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Petek-Petrik A, Petrík P, Lamarque LJ, Cochard H, Burlett R, Delzon S. Drought survival in conifer species is related to the time required to cross the stomatal safety margin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6847-6859. [PMID: 37681745 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of water loss and the spread of xylem embolism have mostly been considered separately. The development of an integrated approach taking into account the temporal dynamics and relative contributions of these mechanisms to plant drought responses is urgently needed. Do conifer species native to mesic and xeric environments display different hydraulic strategies and temporal sequences under drought? A dry-down experiment was performed on seedlings of four conifer species differing in embolism resistance, from drought-sensitive to extremely drought-resistant species. A set of traits related to drought survival was measured, including turgor loss point, stomatal closure, minimum leaf conductance, and xylem embolism resistance. All species reached full stomatal closure before the onset of embolism, with all but the most drought-sensitive species presenting large stomatal safety margins, demonstrating that highly drought-resistant species do not keep their stomata open under drought conditions. Plant dry-down time to death was significantly influenced by the xylem embolism threshold, stomatal safety margin, and minimum leaf conductance, and was best explained by the newly introduced stomatal margin retention index (SMRIΨ50) which reflects the time required to cross the stomatal safety margin. The SMRIΨ50 may become a key tool for the characterization of interspecific drought survival variability in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Petek-Petrik
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Petrík
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Laurent J Lamarque
- BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, F-33615 Pessac, France
- Département des Sciences de l'Environnement, UQTR, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Hervé Cochard
- PIAF, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régis Burlett
- BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, F-33615 Pessac, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, INRAE, F-33615 Pessac, France
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2
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Dai Y, Wang L, Wan X. Maintenance of xylem hydraulic function during winter in the woody bamboo Phyllostachys propinqua McClure. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15979. [PMID: 37719123 PMCID: PMC10504893 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Frost is a common environmental stress for temperate plants. Xylem embolism occurs in many overwintering plants due to freeze-thaw cycles, so coping with freeze-thaw-induced embolisms is essential for the survival of temperate plants. Methods This study was conducted on Phyllostachys propinqua McClure, a woody bamboo species that was grown under natural frost conditions to explore its responses to winter embolisms. From autumn to the following spring, the following measurements were recorded: predawn branch and leaf embolism, branch and leaf relative water content (RWC), root pressure and soil temperature, xylem sap osmotic potential, branch and leaf electrolyte leakage (EL), branch nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content and leaf net photosynthetic rate. Results P. propinqua had a mean vessel diameter of 68.95 ±1.27 µm but did not suffer severe winter embolism, peaking around 60% in winter (January), with a distinct reduction in March when root pressure returned. Leaves had a more severe winter embolism, up to 90%. Leaf RWC was much lower in winter, and leaf EL was significantly higher than branch EL in all seasons. Root pressure remained until November when soil temperature reached 9 °C, then appeared again in March when soil temperatures increased from -6 °C (January) to 11 °C. Xylem sap osmotic potential decreased from autumn to winter, reaching a minimum in March, and then increasing again. Soluble sugar (SS) concentration increased throughout the winter, peaked in March, and then decreased. Conclusions These results suggest that (1) there is a hydraulic segmentation between the stem and leaf, which could prevent stem water loss and further embolization in winter; (2) maintenance of root pressure in early winter played an important role in reducing the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the winter embolism; (3) the physiological process that resulted in a decrease in xylem sap osmotic potential and tissue water content, and an accumulation of SS associated with cold acclimation also aided in reducing the extent of freeze-thaw-induced embolism. All these strategies could be helpful for the maintenance of xylem hydraulic function of this bamboo species during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Dai
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Forestry, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xianchong Wan
- Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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3
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Nadal M, Carriquí M, Badel E, Cochard H, Delzon S, King A, Lamarque LJ, Flexas J, Torres-Ruiz JM. Photosynthesis, leaf hydraulic conductance and embolism dynamics in the resurrection plant Barbacenia purpurea. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14035. [PMID: 37882305 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The main parameters determining photosynthesis are stomatal and mesophyll conductance and electron transport rate, and for hydraulic dynamics they are leaf hydraulic conductance and the spread of embolism. These parameters have scarcely been studied in desiccation-tolerant (resurrection) plants exposed to drought. Here, we characterized photosynthesis and hydraulics during desiccation and rehydration in a poikilochlorophyllous resurrection plant, Barbacenia purpurea (Velloziaceae). Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf water status were monitored along the whole dehydration-rehydration cycle. Simultaneously, embolism formation and hydraulic functioning recovery were measured at leaf level using micro-computed tomography imaging. Photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance ceased at relatively high water potential (-1.28 and -1.54 MPa, respectively), whereas the onset of leaf embolism occurred after stomatal closure and photosynthesis cessation (<-1.61 MPa). This sequence of physiological processes during water stress may be associated with the need to delay dehydration, to prepare the molecular changes required in the desiccated state. Complete rehydration occurred rapidly in the mesophyll, whereas partial xylem refilling, and subsequent recovery of photosynthesis, occurred at later stages after rewatering. These results highlight the importance of stomata as safety valves to protect the vascular system from embolism, even in a plant able to fully recover after complete embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Nadal
- Departamento de Sistemas Agrícolas, Forestales y Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marc Carriquí
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Badel
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Andrew King
- Synchrotron Source Optimisée de Lumière d'Energie Intermédiaire du LURE, L'Orme de Merisiers, France
| | | | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Institut d'Investigacions Agroambientals i d'Economia de l'Aigua (INAGEA), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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4
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Lamarque LJ, Delmas CEL, Charrier G, Burlett R, Dell'Acqua N, Pouzoulet J, Gambetta GA, Delzon S. Quantifying the grapevine xylem embolism resistance spectrum to identify varieties and regions at risk in a future dry climate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7724. [PMID: 37173393 PMCID: PMC10181993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining wine production under global warming partly relies on optimizing the choice of plant material for a given viticultural region and developing drought-resistant cultivars. However, progress in these directions is hampered by the lack of understanding of differences in drought resistance among Vitis genotypes. We investigated patterns of xylem embolism vulnerability within and among 30 Vitis species and sub-species (varieties) from different locations and climates, and assessed the risk of drought vulnerability in 329 viticultural regions worldwide. Within a variety, vulnerability to embolism decreased during summer. Among varieties, we have found wide variations in drought resistance of the vascular system in grapevines. This is particularly the case within Vitis vinifera, with varieties distributed across four clusters of embolism vulnerability. Ugni blanc and Chardonnay featured among the most vulnerable, while Pinot noir, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon ranked among the most resistant. Regions possibly at greater risk of being vulnerable to drought, such as Poitou-Charentes, France and Marlborough, New Zealand, do not necessarily have arid climates, but rather bear a significant proportion of vulnerable varieties. We demonstrate that grapevine varieties may not respond equally to warmer and drier conditions, and highlight that hydraulic traits are key to improve viticulture suitability under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent J Lamarque
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615, Pessac, France.
- Département des Sciences de l'Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Guillaume Charrier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Régis Burlett
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615, Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Gregory A Gambetta
- EGFV, Bordeaux-Sciences Agro, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615, Pessac, France
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5
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Jin Y, Hao G, Hammond WM, Yu K, Liu X, Ye Q, Zhou Z, Wang C. Aridity-dependent sequence of water potentials for stomatal closure and hydraulic dysfunctions in woody plants. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2030-2040. [PMID: 36655297 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of physiological events during drought strongly impacts plants' overall performance. Here, we synthesized the global data of stomatal and hydraulic traits in leaves and stems of 202 woody species to evaluate variations in the water potentials for key physiological events and their sequence along the climatic gradient. We found that the seasonal minimum water potential, turgor loss point, stomatal closure point, and leaf and stem xylem vulnerability to embolism were intercorrelated and decreased with aridity, indicating that water stress drives trait co-selection. In xeric regions, the seasonal minimum water potential occurred at lower water potential than turgor loss point, and the subsequent stomatal closure delayed embolism formation. In mesic regions, however, the seasonal minimum water potential did not pose a threat to the physiological functions, and stomatal closure occurred even at slightly more negative water potential than embolism. Our study demonstrates that the sequence of water potentials for physiological dysfunctions of woody plants varies with aridity, that is, xeric species adopt a more conservative sequence to prevent severe tissue damage through tighter stomatal regulation (isohydric strategy) and higher embolism resistance, while mesic species adopt a riskier sequence via looser stomatal regulation (anisohydric strategy) to maximize carbon uptake at the cost of hydraulic safety. Integrating both aridity-dependent sequence of water potentials for physiological dysfunctions and gap between these key traits into the hydraulic framework of process-based vegetation models would improve the prediction of woody plants' responses to drought under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Center for Ecological Research, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyou Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Center for Ecological Research, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Center for Ecological Research, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Gebauer R, Urban J, Volařík D, Matoušková M, Vitásek R, Houšková K, Hurt V, Pantová P, Polívková T, Plichta R. Does leaf gas exchange correlate with petiole xylem structural traits in Ulmus laevis seedlings under well-watered and drought stress conditions? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2534-2545. [PMID: 35866300 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that petiole xylem structure could be an important predictor of leaf gas exchange capacity, but the question of how petiole xylem structure relates to leaf gas exchange under different environment conditions remains unresolved. Moreover, knowledge of the amount of leaf gas exchange and structural variation that exists within a single species is also limited. In this study, we investigated the intraspecies coordination of leaf gas exchange and petiole xylem traits in 2-year-old seedlings of Ulmus laevis Pall. under well-watered and drought conditions. It was found that all studied petiole xylem traits of the elm seedlings were positively correlated with each other. This shows that the development of petiole xylem structure is internally well-coordinated. Nevertheless, the lower correlation coefficients between some petiole xylem traits indicate that the coordination is also individually driven. Drought stress reduced all studied leaf gas exchange traits and significantly increased intraspecies variation. In addition, drought stress also shifted the relationships between physiological traits and exhibited more structure-function relationships. This indicates the importance of petiole xylem structure in dictating water loss during drought stress and could partly explain the inconsistencies between leaf structure-function relationships studied under optimal conditions. Although several structure-function traits were related, the wide ranges of correlation coefficients indicate that the internal coordination of these traits substantially differs between individual elm seedlings. These findings are very important in the context of expected climatic change, as some degree of intraspecies variation in structure-function relationships could ensure the survival of some individuals under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Gebauer
