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Li Y, Hoch G. The sensitivity of root water uptake to cold root temperature follows species-specific upper elevational distribution limits of temperate tree species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2192-2205. [PMID: 38481108 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Physiological water stress induced by low root temperatures might contribute to species-specific climatic limits of tree distribution. We investigated the low temperature sensitivity of root water uptake and transport in seedlings of 16 European tree species which reach their natural upper elevation distribution limits at different distances to the alpine treeline. We used 2H-H2O pulse-labelling to quantify the water uptake and transport velocity from roots to leaves in seedlings exposed to constant 15°C, 7°C or 2°C root temperature, but identical aboveground temperatures between 20°C and 25°C. In all species, low root temperatures reduced the water transport rate, accompanied by reduced stem water potentials and stomatal conductance. At 7°C root temperature, the relative water uptake rates among species correlated positively with the species-specific upper elevation limits, indicating an increasingly higher sensitivity to lower root zone temperatures, the lower a species' natural elevational distribution limit. Conversely, 2°C root temperature severely inhibited water uptake in all species, irrespective of the species' thermal elevational limits. We conclude that low temperature-induced hydraulic constraints contribute to the cold distribution limits of temperate tree species and are a potential physiological cause behind the low temperature limits of plant growth in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Li
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences-Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Li X, Zhang P, Liu J, Wang H, Liu J, Li H, Xie H, Wang Q, Li L, Zhang S, Huang L, Liu C, Qin P. Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Quinoa Seedling Response to High Relative Humidity Stress. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1352. [PMID: 37759752 PMCID: PMC10527060 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa is of great interest because it is cold- and drought-resistant; however, little research has been performed on quinoa under high relative humidity (RH) stress. In this study, quinoa seedlings of a highly HR-resistant variety ("Dianli-439") and a sensitive variety ("Dianli-969") were subjected to morphological and physiological measurements and metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate their response to high RH stress. In total, 1060 metabolites were detected, and lipids and flavonoids were the most abundant, with 173 and 167 metabolites, respectively. In total, 13,095 differentially expressed genes were identified, and the results showed that abscisic acid, auxin, and jasmonic-acid-related genes involved in plant hormone signaling may be involved in the response of quinoa seedlings to high RH stress. The analysis of the transcription factors revealed that the AP2/ERF family may also play an important role in the response to high RH stress. We identified the possible regulatory mechanisms of the hormone signaling pathways under high RH stress. Our findings can provide a basis for the selection and identification of highly resistant quinoa varieties and the screening of the metabolite-synthesis- and gene-regulation-related mechanisms in quinoa in response to RH stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Jia Liu
- Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Yuxi 653100, China;
| | - Hongxin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Junna Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Hanxue Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Heng Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Qianchao Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Shan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Liubin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China (P.Z.); (H.W.); (J.L.); (H.L.); (H.X.); (Q.W.); (L.L.)
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3
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Bourbia I, Lucani C, Brodribb TJ. Constant hydraulic supply enables optical monitoring of transpiration in a grass, a herb, and a conifer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5625-5633. [PMID: 35727898 PMCID: PMC9467656 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant transpiration is an inevitable consequence of photosynthesis and has a huge impact on the terrestrial carbon and water cycle, yet accurate and continuous monitoring of its dynamics is still challenging. Under well-watered conditions, canopy transpiration (Ec) could potentially be continuously calculated from stem water potential (Ψstem), but only if the root to stem hydraulic conductance (Kr-s) remains constant and plant capacitance is relatively small. We tested whether such an approach is viable by investigating whether Kr-s remains constant under a wide range of daytime transpiration rates in non-water-stressed plants. Optical dendrometers were used to continuously monitor tissue shrinkage, an accurate proxy of Ψstem, while Ec was manipulated in three species with contrasting morphological, anatomical, and phylogenetic identities: Tanacetum cinerariifolium, Zea mays, and Callitris rhomboidea. In all species, we found Kr-s to remain constant across a wide range of Ec, meaning that the dynamics of Ψstem could be used to monitor Ec. This was evidenced by the close agreement between measured Ec and that predicted from optically measured Ψstem. These results suggest that optical dendrometers enable both plant hydration and Ec to be monitored non-invasively and continuously in a range of woody and herbaceous species. This technique presents new opportunities to monitor transpiration under laboratory and field conditions in a diversity of woody, herbaceous, and grassy species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bourbia
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Christopher Lucani
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
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4
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Maurel C, Tournaire-Roux C, Verdoucq L, Santoni V. Hormonal and environmental signaling pathways target membrane water transport. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2056-2070. [PMID: 35235672 PMCID: PMC8644278 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant water transport and its molecular components including aquaporins are responsive, across diverse time scales, to an extremely wide array of environmental and hormonal signals. These include water deficit and abscisic acid (ABA) but also more recently identified stimuli such as peptide hormones or bacterial elicitors. The present review makes an inventory of corresponding signalling pathways. It identifies some main principles, such as the central signalling role of ROS, with a dual function of aquaporins in water and hydrogen peroxide transport, the importance of aquaporin phosphorylation that is targeted by multiple classes of protein kinases, and the emerging role of lipid signalling. More studies including systems biology approaches are now needed to comprehend how plant water transport can be adjusted in response to combined stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Author for Communication:
