1
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Wang Y, Fuentes RR, van Rengs WMJ, Effgen S, Zaidan MWAM, Franzen R, Susanto T, Fernandes JB, Mercier R, Underwood CJ. Harnessing clonal gametes in hybrid crops to engineer polyploid genomes. Nat Genet 2024:10.1038/s41588-024-01750-6. [PMID: 38741016 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Heterosis boosts crop yield; however, harnessing additional progressive heterosis in polyploids is challenging for breeders. We bioengineered a 'mitosis instead of meiosis' (MiMe) system that generates unreduced, clonal gametes in three hybrid tomato genotypes and used it to establish polyploid genome design. Through the hybridization of MiMe hybrids, we generated '4-haplotype' plants that encompassed the complete genetics of their four inbred grandparents, providing a blueprint for exploiting polyploidy in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Wang
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roven Rommel Fuentes
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Willem M J van Rengs
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sieglinde Effgen
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Franzen
- Central Microscopy (CeMic), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Susanto
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Raphael Mercier
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Wang T, Ma X, Chen Y, Wang C, Xia Z, Liu Z, Gao L, Zhang W. SlNAC3 suppresses cold tolerance in tomatoes by enhancing ethylene biosynthesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38693781 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Low temperature stress poses a significant challenge to the productivity of horticultural crops. The dynamic expression of cold-responsive genes plays a crucial role in plant cold tolerance. While NAC transcription factors have been extensively studied in plant growth and development, their involvement in regulating plant cold tolerance remains poorly understood. In this study, we focused on the identification and characterisation of SlNAC3 as the most rapid and robust responsive gene in tomato under low temperature conditions. Manipulating SlNAC3 through overexpression or silencing resulted in reduced or enhanced cold tolerance, respectively. Surprisingly, we discovered a negative correlation between the expression of CBF and cold tolerance in the SlNAC3 transgenic lines. These findings suggest that SlNAC3 regulates tomato cold tolerance likely through a CBF-independent pathway. Furthermore, we conducted additional investigations to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying SINAC3-mediated cold tolerance in tomatoes. Our results revealed that SlNAC3 controls the transcription of ethylene biosynthetic genes, thereby bursting ethylene release in response to cold stress. Indeed, the silencing of these genes led to an augmentation in cold tolerance. This discovery provides valuable insights into the regulatory pathways involved in ethylene-mediated cold tolerance in tomatoes, offering potential strategies for developing innovative approaches to enhance cold stress resilience in this economically important crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Ma
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, UMEÅ, Sweden
| | - Ying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxiao Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Li L, Liu Z, Pan X, Yao K, Wang Y, Yang T, Huang G, Liao W, Wang C. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Tomato Fatty Acid β-Oxidase Family Genes KAT and MFP. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2273. [PMID: 38396949 PMCID: PMC10889323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids and their derivatives play a variety of roles in living organisms. Fatty acids not only store energy but also comprise membrane lipids and act as signaling molecules. There are three main proteins involved in the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway in plant peroxisomes, including acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX), multifunctional protein (MFP), and 3-ketolipoyl-CoA thiolase (KAT). However, genome-scale analysis of KAT and MFP has not been systemically investigated in tomatoes. Here, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis of KAT and MFP genes in tomatoes. Their physicochemical properties, protein secondary structure, subcellular localization, gene structure, phylogeny, and collinearity were also analyzed. In addition, a conserved motif analysis, an evolutionary pressure selection analysis, a cis-acting element analysis, tissue expression profiling, and a qRT-PCR analysis were conducted within tomato KAT and MFP family members. There are five KAT and four MFP family members in tomatoes, which are randomly distributed on four chromosomes. By analyzing the conserved motifs of tomato KAT and MFP family members, we found that both KAT and MFP members are highly conserved. In addition, the results of the evolutionary pressure selection analysis indicate that the KAT and MFP family members have evolved mainly from purifying selection, which makes them more structurally stable. The results of the cis-acting element analysis show that SlKAT and SlMFP with respect may respond to light, hormones, and adversity stresses. The tissue expression analysis showed that KAT and MFP family members have important roles in regulating the development of floral organs as well as fruit ripening. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of SlKAT and SlMFP genes can be regulated by ABA, MeJA, darkness, NaCl, PEG, UV, cold, heat, and H2O2 treatments. These results provide a basis for the involvement of the SlKAT and SlMFP genes in tomato floral organ development and abiotic stress response, which lay a foundation for future functional study of SlKAT and SlMFP in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunlei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China; (L.L.); (Z.L.); (X.P.); (K.Y.); (Y.W.); (T.Y.); (G.H.); (W.L.)
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4
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Jeong YY, Noh YS, Kim SW, Seo PJ. Efficient regeneration of protoplasts from Solanum lycopersicum cultivar Micro-Tom. Biol Methods Protoc 2024; 9:bpae008. [PMID: 38414647 PMCID: PMC10898868 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Protoplast regeneration has become a key platform for genetic and genome engineering. However, we lack reliable and reproducible methods for efficient protoplast regeneration for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars. Here, we optimized cell and tissue culture methods for protoplast isolation, microcallus proliferation, shoot regeneration, and plantlet establishment of the tomato cultivar Micro-Tom. A thin layer of alginate was applied to protoplasts isolated from third to fourth true leaves and cultured at an optimal density of 1 × 105 protoplasts/ml. We determined the optimal culture media for protoplast proliferation, callus formation, de novo shoot regeneration, and root regeneration. Regenerated plantlets exhibited morphologically normal growth and sexual reproduction. The entire regeneration process, from protoplasts to flowering plants, was accomplished within 5 months. The optimized protoplast regeneration platform enables biotechnological applications, such as genome engineering, as well as basic research on plant regeneration in Solanaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Yeop Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Noh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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5
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Deng Y, Yarur-Thys A, Baulcombe DC. Virus-induced overexpression of heterologous FLOWERING LOCUS T for efficient speed breeding in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:36-44. [PMID: 37788568 PMCID: PMC10735598 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Potato virus X (PVX) vectors expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) or tomato FT ortholog SINGLE-FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) shortened the generation time in tomato due to accelerated tomato flowering and ripening by 14-21 d, and caused a 2-3-fold increase in the number of flowers and fruits, compared with non-infected or empty vector-infected plants. The Arabidopsis FT was more effective than the tomato orthologue SFT and there was no alteration of the flower or fruit morphology. The virus was not transmitted to the next generation; therefore viral vectors with expression of a heterologous FT will be a useful approach to speed breeding in tomato and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtian Deng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Antonia Yarur-Thys
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - David C Baulcombe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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6
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Barrera-Rojas CH, Vicente MH, Pinheiro Brito DA, Silva EM, Lopez AM, Ferigolo LF, do Carmo RM, Silva CMS, Silva GFF, Correa JPO, Notini MM, Freschi L, Cubas P, Nogueira FTS. Tomato miR156-targeted SlSBP15 represses shoot branching by modulating hormone dynamics and interacting with GOBLET and BRANCHED1b. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5124-5139. [PMID: 37347477 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The miRNA156 (miR156)/SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL/SBP) regulatory hub is highly conserved among phylogenetically distinct species, but how it interconnects multiple pathways to converge to common integrators controlling shoot architecture is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that the miR156/SlSBP15 node modulates tomato shoot branching by connecting multiple phytohormones with classical genetic pathways regulating both axillary bud development and outgrowth. miR156-overexpressing plants (156-OE) displayed high shoot branching, whereas plants overexpressing a miR156-resistant SlSBP15 allele (rSBP15) showed arrested shoot branching. Importantly, the rSBP15 allele was able to partially restore the wild-type shoot branching phenotype in the 156-OE background. rSBP15 plants have tiny axillary buds, and their activation is dependent on shoot apex-derived auxin transport inhibition. Hormonal measurements revealed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were lower in 156-OE and higher in rSBP15 axillary buds, respectively. Genetic and molecular data indicated that SlSBP15 regulates axillary bud development and outgrowth by inhibiting auxin transport and GOBLET (GOB) activity, and by interacting with tomato BRANCHED1b (SlBRC1b) to control ABA levels within axillary buds. Collectively, our data provide a new mechanism by which the miR156/SPL/SBP hub regulates shoot branching, and suggest that modulating SlSBP15 activity might have potential applications in shaping tomato shoot architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernán Barrera-Rojas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mateus Henrique Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Armando Pinheiro Brito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Eder M Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Aitor Muñoz Lopez
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia F Ferigolo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Monteiro do Carmo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina M S Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F F Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Joao P O Correa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Marcela M Notini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, CEP: 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio T S Nogueira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Plant Development, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP: 13418-900, Brazil
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7
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Yaroshko O, Pasternak T, Larriba E, Pérez-Pérez JM. Optimization of Callus Induction and Shoot Regeneration from Tomato Cotyledon Explants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2942. [PMID: 37631154 PMCID: PMC10459365 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important horticultural crops in the world. The optimization of culture media for callus formation and tissue regeneration of different tomato genotypes presents numerous biotechnological applications. In this work, we have analyzed the effect of different concentrations of zeatin and indole-3-acetic acid on the regeneration of cotyledon explants in tomato cultivars M82 and Micro-Tom. We evaluated regeneration parameters such as the percentage of callus formation and the area of callus formed, as well as the initiation percentage and the number of adventitious shoots. The best hormone combination produced shoot-like structures after 2-3 weeks. We observed the formation of leaf primordia from these structures after about 3-4 weeks. Upon transferring the regenerating micro-stems to a defined growth medium, it was possible to obtain whole plantlets between 4 and 6 weeks. This hormone combination was applied to other genotypes of S. lycopersicum, including commercial varieties and ancestral tomato varieties. Our method is suitable for obtaining many plantlets of different tomato genotypes from cotyledon explants in a very short time, with direct applications for plant transformation, use of gene editing techniques, and vegetative propagation of elite cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Larriba
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (O.Y.)