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Urban
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Study, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 79 Svobodny prospect, 66004, Russia
| | - Daniel Volařík
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Matoušková
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Vitásek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Houšková
- Department of Silviculture, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hurt
- The Czech Republic Nursery Association, z.s., Wolkerova 37/17, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pantová
- Department of Silviculture, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Terezie Polívková
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 3, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Álvarez-Maldini C, Acevedo M, Estay D, Aros F, Dumroese RK, Sandoval S, Pinto M. Examining physiological, water relations, and hydraulic vulnerability traits to determine anisohydric and isohydric behavior in almond ( Prunus dulcis) cultivars: Implications for selecting agronomic cultivars under changing climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:974050. [PMID: 36092408 PMCID: PMC9453546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The search for drought tolerant species or cultivars is important to address water scarcity caused by climate change in Mediterranean regions. The anisohydric-isohydric behavior concept has been widely used to describe stomatal regulation during drought, simply in terms of variation of minimal water potential (Ψmin) in relation to pre-dawn water potential (Ψpd). However, its simplicity has sometimes failed to deliver consistent results in describing a complex behavior that results from the coordination of several plant functional traits. While Prunus dulcis (almond) is known as a drought tolerant species, little information is available regarding consistent metrics to discriminate among cultivars or the mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in almond. Here we show a sequence of plant stomatal, hydraulic, and wilting responses to drought in almonds, and the main differences between anisohydric and isohydric cultivars. In a pot desiccation experiment we observed that stomatal closure in P. dulcis is not driven by loss in turgor or onset of xylem cavitation, but instead, occurs early in response to decreasing Ψmin that could be related to the protection of the integrity of the hydraulic system, independently of cultivar. Also, we report that anisohydric cultivars of P. dulcis are characterized by maximum stomatal conductance, lower water potentials for stomatal closure and turgor loss, and lower vulnerability to xylem cavitation, which are traits that correlated with metrics to discriminate anisohydric and isohydric behavior. Our results demonstrate that P. dulcis presents a strategy to avoid cavitation by closing stomata during the early stages of drought. Future research should also focus on below-ground hydraulic traits, which could trigger stomatal closure in almond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Álvarez-Maldini
- Instituto Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Campus Colchagua, Universidad de O′Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Manuel Acevedo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, Instituto Forestal, Sede Biobío, San Pedro de la Paz, Chile
| | - Daniela Estay
- Instituto Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Campus Colchagua, Universidad de O′Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Fabián Aros
- Instituto Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Campus Colchagua, Universidad de O′Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | - R. Kasten Dumroese
- United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Simón Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Modelamiento de Geoinformación, Departamento de Manejo de Bosques y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Manuel Pinto
- Instituto Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3), Campus Colchagua, Universidad de O′Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
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Nuances of Responses to Two Sources of Grapevine Leafroll Disease on Pinot Noir Grown in the Field for 17 Years. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061333. [PMID: 35746804 PMCID: PMC9227476 DOI: 10.3390/v14061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is one of the most economically damaging virus diseases in grapevine, with grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) as the main contributors. This study complements a previously published transcriptomic analysis and compared the impact of two different forms of GLD to a symptomless control treatment: a mildly symptomatic form infected with GLRaV-1 and a severe form with exceptionally early leafroll symptoms (up to six weeks before veraison) infected with GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3. Vine physiology and fruit composition in 17-year-old Pinot noir vines were measured and a gradient of vigor, yield, and berry quality (sugar content and berry weight) was observed between treatments. Virome composition, confirmed by individual RT-PCR, was compared with biological indexing. Three divergent viromes were recovered, containing between four to seven viruses and two viroids. They included the first detection of grapevine asteroid mosaic-associated virus in Switzerland. This virus did not cause obvious symptoms on the indicators used in biological indexing. Moreover, the presence of grapevine virus B (GVB) did not cause the expected corky bark symptoms on the indicators, thus underlining the important limitations of the biological indexing. Transmission of GLRaV-3 alone or in combination with GVB by Planococcus comstocki mealybug did not reproduce the strong symptoms observed on the donor plant infected with a severe form of GLD. This result raises questions about the contribution of each virus to the symptomatology of the plant.
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9
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Jacob V, Choat B, Churchill AC, Zhang H, Barton CVM, Krishnananthaselvan A, Post AK, Power SA, Medlyn BE, Tissue DT. High safety margins to drought-induced hydraulic failure found in five pasture grasses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1631-1646. [PMID: 35319101 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Determining the relationship between reductions in stomatal conductance (gs ) and leaf water transport during dehydration is key to understanding plant drought responses. While numerous studies have analysed the hydraulic function of woody species, minimal research has been conducted on grasses. Here, we sought to characterize hydraulic vulnerability in five widely-occurring pasture grasses (including both C3 and C4 grasses) and determine whether reductions in gs and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) during dehydration could be attributed to xylem embolism. Using the optical vulnerability (OV) technique, we found that all species were highly resistant to xylem embolism when compared to other herbaceous angiosperms, with 50% xylem embolism (PX50 ) occurring at xylem pressures ranging from -4.4 to -6.1 MPa. We observed similar reductions in gs and Kleaf under mild water stress for all species, occurring well before PX50 . The onset of xylem embolism (PX12 ) occurred consistently after stomatal closure and 90% reduction of Kleaf . Our results suggest that factors other than xylem embolism are responsible for the majority of reductions in gs and Kleaf during drought and reductions in the productivity of pasture species under moderate drought may not be driven by embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Jacob
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan Choat
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Haiyang Zhang
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Alison K Post
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sally A Power
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David T Tissue
- Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Song J, Trueba S, Yin XH, Cao KF, Brodribb TJ, Hao GY. Hydraulic vulnerability segmentation in compound-leaved trees: Evidence from an embolism visualization technique. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:204-214. [PMID: 35099552 PMCID: PMC9070814 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The hydraulic vulnerability segmentation (HVS) hypothesis implies the existence of differences in embolism resistance between plant organs along the xylem pathway and has been suggested as an adaptation allowing the differential preservation of more resource-rich tissues during drought stress. Compound leaves in trees are considered a low-cost means of increasing leaf area and may thus be expected to show evidence of strong HVS, given the tendency of compound-leaved tree species to shed their leaf units during drought. However, the existence and role of HVS in compound-leaved tree species during drought remain uncertain. We used an optical visualization technique to estimate embolism occurrence in stems, petioles, and leaflets of shoots in two compound-leaved tree species, Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) and Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica). We found higher (less negative) water potentials corresponding to 50% loss of conductivity (P50) in leaflets and petioles than in stems in both species. Overall, we observed a consistent pattern of stem > petiole > leaflet in terms of xylem resistance to embolism and hydraulic safety margins (i.e. the difference between mid-day water potential and P50). The coordinated variation in embolism vulnerability between organs suggests that during drought conditions, trees benefit from early embolism and subsequent shedding of more expendable organs such as leaflets and petioles, as this provides a degree of protection to the integrity of the hydraulic system of the more carbon costly stems. Our results highlight the importance of HVS as an adaptive mechanism of compound-leaved trees to withstand drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management & Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Environmental and Geographical Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Yangtze River Delta National Observatory of Wetland Ecosystem, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Santiago Trueba
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Xiao-Han Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management & Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Liaoning Province, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Plant Ecophysiology and Evolution Group, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, and College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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11
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Meunier F, Couvreur V, Draye X, Lobet G, Huber K, Schroeder N, Jorda H, Koch A, Landl M, Schnepf A, Vanderborght J, Vereecken H, Javaux M. Investigating Soil-Root Interactions with the Numerical Model R-SWMS. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2395:259-283. [PMID: 34822158 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1816-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we present the Root and Soil Water Movement and Solute transport model R-SWMS, which can be used to simulate flow and transport in the soil-plant system. The equations describing water flow in soil-root systems are presented and numerical solutions are provided. An application of R-SWMS is then briefly discussed, in which we combine in vivo and in silico experiments in order to decrypt water flow in the soil-root domain. More precisely, light transmission imaging experiments were conducted to generate data that can serve as input for the R-SWMS model. These data include the root system architecture, the soil hydraulic properties and the environmental conditions (initial soil water content and boundary conditions, BC). Root hydraulic properties were not acquired experimentally, but set to theoretical values found in the literature. In order to validate the results obtained by the model, the simulated and experimental water content distributions were compared. The model was then used to estimate variables that were not experimentally accessible, such as the actual root water uptake distribution and xylem water potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félicien Meunier
- Earth and Life Institute/Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- Earth and Life Institute/Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Xavier Draye
- Earth and Life Institute/Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Lobet
- Earth and Life Institute/Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Huber
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schroeder
- Earth and Life Institute/Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Hydromechanics and Modelling of Hydrosystems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Helena Jorda
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Axelle Koch
- Earth and Life Institute/Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Landl
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schnepf
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Vanderborght
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mathieu Javaux
- Earth and Life Institute/Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, Belgium.