| | | | - Lionel Verdoucq
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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5
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Taneda H, Ikeda T. Hydraulic architecture with high root-resistance fraction contributes to efficient carbon gain of plants in temperate habitats. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1932-1945. [PMID: 34658016 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE The hydraulic architecture in the leaves, stems and roots of plants constrains water transport and carbon gain through stomatal limitation to CO2 absorption. Because roots are the main bottleneck in water transport for a range of plant species, we assessed the ecophysiological mechanism and importance of a high fraction of root hydraulic resistance in woody and herbaceous species. METHODS Biomass partitioning and hydraulic conductance of leaves, stems, and roots of Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica, a perennial herb) and Japanese zelkova (Zelkova serrata, a deciduous tall tree) were measured. Theoretical analyses were used to examine whether the measured hydraulic architecture and biomass partitioning maximized the plant photosynthetic rate (the product of leaf area and photosynthetic rate per leaf area). RESULTS Root hydraulic resistance accounted for 83% and 68% of the total plant resistance for Japanese knotweed and Japanese zelkova, respectively. Comparisons of hydraulic and biomass partitioning revealed that high root-resistance fractions were attributable to low biomass partitioning to root organs rather than high mass-specific root conductance. The measured partitioning of hydraulic resistance closely corresponded to the predicted optimal partitioning, maximizing the plant photosynthetic rate for the two species. The high fraction of root resistance was predicted to be optimal with variations in air humidity and soil water potential. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the hydraulic architecture of plants growing in mesic and fertile habitats not only results in high root resistance due to small biomass partitioning to root organs, but contributes to efficient carbon gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Taneda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takefumi Ikeda
- Department of Forest Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
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6
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Flooding or drought which one is more offensive on pepper physiology and growth? Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4233-4245. [PMID: 34120292 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Both extreme usage of water in agriculture i.e., drought and flooding affect physiological and growth aspects of the plant as well as gene expression undertaken in water absorption. These affect depend on the stress duration i.e., shock or gradual stress exposer. The factorial experiment based on CRD with 10 replicates was conducted to investigate the physiological and water relation as well as aquaporin expression in (Capsicum annuum L.). Drought stress was applied gradually from - 2, - 3, - 4 to - 5 MPa during 8 days but in shock stress - 5 MPa applied at one time. The gradual flooding stress adjusted with changing the aeration duration from 15 to 0 min gradually every 2 days and for the shock- flooding, peppers keep in a nutrient solution without aeration in a sealed container. Results showed that both extreme water stress had a deleterious effect on the growth and physiological parameter of pepper for a longer duration. Antioxidant, proline, fluorescence chlorophyll stimulate in the gradual period except for ABA content, which is higher in shock stress. PIP1expression showed a reverse effect in leaf and root at flooding i.e., PIP1expression raised in root while it was reduced in leaf at shock-flooding. The highest PIP1expression was observed in gradual-drought of root and gradual duration of drought and flooding stress in leaf. In the physiological aspect of plant response to stress in pepper, results showed an enhanced in proline and phenol content to help osmotic adjustment and keep water status in moderate condition. Conclusively, shocked stress first, motivated these defense systems, and then in the next step, the other adaptive mechanism like gene expression activated to help pepper face stress. On the other hand, shock stress showed down-regulation, but when the stress lasted for a longer time results in up-regulation.
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7
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Sánchez‐Ortiz A, Mateo‐Sanz JM, Nadal M, Lampreave M. Water stress assessment on grapevines by using classification and regression trees. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e00319. [PMID: 33851071 PMCID: PMC8022199 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple factors, such as the vineyard environment and winemaking practices, are known to affect the development of vines as well as the final composition of grapes. Water stress promotes the synthesis of phenols and is associated with grape quality as long as it does not inhibit production. To identify the key parameters for managing water stress and grape quality, multivariate statistical analysis is essential. Classification and regression trees are methods for constructing prediction models from data, especially when data are complex and when constructing a single global model is difficult and models are challenging to interpret. The models were obtained by recursively partitioning the data space and fitting a simple prediction model within each partition. The partitioning can be represented graphically as a decision tree. This approach permitted the most decisive variables for predicting the most vulnerable vineyards and wine quality parameters associated with water stress. In Priorat AOC, Carignan grapevines had the highest water potential and abscisic acid concentration in the early growth plant stages and permitted vineyards to be classified by mesoclimate. This information is useful for identifying which measurements could most easily differentiate between early and late-ripening vineyards. LWP and Ts during an early physiological stage (pea size) permitted warm and cold areas to be differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sánchez‐Ortiz
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaFacultat d'Enologia de TarragonaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Josep M. Mateo‐Sanz
- Departament d'Enginyeria QuimicaETSEQUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Montserrat Nadal
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaFacultat d'Enologia de TarragonaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
