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Zeng CR, Gao JW, Wu MX, You S, Chen ZT, Gao QY, Cai ZX, Liu PM, Cai YW, Liang XT, Cai JW, Liao GH, Chen N, Huang ZG, Wang JF, Zhang HF, Chen YX. Dietary vitamin C and vitamin E with the risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection: A prospective population-based cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1407-1415. [PMID: 38664127 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The associations between dietary vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) intake and aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remain unclear. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the associations between dietary VC and VE with the incident risk of AAD. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 139 477 participants of UK Biobank cohort were included in the analysis. Dietary VC and VE consumptions were acquired through a 24-h recall questionnaire. Cox proportional regression models were used to examine the associations between VC, VE intake and the risk of AAD. Incident AAD was ascertained through hospital inpatient records and death registers. During a median follow-up of 12.5 years, 962 incident AAD events were documented. Both dietary VC [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.77; 95 % confidence intervals (CI), 0.63-0.93; P-trend = 0.008] and VE (adjusted HR, 0.70; 95 % CI, 0.57-0.87; P-trend = 0.002) were inversely associated with incident AAD when comparing the participants in the highest quartile with those in the lowest. In subgroup analyses, the associations were more pronounced in participants who were over 60 years old, participants with smoking history, hypertension or hyperlipidemia, who were under the high risk of AAD. CONCLUSION Higher dietary VC and VE intakes are associated with reduced risk of AAD. Our study emphasizes the importance of diet adjustment strategies targeted on VC and VE to lower the incidence rate of AAD especially in the high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Rui Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Xiong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si You
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Teng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Xi Cai
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Wei Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Wen Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hong Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Gui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Polcaro LM, Samani MR, Piacente S, Masullo M. Development of a New Extraction Method for Pomegranate and Metabolite Profiling by a LC-MS and 1H NMR Combined Approach. Foods 2024; 13:1429. [PMID: 38790729 PMCID: PMC11120047 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) market has steadily grown due to the increasing demand of health-conscious consumers of products with health-promoting effects. Recently, a growing interest in developing ecological and environmentally friendly extraction methods has led to investigating extraction procedures to obtain a higher extraction yield using a lower amount of solvents and energy. Herein, a new extraction procedure was developed to obtain an enriched pomegranate food supplement by using the peels of pomegranate, cultivar "Dente di Cavallo" and its juice. The extraction was performed through a non-conventional extraction technique like SLDE-Naviglio using ethanol and pomegranate juice as a solvent, and peels as a matrix. The extract was analysed by a combined approach based on LCESI/QExactive/MS/MS and NMR analysis, and its chemical profile was compared with those of pomegranate juice and of the extract obtained from peels by SLDE-Naviglio by using ethanol:H2O. The LC-MS analysis highlighted the presence of hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and phenol glucoside derivatives, while 1H NMR analysis completed the profile by detecting the primary metabolites. The LC-MS and 1H NMR analysis indicated that the extract obtained by SLDE-Naviglio using ethanol and pomegranate juice was enriched in the bioactives as confirmed by the highest phenolic, tannin and flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maria Polcaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marzieh Rahmani Samani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (L.M.P.); (M.R.S.); (M.M.)
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3
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Pintado-Herrera MG, Aguirre-Martínez GV, Martin-Díaz LM, Blasco J, Lara-Martín PA, Sendra M. Personal care products: an emerging threat to the marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20461-20476. [PMID: 38376785 PMCID: PMC10927873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in understanding the behavior of personal care products (PCPs) in the aquatic environment. In this regard, the aim of this study is to estimate the accumulation and effects of four PCPs within the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The PCPs selected were triclosan, OTNE, benzophenone-3, and octocrylene. A progressive uptake was observed and maximum concentrations in tissues were reached at the end of the exposure phase, up to levels of 0.68 µg g-1, 24 µg g-1, 0.81 µg g-1, and 1.52 µg g-1 for OTNE, BP-3, OC, and TCS, respectively. After the PCP post-exposure period, the removal percentages were higher than 65%. The estimated logarithm bioconcentration factor ranged from 3.34 to 2.93, in concordance with the lipophobicity of each substance. No lethal effects were found although significant changes were observed for ethoxyresorufin O-demethylase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), 11510, Cadiz, Spain.
| | | | - Laura M Martin-Díaz
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Rio S. Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI•MAR), 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Sendra
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos S/N, 09001, Burgos, Spain
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4
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Tenchov R, Sasso JM, Wang X, Zhou QA. Antiaging Strategies and Remedies: A Landscape of Research Progress and Promise. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:408-446. [PMID: 38214973 PMCID: PMC10853939 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is typified by a gradual loss of physiological fitness and accumulation of cellular damage, leading to deteriorated functions and enhanced vulnerability to diseases. Antiaging research has a long history throughout civilization, with many efforts put forth to understand and prevent the effects of aging. Multiple strategies aiming to promote healthy aging and extend the lifespan have been developed including lifestyle adjustments, medical treatments, and social programs. A multitude of antiaging medicines and remedies have also been explored. Here, we use data from the CAS Content Collection to analyze the publication landscape of recent research related to antiaging strategies and treatments. We review the recent advances and delineate trends in research headway of antiaging knowledge and practice across time, geography, and development pipelines. We further assess the state-of-the-art antiaging approaches and explore their correlations with age-related diseases. The landscape of antiaging drugs has been outlined and explored. Well-recognized and novel, currently evaluated antiaging agents have also been summarized. Finally, we review clinical applications of antiaging products with their development pipelines. The objective of this review is to summarize current knowledge on preventive strategies and treatment remedies in the field of aging, to outline challenges and evaluate growth opportunities, in order to further efforts to solve the problems that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Janet M. Sasso
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Xinmei Wang
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a Division of the American
Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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5
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Biswas A, Deo C, Sharma D, Matin A, Tiwari AK. Production performance, haematological parameters, serum biochemistry, and expression of HSP-70 in broiler chickens fed dietary ascorbic acid during heat stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:33-43. [PMID: 37897559 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to assess the efficacy of supplemental ascorbic acid (AA) on broiler chicken production performance, blood haematological profile, biochemical profile, and carcass traits under heat stress conditions. A total of 192-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each with six replicates of eight each (4 × 6 × 8). Four corn-based dietary treatments were formulated: T1 (control diet), T2 (T1 + AA at 200 mg/kg), T3 (T1 + AA at 400 mg/kg), and T4 (T1 + AA at 600 mg/kg) for a period of 42 days. Despite the high temperature and humidity, the 600 mg AA supplemental groups (T4) gained significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more body weight and had a higher feed intake and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the control group (T1). After 28 days of feeding the three AA-supplemented diets, antibody titres (humoral immune response) were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05). The response to intradermally injected phyto-haemagglutinin (PHA-P), an index of the in vivo cell-mediated immune response, was found to be increased (P ≤ 0.05) in the 400 and 600 mg AA-supplemented groups after 35 days. Higher levels of AA (T4) supplementation significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved haematological values such as haemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), and differential leukocyte count (DLC), heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) in comparison to the control group (T1). The supplemented group improved the serum biochemical profile of the birds, with an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in total serum protein, albumin, and globulin and a decrease in serum cholesterol and corticosterone levels in the T4 group compared to the control group. Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) was gradually elevated after increasing the ascorbic acid concentration (P ≤ 0.05) at 14 and 21 days. As a result, it can be concluded that supplementing ascorbic acid at 600 mg/kg is beneficial for improving the performance, immunity, and blood haematological biochemical profile and upregulating the HSP-70 gene of broiler chickens under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Biswas
- Division of Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
| | - Chandra Deo