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
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12
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Lozano YM, Aguilar-Trigueros CA, Roy J, Rillig MC. Drought induces shifts in soil fungal communities that can be linked to root traits across 24 plant species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1917-1929. [PMID: 34480754 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Root traits respond to drought in a species-specific manner, but little is known about how soil fungal communities and root traits respond to drought in concert. In a glasshouse experiment, we determined the response of soil pathogens, saprotrophs, and mutualistic and all fungi associated with the roots of 24 plant species subjected to drought. At harvest, soil fungal communities were characterized by sequencing. Data on root traits were extracted from a previously published work. Differences in fungal beta diversity between drought and control were plant species specific. For some species, saprotrophic fungi increased in relative abundance and richness with drought, whereas mutualistic fungi showed the opposite pattern. Community structure of pathogenic fungi was plant species specific but was slightly affected by drought. Pathogen composition was correlated with specific root surface area and root : shoot, saprotroph abundance with root tissue density, whereas mutualist composition was correlated with root : shoot. All these were the fungal attributes that best predicted shoot mass. Fungal response to drought depended highly on the fungal group and was related to root trait adjustments to water scarcity. This provides new insights into the role that root trait adjustments to drought may have in modulating plant-fungus interactions in grasslands ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi M Lozano
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Trigueros
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Roy
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Jupa R, Krabičková D, Plichta R, Mayr S, Gloser V. Do angiosperm tree species adjust intervessel lateral contact in response to soil drought? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2048-2058. [PMID: 33876443 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During soil drought (i.e. limited soil water availability to plants), woody species may adjust the structure of their vessel network to improve their resistance against future soil drought stress. Impacts of soil drought on intervessel lateral contact remain poorly understood despite of its significance to xylem transport efficiency and safety. Here, we analysed drought-induced modifications in xylem structures of temperate angiosperm trees with a focus on intervessel lateral contact. Anatomical analyses were performed both in stems of seedlings cultivated under different substrate water availability and annual rings of mature individuals developed during years of low and high soil drought intensities. In response to limited water availability, a decrease in vessel diameter (up to -20%) and simultaneous increase in vessel density (up to +60%) were observed both in seedlings and mature trees. Conversely, there were only small and inconsistent drought-induced changes in intervessel contact frequency and intervessel contact fraction (typically up to ±15%) observed across species, indicating that intervessel lateral contact is a conservative trait. The small adjustments in intervessel lateral contacts were primarily driven by changes in the contact frequencies between neighbouring vessels (i.e. vessel grouping) rather than by changes in proportions of shared cell walls. Our results demonstrate that angiosperm tree species, despite remarkable adjustments in vessel dimensions and densities upon soil drought, exhibit surprisingly invariant intervessel lateral contact architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Jupa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Krabičková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Plichta
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vít Gloser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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MacMillan P, Teixeira G, Lopes CM, Monteiro A. The role of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical traits in determining capacity for coping with abiotic stresses: a review. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/ctv2021360175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, there are thousands of Vitis vinifera grape cultivars used for wine production, creating a large morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular diversity that needs to be further characterised and explored, with a focus on their capacity to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. This knowledge can then be used to select better adapted genotypes in order to help face the challenges of the expected climate changes in the near future. It will also assist grape growers in choosing the most suitable cultivar(s) for each terroir; with adaptation to drought and heat stresses being a fundamental characteristic. The leaf blade of grapevines is the most exposed organ to abiotic stresses, therefore its study regarding the tolerance to water and heat stress is becoming particularly important, mainly in Mediterranean viticulture. This review focuses on grapevine leaf morphoanatomy - leaf blade form, leaf epidermis characteristics (cuticle, indumentum, pavement cells and stomata) and anatomy of mesophyll - and their adaptation to abiotic stresses. V. vinifera xylem architecture and its adaptation capacity when the grapevine is subjected to water stress is also highlighted since grapevines have been observed to exhibit a large variability in responses to water availability. The hydraulic properties of the petiole, shoot and trunk are also reviewed. Summarising, this paper reviews recent advances related to the adaptation of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical features and hydraulic architecture to abiotic stresses, mainly water and heat stress, induced primarily by an ever-changing global climate.
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15
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Albuquerque C, Scoffoni C, Brodersen CR, Buckley TN, Sack L, McElrone AJ. Coordinated decline of leaf hydraulic and stomatal conductances under drought is not linked to leaf xylem embolism for different grapevine cultivars. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7286-7300. [PMID: 33306796 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought decreases water transport capacity of leaves and limits gas exchange, which involves reduced leaf leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in both the xylem and outside-xylem pathways. Some literature suggests that grapevines are hyper-susceptible to drought-induced xylem embolism. We combined Kleaf and gas exchange measurements, micro-computed tomography of intact leaves, and spatially explicit modeling of the outside-xylem pathways to evaluate the role of vein embolism and Kleaf in the responses of two different grapevine cultivars to drought. Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay exhibited similar vulnerabilities of Kleaf and gs to dehydration, decreasing substantially prior to leaf xylem embolism. Kleaf and gs decreased by 80% for both cultivars by Ψ leaf approximately -0.7 MPa and -1.2 MPa, respectively, while leaf xylem embolism initiated around Ψ leaf = -1.25 MPa in the midribs and little to no embolism was detected in minor veins even under severe dehydration for both cultivars. Modeling results indicated that reduced membrane permeability associated with a Casparian-like band in the leaf vein bundle sheath would explain declines in Kleaf of both cultivars. We conclude that during moderate water stress, changes in the outside-xylem pathways, rather than xylem embolism, are responsible for reduced Kleaf and gs. Understanding this mechanism could help to ensure adequate carbon capture and crop performance under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano Albuquerque
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, CA, USA
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Lozano YM, Aguilar‐Trigueros CA, Flaig IC, Rillig MC. Root trait responses to drought are more heterogeneous than leaf trait responses. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudi M. Lozano
- Plant Ecology Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Carlos A. Aguilar‐Trigueros
- Plant Ecology Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Isabel C. Flaig
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Plant Ecology Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
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17
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Carrasco-Quiroz M, Martínez-Gil AM, Gutiérrez-Gamboa G, Moreno-Simunovic Y. Effect of rootstocks on volatile composition of Merlot wines. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3517-3524. [PMID: 32202325 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scion physiology and grape quality are impacted by rootstock choice. There is little available information about the effects of rootstock on wine volatile composition, particularly when comparing grafted with own-rooted grapevines. This field trial was aimed at studying the influence of rootstock choice on volatile composition of Merlot wines. RESULTS Wines made from grapes harvested from own-rooted grapevines had the lowest content of (E)-3-hexenol, diethyl succinate and total ethyl esters and the highest content of 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, diethyl malate and acetovanillone. Rootstocks such as 99R and 140Ru led to a higher content of total ethyl esters in wines followed by 110R, 1103P and Gravesac. According to odor activity values, Merlot wines were characterized by roses, sweat, cheese and banana aromas. CONCLUSIONS This work provides valuable information about the potential impact of rootstocks on wine volatile composition for Merlot wines. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marioli Carrasco-Quiroz
- Departamento de Horticultura, Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ana María Martínez-Gil
- Departamento de Horticultura, Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
- Departamento de Horticultura, Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Yerko Moreno-Simunovic
- Departamento de Horticultura, Centro Tecnológico de la Vid y el Vino, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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18
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Lozano YM, Rillig MC. Effects of Microplastic Fibers and Drought on Plant Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6166-6173. [PMID: 32289223 PMCID: PMC7241422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in soils can affect plant performance, as shown in studies using individual plants. However, we currently have no information about potential effects on plant community productivity and structure. In a plant community consisting of seven plant species that co-occur in temperate grassland ecosystems, we thus investigated the effect of microplastics (i.e., microfibers) and drought, a factor with which microfibers might interact, on plant productivity and community structure. Our results showed that at the community level, shoot and root mass decreased with drought but increased with microfibers, an effect likely linked to reduced soil bulk density, improved aeration, and better penetration of roots in the soil. Additionally, we observed that microfibers affected plant community structure. Species such as Calamagrostis, invasive in Europe, and the allelophatic Hieracium, became more dominant with microfibers, while species that potentially have the ability to facilitate the establishment of other plant species (e.g., Holcus), decreased in biomass. As microfibers affect plant species dominance, the examination of cascade effects on ecosystem functions should be a high priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi M. Lozano
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology,
Plant Ecology, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg
Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Freie
Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology,
Plant Ecology, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg
Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Cao X, Shen Q, Liu L, Cheng J. Relationships of growth, stable carbon isotope composition and anatomical properties of leaf and xylem in seven mulberry cultivars: a hint towards drought tolerance. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:287-297. [PMID: 31677322 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fast growth of mulberry depends on high water consumption, but considerable variations in drought tolerance exist across different cultivars. Physiological and anatomical mechanisms are important to plant survival under drought. However, few research efforts have been made to reveal the relationships of these two aspects in relation to drought tolerance. In this study, growth rates, leaf functional physiology and anatomical characteristics of leaf and xylem of 1-year-old saplings of seven mulberry cultivars at a common garden were compared. Their relationships were also explored. Growth, leaf physiology and anatomy were significantly different among the tested cultivars. Foliar stable carbon isotope composition (δ13 C) was negatively correlated with growth rates, and closely related to several leaf and xylem anatomical traits. Particularly, leaf thickness, predicted hydraulic conductivity and vessel element length jointly contributed 77% of the variability in δ13 C. Cultivar Wupu had small stomata, intermediate leaf thickness, the smallest hydraulically weighted vessel diameter and highest vessel number, and higher δ13 C; Yunguo1 had high abaxial stomatal density, low specific leaf area, moderate hydraulic conductivity and δ13 C; these are beneficial features to reduce leaf water loss and drought-induced xylem embolism in arid areas. Cultivar Liaolu11 had contrasting physiological and anatomical traits compared with the previous two cultivars, suggesting that it might be sensitive to drought. Our findings indicate that growth and δ13 C are closely associated with both leaf and xylem anatomical characteristics in mulberry, which provides fundamental information to assist evaluation of drought tolerance in mulberry cultivars and in other woody trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cao
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Shen
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Liu
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Cheng
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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20
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Falchi R, Petrussa E, Braidot E, Sivilotti P, Boscutti F, Vuerich M, Calligaro C, Filippi A, Herrera JC, Sabbatini P, Zancani M, Nardini A, Peterlunger E, Casolo V. Analysis of Non-Structural Carbohydrates and Xylem Anatomy of Leaf Petioles Offers New Insights in the Drought Response of Two Grapevine Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1457. [PMID: 32093416 PMCID: PMC7073087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In grapevine, the anatomy of xylem conduits and the non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) content of the associated living parenchyma are expected to influence water transport under water limitation. In fact, both NSC and xylem features play a role in plant recovery from drought stress. We evaluated these traits in petioles of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Syrah (SY) cultivars during water stress (WS) and recovery. In CS, the stress response was associated to NSC consumption, supporting the hypothesis that starch mobilization is related to an increased supply of maltose and sucrose, putatively involved in drought stress responses at the xylem level. In contrast, in SY, the WS-induced increase in the latter soluble NSCs was maintained even 2 days after re-watering, suggesting a different pattern of utilization of NSC resources. Interestingly, the anatomical analysis revealed that conduits are constitutively wider in SY in well-watered (WW) plants, and that water stress led to the production of narrower conduits only in this cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Falchi
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisa Petrussa
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrico Braidot
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Paolo Sivilotti
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Francesco Boscutti
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Marco Vuerich
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Carla Calligaro
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonio Filippi
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - José Carlos Herrera
- Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz Straβe 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Marco Zancani
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Licio Giorgieri, 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
| | - Valentino Casolo
- Department of Agricultural Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy; (R.F.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (P.S.); (F.B.); (M.V.); (C.C.); (A.F.); (M.Z.); (E.P.)