| | - Míriam Lampreave
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaFacultat d'Enologia de TarragonaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragonaSpain
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8
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Razi K, Muneer S. Drought stress-induced physiological mechanisms, signaling pathways and molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:669-691. [PMID: 33525946 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most adverse abiotic stresses that hinder plants' growth and productivity, threatening sustainable crop production. It impairs normal growth, disturbs water relations and reduces water-use efficiency in plants. However, plants have evolved many physiological and biochemical responses at the cellular and organism levels, in order to cope with drought stress. Photosynthesis, which is considered one of the most crucial biological processes for survival of plants, is greatly affected by drought stress. A gradual decrease in CO2 assimilation rates, reduced leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation under drought stress, disturbs plant water relations, reducing water-use efficiency, disrupts photosynthetic pigments and reduces the gas exchange affecting the plants adversely. In such conditions, the chloroplast, organelle responsible for photosynthesis, is found to counteract the ill effects of drought stress by its critical involvement as a sensor of changes occurring in the environment, as the first process that drought stress affects is photosynthesis. Beside photosynthesis, chloroplasts carry out primary metabolic functions such as the biosynthesis of starch, amino acids, lipids, and tetrapyroles, and play a central role in the assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur. Because the chloroplasts are central organelles where the photosynthetic reactions take place, modifications in their physiology and protein pools are expected in response to the drought stress-induced variations in leaf gas exchanges and the accumulation of ROS. Higher expression levels of various transcription factors and other proteins including heat shock-related protein, LEA proteins seem to be regulating the heat tolerance mechanisms. However, several aspects of plastid alterations, following a water deficit environment are still poorly characterized. Since plants adapt to various stress tolerance mechanisms to respond to drought stress, understanding mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in plants will lead toward the development of drought tolerance in crop plants. This review throws light on major droughts stress-induced molecular/physiological mechanisms in response to severe and prolonged drought stress and addresses the molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. It further highlights research gaps, identifying unexplored domains and suggesting recommendations for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaukab Razi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jupa R, Mészáros M, Plavcová L. Linking wood anatomy with growth vigour and susceptibility to alternate bearing in composite apple and pear trees. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:172-183. [PMID: 32939929 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Excess vegetative growth and irregular fruit-bearing are often undesirable in horticultural practice. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these traits in fruit trees are not fully understood. Here, we tested if growth vigour and susceptibility of apple and pear trees to alternate fruit-bearing are associated with vascular anatomy. We examined anatomical traits related to water transport and nutrient storage in young woody shoots and roots of 15 different scion/rootstock cultivars of apple and pear trees. In addition, soil and leaf water potentials were measured across a drought period. We found a positive correlation between the mean vessel diameter of roots and the annual shoot length. Vigorously growing trees also maintained less negative midday leaf water potential during drought. Furthermore, we observed a close negative correlation between the proportions of total parenchyma in the shoots and the alternate bearing index. Based on anatomical proxies, our results suggest that xylem transport efficiency of rootstocks is linked to growth vigour of both apple and pear trees, while limited carbohydrate storage capacity of scions may be associated with increased susceptibility to alternate bearing. These findings can be useful for the breeding of new cultivars of commercially important fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jupa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - M Mészáros
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Hořice, Czech Republic
| | - L Plavcová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Fanourakis D, Aliniaeifard S, Sellin A, Giday H, Körner O, Rezaei Nejad A, Delis C, Bouranis D, Koubouris G, Kambourakis E, Nikoloudakis N, Tsaniklidis G. Stomatal behavior following mid- or long-term exposure to high relative air humidity: A review. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 153:92-105. [PMID: 32485617 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High relative air humidity (RH ≥ 85%) is frequent in controlled environments, and not uncommon in nature. In this review, we examine the high RH effects on plants with a special focus on stomatal characters. All aspects of stomatal physiology are attenuated by elevated RH during leaf expansion (long-term) in C3 species. These include impaired opening and closing response, as well as weak diel oscillations. Consequently, the high RH-grown plants are not only vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stress, but also undergo a deregulation between CO2 uptake and water loss. Stomatal behavior of a single leaf is determined by the local microclimate during expansion, and may be different than the remaining leaves of the same plant. No effect of high RH is apparent in C4 and CAM species, while the same is expected for species with hydropassive stomatal closure. Formation of bigger stomata with larger pores is a universal response to high RH during leaf expansion, whereas the effect on stomatal density appears to be species- and leaf side-specific. Compelling evidence suggests that ABA mediates the high RH-induced stomatal malfunction, as well as the stomatal size increase. Although high RH stimulates leaf ethylene evolution, it remains elusive whether or not this contributes to stomatal malfunction. Most species lose stomatal function following mid-term (4-7 d) exposure to high RH following leaf expansion. Consequently, the regulatory role of ambient humidity on stomatal functionality is not limited to the period of leaf expansion, but holds throughout the leaf life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Fanourakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71500, Heraklion, Greece; Giannakakis SA, Export Fruits and Vegetables, Tympaki, Greece.