- Division of Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Division of Nutrition and Feed Technology, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Ansari Matin
- Division of Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
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6
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Lee J, Tang JCY, Dutton J, Dunn R, Fraser WD, Enright K, Clark DR, Stewart CE, Erskine RM. The collagen synthesis response to an acute bout of resistance exercise is greater when ingesting 30 g versus 15 g and 0 g hydrolyzed collagen in resistance-trained young men. J Nutr 2023:S0022-3166(23)72738-7. [PMID: 38007183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise (RE) stimulates collagen synthesis in skeletal muscle and tendon but there is limited and equivocal evidence regarding an effect of collagen supplementation and exercise on collagen synthesis. Furthermore, it is not known if a dose-response exists regarding the effect of hydrolyzed collagen (HC) ingestion and RE on collagen synthesis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the HC dose-response effect on collagen synthesis following high-intensity RE in resistance-trained young men. METHODS Using a double-blind, randomized cross-over design, 10 resistance-trained men (age: 26±3 years; height: 1.77±0.04 m; mass: 79.7±7.0 kg) ingested 0g, 15g or 30g HC with 50mg vitamin C 1h prior to performing four sets' barbell back-squat RE at 10-repetition maximum load, after which they rested for six hours. Blood samples were collected throughout each of the three interventions to analyse procollagen type Ⅰ N-terminal propeptide (PⅠNP) and β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) concentration, and the concentration of 18 collagen amino acids. RESULTS The serum PⅠNP concentration×time area-under-the-curve (AUC) was greater for 30g (267±79 μg∙L-1∙h) than 15g (235±70 μg∙L-1∙h, P=0.039) and 0g HC (219±88 μg∙L-1∙h, P=0.005) but there was no difference between 0g and 15g HC (P=0.675). The AUCs of glycine and proline were greater for 30g than for 15g and 0g HC (P<0.05). Plasma β-CTX concentration decreased from -1h to +6h (P<0.05), with no differences between interventions. CONCLUSION The greater PINP AUC suggests 30g HC ingested prior to high-intensity RE augments whole body collagen synthesis more than 15g and 0g HC in resistance-trained young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsung Lee
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan C Y Tang
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - John Dutton
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Dunn
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Bioanalytical Facility, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Biochemistry, Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK; Departments of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Kevin Enright
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - David R Clark
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claire E Stewart
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Bhoot HR, Zamwar UM, Chakole S, Anjankar A. Dietary Sources, Bioavailability, and Functions of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) and Its Role in the Common Cold, Tissue Healing, and Iron Metabolism. Cureus 2023; 15:e49308. [PMID: 38146585 PMCID: PMC10749424 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is also popularly known as vitamin C or ascorbate. It is a water-soluble vitamin. Ascorbic acid is necessary for bone formation, wound healing, connective tissue growth, and the maintenance of healthy gum tissue. Antioxidants like ascorbic acid shield the body from free radical damage. In many illnesses and conditions, vitamin C is employed as a medicinal agent. It improves the immunity of the body, reduces the severity of allergies, and aids in the management of infectious disorders. Additionally, ascorbic acid has health benefits for conditions including atherosclerosis, cancer, the common cold, iron deficiency anemia, etc. Therefore, continuous efforts may open new avenues to understand the importance of vitamin C in managing various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit R Bhoot
- Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Udit M Zamwar
- Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swarupa Chakole
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ashish Anjankar
- Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Kunc N, Hudina M, Mikulic-Petkovsek M, Osterc G. Breeding of Modern Rose Cultivars Decreases the Content of Important Biochemical Compounds in Rose Hips. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3734. [PMID: 37960092 PMCID: PMC10649251 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the content and composition of bioactive compounds in autochthonous rose hips (R. pendulina, R. spinosissima, and R. gallica) and to compare them with the content of bioactive compounds in some cultivars ('Harstad', 'Bourgogne', 'Mount Everest', 'Poppius', 'Fruhlingsduft', 'Single Cherry', 'Fruhlingsmorgen', 'Violacea', and 'Splendens') derived from these main species. Due to insufficient information on how bioactive compound content changes when crossing roses, this study also sought to ascertain whether modern rose hip cultivars are still a sufficiently rich source of bioactive compounds and could, therefore, be potentially used as a functional food. All material was collected in the Arboretum Volčji Potok (Slovenia). The ascorbic acid content was highest in the 'Harstad' cultivar (12.79 g/kg FW), and the total organic acid content varied from 1.57 g/kg FW (R. spinosissima) to 34.39 g/kg FW ('Harstad'). Of all the carotenoids analyzed, only lycopene and β-carotene were present in all the samples. The total carotenoid content was highest in the 'Fruhlingsmorgen' cultivar (100.84 mg/kg FW), derived from R. spinosissima, and lowest in the main species, R. spinosissima (9.26 mg/kg FW). It can be concluded, therefore, that the content of bioactive compounds in rose hips of modern cultivars is generally lower than in rose hips of old cultivars and original species included in this study. The research results confirm that modern breeding strategies are mainly focused on goals such as abundant flowering and resistance to diseases and pests and not so much on the content of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kunc
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (M.M.-P.); (G.O.)
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9
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Cruz-Padilla J, Reyes V, Cavender G, Chotiko A, Gratzek J, Mis Solval K. Comparative Analysis of Concurrent (CC), Mixed Flow (MX), and Combined Spray Drying Configurations on the Physicochemical Characteristics of Satsuma Mandarin ( Citrus unshiu) Juice Powders. Foods 2023; 12:3514. [PMID: 37761223 PMCID: PMC10530200 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Satsuma mandarins are good sources of vitamin C and can be used as raw materials to produce novel plant-based food ingredients including satsuma mandarin juice powders (SJP). Food powders produced via spray drying often show thermal degradation due to the drying conditions and high drying air temperatures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using different spray drying configurations, including concurrent (CC), mixed flow (MX), and combined (CC + MX), at two inlet air temperatures (160 and 180 °C) on the physicochemical properties of SJP. Remarkably, SJP produced using the CC spray drying configuration exhibited a higher vitamin C content (3.56-4.01 mg/g) and lower moisture levels (15.18-16.35 g/100 g) than powders produced via MX or CC + MX. The vitamin C content of MX and CC + MX powders ranged from 2.88 to 3.33 mg/g. Meanwhile, all SJP had water activity values below 0.19. Furthermore, MX powders displayed the largest mean particle sizes (D50) (8.69-8.83 µm), higher agglomeration, and a rapid dissolution. Despite these differences, all SJP variants exhibited consistent color, surface area, and pore volumes. Notably, powders dried at higher inlet air temperatures (180 °C) showed less vitamin C content and increased thermal damage when compared with powders dried at 160 °C inlet air temperature. This study demonstrated the feasibility of producing high-quality SJP with an extended shelf life. SJP can be used as a novel plant-based ingredient in different food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cruz-Padilla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.C.-P.); (V.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Vondel Reyes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.C.-P.); (V.R.); (J.G.)
| | - George Cavender
- Department of Food, Nutrition, and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Arranee Chotiko
- Division of Food Science and Technology Management, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Bangkok 12110, Thailand;
| | - James Gratzek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.C.-P.); (V.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Kevin Mis Solval
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; (J.C.-P.); (V.R.); (J.G.)
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10
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UZUN E, BALABANLI DDB, CEVHER ŞC. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Supplementation Enhance Skin Antioxidant Capacity in Hyperglycemic Rats. GAZI UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1082697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental reasons for delayed wound healing in diabetic animals include inadequate production of growth factors or their increased devastation. Vascular Growth Factor (VEGF) has a biological role in the healing process of mucosal and skin wounds, especially in the process of new vessel formation. We planned to examine the oxidant-antioxidant events that occur during healing with topical VEGF application in diabetic rats. Experiments were performed 36 adults female Wistar albino rat diabetes induced by streptozotocin. The incisional wounds were made on the dorsal region in the rats. Rats were separated to 3 groups: the untreated (negative control) group (n=12), the chitosan group (n=12), the chitosan + VEGF group (n=12). The treatments were continued for 3 and 7 days, excluding the control and negative control groups. Then, the animals were sacrificed on the 3rd and 7th days of wound healing. Antioxidant and oxidant parameters in skin tissue were measured using biochemical methods. Topical VEGF application was decreased the NOx levels on the 3rd day compared to other groups. Moreover, it increased wound tissue GSH and AA levels, subsequently contributing to the enhance tissue antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, VEGF application increases the antioxidant capacity of the tissue and simultaneously reduces the oxidative stress and thus gives a positive acceleration to the wound healing process.