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8
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Singh NRR, Roychowdhury A, Srivastava R, Gaganan GA, Parida AP, Kumar R. Silencing of SlSPX1 and SlSPX2 promote growth and root mycorrhization in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111723. [PMID: 37142098 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the essential requirement of phosphorus (P) for growth and development, plants tightly control inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis. SPX-PHR regulatory circuit not only control phosphate homeostasis responses but also root mycorrhization by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. Besides sensing Pi deficiency, SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) proteins also control the transcription of P starvation inducible (PSI) genes by blocking the activity of PHR1 (PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1) homologs in plants under Pi-sufficient conditions. However, the roles of SPX members in Pi homeostasis and AM fungi colonization remain to be fully recognized in tomato. In this study, we identified 17 SPX-domain containing members in the tomato genome. Transcript profiling revealed the high Pi-specific nature of their activation. Four SlSPX members have also induced in AM colonized roots. Interestingly, we found that SlSPX1 and SlSPX2 are induced by P starvation and AM colonization. Further, SlSPX1 and SlSPX2 exhibited varying degrees of interaction with the PHR homologs in this study. Virus-induced gene silencing-based (VIGS) transcript inhibition of these genes alone or together promoted the accumulation of higher total soluble Pi in tomato seedlings and improved their growth. It also enhanced AM fungi colonization in the roots of SlSPX1 and SlSPX2 silenced seedlings. Overall, the present study provides evidence in support of SlSPX members being good candidates for improving AM fungi colonization potential in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajat Srivastava
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Adwaita Prasad Parida
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2475, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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9
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Xiong F, Tian J, Wei Z, Deng K, Li Y, Zhang Y. Suppression of the target of rapamycin kinase accelerates tomato fruit ripening through reprogramming the transcription profile and promoting ethylene biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2603-2619. [PMID: 36786543 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is a unique process of nutritional and energy metabolism. Target of rapamycin (TOR), a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes, controls cell growth and metabolism by integrating nutrient, energy, and hormone signals. However, it remains unclear whether TOR participates in the modulation of tomato fruit ripening. Here, we showed that the manipulation of SlTOR by chemical or genetic methods greatly alters the process of tomato fruit maturation. Expression pattern analysis revealed that the transcripts of SlTOR declined as fruit ripening progressed. Moreover, suppression of SlTOR by TOR inhibitor AZD8055 or knock down of its transcripts by inducible RNA interference, accelerated fruit ripening, and led to overall effects on fruit maturity, including changes in colour and metabolism, fruit softening, and expression of ripening-related genes. Genome-wide transcription analysis indicated that silencing SlTOR reprogrammed the transcript profile associated with ripening, including cell wall and phytohormone pathways, elevated the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes, and further promoted ethylene production. In contrast, the ethylene action inhibitor 1-MCP efficiently blocked fruit maturation, even following SlTOR inhibition. These results suggest that accelerated fruit ripening caused by SlTOR inhibition depends on ethylene, and that SlTOR may function as a regulator in ethylene metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Xiong
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jianwei Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Kexuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Cunha AFA, Rodrigues PHD, Anghinoni AC, de Paiva VJ, Pinheiro DGDS, Campos ML. Mechanical wounding impacts the growth versus defense balance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 329:111601. [PMID: 36690279 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved elaborate surveillance systems that allow them to perceive the attack by pests and pathogens and activate the appropriate defenses. Mechanical stimulation, such as mechanical wounding, represents one of the most reliable cues for the perception of potential herbivore aggressors. Here we demonstrate that mechanical wounding disturbs the growth versus defense balance in tomato, a physiological condition where growth reduction arises as a pleiotropic consequence of the activation of defense responses (or vice-versa). We observed that multiple lesions on tomato leaves impairs the formation of several growth-related traits, including shoot elongation, leaf expansion and time for flowering, while concomitantly activating the production of defense responses such as trichome formation and the upregulation of defense-related genes. We also provide genetic evidence that this wound-induced growth repression is possibly a consequence of tomato plants sensing the injuries via jasmonates (JAs), a class of plant hormones known to be master regulators of the plant growth versus defense balance. Besides providing a mechanistic explanation on how the growth and defense balance is shifted when plants are subjected to a specific type of mechanical stimulus, our results may offer a practical explanation for why tomato productivity is so negatively impacted by herbivore attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia Aparecida Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil; Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Henrique Duarte Rodrigues
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Ana Clara Anghinoni
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Juliani de Paiva
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Gonçalves da Silva Pinheiro
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Lattarulo Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil; Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil.
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11
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Nakayama H, Ichihashi Y, Kimura S. Diversity of tomato leaf form provides novel insights into breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:76-85. [PMID: 37168814 PMCID: PMC10165341 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is cultivated widely globally. The crop exhibits tremendous morphological variations because of its long breeding history. Apart from the commercial tomato varieties, wild species and heirlooms are grown in certain regions of the world. Since the fruit constitutes the edible part, much of the agronomical research is focused on it. However, recent studies have indicated that leaf morphology influences fruit quality. As leaves are specialized photosynthetic organs and the vascular systems transport the photosynthetic products to sink organs, the architectural characteristics of the leaves have a strong influence on the final fruit quality. Therefore, comprehensive research focusing on both the fruit and leaf morphology is required for further tomato breeding. This review summarizes an overview of knowledge of the basic tomato leaf development, morphological diversification, and molecular mechanisms behind them and emphasizes its importance in breeding. Finally, we discuss how these findings and knowledge can be applied to future tomato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Nakayama
- Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Science Build. #2, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | | | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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12
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Janotík A, Dadáková K, Lochman J, Zapletalová M. L-Aspartate and L-Glutamine Inhibit Beta-Aminobutyric Acid-Induced Resistance in Tomatoes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212908. [PMID: 36365361 PMCID: PMC9655027 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by pathogens lead to economic and agricultural losses, while plant resistance is defined by robustness and timing of defence response. Exposure to microbial-associated molecular patterns or specific chemical compounds can promote plants into a primed state with more robust defence responses. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is an endogenous stress metabolite that induces resistance, thereby protecting various plants' diverse stresses by induction of non-canonical activity after binding into aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS). In this study, by integrating BABA-induced changes in selected metabolites and transcript data, we describe the molecular processes involved in BABA-induced resistance (BABA-IR) in tomatoes. BABA significantly restricted the growth of the pathogens P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and was related to the accumulation of transcripts for pathogenesis-related proteins and jasmonic acid signalling but not salicylic acid signalling in Arabidopsis. The resistance was considerably reduced by applying amino acids L-Asp and L-Gln when L-Gln prevents general amino acid inhibition in plants. Analysis of amino acid changes suggests that BABA-IR inhibition by L-Asp is due to its rapid metabolisation to L-Gln and not its competition with BABA for the aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (AspRS) binding site. Our results showed differences between the effect of BABA on tomatoes and other model plants. They highlighted the importance of comparative studies between plants of agronomic interest subjected to treatment with BABA.
