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Ren F, Huang J, Yang Y. Unveiling the impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on vascular plants: A cellular metabolomic and transcriptomic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116490. [PMID: 38795417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
With increasing plastic manufacture and consumption, microplastics/nanoplastics (MP/NP) pollution has become one of the world's pressing global environmental issues, which poses significant threats to ecosystems and human health. In recent years, sharp increasing researches have confirmed that MP/NP had direct or indirect effects on vegetative growth and sexual process of vascular plant. But the potential mechanisms remain ambiguous. MP/NP particles can be adsorbed and/or absorbed by plant roots or leaves and thus cause diverse effects on plant. This holistic review aims to discuss the direct effects of MP/NP on vascular plant, with special emphasis on the changes of metabolic and molecular levels. MP/NP can alter substance and energy metabolism, as well as shifts in gene expression patterns. Key aspects affected by MP/NP stress include carbon and nitrogen metabolism, amino acids biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, expression of stress related genes, carbon and nitrogen metabolism related genes, as well as those involved in pathogen defense. Additionally, the review provides updated insights into the growth and physiological responses of plants exposed to MP/NP, encompassing phenomena such as seed/spore germination, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. By examining the direct impact of MP/NP from both physiological and molecular perspectives, this review sets the stage for future investigations into the complex interactions between plants and plastic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugang Ren
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Vocal Performance, Sichuan Conservatory of Music, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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2
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Nina Junior ADR, Maia JMF, Martins SVC, Dos Santos Nina NV, da Costa KCP, de Carvalho JC, Schramm Mielke M, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL, de Carvalho Gonçalves JF. Differential photosynthetic plasticity of Amazonian tree species in response to light environments. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:647-661. [PMID: 38488200 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
To investigate how and to what extent there are differences in the photosynthetic plasticity of trees in response to different light environments, six species from three successional groups (late successional, mid-successional, and pioneers) were exposed to three different light environments [deep shade - DS (5% full sunlight - FS), moderate shade - MS (35% FS) and full sunlight - FS]. Maximum net photosynthesis (Amax), leaf N partitioning, stomatal, mesophile, and biochemical limitations (SL, ML, and BL, respectively), carboxylation velocity (Vcmax), and electron transport (Jmax) rates, and the state of photosynthetic induction (IS) were evaluated. Higher values of Amax, Vcmax, and Jmax in FS were observed for pioneer species, which invested the largest amount of leaf N in Rubisco. The lower IS for pioneer species reveals its reduced ability to take advantage of sunflecks. In general, the main photosynthetic limitations are diffusive, with SL and ML having equal importance under FS, and ML decreasing along with irradiance. The leaf traits, which are more determinant of the photosynthetic process, respond independently in relation to the successional group, especially with low light availability. An effective partitioning of leaf N between photosynthetic and structural components played a crucial role in the acclimation process and determined the increase or decrease of photosynthesis in response to the light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D R Nina Junior
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Forest Production, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM) - Campus Humaitá, Humaita, Amazonas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions (INCT-CNPq-Brazil), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J M F Maia
- University of State of Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - S V C Martins
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions (INCT-CNPq-Brazil), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - N V Dos Santos Nina
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Forest Production, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM) - Campus Humaitá, Humaita, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - K C P da Costa
- Faculty of Agronomy, Institute of Studies in Agrarian and Regional Development - IEDAR, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará (UNIFESSPA), Maraba, Pará, Brazil
| | - J C de Carvalho
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions (INCT-CNPq-Brazil), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - M Schramm Mielke
- Department of Biological Sciences/DCB, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions (INCT-CNPq-Brazil), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - W L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions (INCT-CNPq-Brazil), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J F de Carvalho Gonçalves
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions (INCT-CNPq-Brazil), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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3
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Helena-Bueno K, Chan LI, Melnikov SV. Rippling life on a dormant planet: hibernation of ribosomes, RNA polymerases, and other essential enzymes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1386179. [PMID: 38770025 PMCID: PMC11102965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout the tree of life, cells and organisms enter states of dormancy or hibernation as a key feature of their biology: from a bacterium arresting its growth in response to starvation, to a plant seed anticipating placement in fertile ground, to a human oocyte poised for fertilization to create a new life. Recent research shows that when cells hibernate, many of their essential enzymes hibernate too: they disengage from their substrates and associate with a specialized group of proteins known as hibernation factors. Here, we summarize how hibernation factors protect essential cellular enzymes from undesired activity or irreparable damage in hibernating cells. We show how molecular hibernation, once viewed as rare and exclusive to certain molecules like ribosomes, is in fact a widespread property of biological molecules that is required for the sustained persistence of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergey V. Melnikov
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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4
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Faisal M, Sarnaik AP, Kannoju N, Hajinajaf N, Asad MJ, Davis RW, Varman AM. RuBisCO activity assays: a simplified biochemical redox approach for in vitro quantification and an RNA sensor approach for in vivo monitoring. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:83. [PMID: 38486280 PMCID: PMC10938803 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the most abundant soluble protein in nature. Extensive studies have been conducted for improving its activity in photosynthesis through approaches like protein engineering. Concurrently, multiple biochemical and radiolabeling assays have been developed for determining its activity. Although these existing assays yield reliable results, they require addition of multiple external components, rendering them less convenient and expensive. Therefore, in this study, we have developed two relatively cheaper, convenient, and easily reproducible assays for quantitative and qualitative estimation of RuBisCO activity. RESULTS We simplified a contemporary NADH based spectrophotometric RuBisCO assay by using cyanobacterial cell lysate as the source for Calvin cycle enzymes. We analyzed the influence of inorganic carbon substrates, CO2 and NaHCO3, and varying protein concentrations on RuBisCO activity. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) consumption rates for the cultures grown under 5% CO2 were 5-7 times higher than the ones grown with 20 mM NaHCO3, at different protein concentrations. The difference could be due to the impaired activity of carbonic anhydrase in the cell lysate, which is required for the conversion of HCO3- to CO2. The highest RuBisCO activity of 2.13 nmol of NAD+/ µg of Chl-a/ min was observed with 50 µg of protein and 5% CO2. Additionally, we developed a novel RNA-sensor based fluorescence assay that is based on the principle of tracking the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis to ADP during the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) in the Calvin cycle. Under in vitro conditions, the fluorometric assay exhibited ~ 3.4-fold slower reaction rate (0.37 min-1) than the biochemical assay when using 5% CO2. We also confirmed the in vivo application of this assay, where increase in the fluorescence was observed with the recombinant strain of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (SSL142) expressing the ADP-specific RNA sensor, compared to the WT. In addition, SSL142 exhibited three-fold higher fluorescence when supplemented with 20 mM NaHCO3 as compared to the cells that were grown without NaHCO3 supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we have developed a simplified biochemical assay for monitoring RuBisCO activity and demonstrated that it can provide reliable results as compared to the prior literature. Furthermore, the biochemical assay using 5% CO2 (100% relative activity) provided faster RuBP consumption rate compared to the biochemical assay utilizing 20 mM NaHCO3 (30.70% relative activity) and the in vitro fluorometric assay using 5% CO2 (29.64% relative activity). Therefore, the absorbance-based biochemical assay using 5% CO2 or higher would be suitable for in vitro quantification of the RuBisCO activity. On the other hand, the RNA-sensor based in vivo fluorometric assay can be applied for qualitative analysis and be used for high-throughput screening of RuBisCO variants. As RuBisCO is an enzyme shared amongst all the photoautotrophs, the assays developed in this study can easily be extended for analyzing the RuBisCO activities even in microalgae and higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Aditya P Sarnaik
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nandini Kannoju
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nima Hajinajaf
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Muhammad Javaid Asad
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Arul M Varman
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy (SEMTE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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5
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Clapero V, Arrivault S, Stitt M. Natural variation in metabolism of the Calvin-Benson cycle. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:23-36. [PMID: 36959059 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) evolved over 2 billion years ago but has been subject to massive selection due to falling atmospheric carbon dioxide, rising atmospheric oxygen and changing nutrient and water availability. In addition, large groups of organisms have evolved carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) that operate upstream of the CBC. Most previous studies of CBC diversity focused on Rubisco kinetics and regulation. Quantitative metabolite profiling provides a top-down strategy to uncover inter-species diversity in CBC operation. CBC profiles were recently published for twenty species including terrestrial C3 species, terrestrial C4 species that operate a biochemical CCM, and cyanobacteria and green algae that operate different types of biophysical CCM. Distinctive profiles were found for species with different modes of photosynthesis, revealing that evolution of the various CCMs was accompanied by co-evolution of the CBC. Diversity was also found between species that share the same mode of photosynthesis, reflecting lineage-dependent diversity of the CBC. Connectivity analysis uncovers constraints due to pathway and thermodynamic topology, and reveals that cross-species diversity in the CBC is driven by changes in the balance between regulated enzymes and in the balance between the CBC and the light reactions or end-product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Clapero
