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Wu W, Epstein H, Xu X, Li X, Guo H, Li J. Radiative trigger thresholds of foliar photoprotective pigment regulation for global vegetation. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100649. [PMID: 38903243 PMCID: PMC11186964 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjustments in foliar photoprotective pigments are crucial for plant adaptation to harsh environments, serving as indicators of environmental stress. However, understanding when and where these adjustments occur across diverse biomes remains unclear due to challenges in large-scale observation. Here, we propose a novel approach to assess dynamics in photoprotective pigments at the canopy level using a new index derived from space-borne optical sensors. This approach generates a global map depicting the daily mean shortwave radiation threshold at which adjustments typically occur under prevailing climatic conditions. The global average of this threshold is 262 ± 50 W m⁻2, with lower values at high latitudes and peaks near 40° in both hemispheres. Temperature exerts a stronger influence on this latitudinal pattern than humidity. Future projections suggest a decrease in this threshold over northern high latitudes, implying exacerbated vulnerability under identical radiation levels due to negative warming responses. Based on this threshold, a high-stress zone around 60°N is identified and is predicted to shift southward in the future. These findings bridge critical gaps in photoprotection research and offer a new perspective on understanding the biogeochemical cycles of global ecosystems. This framework can also enhance our ability to predict the fate of diverse ecosystems under future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Wu
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Observation of Hainan Province, Hainan Research Institute, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572029, China
| | - Howard Epstein
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinwu Li
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Huadong Guo
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Sciences, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
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Tang K, Karamat U, Li G, Guo J, Jiang S, Fu M, Yang X. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal the role of BoGSTF12 in anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:335. [PMID: 38664614 PMCID: PMC11044404 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vivid red, purple, and blue hues that are observed in a variety of plant fruits, flowers, and leaves are produced by anthocyanins, which are naturally occurring pigments produced by a series of biochemical processes occurring inside the plant cells. The purple-stalked Chinese kale, a popular vegetable that contains anthocyanins, has many health benefits but needs to be investigated further to identify the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis and translocation in this vegetable. RESULTS In this study, the purple- and green-stalked Chinese kale were examined using integrative transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The content of anthocyanins such as cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-feruloyl) sophoroside-5-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside (cyanin), and cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl) sophoroside-5-O-glucoside were considerably higher in purple-stalked Chinese kale than in its green-stalked relative. RNA-seq analysis indicated that 23 important anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, including 3 PAL, 2 C4H, 3 4CL, 3 CHS, 1 CHI, 1 F3H, 2 FLS, 2 F3'H, 1 DFR, 3 ANS, and 2 UFGT, along with the transcription factor BoMYB114, were significantly differentially expressed between the purple- and green-stalked varieties. Results of analyzing the expression levels of 11 genes involved in anthocyanin production using qRT-PCR further supported our findings. Association analysis between genes and metabolites revealed a strong correlation between BoGSTF12 and anthocyanin. We overexpressed BoGSTF12 in Arabidopsis thaliana tt19, an anthocyanin transport mutant, and this rescued the anthocyanin-loss phenotype in the stem and rosette leaves, indicating BoGSTF12 encodes an anthocyanin transporter that affects the accumulation of anthocyanins. CONCLUSION This work represents a key step forward in our understanding of the molecular processes underlying anthocyanin production in Chinese kale. Our comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptome analyses provide important insights into the regulatory system that controls anthocyanin production and transport, while providing a foundation for further research to elucidate the physiological importance of the metabolites found in this nutritionally significant vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Tang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Umer Karamat
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Juxian Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shizheng Jiang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mei Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Schmitt KFM, do Amaral Junior AT, Kamphorst SH, Pinto VB, de Lima VJ, de Oliveira UA, Viana FN, Leite JT, Gomes LP, Silva JGDS, Lamêgo DL, Bernado WDP, de Souza GAR, de Almeida FA, de Souza Filho GA, Silveira V, Campostrini E. Decoding the effects of drought stress on popcorn (Zea mays var. everta) flowering combining proteomics and physiological analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108444. [PMID: 38382344 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Under conditions of soil water limitation and adequate irrigation, we conducted an investigation into the growth dynamics, gas exchange performance, and proteomic profiles of two inbred popcorn lines-L71, characterized as drought-tolerant, and L61, identified as drought-sensitive. Our goal was to uncover the mechanisms associated with tolerance to soil water limitation during the flowering. The plants were cultivated until grain filling in a substrate composed of perlite and peat within 150cm long lysimeter, subjected to two water conditions (WC): i) irrigated (WW) at lysimeter capacity (LC - 100%), and ii) water-stressed (WS). Under WS conditions, the plants gradually reached 45% of LC and were maintained at this level for 10 days. Irrespective of the WC, L71 exhibited the highest values of dry biomass in both shoot and root systems, signifying its status as the most robust genotype. The imposed water limitation led to early senescence, chlorophyll degradation, and increased anthocyanin levels, with a more pronounced impact observed in L61. Traits related to gas exchange manifested differences between the lines only under WS conditions. A total of 1838 proteins were identified, with 169 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the tolerant line and 386 DAPs in the sensitive line. Notably, differences in energy metabolism, photosynthesis, oxidative stress response, and protein synthesis pathways were identified as the key distinctions between L71 and L61. Consequently, our findings offer valuable insights into the alterations in proteomic profiles associated with the adaptation to soil water limitation in popcorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Junior
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Henrique Kamphorst
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza. Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana.
| | - Vitor Batista Pinto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB). Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Valter Jário de Lima
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Uéliton Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Nicácio Viana
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Jhean Torres Leite
- Pesquisador em Ciências agronômicas GDM Seeds, Porto Nacional, TO, 77500-000, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Peixoto Gomes
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - José Gabriel de Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Leal Lamêgo
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Wallace de Paula Bernado
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Augusto Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Astolpho de Almeida
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídes, CBB. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Gonçalo Apolinário de Souza Filho
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, CBB. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, CBB. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Laboratório de Melhoramento Vegetal, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia Agronômica, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Prof. Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes, 28013-602, Brazil.