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13
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Moreira JDR, Quiñones A, Lira BS, Robledo JM, Curtin SJ, Vicente MH, Ribeiro DM, Ryngajllo M, Jiménez-Gómez JM, Peres LEP, Rossi M, Zsögön A. SELF PRUNING 3C is a flowering repressor that modulates seed germination, root architecture, and drought responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6226-6240. [PMID: 35710302 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Allelic variation in the CETS (CENTRORADIALIS, TERMINAL FLOWER 1, SELF PRUNING) gene family controls agronomically important traits in many crops. CETS genes encode phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins that have a central role in the timing of flowering as florigenic and anti-florigenic signals. The great expansion of CETS genes in many species suggests that the functions of this family go beyond flowering induction and repression. Here, we characterized the tomato SELF PRUNING 3C (SP3C) gene, and show that besides acting as a flowering repressor it also regulates seed germination and modulates root architecture. We show that loss of SP3C function in CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutant lines increases root length and reduces root side branching relative to the wild type. Higher SP3C expression in transgenic lines promotes the opposite effects in roots, represses seed germination, and also improves tolerance to water stress in seedlings. These discoveries provide new insights into the role of SP paralogs in agronomically relevant traits, and support future exploration of the involvement of CETS genes in abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Quiñones
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Jessenia M Robledo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Shaun J Curtin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Science Research Unit, St Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Center for Plant Precision Genomics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Mateus H Vicente
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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14
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Choi I, Ahn CS, Lee DH, Baek SA, Jung JW, Kim JK, Lee HS, Pai HS. Silencing of the Target of Rapamycin Complex Genes Stimulates Tomato Fruit Ripening. Mol Cells 2022; 45:660-672. [PMID: 35993163 PMCID: PMC9448650 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin complex (TORC) plays a key role in plant cell growth and survival by regulating the gene expression and metabolism according to environmental information. TORC activates transcription, mRNA translation, and anabolic processes under favorable conditions, thereby promoting plant growth and development. Tomato fruit ripening is a complex developmental process promoted by ethylene and specific transcription factors. TORC is known to modulate leaf senescence in tomato. In this study, we investigated the function of TORC in tomato fruit ripening using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the TORC genes, TOR, lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (LST8), and regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression levels of tomato TORC genes were the highest in the orange stage during fruit development in Micro-Tom tomato. VIGS of these TORC genes using stage 2 tomato accelerated fruit ripening with premature orange/red coloring and decreased fruit growth, when control tobacco rattle virus 2 (TRV2)-myc fruits reached the mature green stage. TORC-deficient fruits showed early accumulation of carotenoid lycopene and reduced cellulose deposition in pericarp cell walls. The early ripening fruits had higher levels of transcripts related to fruit ripening transcription factors, ethylene biosynthesis, carotenoid synthesis, and cell wall modification. Finally, the early ripening phenotype in Micro-Tom tomato was reproduced in the commercial cultivar Moneymaker tomato by VIGS of the TORC genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TORC plays an important role in tomato fruit ripening by modulating the transcription of various ripening-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyeong Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang Sook Ahn
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Platform Technology Research Center, Corporate R&D, LG Chem/LG Science Park, Seoul 07796, Korea
| | - Du-Hwa Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jung Won Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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15
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Huang W, Hu N, Xiao Z, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Yang J, Mao X, Wang Y, Li Z, Guo H. A molecular framework of ethylene-mediated fruit growth and ripening processes in tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3280-3300. [PMID: 35604102 PMCID: PMC9421474 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of ethylene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening has been intensively studied, its role in tomato fruit growth remains poorly understood. In addition, the relationship between ethylene and the developmental factors NON-RIPENING (NOR) and RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN) during ripening is under debate. Here, we carried out comprehensive genetic analyses of genome-edited mutants of tomato ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (SlEIN2), four EIN3-like genes (SlEIL1-4), and three EIN3 BINDING F-box protein genes (SlEBF1-3). Both slein2-1 and the high-order sleil mutant (sleil1 sleil2 sleil3/SlEIL3 sleil4) showed reduced fruit size, mainly due to decreased auxin biosynthesis. During fruit maturation, slein2 mutants displayed the complete cessation of ripening, which was partially rescued by slebf1 but not slebf2 or slebf3. We also discovered that ethylene directly activates the expression of the developmental genes NOR, RIN, and FRUITFULL1 (FUL1) via SlEIL proteins. Indeed, overexpressing these genes partially rescued the ripening defects of slein2-1. Finally, the signal intensity of the ethylene burst during fruit maturation was intimately connected with the progression of full ripeness. Collectively, our work uncovers a critical role of ethylene in fruit growth and supports a molecular framework of ripening control in which the developmental factors NOR, RIN, and FUL1 act downstream of ethylene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Biology,Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhina Xiao
- Department of Biology,Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuping Qiu
- Department of Biology,Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Biology,Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biology,Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Biology,Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Biology,Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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16
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Lee MB, Shekasteband R, Hutton SF, Lee TG. A mutant allele of the flowering promoting factor 1 gene at the tomato BRACHYTIC locus reduces plant height with high quality fruit. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e422. [PMID: 35949955 PMCID: PMC9352537 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced plant height due to shortened stems is beneficial for improving crop yield potential, better resilience to biotic/abiotic stresses, and rapid crop producer adoption of the agronomic and management practices. Breeding tomato plants with a reduced height, however, poses a particular challenge because this trait is often associated with a significant fruit size (weight) reduction. The tomato BRACHYTIC (BR) locus controls plant height. Genetic mapping and genome assembly revealed three flowering promoting factor 1 (FPF1) genes located within the BR mapping interval, and a complete coding sequence deletion of the telomere proximal FPF1 (Solyc01g066980) was found in the br allele but not in BR. The knock-out of Solyc01g066980 in BR large-fruited fresh-market tomato reduced the height and fruit yield, but the ability to produce large size fruits was retained. However, concurrent yield evaluation of a pair of sister lines with or without the br allele revealed that artificial selection contributes to commercially acceptable yield potential in br tomatoes. A network analysis of gene-expression patterns across genotypes, tissues, and the gibberellic acid (GA) treatment revealed that member(s) of the FPF1 family may play a role in the suppression of the GA biosynthesis in roots and provided a framework for identifying the responsible molecular signaling pathways in br-mediated phenotypic changes. Lastly, mutations of br homologs also resulted in reduced height. These results shed light on the genetic and physiological mechanisms by which the br allele alters tomato architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Bo Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFloridaUSA
| | - Reza Shekasteband
- Department of Horticultural ScienceNorth Carolina State University, Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension CenterMills RiverNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Samuel F. Hutton
- Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFloridaUSA
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Plant Breeders Working GroupUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Tong Geon Lee
- Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaWimaumaFloridaUSA
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Plant Breeders Working GroupUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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17
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Heterologous Biosynthesis of Health-Promoting Baicalein in Lycopersicon esculentum. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103086. [PMID: 35630564 PMCID: PMC9146059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a valuable flavonoid isolated from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which exhibits intensive biological activities, such as anticancer and antiviral activities. However, its production is limited in the root with low yield. In this study, In-Fusion and 2A peptide linker were developed to assemble SbCLL-7, SbCHI, SbCHS-2, SbFNSII-2 and SbCYP82D1.1 genes driven by the AtPD7, CaMV 35S and AtUBQ10 promoters with HSP, E9 and NOS terminators, and were used to engineer baicalein biosynthesis in transgenic tomato plants. The genetically modified tomato plants with this construct synthesized baicalein, ranging from 150 ng/g to 558 ng/g FW (fresh weight). Baicalein-fortified tomatoes have the potential to be health-promoting fresh vegetables and provide an alternative source of baicalein production, with great prospects for market application.
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18
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Pino LE, Lima JE, Vicente MH, de Sá AFL, Pérez-Alfocea F, Albacete A, Costa JL, Werner T, Schmülling T, Freschi L, Figueira A, Zsögön A, Peres LEP. Increased branching independent of strigolactone in cytokinin oxidase 2-overexpressing tomato is mediated by reduced auxin transport. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:12. [PMID: 37789497 PMCID: PMC10514996 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato production is influenced by shoot branching, which is controlled by different hormones. Here we produced tomato plants overexpressing the cytokinin-deactivating gene CYTOKININ OXYDASE 2 (CKX2). CKX2-overexpressing (CKX2-OE) plants showed an excessive growth of axillary shoots, the opposite phenotype expected for plants with reduced cytokinin content, as evidenced by LC-MS analysis and ARR5-GUS staining. The TCP transcription factor SlBRC1b was downregulated in the axillary buds of CKX2-OE and its excessive branching was dependent on a functional version of the GRAS-family gene LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LS). Grafting experiments indicated that increased branching in CKX2-OE plants is unlikely to be mediated by root-derived signals. Crossing CKX2-OE plants with transgenic antisense plants for the strigolactone biosynthesis gene CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE (CCD7-AS) produced an additive phenotype, indicating independent effects of cytokinin and strigolactones on increased branching. On the other hand, CKX2-OE plants showed reduced polar auxin transport and their bud outgrowth was reduced when combined with auxin mutants. Accordingly, CKX2-OE basal buds did not respond to auxin applied in the decapitated apex. Our results suggest that tomato shoot branching depends on a fine-tuning of different hormonal balances and that perturbations in the auxin status could compensate for the reduced cytokinin levels in CKX2-OE plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Ellen Pino
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Joni E Lima
- Botany Department, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mateus H Vicente
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ariadne F L de Sá
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Univ. Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juliana L Costa
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomáš Werner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Biosciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Figueira