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21
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Li X, Smith R, Choat B, Tissue DT. Drought resistance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is promoted by early stomatal closure and leaf shedding. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:91-98. [PMID: 31825787 DOI: 10.1071/fp19093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Water relations have been well documented in tree species, but relatively little is known about the hydraulic characteristics of crops. Here, we report on the hydraulic strategy of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Leaf gas exchange and in vivo embolism formation were monitored simultaneously on plants that were dried down in situ under controlled environment conditions, and xylem vulnerability to embolism of leaves, stems and roots was measured using intact plants. Water potential inducing 50% embolised vessels (P50) in leaves was significantly higher (less negative) than P50 of stems and roots, suggesting that leaves were the most vulnerable organ to embolism. Furthermore, the water potential generating stomatal closure (Pgs) was higher than required to generate embolism formation, and complete stomatal closure always preceded the onset of embolism with declining soil water content. Although protracted drought resulted in massive leaf shedding, stem embolism remained minimal even after ~90% leaf area was lost. Overall, cotton maintained hydraulic integrity during long-term drought stress through early stomatal closure and leaf shedding, thus exhibiting a drought avoidance strategy. Given that water potentials triggering xylem embolism are uncommon under field conditions, cotton is unlikely to experience hydraulic dysfunction except under extreme climates. Results of this study provide physiological evidence for drought resistance in cotton with regard to hydraulics, and may provide guidance in developing irrigation schedules during periods of water shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Li
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Renee Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; and Corresponding author.
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Creek D, Lamarque LJ, Torres-Ruiz JM, Parise C, Burlett R, Tissue DT, Delzon S. Xylem embolism in leaves does not occur with open stomata: evidence from direct observations using the optical visualization technique. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1151-1159. [PMID: 31641746 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought represents a major abiotic constraint to plant growth and survival. On the one hand, plants keep stomata open for efficient carbon assimilation while, on the other hand, they close them to prevent permanent hydraulic impairment from xylem embolism. The order of occurrence of these two processes (stomatal closure and the onset of leaf embolism) during plant dehydration has remained controversial, largely due to methodological limitations. However, the newly developed optical visualization method now allows concurrent monitoring of stomatal behaviour and leaf embolism formation in intact plants. We used this new approach directly by dehydrating intact saplings of three contrasting tree species and indirectly by conducting a literature survey across a greater range of plant taxa. Our results indicate that increasing water stress generates the onset of leaf embolism consistently after stomatal closure, and that the lag time between these processes (i.e. the safety margin) rises with increasing embolism resistance. This suggests that during water stress, embolism-mediated declines in leaf hydraulic conductivity are unlikely to act as a signal for stomatal down-regulation. Instead, these species converge towards a strategy of closing stomata early to prevent water loss and delay catastrophic xylem dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Creek
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Regis Burlett
- BIOGECO, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Coupel-Ledru A, Pallas B, Delalande M, Boudon F, Carrié E, Martinez S, Regnard JL, Costes E. Multi-scale high-throughput phenotyping of apple architectural and functional traits in orchard reveals genotypic variability under contrasted watering regimes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:52. [PMID: 31044079 PMCID: PMC6491481 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite previous reports on the genotypic variation of architectural and functional traits in fruit trees, phenotyping large populations in the field remains challenging. In this study, we used high-throughput phenotyping methods on an apple tree core-collection (1000 individuals) grown under contrasted watering regimes. First, architectural phenotyping was achieved using T-LiDAR scans for estimating convex and alpha hull volumes and the silhouette to total leaf area ratio (STAR). Second, a semi-empirical index (I PL) was computed from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, as a proxy for leaf photosynthesis. Last, thermal infrared and multispectral airborne imaging was used for computing canopy temperature variations, water deficit, and vegetation indices. All traits estimated by these methods were compared to low-throughput in planta measurements. Vegetation indices and alpha hull volumes were significantly correlated with tree leaf area and trunk cross sectional area, while I PL values showed strong correlations with photosynthesis measurements collected on an independent leaf dataset. By contrast, correlations between stomatal conductance and canopy temperature estimated from airborne images were lower, emphasizing discrepancies across measurement scales. High heritability values were obtained for almost all the traits except leaf photosynthesis, likely due to large intra-tree variation. Genotypic means were used in a clustering procedure that defined six classes of architectural and functional combinations. Differences between groups showed several combinations between architectural and functional traits, suggesting independent genetic controls. This study demonstrates the feasibility and relevance of combining multi-scale high-throughput methods and paves the way to explore the genetic bases of architectural and functional variations in woody crops in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Coupel-Ledru
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Present Address: University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Life Science Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ UK
| | - Benoît Pallas
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Magalie Delalande
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Boudon
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CIRAD, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Emma Carrié
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sébastien Martinez
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Luc Regnard
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Evelyne Costes
- UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Munitz S, Netzer Y, Shtein I, Schwartz A. Water availability dynamics have long-term effects on mature stem structure in Vitis vinifera. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1443-1452. [PMID: 30168862 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The stem of Vitis vinifera, a climbing vine of global economic importance, is characterized by both wide and narrow vessels and high specific hydraulic conductivity. While the effect of drought stress has been studied in 1- and 2-yr-old stems, there are few data documenting effects of drought stress on the anatomical structure of the mature, woody stem near the base of the vine. Here we describe mature wood anatomical responses to two irrigation regimes on wood anatomy and specific hydraulic conductivity in Vitis vinifera Merlot vines. METHODS For 4 years, irrigation was applied constantly at low, medium, or high levels, or at alternating levels at two different periods during the growing season, either early spring or late summer, resulting in late season or early spring deficits, respectively. The following variables were measured: trunk diameter, annual ring width and area, vessel diameter, specific hydraulic conductivity and stem water potential. KEY RESULTS High water availability early in the season (late deficit) resulted in vigorous vegetative growth (greater trunk diameter, ring width and area), wider vessels and increased specific hydraulic conductivity. High water availability early in the season caused a shift of the vessel population towards the wider frequency classes. These late deficit vines showed more negative water potential values late in the season than vines that received low but relatively constant irrigation. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that high water availability during vegetative growth period of Vitis increases vessels diameter and hydraulic conductivity and causes the vines to be more vulnerable to drought stress late in the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarel Munitz
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- The Eastern Regional Research and Development Center, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Yishai Netzer
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- The Eastern Regional Research and Development Center, Ariel, 40700, Israel
- Biotech engineering department, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Ilana Shtein
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- The Eastern Regional Research and Development Center, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Amnon Schwartz
- R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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25
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Zhu J, Dai Z, Vivin P, Gambetta GA, Henke M, Peccoux A, Ollat N, Delrot S. A 3-D functional-structural grapevine model that couples the dynamics of water transport with leaf gas exchange. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:833-848. [PMID: 29293870 PMCID: PMC5906973 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Predicting both plant water status and leaf gas exchange under various environmental conditions is essential for anticipating the effects of climate change on plant growth and productivity. This study developed a functional-structural grapevine model which combines a mechanistic understanding of stomatal function and photosynthesis at the leaf level (i.e. extended Farqhuhar-von Caemmerer-Berry model) and the dynamics of water transport from soil to individual leaves (i.e. Tardieu-Davies model). Methods The model included novel features that account for the effects of xylem embolism (fPLC) on leaf hydraulic conductance and residual stomatal conductance (g0), variable root and leaf hydraulic conductance, and the microclimate of individual organs. The model was calibrated with detailed datasets of leaf photosynthesis, leaf water potential, xylem sap abscisic acid (ABA) concentration and hourly whole-plant transpiration observed within a soil drying period, and validated with independent datasets of whole-plant transpiration under both well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Key Results The model well captured the effects of radiation, temperature, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit on leaf photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential, and correctly reproduced the diurnal pattern and decline of water flux within the soil drying period. In silico analyses revealed that decreases in g0 with increasing fPLC were essential to avoid unrealistic drops in leaf water potential under severe water stress. Additionally, by varying the hydraulic conductance along the pathway (e.g. root and leaves) and changing the sensitivity of stomatal conductance to ABA and leaf water potential, the model can produce different water use behaviours (i.e. iso- and anisohydric). Conclusions The robust performance of this model allows for modelling climate effects from individual plants to fields, and for modelling plants with complex, non-homogenous canopies. In addition, the model provides a basis for future modelling efforts aimed at describing the physiology and growth of individual organs in relation to water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhu
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Zhanwu Dai
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Philippe Vivin
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Gregory A Gambetta
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Michael Henke
- Department of Ecoinformatics, Biometrics and Forest Growth, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anthony Peccoux
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Ollat
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Serge Delrot
- EGFV, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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26
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Klein T, Zeppel MJB, Anderegg WRL, Bloemen J, De Kauwe MG, Hudson P, Ruehr NK, Powell TL, von Arx G, Nardini A. Xylem embolism refilling and resilience against drought-induced mortality in woody plants: processes and trade-offs. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Reynard JS, Brodard J, Dubuis N, Zufferey V, Schumpp O, Schaerer S, Gugerli P. Grapevine red blotch virus: Absence in Swiss Vineyards and Analysis of Potential Detrimental Effect on Viticultural Performance. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:651-655. [PMID: 30673492 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-17-1069-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is a recently described virus that infects grapevine. Little information is available on the possible occurrence and distribution outside North America. Therefore, we surveyed commercial vineyards from the three major grape-growing regions in Switzerland to determine the presence or absence of GRBV. In total, 3,062 vines were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. None of the vines tested positive for GRBV, suggesting the absence of GRBV from Swiss vineyards. We also investigated whether GRBV was present in 653 grapevine accessions in the Agroscope grapevine virus collection at Nyon, including dominantly Swiss (457) but also international accessions. Only six referential accessions were infected by GRBV, all originating from the United States, whereas all others from 10 European and 8 non-European origins tested negative. High-throughput sequencing analysis of Zinfandel A2V13, in the collection since 1985, confirmed close similarity of GRBV isolate Z_A2V13 to American isolates according to genomes deposited in GenBank. Because the Zinfandel A2V13 reference was also maintained grafted on the leafroll virus indicator Vitis vinifera 'Gamay', we evaluated the effect of GRBV on viticultural performance over a 3-year period. Our results showed clear detrimental effects of GRBV on grapevine physiology (vine vigor, leaf chlorophyll content, and gas exchange) and fruit quality. These findings underscore the importance of implementation of GRBV testing worldwide in certification and quarantine programs to prevent the dissemination of this virus.