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Zou J, Gong Z, Liu Z, Ren J, Feng H. Investigation of the Key Genes Associated with Anthocyanin Accumulation during Inner Leaf Reddening in Ornamental Kale ( Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032837. [PMID: 36769159 PMCID: PMC9917897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) is a popular decorative plant in late autumn and winter. However, only during low-temperature color-changed periods below rough 15 °C can the plant accumulate anthocyanins and exhibit a diverse array of foliar color patterns. In this study, we probed into the potential mechanism of inner leaf reddening in a red-leaf pure line of ornamental kale by physiological, metabolic, and transcriptomic analyses. Determination of anthocyanin contents in the uncolored new white leaves (S0), the light red leaves (S1) in the reddening period and the red leaves (S2) completing color change, and analysis of anthocyanin metabolites at stage S2, revealed that the coloring of red leaves was mainly attributed to the accumulation of cyanidins. We further used transcriptomic sequencing between the pairwise S0, S1, and S2 stages to identify 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, among which the expression level of 14 DEGs was positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation, and 6 DEGs were negatively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. A total of 89 co-expressed genes were screened out, from which three DEGs (BoCHI, Bo4CL3, and BoF3H) were identified as hub genes in co-expression DEGs network. BoDFR and BoCHI were the DEGs with the highest expressions at S2. Moreover, two co-expressed DEGs related to stress response (BoBBX17 and BoCOR47) also exhibited upregulated expressions and positive correlations with anthocyanin accumulation. A deep dive into the underlying regulatory network of anthocyanin accumulation comprising these six upregulated DEGs from S0 to S2 was performed via trend, correlation, and differentially co-expression analysis. This study uncovered the DEGs expression profiles associated with anthocyanin accumulation during ornamental kale inner leaf reddening, which provided a basis for further dissecting the molecular mechanisms of leaf color characteristic change in ornamental kale at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Ren
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (H.F.)
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5
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Kaur S, Tiwari V, Kumari A, Chaudhary E, Sharma A, Ali U, Garg M. Protective and defensive role of anthocyanins under plant abiotic and biotic stresses: An emerging application in sustainable agriculture. J Biotechnol 2023; 361:12-29. [PMID: 36414125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is the major cause of abiotic and biotic stresses that reduce plant growth and productivity. Various stresses such as drought, low temperature, pathogen attack, high temperature and salinity all negatively influence plant growth and development. Due to sessile beings, they cannot escape from these adverse conditions. However, plants develop a variety of systems that can help them to tolerate, resist, and escape challenges imposed by the environment. Among them, anthocyanins are a good example of stress mitigators. They aid plant growth and development by increasing anthocyanin accumulation, which leads to increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In the primary metabolism of plants, anthocyanin improves the photosynthesis rate, membrane permeability, up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and optimizes nutrient uptake. Generally, the most important genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated under various abiotic and biotic stresses. The present review will highlight anthocyanin mediated stress tolerance in plants under various abiotic and biotic stresses. We have also compiled literature related to genetically engineer stress-tolerant crops generated using over-expression of genes belonging to anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway or its regulation. To sum up, the present review provides an up-to-date description of various signal transduction mechanisms that modulate or enhance anthocyanin accumulation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Vandita Tiwari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Era Chaudhary
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Usman Ali
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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6
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Ye Y, Kitayama K, Onoda Y. A cost-benefit analysis of leaf carbon economy with consideration of seasonal changes in leaf traits for sympatric deciduous and evergreen congeners: implications for their coexistence. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1047-1058. [PMID: 35133649 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deciduous and evergreen species, which have evolved repeatedly across different clades, can coexist in a given environment despite substantial differences in their leaf traits. It remains unclear how these two groups differ in the development of leaf traits over their lifespans or how their carbon economy - the balance between lifetime carbon gain and leaf construction cost - is determined. We determined the photosynthetic rate (Aarea ), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf mechanical strength and leaf water potentials and estimated the lifetime carbon gain and leaf construction cost of five closely related pairs of evergreen and deciduous species co-occurring in a temperate forest. Aarea of evergreen species was lower during their first spring, similar in summer and higher than the autumn until the following spring than their deciduous counterparts. Leaf mechanical strength, osmotic pressures and LMA increased continuously towards winter in evergreen species while remaining largely constant in deciduous species. The ratio of lifetime carbon gain to leaf construction cost was similar between the two groups. The additional cost associated with enduring winter is paid back by a longer revenue of photosynthesis in evergreen species, allowing evergreen and deciduous leaf habits to coexist in the seasonal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Ye
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Kitayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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7