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arne Sellin
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, 51005, Estonia
| | - Habtamu Giday
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, ICBA, P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oliver Körner
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Costas Delis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, GR-24100, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Dimitris Bouranis
- Plant Physiology and Morphology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Koubouris
- Laboratory of Olive Cultivation, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kambourakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71500, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikoloudakis
- Cyprus University of Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus
| | - Georgios Tsaniklidis
- Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Plants and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'Demeter' (NAGREF), P.O. Box 2228, 71003, Heraklio, Greece
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11
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Dayer S, Scharwies JD, Ramesh SA, Sullivan W, Doerflinger FC, Pagay V, Tyerman SD. Comparing Hydraulics Between Two Grapevine Cultivars Reveals Differences in Stomatal Regulation Under Water Stress and Exogenous ABA Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:705. [PMID: 32636852 PMCID: PMC7316991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulics of plants that have different strategies of stomatal regulation under water stress are relatively poorly understood. We explore how root and shoot hydraulics, stomatal conductance (g s), leaf and root aquaporin (AQP) expression, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in leaf xylem sap ([ABA]xylemsap) may be coordinated under mild water stress and exogenous ABA applications in two Vitis vinifera L. cultivars traditionally classified as near-isohydric (Grenache) and near-anisohydric (Syrah). Under water stress, Grenache exhibited stronger adjustments of plant and root hydraulic conductances and greater stomatal sensitivity to [ABA]xylemsap than Syrah resulting in greater conservation of soil moisture but not necessarily more isohydric behavior. Correlations between leaf (Ψleaf) and predawn (ΨPD) water potentials between cultivars suggested a "hydrodynamic" behavior rather than a particular iso-anisohydric classification. A significant decrease of Ψleaf in well-watered ABA-fed vines supported a role of ABA in the soil-leaf hydraulic pathway to regulate g s. Correlations between leaf and root AQPs expression levels under water deficit could explain the response of leaf (K leaf) and root (Lp r) hydraulic conductances in both cultivars. Additional studies under a wider range of soil water deficits are required to explore the possible differential regulation of g s and plant hydraulics in different cultivars and experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Dayer
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Johannes D. Scharwies
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Wendy Sullivan
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | | | - Vinay Pagay
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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12
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Perlikowski D, Augustyniak A, Skirycz A, Pawłowicz I, Masajada K, Michaelis ÏN, Kosmala A. Efficient root metabolism improves drought resistance of Festuca arundinacea. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:492-504. [PMID: 31738419 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Festuca arundinacea is a model to work on the mechanisms of drought resistance in grasses. The crucial components of that resistance still remain not fully recognized. It was suggested that deep root system could be a crucial trait for drought avoidance strategy but the other components of root performance under water deficit have not paid much attention of scientists. In this study, two genotypes of F. arundinacea with a different ability to withstand soil water deficit were selected to perform comprehensive research, including analysis of root architecture, phytohormones, proteome, primary metabolome and lipidome under progressive stress conditions, followed by a rewatering period. The experiments were performed in tubes, thus enabling undisturbed development of root systems. We demonstrated that long roots are not sufficient to perfectly avoid drought damage in F. arundinacea and to withstand adverse environmental conditions without a disturbed cellular metabolism (with respect to leaf relative water potential and cellular membrane integrity). Furthermore, we proved that metabolic performance of roots is as crucial as its architecture under water deficit, to cope with drought stress via avoidance, tolerance and regeneration strategies. We believe that the presented studies could be a good reference for the other, more applied experiments, in closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Perlikowski
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Adam Augustyniak
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Skirycz
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Izabela Pawłowicz
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Masajada
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
| | - Ï Nne Michaelis
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Kosmala
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznan 60-479, Poland
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13
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Kim Y, Chung YS, Lee E, Tripathi P, Heo S, Kim KH. Root Response to Drought Stress in Rice ( Oryza sativa L .). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1513. [PMID: 32098434 PMCID: PMC7073213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current unpredictable climate changes are causing frequent and severe droughts. Such circumstances emphasize the need to understand the response of plants to drought stress, especially in rice, one of the most important grain crops. Knowledge of the drought stress response components is especially important in plant roots, the major organ for the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Thus, this article reviews the root response to drought stress in rice. It is presented to provide readers with information of use for their own research and breeding program for tolerance to drought stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Eungyeong Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Pooja Tripathi
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Seong Heo
- Ganghwa Agricultural Technology Service Center, Incheon 23038, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Korea;
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14
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Anisimov AV, Dautova NR, Suslov MA. Growth function and intercellular water transfer in excised roots. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1425-1432. [PMID: 31134406 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On the example of maize seedling roots, it was shown that segments of the root suction zone excised from intact mother seedlings maintain the function of elongation growth and are able to regulate water transfer. Using the gradient NMR method, the effective intercellular permeability of root suction zone segments was shown to reduce with respect to intact seedling roots. The segment fragmentation into smaller pieces 3 mm long resulted in the permeability decrease by 60%. The reduction is associated with the cell defensive response to water loss through cuts and blocking of the additive water transfer along the segment length, resulting from segment cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Anisimov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lobachevskogo 2/31 st, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - N R Dautova
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lobachevskogo 2/31 st, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia
| | - Maksim A Suslov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lobachevskogo 2/31 st, P.O. Box 30, Kazan, 420111, Russia.
