points of the study. In addition, plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and lipoprotein (Lp (a)), apolipoprotein (apoB), cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and alpha-tocopherol content of LDL were determined. RESULTS A decrease in malonaldehyde (MDA) content (p<0.05) and relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of LDL was observed in the group III rats as compared to the group II rats. An increase in lag time to oxidation (p<0.01) and decrease in maximum oxidation (p<0.01) and oxidation rate (p<0.01) were observed in the LDL + VLDL fraction of group III rats. In group II rats, formation of autoantibodies to oxLDL occurred at an earlier time point and at levels greater than in the group III rats. Fibernat, had a sparing effect on LDL alpha-tocopherol, which was about 51% higher in the group III rats than in the group II rats; apo B content of LDL was reduced by 37.6% in group III rats. LDL of group III rats displayed a decrease in free and ester cholesterol (p<0.01) as compared to that of group II. A decrease in plasma homocysteine (p<0.01) and an increase in GSH (p<0.05) were also observed in group III rats when compared with that of group II. CONCLUSION Fibernat administration appears to combat oxidative stress resulting in a trend to lower oxidative modification of LDL. In addition, the cholesterol and apo B content of LDL were reduced significantly with a sparing effect on LDL alpha-tocopherol. This novel fibre preparation could be an effective diet therapy and therefore needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Venkatesan
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Asakura L, Cazita PM, Harada LM, Nunes VS, Berti JA, Salerno AG, Ketelhuth DFJ, Gidlund M, Oliveira HCF, Quintão ECR. Soy protein containing isoflavones favorably influences macrophage lipoprotein metabolism but not the development of atherosclerosis in CETP transgenic mice. Lipids 2006; 41:655-62. [PMID: 17069349 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The possibility that soy protein containing isoflavones influences the development of experimental atherosclerosis has been investigated in ovariectomized mice heterozygous for the human CETP transgene and for the LDL-receptor null allele (LDLr(+/-) CETP(+/-)). After ovariectomy at 8 wk of age they were fed a fat/cholesterol-rich diet for 19 wk and divided into three experimental groups: dietary unmodified soy protein containing isoflavones (mg/g of diet), either at low-dose (Iso Low, 0.272, n = 25), or at high-dose (Iso High, 0.535, n = 28); and the atherogenic diet containing an isoflavone-depleted alcohol-washed soy protein as a control group (n = 28). Aortic root lipid-stained lesion area (mean microm2 x 10(3) +/- SD) did not differ among Iso Low (12.3 +/- 9.9), Iso High (7.4 +/- 6.4), and controls (10.7 +/- 12.8). Autoantibody titers against plasma oxidized LDL did not differ among the experimental groups. Using the control mice as the reference value (100%), in vitro mouse peritoneal macrophage uptake of labeled acetylated LDL-cholesterol was lower in the Iso High (68%) than in the Iso Low (85%) group. The in vitro percent removal by exogenous HDL of labeled unesterified cholesterol from macrophages previously enriched with human [4- 14C]-cholesteryl oleate acetylated LDL was enhanced in the Iso High group (50%). In spite of these in vitro potentially antiatherogenic actions, soy protein containing isoflavones did not modify the average size of lipid-stained area in the aortic root.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leiko Asakura
- Lipids Lab, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gómez SL, Turchiello RF, Jurado MC, Boschcov P, Gidlund M, Neto AMF. Characterization of native and oxidized human low-density lipoproteins by the Z-scan technique. Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 132:185-95. [PMID: 15555604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Revised: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical response of human normal and oxidized by Cu2+ low-density lipoproteins particles (LDL), were investigated by the Z-scan technique as a function of temperature and concentration of LDL particles. The Z-scan signals increase linearly with concentration of normal LDL particles, following the usual Beer-Lambert law in a broad range of concentrations. The oxidized LDL particles do not show nonlinear optical response. On the other hand, normal LDL increases its nonlinear optical response as a function of temperature. These behaviors can be attributed to an absorbing element that is modified by the oxidative process. Contrarily, changes in the physical state of the cores and conformation of the ApoB100 protein due to an increase in temperature seems to enhance their nonlinear optical properties. This tendency is not due to aggregation of particles. The main contribution to the nonlinear optical response of normal LDL particles comes from the phospholipid fraction of the particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Gómez
- Complex Fluids Group, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, 05315-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fernvik EC, Ketelhuth DFJ, Russo M, Gidlund M. The autoantibody repertoire against copper- or macrophage-modified LDL differs in normolipidemics and hypercholesterolemic patients. J Clin Immunol 2005; 24:170-6. [PMID: 15024184 DOI: 10.1023/b:joci.0000019782.67993.0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed the antibody repertoire from normo- and hypercholesterolemic subjects to investigate how it can be related to macrophage-dependent modification of low-density lipoproteins, in comparison to the commonly used copper-oxidized LDL. Preexisting natural antibodies in plasma from normo- and hypercholesterolemic individuals were tested for their reactivity against copper ion oxidized LDL and LDL modified by macrophages. A crosswise comparison between these two antigen preparations demonstrated a different antibody repertoire in normo- and hypercholesterolemic patients. This study suggest that the search for antibodies that can influence the progression or regression of an atherosclerotic process has to take into account the process by which LDL is modified, and the repertoire of antibodies that is generated in the normal population, in comparison to that with, or at risk for, coronary artery diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Fernvik