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Golm, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Golm, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Golm, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Bouard W, Ouellet F, Houde M. Modulation of the wheat transcriptome by TaZFP13D under well-watered and drought conditions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:16. [PMID: 38332456 PMCID: PMC10853348 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining global food security in the context of climate changes will be an important challenge in the next century. Improving abiotic stress tolerance of major crops such as wheat can contribute to this goal. This can be achieved by the identification of the genes involved and their use to develop tools for breeding programs aiming to generate better adapted cultivars. Recently, we identified the wheat TaZFP13D gene encoding Zinc Finger Protein 13D as a new gene improving water-stress tolerance. The current work analyzes the TaZFP13D-dependent transcriptome modifications that occur in well-watered and dehydration conditions to better understand its function during normal growth and during drought. Plants that overexpress TaZFP13D have a higher biomass under well-watered conditions, indicating a positive effect of the protein on growth. Survival rate and stress recovery after a severe drought stress are improved compared to wild-type plants. The latter is likely due the higher activity of key antioxidant enzymes and concomitant reduction of drought-induced oxidative damage. Conversely, down-regulation of TaZFP13D decreases drought tolerance and protection against drought-induced oxidative damage. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis identified many genes regulated by TaZFP13D that are known to improve drought tolerance. The analysis also revealed several genes involved in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain known to improve photosynthetic efficiency and chloroplast protection against drought-induced ROS damage. This study highlights the important role of TaZFP13D in wheat drought tolerance, contributes to unravel the complex regulation governed by TaZFPs, and suggests that it could be a promising marker to select wheat cultivars with higher drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bouard
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - François Ouellet
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mario Houde
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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7
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Baumschabl M, Mitic BM, Troyer C, Hann S, Ata Ö, Mattanovich D. A native phosphoglycolate salvage pathway of the synthetic autotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii. MICROLIFE 2023; 5:uqad046. [PMID: 38234447 PMCID: PMC10791038 DOI: 10.1093/femsml/uqad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic autotrophs can serve as chassis strains for bioproduction from CO2 as a feedstock to take measures against the climate crisis. Integration of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle into the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) enabled it to use CO2 as the sole carbon source. The key enzyme in this cycle is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzing the carboxylation step. However, this enzyme is error prone to perform an oxygenation reaction leading to the production of toxic 2-phosphoglycolate. Native autotrophs have evolved different recycling pathways for 2-phosphoglycolate. However, for synthetic autotrophs, no information is available for the existence of such pathways. Deletion of CYB2 in the autotrophic K. phaffii strain led to the accumulation of glycolate, an intermediate in phosphoglycolate salvage pathways, suggesting that such a pathway is enabled by native K. phaffii enzymes. 13C tracer analysis with labeled glycolate indicated that the yeast pathway recycling phosphoglycolate is similar to the plant salvage pathway. This orthogonal yeast pathway may serve as a sensor for RuBisCO oxygenation, and as an engineering target to boost autotrophic growth rates in K. phaffii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baumschabl
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna 1190, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Bernd M Mitic
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Christina Troyer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Stephan Hann
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna 1190, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Özge Ata
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna 1190, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Diethard Mattanovich
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Vienna 1190, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
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Romero-Reyes A, Hernandez-Leon SG, Leyva-Carrillo L, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Reynolds MP, Paul MJ, Heuer S, Valenzuela-Soto EM. An efficient triose phosphate synthesis and distribution in wheat provides tolerance to higher field temperatures. Biochem J 2023; 480:1365-1377. [PMID: 37589484 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures in the field hinder bread wheat high-yield production, mainly because of the adverse effects of heat over photosynthesis. The Yaqui Valley, the main wheat producer region in Mexico, is a zone prone to have temperatures over 30°C. The aim of this work was to test the flag leaf photosynthetic performance in 10 bread wheat genotypes grown under high temperatures in the field. The study took place during two seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021). In each season, control seeds were sown in December, while heat-stressed were sown in late January to subject wheat to heat stress (HS) during the grain-filling stage. HS reduced Grain yield from 20 to 58% in the first season. HS did not reduce chlorophyll content and light-dependent reactions were unaffected in any of the tested genotypes. Rubisco, chloroplast fructose 1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase), and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Rubisco activity did not decrease under HS in any of the genotypes. FBPase activity was reduced by HS indicating that triose phosphate flux to starch synthesis was reduced, while SPS was not affected, and thus, sucrose synthesis was maintained. HS reduced aerial biomass in the 10 chosen genotypes. Genotypes SOKWB.1, SOKWB.3, and BORLAUG100 maintained their yield under HS, pointing to a potential success in their introduction in this region for breeding heat-tolerant bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Romero-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Sergio G Hernandez-Leon
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Lilia Leyva-Carrillo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
| | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz, Km. 45, El Batán, 56237 Texcoco, México
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, U.K
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- Pre-Breeding Department, National Institute of Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Cambridge, U.K
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., G.E. Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, México
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9
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Li R, He Y, Chen J, Zheng S, Zhuang C. Research Progress in Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119286. [PMID: 37298238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is the largest mass- and energy-conversion process on Earth, and it is the material basis for almost all biological activities. The efficiency of converting absorbed light energy into energy substances during photosynthesis is very low compared to theoretical values. Based on the importance of photosynthesis, this article summarizes the latest progress in improving photosynthesis efficiency from various perspectives. The main way to improve photosynthetic efficiency is to optimize the light reactions, including increasing light absorption and conversion, accelerating the recovery of non-photochemical quenching, modifying enzymes in the Calvin cycle, introducing carbon concentration mechanisms into C3 plants, rebuilding the photorespiration pathway, de novo synthesis, and changing stomatal conductance. These developments indicate that there is significant room for improvement in photosynthesis, providing support for improving crop yields and mitigating changes in climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaoyan Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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10
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Leister D, Sharma A, Kerber N, Nägele T, Reiter B, Pasch V, Beeh S, Jahns P, Barbato R, Pribil M, Rühle T. An ancient metabolite damage-repair system sustains photosynthesis in plants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3023. [PMID: 37230969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is the major catalyst in the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds in photosynthetic organisms. However, its activity is impaired by binding of inhibitory sugars such as xylulose-1,5-bisphosphate (XuBP), which must be detached from the active sites by Rubisco activase. Here, we show that loss of two phosphatases in Arabidopsis thaliana has detrimental effects on plant growth and photosynthesis and that this effect could be reversed by introducing the XuBP phosphatase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochemical analyses revealed that the plant enzymes specifically dephosphorylate XuBP, thus allowing xylulose-5-phosphate to enter the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. Our findings demonstrate the physiological importance of an ancient metabolite damage-repair system in degradation of by-products of Rubisco, and will impact efforts to optimize carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalia Kerber
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bennet Reiter
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Viviana Pasch
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Simon Beeh
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Plant Physiology, Centre of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roberto Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thilo Rühle
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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11
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Jin K, Chen G, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Lu T. Strategies for manipulating Rubisco and creating photorespiratory bypass to boost C 3 photosynthesis: Prospects on modern crop improvement. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:363-378. [PMID: 36444099 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a process that uses solar energy to fix CO2 in the air and converts it into sugar, and ultimately powers almost all life activities on the earth. C3 photosynthesis is the most common form of photosynthesis in crops. Current efforts of increasing crop yields in response to growing global food requirement are mostly focused on improving C3 photosynthesis. In this review, we summarized the strategies of C3 photosynthesis improvement in terms of Rubisco properties and photorespiratory limitation. Potential engineered targets include Rubisco subunits and their catalytic sites, Rubisco assembly chaperones, and Rubisco activase. In addition, we reviewed multiple photorespiratory bypasses built by strategies of synthetic biology to reduce the release of CO2 and ammonia and minimize energy consumption by photorespiration. The potential strategies are suggested to enhance C3 photosynthesis and boost crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaining Jin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guoxin Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yirong Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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12
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Bierbaumer S, Nattermann M, Schulz L, Zschoche R, Erb TJ, Winkler CK, Tinzl M, Glueck SM. Enzymatic Conversion of CO 2: From Natural to Artificial Utilization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:5702-5754. [PMID: 36692850 PMCID: PMC10176493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic carbon dioxide fixation is one of the most important metabolic reactions as it allows the capture of inorganic carbon from the atmosphere and its conversion into organic biomass. However, due to the often unfavorable thermodynamics and the difficulties associated with the utilization of CO2, a gaseous substrate that is found in comparatively low concentrations in the atmosphere, such reactions remain challenging for biotechnological applications. Nature has tackled these problems by evolution of dedicated CO2-fixing enzymes, i.e., carboxylases, and embedding them in complex metabolic pathways. Biotechnology employs such carboxylating and decarboxylating enzymes for the carboxylation of aromatic and aliphatic substrates either by embedding them into more complex reaction cascades or by shifting the reaction equilibrium via reaction engineering. This review aims to provide an overview of natural CO2-fixing enzymes and their mechanistic similarities. We also discuss biocatalytic applications of carboxylases and decarboxylases for the synthesis of valuable products and provide a separate summary of strategies to improve the efficiency of such processes. We briefly summarize natural CO2 fixation pathways, provide a roadmap for the design and implementation of artificial carbon fixation pathways, and highlight examples of biocatalytic cascades involving carboxylases. Additionally, we suggest that biochemical utilization of reduced CO2 derivates, such as formate or methanol, represents a suitable alternative to direct use of CO2 and provide several examples. Our discussion closes with a techno-economic perspective on enzymatic CO2 fixation and its potential to reduce CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bierbaumer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maren Nattermann
- Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Luca Schulz
- Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias J Erb
- Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph K Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias Tinzl
- Department of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch Straße 10, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia M Glueck
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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13