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Islam MZ, Park BJ, Jeong SY, Kang SW, Shin BK, Lee YT. Assessment of biochemical compounds and antioxidant enzyme activity in barley and wheatgrass under water-deficit condition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1995-2002. [PMID: 34524705 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheatgrass and barley grass are freshly sprouted leaves of wheat and barley seeds and are rich sources of phytochemicals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of drought stress on the biochemical compounds and antioxidant activities of barley grass and wheatgrass extracts. The grass was cultivated in an organic soil growing medium with different levels of drought stress (a control with 100% water holding capacity (WHC), mild drought stress with 75% WHC, moderate drought stress with 50% WHC, and severe drought stress with 25% WHC) in a growth chamber by controlling temperature (20/15 °C, day/night), light (12/12 h, light/dark; intensity 150 μmol m-2 s-1 with quantum dot light-emitting diodes), and relative humidity (60%) for 7 days. The drought stress showed increased levels of biochemical compounds, especially phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, in both barley grass and wheatgrass extracts. The wheatgrass extracts showed 1.38-1.67 times higher phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C contents than the barley grass extracts did. The antioxidant (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging activity, and nitrite-scavenging activity) and antioxidant enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) were the highest under severe drought stress in both barley grass and wheatgrass extracts; and the wheatgrass extracts showed 1.20-5.70 times higher antioxidant enzyme activities than the barley grass extracts did. Proper drought-stress treatment of barley grass and wheatgrass may be a convenient and efficient method to increase biochemical compounds and antioxidants in our diet to exploit the related health benefits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zahirul Islam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Buem-Jun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tack Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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8
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Agati G, Guidi L, Landi M, Tattini M. Anthocyanins in photoprotection: knowing the actors in play to solve this complex ecophysiological issue. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2228-2235. [PMID: 34449083 PMCID: PMC9291080 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Agati
- National Research Council of ItalyInstitute of Applied Physics ‘Nello Carrara’Via Madonna del Piano 10Sesto Fiorentino, FlorenceI‐50019Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaVia del Borghetto 80I‐56124PisaItaly
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaVia del Borghetto 80I‐56124PisaItaly
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionNational Research Council of ItalyVia Madonna del Piano 10I‐50019Sesto Fiorentino, FlorenceItaly
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9
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Naing AH, Kim CK. Abiotic stress-induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1711-1723. [PMID: 33605458 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, salinity, low temperature, and heavy metals, inhibit plant growth and reduce crop productivity. Abiotic stresses are becoming increasingly extreme worldwide due to the ongoing deterioration of the global climate and the increase in agrochemical utilization and industrialization. Plants grown in fields are affected by one or more abiotic stresses. The consequent stress response of plants induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are then used as signaling molecules to activate stress-tolerance mechanism. However, under extreme stress conditions, ROS are overproduced and cause oxidative damage to plants. In such conditions, plants produce anthocyanins after ROS signaling via the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. These anthocyanins are then utilized in antioxidant activities by scavenging excess ROS for their sustainability. In this review, we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress-induced anthocyanins in plants and their role in abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, we highlight the current progress in the development of anthocyanin-enriched transgenic plants and their ability to increase abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, this review provides valuable information that increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which anthocyanins respond to abiotic stress and protect plants against it. This review also provides practical guidance for plant biologists who are engineering stress-tolerant crops using anthocyanin biosynthesis or regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Folk RA, Siniscalchi CM, Soltis DE. Angiosperms at the edge: Extremity, diversity, and phylogeny. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2871-2893. [PMID: 32926444 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of flowering plants is their ability to invade some of the most extreme and dynamic habitats, including cold and dry biomes, to a far greater extent than other land plants. Recent work has provided insight to the phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary mechanisms which have enabled this success, yet needed is a synthesis of evolutionary perspectives with plant physiological traits, morphology, and genomic diversity. Linking these disparate components will not only lead to better understand the evolutionary parallelism and diversification of plants with these two strategies, but also to provide the framework needed for directing future research. We summarize the primary physiological and structural traits involved in response to cold- and drought stress, outline the phylogenetic distribution of these adaptations, and describe the recurring association of these changes with rapid diversification events that occurred in multiple lineages over the past 15 million years. Across these threefold facets of dry-cold correlation (traits, phylogeny, and time) we stress the contrast between (a) the amazing diversity of solutions flowering plants have developed in the face of extreme environments and (b) a broad correlation between cold and dry adaptations that in some cases may hint at deep common origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Folk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Carolina M Siniscalchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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11
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Zhang Z, Shi Y, Ma Y, Yang X, Yin X, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Liu W, Li Y, Li S, Liu X, Grierson D, Allan AC, Jiang G, Chen K. The strawberry transcription factor FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation by activation of FaMYB10 and anthocyanin pathway genes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2267-2279. [PMID: 32216018 PMCID: PMC7589338 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The RAV (related to ABI3/viviparous 1) group of transcription factors (TFs) play multifaceted roles in plant development and stress responses. Here, we show that strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening via a hierarchy of activation processes. Dual-luciferase assay screening of all fruit-expressed AP2/ERFs showed FaRAV1 had the highest transcriptional activation of the promoter of FaMYB10, a key activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that FaRAV1 could directly bind to the promoter of FaMYB10. Transient overexpression of FaRAV1 in strawberry fruit increased FaMYB10 expression and anthocyanin production significantly. Correspondingly, transient RNA interference-induced silencing of FaRAV1 led to decreases in FaMYB10 expression and anthocyanin content. Transcriptome analysis of FaRAV1-overexpressing strawberry fruit revealed that transcripts of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes were up-regulated. Luciferase assays showed that FaRAV1 could also activate the promoters of strawberry anthocyanin biosynthetic genes directly, revealing a second level of FaRAV1 action in promoting anthocyanin accumulation. These results show that FaRAV1 stimulates anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry both by direct activation of anthocyanin pathway gene promoters and by up-regulation of FaMYB10, which also positively regulates these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Zhang