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bricarello LP, Kasinski N, Bertolami MC, Faludi A, Pinto LA, Relvas WGM, Izar MCO, Ihara SSM, Tufik S, Fonseca FAH. Comparison between the effects of soy milk and non-fat cow milk on lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Nutrition 2004; 20:200-4. [PMID: 14962687 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed whether the consumption of soy milk could add significantly to the lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in comparison with non-fat milk. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, crossover study was conducted on 60 outpatients with primary hypercholesterolemia following a lipid-lowering diet for at least 6 wk. Lipid profile was obtained at baseline and at 6 and 12 wk, with the patients randomly assigned to receive initially 1 L/d of soy milk or non-fat cow milk for 6 wk. Lipid peroxidation was estimated by plasma thiobarbituric reactive substances. Apolipoprotein E genotypes were examined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The soy milk diet was associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction (baseline = 157 +/- 5 mg/dL; soy milk = 148 +/- 4 mg/dL; non-fat cow milk = 158 +/- 4 mg/dL; P < 0.05, soy milk versus other treatments) and with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increase (baseline = 58 +/- 2 mg/dL; soy milk = 62 +/- 2 mg/dL; non-fat cow milk = 57 +/- 2 mg/dL; P < 0.05, soy milk versus other treatments). In addition, plasma thiobarbituric reactive substances were reduced by the soy milk diet (baseline = 1.82 +/- 0.12 nM/L; soy milk = 1.49 +/- 0.09 nM/L; non-fat cow milk = 1.91 +/- 0.11 nM/mL; P < 0.05, soy milk versus non-fat cow milk). Changes in lipid profile were not influenced by APOE genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that soy milk as part of a lipid-lowering diet has beneficial effects in improving lipid profile and reducing lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana P Bricarello
- Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 458, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ronchini KROM, Duarte AJS, Casseb JSR, Gidlund M. Cardiovascular complications and increased levels of circulating modified low density lipoprotein in HIV patients and patients with lipodystrophy. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 37:119-22. [PMID: 14689052 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2004000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for patients infected with HIV has significantly prolonged the life expectancy and to some extent has restored a functional immune response. However, the premature introduction of HAART has led to a significant and alarming increase in cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction and the appearance of abnormal distribution of body fat seen as lipodystrophy. One key element in the development of ischemic coronary artery disease is the presence of circulating and tissue-fixed modified low density lipoprotein (mLDL) that contributes to the initiation and progression of arterial lesions and to the formation of foam cells. Even though not completely elucidated, the most likely mechanism involves mLDL in the inflammatory response and the induction of a specific immune response against mLDL. Circulating antibodies against mLDL can serve as an indirect marker of the presence of circulating and vessel-fixed mLDL. In the present study, we measured antibodies to mLDL and correlated them with immune status (i.e., number of CD4+ T cells) in 59 HIV patients and with the clinical manifestation of lipodystrophy in 10 patients. We observed a significant reduction in anti-mLDL antibody levels related both to lipodystrophy and to an immunocompromised state in HIV patients. We speculate that these antibodies may explain in part the rapid development of ischemic coronary artery disease in some patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R O M Ronchini
- Laboratório de Imunofisiopatologia, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cazita PM, Berti JA, Aoki C, Gidlund M, Harada LM, Nunes VS, Quintão ECR, Oliveira HCF. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression attenuates atherosclerosis in ovariectomized mice. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:33-40. [PMID: 12518020 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m100440-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced estrogen levels result in loss of protection from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Enhanced and diminished atherosclerosis have been associated with plasma levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP); however, little is known about the role of CETP-ovarian hormone interactions in atherogenesis. We assessed the severity of diet-induced atherosclerosis in ovariectomized (OV) CETP transgenic mice crossbred with LDL receptor knockout mice. Compared with OV CETP expressing ((+)), OV CETP non-expressing ((-)) mice had higher plasma levels of total, VLDL-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, as well as higher antibodies titers against oxidized LDL. The mean aortic lesion area was 2-fold larger in OV CETP(-) than in OV CETP(+) mice (147 +/- 90 vs. 73 +/- 42 x 10(3) micro m(2), respectively). Estrogen therapy in OV mice blunted the CETP dependent differences in plasma lipoproteins, oxLDL antibodies, and atherosclerosis severity. Macrophages from OV CETP(+) mice took up less labeled cholesteryl ether (CEt) from acetyl-LDL than macrophages from OV CETP(-) mice. Estrogen replacement induced a further reduction in CEt uptake and an elevation in HDL mediated cholesterol efflux from pre-loaded OV CETP(+) as compared with OV CETP(-) macrophages. These findings support the proposed anti-atherogenic role of CETP in specific metabolic settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Cazita
- Laboratório de Lípides, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
NAITO M, WU X, LIN JM, KIMURA A, KODAMA M, TAKADA A, OKADA T, OSAWA T. Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Fermented Fresh Coffee Bean, Soybean and Rice Bran Extracts. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2003. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.9.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
19
|
Zaratin A, Gidlund M, Boschcov P, Castilho L, de Faria EC. Antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein in normolipidemic smokers. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90:651-3. [PMID: 12231098 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(02)02576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agueda Zaratin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, NMCE, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|