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Plant Sciences Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz'University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
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19
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Su D, Xiang W, Liang Q, Wen L, Shi Y, Song B, Liu Y, Xian Z, Li Z. Tomato SlBES1.8 Influences Leaf Morphogenesis by Mediating Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:535-549. [PMID: 35137197 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphogenetic activity determines its shape diversity. However, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanism in maintaining leaf morphogenetic capacity is still limited. In tomato, gibberellin (GA) negatively regulates leaf complexity by shortening the morphogenetic window. We here report a tomato BRI1-EMS-suppressor 1 transcription factor, SlBES1.8, that promoted the simplification of leaf pattern in a similar manner as GA functions. OE-SlBES1.8 plants exhibited reduced sensibility to exogenous GA3 treatment whereas showed increased sensibility to the application of GA biosynthesis inhibitor, paclobutrazol. In line with the phenotypic observation, the endogenous bioactive GA contents were increased in OE-SlBES1.8 lines, which certainly promoted the degradation of the GA signaling negative regulator, SlDELLA. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis uncovered a set of overlapping genomic targets of SlBES1.8 and GA, and most of them were regulated in the same way. Expression studies showed the repression of SlBES1.8 to the transcriptions of two GA-deactivated genes, SlGA2ox2 and SlGA2ox6, and one GA receptor, SlGID1b-1. Further experiments confirmed the direct regulation of SlBES1.8 to their promoters. On the other hand, SlDELLA physically interacted with SlBES1.8 and further inhibited its transcriptional regulation activity by abolishing SlBES1.8-DNA binding. Conclusively, by mediating GA deactivation and signaling, SlBES1.8 greatly influenced tomato leaf morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bangqian Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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20
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Yang D, Liu Y, Ali M, Ye L, Pan C, Li M, Zhao X, Yu F, Zhao X, Lu G. Phytochrome interacting factor 3 regulates pollen mitotic division through auxin signalling and sugar metabolism pathways in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:560-577. [PMID: 34812499 PMCID: PMC9299586 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of viable pollen determines male fertility, and is crucial for reproduction in flowering plants. Phytochrome interacting factor 3 (PIF3) acts as a central regulator of plant growth and development, but its relationship with pollen development has not been determined. Through genetic, histological and transcriptomic analyses, we identified an essential role for SlPIF3 in regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen development. Knocking out SlPIF3 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 resulted in pollen mitosis I arrest, and a failure to form viable pollen. We further demonstrated that both glutamate synthase 1 (SlGLT1) and cell wall invertase 9 (SlCWIN9), involved in auxin and sugar homeostasis, respectively, colocalised with SlPIF3 in the anthers and were directly regulated by SlPIF3. Knockout of either SlGLT1 or SlCWIN9 phenocopied the pollen phenotype of SlPIF3 knockout (Slpif3) lines. Slpif3 fertility was partially restored by exogenous auxin indole-3-acetic acid in a dose-dependent manner. This study reveals a mechanism by which SlPIF3 regulates pollen development and highlights a new strategy for creating hormone-regulated genic male sterile lines for tomato hybrid seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Mengzhuo Li
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Fangjie Yu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Xinai Zhao
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 230Heidelberg69120Germany
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality ImprovementMinistry of AgriculturalZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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21
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Su D, Wen L, Xiang W, Shi Y, Lu W, Liu Y, Xian Z, Li Z. Tomato transcriptional repressor SlBES1.8 influences shoot apical meristem development by inhibiting the DNA binding ability of SlWUS. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:482-498. [PMID: 35076967 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deding Su
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331, Chongqing, China
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22
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Mesa T, Polo J, Arabia A, Caselles V, Munné-Bosch S. Differential physiological response to heat and cold stress of tomato plants and its implication on fruit quality. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153581. [PMID: 34915351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The upcoming climate change presents a great challenge for plant growth and development being extremes temperatures among the major environmental limitations to crop productivity. Understanding the repercussions of these extreme temperatures is of high importance to elaborate future strategies to confront crop damages. Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are one of the most cultivated crops and their fruits are consumed worldwide standing out for their organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value. Tomato plants are sensitive to temperatures below 12 °C and above 32 °C. In this study, Micro-Tom cultivar was used to evaluate the effects of extreme temperatures on the plant of tomato and the fruit productivity and quality from the stressed plants, either exposed to cold (4 °C for three nights per week) or heat (32 °C during the day, seven days per week) treatments. Total productivity and the percentage of ripe fruits per plant were evaluated together with foliar stress markers and the contents of photosynthetic pigments and tocochromanols. Fruit quality was also assessed determining lycopene contents, total soluble solids, total acidity and ascorbate contents. High temperatures altered multiple physiological parameters indicating a moderate stress, particularly decreasing fruit yield. As a response to this stress, plants enhanced their antioxidant contents both at leaf and fruit level. Low temperatures did not negatively affect the physiology of plants with similar yields as compared to controls, suggesting chilling acclimation. Both high and low temperatures, but most particularly the former, increased total soluble solids contents indicating that temperature control may be used as a strategy to modulate fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Mesa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Polo
- R&D Department, APC Europe S.L., Granollers, Spain
| | - Alba Arabia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicent Caselles
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain; R&D Department, APC Europe S.L., Granollers, Spain; Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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23
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Larriba E, Sánchez-García AB, Justamante MS, Martínez-Andújar C, Albacete A, Pérez-Pérez JM. Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11843. [PMID: 34769274 PMCID: PMC8584571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have a remarkable regenerative capacity, which allows them to survive tissue damage after biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we use Solanum lycopersicum 'Micro-Tom' explants as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation, as these explants can regenerate the missing structures without the exogenous application of plant hormones. Here, we performed simultaneous targeted profiling of 22 phytohormone-related metabolites during de novo organ formation and found that endogenous hormone levels dynamically changed after root and shoot excision, according to region-specific patterns. Our results indicate that a defined temporal window of high auxin-to-cytokinin accumulation in the basal region of the explants was required for adventitious root formation and that was dependent on a concerted regulation of polar auxin transport through the hypocotyl, of local induction of auxin biosynthesis, and of local inhibition of auxin degradation. In the apical region, though, a minimum of auxin-to-cytokinin ratio is established shortly after wounding both by decreasing active auxin levels and by draining auxin via its basipetal transport and internalization. Cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormonal gradients involved in wound-induced de novo organ formation in tomato hypocotyl explants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Larriba
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Ana Belén Sánchez-García
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - María Salud Justamante
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Cristina Martínez-Andújar
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (A.A.)
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- CEBAS-CSIC, Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (A.A.)
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain; (E.L.); (A.B.S.-G.); (M.S.J.)
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24
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Lee J, Kim H, Park SG, Hwang H, Yoo SI, Bae W, Kim E, Kim J, Lee HY, Heo TY, Kang KK, Lee Y, Hong CP, Cho H, Ryu H. Brassinosteroid-BZR1/2-WAT1 module determines the high level of auxin signalling in vascular cambium during wood formation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1503-1516. [PMID: 33570747 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The tight regulation of local auxin homeostasis and signalling maxima in xylem precursor cells specifies the organising activity of the vascular cambium and consequently promotes xylem differentiation and wood formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the local auxin signalling maxima in the vascular cambium are largely unknown. Here, we reveal that brassinosteroid (BR)-activated WALLS ARE THIN1 (WAT1) facilitates wood formation by enhancing local auxin signalling in the vascular cambium in Solanum lycopersicum. Growth defects and low auxin signalling readouts in the BR-deficient tomato cultivar, Micro-Tom, were associated with a novel recessive allele, Slwat1-copi, created by the insertion of a retrotransposon in the last exon of the SlWAT1 locus. Molecular and genetic studies by generating the gain-of-function and loss-of-function tomato mutants revealed that SlWAT1 is a critical regulator for fine tuning local auxin homeostasis and signalling outputs in vascular cambium to facilitate secondary growth. Finally, we discovered that BR-regulated SlBZR1/2 directly activated downstream auxin responses by SlWAT1 upregulation in xylem precursor cells to facilitate xylem differentiation and subsequent wood formation. Our data suggest that the BR-SlBZR1/2-WAT1 signalling network contributes to the high level of auxin signalling in the vascular cambium for secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | | | - Hyeona Hwang
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | | | - Wonsil Bae
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Eunhui Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Information and Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Forest Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Heo
- Department of Information and Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Kwon Kyoo Kang
- Department of Horticulture, Hankyong National University, Ansung, 17579, Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
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25
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Deslous P, Bournonville C, Decros G, Okabe Y, Mauxion JP, Jorly J, Gadin S, Brès C, Mori K, Ferrand C, Prigent S, Ariizumi T, Ezura H, Hernould M, Rothan C, Pétriacq P, Gibon Y, Baldet P. Overproduction of ascorbic acid impairs pollen fertility in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3091-3107. [PMID: 33530105 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate is a major antioxidant buffer in plants. Several approaches have been used to increase the ascorbate content of fruits and vegetables. Here, we combined forward genetics with mapping-by-sequencing approaches using an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized Micro-Tom population to identify putative regulators underlying a high-ascorbate phenotype in tomato fruits. Among the ascorbate-enriched mutants, the family with the highest fruit ascorbate level (P17C5, up to 5-fold wild-type level) had strongly impaired flower development and produced seedless fruit. Genetic characterization was performed by outcrossing P17C5 with cv. M82. We identified the mutation responsible for the ascorbate-enriched trait in a cis-acting upstream open reading frame (uORF) involved in the downstream regulation of GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP). Using a specific CRISPR strategy, we generated uORF-GGP1 mutants and confirmed the ascorbate-enriched phenotype. We further investigated the impact of the ascorbate-enriched trait in tomato plants by phenotyping the original P17C5 EMS mutant, the population of outcrossed P17C5 × M82 plants, and the CRISPR-mutated line. These studies revealed that high ascorbate content is linked to impaired floral organ architecture, particularly anther and pollen development, leading to male sterility. RNA-seq analysis suggested that uORF-GGP1 acts as a regulator of ascorbate synthesis that maintains redox homeostasis to allow appropriate plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Deslous