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yanna Shi
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuchen Ma
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Institute of HorticultureZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Xueren Yin
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuwei Xiao
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Wenli Liu
- College of Mathematical ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yunduan Li
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shaojia Li
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Donald Grierson
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Division of Plant and Crop SciencesSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK
| | - Andrew C. Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Institute of HorticultureZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant GrowthDevelopment and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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12
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Responses and Differences in Tolerance to Water Shortage under Climatic Dryness Conditions in Seedlings from Quercus spp. and Andalusian Q. ilex Populations. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analyzing differences in tolerance to drought in Quercus spp., and the characterization of these responses at the species and individual population level, are imperative for the selection of resilient elite genotypes in reforestation programs. The main objective of this work was to evaluate differences in the response and tolerance to water shortage under in five Quercus spp. and five Andalusian Q. ilex populations at the inter- and intraspecies level. Six-month-old seedlings grown in perlite were subjected to drought treatments by withholding water for 28 days under mean 37 °C temperature, 28 W m−2 solar irradiance, and 41% humidity. The use of perlite as the substrate enabled the establishment of severe drought stress with reduction in water availability from 73% (field capacity) to 28% (dryness), corresponding to matric potentials of 0 and −30 kPa. Damage symptoms, mortality rate, leaf water content, photosynthetic, and biochemical parameters (amino acids, sugars, phenolics, and pigments) were determined. At the phenotypic level, based on damage symptoms and mortality, Q. ilex behaved as the most drought tolerant species. Drought caused a significant decrease in leaf fluorescence, photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance in all Quercus spp. analyzed, being less pronounced in Q. ilex. There were not differences between irrigated and non-irrigated Q. ilex seedlings in the content of sugar and photosynthetic pigments, while the total amino acid and phenolic content significantly increased under drought conditions. As a response to drought, living Q. ilex seedlings adjust stomata opening and gas exchange, and keep hydrated, photosynthetically active, and metabolically competent. At the population level, based on damage symptoms, mortality, and physiological parameters, the eastern Andalusian populations were more tolerant than the western ones. These observations inform the basis for the selection of resilient genotypes to be used in breeding and reforestation programs.
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13
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Abstract
Drought stress affects growth, morphological and biochemical properties in plants. To develop resistance and adapt to drought, plants need metabolic changes. Adaptations to stress involve changes to gene expression that activate metabolic processes that promote drought resistance and that may include biosynthesis and accumulation of specialized metabolites. Such adaptations in specialized metabolism may be important mechanisms leading to plant stress resistance and involve production of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoid and nitrogen containing compounds that are species and genotype specific. Most plants having special metabolites to adapt to drought stress belong to different botanical families. C3, C4 and CAM plants, apply both morphological and metabolic mechanisms to adapt to drought as well as to accumulate specialized metabolites. Generally, medicinal plants increase their functional metabolites content, when exposed to drought stress. During drought stress, transcription factors and related pathways for biosynthesis of phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins as well as for stress jasmonate and abscisic acid stress hormones are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Morteza Zahedi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Karimi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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14
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Saini K, AbdElgawad H, Markakis MN, Schoenaers S, Asard H, Prinsen E, Beemster GTS, Vissenberg K. Perturbation of Auxin Homeostasis and Signaling by PINOID Overexpression Induces Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1308. [PMID: 28824662 PMCID: PMC5539238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Under normal and stress conditions plant growth require a complex interplay between phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, details of the nature of this crosstalk remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that PINOID (PID), a serine threonine kinase of the AGC kinase family, perturbs auxin homeostasis, which in turn modulates rosette growth and induces stress responses in Arabidopsis plants. Arabidopsis mutants and transgenic plants with altered PID expression were used to study the effect on auxin levels and stress-related responses. In the leaves of plants with ectopic PID expression an accumulation of auxin, oxidative burst and disruption of hormonal balance was apparent. Furthermore, PID overexpression led to the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites, while pid knockout mutants showed only moderate changes in stress-related metabolites. These physiological changes in the plants overexpressing PID modulated their response toward external drought and osmotic stress treatments when compared to the wild type. Based on the morphological, transcriptome, and metabolite results, we propose that perturbations in the auxin hormone levels caused by PID overexpression, along with other hormones and ROS downstream, cause antioxidant accumulation and modify growth and stress responses in Arabidopsis. Our data provide further proof for a strong correlation between auxin and stress biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Saini
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni Suef, Egypt
| | - Marios N. Markakis
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T. S. Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