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11
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Markoulli M, Ahmad S, Arcot J, Arita R, Benitez-Del-Castillo J, Caffery B, Downie LE, Edwards K, Flanagan J, Labetoulle M, Misra SL, Mrugacz M, Singh S, Sheppard J, Vehof J, Versura P, Willcox MDP, Ziemanski J, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of nutrition on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:226-271. [PMID: 37100346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and water. All nutrients serve as a source of energy, provide structural support to the body and/or regulate the chemical processes of the body. Food and drinks also consist of non-nutrients that may be beneficial (e.g., antioxidants) or harmful (e.g., dyes or preservatives added to processed foods) to the body and the ocular surface. There is also a complex interplay between systemic disorders and an individual's nutritional status. Changes in the gut microbiome may lead to alterations at the ocular surface. Poor nutrition may exacerbate select systemic conditions. Similarly, certain systemic conditions may affect the uptake, processing and distribution of nutrients by the body. These disorders may lead to deficiencies in micro- and macro-nutrients that are important in maintaining ocular surface health. Medications used to treat these conditions may also cause ocular surface changes. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases is climbing worldwide. This report sought to review the evidence supporting the impact of nutrition on the ocular surface, either directly or as a consequence of the chronic diseases that result. To address a key question, a systematic review investigated the effects of intentional food restriction on ocular surface health; of the 25 included studies, most investigated Ramadan fasting (56%), followed by bariatric surgery (16%), anorexia nervosa (16%), but none were judged to be of high quality, with no randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sumayya Ahmad
- Icahn School of Medicine of Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jayashree Arcot
- Food and Health, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Reiko Arita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Itoh Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katie Edwards
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith Flanagan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Vision CRC, USA
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Bicêtre, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; IDMIT (CEA-Paris Saclay-Inserm U1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Sheppard
- Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Jelle Vehof
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Piera Versura
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Analysis - Translation Research Laboratory, Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Italy; IRCCS AOU di Bologna Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jillian Ziemanski
- School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Yin X, Li J, Bose D, Okamoto J, Kwon A, Jackson AU, Silva LF, Oravilahti A, Stringham HM, Ripatti S, Daly M, Palotie A, Scott LJ, Burant CF, Fauman EB, Wen X, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Morrison J. Metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization characterizes heterogeneous and shared causal effects of metabolites on human health. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.26.23291721. [PMID: 37425837 PMCID: PMC10327254 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.23291721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites are small molecules that are useful for estimating disease risk and elucidating disease biology. Nevertheless, their causal effects on human diseases have not been evaluated comprehensively. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization to systematically infer the causal effects of 1,099 plasma metabolites measured in 6,136 Finnish men from the METSIM study on risk of 2,099 binary disease endpoints measured in 309,154 Finnish individuals from FinnGen. We identified evidence for 282 causal effects of 70 metabolites on 183 disease endpoints (FDR<1%). We found 25 metabolites with potential causal effects across multiple disease domains, including ascorbic acid 2-sulfate affecting 26 disease endpoints in 12 disease domains. Our study suggests that N-acetyl-2-aminooctanoate and glycocholenate sulfate affect risk of atrial fibrillation through two distinct metabolic pathways and that N-methylpipecolate may mediate the causal effect of N6, N6-dimethyllysine on anxious personality disorder. This study highlights the broad causal impact of plasma metabolites and widespread metabolic connections across diseases.
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13
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Koyama Y, Kobayashi Y, Kobayashi H, Shimada S. Diverse Possibilities of Si-Based Agent, a Unique New Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051061. [PMID: 37237927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant therapy is an effective approach for treating diseases in which oxidative stress is involved in the onset of symptoms. This approach aims to rapidly replenish the antioxidant substances in the body when they are depleted due to excess oxidative stress. Importantly, a supplemented antioxidant must specifically eliminate harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) without reacting with physiologically beneficial ROS, which are important to the body. In this regard, typically used antioxidant therapies can be effective, but may cause adverse effects due to their lack of specificity. We believe that Si-based agents are epoch-making drugs that can overcome these problems associated with current antioxidative therapy. These agents alleviate the symptoms of oxidative-stress-associated diseases by generating large amounts of the antioxidant hydrogen in the body. Moreover, Si-based agents are expected to be highly effective therapeutic drug candidates because they have anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects. In this review, we discuss Si-based agents and their potential future applications in antioxidant therapy. There have been several reports of hydrogen generation from silicon nanoparticles, but unfortunately, none have been approved as pharmaceutical agents. Therefore, we believe that our research into medical applications using Si-based agents is a breakthrough in this research field. The knowledge obtained thus far from animal models of pathology may greatly contribute to the improvement of existing treatment methods and the development of new treatment methods. We hope that this review will further revitalize the research field of antioxidants and lead to the commercialization of Si-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Koyama
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | | | | | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
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14
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Pruteanu LL, Bailey DS, Grădinaru AC, Jäntschi L. The Biochemistry and Effectiveness of Antioxidants in Food, Fruits, and Marine Algae. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040860. [PMID: 37107235 PMCID: PMC10135154 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is more effective to maintain good health than to regain it after losing it. This work focuses on the biochemical defense mechanisms against free radicals and their role in building and maintaining antioxidant shields, aiming to show how to balance, as much as possible, the situations in which we are exposed to free radicals. To achieve this aim, foods, fruits, and marine algae with a high antioxidant content should constitute the basis of nutritional elements, since natural products are known to have significantly greater assimilation efficiency. This review also gives the perspective in which the use of antioxidants can extend the life of food products, by protecting them from damage caused by oxidation as well as their use as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Lorena Pruteanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, North University Center at Baia Mare, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 430122 Baia Mare, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Stanley Bailey
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd., St Johns Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK
| | - Andrei Cristian Grădinaru
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences of Iaşi, 700490 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Lorentz Jäntschi
- Institute of Doctoral Studies, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Mciteka LP. A Synthesis Review of Vitamins Involved in the Fight against Covid‐19. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lulama P. Mciteka
- University of the Western Cape Department of Chemistry Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
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16
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Phenolic profile and pigment stability of Hylocereus species grown in North-East India. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Jia M, Zhu SQ, Wang YH, Liu JX, Tan SS, Liu H, Shu S, Tao JP, Xiong AS. Morphological characteristics, anatomical structure, and dynamic change of ascorbic acid under different storage conditions of celery. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:21-33. [PMID: 35396652 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is a crucial antioxidant in vegetables. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable of Apiaceae and is rich in AsA. Till now, the effects of different storage conditions on celery morphological characteristics, anatomical features, and antioxidant accumulation are unclear. Here, the celery cvs. 'Sijixiaoxiangqin' and 'Liuhehuangxinqin' were selected as experimental materials, and the two celery plants grown for 65 days were harvested from soils and stored in light at room temperature (25 °C), darkness at low temperature (4 °C), and darkness at room temperature (25 °C) for 0, 6, 24, 30, 48, and 54 h, respectively. The results showed that celery in darkness had better water retention capacity than celery in light. Morphological changes in celery mesophyll, leaf veins, and petioles were the least in darkness at low temperature (4 °C). The weight loss rate and wilting degree in darkness at low temperature (4 °C) were the lowest, and the AsA content remained at a high level. The expression patterns of GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (AgGMP) and L-galactose dehydrogenase (AgGalDH) were similar to the change of AsA content. The results indicated that low temperature and dark was the optimized storage condition for 'Sijixiaoxiangqin' and 'Liuhehuangxinqin' celery. AgGMP and AgGalDH genes may play an important role in the accumulation of AsA in celery. This paper will provide potential references for prolonging the shelf life of celery and other horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie-Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan-Shan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Suqian Academy of Protected Horticultures, Suqian, 223800, China
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Luo Z, Zhang J, Xiang M, Zeng J, Chen J, Chen M. Exogenous melatonin treatment affects ascorbic acid metabolism in postharvest ‘Jinyan’ kiwifruit. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1081476. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1081476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important nutritious substance in fruits, and it also can maintain the biological activity of fruits during storage. This research investigated the effect of exogenous melatonin (MT) on AsA metabolism in postharvest kiwifruit. Our results indicated that exogenous MT delayed the decrease of fruit firmness and titratable acid (TA), inhibited the increase of soluble solids content (SSC), reduced the respiration rate and ethylene production, and maintained a higher AsA content in kiwifruit during storage. The high expression of L-galactose pathway key genes in the early storage and regeneration genes in the later storage maintained the AsA content in postharvest kiwifruit. MT treatment enhanced the expression levels of AsA biosynthesis (AcGME2, AcGalDH, and AcGalLDH) and regeneration (AcGR, AcDHAR, and AcMDHAR1) genes. Meanwhile, the expression of the degradation gene AcAO was inhibited in MT-treated kiwifruits.