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15
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Rosales MA, Maurel C, Nacry P. Abscisic Acid Coordinates Dose-Dependent Developmental and Hydraulic Responses of Roots to Water Deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:2198-2211. [PMID: 31164395 PMCID: PMC6670111 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Root water uptake is influenced by root system architecture, which is determined by root growth and branching and the hydraulics of root cells and tissues. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a major role in the adaptation of plants to water deficit (WD). Here we addressed at the whole-root level in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) the regulatory role of ABA in mechanisms that determine root hydraulic architecture. Root system architecture and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) were analyzed in hydroponically grown plants subjected to varying degrees of WD induced by various polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. The majority of root traits investigated, including first- and second-order lateral root production and elongation and whole-root hydraulics, had a bell-shaped dependency on WD, displaying stimulation under mild WD conditions (25 g PEG L-1) and repression under more severe conditions. These traits also showed a bell-shaped dependency on exogenous ABA, and their regulation by WD was attenuated in genotypes altered in ABA biosynthesis and response. Thus, we propose that ABA acts as a coordinator and an integrator of most root responses to mild and moderate WD, whereas responses to strong WD (150 g PEG L-1) are largely ABA independent. We also found that roots exhibit different growth responses to both WD and ABA depending on their rank and age. Taken together, our results give further insights into the coordinated water acquisition strategies of roots deployed in relation to WD intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Rosales
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 place P. Viala F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 place P. Viala F34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, 2 place P. Viala F34060 Montpellier, France
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16
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Barbosa MAM, Chitwood DH, Azevedo AA, Araújo WL, Ribeiro DM, Peres LEP, Martins SCV, Zsögön A. Bundle sheath extensions affect leaf structural and physiological plasticity in response to irradiance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1575-1589. [PMID: 30523629 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coordination between structural and physiological traits is key to plants' responses to environmental fluctuations. In heterobaric leaves, bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) increase photosynthetic performance (light-saturated rates of photosynthesis, Amax ) and water transport capacity (leaf hydraulic conductance, Kleaf ). However, it is not clear how BSEs affect these and other leaf developmental and physiological parameters in response to environmental conditions. The obscuravenosa (obv) mutation, found in many commercial tomato varieties, leads to absence of BSEs. We examined structural and physiological traits of tomato heterobaric and homobaric (obv) near-isogenic lines grown at two different irradiance levels. Kleaf , minor vein density, and stomatal pore area index decreased with shading in heterobaric but not in homobaric leaves, which show similarly lower values in both conditions. Homobaric plants, on the other hand, showed increased Amax , leaf intercellular air spaces, and mesophyll surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (Smes ) in comparison with heterobaric plants when both were grown in the shade. BSEs further affected carbon isotope discrimination, a proxy for long-term water-use efficiency. BSEs confer plasticity in traits related to leaf structure and function in response to irradiance levels and might act as a hub integrating leaf structure, photosynthetic function, and water supply and demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia M Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel H Chitwood
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Aristéa A Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Dimas M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Laboratory of Hormonal Control of Plant Development, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, CP 09, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel C V Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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17
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Climate change and abiotic stress mechanisms in plants. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:165-181. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Predicted global climatic change will perturb the productivity of our most valuable crops as well as detrimentally impact ecological fitness. The most important aspects of climate change with respect to these effects relate to water availability and heat stress. Over multiple decades, the plant research community has amassed a highly comprehensive understanding of the physiological mechanisms that facilitate the maintenance of productivity in response to drought, flooding, and heat stress. Consequently, the foundations necessary to begin the development of elite crop varieties that are primed for climate change are in place. To meet the food and fuel security concerns of a growing population, it is vital that biotechnological and breeding efforts to harness these mechanisms are accelerated in the coming decade. Despite this, those concerned with crop improvement must approach such efforts with caution and ensure that potentially harnessed mechanisms are viable under the context of a dynamically changing environment.