- Plant and Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition, Technological Educational Institute of Crete: University of Applied SciencesHeraklion, Greece
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15
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Park YS, Bae DW, Ryu CM. Aboveground Whitefly Infestation Modulates Transcriptional Levels of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Jasmonic Acid Signaling-Related Genes and Augments the Cope with Drought Stress of Maize. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143879. [PMID: 26630288 PMCID: PMC4667997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to now, the potential underlying molecular mechanisms by which maize (Zea mays L.) plants elicit defense responses by infestation with a phloem feeding insect whitefly [Bemisia tabaci (Genn.)] have been barely elucidated against (a)biotic stresses. To fill this gap of current knowledge maize plants were infested with whitefly and these plants were subsequently assessed the levels of water loss. To understand the mode of action, plant hormone contents and the stress-related mRNA expression were evaluated. Whitefly-infested maize plants did not display any significant phenotypic differences in above-ground tissues (infested site) compared with controls. By contrast, root (systemic tissue) biomass was increased by 2-fold by whitefly infestation. The levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were significantly higher in whitefly-infested plants. The biosynthetic or signaling-related genes for JA and anthocyanins were highly up-regulated. Additionally, we found that healthier plants were obtained in whitefly-infested plants under drought conditions. The weight of whitefly-infested plants was approximately 20% higher than that of control plants at 14 d of drought treatment. The drought tolerance-related genes, ZmbZIP72, ZmSNAC1, and ZmABA1, were highly expressed in the whitefly-infected plants. Collectively, our results suggest that IAA/JA-derived maize physiological changes and correlation of H2O2 production and water loss are modulated by above-ground whitefly infestation in maize plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Park
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305–806, South Korea
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 565–851, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660–701, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, 305–806, South Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305–350, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Luna MC, Bekhradi F, Ferreres F, Jordán MJ, Delshad M, Gil MI. Effect of Water Stress and Storage Time on Anthocyanins and Other Phenolics of Different Genotypes of Fresh Sweet Basil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9223-9231. [PMID: 26473474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the effect of water stress and storage time on the content of anthocyanins and other phenolics in different genotypes of fresh sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Purple and green Iranian cultivars and a Genovese variety were exposed to a control (100% of the field capacity, FC) and to water stress of mild and severe deficit irrigation treatments (25 and 50 DI corresponding to 75 and 50% FC, respectively). The individual characterization by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n) and the MS fragmentation pathway of anthocyanins are described. A 50% increase in the anthocyanin content was observed in 50 DI after storage. Water stress markedly enhanced the content of phenolic acids after storage in the three genotypes. Water stress can be an efficient way to help the sustainability of water resources, enriching the content of phenolic compounds that may be beneficial to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Luna
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC , Espinardo, Spain
| | - Farzaneh Bekhradi
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC , Espinardo, Spain
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC , Espinardo, Spain
| | - María J Jordán
- Department of Natural Resources, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA) , La Alberca (Murcia), Spain
| | - Mojtaba Delshad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran , Tehran, Iran
| | - María I Gil
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC , Espinardo, Spain
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17
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Ploenlap P, Pattanagul W. Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on foliar anthocyanin accumulation and drought tolerance in purple rice. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Carpenter KL, Keidel TS, Pihl MC, Hughes NM. Support for a photoprotective function of winter leaf reddening in nitrogen-deficient individuals of Lonicera japonica. Molecules 2014; 19:17810-28. [PMID: 25372396 PMCID: PMC6271606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants growing in high-light environments during winter often exhibit leaf reddening due to synthesis of anthocyanin pigments, which are thought to alleviate photooxidative stress associated with low-temperature photoinhibition through light attenuation and/or antioxidant activity. Seasonal high-light stress can be further exacerbated by a limited photosynthetic capacity, such as nitrogen-deficiency. In the present study, we test the following hypotheses using three populations of the semi-evergreen vine Lonicera japonica: (1) nitrogen deficiency corresponds with reduced photosynthetic capacity; (2) individuals with reduced photosynthetic capacity synthesize anthocyanin pigments in leaves during winter; and (3) anthocyanin pigments help alleviate high-light stress by attenuating green light. All populations featured co-occurring winter-green and winter-red leafed individuals on fully-exposed (high-light), south-facing slopes in the Piedmont of North Carolina, USA. Consistent with our hypotheses, red leaves consistently exhibited significantly lower foliar nitrogen than green leaves, as well as lower total chlorophyll, quantum yield efficiency, carboxylation efficiency, and photosynthesis at saturating irradiance (Asat). Light-response curves measured using ambient sunlight versus red-blue LED (i.e., lacking green wavelengths) demonstrated significantly reduced quantum yield efficiency and a higher light compensation point under sunlight relative to red-blue LED in red leaves, but not in green leaves, consistent with a (green) light-attenuating function of anthocyanin pigments. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that intraspecific anthocyanin synthesis corresponds with nitrogen deficiency and reduced photosynthetic capacity within populations, and support a light-attenuating function of anthocyanin pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylyn L Carpenter
- Department of Biology, High Point University, University Station 3591, High Point, NC 27262, USA
| | - Timothy S Keidel
- Department of Biology, High Point University, University Station 3591, High Point, NC 27262, USA
| | - Melissa C Pihl
- Department of Biology, High Point University, University Station 3591, High Point, NC 27262, USA
| | - Nicole M Hughes
- Department of Biology, High Point University, University Station 3591, High Point, NC 27262, USA.