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Céline Bournonville
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Guillaume Decros
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Gene Research Centre, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 205-8572, Japan
| | | | - Joana Jorly
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphanie Gadin
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Brès
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Kentaro Mori
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Carine Ferrand
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sylvain Prigent
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Gene Research Centre, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 205-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Gene Research Centre, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 205-8572, Japan
| | - Michel Hernould
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Pierre Baldet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 BFP, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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26
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Mori K, Lemaire-Chamley M, Jorly J, Carrari F, Conte M, Asamizu E, Mizoguchi T, Ezura H, Rothan C. The conserved brassinosteroid-related transcription factor BIM1a negatively regulates fruit growth in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1181-1197. [PMID: 33097930 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that play key roles in plant development and defense. Our goal is to harness the extensive knowledge of the Arabidopsis BR signaling network to improve productivity in crop species. This first requires identifying components of the conserved network and their function in the target species. Here, we investigated the function of SlBIM1a, the closest tomato homolog of AtBIM1, which is highly expressed in fruit. SlBIM1a-overexpressing lines displayed severe plant and fruit dwarfism, and histological characterization of different transgenic lines revealed that SlBIM1a expression negatively correlated with fruit pericarp cell size, resulting in fruit size modifications. These growth phenotypes were in contrast to those found in Arabidopsis, and this was confirmed by the reciprocal ectopic expression of SlBIM1a/b in Arabidopsis and of AtBIM1 in tomato. These results determined that BIM1 function depends more on the recipient species than on its primary sequence. Yeast two-hybrid interaction studies and transcriptomic analyses of SlBIM1a-overexpressing fruit further suggested that SlBIM1a acts through its interaction with SlBZH1 to govern the transcriptional regulation of growth-related BR target genes. Together, these results suggest that SlBIM1a is a negative regulator of pericarp cell expansion, possibly at the crossroads with auxin and light signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Mori
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Joana Jorly
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Fernando Carrari
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, B1712WAA Castelar, Argentina
| | - Mariana Conte
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, B1712WAA Castelar, Argentina
| | - Erika Asamizu
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mizoguchi
- Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tskuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Kaulfürst-Soboll H, Mertens-Beer M, Brehler R, Albert M, von Schaewen A. Complex N-Glycans Are Important for Normal Fruit Ripening and Seed Development in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635962. [PMID: 33767719 PMCID: PMC7985349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex N-glycan modification of secretory glycoproteins in plants is still not well understood. Essential in animals, where a lack of complex N-glycans is embryo-lethal, their presence in plants seemed less relevant for a long time mostly because Arabidopsis thaliana cgl1 mutants lacking N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase I (GNTI, the enzyme initiating complex N-glycan maturation in the Golgi apparatus) are viable and showed only minor impairments regarding stress tolerance or development. A different picture emerged when a rice (Oryza sativa) gntI T-DNA mutant was found to be unable to reach the reproductive stage. Here, we report on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) lines that showed severe impairments upon two RNA interference (RNAi) approaches. Originally created to shed light on the role of core α1,3-fucose and β1,2-xylose residues in food allergy, plants with strongly reduced GNTI activity developed necrotic fruit-attached stalks and early fruit drop combined with patchy incomplete ripening. Correspondingly, semiquantitative RT-PCR of the abscission zone (az) revealed an increase of abscission markers. Also, GNTI-RNA interference (RNAi) plants were more susceptible to sporadic infection. To obtain vital tomatoes with comparable low allergenic potential, Golgi α-mannosidase II (MANII) was chosen as the second target. The resulting phenotypes were oppositional: MANII-reduced plants carried normal-looking fruits that remained attached for extended time without signs of necrosis. Fruits contained no or only few, but enlarged, seeds. Furthermore, leaves developed rolled-up rims simultaneously during the reproductive stage. Trials to cross MANII-reduced plants failed, while GNTI-reduced plants could be (back-)crossed, retaining their characteristic phenotype. This phenotype could not be overcome by ethephon or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) application, but the latter was able to mimic patchy fruit ripening in wild-type. Phytohormones measured in leaves and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) contents in fruits showed no significant differences. Together, the findings hint at altered liberation/perception of protein-bound N-glycans, known to trigger auxin-like effects. Concomitantly, semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed differences in auxin-responsive genes, indicating the importance of complex N-glycan modification for hormone signaling/crosstalk. Another possible role of altered glycoprotein life span seems subordinate, as concluded from transient expression of Arabidopsis KORRIGAN KOR1-GFP fusion proteins in RNAi plants of Nicotiana benthamiana. In summary, our analyses stress the importance of complex N-glycan maturation for normal plant responses, especially in fruit-bearing crops like tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Randolf Brehler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Albert
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antje von Schaewen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Antje von Schaewen, ;
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28
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Mannino G, Campobenedetto C, Vigliante I, Contartese V, Gentile C, Bertea CM. The Application of a Plant Biostimulant Based on Seaweed and Yeast Extract Improved Tomato Fruit Development and Quality. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1662. [PMID: 33322680 PMCID: PMC7763504 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant biostimulants are under investigation as innovative products to improve plant production and fruit quality, without resulting in environmental and food contaminations. Here, the effects of the application of Expando, a biostimulant based on seaweed and yeast extracts, on plant productivity, fruit ripening times, and fruit quality of Solanum lycopersicum var. Micro-Tom were evaluated. After biostimulant treatment, a two-week reduction of ripening times and a concomitant enhancement of the production percentage during the earliest ripening times, in terms of both fruit yield (+110%) and size (+85%), were observed. Concerning fruit quality, proximate analysis showed that tomatoes treated with the biostimulant had better nutritional composition compared to untreated samples, since both the quality of unsatured fatty acids (C16:3ω3: +328%; C18:2ω6: -23%) and micronutrients essential for human health (Fe: +14%; Cu: +21%; Zn: +24%) were increased. From a nutraceutical point of view, despite strong changes in bioactive compound profile not being observed, an increase of the antioxidant properties was recorded in fruits harvested by plants treated with the biostimulant (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS): +38%; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH): +11%). In conclusion, the biostimulant application was able to reduce the ripening times and fruit size, while slightly increasing nutritional and nutraceutical values, leading to more marketable tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Campobenedetto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.)
- Green Has Italia S.p.A, 12043 Canale (CN), Italy (I.V.); (V.C.)
| | - Ivano Vigliante
- Green Has Italia S.p.A, 12043 Canale (CN), Italy (I.V.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Innovation Centre, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.C.)
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29
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How Hormones and MADS-Box Transcription Factors Are Involved in Controlling Fruit Set and Parthenocarpy in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121441. [PMID: 33265980 PMCID: PMC7760363 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit set is the earliest phase of fruit growth and represents the onset of ovary growth after successful fertilization. In parthenocarpy, fruit formation is less affected by environmental factors because it occurs in the absence of pollination and fertilization, making parthenocarpy a highly desired agronomic trait. Elucidating the genetic program controlling parthenocarpy, and more generally fruit set, may have important implications in agriculture, considering the need for crops to be adaptable to climate changes. Several phytohormones play an important role in the transition from flower to fruit. Further complexity emerges from functional analysis of floral homeotic genes. Some homeotic MADS-box genes are implicated in fruit growth and development, displaying an expression pattern commonly observed for ovary growth repressors. Here, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on the molecular regulatory gene network underlying fruit set in tomato, the model organism for fleshy fruit development due to the many genetic and genomic resources available. We describe how the genetic modification of components of this network can cause parthenocarpy, discussing the contribution of hormonal signals and MADS-box transcription factors.
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30
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Maeda S, Yokotani N, Oda K, Mori M. Enhanced resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases in tomato and Arabidopsis expressing BSR2 from rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1493-1503. [PMID: 32772129 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of rice BSR2 would offer a simple and effective strategy to protect plants from multiple devastating diseases in tomato and Arabidopsis. Many devastating plant diseases are caused by pathogens possessing a wide host range. Fungal Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani, as well as bacterial Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum are four such pathogens that infect hundreds of plant species, including agronomically important crops, and cause serious diseases, leading to severe economic losses. However, reports of genes that can confer resistance to broad host-range pathogens via traditional breeding methods are currently limited. We previously reported that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing rice BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE2 (BSR2/CYP78A15) showed tolerance not only to bacterial P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but also to fungal Colletotrichum higginsianum and R. solani. Rice plants overexpressing BSR2 displayed tolerance to two R. solani anastomosis groups. In the present study, first, BSR2-overexpressing (OX) Arabidopsis plants were shown to be additionally tolerant to B. cinerea, R. solani, and R. pseudosolanacearum. Next, tomato 'Micro-Tom' was used as a model to determine whether such tolerance by BSR2 can be introduced into dicot crops to prevent infection from pathogens possessing wide host range. BSR2-OX tomato displayed broad-spectrum disease tolerance to fungal B. cinerea and R. solani, as well as to bacterial P. syringae and R. pseudosolanacearum. Additionally, undesirable traits such as morphological changes were not detected. Thus, BSR2 overexpression can offer a simple and effective strategy to protect crops from multiple destructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Maeda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Yokotani
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Okayama, Japan
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Oda
- Research Institute for Biological Sciences, Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), Tsukuba, Japan.