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19
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Amagloh FC, Kaaya AN, Yada B, Chelangat DM, Katungisa A, Amagloh FK, Tumuhimbise GA. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in peeled and unpeeled sweetpotato roots of different varieties and clones in Uganda. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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20
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Gökçay H, Köse H, Ağaç T, Solmaz M. Brief Psychotic Episode After Vitamin C Overdose Due to Fear of Getting COVID-19. Psychiatr Ann 2022; 52:442-444. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20220927-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by the new coronavirus SARSCoV-2 is a global public health problem. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is low-cost, safe, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating, and has viral load-reducing effects when taken as a supplement. In addition, vitamin C neutralizes free radicals and protects the body against cellular damage, and it can provide a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases by regulating the production of free radicals via nitric oxide. This situation makes ascorbic acid a notable treatment candidate for preventing the worsening of COVID-19. In our case, we present a patient who had a brief psychotic episode following ingestion of high-dose vitamin C due to fear of getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. The psychotic episode may have developed due to increased levels of circulating vitamin C in the central nervous system, which may affect dopamine and GABA levels and changes in NMDA receptor function in the brain. We aim to draw attention to possible neurotoxicity and inflammation caused by free radicals on neuropsychiatric diseases.
[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2022;52(10):442–444.]
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21
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Amagloh FC, Kaaya AN, Tumuhimbise GA, Katungisa A, Amagloh FK, Yada B. Household Processing Methods and Their Impact on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Sweetpotato Genotypes of Varying Storage Root Flesh Colours. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101867. [PMID: 36290590 PMCID: PMC9598835 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweetpotato storage roots, peeled and unpeeled, of varying flesh colours (white, cream, yellow, pale orange, deep orange, and purple) were spectrophotometrically evaluated for their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities. Roots were boiled, steamed, baked, fried, or microwaved. The unpeeled roots had relatively higher (p < 0.001) bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities than the peeled ones. All cooking methods increased phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins in all genotypes. Significant losses of total carotenoids occurred with all cooking methods (ranging from 24.18 to 172.76 µg/g in raw sweetpotatoes vs. 10.06 to 118.17 µg/g in cooked ones; p < 0.001), except the deep-orange-fleshed genotype, in which frying slightly increased carotenoids from 269.81 to 304.74 µg/g. Microwaving retained 69% vitamin C in the cream-fleshed one, the highest among the cooking methods. Anthocyanins decreased with baking and frying in the purple-fleshed one but increased with other methods; microwaving being highest at 13.9% (17.43 mg/g). While the 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid antioxidant activity decreased with all cooking techniques in some genotypes, ferricyanide-reducing antioxidant potential increased. The retention of bioactive compounds in sweetpotato storage roots depends on the processing method. Thus, to obtain the most health benefits, consumers should use different cooking methods but retain the peels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora C. Amagloh
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
- CSIR—Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale P.O. Box TL 52, Ghana
| | - Archileo N. Kaaya
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Gaston A. Tumuhimbise
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-Engineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Arnold Katungisa
- Root Crops Program, National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organisation, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda
| | - Francis K. Amagloh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1882, Ghana
| | - Benard Yada
- Root Crops Program, National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Organisation, Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda
- Correspondence:
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22
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Derafa W, Aggoun D, Messasma Z, Houchi S, Bouacida S, Ourari A. An unexpected single crystal structure of nickel(II) complex: Spectral, DFT, NLO, magnetic and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022; 1264:133190. [PMID: 35531369 PMCID: PMC9055260 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the study of a synthesized nickel complex as a possible inhibitor against the main protease (Mpro) of the recent emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Overall, the template reaction of 3-acetyl-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one with nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) medium leads to the formation of neutral nickel complex. This resulting complex is formulated as [Ni(DHA)2(DMF)2] on the basis of FT-IR, UV-Vis., single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, magnetic susceptibility and CV measurements as well as DFT quantum chemical calculations. Its single crystal suggests was found to be surrounded by the both pairs of molecules of DHA and DMF through six oxygen atoms with octahedral coordination sphere. The obtained magnetic susceptibilities are positive and agree with its paramagnetic state. In addition to the experimental investigations, optimized geometry, spectroscopic and electronic properties were also performed using DFT calculation with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of this complex are again examined. Some suitable quantum descriptors (EHOMO, ELUMO, Energy gap, Global hardness), Milliken atomic charge, Electrophilic potion and Molecular Electrostatic Potential) have been elegantly described. Molecular docking results demonstrated that the docked nickel complex displayed remarkable binding energy with Mpro. Besides, important molecular properties and ADME pharmacokinetic profiles of possible Mpro inhibitors were assessed by in silico prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassila Derafa
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Molecular Engineering and Redox Catalysis, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria,Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Djouhra Aggoun
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Molecular Engineering and Redox Catalysis, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria,Chemistry Department, Faculty of sciences, University Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000 Algeria,Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Molecular Engineering and Redox Catalysis, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
| | - Zakia Messasma
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Molecular Engineering and Redox Catalysis, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria,Chemistry Department, Faculty of sciences, University Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000 Algeria
| | - Selma Houchi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000 Algeria,Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000 Algeria
| | - Sofiane Bouacida
- Department of Sciences of Matter, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Oum El Bouaghi University, 04000, Algeria,Research Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Molecular Structural CHEMS, University of the Mentouri Brothers, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ali Ourari
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Molecular Engineering and Redox Catalysis, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of technology, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
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23
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Zeng X, Li H, Jiang W, Li Q, Xi Y, Wang X, Li J. Phytochemical compositions, health-promoting properties and food applications of crabapples: A review. Food Chem 2022; 386:132789. [PMID: 35344722 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crabapples belong to the genus Malus (Rosaceae), which are small sized edible fruits with unique aroma and taste. According to previous studies, crabapples are rich in bioactive compounds and possess a series of health-promoting properties. Various crabapple-based food products and additives have also been developed by different research groups in recent years. In this paper, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the phytochemical compositions, health-promoting properties and food applications of crabapples for the first time. It is shown that crabapples are good sources of polyphenols, terpenoids, vitamins, lipids, fibers, soluble sugars, microelements, organic acids and amino acids, which exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and/or in vivo. Nowadays, the crabapple fruits have been successfully utilized to produce vinegar, jam, mixed beverage, fruit bar/gelatinized layers and lipophilic antioxidant. In a word, crabapples may have great potential in the development of new functional food and drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Zeng
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - He Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Li
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, PR China.
| | - Yu Xi
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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24
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Strain Development, Substrate Utilization, and Downstream Purification of Vitamin C. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, C6H8O6, is a water-soluble vitamin that is widespread in nature. It is an essential nutrient involved in many biological processes in the living organisms: it enhances collagen biosynthesis, ensures the optimal functioning of enzymes and the immune system, has a major role in lipid and iron metabolism, and it enhances the biosynthesis of l-carnitine. Due to its antioxidant activity, vitamin C can neutralize the tissue-damaging effects of free radicals. Vitamin C is being related to the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This review includes current information on the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid, as new methods are now challenging the traditional Reichstein process for vitamin C’s industrial-scale production. Different strains were analyzed in correlation with their ability to synthesize ascorbic acid, and several separation techniques were investigated for a more effective production of vitamin C.
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Vitamin C Lowers Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I Production in a Frequency-Dependent Manner. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9095857. [PMID: 35845596 PMCID: PMC9286971 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9095857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lowering blood pressure effect of vitamin C (VC) has been evaluated in various models. As VC has a fast degradation rate in the body after consumption, a study of the frequency-dependent manner of VC is essential for the sustained antihypertension effect of VC. In this study, we investigated the frequency and dose dependency of vitamin C (VC) on blood pressure reduction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKYs) and SHRs were orally administered tap water or VC (250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/60 kg/day). Blood pressures were measured using the tail-cuff method, and thoracic aortas, liver, and blood were harvested from sacrificed rats after 8 weeks to measure angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and total nitric oxide (NOx) concentration. VC decreased blood pressure from the fourth week with no significant differences between doses. The twice-a-day administration of VC decreased blood pressure from the second week, and the blood pressure in these groups was close to that of the WKY group in the eighth week. Treatment with once a day VC decreased ACE I production which was further significantly reduced in twice a day groups. Angiotensinogen and eNOS production were increased upon VC treatment but were not significant among groups. The NOx content was decreased by VC treatment. These results suggest that VC lowers blood pressure in SHRs by directly targeting ACE I production in a frequency-dependent manner and may improve endothelial function depending on the frequency of administration.