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19
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Fasano R, Gonzalez N, Tosco A, Dal Piaz F, Docimo T, Serrano R, Grillo S, Leone A, Inzé D. Role of Arabidopsis UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 in plant growth reduction under osmotic stress and low levels of UV-B. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:773-91. [PMID: 24413416 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In high-light environments, plants are exposed to different types of stresses, such as an excess of UV-B, but also drought stress which triggers a common morphogenic adaptive response resulting in a general reduction of plant growth. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) gene, a known regulator of the UV-B morphogenic response, was able to complement a Saccharomyces cerevisiae osmo-sensitive mutant and its expression was induced after osmotic or salt stress in Arabidopsis plants. Under low levels of UV-B, plants overexpressing UVR8 are dwarfed with a reduced root development and accumulate more flavonoids compared to control plants. The growth defects are mainly due to the inhibition of cell expansion. The growth inhibition triggered by UVR8 overexpression in plants under low levels of UV-B was exacerbated by mannitol-induced osmotic stress, but it was not significantly affected by ionic stress. In contrast, uvr8-6 mutant plants do not differ from wild-type plants under standard conditions, but they show an increased shoot growth under high-salt stress. Our data suggest that UVR8-mediated accumulation of flavonoid and possibly changes in auxin homeostasis are the underlying mechanism of the observed growth phenotypes and that UVR8 might have an important role for integrating plant growth and stress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Fasano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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20
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Nakabayashi R, Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Urano K, Suzuki M, Yamada Y, Nishizawa T, Matsuda F, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Shinozaki K, Michael AJ, Tohge T, Yamazaki M, Saito K. Enhancement of oxidative and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis by overaccumulation of antioxidant flavonoids. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:367-79. [PMID: 24274116 PMCID: PMC4282528 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The notion that plants use specialized metabolism to protect against environmental stresses needs to be experimentally proven by addressing the question of whether stress tolerance by specialized metabolism is directly due to metabolites such as flavonoids. We report that flavonoids with radical scavenging activity mitigate against oxidative and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling and experiments with oxidative and drought stress in wild-type, single overexpressors of MYB12/PFG1 (PRODUCTION OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES1) or MYB75/PAP1 (PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT1), double overexpressors of MYB12 and PAP1, transparent testa4 (tt4) as a flavonoid-deficient mutant, and flavonoid-deficient MYB12 or PAP1 overexpressing lines (obtained by crossing tt4 and the individual MYB overexpressor) demonstrated that flavonoid overaccumulation was key to enhanced tolerance to such stresses. Antioxidative activity assays using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, methyl viologen, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine clearly showed that anthocyanin overaccumulation with strong in vitro antioxidative activity mitigated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in vivo under oxidative and drought stress. These data confirm the usefulness of flavonoids for enhancing both biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Keiko Yonekura-Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kaoru Urano
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- †Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Anthony J Michael
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- ‡Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mami Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
- *(e-mail )
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Yokawa K, Fasano R, Kagenishi T, Baluška F. Light as stress factor to plant roots - case of root halotropism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:718. [PMID: 25566292 PMCID: PMC4264407 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing underground, largely in darkness, roots emerge to be very sensitive to light. Recently, several important papers have been published which reveal that plant roots not only express all known light receptors but also that their growth, physiology and adaptive stress responses are light-sensitive. In Arabidopsis, illumination of roots speeds-up root growth via reactive oxygen species-mediated and F-actin dependent process. On the other hand, keeping Arabidopsis roots in darkness alters F-actin distribution, polar localization of PIN proteins as well as polar transport of auxin. Several signaling components activated by phytohormones are overlapping with light-related signaling cascade. We demonstrated that the sensitivity of roots to salinity is altered in the light-grown Arabidopsis roots. Particularly, light-exposed roots are less effective in their salt-avoidance behavior known as root halotropism. Here we discuss these new aspects of light-mediated root behavior from cellular, physiological and evolutionary perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yokawa
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Tomoko Kagenishi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - František Baluška
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of BonnBonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: František Baluška, Department of Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany e-mail:
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Zhang KM, Li Z, Li Y, Li YH, Kong DZ, Wu RH. Carbohydrate accumulation may be the proximate trigger of anthocyanin biosynthesis under autumn conditions in Begonia semperflorens. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2013; 15:991-1000. [PMID: 23578316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many plant leaves appear red in the autumn, and many papers have focused on the environmental factors and role of anthocyanin in this process. However few papers have examined the substances that are induced during this process. We hypothesised that excess sugar accumulation directly induces anthocyanin accumulation under autumn conditions. Using two methods (restricting phloem movement and exogenous sucrose feeding), we found that both surplus photosynthate and exogenous sucrose could induce anthocyanin biosynthesis, corresponding to up-regulation of several enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone isomerase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl transferase) and in transport (glutathione S-transferase). Our results suggest that excess carbohydrate may be the proximate trigger for induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in autumn, but only when carbohydrates are accumulated for storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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PL1 fusion gene: a novel visual selectable marker gene that confers tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in transgenic tomato. Transgenic Res 2013; 21:1057-70. [PMID: 22315138 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Visual selectable markers, including the purple color caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins, have been proposed for use as antibiotic-free alternatives. However, the excessive accumulation of anthocyanins seriously inhibits the growth and development of transgenic plants. In our study, the AtDWF4 promoter from Arabidopsis and the tomato LeANT1 gene, encoding a MYB transcription factor, were used to construct the PL1 fusion gene to test whether it could be used as a visual selectable marker gene for tomato transformation. All the PL1 transgenic shoots exhibited intense purple color on shoot induction medium. In the transgenic tomato plants, PL1 was highly expressed in the cotyledons, but expressed only slightly in the true leaves and other organs. The expression of PL1 had no significantly adverse effects on the growth or development of the transgenic tomato plants, and conferred tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in them. With the “cut off green shoots” method, multiple independent 35S::GFP transgenic tomato lines were successfully obtained using PL1 as the selectable marker gene. These results suggest that PL1 has potential application of visual selectable marker gene for tomato transformation.