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Qu Y, Mueller-Cajar O, Yamori W. Improving plant heat tolerance through modification of Rubisco activase in C3 plants to secure crop yield and food security in a future warming world. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:591-599. [PMID: 35981868 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The world's population may reach 10 billion by 2050, but 10% still suffer from food shortages. At the same time, global warming threatens food security by decreasing crop yields, so it is necessary to develop crops with enhanced resistance to high temperatures in order to secure the food supply. In this review, the role of Rubisco activase as an important factor in plant heat tolerance is summarized, based on the conclusions of recent findings. Rubisco activase is a molecular chaperone determining the activation of Rubisco, whose heat sensitivity causes reductions of photosynthesis at high temperatures. Thus, the thermostability of Rubisco activase is considered to be critical for improving plant heat tolerance. It has been shown that the introduction of thermostable Rubisco activase through gene editing into Arabidopsis thaliana and from heat-adapted wild Oryza species or C4Zea mays into Oryza sativa improves Rubisco activation, photosynthesis, and plant growth at high temperatures. We propose that developing a universal thermostable Rubisco activase could be a promising direction for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Orr DJ, Robijns AKJ, Baker CR, Niyogi KK, Carmo-Silva E. Dynamics of Rubisco regulation by sugar phosphate derivatives and their phosphatases. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:581-590. [PMID: 36173669 PMCID: PMC9833046 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the central CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco is as complex as its ancient reaction mechanism and involves interaction with a series of cofactors and auxiliary proteins that activate catalytic sites and maintain activity. A key component among the regulatory mechanisms is the binding of sugar phosphate derivatives that inhibit activity. Removal of inhibitors via the action of Rubisco activase is required to restore catalytic competency. In addition, specific phosphatases dephosphorylate newly released inhibitors, rendering them incapable of binding to Rubisco catalytic sites. The best studied inhibitor is 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P), a naturally occurring nocturnal inhibitor that accumulates in most species during darkness and low light, progressively binding to Rubisco. As light increases, Rubisco activase removes CA1P from Rubisco, and the specific phosphatase CA1Pase dephosphorylates CA1P to CA, which cannot bind Rubisco. Misfire products of Rubisco's complex reaction chemistry can also act as inhibitors. One example is xylulose-1,5-bisphosphate (XuBP), which is dephosphorylated by XuBPase. Here we revisit key findings related to sugar phosphate derivatives and their specific phosphatases, highlighting outstanding questions and how further consideration of these inhibitors and their role is important for better understanding the regulation of carbon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice K J Robijns
- Present address: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Christopher R Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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15
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Ang WSL, How JA, How JB, Mueller-Cajar O. The stickers and spacers of Rubiscondensation: assembling the centrepiece of biophysical CO2-concentrating mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:612-626. [PMID: 35903998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic autotrophs that fix carbon using ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) frequently expend metabolic energy to pump inorganic carbon towards the enzyme's active site. A central requirement of this strategy is the formation of highly concentrated Rubisco condensates (or Rubiscondensates) known as carboxysomes and pyrenoids, which have convergently evolved multiple times in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, respectively. Recent data indicate that these condensates form by the mechanism of liquid-liquid phase separation. This mechanism requires networks of weak multivalent interactions typically mediated by intrinsically disordered scaffold proteins. Here we comparatively review recent rapid developments that detail the determinants and precise interactions that underlie diverse Rubisco condensates. The burgeoning field of biomolecular condensates has few examples where liquid-liquid phase separation can be linked to clear phenotypic outcomes. When present, Rubisco condensates are essential for photosynthesis and growth, and they are thus emerging as powerful and tractable models to investigate the structure-function relationship of phase separation in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Shou Leong Ang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Jian Ann How
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Jian Boon How
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Oliver Mueller-Cajar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
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16
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Rosado-Souza L, Yokoyama R, Sonnewald U, Fernie AR. Understanding source-sink interactions: Progress in model plants and translational research to crops. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:96-121. [PMID: 36447435 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is facing a massive increase in demand per hectare as a result of an ever-expanding population and environmental deterioration. While we have learned much about how environmental conditions and diseases impact crop yield, until recently considerably less was known concerning endogenous factors, including within-plant nutrient allocation. In this review, we discuss studies of source-sink interactions covering both fundamental research in model systems under controlled growth conditions and how the findings are being translated to crop plants in the field. In this respect we detail efforts aimed at improving and/or combining C3, C4, and CAM modes of photosynthesis, altering the chloroplastic electron transport chain, modulating photorespiration, adopting bacterial/algal carbon-concentrating mechanisms, and enhancing nitrogen- and water-use efficiencies. Moreover, we discuss how modulating TCA cycle activities and primary metabolism can result in increased rates of photosynthesis and outline the opportunities that evaluating natural variation in photosynthesis may afford. Although source, transport, and sink functions are all covered in this review, we focus on discussing source functions because the majority of research has been conducted in this field. Nevertheless, considerable recent evidence, alongside the evidence from classical studies, demonstrates that both transport and sink functions are also incredibly important determinants of yield. We thus describe recent evidence supporting this notion and suggest that future strategies for yield improvement should focus on combining improvements in each of these steps to approach yield optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise Rosado-Souza
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Ryo Yokoyama
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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17
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Harvey CM, Cavanagh AP, Kim SY, Wright DA, Edquilang RG, Shreeves KS, Perdomo JA, Spalding MH, Ort DR, Bernacchi CJ, Huber SC. Removal of redox-sensitive Rubisco Activase does not alter Rubisco regulation in soybean. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:169-182. [PMID: 36163583 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco activase (Rca) facilitates the catalytic repair of Rubisco, the CO2-fixing enzyme of photosynthesis, following periods of darkness, low to high light transitions or stress. Removal of the redox-regulated isoform of Rubisco activase, Rca-α, enhances photosynthetic induction in Arabidopsis and has been suggested as a strategy for the improvement of crops, which may experience frequent light transitions in the field; however, this has never been tested in a crop species. Therefore, we used RNAi to reduce the Rca-α content of soybean (Glycine max cv. Williams 82) below detectable levels and then characterized the growth, photosynthesis, and Rubisco activity of the resulting transgenics, in both growth chamber and field conditions. Under a 16 h sine wave photoperiod, the reduction of Rca-α contents had no impact on morphological characteristics, leaf expansion rate, or total biomass. Photosynthetic induction rates were unaltered in both chamber-grown and field-grown plants. Plants with reduced Rca-α content maintained the ability to regulate Rubisco activity in low light just as in control plants. This result suggests that in soybean, Rca-α is not as centrally involved in the regulation of Rca oligomer activity as it is in Arabidopsis. The isoform stoichiometry supports this conclusion, as Rca-α comprises only ~ 10% of the Rubisco activase content of soybean, compared to ~ 50% in Arabidopsis. This is likely to hold true in other species that contain a low ratio of Rca-α to Rca-ß isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harvey
- Agricultural Research Service, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Amanda P Cavanagh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | | | - David A Wright
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ron G Edquilang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kayla S Shreeves
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Juan Alejandro Perdomo
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Martin H Spalding
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Carl J Bernacchi
- Agricultural Research Service, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Steven C Huber
- Agricultural Research Service, Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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18
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Wei S, Li X, Lu Z, Zhang H, Ye X, Zhou Y, Li J, Yan Y, Pei H, Duan F, Wang D, Chen S, Wang P, Zhang C, Shang L, Zhou Y, Yan P, Zhao M, Huang J, Bock R, Qian Q, Zhou W. A transcriptional regulator that boosts grain yields and shortens the growth duration of rice. Science 2022; 377:eabi8455. [PMID: 35862527 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Complex biological processes such as plant growth and development are often under the control of transcription factors that regulate the expression of large sets of genes and activate subordinate transcription factors in a cascade-like fashion. Here, by screening candidate photosynthesis-related transcription factors in rice, we identified a DREB (Dehydration Responsive Element Binding) family member, OsDREB1C, in which expression is induced by both light and low nitrogen status. We show that OsDREB1C drives functionally diverse transcriptional programs determining photosynthetic capacity, nitrogen utilization, and flowering time. Field trials with OsDREB1C-overexpressing rice revealed yield increases of 41.3 to 68.3% and, in addition, shortened growth duration, improved nitrogen use efficiency, and promoted efficient resource allocation, thus providing a strategy toward achieving much-needed increases in agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Wei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zefu Lu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiangyuan Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanyan Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongcui Pei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengying Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Danying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Peng Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Lingnan Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Lingnan Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Qian Qian
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.,State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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19
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Santos Correa S, Schultz J, Lauersen KJ, Soares Rosado A. Natural carbon fixation and advances in synthetic engineering for redesigning and creating new fixation pathways. J Adv Res 2022; 47:75-92. [PMID: 35918056 PMCID: PMC10173188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autotrophic carbon fixation is the primary route through which organic carbon enters the biosphere, and it is a key step in the biogeochemical carbon cycle. The Calvin-Benson-Bassham pathway, which is predominantly found in plants, algae, and some bacteria (mainly cyanobacteria), was previously considered to be the sole carbon-fixation pathway. However, the discovery of a new carbon-fixation pathway in sulfurous green bacteria almost two decades ago encouraged further research on previously overlooked ancient carbon-fixation pathways in taxonomically and phylogenetically distinct microorganisms. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize the six known natural carbon-fixation pathways and outline the newly proposed additions to this list. We also discuss the recent achievements in synthetic carbon fixation and the importance of the metabolism of thermophilic microorganisms in this field. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Currently, at least six carbon-fixation routes have been confirmed in Bacteria and Archaea. Other possible candidate routes have also been suggested on the basis of emerging "omics" data analyses, expanding our knowledge and stimulating discussions on the importance of these pathways in the way organisms acquire carbon. Notably, the currently known natural fixation routes cannot balance the excessive anthropogenic carbon emissions in a highly unbalanced global carbon cycle. Therefore, significant efforts have also been made to improve the existing carbon-fixation pathways and/or design new efficient in vitro and in vivo synthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulamita Santos Correa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Junia Schultz