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Opioids and Vitamin C: Known Interactions and Potential for Redox-Signaling Crosstalk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071267. [PMID: 35883757 PMCID: PMC9312198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most widely used classes of pharmacologically active compounds both clinically and recreationally. Beyond their analgesic efficacy via μ opioid receptor (MOR) agonism, a prominent side effect is central respiratory depression, leading to systemic hypoxia and free radical generation. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid; AA) is an essential antioxidant vitamin and is involved in the recycling of redox cofactors associated with inflammation. While AA has been shown to reduce some of the negative side effects of opioids, the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. The present review seeks to provide a signaling framework under which MOR activation and AA may interact. AA can directly quench reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induced by opioids, yet this activity alone does not sufficiently describe observations. Downstream of MOR activation, confounding effects from AA with STAT3, HIF1α, and NF-κB have the potential to block production of antioxidant proteins such as nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase. Further mechanistic research is necessary to understand the underlying signaling crosstalk of MOR activation and AA in the amelioration of the negative, potentially fatal side effects of opioids.
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27
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Lim HC, Jang SJ, Cho Y, Cho H, Prasad GV, Shin IS, Venkatachalam V, Kim TH. Graphene Quantum Dot‐Doped PEDOT for the Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chul Lim
- Sangji University Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy 83 Sanjidae-gil 26339 Wonju KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Seung-Joo Jang
- Soonchunhyang University Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yujin Cho
- Soonchunhyang University Department of Chemistry KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hyunju Cho
- Soonchunhyang University Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Graduate School KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | | | - Ik-Soo Shin
- Soongsil University Department of ICMC Convergence Technology KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | | | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Soonchunhyang University Chemistry 22 Soonchunhyang-ro 31538 Asan KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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28
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Intestinal and colonic bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from fruit smoothies as affected by the thermal processing and the storage conditions. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid Content in Cabbage Using Anthraquinone Modified Carbon Paste Electrode. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7154170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a low-cost, sensitive, and efficient voltammetric method based on anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode was developed for determination of ascorbic acid in cabbage samples. After cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid and to study dependence of oxidative peak current on scan rate and pH, square wave voltammetric method was developed for direct determination of ascorbic acid in cabbage samples. In contrast to the unmodified carbon paste electrode, a remarkable enhancement in oxidative peak current at anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode confirmed electrocatalytic property of the modifier towards oxidation of ascorbic acid. A better correlation coefficient for the dependence of peak current on the square root of scan rate (
) than on the scan rate (
) indicated that the oxidation of ascorbic acid at anthraquinone modified carbon paste electrode is predominantly governed by diffusion-controlled process. Square wave amplitude, square wave step potential, and square wave frequency are optimized for the investigation of AA in cabbage. The optimized values are 30 mV, 7 mV, and 35 Hz, respectively. Under the optimized method and solution parameters, an excellent linear response was observed between square wave voltammetric peak current of AQMCPE and concentration of ascorbic acid in the range
to
M with a better correlation coefficient (
) and detection limit (
M). The ascorbic acid content of the three cabbage samples from three different cabbage growing areas was found in the range
–
mg/g of powdered cabbage. Excellent recovery results between 95.042 and 96.139% for spiked ascorbic acid in cabbage samples confirmed the potential applicability of the developed method based on AQMCPE for the determination of ascorbic acid in real samples like cabbage.
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30
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Foudah AI, Alam P, Shakeel F, Alam A, Salkini MA, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Ross SA. A Simple, Cost-Effective, and Green HPTLC Method for the Estimation of Ascorbic Acid in Solvent and Ultrasound-Assisted Extracts of Phyllanthus emblica, Capsicum annuum, and Psidium guajava. AGRONOMY 2022; 12:1016. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Greener analytical methodologies for the estimation of ascorbic acid (AA) are poorly reported in the literature. Furthermore, the green indexes of the literature’s analytical assays of AA estimation have not been assessed. As a consequence, the aim of this research is to invent and validate a simple, cost-effective, and green reverse-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” method for the estimating AA in the solvent extracts (SE) and ultrasound-assisted extracts (UAE) of Phyllanthus emblica, Psidium guajava, and Capsicum annuum. The greener mobile phase for AA estimation was a binary mixture of water and ethanol (70:30, v/v). At a wavelength of 265 nm, the detection of AA was carried out. The greener HPTLC technique was linear in the 25–1200 ng/band range. In addition, the method was simple, cost-effective, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, and green. The amount of AA was highest in the SE and UAE of P. emblica compared to the SE and UAE of P. guajava and C. annuum. The amount of AA in the SE of P. emblica, P. guajava, and C. annuum was found to be 491.16, 168.91, and 144.30 mg/100 g, respectively. However, the amount of AA in the UAE of P. emblica, P. guajava, and C. annuum was found to be 673.02, 218.71, and 199.30 mg/100 g, respectively. Using the “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” methodology, the greenness index for the developed method was calculated to be 0.88, showing that the developed method has an excellent green profile. When it came to extracting AA, the UAE method outperformed the SE method. These findings suggested that the developed method might be used to estimate the AA in a variety of vegetable crops, plant-based extracts, and commercial formulations. Furthermore, because of the use of greener solvent systems against the commonly utilized hazardous solvent systems for AA determination, this technique is also safe and sustainable.
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31
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Xu K, Peng R, Zou Y, Jiang X, Sun Q, Song C. Vitamin C intake and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:588-599. [PMID: 35291895 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2048359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to assess the existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses for the association between vitamin C intake and multiple health outcomes. A total of 76 meta-analyses (51 papers) of randomised controlled trials and observational studies with 63 unique health outcomes were identified. Dose-response analysis showed that vitamin C intake was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancer with an increment of 50-100 mg per day. Beneficial associations were also identified for respiratory, neurological, ophthalmologic, musculoskeletal, renal and dental outcomes. Harmful associations were found for breast cancer and kidney stones for vitamin C supplement intake. The benefits of vitamin C intake outweigh the disadvantages for a range of health outcomes. However, the recommendation of vitamin C supplements needs to be cautious. More prospective studies and well-designed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedi Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Teaching and Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanlin Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoru Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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32
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Djukic T, Stevanovic G, Coric V, Bukumiric Z, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Matic M, Jerotic D, Todorovic N, Asanin M, Ercegovac M, Ranin J, Milosevic I, Savic-Radojevic A, Simic T. GSTO1, GSTO2 and ACE2 Polymorphisms Modify Susceptibility to Developing COVID-19. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030458. [PMID: 35330457 PMCID: PMC8955736 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the close relationship between dysregulation of redox homeostasis and immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection, we proposed a possible modifying role of ACE2 and glutathione transferase omega (GSTO) polymorphisms in the individual propensity towards the development of clinical manifestations in COVID-19. The distribution of polymorphisms in ACE2 (rs4646116), GSTO1 (rs4925) and GSTO2 (rs156697) were assessed in 255 COVID-19 patients and 236 matched healthy individuals, emphasizing their individual and haplotype effects on disease development and severity. Polymorphisms were determined by the appropriate qPCR method. The data obtained showed that individuals carrying variant GSTO1*AA and variant GSTO2*GG genotypes exhibit higher odds of COVID-19 development, contrary to ones carrying referent alleles (p = 0.044, p = 0.002, respectively). These findings are confirmed by haplotype analysis. Carriers of H2 haplotype, comprising GSTO1*A and GSTO2*G variant alleles were at 2-fold increased risk of COVID-19 development (p = 0.002). Although ACE2 (rs4646116) polymorphism did not exhibit a statistically significant effect on COVID-19 risk (p = 0.100), the risk of COVID-19 development gradually increased with the presence of each additional risk-associated genotype. Further studies are needed to clarify the specific roles of glutathione transferases omega in innate immune response and vitamin C homeostasis once the SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated in the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Djukic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Stevanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vesna Coric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Bukumiric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Matic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djurdja Jerotic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Todorovic
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milika Asanin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovan Ranin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Milosevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (A.S.-R.); (T.S.); Tel.: +381-113-636-271 (A.S.-R.); +381-113-636-250 (T.S.)