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28
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Cotrozzi L, Remorini D, Pellegrini E, Guidi L, Nali C, Lorenzini G, Massai R, Landi M. Living in a Mediterranean city in 2050: broadleaf or evergreen 'citizens'? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8161-8173. [PMID: 28616738 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9316-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The predicted effects of global change (GC) will be exacerbated in the more densely populated cities of the future, especially in the Mediterranean basin where some environmental cues, such as drought and tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution, already mine seriously plant survival. Physiological and biochemical responses of a Mediterranean, evergreen, isohydric plant species (Quercus ilex) were compared to those of a sympatric, deciduous, anisohydric species (Q. pubescens) under severe drought (20% of the effective daily evapotranspiration) and/or chronic O3 exposure (80 ppb for 5 h day-1 for 28 consecutive days) to test which one was more successful in those highly limiting conditions. Results show that (i) the lower reduction of total leaf biomass of Q. ilex as compared to Q. pubescens when subjected to drought and drought × O3 (on average -59 vs -70%, respectively); (ii) the steeper decline of photosynthesis found in Q. pubescens under drought (-87 vs -81%) and drought × O3 (-69 vs -59%, respectively); (iii) the increments of malondialdehyde (MDA) by-products found only in drought-stressed Q. pubescens; (iv) the impact of O3, found only in Q. pubescens leaves and MDA, can be considered the best probes of the superiority of Q. ilex to counteract the effect of mild-severe drought and O3 stress. Also, an antagonistic effect was found when drought and O3 were applied simultaneously, as usually happens during typical Mediterranean summers. Our dataset suggests that on future, the urban greening should be wisely pondered on the ability of trees to cope the most impacting factors of GC, and in particular their simultaneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Damiano Remorini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossano Massai
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Shelden MC, Vandeleur R, Kaiser BN, Tyerman SD. A Comparison of Petiole Hydraulics and Aquaporin Expression in an Anisohydric and Isohydric Cultivar of Grapevine in Response to Water-Stress Induced Cavitation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1893. [PMID: 29163613 PMCID: PMC5681967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report physiological, anatomical and molecular differences in two economically important grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars cv. Grenache (near-isohydric) and Chardonnay (anisohydric) in their response to water-stress induced cavitation. The aim of the study was to compare organ vulnerability (petiole and stem) to cavitation by measuring ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAE) and percent loss of conductance of potted grapevines subject to the onset of water-stress. Leaf (ψL) and stem water potential (ψS), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), petiole hydraulics (KPet), and xylem diameter were also measured. Chardonnay displayed hydraulic segmentation based on UAE, with cavitation occurring at a less negative ψL in the petiole than in the stem. Vulnerability segmentation was not observed in Grenache, with both petioles and stems equally vulnerable to cavitation. Leaf water potential that induced 50% of maximum UAE was significantly different between petioles and stems in Chardonnay (ψ50Petiole = -1.14 and ψ50Stem = -2.24 MPa) but not in Grenache (ψ50Petiole = -0.73 and ψ50Stem = -0.78 MPa). Grenache stems appeared more susceptible to water-stress induced cavitation than Chardonnay stems. Grenache displayed (on average) a higher KPet likely due to the presence of larger xylem vessels. A close relationship between petiole hydraulic properties and vine water status was observed in Chardonnay but not in Grenache. Transcriptional analysis of aquaporins in the petioles and leaves (VvPIP1;1, VvPIP2;1, VvPIP2;2 VvPIP2;3, VvTIP1;1, and VvTIP2;1) showed differential regulation diurnally and in response to water-stress. VvPIP2;1 showed strong diurnal regulation in the petioles and leaves of both cultivars with expression highest predawn. Expression of VvPIP2;1 and VvPIP2;2 responded to ψL and ψS in both cultivars indicating the expression of these two genes are closely linked to vine water status. Expression of several aquaporin genes correlated with gas exchange measurements, however, these genes differed between cultivars. In summary, the data shows two contrasting responses in petiole hydraulics and aquaporin expression between the near-isohydric cultivar, Grenache and anisohydric cultivar, Chardonnay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. Shelden
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Vandeleur
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brent N. Kaiser
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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30
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Trifilò P, Casolo V, Raimondo F, Petrussa E, Boscutti F, Lo Gullo MA, Nardini A. Effects of prolonged drought on stem non-structural carbohydrates content and post-drought hydraulic recovery in Laurus nobilis L.: The possible link between carbon starvation and hydraulic failure. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 120:232-241. [PMID: 29073538 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced tree decline is a complex event, and recent hypotheses suggest that hydraulic failure and carbon starvation are co-responsible for this process. We tested the possible role of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) content on post-drought hydraulic recovery, to verify the hypothesis that embolism reversal represents a mechanistic link between carbon starvation and stem hydraulics. Measurements were performed in laurel plants subjected to similar water stress levels either over short or long term, to induce comparable embolism levels. Plants subjected to mild and prolonged water shortage (S) showed reduced growth, adjustment of turgor loss point driven by changes in both osmotic potential at full turgor and bulk modulus of elasticity, a lower content of soluble NSC and a higher content of starch with respect to control (C) plants. Moreover, S plants showed a lower ability to recover from xylem embolism than C plants, even after irrigation. Our data suggest that plant carbon status might indirectly influence plant performance during and after drought via effects on xylem hydraulic functioning, supporting the view of a possible mechanistic link between the two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Trifilò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, salita F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Valentino Casolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, salita F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Elisa Petrussa
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Boscutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 91, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Lo Gullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università di Messina, salita F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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31
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Romero P, Botía P, Keller M. Hydraulics and gas exchange recover more rapidly from severe drought stress in small pot-grown grapevines than in field-grown plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 216:58-73. [PMID: 28577386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modifications of plant hydraulics and shoot resistances (Rshoot) induced by water withholding followed by rewatering, and their relationships with plant water status, leaf gas exchange and water use efficiency at the leaf level, were investigated in pot-grown and field-grown, own-rooted Syrah grapevines in an arid climate. Water stress induced anisohydric behavior, gradually reducing stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf photosynthesis (A) in response to decreasing midday stem water potential (Ψs). Water stress also rapidly increased intrinsic water-use efficiency (A/gs); this effect persisted for many days after rewatering. Whole-plant (Kplant), canopy (Kcanopy), shoot (Kshoot) and leaf (Kleaf) hydraulic conductances decreased during water stress, in tune with the gradual decrease in Ψs, leaf gas exchange and whole plant water use. Water-stressed vines also had a lower Ψ gradient between stem and leaf (ΔΨl), which was correlated with lower leaf transpiration rate (E). E and ΔΨl increased with increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in non-stressed control vines but not in stressed vines. Perfusion of xylem-mobile dye showed that water flow to petioles and leaves was substantially reduced or even stopped under moderate and severe drought stress. Leaf blade hydraulic resistance accounted for most of the total shoot resistance. However, hydraulic conductance of the whole root system (Kroot) was not significantly reduced until water stress became very severe in pot-grown vines. Significant correlations between Kplant, Kcanopy and Ψs, Kcanopy and leaf gas exchange, Kleaf and Ψs, and Kleaf and A support a link between water supply, leaf water status and gas exchange. Upon re-watering, Ψs recovered faster than gas exchange and leaf-shoot hydraulics. A gradual recovery of hydraulic functionality of plant organs was also observed, the leaves being the last to recover after rewatering. In pot-grown vines, Kcanopy recovered rather quickly following restoration of Ψs, although gas exchange recovery did not directly depend on recovery of Kcanopy. In field-grown vines, recovery of water status, gas exchange and hydraulic functionality was slower than in pot-grown plants, and low gs after rewatering was related to sustained decreased Kplant, Kcanopy and Kshoot and lower water transport to leaves. These results suggest that caution should be exercised when scaling up conclusions from experiments with small pot-grown plants to field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Romero
- Grupo de Riego y Fisiología del Estrés. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, 30150, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pablo Botía
- Grupo de Riego y Fisiología del Estrés. Departamento de Recursos Naturales. Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), c/Mayor s/n, 30150, La Alberca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Markus Keller
- Department of Horticulture, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
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El Aou-Ouad H, Pou A, Tomás M, Montero R, Ribas-Carbo M, Medrano H, Bota J. Combined effect of virus infection and water stress on water flow and water economy in grapevines. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 160:171-184. [PMID: 28044321 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water limitation is one of the major threats affecting grapevine production. Thus, improving water-use efficiency (WUE) is crucial for a sustainable viticulture industry in Mediterranean regions. Under field conditions, water stress (WS) is often combined with viral infections as those are present in major grape-growing areas worldwide. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viruses affecting grapevines. Indeed, the optimization of water use in a real context of virus infection is an important topic that needs to be understood. In this work, we have focused our attention on determining the interaction of biotic and abiotic stresses on WUE and hydraulic conductance (Kh ) parameters in two white grapevine cultivars (Malvasia de Banyalbufar and Giró Ros). Under well-watered (WW) conditions, virus infection provokes a strong reduction (P < 0.001) in Kpetiole in both cultivars; however, Kleaf was only reduced in Malvasia de Banyalbufar. Moreover, the presence of virus also reduced whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Khplant ) in 2013 and 2014 for Malvasia de Banyalbufar and in 2014 for Giró Ros. Thus, the effect of virus infection on water flow might explain the imposed stomatal limitation. Under WS conditions, the virus effect on Kplant was negligible, because of the bigger effect of WS than virus infection. Whole-plant WUE (WUEWP ) was not affected by the presence of virus neither under WW nor under WS conditions, indicating that plants may adjust their physiology to counteract the virus infection by maintaining a tight stomatal control and by sustaining a balanced carbon change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El Aou-Ouad
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
| | - Alicia Pou
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
| | - Magdalena Tomás
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
| | - Rafael Montero
- Institut de Recerca i Formació Agrària i Pesquera (IRFAP), Conselleria d'Agricultura, Medi Ambient i Territori, Govern de les Illes Balears, C/Eusebio Estada no. 145, 07009, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
| | - Hipólito Medrano
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
| | - Josefina Bota
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
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Hochberg U, Windt CW, Ponomarenko A, Zhang YJ, Gersony J, Rockwell FE, Holbrook NM. Stomatal Closure, Basal Leaf Embolism, and Shedding Protect the Hydraulic Integrity of Grape Stems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:764-775. [PMID: 28351909 PMCID: PMC5462014 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The time scale of stomatal closure and xylem cavitation during plant dehydration, as well as the fate of embolized organs, are under debate, largely due to methodological limitations in the evaluation of embolism. While some argue that complete stomatal closure precedes the occurrence of embolism, others believe that the two are contemporaneous processes that are accompanied by daily xylem refilling. Here, we utilize an optical light transmission method to continuously monitor xylem cavitation in leaves of dehydrating grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in concert with stomatal conductance and stem and petiole hydraulic measurements. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to continuously monitor xylem cavitation and flow rates in the stem of an intact vine during 10 d of dehydration. The results showed that complete stomatal closure preceded the appearance of embolism in the leaves and the stem by several days. Basal leaves were more vulnerable to xylem embolism than apical leaves and, once embolized, were shed, thereby preventing further water loss and protecting the hydraulic integrity of younger leaves and the stem. As a result, embolism in the stem was minimal even when drought led to complete leaf shedding. These findings suggest that grapevine avoids xylem embolism rather than tolerates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (U.H., A.P., Y.-J.Z., J.G., F.E.R., N.M.H.); and
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Juelich, Germany (C.W.W.)