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kyle J Lauersen
- Bioengineering Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandre Soares Rosado
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Yokoyama R, de Oliveira MVV, Takeda-Kimura Y, Ishihara H, Alseekh S, Arrivault S, Kukshal V, Jez JM, Stitt M, Fernie AR, Maeda HA. Point mutations that boost aromatic amino acid production and CO 2 assimilation in plants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo3416. [PMID: 35675400 PMCID: PMC9176744 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds having unusual stability provide high-value chemicals and considerable promise for carbon storage. Terrestrial plants can convert atmospheric CO2 into diverse and abundant aromatic compounds. However, it is unclear how plants control the shikimate pathway that connects the photosynthetic carbon fixation with the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, the major precursors of plant aromatic natural products. This study identified suppressor of tyra2 (sota) mutations that deregulate the first step in the plant shikimate pathway by alleviating multiple effector-mediated feedback regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sota mutant plants showed hyperaccumulation of aromatic amino acids accompanied by up to a 30% increase in net CO2 assimilation. The identified mutations can be used to enhance plant-based, sustainable conversion of atmospheric CO2 to high-energy and high-value aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yokoyama
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Vandna Kukshal
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M. Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hiroshi A. Maeda
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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21
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Sakoda K, Adachi S, Yamori W, Tanaka Y. Towards improved dynamic photosynthesis in C3 crops by utilizing natural genetic variation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3109-3121. [PMID: 35298629 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Under field environments, fluctuating light conditions induce dynamic photosynthesis, which affects carbon gain by crop plants. Elucidating the natural genetic variations among untapped germplasm resources and their underlying mechanisms can provide an effective strategy to improve dynamic photosynthesis and, ultimately, improve crop yields through molecular breeding approaches. In this review, we first overview two processes affecting dynamic photosynthesis, namely (i) biochemical processes associated with CO2 fixation and photoprotection and (ii) gas diffusion processes from the atmosphere to the chloroplast stroma. Next, we review the intra- and interspecific variations in dynamic photosynthesis in relation to each of these two processes. It is suggested that plant adaptations to different hydrological environments underlie natural genetic variation explained by gas diffusion through stomata. This emphasizes the importance of the coordination of photosynthetic and stomatal dynamics to optimize the balance between carbon gain and water use efficiency under field environments. Finally, we discuss future challenges in improving dynamic photosynthesis by utilizing natural genetic variation. The forward genetic approach supported by high-throughput phenotyping should be introduced to evaluate the effects of genetic and environmental factors and their interactions on the natural variation in dynamic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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22
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Long SP, Taylor SH, Burgess SJ, Carmo-Silva E, Lawson T, De Souza AP, Leonelli L, Wang Y. Into the Shadows and Back into Sunlight: Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:617-648. [PMID: 35595290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important remaining opportunity for further improvement in the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Measurement, analysis, and improvement of leaf CO2 assimilation (A) have focused largely on photosynthetic rates under light-saturated steady-state conditions. However, in modern crop canopies of several leaf layers, light is rarely constant, and the majority of leaves experience marked light fluctuations throughout the day. It takes several minutes for photosynthesis to regain efficiency in both sun-shade and shade-sun transitions, costing a calculated 10-40% of potential crop CO2 assimilation. Transgenic manipulations to accelerate the adjustment in sun-shade transitions have already shown a substantial productivity increase in field trials. Here, we explore means to further accelerate these adjustments and minimize these losses through transgenic manipulation, gene editing, and exploitation of natural variation. Measurement andanalysis of photosynthesis in sun-shade and shade-sun transitions are explained. Factors limiting speeds of adjustment and how they could be modified to effect improved efficiency are reviewed, specifically nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), Rubisco activation, and stomatal responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Burgess
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Lauriebeth Leonelli
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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23
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Suganami M, Konno S, Maruhashi R, Takagi D, Tazoe Y, Wada S, Yamamoto H, Shikanai T, Ishida H, Suzuki Y, Makino A. Expression of flavodiiron protein rescues defects in electron transport around PSI resulting from overproduction of Rubisco activase in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2589-2600. [PMID: 35134146 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fragility of photosystem I has been observed in transgenic rice plants that overproduce Rubisco activase (RCA). In this study, we examined the effects of RCA overproduction on the sensitivity of PSI to photoinhibition in three lines of plants overexpressing RCA (RCA-ox). In all the RCA-ox plants the quantum yield of PSI [Y(I)] decreased whilst in contrast the quantum yield of acceptor-side limitation of PSI [Y(NA)] increased, especially under low light conditions. In the transgenic line with the highest RCA content (RCA-ox 1), the quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] and CO2 assimilation also decreased under low light. When leaves were exposed to high light (2000 μmol photon m-2 s-1) for 60 min, the maximal activity of PSI (Pm) drastically decreased in RCA-ox 1. These results suggested that overproduction of RCA disturbs PSI electron transport control, thus increasing the susceptibility of PSI to photoinhibition. When flavodiiron protein (FLV), which functions as a large electron sink downstream of PSI, was expressed in the RCA-ox 1 background (RCA-FLV), PSI and PSII parameters, and CO2 assimilation were recovered to wild-type levels. Thus, expression of FLV restored the robustness of PSI in RCA-ox plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suganami
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - So Konno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ryo Maruhashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Youshi Tazoe
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shinya Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shikanai
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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24
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Caruana L, Orr DJ, Carmo-Silva E. Rubiscosome gene expression is balanced across the hexaploid wheat genome. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:1-11. [PMID: 35083631 PMCID: PMC9090852 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00897-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Functional and active Rubisco is essential for CO2 fixation and is a primary target for engineering approaches to increasing crop yields. However, the assembly and maintenance of active Rubisco are dependent on the coordinated biosynthesis of at least 11 nuclear-encoded proteins, termed the 'Rubiscosome'. Using publicly available gene expression data for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we show that the expression of Rubiscosome genes is balanced across the three closely related subgenomes that form the allohexaploid genome. Each subgenome contains a near complete set of homoeologous genes and contributes equally to overall expression, both under optimal and under heat stress conditions. The expression of the wheat thermo-tolerant Rubisco activase isoform 1β increases under heat stress and remains balanced across the subgenomes, albeit with a slight shift towards greater contribution from the D subgenome. The findings show that the gene copies in all three subgenomes need to be accounted for when designing strategies for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Caruana
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Douglas J Orr
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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25
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Chen T, Fang Y, Jiang Q, Dykes GF, Lin Y, Price GD, Long BM, Liu LN. Incorporation of Functional Rubisco Activases into Engineered Carboxysomes to Enhance Carbon Fixation. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:154-161. [PMID: 34664944 PMCID: PMC8787814 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The carboxysome is
a versatile paradigm of prokaryotic organelles
and is a proteinaceous self-assembling microcompartment that plays
essential roles in carbon fixation in all cyanobacteria and some chemoautotrophs.
The carboxysome encapsulates
the central CO2-fixing enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), using a polyhedral protein shell
that is selectively permeable to specific metabolites in favor of
Rubisco carboxylation. There is tremendous interest in repurposing
carboxysomes to boost carbon fixation in heterologous organisms. Here,
we develop the design and engineering of α-carboxysomes by coexpressing
the Rubisco activase components CbbQ and CbbO with α-carboxysomes
in Escherichia coli. Our results show
that CbbQ and CbbO could assemble into the reconstituted α-carboxysome
as intrinsic components. Incorporation of both CbbQ and CbbO within
the carboxysome promotes activation of Rubisco and enhances the CO2-fixation activities of recombinant carboxysomes. We also
show that the structural composition of these carboxysomes could be
modified in different expression systems, representing the plasticity
of the carboxysome architecture. In translational terms, our study
informs strategies for engineering and modulating carboxysomes in
diverse biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Chen
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Qiuyao Jiang
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Gregory F. Dykes
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - G. Dean Price
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Benedict M. Long
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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26
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Hartmann GF, Ricachenevsky FK, Silveira NM, Pita-Barbosa A. Phytotoxic effects of plastic pollution in crops: what is the size of the problem? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118420. [PMID: 34743967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the most impactful human interferences in our planet. Fragmentation of plastic leads to nano- and microplastics (NP/MP) formation, which accumulate in agricultural lands, representing an increasing risk for crop production and food safety. It has been shown that MP promote damage in plant tissues by several direct and indirect ways, and that NP can enter the tissues/cells and accumulate in edible organs. Investigation of the phytotoxic effects of NP/MP in plants started only in 2016, with most of the studies performed with crops. Since contradictory results are often observed, it is important to review the literature in order to identify robust effects and their possible mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the potential of NP/MP in damaging crop species, with focus on the physiological changes described in the literature. We also performed scientometrics analyses on research papers in this field during 2016-2021, to reveal the research situation of phytotoxic effects of plastic pollution in crops. Our review is as a starting point to help identify gaps and future directions in this important, emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Führ Hartmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Botânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia; Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Neidiquele Maria Silveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal 'Coaracy M. Franco', Centro R&D Em Ecofisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC), P.O. Box 28, Campinas, SP, 13012-97, Brazil
| | - Alice Pita-Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Botânica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Limnológicos, Costeiros e Marinhos, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Imbé, RS, 95625-000, Brazil; Departamento Interdisciplinar, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Tramandaí, RS, 95590-000, Brazil.