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Hughes NM, Carpenter KL, Cannon JG. Estimating contribution of anthocyanin pigments to osmotic adjustment during winter leaf reddening. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:230-3. [PMID: 23088891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The association between plant water stress and synthesis of red, anthocyanin pigments in leaves has led some plant biologists to propose an osmotic function of leaf reddening. According to this hypothesis, anthocyanins function as a solute in osmotic adjustment (OA), contributing to depression of osmotic potential (Ψ(π)) and maintenance of turgor pressure during drought-stressed conditions. Here we calculate the percent contribution of anthocyanin to leaf Ψ(π) during OA in two angiosperm evergreen species, Galax urceolata and Gaultheria procumbens. Both species exhibit dramatic leaf reddening under high light during winter, concomitant with declines in leaf water potential and accumulation of solutes. Data previously published by the authors on osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψ(π,100)) of G. urceolata and G. procumbens leaves before and after leaf reddening were used to estimate OA. In vivo molar concentrations of anthocyanin, glucose, fructose, and sucrose measured from the same individuals were converted to pressure equivalents using the Ideal Gas Law, and percent contribution to OA was estimated. Estimated mean OA during winter was -0.7MPa for G. urceolata and -0.8MPa for G. procumbens. In vivo concentrations of anthocyanin (3-10mM) were estimated to account for ∼2% of OA during winter, and comprised <0.7% of Ψ(π,100) in both species. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose combined accounted for roughly 50 and 80% of OA for G. urceolata and G. procumbens, respectively, and comprised ∼20% of Ψ(π,100). We observed that a co-occurring, acyanic species (Vinca minor) achieved similar OA without synthesizing anthocyanin. We conclude that anthocyanins represent a measurable, albeit meager, component of OA in red-leafed evergreen species during winter. However, due to their low concentrations, metabolic costliness relative to other osmolytes, and striking red color (unnecessary for an osmotic function), it is unlikely that they are synthesized solely for an osmoprotectant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hughes
- High Point University, Department of Biology, University Station 3591, High Point, NC 27262, USA.
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Misyura M, Colasanti J, Rothstein SJ. Physiological and genetic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana anthocyanin biosynthesis mutants under chronic adverse environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:229-40. [PMID: 23162120 PMCID: PMC3528034 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin production is a characteristic response of flowering plants to unfavourable environmental conditions. The potential roles of flavonoids and anthocyanins in plant growth were investigated by growing Arabidopsis thaliana anthocyanin production mutants (transparent testa) under limiting nitrogen and high light conditions. Inability to produce kaempferol or subsequent intermediate compounds by some transparent testa lines was correlated with less biomass accumulation in mature plants compared with wild-type control plants under all growth conditions tested. However, under both limiting nitrogen and high light chronic stress conditions, mutant lines defective in later steps of the anthocyanin production pathway produced the same or more biomass than wild-type plants. No difference in senescence between transparent testa and wild-type plants was found using chlorophyll catabolism and SAG12 expression measurements, and no mutants were impaired in the ability to remobilize nutrients from the vegetative to reproductive tissues. Moreover, the absence of anthocyanin and/or upstream flavonoids does not affect the ability of plants to respond to limiting nitrogen by reducing photosynthetic capacity. These results support a role for kaempferol and quercetin accumulation in normal plant growth and development. Further, the absence of anthocyanins has no effect on plant growth under the chronic stress conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Misyura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Joseph Colasanti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Steven J. Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Schulz P, Neukermans J, Van Der Kelen K, Mühlenbock P, Van Breusegem F, Noctor G, Teige M, Metzlaff M, Hannah MA. Chemical PARP inhibition enhances growth of Arabidopsis and reduces anthocyanin accumulation and the activation of stress protective mechanisms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37287. [PMID: 22662141 PMCID: PMC3360695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) post-translationally modifies proteins through the addition of ADP-ribose polymers, yet its role in modulating plant development and stress responses is only poorly understood. The experiments presented here address some of the gaps in our understanding of its role in stress tolerance and thereby provide new insights into tolerance mechanisms and growth. Using a combination of chemical and genetic approaches, this study characterized phenotypes associated with PARP inhibition at the physiological level. Molecular analyses including gene expression analysis, measurement of primary metabolites and redox metabolites were used to understand the underlying processes. The analysis revealed that PARP inhibition represses anthocyanin and ascorbate accumulation under stress conditions. The reduction in defense is correlated with enhanced biomass production. Even in unstressed conditions protective genes and molecules are repressed by PARP inhibition. The reduced anthocyanin production was shown to be based on the repression of transcription of key regulatory and biosynthesis genes. PARP is a key factor for understanding growth and stress responses of plants. PARP inhibition allows plants to reduce protection such as anthocyanin, ascorbate or Non-Photochemical-Quenching whilst maintaining high energy levels likely enabling the observed enhancement of biomass production under stress, opening interesting perspectives for increasing crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schulz
- Bayer CropScience NV, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenny Neukermans
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université de Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Per Mühlenbock
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Graham Noctor