| | - Carel W Windt
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (U.H., A.P., Y.-J.Z., J.G., F.E.R., N.M.H.); and
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Juelich, Germany (C.W.W.)
| | - Alexandre Ponomarenko
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (U.H., A.P., Y.-J.Z., J.G., F.E.R., N.M.H.); and
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Juelich, Germany (C.W.W.)
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (U.H., A.P., Y.-J.Z., J.G., F.E.R., N.M.H.); and
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Juelich, Germany (C.W.W.)
| | - Jessica Gersony
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (U.H., A.P., Y.-J.Z., J.G., F.E.R., N.M.H.); and
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Juelich, Germany (C.W.W.)
| | - Fulton E Rockwell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (U.H., A.P., Y.-J.Z., J.G., F.E.R., N.M.H.); and
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Juelich, Germany (C.W.W.)
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (U.H., A.P., Y.-J.Z., J.G., F.E.R., N.M.H.); and
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 2: Plant Sciences, 52425 Juelich, Germany (C.W.W.)
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Dayer S, Peña JP, Gindro K, Torregrosa L, Voinesco F, Martínez L, Prieto JA, Zufferey V. Changes in leaf stomatal conductance, petiole hydraulics and vessel morphology in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Chasselas) under different light and irrigation regimes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:679-693. [PMID: 32480598 DOI: 10.1071/fp16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic conductance and water transport in plants may be affected by environmental factors, which in turn regulate leaf gas exchange, plant growth and yield. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of radiation and water regimes on leaf stomatal conductance (gs), petiole specific hydraulic conductivity (Kpetiole) and anatomy (vessel number and size); and leaf aquaporin gene expression of field-grown grapevines at the Agroscope Research Station (Leytron, Switzerland). Chasselas vines were subjected to two radiation (sun and shade) levels combined with two water (irrigated and water-stressed) regimes. The sun and shade leaves received ~61.2 and 1.48molm-2day-1 of photosynthetically active radiation, respectively, during a clear-sky day. The irrigated vines were watered weekly from bloom to veraison whereas the water-stressed vines did not receive any irrigation during the season. Water stress reduced gs and Kpetiole relative to irrigated vines throughout the season. The petioles from water-stressed vines showed fewer large-sized vessels than those from irrigated vines. The shaded leaves from the irrigated vines exhibited a higher Kpetiole than the sun leaves at the end of the season, which was partially explained by a higher number of vessels per petiole and possibly by the upregulation of some of the aquaporins measured in the leaf. These results suggest that not only plant water status but also the light environment at the leaf level affected leaf and petiole hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Dayer
- INTA EEA Mendoza, San Martín 3853, Luján de Cuyo (5507), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jorge Perez Peña
- INTA EEA Mendoza, San Martín 3853, Luján de Cuyo (5507), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Katia Gindro
- Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, Route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR AGAP - DAAV research group, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France
| | - Francine Voinesco
- Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, Route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Liliana Martínez
- Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNCuyo, Almirante Brown 500, 5507 Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Prieto
- INTA EEA Mendoza, San Martín 3853, Luján de Cuyo (5507), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Vivian Zufferey
- Agroscope, Institut des sciences en production végétale IPV, Route de Duillier 50, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
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Hochberg U, Bonel AG, David-Schwartz R, Degu A, Fait A, Cochard H, Peterlunger E, Herrera JC. Grapevine acclimation to water deficit: the adjustment of stomatal and hydraulic conductance differs from petiole embolism vulnerability. PLANTA 2017; 245:1091-1104. [PMID: 28214919 PMCID: PMC5432590 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Drought-acclimated vines maintained higher gas exchange compared to irrigated controls under water deficit; this effect is associated with modified leaf turgor but not with improved petiole vulnerability to cavitation. A key feature for the prosperity of plants under changing environments is the plasticity of their hydraulic system. In the present research we studied the hydraulic regulation in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) that were first acclimated for 39 days to well-watered (WW), sustained water deficit (SD), or transient-cycles of dehydration-rehydration-water deficit (TD) conditions, and then subjected to varying degrees of drought. Vine development under SD led to the smallest leaves and petioles, but the TD vines had the smallest mean xylem vessel and calculated specific conductivity (k ts). Unexpectedly, both the water deficit acclimation treatments resulted in vines more vulnerable to cavitation in comparison to WW, possibly as a result of developmental differences or cavitation fatigue. When exposed to drought, the SD vines maintained the highest stomatal (g s) and leaf conductance (k leaf) under low stem water potential (Ψs), despite their high xylem vulnerability and in agreement with their lower turgor loss point (ΨTLP). These findings suggest that the down-regulation of k leaf and g s is not associated with embolism, and the ability of drought-acclimated vines to maintain hydraulic conductance and gas exchange under stressed conditions is more likely associated with the leaf turgor and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
- PIAF, INRA, Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrea Giulia Bonel
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Asfaw Degu
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Aaron Fait
- The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Hervé Cochard
- PIAF, INRA, Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Enrico Peterlunger
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
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Zhang WW, Song J, Wang M, Liu YY, Li N, Zhang YJ, Holbrook NM, Hao GY. Divergences in hydraulic architecture form an important basis for niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid Betula species in NE China. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:604-616. [PMID: 28338717 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Habitat differentiation between polyploid and diploid plants are frequently observed, with polyploids usually occupying more stressed environments. In woody plants, polyploidization can greatly affect wood characteristics but knowledge of its influences on xylem hydraulics is scarce. The four Betula species in NE China, representing two diploids and two polyploids with obvious habitat differentiation, provide an exceptional study system for investigating the impact of polyploidization on environmental adaptation of trees from the point view of xylem hydraulics. To test the hypothesis that changes in hydraulic architecture play an important role in determining their niche differentiation, we measured wood structural traits at both the tissue and pit levels and quantified xylem water transport efficiency and safety in these species. The two polyploids had significantly larger hydraulic weighted mean vessel diameters than the two diploids (45.1 and 45.5 vs 25.9 and 24.5 μm) although the polyploids are occupying more stressed environments. As indicated by more negative water potentials corresponding to 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductivities, the two polyploids exhibited significantly higher resistance to drought-induced embolism than the two diploids (-5.23 and -5.05 vs -3.86 and -3.13 MPa) despite their larger vessel diameters. This seeming discrepancy is reconciled by distinct characteristics favoring greater embolism resistance at the pit level in the two polyploid species. Our results showed clearly that the two polyploid species have remarkably different pit-level anatomical traits favoring greater hydraulic safety than their congeneric diploid species, which have likely contributed to the abundance of polyploid birches in more stressed habitats; however, less porous inter-conduit pits together with a reduced leaf to sapwood area may have compromised their competitiveness under more favorable conditions. Contrasts in hydraulic architecture between diploid and polyploid Betula species suggest an important functional basis for their clear habitat differentiation along environmental gradients in Changbai Mountain of NE China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Guang-You Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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Gleason SM, Wiggans DR, Bliss CA, Young JS, Cooper M, Willi KR, Comas LH. Embolized Stems Recover Overnight in Zea mays: The Role of Soil Water, Root Pressure, and Nighttime Transpiration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:662. [PMID: 28503183 PMCID: PMC5408072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is not currently well-understood how much xylem conductance is lost in maize plants during the day, if conductance is recovered during the night, or what soil water conditions are required for recovery to take place. To answer these questions we designed a greenhouse experiment whereby two genetically dissimilar maize genotypes were subjected to a level of water stress commonly experienced in the field (Ψxylem ∼-2 MPa). We then measured the loss of stem-specific conductivity associated with this level of stress, as well as the overnight recovery following three re-watering treatments: Ψsoil ∼ 0 MPa, Ψsoil ∼-0.40 MPa, and Ψsoil ∼-1.70 MPa. Mid-day leaf water potentials of -1.98 MPa resulted in stem-specific conductivity (KS) values that were 31.5% of maximal (i.e., 68% loss). Returning soils to field capacity (Ψsoil ∼ 0 MPa) overnight allowed for the significant recovery of KS (76% of maximal), whereas partial watering (Ψsoil ∼-0.40 MPa) resulted KS values that were 51.7% of maximal values, whereas not watering resulted in no recovery (35.4% of maximal; Ψsoil ∼-1.7 MPa). Recovery of KS was facilitated by the generation of root pressure and low rates of nighttime transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Fort CollinsCO, USA
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38
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Nardini A, Savi T, Trifilò P, Lo Gullo MA. Drought Stress and the Recovery from Xylem Embolism in Woody Plants. PROGRESS IN BOTANY VOL. 79 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/124_2017_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Charrier G, Torres-Ruiz JM, Badel E, Burlett R, Choat B, Cochard H, Delmas CEL, Domec JC, Jansen S, King A, Lenoir N, Martin-StPaul N, Gambetta GA, Delzon S. Evidence for Hydraulic Vulnerability Segmentation and Lack of Xylem Refilling under Tension. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1657-1668. [PMID: 27613852 PMCID: PMC5100766 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system of grapevine (Vitis spp.) has been reported as being highly vulnerable, even though grapevine regularly experiences seasonal drought. Consequently, stomata would remain open below water potentials that would generate a high loss of stem hydraulic conductivity via xylem embolism. This situation would necessitate daily cycles of embolism repair to restore hydraulic function. However, a more parsimonious explanation is that some hydraulic techniques are prone to artifacts in species with long vessels, leading to the overestimation of vulnerability. The aim of this study was to provide an unbiased assessment of (1) the vulnerability to drought-induced embolism in perennial and annual organs and (2) the ability to refill embolized vessels in two Vitis species X-ray micro-computed tomography observations of intact plants indicated that both Vitis vinifera and Vitis riparia were relatively vulnerable, with the pressure inducing 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity = -1.7 and -1.3 MPa, respectively. In V. vinifera, both the stem and petiole had similar sigmoidal vulnerability curves but differed in pressure inducing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (-1.7 and -1 MPa for stem and petiole, respectively). Refilling was not observed as long as bulk xylem pressure remained negative (e.g. at the apical part of the plants; -0.11 ± 0.02 MPa) and change in percentage loss of conductivity was 0.02% ± 0.01%. However, positive xylem pressure was observed at the basal part of the plant (0.04 ± 0.01 MPa), leading to a recovery of conductance (change in percentage loss of conductivity = -0.24% ± 0.12%). Our findings provide evidence that grapevine is unable to repair embolized xylem vessels under negative pressure, but its hydraulic vulnerability segmentation provides significant protection of the perennial stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Charrier
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - José M Torres-Ruiz
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Eric Badel
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Regis Burlett
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Brendan Choat
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Herve Cochard
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Chloe E L Delmas
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Steven Jansen
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Andrew King
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Nicolas Lenoir
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Nicolas Martin-StPaul
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Gregory Alan Gambetta
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1287, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (G.C., G.A.G.); BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France (G.C., J.M.T.-R., R.B., S.D.); PIAF, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France (E.B., H.C.); Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales 2753, Australia (B.C.); Unité Mixte de Recherche SAVE, INRA, BSA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (C.E.L.D.); Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1391 ISPA, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.-C.D.); Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 (J.-C.D.); Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany (S.J.); Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme de Merisiers, Saint Aubin-BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France (A.K.); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Univ. Bordeaux, UMS 3626 Placamat F-33608 Pessac, France (N.L.); and INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, 84914 Avignon, France (N.M.-S.)