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31
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yang T, Zhang J, Liu B, Zhan X, Liang Y. The GAMYB-like gene SlMYB33 mediates flowering and pollen development in tomato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:133. [PMID: 32922805 PMCID: PMC7459326 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
GAMYBs are positive GA signaling factors that exhibit essential functions in reproductive development, particularly in anther and pollen development. However, there is no direct evidence of the regulation of any GAMYB in these biological processes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here, we identified a tomato GAMYB-like gene, SlMYB33, and characterized its specific roles. SlMYB33 is predominately expressed in the stamens and pistils. During flower development, high mRNA abundance of SlMYB33 is detected in both male and female organs, such as microspore mother cells, anthers, pollen grains, and ovules. Silencing of SlMYB33 leads to delayed flowering, aberrant pollen viability, and poor fertility in tomato. Histological analyses indicate that SlMYB33 exerts its function in pollen development in the mature stage. Further transcriptomic analyses imply that the knockdown of SlMYB33 significantly inhibits the expression of genes related to flowering in shoot apices, and alters the transcription of genes controlling sugar metabolism in anthers. Taken together, our study suggests that SlMYB33 regulates tomato flowering and pollen maturity, probably by modulating the expression of genes responsible for flowering and sugar metabolism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xiangqiang Zhan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi P. R. China
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32
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Parrotta L, Aloisi I, Faleri C, Romi M, Del Duca S, Cai G. Chronic heat stress affects the photosynthetic apparatus of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Micro-Tom. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:463-475. [PMID: 32912485 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world. Tomato is a plant model and the relationship between yield and biotic/abiotic stress has attracted increasing scientific interest. Tomato cultivation under sub-optimal conditions usually negatively impacts growth and development; in particular, heat stress affects several cellular and metabolic processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis. In this work, we studied the effects of chronic heat stress on various cytological and biochemical aspects using the Micro-Tom cultivar as a model. Photosynthetic efficiency decreased during heat stress while levels of post-photosynthetic sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose and glucose 6-phosphate) oscillated during stress. Similarly, photosynthetic pigments (lutein, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and β-carotene) showed an oscillating downward trend with partial recovery during the stress-free phase. The energetic capacity of leaves (e.g. ATP and ADP) was altered, as well as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) profile; the latter increased during stress. Important effects were also found on the accumulation of Rubisco isoforms, which decreased in number. Heat stress also resulted in a decreased accumulation of lipids (oleic and linoleic acid). Photosynthetically alterations were accompanied by cytological changes in leaf structure, particularly in the number of lipid bodies and starch granules. Prolonged heat stress progressively compromised the photosynthetic efficiency of tomato leaves. The present study reports multi-approach information on metabolic and photosynthetic injuries and responses of tomato plants to chronic heat stress, highlighting the plant's ability to adapt to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Parrotta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - I Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Del Duca
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - G Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Liu X, Yang W, Wang J, Yang M, Wei K, Liu X, Qiu Z, van Giang T, Wang X, Guo Y, Li J, Liu L, Shu J, Du Y, Huang Z. SlGID1a Is a Putative Candidate Gene for qtph1.1, a Major-Effect Quantitative Trait Locus Controlling Tomato Plant Height. Front Genet 2020; 11:881. [PMID: 32849843 PMCID: PMC7427465 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant height is an important agronomic trait in crops. Several genes underlying tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plant height mutants have been cloned. However, few quantitative trait genes for plant height have been identified in tomato. In this study, seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling plant height were identified in tomato. Of which, qtph1.1 (QTL for tomato plant height 1.1), qtph3.1 and qtph12.1 were major QTLs and explained 15, 16, and 12% of phenotypic variation (R2), respectively. The qtph1.1 was further mapped to an 18.9-kb interval on chromosome 1. Based on the annotated tomato genome (version SL2.50, annotation ITAG2.40), Solyc01g098390 encoding GA receptor SlGID1a was the putative candidate gene. The SlGID1a gene underlying the qtph1.1 locus contained a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that resulted in an amino acid alteration in protein sequence. The near-isogenic line containing the qtph1.1 locus (NIL-qtph1.1) exhibited shorter internode length and cell length than the wild type (NIL-WT). The dwarf phenotype of NIL-qtph1.1 could not be rescued by exogenous GA3 treatment. Transcriptome analysis and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) showed that several genes related to biosynthesis and signaling of GA and auxin were differentially expressed in stems between NIL-qtph1.1 and NIL-WT. These findings might pave the road for understanding the molecular regulation mechanism of tomato plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wencai Yang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong van Giang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshuai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchen Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zejun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sun M, Li H, Li Y, Xiang H, Liu Y, He Y, Qi M, Li T. Tomato YABBY2b controls plant height through regulating indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase (GH3.8) expression. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 297:110530. [PMID: 32563468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfing is a desirable agronomic trait in cultivation management. Dwarf plants are lodging-resistant, compact, and perform well under high-density planting. The use of dwarf genetic resources is one approach to improve crop yield. YABBY2b in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) encodes a transcription factor that regulates plant height. In this study, we created YABBY2b knockout mutant lines, and the resulting yabby2b plants exhibited reduced height and smaller flowers and fruits. The RNA-seq analysis showed that 17 genes responding to gibberellin and auxin were differentially expressed. We hypothesized that indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3.8 (GH3.8) played a crucial role in the resulting yabby2b dwarf phenotype. Further analysis showed that YABBY2b suppresses GH3.8 gene expression by directly binding to its promoter, and that this contributes to auxin-mediated repression of GH3.8. Moreover, the silencing of GH3.8 led to increased plant height. Combined, our data suggest that YABBY2b may positively regulate plant height in tomato by inhibiting the expression of growth suppressor GH3.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Sun
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Yanbing Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Hengzuo Xiang
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Yudong Liu
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Yi He
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
| | - Tianlai Li
- Horticulture Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District 110866, PR China.
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35
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Martins M, Sousa B, Lopes J, Soares C, Machado J, Carvalho S, Fidalgo F, Teixeira J. Diclofenac shifts the role of root glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase for maintaining nitrogen assimilation and proline production at the expense of shoot carbon reserves in Solanum lycopersicum L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29130-29142. [PMID: 32430722 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase of the human population worldwide has led to an increase of pharmaceuticals' consumption, such as diclofenac (DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), that is not removed by wastewater treatment processes. Although there is some research regarding the effects of DCF on animals and aquatic invertebrates, information concerning its influence on plants' metabolism is still scarce. Through an integrated approach, using combined biochemical and molecular biology techniques, this work aimed to evaluate the phytotoxicity of DCF in Solanum lycopersicum L., focusing on the primary plant processes: nitrogen (N) assimilation and photosynthesis. The exposure of tomato plants to increasing concentrations of DCF (0, 0.5, and 5 mg L-1) revealed that glutamine synthetase (GS) was differentially affected, in an organ-dependent manner, by this contaminant at the gene expression, protein, and activity levels, with an increased activity of 0.2-fold in shoots of plants treated with the lowest concentration of DCF although a general decrease was registered for the SlGS gene family expression, revealing that post-translational regulation was in order, since GS2 polypeptide content did not change. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was generally enhanced, accompanied by increases of 0.4- to 1.9-fold in proline levels, revealing GDH as an important compensatory route for both N assimilation and proline production under stressful conditions. No alterations in most photosynthetic endpoints were noticed after DCF treatments, but small decreases of 0.1- to 0.8-fold in the accumulation of RuBisCO-encoding transcripts were observed, along with a reduction in starch content. Some alterations in the soluble polypeptide profile were also detected in response to DCF, evidencing the participation of some stress-related proteins in the plant's response to DCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martins
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Sousa
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lopes
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Machado
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Carvalho
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Teixeira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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36
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Tan C, Peiffer ML, Ali JG, Luthe DS, Felton GW. Top‐down effects from parasitoids may mediate plant defence and plant fitness. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching‐Wen Tan
- Department of Entomology Penn State University University Park PA USA
| | | | - Jared G. Ali
- Department of Entomology Penn State University University Park PA USA
| | - Dawn S. Luthe
- Department of Plant Science Penn State University University Park PA USA
| | - Gary W. Felton
- Department of Entomology Penn State University University Park PA USA
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37
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Barro-Trastoy D, Carrera E, Baños J, Palau-Rodríguez J, Ruiz-Rivero O, Tornero P, Alonso JM, López-Díaz I, Gómez MD, Pérez-Amador MA. Regulation of ovule initiation by gibberellins and brassinosteroids in tomato and Arabidopsis: two plant species, two molecular mechanisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:1026-1041. [PMID: 31930587 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovule primordia formation is a complex developmental process with a strong impact on the production of seeds. In Arabidopsis this process is controlled by a gene network, including components of the signalling pathways of auxin, brassinosteroids (BRs) and cytokinins. Recently, we have shown that gibberellins (GAs) also play an important role in ovule primordia initiation, inhibiting ovule formation in both Arabidopsis and tomato. Here we reveal that BRs also participate in the control of ovule initiation in tomato, by promoting an increase on ovule primordia formation. Moreover, molecular and genetic analyses of the co-regulation by GAs and BRs of the control of ovule initiation indicate that two different mechanisms occur in tomato and Arabidopsis. In tomato, GAs act downstream of BRs. BRs regulate ovule number through the downregulation of GA biosynthesis, which provokes stabilization of DELLA proteins that will finally promote ovule primordia initiation. In contrast, in Arabidopsis both GAs and BRs regulate ovule number independently of the activity levels of the other hormone. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that different molecular mechanisms could operate in different plant species to regulate identical developmental processes even, as for ovule primordia initiation, if the same set of hormones trigger similar responses, adding a new level of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barro-Trastoy
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Carrera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Baños
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Palau-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Ruiz-Rivero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Tornero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Isabel López-Díaz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Pérez-Amador
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CPI 8E, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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38
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Hu W, Figueroa‐Balderas R, Chi‐Ham C, Lagarias JC. Regulation of monocot and dicot plant development with constitutively active alleles of phytochrome B. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00210. [PMID: 32346668 PMCID: PMC7184922 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The constitutively active missense allele of Arabidopsis phytochrome B, AtPHYBY276H or AtYHB, encodes a polypeptide that adopts a light-insensitive, physiologically active conformation capable of sustaining photomorphogenesis in darkness. Here, we show that the orthologous OsYHB allele of rice phytochrome B (OsPHYBY283H ) also encodes a dominant "constitutively active" photoreceptor through comparative phenotypic analyses of AtYHB and OsYHB transgenic lines of four eudicot species, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), Nicotiana sylvestris and Solanum lycopersicum cv. MicroTom (tomato), and of two monocot species, Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and Brachypodium distachyon. Reciprocal transformation experiments show that the gain-of-function constitutive photomorphogenic (cop) phenotypes by YHB expression are stronger in host plants within the same class than across classes. Our studies also reveal additional YHB-dependent traits in adult plants, which include extreme shade tolerance, both early and late flowering behaviors, delayed leaf senescence, reduced tillering, and even viviparous seed germination. However, the strength of these gain-of-function phenotypes depends on the specific combination of YHB allele and species/cultivar transformed. Flowering and tillering of OsYHB- and OsPHYB-expressing lines of rice Nipponbare and Kitaake cultivars were compared, also revealing differences in YHB/PHYB allele versus genotype interaction on the phenotypic behavior of the two rice cultivars. In view of recent evidence that the regulatory activity of AtYHB is not only light insensitive but also temperature insensitive, selective YHB expression is expected to yield improved agronomic performance of both dicot and monocot crop plant species not possible with wild-type PHYB alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Rosa Figueroa‐Balderas
- Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA)University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
- Department of Viticulture and EnologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Cecilia Chi‐Ham
- Public Intellectual Property Resource for Agriculture (PIPRA)University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - J. Clark Lagarias
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
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Development and Characterization of an Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) Induced Mutant Population in Capsicum annuum L. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030396. [PMID: 32210121 PMCID: PMC7154856 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant breeding explores genetic diversity in useful traits to develop new, high-yielding, and improved cultivars. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) is a chemical widely used to induce mutations at loci that regulate economically essential traits. Additionally, it can knock out genes, facilitating efforts to elucidate gene functions through the analysis of mutant phenotypes. Here, we developed a mutant population using the small and pungent ornamental Capsicum annuum pepper “Micro-Pep”. This accession is particularly suitable for mutation studies and molecular research due to its compact growth habit and small size. We treated 9500 seeds with 1.3% EMS and harvested 3996 M2 lines. We then selected 1300 (32.5%) independent M2 families and evaluated their phenotypes over four years. The mutants displayed phenotypic variations in plant growth, habit, leaf color and shape, and flower and fruit morphology. An experiment to optimize Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) in pepper detected nine EMS-induced mutations in the eIF4E gene. The M2 families developed here exhibited broad phenotypic variation and should be valuable genetic resources for functional gene analysis in pepper molecular breeding programs using reverse genetics tools, including TILLING.