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, Université de Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MFPL, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Hughes NM, Burkey KO, Cavender-Bares J, Smith WK. Xanthophyll cycle pigment and antioxidant profiles of winter-red (anthocyanic) and winter-green (acyanic) angiosperm evergreen species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1895-905. [PMID: 22162871 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of many angiosperm evergreen species change colour from green to red during winter, corresponding with the synthesis of anthocyanin pigments. The ecophysiological function of winter colour change (if any), and why it occurs in some species and not others, are not yet understood. It was hypothesized that anthocyanins play a compensatory photoprotective role in species with limited capacity for energy dissipation. Seasonal xanthophyll pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf nitrogen, and low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) of five winter-red and five winter-green angiosperm evergreen species were compared. Our results showed no difference in seasonal xanthophyll pigment content (V+A+Z g(-1) leaf dry mass) or LMWA between winter-red and winter-green species, indicating red-leafed species are not deficient in their capacity for non-photochemical energy dissipation via these mechanisms. Winter-red and winter-green species also did not differ in percentage leaf nitrogen, corroborating previous studies showing no difference in seasonal photosynthesis under saturating irradiance. Consistent with a photoprotective function of anthocyanin, winter-red species had significantly lower xanthophyll content per unit chlorophyll and less sustained photoinhibition than winter-green species (i.e. higher pre-dawn F(v)/F(m) and a lower proportion of de-epoxidized xanthophylls retained overnight). Red-leafed species also maintained a higher maximum quantum yield efficiency of PSII at midday (F'(v)/F'(m)) during winter, and showed characteristics of shade acclimation (positive correlation between anthocyanin and chlorophyll content, and negative correlation with chlorophyll a/b). These results suggest that the capacity for photon energy dissipation (photochemical and non-photochemical) is not limited in red-leafed species, and that anthocyanins more likely function as an alternative photoprotective strategy to increased VAZ/Chl during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hughes
- High Point University, Department of Biology, NC 27262, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Leaf reddening during autumn in senescing, deciduous tree species has received widespread attention from the public and in the scientific literature, whereas leaf reddening in evergreen species during winter remains largely ignored. Winter reddening can be observed in evergreen herbs, shrubs, vines and trees in Mediterranean, temperate, alpine, and arctic regions, and can persist for several months before dissipating with springtime warming. Yet, little is known about the functional significance of this colour change, or why it occurs in some species but not others. Here, the biochemistry, physiology and ecology associated with winter leaf reddening are reviewed, with special focus on its possible adaptive function. Photoprotection is currently the favoured hypothesis for winter reddening, but alternative explanations have scarcely been explored. Intraspecific reddening generally increases with sunlight incidence, and may also accompany photosynthetic inferiority in photosynthetically 'weak' (e.g. low-nitrogen) individuals. Red leaves tend to show symptoms of shade acclimation relative to green, consistent with a photoprotective function. However, winter-red and winter-green species often cohabitate the same high-light environments, and exhibit similar photosynthetic capacities. The factors dictating interspecific winter leaf colouration therefore remain unclear. Additional outstanding questions and future directions are also highlighted, and possible alternative functions of winter reddening discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hughes
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 271069-7325, USA.
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Tanino KK, Kalcsits L, Silim S, Kendall E, Gray GR. Temperature-driven plasticity in growth cessation and dormancy development in deciduous woody plants: a working hypothesis suggesting how molecular and cellular function is affected by temperature during dormancy induction. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:49-65. [PMID: 20191309 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of temperature during dormancy development is being reconsidered as more research emerges demonstrating that temperature can significantly influence growth cessation and dormancy development in woody plants. However, there are seemingly contradictory responses to warm and low temperature in the literature. This research/review paper aims to address this contradiction. The impact of temperature was examined in four poplar clones and two dogwood ecotypes with contrasting dormancy induction patterns. Under short day (SD) conditions, warm night temperature (WT) strongly accelerated timing of growth cessation leading to greater dormancy development and cold hardiness in poplar hybrids. In contrast, under long day (LD) conditions, low night temperature (LT) can completely bypass the short photoperiod requirement in northern but not southern dogwood ecotypes. These findings are in fact consistent with the literature in which both coniferous and deciduous woody plant species' growth cessation, bud set or dormancy induction are accelerated by temperature. The contradictions are addressed when photoperiod and ecotypes are taken into account in which the combination of either SD/WT (northern and southern ecotypes) or LD/LT (northern ecotypes only) are separated. Photoperiod insensitive types are driven to growth cessation by LT. Also consistent is the importance of night temperature in regulating these warm and cool temperature responses. However, the physiological basis for these temperature effects remain unclear. Changes in water content, binding and mobility are factors known to be associated with dormancy induction in woody plants. These were measured using non-destructive magnetic resonance micro-imaging (MRMI) in specific regions within lateral buds of poplar under SD/WT dormancing inducing conditions. Under SD/WT, dormancy was associated with restrictions in inter- or intracellular water movement between plant cells that reduces water mobility during dormancy development. Northern ecotypes of dogwood may be more tolerant to photoinhibition under the dormancy inducing LD/LT conditions compared to southern ecotypes. In this paper, we propose the existence of two separate, but temporally connected processes that contribute to dormancy development in some deciduous woody plant: one driven by photoperiod and influenced by moderate temperatures; the other driven by abiotic stresses, such as low temperature in combination with long photoperiods. The molecular changes corresponding to these two related but distinct responses to temperature during dormancy development in woody plants remains an investigative challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada.
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