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18
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Qaderi MM, Martel AB, Dixon SL. Environmental Factors Influence Plant Vascular System and Water Regulation. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8030065. [PMID: 30875945 PMCID: PMC6473727 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developmental initiation of plant vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem, from the vascular cambium depends on environmental factors, such as temperature and precipitation. Proper formation of vascular tissue is critical for the transpiration stream, along with photosynthesis as a whole. While effects of individual environmental factors on the transpiration stream are well studied, interactive effects of multiple stress factors are underrepresented. As expected, climate change will result in plants experiencing multiple co-occurring environmental stress factors, which require further studies. Also, the effects of the main climate change components (carbon dioxide, temperature, and drought) on vascular cambium are not well understood. This review aims at synthesizing current knowledge regarding the effects of the main climate change components on the initiation and differentiation of vascular cambium, the transpiration stream, and photosynthesis. We predict that combined environmental factors will result in increased diameter and density of xylem vessels or tracheids in the absence of water stress. However, drought may decrease the density of xylem vessels or tracheids. All interactive combinations are expected to increase vascular cell wall thickness, and therefore increase carbon allocation to these tissues. A comprehensive study of the effects of multiple environmental factors on plant vascular tissue and water regulation should help us understand plant responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirwais M Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Ashley B Martel
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Sage L Dixon
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
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19
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Rodríguez-Gamir J, Xue J, Clearwater MJ, Meason DF, Clinton PW, Domec JC. Aquaporin regulation in roots controls plant hydraulic conductance, stomatal conductance, and leaf water potential in Pinus radiata under water stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:717-729. [PMID: 30307040 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal regulation is crucial for forest species performance and survival on drought-prone sites. We investigated the regulation of root and shoot hydraulics in three Pinus radiata clones exposed to drought stress and its coordination with stomatal conductance (gs ) and leaf water potential (Ψleaf ). All clones experienced a substantial decrease in root-specific root hydraulic conductance (Kroot-r ) in response to the water stress, but leaf-specific shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot-l ) did not change in any of the clones. The reduction in Kroot-r caused a decrease in leaf-specific whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant-l ). Among clones, the larger the decrease in Kplant-l , the more stomata closed in response to drought. Rewatering resulted in a quick recovery of Kroot-r and gs . Our results demonstrated that the reduction in Kplant-l , attributed to a down regulation of aquaporin activity in roots, was linked to the isohydric stomatal behaviour, resulting in a nearly constant Ψleaf as water stress started. We concluded that higher Kplant-l is associated with water stress resistance by sustaining a less negative Ψleaf and delaying stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodríguez-Gamir
- Departamento de Suelos y Riegos, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), Ctra de El boquerón s/n. 38270. San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Forest Systems, Scion, PO Box 29237, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Jianming Xue
- Forest Systems, Scion, PO Box 29237, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Clearwater
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Dean F Meason
- Forest Systems, Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Peter W Clinton
- Forest Systems, Scion, PO Box 29237, Christchurch, 8440, New Zealand
| | - Jean-Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, UMR INRA ISPA 1391, Gradignan, France
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Kim YX, Ranathunge K, Lee S, Lee Y, Lee D, Sung J. Composite Transport Model and Water and Solute Transport across Plant Roots: An Update. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:193. [PMID: 29503659 PMCID: PMC5820301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The present review examines recent experimental findings in root transport phenomena in terms of the composite transport model (CTM). It has been a well-accepted conceptual model to explain the complex water and solute flows across the root that has been related to the composite anatomical structure. There are three parallel pathways involved in the transport of water and solutes in roots - apoplast, symplast, and transcellular paths. The role of aquaporins (AQPs), which facilitate water flows through the transcellular path, and root apoplast is examined in terms of the CTM. The contribution of the plasma membrane bound AQPs for the overall water transport in the whole plant level was varying depending on the plant species, age of roots with varying developmental stages of apoplastic barriers, and driving forces (hydrostatic vs. osmotic). Many studies have demonstrated that the apoplastic barriers, such as Casparian bands in the primary anticlinal walls and suberin lamellae in the secondary cell walls, in the endo- and exodermis are not perfect barriers and unable to completely block the transport of water and some solute transport into the stele. Recent research on water and solute transport of roots with and without exodermis triggered the importance of the extension of conventional CTM adding resistances that arrange in series (epidermis, exodermis, mid-cortex, endodermis, and pericycle). The extension of the model may answer current questions about the applicability of CTM for composite water and solute transport of roots that contain complex anatomical structures with heterogeneous cell layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin X. Kim
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Seulbi Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Deogbae Lee
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
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21
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Oksanen E, Lihavainen J, Keinänen M, Keski-Saari S, Kontunen-Soppela S, Sellin A, Sõber A. Northern Forest Trees Under Increasing Atmospheric Humidity. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2018:317-336. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/124_2017_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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22