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Schuurink R, Tissier A. Glandular trichomes: micro-organs with model status? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2251-2266. [PMID: 31651036 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are epidermal outgrowths that are the site of biosynthesis and storage of large quantities of specialized metabolites. Besides their role in the protection of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses, they have attracted interest owing to the importance of the compounds they produce for human use; for example, as pharmaceuticals, flavor and fragrance ingredients, or pesticides. Here, we review what novel concepts investigations on glandular trichomes have brought to the field of specialized metabolism, particularly with respect to chemical and enzymatic diversity. Furthermore, the next challenges in the field are understanding the metabolic network underlying the high productivity of glandular trichomes and the transport and storage of metabolites. Another emerging area is the development of glandular trichomes. Studies in some model species, essentially tomato, tobacco, and Artemisia, are now providing the first molecular clues, but many open questions remain: How is the distribution and density of different trichome types on the leaf surface controlled? When is the decision for an epidermal cell to differentiate into one type of trichome or another taken? Recent advances in gene editing make it now possible to address these questions and promise exciting discoveries in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schuurink
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Science Research Cluster, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 1210, 1000 BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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41
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Li Y, Zhang S, Dong R, Wang L, Yao J, van Nocker S, Wang X. The grapevine homeobox gene VvHB58 influences seed and fruit development through multiple hormonal signaling pathways. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:523. [PMID: 31775649 PMCID: PMC6882351 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The homeobox transcription factor has a diversity of functions during plant growth and development process. Previous transcriptome analyses of seed development in grape hybrids suggested that specific homeodomain transcription factors are involved in seed development in seedless cultivars. However, the molecular mechanism of homeobox gene regulating seed development in grape is rarely reported. RESULTS Here, we report that the grapevine VvHB58 gene, encoding a homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip I) transcription factor, participates in regulating fruit size and seed number. The VvHB58 gene was differentially expressed during seed development between seedless and seeded cultivars. Subcellular localization assays revealed that the VvHB58 protein was located in the nucleus. Transgenic expression of VvHB58 in tomato led to loss of apical dominance, a reduction in fruit pericarp expansion, reduced fruit size and seed number, and larger endosperm cells. Analysis of the cytosine methylation levels within the VvHB58 promoter indicated that the differential expression during seed development between seedless and seeded grapes may be caused by different transcriptional regulatory mechanisms rather than promoter DNA methylation. Measurements of five classic endogenous hormones and expression analysis of hormone-related genes between VvHB58 transgenic and nontransgenic control plants showed that expression of VvHB58 resulted in significant changes in auxin, gibberellin and ethylene signaling pathways. Additionally, several DNA methylation-related genes were expressed differentially during seed development stages in seedless and seeded grapes, suggesting changes in methylation levels during seed development may be associated with seed abortion. CONCLUSION VvHB58 has a potential function in regulating fruit and seed development by impacting multiple hormonal pathways. These results expand understanding of homeodomain transcription factors and potential regulatory mechanism of seed development in grapevine, and provided insights into molecular breeding for grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunduan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Songlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Ruzhuang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Jin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Steve van Nocker
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Xiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
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Desiderio A, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, Massa S, Pimpinella M, De Coste V, Pioli C, Nardi L, Benvenuto E, Villani ME. Effects of Simulated Space Radiations on the Tomato Root Proteome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1334. [PMID: 31708949 PMCID: PMC6821793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant cultivation on spacecraft or planetary outposts is a promising and actual perspective both for food and bioactive molecules production. To this aim, plant response to ionizing radiations, as an important component of space radiation, must be assessed through on-ground experiments due to the potentially fatal effects on living systems. Hereby, we investigated the effects of X-rays and γ-rays exposure on tomato "hairy root" cultures (HRCs), which represent a solid platform for the production of pharmaceutically relevant molecules, including metabolites and recombinant proteins. In a space application perspective, we used an HRC system previously fortified through the accumulation of anthocyanins, which are known for their anti-oxidant properties. Roots were independently exposed to different photon radiations, namely X-rays (250 kV) and γ-rays (Co60, 1.25 MeV), both at the absorbed dose levels of 0.5, 5, and 10 Gy. Molecular changes induced in the proteome of HRCs were investigated by a comparative approach based on two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) technology, which allowed to highlight dynamic processes activated by these environmental stresses. Results revealed a comparable response to both photon treatments. In particular, the presence of differentially represented proteins were observed only when roots were exposed to 5 or 10 Gy of X-rays or γ-rays, while no variations were appreciated at 0.5 Gy of both radiations, when compared with unexposed control. Differentially represented proteins were identified by mass spectrometry procedures and their functional interactions were analyzed, revealing variations in the activation of stress response integrated mechanisms as well as in carbon/energy and protein metabolism. Specific results from above-mentioned procedures were validated by immunoblotting. Finally, a morphometric analysis verified the absence of significant alterations in the development of HRCs, allowing to ascribe the observed variations of protein expression to processes of acclimation to ionizing radiations. Overall results contribute to a meaningful risk evaluation for biological systems exposed to extra-terrestrial environments, in the perspective of manned interplanetary missions planned for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angiola Desiderio
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Massa
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pimpinella
- National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, ENEA-INMRI, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Coste
- National Institute of Ionizing Radiation Metrology, ENEA-INMRI, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Division Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Nardi
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Benvenuto
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Villani
- Division Biotechnologies and Agroindustry, National Agency for Energy, New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
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Hong J, Lee H, Lee J, Kim H, Ryu H. ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 is involved in brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of flowering in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:207-214. [PMID: 30908972 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) is one of the essential transcription factors of ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) signaling, functioning in seed germination, early seedling development, and abiotic stress tolerance. A recent study showed that epigenetic repression of ABI3 by brassinosteroid (BR)-activated BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1)-TOPLESS (TPL)HISTONE DEACETYLASE 19 (HDA19) repressor complex is a critical event for promoting seed germination and early seedling development. However, other physiological roles of the repression of ABI3 and ABA responses by BES1-mediated BR signaling pathways remain elusive. Here, we show that BES1-mediated suppression of ABI3 promotes floral transition and ABI3 acts as a negative regulator for flowering. Ectopic expression of ABI3 specifically compromised the early flowering phenotype of bes1-D and induced severe late-flowering phenotypes in wild-type Arabidopsis and Solanum lycopersicum plants. Both spatiotemporal expression patterns and global transcriptome analysis of ABI3-overexpressing plants supported the biological roles of ABI3 in the negative regulation of floral transition and reproduction. Finally, we confirmed that the loss of function of ABI3 induced early-flowering phenotypes in both long- and short-day conditions. In conclusion, our data suggest that BES1-mediated regulation of ABI3 is important in the reproductive phase transition of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeui Hong
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Horim Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Chaudhary J, Alisha A, Bhatt V, Chandanshive S, Kumar N, Mir Z, Kumar A, Yadav SK, Shivaraj SM, Sonah H, Deshmukh R. Mutation Breeding in Tomato: Advances, Applicability and Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E128. [PMID: 31091747 PMCID: PMC6572636 DOI: 10.3390/plants8050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Induced mutagenesis is one of the most effective strategies for trait improvement without altering the well-optimized genetic background of the cultivars. In this review, several currently accessible methods such as physical, chemical and insertional mutagenesis have been discussed concerning their efficient exploration for the tomato crop improvement. Similarly, challenges for the adaptation of genome-editing, a newly developed technique providing an opportunity to induce precise mutation, have been addressed. Several efforts of genome-editing have been demonstrated in tomato and other crops, exploring its effectiveness and convenience for crop improvement. Descriptive data compiled here from such efforts will be helpful for the efficient exploration of technological advances. However, uncertainty about the regulation of genome-edited crops is still a significant concern, particularly when timely trait improvement in tomato cultivars is needed. In this regard, random approaches of induced mutagenesis are still promising if efficiently explored in breeding applications. Precise identification of casual mutation is a prerequisite for the molecular understanding of the trait development as well as its utilization for the breeding program. Recent advances in sequencing techniques provide an opportunity for the precise detection of mutagenesis-induced sequence variations at a large scale in the genome. Here, we reviewed several novel next-generation sequencing based mutation mapping approaches including Mutmap, MutChromeSeq, and whole-genome sequencing-based mapping which has enormous potential to accelerate the mutation breeding in tomato. The proper utilization of the existing well-characterized tomato mutant resources combined with novel mapping approaches would inevitably lead to rapid enhancement of tomato quality and yield. This article provides an overview of the principles and applications of mutagenesis approaches in tomato and discusses the current progress and challenges involved in tomato mutagenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
| | - Alisha Alisha
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Sonali Chandanshive
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Nirbhay Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Zahoor Mir
- National Research Center on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, Delhi 110001, Inida.