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27
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Graiff A, Karsten U. Antioxidative Properties of Baltic Sea Keystone Macroalgae (Fucus vesiculosus, Phaeophyceae) under Ocean Warming and Acidification in a Seasonally Varying Environment. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121330. [PMID: 34943245 PMCID: PMC8698884 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus is the dominant and the most ecologically crucial primary producer and habitat founder in the Baltic Sea. In the shallow coastal zone, F. vesiculosus is particularly exposed to strongly and rapidly changing environmental conditions due to global change. This study examines how single and joint effects of elevated seawater temperature and pCO2 levels influence F. vesiculosus in all four seasons, using benthic mesocosms. The antioxidative properties and the sensitivity of F. vesiculosus photosynthetic performance to oxidative stress under different global change scenarios were assessed. F. vesiculosus tolerated strong hydrogen peroxide stress in all seasons, as reflected in high antioxidative enzyme activities and a low degree of membrane lipid peroxidation. Forecasted warming affected the antioxidative properties of F. vesiculosus stronger than acidification, causing significantly increased lipid peroxidation under elevated temperatures in all seasons. However, pCO2 levels modulated the oxidative stress of F. vesiculosus under warming. Overall, summer heatwaves reaching lethal temperatures in shallow waters will most likely determine the persistence of Baltic F. vesiculosus. Abstract The keystone macroalga Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae), dominating shallow hard bottom zones, encounters a strongly and rapidly changing environment due to anthropogenic change over the last decades in the Baltic Sea. Thus, in four successive benthic mesocosm experiments, the single and joint effects of increased temperature (Δ + 5 °C) and pCO2 (1100 ppm) under ambient irradiances were experimentally tested on the antioxidative properties of western Baltic F. vesiculosus in all seasons. The antioxidative properties (superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation) as well as the sensitivity of F. vesiculosus photosynthetic performance (i.e., effective quantum yield) to oxidative stress under these global change scenarios were seasonally examined. F. vesiculosus exhibited high and relatively constant photosynthetic performance under artificial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress in all seasons. High activities of superoxide dismutase and a relatively low degree of the biomarker for lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde concentration) were found in F. vesiculosus. Thus, Baltic F. vesiculosus is equipped with a high antioxidative potential to tolerate strong oxidative stress for at least short periods. Antioxidative properties of F. vesiculosus were more strongly affected by warming than by acidification, resulting in significantly increased malondialdehyde concentrations under elevated temperature levels in all seasons. Oxidative stress was enhanced in F. vesiculosus under warming but seem to be modulated by seasonally varying environmental conditions (e.g., high and low irradiances) and pCO2 levels. However, more frequent summer heatwaves reaching and surpassing lethal temperatures in shallow coastal waters may determine the F. vesiculosus population’s overall persistence in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Graiff
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-4986101; Fax: +49-381-4986072
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28
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The CbbQO-type rubisco activases encoded in carboxysome gene clusters can activate carboxysomal form IA rubiscos. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101476. [PMID: 34890642 PMCID: PMC8718961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The CO2-fixing enzyme rubisco is responsible for almost all carbon fixation. This process frequently requires rubisco activase (Rca) machinery, which couples ATP hydrolysis to the removal of inhibitory sugar phosphates, including the rubisco substrate ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). Rubisco is sometimes compartmentalized in carboxysomes, bacterial microcompartments that enable a carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism (CCM). Characterized carboxysomal rubiscos, however, are not prone to inhibition, and often no activase machinery is associated with these enzymes. Here, we characterize two carboxysomal rubiscos of the form IAC clade that are associated with CbbQO-type Rcas. These enzymes release RuBP at a much lower rate than the canonical carboxysomal rubisco from Synechococcus PCC6301. We found that CbbQO-type Rcas encoded in carboxysome gene clusters can remove RuBP and the tight-binding transition state analog carboxy-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate from cognate rubiscos. The Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans genome encodes two form IA rubiscos associated with two sets of cbbQ and cbbO genes. We show that the two CbbQO activase systems display specificity for the rubisco enzyme encoded in the same gene cluster, and this property can be switched by substituting the C-terminal three residues of the large subunit. Our findings indicate that the kinetic and inhibitory properties of proteobacterial form IA rubiscos are diverse and predict that Rcas may be necessary for some α-carboxysomal CCMs. These findings will have implications for efforts aiming to introduce biophysical CCMs into plants and other hosts for improvement of carbon fixation of crops.
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29
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Iñiguez C, Niinemets Ü, Mark K, Galmés J. Analyzing the causes of method-to-method variability among Rubisco kinetic traits: from the first to the current measurements. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7846-7862. [PMID: 34329386 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to the importance of Rubisco in the biosphere, its kinetic parameters have been measured by different methodologies in a large number of studies over the last 60 years. These parameters are essential to characterize the natural diversity in the catalytic properties of the enzyme and they are also required for photosynthesis and cross-scale crop modeling. The present compilation of Rubisco kinetic parameters in model species revealed a wide intraspecific laboratory-to-laboratory variability, which was partially solved by making corrections to account for differences in the assay buffer composition and in the acidity constant of dissolved CO2, as well as for differences in the CO2 and O2 solubilities. Part of the intraspecific variability was also related to the different analytical methodologies used. For instance, significant differences were found between the two main methods for the determination of the specificity factor (Sc/o), and also between Rubisco quantification methods, Rubisco purification versus crude extracts, and single-point versus CO2 curve measurements for the carboxylation turnover rate (kcatc) determination. Causes of the intraspecific laboratory-to-laboratory variability for Rubisco catalytic traits are discussed. This study provides a normalized kinetic dataset for model species to be used by the scientific community. Corrections and recommendations are also provided to reduce measurement variability, allowing the comparison of kinetic data obtained in different laboratories using different assay conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Iñiguez
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Mark
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-INAGEA, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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30
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Hussain S, Ulhassan Z, Brestic M, Zivcak M, Allakhverdiev SI, Yang X, Safdar ME, Yang W, Liu W. Photosynthesis research under climate change. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:5-19. [PMID: 34235625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global population and climate change uncertainties have compelled increased photosynthetic efficiency and yields to ensure food security over the coming decades. Potentially, genetic manipulation and minimization of carbon or energy losses can be ideal to boost photosynthetic efficiency or crop productivity. Despite significant efforts, limited success has been achieved. There is a need for thorough improvement in key photosynthetic limiting factors, such as stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, biochemical capacity combined with Rubisco, the Calvin-Benson cycle, thylakoid membrane electron transport, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon metabolism or fixation pathways. In addition, the mechanistic basis for the enhancement in photosynthetic adaptation to environmental variables such as light intensity, temperature and elevated CO2 requires further investigation. This review sheds light on strategies to improve plant photosynthesis by targeting these intrinsic photosynthetic limitations and external environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Xinghong Yang
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Road No. 61, 271018, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Fei J, Wang YS, Cheng H, Sun FL, Sun CC. Comparative physiological and proteomic analyses of mangrove plant Kandelia obovata under cold stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1826-1840. [PMID: 34618290 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cold events had broadly affected the survival and geographic distribution of mangrove plants. Kandelia obovata, has an excellent cold tolerance as a true halophyte and widespread mangrove species. In this study, physiological characters and comparative proteomics of leaves of K. obovata were performed under cold treatment. The physiological analysis showed that K. obovata could alleviate its cold-stress injuries through increasing the levels of antioxidants, the activities of related enzymes, as well as osmotic regulation substances (proline). It was detected 184 differentially expressed protein spots, and of 129 (70.11%) spots were identified. These proteins have been involved in several pathways such as the stress and defense, photosynthesis and photorespiration, signal transduction, transcription factors, protein biosynthesis and degradation, molecular chaperones, ATP synthesis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and primary metabolisms. The protein post-translational modification may be a common phenomenon and plays a key role in cold-response process in K. obovata. According to our precious work, a schematic diagram was drawn for the resistance or adaptation strategy of mangrove plants under cold stress. This study provided valuable information to understand the mechanism of cold tolerance of K. obovata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Fu-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China
| | - Cui-Ci Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, China
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32