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (Z.B.); (M.P.-E.); (M.M.); (D.J.); (M.A.); (M.E.); (J.R.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (A.S.-R.); (T.S.); Tel.: +381-113-636-271 (A.S.-R.); +381-113-636-250 (T.S.)
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Biological Synthesis of Bioactive Gold Nanoparticles from Inonotus obliquus for Dual Chemo-Photothermal Effects against Human Brain Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042292. [PMID: 35216406 PMCID: PMC8880898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility for an ecologically friendly and simple production of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) (Ch-AuNPs) is presented in this study. Chaga extract’s reducing potential was evaluated at varied concentrations and temperatures. The nanoparticles synthesized were all under 20 nm in size, as measured by TEM, which is a commendable result for a spontaneous synthesis method utilizing a biological source. The Ch-AuNPs showed anti-cancer chemotherapeutic effects on human brain cancer cells which is attributed to the biofunctionalization of the AuNPs with Chaga bioactive components during the synthesis process. Further, the photothermal ablation capability of the as-prepared gold nanoparticles on human brain cancer cells was investigated. It was found that the NIR-laser induced thermal ablation of cancer cells was effective in eliminating over 80% of the cells. This research projects the Ch-AuNPs as promising, dual modal (chemo-photothermal) therapeutic candidates for anti-cancer applications.
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Kitagawa Y, Hayakawa K, Oikawa D, Ikeda K, Ikeda M, Harada D, Furuse M. Repeated restraint stress modifies fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in the mouse skin. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:511-519. [PMID: 35173101 PMCID: PMC9096037 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern society, stress caused by relationships and emotions is one of the greatest
social problems. Similar to humans, domestic and captive animals live under various
stresses. Several stresses have been associated with skin disorders, such as atopic
dermatitis, but there is a lack of reliable and objective indicators for the
characterization of this association. This study aimed to define the changes in fatty acid
composition and amino acid concentration in the skin following repeated restraint stress
in ICR mice. Mice subjected to 30 min of daily restraint stress for 8 days showed changes
in the composition of saturated fatty acids, such as an increase in palmitic acid content,
which are the substrates of Δ-9 desaturase. Conversely, unsaturated fatty acids decreased
with stress treatment, which appeared to be a result of these fatty acids being the
substrate of Δ-6 desaturase. Changes in fatty acid composition after stress treatment may
be one of the factors that cause skin inflammation. The water-retention capacity may have
been lowered by stress treatment because histidine and leucine, which are natural
moisturizing factors, were significantly decreased. The collagen content in the skin
gradually decreased after repeated stress treatment. Our results indicate that repeated
restraint stress may impact skin health through changes in both the fatty acid composition
and amino acid concentration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yume Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Kaho Hayakawa
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | | | - Kazuki Ikeda
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Maki Ikeda
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Daiki Harada
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuhiro Furuse
- Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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35
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Bioactive Compounds from Cardoon as Health Promoters in Metabolic Disorders. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030336. [PMID: 35159487 PMCID: PMC8915173 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a Mediterranean plant and member of the Asteraceae family that includes three botanical taxa, the wild perennial cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori), globe artichoke (C. cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori), and domesticated cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.). Cardoon has been widely used in the Mediterranean diet and folk medicine since ancient times. Today, cardoon is recognized as a plant with great industrial potential and is considered as a functional food, with important nutritional value, being an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, minerals, inulin, fiber, and sesquiterpene lactones. These bioactive compounds have been vastly described in the literature, exhibiting a wide range of beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antihemorrhoidal, cardiotonic, and choleretic activity. In this review, an overview of the cardoon nutritional and phytochemical composition, as well as its biological potential, is provided, highlighting the main therapeutic effects of the different parts of the cardoon plant on metabolic disorders, specifically associated with hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic activity.
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Ma S, Li H, Wang L, Li B, Wang Z, Ma B, Ma F, Li M. F-box protein MdAMR1L1 regulates ascorbate biosynthesis in apple by modulating GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:653-669. [PMID: 35051284 PMCID: PMC8774718 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (Asc) is an important antioxidant in plants and humans that plays key roles in various physiological processes. Understanding the regulation of Asc content in fruit plants is important for improving plant resiliency and optimizing Asc in food. Here, we found that both the transcript level and protein abundance of Asc Mannose pathway Regulator 1 Like 1 (MdAMR1L1) was negatively associated with Asc levels during the development of apple (Malus × domestica) fruit. The overexpression or silencing of MdAMR1L1 in apple indicated that MdAMR1L1 negatively regulated Asc levels. However, in the leaves of MdAMR1L1-overexpressing apple lines, the transcript levels of the Asc synthesis gene Guanosine diphosphate-mannose pyrophosphorylase MdGMP1 were increased, while its protein levels and enzyme activity were reduced. This occurred because the MdAMR1L1 protein interacted with MdGMP1 and promoted its degradation via the ubiquitination pathway to inhibit Asc synthesis at the post-translational level. MdERF98, an apple ethylene response factor, whose transcription was modulated by Asc level, is directly bound to the promoter of MdGMP1 to promote the transcription of MdGMP1. These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism of Asc biosynthesis in apples and revealed potential opportunities to improve fruit Asc levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Author for communication:
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Stress amelioration potential of vitamin C in ruminants: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:24. [PMID: 34957536 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ruminants, as well as other livestock, can synthesize vitamin C (VC) in their liver, and therefore, dietary requirements from exogenous supplementation are often ignored. However, metabolic demand may be exceeded, leading to a decreased endogenous synthetic capacity of VC following exposure to stressful conditions. Such conditions include high thermal load, limited water intake (induced by water scarcity), physiological status and infectious diseases. The obvious consequences are decreased performance, susceptibility to infections and increased mortality. This review discusses the potential role of vitamin C in ruminants' stress management and summarizes the in vitro and in vivo research to date. The different administration routes, comparative advantages and supplementation outcomes on growth, production parameters and physiological status were also identified. Also, areas where there was a lack of evidence or controversy, including critical literature research gaps, were identified, while the mechanism of VC's actions on significant outcomes was explained.