| | - Satish K Yadav
- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, Delhi 110012, India.
| | - S M Shivaraj
- Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab 140308, India.
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Identification and Characterization of EI ( Elongated Internode) Gene in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092204. [PMID: 31060285 PMCID: PMC6540210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Internode length is an important agronomic trait affecting plant architecture and crop yield. However, few genes for internode elongation have been identified in tomato. In this study, we characterized an elongated internode inbred line P502, which is a natural mutant of the tomato cultivar 05T606. The mutant P502 exhibits longer internode and higher bioactive GA concentration compared with wild-type 05T606. Genetic analysis suggested that the elongated internode trait is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL). Then, we identified a major QTL on chromosome 2 based on molecular markers and bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The locus was designated as EI (Elongated Internode), which explained 73.6% genetic variance. The EI was further mapped to a 75.8-kb region containing 10 genes in the reference Heinz 1706 genome. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region of solyc02g080120.1 was identified, which encodes gibberellin 2-beta-dioxygenase 7 (SlGA2ox7). SlGA2ox7, orthologous to AtGA2ox7 and AtGA2ox8, is involved in the regulation of GA degradation. Overexpression of the wild EI gene in mutant P502 caused a dwarf phenotype with a shortened internode. The difference of EI expression levels was not significant in the P502 and wild-type, but the expression levels of GA biosynthetic genes including CPS, KO, KAO, GA20ox1, GA20ox2, GA20ox4, GA3ox1, GA2ox1, GA2ox2, GA2ox4, and GA2ox5, were upregulated in mutant P502. Our results may provide a better understanding of the genetics underlying the internode elongation and valuable information to improve plant architecture of the tomato.
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Lee J, Han S, Lee HY, Jeong B, Heo TY, Hyun TK, Kim K, Je BI, Lee H, Shim D, Park SJ, Ryu H. Brassinosteroids facilitate xylem differentiation and wood formation in tomato. PLANTA 2019; 249:1391-1403. [PMID: 30673841 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BR signaling pathways facilitate xylem differentiation and wood formation by fine tuning SlBZR1/SlBZR2-mediated gene expression networks involved in plant secondary growth. Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and BR crosstalk with diverse signaling cues are involved in the pleiotropic regulation of plant growth and development. Recent studies reported the critical roles of BR biosynthesis and signaling in vascular bundle development and plant secondary growth; however, the molecular bases of these roles are unclear. Here, we performed comparative physiological and anatomical analyses of shoot morphological growth in a cultivated wild-type tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. BGA) and a BR biosynthetic mutant [Micro Tom (MT)]. We observed that the canonical BR signaling pathway was essential for xylem differentiation and sequential wood formation by facilitating plant secondary growth. The gradual retardation of xylem development phenotypes during shoot vegetative growth in the BR-deficient MT tomato mutant recovered completely in response to exogenous BR treatment or genetic complementation of the BR biosynthetic DWARF (D) gene. By contrast, overexpression of the tomato Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (SlGSK3) or CRISPR-Cas9 (CR)-mediated knockout of the tomato Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (SlBRI1) impaired BR signaling and resulted in severely defective xylem differentiation and secondary growth. Genetic modulation of the transcriptional activity of the tomato Brassinazole-resistant 1/2 (SlBZR1/SlBZR2) confirmed the positive roles of BR signaling pathways for xylem differentiation and secondary growth. Our data indicate that BR signaling pathways directly promote xylem differentiation and wood formation by canonical BR-activated SlBZR1/SlBZR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahee Han
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science RDA, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Jeong
- Department of Information and Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Heo
- Department of Information and Statistics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Il Je
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50467, Republic of Korea
| | - Horim Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ju Park
- Division of Biological Sciences, Research Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Alaguero-Cordovilla A, Gran-Gómez FJ, Tormos-Moltó S, Pérez-Pérez JM. Morphological Characterization of Root System Architecture in Diverse Tomato Genotypes during Early Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3888. [PMID: 30563085 PMCID: PMC6321557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots exploit morphological plasticity to adapt and respond to different soil environments. We characterized the root system architecture of nine wild tomato species and four cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties during early growth in a controlled environment. Additionally, the root system architecture of six near-isogenic lines from the tomato 'Micro-Tom' mutant collection was also studied. These lines were affected in key genes of ethylene, abscisic acid, and anthocyanin pathways. We found extensive differences between the studied lines for a number of meaningful morphological traits, such as lateral root distribution, lateral root length or adventitious root development, which might represent adaptations to local soil conditions during speciation and subsequent domestication. Taken together, our results provide a general quantitative framework for comparing root system architecture in tomato seedlings and other related species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergio Tormos-Moltó
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
- OQOTECH Process Validation System, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
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Shinozaki Y, Ezura K, Hu J, Okabe Y, Bénard C, Prodhomme D, Gibon Y, Sun TP, Ezura H, Ariizumi T. Identification and functional study of a mild allele of SlDELLA gene conferring the potential for improved yield in tomato. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12043. [PMID: 30104574 PMCID: PMC6089951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy, or pollination-independent fruit set, is an attractive trait for fruit production and can be induced by increased responses to the phytohormone gibberellin (GA), which regulates diverse aspects of plant development. GA signaling in plants is negatively regulated by DELLA proteins. A loss-of-function mutant of tomato DELLA (SlDELLA), procera (pro) thus exhibits enhanced GA-response phenotypes including parthenocarpy, although the pro mutation also confers some disadvantages for practical breeding. This study identified a new milder hypomorphic allele of SlDELLA, procera-2 (pro-2), which showed weaker GA-response phenotypes than pro. The pro-2 mutant contains a single nucleotide substitution, corresponding to a single amino acid substitution in the SAW subdomain of the SlDELLA. Accumulation of the mutated SlDELLA transcripts in wild-type (WT) resulted in parthenocarpy, while introduction of intact SlDELLA into pro-2 rescued mutant phenotypes. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that SlDELLA interacted with three tomato homologues of GID1 GA receptors with increasing affinity upon GA treatment, while their interactions were reduced by the pro and pro-2 mutations. Both pro and pro-2 mutants produced higher fruit yields under high temperature conditions, which were resulted from higher fruit set efficiency, demonstrating the potential for genetic parthenocarpy to improve yield under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Jianhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Camille Bénard
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ, Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33883, France
| | - Duyen Prodhomme
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ, Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33883, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Univ, Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33883, France
| | - Tai-Ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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da-Silva CJ, Mollica DC, Vicente MH, Peres LE, Modolo LV. NO, hydrogen sulfide does not come first during tomato response to high salinity. Nitric Oxide 2018; 76:164-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee J, Shim D, Moon S, Kim H, Bae W, Kim K, Kim YH, Rhee SK, Hong CP, Hong SY, Lee YJ, Sung J, Ryu H. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of BR-deficient Micro-Tom reveals correlations between drought stress tolerance and brassinosteroid signaling in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:553-560. [PMID: 29723826 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that play crucial roles in a range of growth and developmental processes. Although BR signal transduction and biosynthetic pathways have been well characterized in model plants, their biological roles in an important crop, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), remain unknown. Here, cultivated tomato (WT) and a BR synthesis mutant, Micro-Tom (MT), were compared using physiological and transcriptomic approaches. The cultivated tomato showed higher tolerance to drought and osmotic stresses than the MT tomato. However, BR-defective phenotypes of MT, including plant growth and stomatal closure defects, were completely recovered by application of exogenous BR or complementation with a SlDWARF gene. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis, 619 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between WT and MT plants. Several DEGs were linked to known signaling networks, including those related to biotic/abiotic stress responses, lignification, cell wall development, and hormone responses. Consistent with the higher susceptibility of MT to drought stress, several gene sets involved in responses to drought and osmotic stress were differentially regulated between the WT and MT tomato plants. Our data suggest that BR signaling pathways are involved in mediating the response to abiotic stress via fine-tuning of abiotic stress-related gene networks in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Forest Genetic Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suyun Moon
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonsil Bae
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Keun Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Pyo Hong
- TheragenEtex Bio Institute, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk-Young Hong
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 27715, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ye-Jin Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 27715, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 27715, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
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