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Xu X, Zheng C, Lu D, Song CP, Zhang L. Phase separation in plants: New insights into cellular compartmentalization. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1835-1855. [PMID: 34314106 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge for cells is how to coordinate various biochemical reactions in space and time. To achieve spatiotemporal control, cells have developed organelles that are surrounded by lipid bilayer membranes. Further, membraneless compartmentalization, a process induced by dynamic physical association of biomolecules through phase transition offers another efficient mechanism for intracellular organization. While our understanding of phase separation was predominantly dependent on yeast and animal models, recent findings have provided compelling evidence for emerging roles of phase separation in plants. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current knowledge of phase separation, including its definition, biophysical principles, molecular features and regulatory mechanisms. Then we summarize plant-specific phase separation phenomena and describe their functions in plant biological processes in great detail. Moreover, we propose that phase separation is an evolutionarily conserved and efficient mechanism for cellular compartmentalization which allows for distinct metabolic processes and signaling pathways, and is especially beneficial for the sessile lifestyle of plants to quickly and efficiently respond to the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Canhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dandan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Byeon S, Song W, Park M, Kim S, Kim S, Lee H, Jeon J, Kim K, Lee M, Lim H, Han SH, Oh C, Kim HS. Down-regulation of photosynthesis and its relationship with changes in leaf N allocation and N availability after long-term exposure to elevated CO 2 concentration. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 265:153489. [PMID: 34416600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Down-regulation of photosynthesis under elevated CO2 (eCO2) concentrations could be attributed to the depletion of nitrogen (N) availability after long-term exposure to eCO2 (progressive nitrogen limitation, PNL) or leaf N dilutions due to excessive accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates. To determine the mechanism underlying this down-regulation, we investigated N availability, photosynthetic characteristics, and N allocation in leaves of Pinus densiflora (shade-intolerant species, evergreen tree), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (intermediate shade-tolerant species, deciduous tree), and Sorbus alnifolia (shade-tolerant species, deciduous tree). The three species were grown under three different CO2 concentrations in open-top chambers, i.e., ambient 400 ppm (aCO2); ambient × 1.4, 560 ppm (eCO21.4); and ambient × 1.8, 720 ppm (eCO21.8), for 11 years. Unlike previous studies that addressed PNL, after 11 years of eCO2 exposure, N availability remained higher under eCO21.8, and chlorophyll and photosynthetic N use efficiency increased under eCO2. In the case of nonstructural carbohydrates, starch and soluble sugar showed significant increases under eCO2. The maximum carboxylation rate, leaf N per mass (Nmass), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) were low under eCO21.8. The ratio of RuBP regeneration to the carboxylation rate as well as that of chlorophyll N to Rubisco N increased with CO2 concentrations. Based on the reduction in Nmass (not in Narea) that was diluted by increase in nonstructural carbohydrate, down-regulation of photosynthesis was found to be caused by the dilution rather than PNL. The greatest increases in chlorophyll under eCO2 were observed in S. alnifolia, which was the most shade-tolerant species. This study could help provide more detailed, mechanistically based processes to explain the down-regulation of photosynthesis by considering two hypotheses together and showed N allocation seems to be flexible against changes in CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Byeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Song
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Park
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - HoonTaek Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745, Jena, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jihyeon Jeon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyo Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Lim
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Gyeonggi, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim-Hee Han
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Gyeonggi, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - ChangYoung Oh
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Gyeonggi, 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Stitt M, Luca Borghi G, Arrivault S. Targeted metabolite profiling as a top-down approach to uncover interspecies diversity and identify key conserved operational features in the Calvin-Benson cycle. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5961-5986. [PMID: 34473300 PMCID: PMC8411860 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving photosynthesis is a promising avenue to increase crop yield. This will be aided by better understanding of natural variance in photosynthesis. Profiling of Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) metabolites provides a top-down strategy to uncover interspecies diversity in CBC operation. In a study of four C4 and five C3 species, principal components analysis separated C4 species from C3 species and also separated different C4 species. These separations were driven by metabolites that reflect known species differences in their biochemistry and pathways. Unexpectedly, there was also considerable diversity between the C3 species. Falling atmospheric CO2 and changing temperature, nitrogen, and water availability have driven evolution of C4 photosynthesis in multiple lineages. We propose that analogous selective pressures drove lineage-dependent evolution of the CBC in C3 species. Examples of species-dependent variation include differences in the balance between the CBC and the light reactions, and in the balance between regulated steps in the CBC. Metabolite profiles also reveal conserved features including inactivation of enzymes in low irradiance, and maintenance of CBC metabolites at relatively high levels in the absence of net CO2 fixation. These features may be important for photosynthetic efficiency in low light, fluctuating irradiance, and when stomata close due to low water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Gian Luca Borghi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Insights into the Structure of Rubisco from Dinoflagellates-In Silico Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168524. [PMID: 34445230 PMCID: PMC8395205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) is one of the best studied enzymes. It is crucial for photosynthesis, and thus for all of biosphere’s productivity. There are four isoforms of this enzyme, differing by amino acid sequence composition and quaternary structure. However, there is still a group of organisms, dinoflagellates, single-cell eukaryotes, that are confirmed to possess Rubisco, but no successful purification of the enzyme of such origin, and hence a generation of a crystal structure was reported to date. Here, we are using in silico tools to generate the possible structure of Rubisco from a dinoflagellate representative, Symbiodinium sp. We selected two templates: Rubisco from Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Both enzymes are the so-called form II Rubiscos, but the first is exclusively a homodimer, while the second one forms homo-hexamers. Obtained models show no differences in amino acids crucial for Rubisco activity. The variation was found at two closely located inserts in the C-terminal domain, of which one extends a helix and the other forms a loop. These inserts most probably do not play a direct role in the enzyme’s activity, but may be responsible for interaction with an unknown protein partner, possibly a regulator or a chaperone. Analysis of the possible oligomerization interface indicated that Symbiodinium sp. Rubisco most likely forms a trimer of homodimers, not just a homodimer. This hypothesis was empowered by calculation of binding energies. Additionally, we found that the protein of study is significantly richer in cysteine residues, which may be the cause for its activity loss shortly after cell lysis. Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of the loop insert, identified exclusively in the Symbiodinium sp. protein, on the functionality of the recombinantly expressed R. rubrum Rubisco. All these findings shed new light onto dinoflagellate Rubisco and may help in future obtainment of a native, active enzyme.
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Qu Y, Sakoda K, Fukayama H, Kondo E, Suzuki Y, Makino A, Terashima I, Yamori W. Overexpression of both Rubisco and Rubisco activase rescues rice photosynthesis and biomass under heat stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2308-2320. [PMID: 33745135 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming threatens food security by decreasing crop yields through damage to photosynthetic systems, especially Rubisco activation. We examined whether co-overexpression of Rubisco and Rubisco activase improves the photosynthetic and growth performance of rice under high temperatures. We grew three rice lines-the wild-type (WT), a Rubisco activase-overexpressing line (oxRCA) and a Rubisco- and Rubisco activase-co-overexpressing line (oxRCA-RBCS)-and analysed photosynthesis and biomass at 25 and 40°C. Compared with the WT, the Rubisco activase content was 153% higher in oxRCA and 138% higher in oxRCA-RBCS, and the Rubisco content was 27% lower in oxRCA and similar in oxRCA-RBCS. The CO2 assimilation rate (A) of WT was lower at 40°C than at 25°C, attributable to Rubisco deactivation by heat. On the other hand, that of oxRCA and oxRCA-RBCS was maintained at 40°C, resulting in higher A than WT. Notably, the dry weight of oxRCA-RBCS was 26% higher than that of WT at 40°C. These results show that increasing the Rubisco activase content without the reduction of Rubisco content could improve yield and sustainability in rice at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sakoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eri Kondo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Shao Y, Li S, Gao L, Sun C, Hu J, Ullah A, Gao J, Li X, Liu S, Jiang D, Cao W, Tian Z, Dai T. Magnesium Application Promotes Rubisco Activation and Contributes to High-Temperature Stress Alleviation in Wheat During the Grain Filling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675582. [PMID: 34177993 PMCID: PMC8231710 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibited photosynthesis caused by post-anthesis high-temperature stress (HTS) leads to decreased wheat grain yield. Magnesium (Mg) plays critical roles in photosynthesis; however, its function under HTS during wheat grain filling remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of Mg on the impact of HTS on photosynthesis during wheat grain filling by conducting pot experiments in controlled-climate chambers. Plants were subjected to a day/night temperature cycle of 32°C/22°C for 5 days during post-anthesis; the control temperature was set at 26°C/16°C. Mg was applied at the booting stage, with untreated plants used as a control. HTS reduced the yield and net photosynthetic rate (P n ) of wheat plants. The maximum carboxylation rate (V Cmax ), which is limited by Rubisco activity, decreased earlier than the light-saturated potential electron transport rate. This decrease in V Cmax was caused by decreased Rubisco activation state under HTS. Mg application reduced yield loss by stabilizing P n . Rubisco activation was enhanced by increasing Rubisco activase activity following Mg application, thereby stabilizing P n . We conclude that Mg maintains Rubisco activation, thereby helping to stabilize P n under HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Attiq Ullah
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Chengdu Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Cowpea Ecophysiological Responses to Accumulated Water Deficiency during the Reproductive Phase in Northeastern Pará, Brazil. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a leguminous species widely cultivated in northern and northeastern Brazil. In the state of Pará, this crop still has low productivity due to several factors, such as low soil fertility and climatic adversity, especially the water deficiency. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the physiological parameters and the productivity of cowpea plants under different water depths. The experiment was conducted in Castanhal/Pará between 2015 and 2016. A randomized block design was applied with six replications and four treatments, represented by the replacement of 100%, 50%, 25% and 0% of the water lost during crop evapotranspiration (ETc), starting from the reproductive stage. The rates of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf transpiration (Eleaf), substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), leaf temperature (Tleaf) and leaf water potential (Ψw) were determined in four measurements at the R5, R7, R8 and R9 phenological stages. Cowpea was sensitive to the water availability in the soil, showing a significant difference between treatments for physiological variables and productivity. Upon reaching a Ψw equal to −0.88 MPa, the studied variables showed important changes, which allows establishing this value as a threshold for the crop regarding water stress under such experimental conditions. The different water levels in the soil directly influenced productivity for both years, indicating that the proper water supply leads to better crop growth and development, increasing productivity.