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Sutka M, Amodeo G, Ozu M. Plant and animal aquaporins crosstalk: what can be revealed from distinct perspectives. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:545-562. [PMID: 28871493 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) can be revisited from a distinct and complementary perspective: the outcome from analyzing them from both plant and animal studies. (1) The approach in the study. Diversity found in both kingdoms contrasts with the limited number of crystal structures determined within each group. While the structure of almost half of mammal AQPs was resolved, only a few were resolved in plants. Strikingly, the animal structures resolved are mainly derived from the AQP2-lineage, due to their important roles in water homeostasis regulation in humans. The difference could be attributed to the approach: relevance in animal research is emphasized on pathology and in consequence drug screening that can lead to potential inhibitors, enhancers and/or regulators. By contrast, studies on plants have been mainly focused on the physiological role that AQPs play in growth, development and stress tolerance. (2) The transport capacity. Besides the well-described AQPs with high water transport capacity, large amount of evidence confirms that certain plant AQPs can carry a large list of small solutes. So far, animal AQP list is more restricted. In both kingdoms, there is a great amount of evidence on gas transport, although there is still an unsolved controversy around gas translocation as well as the role of the central pore of the tetramer. (3) More roles than expected. We found it remarkable that the view of AQPs as specific channels has evolved first toward simple transporters to molecules that can experience conformational changes triggered by biochemical and/or mechanical signals, turning them also into signaling components and/or behave as osmosensor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Sutka
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Ozu
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Ghosh Dasgupta M, Dharanishanthi V. Identification of PEG-induced water stress responsive transcripts using co-expression network in Eucalyptus grandis. Gene 2017; 627:393-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Groszmann M, Osborn HL, Evans JR. Carbon dioxide and water transport through plant aquaporins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:938-961. [PMID: 27739588 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins are channel proteins that function to increase the permeability of biological membranes. In plants, aquaporins are encoded by multigene families that have undergone substantial diversification in land plants. The plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) subfamily of aquaporins is of particular interest given their potential to improve plant water relations and photosynthesis. Flowering plants have between 7 and 28 PIP genes. Their expression varies with tissue and cell type, through development and in response to a variety of factors, contributing to the dynamic and tissue specific control of permeability. There are a growing number of PIPs shown to act as water channels, but those altering membrane permeability to CO2 are more limited. The structural basis for selective substrate specificities has not yet been resolved, although a few key amino acid positions have been identified. Several regions important for dimerization, gating and trafficking are also known. PIP aquaporins assemble as tetramers and their properties depend on the monomeric composition. PIPs control water flux into and out of veins and stomatal guard cells and also increase membrane permeability to CO2 in mesophyll and stomatal guard cells. The latter increases the effectiveness of Rubisco and can potentially influence transpiration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hannah L Osborn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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25
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Zargar SM, Nagar P, Deshmukh R, Nazir M, Wani AA, Masoodi KZ, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. Aquaporins as potential drought tolerance inducing proteins: Towards instigating stress tolerance. J Proteomics 2017; 169:233-238. [PMID: 28412527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are primarily involved in maintaining cellular water homeostasis. Their role in diverse physiological processes has fascinated plant scientists for more than a decade, particularly concerning abiotic stresses. Increasing examples of evidence in various crop plants indicate that the AQPs are responsible for precise regulation of water movement and consequently play a crucial role in the drought stress tolerance. Since drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production worldwide, it has become a critical agenda to focus research on the development of drought tolerant crop plants. AQPs can act as key candidate molecules to confront this issue. Hence, there is an important need to explore the potential of AQPs by understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathways through which they induce drought tolerance. Moreover, the signalling network/s involved in such pathways needs to be mined and understood correctly, and that may lead to the development of drought tolerance in crop plants. In the present review, opportunity and challenges regarding the efficient utilization of AQP-related information is presented and discussed. The complied information and the discussion will be helpful for designing future experiments and to set the specific goals for the enhancement of drought tolerance in crop plants. Biological Significance Knowledge on the role of AQPs in maintaining cellular water homeostasis has given new hope for developing drought tolerance in crop plants. Since drought is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production worldwide, it has become a critical agenda to focus research on the development of drought-tolerant crop plants. AQPs can act as key candidate molecules to solve this problem through genetic engineering. For this, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms and inter-related pathways through which AQPs induce drought tolerance and to explore the signaling network/s involved in such pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India.
| | - Preeti Nagar
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Departement de Phytologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Muslima Nazir
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Khalid Zaffar Masoodi
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ishikawa-Sakurai J, Murai-Hatano M, Hayashi H, Matsunami M, Kuwagata T. Rice aquaporins and their responses to environmental stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3117/rootres.26.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ishikawa-Sakurai
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | | | - Hidehiro Hayashi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | - Maya Matsunami
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- JSPS Research Fellow
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Vitali M, Cochard H, Gambino G, Ponomarenko A, Perrone I, Lovisolo C. VvPIP2;4N aquaporin involvement in controlling leaf hydraulic capacitance and resistance in grapevine. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:284-296. [PMID: 27137520 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic capacitance (C) in a plant tissue buffers the xylem tension, storing and releasing water and has been highlighted in recent years as an important factor that affects water relations such as drought tolerance and embolism formation. Aquaporins (AQPs) are well known to control leaf hydraulic resistance (Rh) but their role in the control of C is unknown. Here, we assess Rh and C on detached grapevines wild-type (WT) (cv. Brachetto) leaves and over-expressing the aquaporin gene VvPIP2;4N (OE). For this purpose, we developed a new method inspired from the pressure-volume curve technique and the rehydration-kinetic-method, which allowed us to monitor the dynamics of dehydration and rehydration in the same leaf. The recovery after dehydration was measured in dark, light non-transpirative conditions, light-transpirative conditions and light-transpirative condition adding abscisic acid. Pressurizing to dehydrate leaves in the OE line, the recorded Rh and C were respectively lower and higher than those in the WT. The same results were obtained in the dark recovery by rehydration treatment. In the presence of light, either when leaves transpired or not (by depressing vapor pressure deficit), the described effects disappeared. The change in Rh and C did not affect the kinetics of desiccation of detached leaves in dark in air, in OE plants compared to WT ones. Our study highlighted that both Rh and C were influenced by the constitutive over-expression of VvPIP2;4N. The effect of AQPs on C is reported here for the first time and may involve a modulation of cell reflection coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vitali