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Dal Santo S, Palliotti A, Zenoni S, Tornielli GB, Fasoli M, Paci P, Tombesi S, Frioni T, Silvestroni O, Bellincontro A, d’Onofrio C, Matarese F, Gatti M, Poni S, Pezzotti M. Distinct transcriptome responses to water limitation in isohydric and anisohydric grapevine cultivars. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:815. [PMID: 27765014 PMCID: PMC5073746 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an economically important crop with a wide geographical distribution, reflecting its ability to grow successfully in a range of climates. However, many vineyards are located in regions with seasonal drought, and these are often predicted to be global climate change hotspots. Climate change affects the entire physiology of grapevine, with strong effects on yield, wine quality and typicity, making it difficult to produce berries of optimal enological quality and consistent stability over the forthcoming decades. RESULTS Here we investigated the reactions of two grapevine cultivars to water stress, the isohydric variety Montepulciano and the anisohydric variety Sangiovese, by examining physiological and molecular perturbations in the leaf and berry. A multidisciplinary approach was used to characterize the distinct stomatal behavior of the two cultivars and its impact on leaf and berry gene expression. Positive associations were found among the photosynthetic, physiological and transcriptional modifications, and candidate genes encoding master regulators of the water stress response were identified using an integrated approach based on the analysis of topological co-expression network properties. In particular, the genome-wide transcriptional study indicated that the isohydric behavior relies upon the following responses: i) faster transcriptome response after stress imposition; ii) faster abscisic acid-related gene modulation; iii) more rapid expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes and iv) reversion of gene-expression profile at rewatering. Conversely, that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, molecular chaperones and abiotic stress-related genes were induced earlier and more strongly in the anisohydric cultivar. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the present work found original evidence of a molecular basis for the proposed classification between isohydric and anisohydric grapevine genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dal Santo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Fasoli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- E. & J. Gallo Winery, Modesto, CA 95353 USA
| | - Paola Paci
- Istituto di analisi dei sistemi ed informatica “Antonio Ruberti”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Frioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Silvestroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellincontro
- Dipartimento per l’Innovazione dei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Claudio d’Onofrio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Agro-Ambientali, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiola Matarese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Agro-Ambientali, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Gatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Poni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Klein T, Cohen S, Paudel I, Preisler Y, Rotenberg E, Yakir D. Diurnal dynamics of water transport, storage and hydraulic conductivity in pine trees under seasonal drought. IFOREST - BIOGEOSCIENCES AND FORESTRY 2016; 9:710-719. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3832/ifor2046-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Chen Y, Schnitzer SA, Zhang Y, Fan Z, Goldstein G, Tomlinson KW, Lin H, Zhang J, Cao K. Physiological regulation and efficient xylem water transport regulate diurnal water and carbon balances of tropical lianas. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China
| | - Stefan A. Schnitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences Marquette University PO Box 1881 Milwaukee WI53201 USA
| | - Yong‐Jiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303 China
| | - Ze‐Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303 China
| | - Guillermo Goldstein
- Department of Biology University of Miami PO Box 249118 Coral Gables FL33124 USA
| | - Kyle W. Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303 China
| | - Hua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303 China
| | - Jiao‐Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303 China
| | - Kun‐Fang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Mengla Yunnan666303 China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi530004 China
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Hochberg U, Albuquerque C, Rachmilevitch S, Cochard H, David-Schwartz R, Brodersen CR, McElrone A, Windt CW. Grapevine petioles are more sensitive to drought induced embolism than stems: evidence from in vivo MRI and microcomputed tomography observations of hydraulic vulnerability segmentation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1886-94. [PMID: 26648337 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The 'hydraulic vulnerability segmentation' hypothesis predicts that expendable distal organs are more susceptible to water stress-induced embolism than the main stem of the plant. In the current work, we present the first in vivo visualization of this phenomenon. In two separate experiments, using magnetic resonance imaging or synchrotron-based microcomputed tomography, grapevines (Vitis vinifera) were dehydrated while simultaneously scanning the main stems and petioles for the occurrence of emboli at different xylem pressures (Ψx ). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that 50% of the conductive xylem area of the petioles was embolized at a Ψx of -1.54 MPa, whereas the stems did not reach similar losses until -1.9 MPa. Microcomputed tomography confirmed these findings, showing that approximately half the vessels in the petioles were embolized at a Ψx of -1.6 MPa, whereas only few were embolized in the stems. Petioles were shown to be more resistant to water stress-induced embolism than previously measured with invasive hydraulic methods. The results provide the first direct evidence for the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis and highlight its importance in grapevine responses to severe water stress. Additionally, these data suggest that air entry through the petiole into the stem is unlikely in grapevines during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF/Université Blaise Pascal, F-63039, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caetano Albuquerque
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, 84990, Israel
| | - Herve Cochard
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF/Université Blaise Pascal, F-63039, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Centre, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Andrew McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Carel W Windt
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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Johnson DM, Wortemann R, McCulloh KA, Jordan-Meille L, Ward E, Warren JM, Palmroth S, Domec JC. A test of the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis in angiosperm and conifer tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:983-93. [PMID: 27146334 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Water transport from soils to the atmosphere is critical for plant growth and survival. However, we have a limited understanding about many portions of the whole-tree hydraulic pathway, because the vast majority of published information is on terminal branches. Our understanding of mature tree trunk hydraulic physiology, in particular, is limited. The hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis (HVSH) stipulates that distal portions of the plant (leaves, branches and roots) should be more vulnerable to embolism than trunks, which are nonredundant organs that require a massive carbon investment. In the current study, we compared vulnerability to loss of hydraulic function, leaf and xylem water potentials and the resulting hydraulic safety margins (in relation to the water potential causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) in leaves, branches, trunks and roots of four angiosperms and four conifer tree species. Across all species, our results supported strongly the HVSH as leaves and roots were less resistant to embolism than branches or trunks. However, branches were consistently more resistant to embolism than any other portion of the plant, including trunks. Also, calculated whole-tree vulnerability to hydraulic dysfunction was much greater than vulnerability in branches. This was due to hydraulic dysfunction in roots and leaves at less negative water potentials than those causing branch or trunk dysfunction. Leaves and roots had narrow or negative hydraulic safety margins, but trunks and branches maintained positive safety margins. By using branch-based hydraulic information as a proxy for entire plants, much research has potentially overestimated embolism resistance, and possibly drought tolerance, for many species. This study highlights the necessity to reconsider past conclusions made about plant resistance to drought based on branch xylem only. This study also highlights the necessity for more research of whole-plant hydraulic physiology to better understand strategies of plant drought tolerance and the critical control points within the hydraulic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Johnson
- Department of Forest, Rangeland and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS1133, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Remi Wortemann
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Ward
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Sari Palmroth
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR INRA-ISPA 1391, 33195 Gradignan, France
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45
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Hochberg U, Herrera JC, Cochard H, Badel E. Short-time xylem relaxation results in reliable quantification of embolism in grapevine petioles and sheds new light on their hydraulic strategy. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:748-55. [PMID: 26843208 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the validity of embolism quantification methods has been questioned, especially for long-vesseled plants. Some studies have suggested that cutting xylem while under tension, even under water, might generate artificial cavitation. Accordingly, a rehydration procedure prior to hydraulic measurements has been recommended to avoid this artefact. On the other hand, concerns have been raised that xylem refilling might occur when samples are rehydrated. Here, we explore the potential biases affecting embolism quantification for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) petioles harvested under tension or after xylem relaxation. We employ direct visualization of embolism through X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT) to test for the occurrence of fast refilling (artifactually low per cent loss of conductivity (PLC) due to rehydration prior to sample harvest) as well as excision-induced embolism (artifactually high embolism due to air introduction during harvest). Additionally, we compared the response functions of both stomatal regulation and xylem embolism to xylem pressure (Ψx). Short-time (20 min) xylem tension relaxation prior to the hydraulic measurement resulted in a lower degree of embolism than found in samples harvested under native tensions, and yielded xylem vulnerability curves similar to the ones obtained using direct microCT visualization. Much longer periods of hydration (overnight) were required before xylem refilling was observed to occur. In field-grown vines, over 85% of stomatal closure occurred at less negative Ψx than that required to induce 12% PLC. Our results demonstrate that relaxation of xylem tension prior to hydraulic measurement allows for the reliable quantification of native embolism in grapevine petioles. Furthermore, we find that stomatal regulation is sufficiently conservative to avoid transpiration-induced cavitation. These results suggest that grapevines have evolved a strategy of cavitation resistance, rather than one of cavitation tolerance (diurnal cycles of embolism and repair).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hochberg
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, UMR 547 PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, UMR 547 PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Badel