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Liu J, van Iersel MW. Photosynthetic Physiology of Blue, Green, and Red Light: Light Intensity Effects and Underlying Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:619987. [PMID: 33747002 PMCID: PMC7977723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.619987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Red and blue light are traditionally believed to have a higher quantum yield of CO2 assimilation (QY, moles of CO2 assimilated per mole of photons) than green light, because green light is absorbed less efficiently. However, because of its lower absorptance, green light can penetrate deeper and excite chlorophyll deeper in leaves. We hypothesized that, at high photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), green light may achieve higher QY and net CO2 assimilation rate (A n) than red or blue light, because of its more uniform absorption throughtout leaves. To test the interactive effects of PPFD and light spectrum on photosynthesis, we measured leaf A n of "Green Tower" lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under red, blue, and green light, and combinations of those at PPFDs from 30 to 1,300 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1. The electron transport rates (J) and the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (V c,max) at low (200 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1) and high PPFD (1,000 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1) were estimated from photosynthetic CO2 response curves. Both QY m,inc (maximum QY on incident PPFD basis) and J at low PPFD were higher under red light than under blue and green light. Factoring in light absorption, QY m,abs (the maximum QY on absorbed PPFD basis) under green and red light were both higher than under blue light, indicating that the low QY m,inc under green light was due to lower absorptance, while absorbed blue photons were used inherently least efficiently. At high PPFD, the QY inc [gross CO2 assimilation (A g)/incident PPFD] and J under red and green light were similar, and higher than under blue light, confirming our hypothesis. V c,max may not limit photosynthesis at a PPFD of 200 μmol m-2 s-1 and was largely unaffected by light spectrum at 1,000 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1. A g and J under different spectra were positively correlated, suggesting that the interactive effect between light spectrum and PPFD on photosynthesis was due to effects on J. No interaction between the three colors of light was detected. In summary, at low PPFD, green light had the lowest photosynthetic efficiency because of its low absorptance. Contrary, at high PPFD, QY inc under green light was among the highest, likely resulting from more uniform distribution of green light in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Horticultural Physiology Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Ceusters N, Borland AM, Ceusters J. How to resolve the enigma of diurnal malate remobilisation from the vacuole in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3116-3124. [PMID: 33159327 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Opening of stomata in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is mainly shifted to the night period when atmospheric CO2 is fixed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and stored as malic acid in the vacuole. As such, CAM plants ameliorate transpirational water losses and display substantially higher water-use efficiency compared with C3 and C4 plants. In the past decade significant technical advances have allowed an unprecedented exploration of genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes of CAM plants and efforts are ongoing to engineer the CAM pathway in C3 plants. Whilst research efforts have traditionally focused on nocturnal carboxylation, less information is known regarding the drivers behind diurnal malate remobilisation from the vacuole that liberates CO2 to be fixed by RuBisCo behind closed stomata. To shed more light on this process, we provide a stoichiometric analysis to identify potentially rate-limiting steps underpinning diurnal malate mobilisation and help direct future research efforts. Within this remit we address three key questions: Q1 Does light-dependent assimilation of CO2 via RuBisCo dictate the rate of malate mobilisation? Q2: Do the enzymes responsible for malate decarboxylation limit daytime mobilisation from the vacuole? Q3: Does malate efflux from the vacuole set the pace of decarboxylation?
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Ceusters
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Biosystems, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Campus Geel, KU Leuven, Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel, 2440, Belgium
| | - Anne M Borland
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Johan Ceusters
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Biosystems, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Campus Geel, KU Leuven, Kleinhoefstraat 4, Geel, 2440, Belgium
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, UHasselt, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan Building D, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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Suganami M, Suzuki Y, Tazoe Y, Yamori W, Makino A. Co-overproducing Rubisco and Rubisco activase enhances photosynthesis in the optimal temperature range in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:108-119. [PMID: 33631807 PMCID: PMC8133551 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco limits C3 photosynthesis under some conditions and is therefore a potential target for improving photosynthetic efficiency. The overproduction of Rubisco is often accompanied by a decline in Rubisco activation, and the protein ratio of Rubisco activase (RCA) to Rubisco (RCA/Rubisco) greatly decreases in Rubisco-overproducing plants (RBCS-ox). Here, we produced transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) plants co-overproducing both Rubisco and RCA (RBCS-RCA-ox). Rubisco content in RBCS-RCA-ox plants increased by 23%-44%, and RCA/Rubisco levels were similar or higher than those of wild-type plants. However, although the activation state of Rubisco in RBCS-RCA-ox plants was enhanced, the rates of CO2 assimilation at 25°C in RBCS-RCA-ox plants did not differ from that of wild-type plants. Alternatively, at a moderately high temperature (optimal range of 32°C-36°C), the rates of CO2 assimilation in RBCS-ox and RBCS-RCA-ox plants were higher than in wild-type plants under conditions equal to or lower than current atmospheric CO2 levels. The activation state of Rubisco in RBCS-RCA-ox remained higher than that of RBCS-ox plants, and activated Rubisco content in RCA overproducing, RBCS-ox, RBCS-RCA-ox, and wild-type plants was highly correlated with the initial slope of CO2 assimilation against intercellular CO2 pressures (A:Ci) at 36°C. Thus, a simultaneous increase in Rubisco and RCA contents leads to enhanced photosynthesis within the optimal temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suganami
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Youshi Tazoe
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Degen GE, Orr DJ, Carmo-Silva E. Heat-induced changes in the abundance of wheat Rubisco activase isoforms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1298-1311. [PMID: 32964463 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Triticum aestivum (wheat) genome encodes three isoforms of Rubisco activase (Rca) differing in thermostability, which could be exploited to improve the resilience of this crop to global warming. We hypothesized that elevated temperatures would cause an increase in the relative abundance of heat-stable Rca1β. Wheat plants were grown at 25° C : 18°C (day : night) and exposed to heat stress (38° C : 22°C) for up to 5 d at pre-anthesis. Carbon (C) assimilation, Rubisco activity, CA1Pase activity, transcripts of Rca1β, Rca2β, and Rca2α, and the quantities of the corresponding protein products were measured during and after heat stress. The transcript of Rca1β increased 40-fold in 4 h at elevated temperatures and returned to the original level after 4 h upon return of plants to control temperatures. Rca1β comprised up to 2% of the total Rca protein in unstressed leaves but increased three-fold in leaves exposed to elevated temperatures for 5 d and remained high at 4 h after heat stress. These results show that elevated temperatures cause rapid changes in Rca gene expression and adaptive changes in Rca isoform abundance. The improved understanding of the regulation of C assimilation under heat stress will inform efforts to improve wheat productivity and climate resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf E Degen
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Douglas J Orr
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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Pang JJ, Shin JS, Li SY. The Catalytic Role of RuBisCO for in situ CO 2 Recycling in Escherichia coli. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:543807. [PMID: 33330409 PMCID: PMC7734965 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.543807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is a key enzyme responsible for biological CO2 assimilation. RuBisCO can be heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli so that glucose and CO2 are co-metabolized to achieve high mixotrophic metabolite production, where the theoretical yield of mixotrophic metabolite production is 2.4 mol(ethanol+acetate+pyruvate)/molglucose. However, RuBisCO is known for its low kcat and for forming inhibited complexes with its substrate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) and other sugar phosphates, yet the inhibited form of RuBisCO can be reversed by RuBisCO activase (Rca). In this study, RuBisCO forms I and II were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli for in situ CO2 recycling, where CO2 produced during glucose fermentation was recycled and co-metabolized with the glucose. In addition, forms I and II RuBisCO activases were co-expressed with RuBisCO in E. coli to determine their in vivo effects on in situ CO2 recycling. Form I RuBisCO activase (Rca1) was co-expressed with form I RuBisCO and form II RuBisCO activase (Rca2) was co-expressed with form II RuBisCO. The results showed that both form I and form II RuBisCO exhibit comparable activities in E. coli and generated similar levels of in situ CO2 recycling. A significant increase in the total metabolite yield from 1.5 ± 0.1 to 2.2 ± 0.1 mol(ethanol+acetate+pyruvate)/molglucose occurred when Rca2 was co-expressed with form II RuBisCO. Meanwhile, the total metabolite yield increased from 1.7 ± 0.1 to 2.0 ± 0.1 mol(ethanol+acetate+pyruvate)/molglucose when Rca1 was co-expressed with form I RuBisCO. This data suggests that both forms I and II RuBisCO are subject to in vivo RuBP inhibition yet can be relieved by the co-expression of Rca. Interestingly, it is suggested that the in vivo RuBP inhibition of form II RuBisCO can be more easily reversed compared to form I. When the catalytic power of RuBisCO is maintained by Rca, the high activity of phosphoribulokinase (Prk) plays an important role in directing glucose to the RuBisCO-based engineered pathway and fermentation yields of 2.1–2.3 mol(ethanol+acetate+pyruvate)/molglucose can be obtained. This study is the first to demonstrate that in vivo RuBP inhibition of RuBisCO can be a bottleneck for in situ CO2 recycling in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Jiun Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shik Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si-Yu Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Ng J, Guo Z, Mueller-Cajar O. Rubisco activase requires residues in the large subunit N terminus to remodel inhibited plant Rubisco. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16427-16435. [PMID: 32948656 PMCID: PMC7705312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic CO2 fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) forms dead-end inhibited complexes while binding multiple sugar phosphates, including its substrate ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. Rubisco can be rescued from this inhibited form by molecular chaperones belonging to the ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+ proteins) termed Rubisco activases (Rcas). The mechanism of green-type Rca found in higher plants has proved elusive, in part because until recently higher-plant Rubiscos could not be expressed recombinantly. Identifying the interaction sites between Rubisco and Rca is critical to formulate mechanistic hypotheses. Toward that end here we purify and characterize a suite of 33 Arabidopsis Rubisco mutants for their ability to be activated by Rca. Mutation of 17 surface-exposed large subunit residues did not yield variants that were perturbed in their interaction with Rca. In contrast, we find that Rca activity is highly sensitive to truncations and mutations in the conserved N terminus of the Rubisco large subunit. Large subunits lacking residues 1-4 are functional Rubiscos but cannot be activated. Both T5A and T7A substitutions result in functional carboxylases that are poorly activated by Rca, indicating the side chains of these residues form a critical interaction with the chaperone. Many other AAA+ proteins function by threading macromolecules through a central pore of a disc-shaped hexamer. Our results are consistent with a model in which Rca transiently threads the Rubisco large subunit N terminus through the axial pore of the AAA+ hexamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jediael Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhijun Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Biophysical analysis of the structural evolution of substrate specificity in RuBisCO. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30451-30457. [PMID: 33199597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018939117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the most abundant enzyme on Earth. However, its catalytic rate per molecule of protein is extremely slow and the binding of the primary substrate, CO2, is competitively displaced by O2. Hence, carbon fixation by RuBisCO is highly inefficient; indeed, in higher C3 plants, about 30% of the time the enzyme mistakes CO2 for O2 Using genomic and structural analysis, we identify regions around the catalytic site that play key roles in discriminating between CO2 and O2 Our analysis identified positively charged cavities directly around the active site, which are expanded as the enzyme evolved with higher substrate specificity. The residues that extend these cavities have recently been under selective pressure, indicating that larger charged pockets are a feature of modern RuBisCOs, enabling greater specificity for CO2 This paper identifies a key structural feature that enabled the enzyme to evolve improved CO2 sequestration in an oxygen-rich atmosphere and may guide the engineering of more efficient RuBisCOs.