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Subramanian VS, Teafatiller T, Moradi H, Marchant JS. Histone deacetylase inhibitors regulate vitamin C transporter functional expression in intestinal epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 98:108838. [PMID: 34403723 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal absorption of vitamin C in humans is mediated via the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (hSVCT1 and hSVCT2). hSVCT1 and hSVCT2 are localized at the apical and basolateral membranes, respectively, of polarized intestinal epithelia. Studies have identified low plasma levels of vitamin C and decreased expression of hSVCT1 in patients with several inflammatory conditions including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Investigating the underlying mechanisms responsible for regulating hSVCT1 expression are critical for understanding vitamin C homeostasis, particularly in conditions where suboptimal vitamin C levels detrimentally affect human health. Previous research has shown that hSVCT1 expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, however, little is known about epigenetic regulatory pathways that modulate hSVCT1 expression in the intestine. In this study, we found that hSVCT1 expression and function were significantly decreased in intestinal epithelial cells by the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), valproic acid (VPA), and sodium butyrate (NaB). Further, expression of transcription factor HNF1α, which is critical for SLC23A1 promoter activity, was significantly down regulated in VPA-treated cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed significantly increased enrichment of tetra-acetylated histone H3 and H4 within the SLC23A1 promoter following VPA treatment. In addition, knockdown of HDAC isoforms two, and three significantly decreased hSVCT1 functional expression. Following VPA administration to mice, functional expression of SVCT1 in the jejunum was significantly decreased. Collectively, these in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate epigenetic regulation of SVCT1 expression in intestinal epithelia partly mediated through HDAC isoforms two and three.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor Teafatiller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hamid Moradi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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39
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Natural compounds modulate the autophagy with potential implication of stroke. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1708-1720. [PMID: 34386317 PMCID: PMC8343111 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is considered a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability, which puts a huge burden on individuals and the community. To date, effective therapy for stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Autophagy refers to an intracellular degrading process with the involvement of lysosomes. Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis and survival of cells by eliminating damaged or non-essential cellular constituents. Increasing evidence support that autophagy protects neuronal cells from ischemic injury. However, under certain circumstances, autophagy activation induces cell death and aggravates ischemic brain injury. Diverse naturally derived compounds have been found to modulate autophagy and exert neuroprotection against stroke. In the present work, we have reviewed recent advances in naturally derived compounds that regulate autophagy and discussed their potential application in stroke treatment.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- AMPK, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
- ATF6, activating transcription factor 6
- ATG, autophagy related genes
- Autophagy
- BCL-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- BNIP3L, BCL2/adenovirus
- COPII, coat protein complex II
- Cerebral ischemia
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FOXO, forkhead box O
- FUNDC1, FUN14 domain containing 1
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- HD, Huntington's disease
- IPC, ischemic preconditioning
- IRE1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein
- LC3, light chain 3
- LKB1, liver kinase B1
- Lysosomal activation
- Mitochondria
- Mitophagy
- Natural compounds
- Neurological disorders
- Neuroprotection
- OGD/R, oxygen and glucose deprivation-reperfusion
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PERK, protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- TIGAR, TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator
- ULK, Unc-51- like kinase
- Uro-A, urolithin A
- eIF2a, eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2
- mTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- ΔΨm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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40
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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection Inhibits Intestinal Ascorbic Acid Uptake via Dysregulation of Its Transporter Expression. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:2250-2260. [PMID: 32556816 PMCID: PMC7744340 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection causes prolonged, watery diarrhea leading to morbidity and mortality. Although EPEC infection impacts nutrient transporter function and expression in intestinal epithelial cells, the effects of EPEC infection on intestinal absorption of ascorbic acid (AA) have not yet been investigated. AIMS To investigate the effect of EPEC infection on intestinal AA uptake process and expression of both AA transporters. METHODS We used two experimental models: human-derived intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and mice. 14C-AA uptake assay, Western blot, RT-qPCR, and promoter assay were performed. RESULTS EPEC (WT) as well as ΔespF and ΔespG/G2 mutant-infected Caco-2 cells showed markedly inhibited AA uptake, while other mutants (ΔescN, ΔespA, ΔespB, and ΔespD) did not affect AA uptake. Infection also reduced protein and mRNA expression levels for both hSVCT1 and hSVCT2. EPEC-infected mice showed marked inhibitory effect on AA uptake and decreased protein and mRNA expression levels for both mSVCT1 and mSVCT2 in jejunum and colon. MicroRNA regulators of SVCT1 and SVCT2 (miR103a, miR141, and miR200a) were upregulated significantly upon EPEC infection in both Caco-2 and mouse jejunum and colon. In addition, expression of the accessory protein glyoxalate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR), which regulates SVCT1 function, was markedly decreased by EPEC infection in both models. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that EPEC infection causes inhibition in AA uptake through a multifactorial dysregulation of SVCT1 and SVCT2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells.
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El-Far YM, Khodir AE, Noor AO, Almasri DM, Bagalagel AA, Diri RM, Kutbi HI, Al-Gayyar MMH. Selective cytotoxic activity and protective effects of sodium ascorbate against hepatocellular carcinoma through its effect on oxidative stress and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Redox Rep 2021; 25:17-25. [PMID: 32172678 PMCID: PMC7144217 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2020.1739870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by elevated in oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, which enhance destructive effects of the tumor. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the protective effects of sodium ascorbate against thioacetamide-induced HCC in rats through studying its effect on the apoptotic pathway in rats. In addition, in vitro activity of sodium ascorbate was investigated on HepG2 and compared with cisplatin. Methods: HCC was experimentally induced by injecting rats with 200 mg/kg thioacetamide intraperitoneally twice weekly for 16 weeks. Part of HCC rats was concomitantly treated with 100 mg/kg sodium ascorbate intraperitoneally during the 16-week period. Hepatic tissues were used for the determination of NFκB, Nrf2, TNF-α, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9. Results: Sodium ascorbate significantly attenuated HCC-induced reduction in the expression of NrF2 associated with a reduction in concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. In addition, sodium ascorbate blocked HCC-induced increase in the expression of NFκB and TNF-α. Sodium ascorbate slightly increased the activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 in vitro but inhibited their activities in vivo. Conclusion: In spite of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of sodium ascorbate, it produced selective cytotoxic activity via direct activation of the apoptotic pathway in cancer cells without affecting the apoptotic pathway in normal hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Khodir
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Dakhliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmad O Noor
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deina M Almasri
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Bagalagel
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Diri
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam I Kutbi
- Deparment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M H Al-Gayyar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Waste-Derived NPK Nanofertilizer Enhances Growth and Productivity of Capsicum annuum L. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061144. [PMID: 34199718 PMCID: PMC8227464 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Waste generation is a global issue that necessitates effective management for both human and animal health as well as environment. There are several ways to reduce waste, but recycling appears to be the best choice. By recycling, not only will the problem of pollution be resolved, but valuable compounds could be generated to be used as nutrients for plants. In this study, eco-friendly methods were established to produce α- and β-chitosan (CS) (as a source of nitrogen) with different degrees of deacetylation from shrimp shells and squid pin waste, phosphorous through degreasing and calcination of bovine bone and potassium from evaporation of banana peels Kolakhar. The waste bulk products were physically characterized and dry-milled into nano-powders. Different concentrations of the produced nano-NPK fertilizer (10%, 25%, 50% and 100%) were foliar-applied to Capsicum annum L. cv. Cordoba plants and compared to commercial chemical fertilizer and untreated control plants. The obtained results revealed that the nano-composite NPK with 25% concentration significantly promoted growth, yield and harvest of C. annuum as compared with the control and chemical fertilizer-treated plants. This study demonstrated that the use of an eco-friendly preparation of waste NPK composites, with a low concentration, could be applied as foliar fertilizer over chemical fertilizer to enhance the growth and productivity of Capsicum.
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43
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Yuan S, Zheng JS, Mason AM, Burgess S, Larsson SC. Genetically predicted circulating vitamin C in relation to cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1829-1837. [PMID: 34057996 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the associations of genetically predicted circulating vitamin C levels with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS AND RESULTS Ten lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma vitamin C levels at the genome-wide significance level were used as instrumental variables. Summary-level data for 15 CVDs were obtained from corresponding genetic consortia, the UK Biobank study, and the FinnGen consortium. The inverse-variance-weighted method was the primary analysis method, supplemented by the weighted median and MR-Egger methods. Estimates for each CVD from different sources were combined. Genetically predicted vitamin C levels were not associated with any CVD after accounting for multiple testing. However, there were suggestive associations of higher genetically predicted vitamin C levels (per 1 standard deviation increase) with lower risk of cardioembolic stroke [odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64, 0.99; P = 0.038] and higher risk of atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.18; P = 0.049) in the inverse-variance-weighted method and with lower risk of peripheral artery disease (odds ratio, 0.76, 95% CI, 0.62, 0.93; P = 0.009) in the weighted median method. CONCLUSION We found limited evidence with MR techniques for an overall protective role of vitamin C in the primary prevention of CVD. The associations of vitamin C levels with cardioembolic stroke, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral artery disease need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 13, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Shilongshan Road 18, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Shilongshan Road 18, Cloud Town, Xihu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Amy M Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, East Forvie Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 13, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, ingång 78, 1tr, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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44