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, UMR 547 PIAF, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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46
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Acosta-Gamboa LM, Liu S, Langley E, Campbell Z, Castro-Guerrero N, Mendoza-Cozatl D, Lorence A. Moderate to severe water limitation differentially affects the phenome and ionome of Arabidopsis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 44:94-106. [PMID: 32480549 DOI: 10.1071/fp16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food security is currently one of the major challenges that we are facing as a species. Understanding plant responses and adaptations to limited water availability is key to maintain or improve crop yield, and this is even more critical considering the different projections of climate change. In this work, we combined two high-throughput -'omic' platforms ('phenomics' and 'ionomics') to begin dissecting time-dependent effects of water limitation in Arabidopsis leaves and ultimately seed yield. As proof of concept, we acquired high-resolution images with visible, fluorescence, and near infrared cameras and used commercial and open source algorithms to extract the information contained in those images. At a defined point, samples were also taken for elemental profiling. Our results show that growth, biomass and photosynthetic efficiency were affected mostly under severe water limitation regimes and these differences were exacerbated at later developmental stages. The elemental composition and seed yield, however, changed across the different water regimes tested and these changes included under- and over- accumulation of elements compared with well-watered plants. Our results demonstrate that the combination of phenotyping techniques can be successfully used to identify specific bottlenecks during plant development that could compromise biomass, yield, and the nutritional quality of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Acosta-Gamboa
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Suxing Liu
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Erin Langley
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Zachary Campbell
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
| | - Norma Castro-Guerrero
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David Mendoza-Cozatl
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Argelia Lorence
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, State University, AR 72467, USA
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47
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Liu YY, Song J, Wang M, Li N, Niu CY, Hao GY. Coordination of xylem hydraulics and stomatal regulation in keeping the integrity of xylem water transport in shoots of two compound-leaved tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26209618 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic segmentation between proximal and distal organs has been hypothesized to be an important protective mechanism for plants to minimize the detrimental effects of drought-induced hydraulic failure. Uncertainties still exist regarding the degree of segmentation and the role of stomatal regulation in keeping hydraulic integrity of organs at different hierarchies. In the present study, we measured hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability in stems, compound leaf petioles and leaflet laminas of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. and Juglans mandshurica Maxim. growing in Changbai Mountain of Northeast China to identify the main locality where hydraulic segmentation occurs along the shoot water transport pathway. Stomatal conductance in response to leaf water potential change was also measured to investigate the role of stomatal regulation in avoiding extensive transpiration-induced embolism. No major contrasts were found between stems and compound leaf petioles in either hydraulic conductivity or vulnerability to drought-induced embolism, whereas a large difference in hydraulic vulnerability exists between compound leaf petioles and leaflet laminas. Furthermore, in contrast to the relatively large safety margins in stems (4.13 and 2.04 MPa) and compound leaf petioles (1.33 and 1.93 MPa), leaflet lamina hydraulic systems have substantially smaller or even negative safety margins (-0.17 and 0.47 MPa) in F. mandshurica and J. mandshurica. Under unstressed water conditions, gas exchange may be better optimized by allowing leaflet vascular system function with small safety margins. In the meantime, hydraulic safety of compound leaf petioles and stems are guaranteed by their large safety margins. In facing severe drought stress, larger safety margins in stems than in compound leaf petioles would allow plants to minimize the risk of catastrophic embolism in stems by sacrificing the whole compound leaves. A strong coordination between hydraulic and stomatal regulation appears to play a critical role in balancing the competing efficiency and safety requirements for xylem water transport and use in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Cun-Yang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
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48
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Knipfer T, Fei J, Gambetta GA, McElrone AJ, Shackel KA, Matthews MA. Water Transport Properties of the Grape Pedicel during Fruit Development: Insights into Xylem Anatomy and Function Using Microtomography. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1590-602. [PMID: 26077763 PMCID: PMC4528730 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Xylem flow of water into fruits declines during fruit development, and the literature indicates a corresponding increase in hydraulic resistance in the pedicel. However, it is unknown how pedicel hydraulics change developmentally in relation to xylem anatomy and function. In this study on grape (Vitis vinifera), we determined pedicel hydraulic conductivity (kh) from pressure-flow relationships using hydrostatic and osmotic forces and investigated xylem anatomy and function using fluorescent light microscopy and x-ray computed microtomography. Hydrostatic kh (xylem pathway) was consistently 4 orders of magnitude greater than osmotic kh (intracellular pathway), but both declined before veraison by approximately 40% and substantially over fruit development. Hydrostatic kh declined most gradually for low (less than 0.08 MPa) pressures and for water inflow and outflow conditions. Specific kh (per xylem area) decreased in a similar fashion to kh despite substantial increases in xylem area. X-ray computed microtomography images provided direct evidence that losses in pedicel kh were associated with blockages in vessel elements, whereas air embolisms were negligible. However, vessel elements were interconnected and some remained continuous postveraison, suggesting that across the grape pedicel, a xylem pathway of reduced kh remains functional late into berry ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Knipfer
- Department of Viticulture and Enology (T.K., J.F., G.A.G., A.J.M., M.A.M.) and Department of Plant Sciences/Pomology (K.A.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Jiong Fei
- Department of Viticulture and Enology (T.K., J.F., G.A.G., A.J.M., M.A.M.) and Department of Plant Sciences/Pomology (K.A.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Gregory A Gambetta
- Department of Viticulture and Enology (T.K., J.F., G.A.G., A.J.M., M.A.M.) and Department of Plant Sciences/Pomology (K.A.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology (T.K., J.F., G.A.G., A.J.M., M.A.M.) and Department of Plant Sciences/Pomology (K.A.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Kenneth A Shackel
- Department of Viticulture and Enology (T.K., J.F., G.A.G., A.J.M., M.A.M.) and Department of Plant Sciences/Pomology (K.A.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Mark A Matthews
- Department of Viticulture and Enology (T.K., J.F., G.A.G., A.J.M., M.A.M.) and Department of Plant Sciences/Pomology (K.A.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; andUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
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49
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Knipfer T, Eustis A, Brodersen C, Walker AM, McElrone AJ. Grapevine species from varied native habitats exhibit differences in embolism formation/repair associated with leaf gas exchange and root pressure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1503-13. [PMID: 25495925 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Drought induces xylem embolism formation, but grapevines can refill non-functional vessels to restore transport capacity. It is unknown whether vulnerability to embolism formation and ability to repair differ among grapevine species. We analysed in vivo embolism formation and repair using x-ray computed microtomography in three wild grapevine species from varied native habitats (Vitis riparia, V. arizonica, V. champinii) and related responses to measurements of leaf gas exchange and root pressure. Vulnerability to embolism formation was greatest in V. riparia, intermediate in V. arizonica and lowest in V. champinii. After re-watering, embolism repair was rapid and pronounced in V. riparia and V. arizonica, but limited or negligible in V. champinii even after numerous days. Similarly, root pressure measured after re-watering was positively correlated with drought stress severity for V. riparia and V. arizonica (species exhibiting embolism repair) but not for V. champinii. Drought-induced reductions in transpiration were greatest for V. riparia and least in V. champinii. Recovery of transpiration after re-watering was delayed for all species, but was greatest for V. champinii and most rapid in V. arizonica. These species exhibit varied responses to drought stress that involve maintenance/recovery of xylem transport capacity coordinated with root pressure and gas exchange responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Knipfer
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ashley Eustis
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Andrew M Walker
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA-ARS, Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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50
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Tombesi S, Nardini A, Frioni T, Soccolini M, Zadra C, Farinelli D, Poni S, Palliotti A. Stomatal closure is induced by hydraulic signals and maintained by ABA in drought-stressed grapevine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12449. [PMID: 26207993 PMCID: PMC4513549 DOI: 10.1038/srep12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water saving under drought stress is assured by stomatal closure driven by active (ABA-mediated) and/or passive (hydraulic-mediated) mechanisms. There is currently no comprehensive model nor any general consensus about the actual contribution and relative importance of each of the above factors in modulating stomatal closure in planta. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of passive (hydraulic) vs active (ABA mediated) mechanisms of stomatal closure in V. vinifera plants facing drought stress. Leaf gas exchange decreased progressively to zero during drought, and embolism-induced loss of hydraulic conductance in petioles peaked to ~50% in correspondence with strong daily limitation of stomatal conductance. Foliar ABA significantly increased only after complete stomatal closure had already occurred. Rewatering plants after complete stomatal closure and after foliar ABA reached maximum values did not induced stomatal re-opening, despite embolism recovery and water potential rise. Our data suggest that in grapevine stomatal conductance is primarily regulated by passive hydraulic mechanisms. Foliar ABA apparently limits leaf gas exchange over long-term, also preventing recovery of stomatal aperture upon rewatering, suggesting the occurrence of a mechanism of long-term down-regulation of transpiration to favor embolism repair and preserve water under conditions of fluctuating water availability and repeated drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Tombesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tommaso Frioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Soccolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Zadra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Farinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Poni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo 20 giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
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