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Rubisco lysine acetylation occurs at very low stoichiometry in mature Arabidopsis leaves: implications for regulation of enzyme function. Biochem J 2020; 477:3885-3896. [PMID: 32959870 PMCID: PMC7557146 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (E.C. 4.1.1.39; Rubisco) to be subject to Lys-acetylation at various residues; however, opposing reports exist about the biological significance of these post-translational modifications. One aspect of the Lys-acetylation that has not been addressed in plants generally, or with Rubisco specifically, is the stoichiometry at which these Lys-acetylation events occur. As a method to ascertain which Lys-acetylation sites on Arabidopsis Rubisco might be of regulatory importance to its catalytic function in the Calvin–Benson cycle, we purified Rubisco from leaves in both the day and night-time and performed independent mass spectrometry based methods to determine the stoichiometry of Rubisco Lys-acetylation events. The results indicate that Rubisco is acetylated at most Lys residues, but each acetylation event occurs at very low stoichiometry. Furthermore, in vitro treatments that increased the extent of Lys-acetylation on purified Rubisco had no effect on Rubisco maximal activity. Therefore, we are unable to confirm that Lys-acetylation at low stoichiometries can be a regulatory mechanism controlling Rubisco maximal activity. The results highlight the need for further use of stoichiometry measurements when determining the biological significance of reversible PTMs like acetylation.
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De Pedro LF, Mignolli F, Scartazza A, Melana Colavita JP, Bouzo CA, Vidoz ML. Maintenance of photosynthetic capacity in flooded tomato plants with reduced ethylene sensitivity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:202-217. [PMID: 32458443 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is considered one of the most important plant hormones orchestrating plant responses to flooding stress. However, ethylene may induce deleterious effects on plants, especially when produced at high rates in response to stress. In this paper, we explored the effect of attenuated ethylene sensitivity in the Never ripe (Nr) mutant on leaf photosynthetic capacity of flooded tomato plants. We found out that reduced ethylene perception in Nr plants was associated with a more efficient photochemical and non-photochemical radiative energy dissipation capability in response to flooding. The data correlated with the retention of chlorophyll and carotenoids content in flooded Nr leaves. Moreover, leaf area and specific leaf area were higher in Nr, indicating that ethylene would exert a negative role in leaf growth and expansion under flooded conditions. Although stomatal conductance was hampered in flooded Nr plants, carboxylation activity was not affected by flooding in the mutant, suggesting that ethylene is responsible for inducing non-stomatal limitations to photosynthetic CO2 uptake. Upregulation of several cysteine protease genes and high protease activity led to Rubisco protein loss in response to ethylene under flooding. Reduction of Rubisco content would, at least in part, account for the reduction of its carboxylation efficiency in response to ethylene in flooded plants. Therefore, besides its role as a trigger of many adaptive responses, perception of ethylene entails limitations in light and dark photosynthetic reactions by speeding up the senescence process that leads to a progressive disassembly of the photosynthetic machinery in leaves of flooded tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Mignolli
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Melana Colavita
- Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA, NEA-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Carlos Alberto Bouzo
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal (LIFiBVe), ICi Agro-Litoral (UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Laura Vidoz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
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Flecken M, Wang H, Popilka L, Hartl FU, Bracher A, Hayer-Hartl M. Dual Functions of a Rubisco Activase in Metabolic Repair and Recruitment to Carboxysomes. Cell 2020; 183:457-473.e20. [PMID: 32979320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco, the key enzyme of CO2 fixation in photosynthesis, is prone to inactivation by inhibitory sugar phosphates. Inhibited Rubisco undergoes conformational repair by the hexameric AAA+ chaperone Rubisco activase (Rca) in a process that is not well understood. Here, we performed a structural and mechanistic analysis of cyanobacterial Rca, a close homolog of plant Rca. In the Rca:Rubisco complex, Rca is positioned over the Rubisco catalytic site under repair and pulls the N-terminal tail of the large Rubisco subunit (RbcL) into the hexamer pore. Simultaneous displacement of the C terminus of the adjacent RbcL opens the catalytic site for inhibitor release. An alternative interaction of Rca with Rubisco is mediated by C-terminal domains that resemble the small Rubisco subunit. These domains, together with the N-terminal AAA+ hexamer, ensure that Rca is packaged with Rubisco into carboxysomes. The cyanobacterial Rca is a dual-purpose protein with functions in Rubisco repair and carboxysome organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkko Flecken
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Huping Wang
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Leonhard Popilka
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - F Ulrich Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manajit Hayer-Hartl
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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Sales CRG, da Silva AB, Carmo-Silva E. Measuring Rubisco activity: challenges and opportunities of NADH-linked microtiter plate-based and 14C-based assays. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5302-5312. [PMID: 32728715 PMCID: PMC7501812 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco is central to carbon assimilation, and efforts to improve the efficiency and sustainability of crop production have spurred interest in phenotyping Rubisco activity. We tested the hypothesis that microtiter plate-based methods provide comparable results to those obtained with the radiometric assay that measures the incorporation of 14CO2 into 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). Three NADH-linked assays were tested that use alternative coupling enzymes: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GlyPDH); phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH); and pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). To date there has been no thorough evaluation of their reliability by comparison with the 14C-based method. The three NADH-linked assays were used in parallel to estimate (i) the 3-PGA concentration-response curve of NADH oxidation, (ii) the Michaelis-Menten constant for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate, (iii) fully active and inhibited Rubisco activities, and (iv) Rubisco initial and total activities in fully illuminated and shaded leaves. All three methods correlated strongly with the 14C-based method, and the PK-LDH method showed a strong correlation and was the cheapest method. PEPC-MDH would be a suitable option for situations in which ADP/ATP might interfere with the assay. GAPDH-GlyPDH proved more laborious than the other methods. Thus, we recommend the PK-LDH method as a reliable, cheaper, and higher throughput method to phenotype Rubisco activity for crop improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R G Sales
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster, UK
| | - Anabela Bernardes da Silva
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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50
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García-García JD, Joshi J, Patterson JA, Trujillo-Rodriguez L, Reisch CR, Javanpour AA, Liu CC, Hanson AD. Potential for Applying Continuous Directed Evolution to Plant Enzymes: An Exploratory Study. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E179. [PMID: 32899502 PMCID: PMC7555113 DOI: 10.3390/life10090179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant evolution has produced enzymes that may not be optimal for maximizing yield and quality in today's agricultural environments and plant biotechnology applications. By improving enzyme performance, it should be possible to alleviate constraints on yield and quality currently imposed by kinetic properties or enzyme instability. Enzymes can be optimized more quickly than naturally possible by applying directed evolution, which entails mutating a target gene in vitro and screening or selecting the mutated gene products for the desired characteristics. Continuous directed evolution is a more efficient and scalable version that accomplishes the mutagenesis and selection steps simultaneously in vivo via error-prone replication of the target gene and coupling of the host cell's growth rate to the target gene's function. However, published continuous systems require custom plasmid assembly, and convenient multipurpose platforms are not available. We discuss two systems suitable for continuous directed evolution of enzymes, OrthoRep in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and EvolvR in Escherichia coli, and our pilot efforts to adapt each system for high-throughput plant enzyme engineering. To test our modified systems, we used the thiamin synthesis enzyme THI4, previously identified as a prime candidate for improvement. Our adapted OrthoRep system shows promise for efficient plant enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaya Joshi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Jenelle A. Patterson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Lidimarie Trujillo-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA; (L.T.-R.); (C.R.R.)
| | - Christopher R. Reisch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA; (L.T.-R.); (C.R.R.)
| | - Alex A. Javanpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (A.A.J.); (C.C.L.)
| | - Chang C. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (A.A.J.); (C.C.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew D. Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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