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Roy P, Tomassoni D, Traini E, Martinelli I, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Amenta F, Tayebati SK. Natural Antioxidant Application on Fat Accumulation: Preclinical Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060858. [PMID: 34071903 PMCID: PMC8227384 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most important challenges in the contemporary world that must be overcome. Different pathological consequences of these physical conditions have been studied for more than 30 years. The most nagging effects were found early in the cardiovascular system. However, later, its negative impact was also investigated in several other organs. Damage at cellular structures due to overexpression of reactive oxygen species together with mechanisms that cause under-production of antioxidants leads to the development of obesity-related complications. In this view, the negative results of oxidant molecules due to obesity were studied in various districts of the body. In the last ten years, scientific literature has reported reasonable evidence regarding natural and synthetic compounds' supplementation, which showed benefits in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in animal models of obesity. This article attempts to clarify the role of oxidative stress due to obesity and the opposing role of antioxidants to counter it, reported in preclinical studies. This analysis aims to clear-up different mechanisms that lead to the build-up of pro-oxidants during obesity and how various molecules of different origins hinder this phenomenon, behaving as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (P.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (P.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Enea Traini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
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45
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Investigation of Serum and Leukocyte Ascorbic Acid, Plasma and Intra-Erythrocyte Cholinesterase Levels in Obese Persons. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.841743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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46
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Kressin C, Pandya K, Woodward BM, Donaldson C, Flannery AH. Ascorbic Acid in the Acute Care Setting. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 45:874-881. [PMID: 33675075 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential nutrient with many physiologic roles not limited to the prevention of scurvy. Beyond its role as a supplement, it has gained popularity in the acute care setting as an inexpensive medication for a variety of conditions. Because of limitations with absorption of oral formulations and reduced serum concentrations observed in acute illness, intravenous (IV) administration, and higher doses, may be needed to produce the desired serum concentrations for a particular indication. Following a PubMed search, we reviewed published studies relevant to AA in the acute care setting and summarized the results in a narrative review. In the acute care setting, AA may be used for improved wound healing, improved organ function in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, faster resolution of vasoplegic shock after cardiac surgery, reduction of resuscitative fluids in severe burn injury, and as an adjunctive analgesic, among other uses. Each indication differs in its level of evidence supporting exogenous administration of AA, but overall, AA was not commonly associated with adverse effects in the identified studies. Use of AA remains an active area of clinical investigation for various indications in the acute care patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kressin
- Acute Care Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Komal Pandya
- Acute Care Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Chris Donaldson
- Acute Care Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alexander H Flannery
- Acute Care Pharmacy Services, University of Kentucky HealthCare, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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47
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Santric V, Dragicevic D, Matic M, Djokic M, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Radic T, Suvakov S, Nikitovic M, Stankovic V, Milojevic B, Radovanovic M, Dzamic Z, Simic T, Savic-Radojevic A. Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding Glutathione Transferase Pi and Glutathione Transferase Omega Influence Prostate Cancer Risk and Prognosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:620690. [PMID: 33937322 PMCID: PMC8079946 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.620690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the pleiotropic roles of glutathione transferase (GST) omega class members in redox homeostasis, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in GSTO1 and GSTO2 might contribute to prostate cancer (PC) development and progression. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of GSTO1 and GSTO2 SNPs' role in susceptibility to PC, as well as whether they might serve as prognostic biomarkers independently or in conjunction with other common GST polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1). Genotyping was performed in 237 PC cases and 236 age-matched controls by multiplex PCR for deletion of GST polymorphisms and quantitative PCR for SNPs. The results of this study, for the first time, demonstrated that homozygous carriers of both GSTO1*A/A and GSTO2*G/G variant genotypes are at increased risk of PC. This was further confirmed by haplotype analysis, which showed that H2 comprising both GSTO1*A and GSTO2*G variant alleles represented a high-risk combination. However, the prognostic relevance of polymorphisms in GST omega genes was not found in our cohort of PC patients. Analysis of the role of other investigated GST polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) in terms of PC prognosis has shown shorter survival in carriers of GSTP1*T/T (rs1138272) genotype than in those carrying at least one referent allele. In addition, the presence of GSTP1*T/T genotype independently predicted a four-fold higher risk of overall mortality among PC patients. This study demonstrated a significant prognostic role of GST polymorphism in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Santric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Dragicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Matic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Djokic
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Radic
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Suvakov
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Nikitovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Stankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bogomir Milojevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Radovanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Dzamic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
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48
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Pozzer D, Invernizzi RW, Blaauw B, Cantoni O, Zito E. Ascorbic Acid Route to the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Function and Role in Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:845-855. [PMID: 31867990 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Humans cannot synthesize ascorbic acid (AscH2) (vitamin C), so deficiencies in dietary AscH2 cause the life-threatening disease of scurvy and many other diseases. After oral ingestion, plasma AscH2 concentrations are strictly controlled by transporters, which are required for entry into the cell and into intracellular organelles. Recent Advances: Besides its general antioxidant function, AscH2 is a cofactor for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized collagen hydroxylases. Its important role in ER homeostasis is also highlighted by the fact that AscH2 deficiency in auxotrophic species triggers ER stress. Critical Issues: Characterizations of the molecular basis of diseases suggest that intracellular AscH2 deficiency is due not only to limited dietary access but also to its limited intracellular transport and net loss under conditions of intracellular hyperoxidation in the ER. This essay will offer an overview of the different transporters of vitamin C regulating its intracellular concentration, its function inside the ER, and the phenotypes of the diseases that can be triggered by increased depletion of this vitamin in the ER. Future Directions: When considering the benefits of increasing dietary AscH2, it is important to consider pharmacokinetic differences in the bioavailability between orally and intravenously administered AscH2: the latter bypasses intestinal absorption and is, therefore, the only route that can lead to the high plasma concentrations that may provide some health effects, and it is this route that needs to be chosen in clinical trials for those diseases associated with a deficiency of AscH2. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 845-855.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pozzer
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Orazio Cantoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ester Zito
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Arivalagan M, Karunakaran G, Roy TK, Dinsha M, Sindhu BC, Shilpashree VM, Satisha GC, Shivashankara KS. Biochemical and nutritional characterization of dragon fruit (Hylocereus species). Food Chem 2021; 353:129426. [PMID: 33774520 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional and biochemical composition of dragon fruit (Hylocereus) species H. undatus (fruits with white pulp and pink skin), and H. polyrhizus (fruits with red pulp and pink skin) were investigated to develop the nutritional composition data for dragon fruit and compare the difference between H. undatus and H. polyrhizus. The pH, TSS, total sugar, moisture, ash, protein, and dietary fibre content varied between 4.8 and 5.4, 8-12%, 5.13-7.06%, 82-85%, 0.7-0.85%, 0.90-1.1% and 0.8-1.0%, respectively. Total phenolics and flavonoids content varied between 25 and 55 mg GAE and 15-35 mg CE per 100 g, respectively. H. polyrhizus have a significantly high quantum of phenolics and antioxidant potential than H. undatus. 100 g fruit contained about 120-200 mg K, 30-45 mg Mg, 20-45 mg Ca, 20-35 mg P, 0.70-1.5 mg Fe, and 0.20-0.40 mg Zn. Vitamin C was found maximum (6 mg/100 g), followed by vitamin E (150 µg), pantothenic acid (50 µg), and vitamin K1 (25 µg). It is an ideal fruit for maintaining good health as it has low calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arivalagan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089, India.
| | - G Karunakaran
- Division of Fruit Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089, India.
| | - T K Roy
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089, India
| | - M Dinsha
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089, India
| | - B C Sindhu
- Division of Natural Resources, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089, India
| | - V M Shilpashree
- Division of Natural Resources, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089, India
| | - G C Satisha
- Division of Natural Resources, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089, India
| | - K S Shivashankara
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hesaraghatta Lake Post, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560 089, India
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50
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Jacob J, Sukumaran NP, Jude S. Fiber-Reinforced-Phospholipid Vehicle-Based Delivery of l-Ascorbic Acid: Development, Characterization, ADMET Profiling, and Efficacy by a Randomized, Single-Dose, Crossover Oral Bioavailability Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5560-5568. [PMID: 33681596 PMCID: PMC7931380 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
l-ascorbic acid (AA) or vitamin C is a crucial nutrient needed for optimal health. However, being unable to be synthesized by the body, it is thus necessary to be included in health care products. Moreover, AA is one of the antioxidants that occur naturally, which is used in pharmaceutical and food products as an antioxidant additive. However, AA is vulnerable to environmental settings and undergoes oxidative degradation to dehydroascorbic acid and further to inactive products. Therefore, new research strategies and approaches are required to augment its stability. The objective of this study is to develop and characterize a fiber-reinforced-phospholipid (FRP) matrix-based vehicle, Zeal-AA, for the delivery of AA and optimize the oral bioavailability of the obtained AA powder using an efficacy study by open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, two-way crossover. The structural and surface morphologies were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry studies. Encapsulation efficiency, mean particle size, size distribution, ζ-potential measurements, and ADMET profiling revealed the potential delivery system for AA. AUC0-t was found to be 55.23 (mg/dL) for Zeal-AA, whereas it was 9.38 (mg/dL) for AA, and C max was found to be 6.69 (mg/dL) for Zeal-AA, whereas it was 1.23 (mg/dL) for AA, with a fold difference of bioavailability in terms of AUC found to be 5.9 fold. The results show that a single oral dose of Zeal-AA is capable of rising the AA levels in the body relative to the control up to 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Jacob
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs
(P) Ltd., Kolenchery, 682311 Kerala, India
| | | | - Shintu Jude
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs
(P) Ltd., Kolenchery, 682311 Kerala, India
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