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
- UMR 547 PIAF, University Blaise Pascal, Aubière, F-63177, France
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | | | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Claudio Lovisolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
- INRA, UMR 547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63100, France
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Maurel C, Verdoucq L, Rodrigues O. Aquaporins and plant transpiration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2580-2587. [PMID: 27497047 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although transpiration and aquaporins have long been identified as two key components influencing plant water status, it is only recently that their relations have been investigated in detail. The present review first examines the various facets of aquaporin function in stomatal guard cells and shows that it involves transport of water but also of other molecules such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. At the whole plant level, changes in tissue hydraulics mediated by root and shoot aquaporins can indirectly impact plant transpiration. Recent studies also point to a feedback effect of transpiration on aquaporin function. These mechanisms may contribute to the difference between isohydric and anisohydric stomatal regulation of leaf water status. The contribution of aquaporins to transpiration control goes far beyond the issue of water transport during stomatal movements and involves emerging cellular and long-distance signalling mechanisms which ultimately act on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060, Cedex 2, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060, Cedex 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060, Cedex 2, Montpellier, France
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Xue LJ, Frost CJ, Tsai CJ, Harding SA. Drought response transcriptomes are altered in poplar with reduced tonoplast sucrose transporter expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33655. [PMID: 27641356 PMCID: PMC5027551 DOI: 10.1038/srep33655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic Populus tremula x alba (717-1B4) plants with reduced expression of a tonoplast sucrose efflux transporter, PtaSUT4, exhibit reduced shoot growth compared to wild type (WT) under sustained mild drought. The present study was undertaken to determine whether SUT4-RNAi directly or indirectly altered poplar predisposition and/or response to changes in soil water availability. While sucrose and hexose levels were constitutively elevated in shoot organs, expression responses to drought were most altered in the root tips of SUT4-RNAi plants. Prior to any drought treatment, constitutively elevated transcript levels of abscisic acid biosynthetic genes and bark/vegetative storage proteins suggested altered metabolism in root tips of RNAi plants. Stronger drought-stimulation of stress-inducible genes encoding late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins in transgenic roots was consistent with increased vulnerability to soil drying. Transcript evidence suggested an RNAi effect on intercellular water trafficking by aquaporins in stem xylem during soil drying and recovery. Co-expression network analysis predicted altered integration of abscisic acid sensing/signaling with ethylene and jasmonate sensing/signaling in RNAi compared to WT roots. The overall conclusion is that steepened shoot-root sugar gradient in RNAi plants increased sensitivity of root tips to decreasing soil water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jiao Xue
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Christopher J. Frost
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Scott A. Harding
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources and Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Rodríguez-Gamir J, Primo-Millo E, Forner-Giner MÁ. An Integrated View of Whole-Tree Hydraulic Architecture. Does Stomatal or Hydraulic Conductance Determine Whole Tree Transpiration? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155246. [PMID: 27223695 PMCID: PMC4880183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydraulic conductance exerts a strong influence on many aspects of plant physiology, namely: transpiration, CO2 assimilation, growth, productivity or stress response. However we lack full understanding of the contribution of root or shoot water transport capacity to the total water balance, something which is difficult to study in trees. Here we tested the hypothesis that whole plant hydraulic conductance modulates plant transpiration using two different seedlings of citrus rootstocks, Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. and Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort ex Tan.). The two genotypes presented important differences in their root or shoot hydraulic conductance contribution to whole plant hydraulic conductance but, even so, water balance proved highly dependent on whole plant conductance. Further, we propose there is a possible equilibrium between root and shoot hydraulic conductance, similar to that between shoot and root biomass production, which could be related with xylem anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodríguez-Gamir
- Department of Citriculture and Vegetal Production, Valencian Institute of Agrarias Research, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Primo-Millo
- Department of Citriculture and Vegetal Production, Valencian Institute of Agrarias Research, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Forner-Giner
- Department of Citriculture and Vegetal Production, Valencian Institute of Agrarias Research, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Li G, Tillard P, Gojon A, Maurel C. Dual regulation of root hydraulic conductivity and plasma membrane aquaporins by plant nitrate accumulation and high-affinity nitrate transporter NRT2.1. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:733-42. [PMID: 26823528 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The water status and mineral nutrition of plants critically determine their growth and development. Nitrate (NO3(-)), the primary nitrogen source of higher plants, is known to impact the water transport capacity of roots (root hydraulic conductivity, Lpr). To explore the effects and mode of action of NO3(-) on Lpr, we used an extended set of NO3(-) transport (nrt1.1, nrt1.2, nrt1.5 and nrt2.1), signaling (nrt1.1 and nrt2.1) and metabolism (nia) mutants in Arabidopsis, grown under various NO3(-) conditions. First, a strong positive relationship between Lpr and NO3(-) accumulation, in shoots rather than in roots, was revealed. Secondly, a specific 30% reduction of Lpr in nrt2.1 plants unraveled a major role for the high-affinity NO3(-) transporter NRT2.1 in increasing Lpr These results indicate that NO3(-)signaling rather than nitrogen assimilation products governs Lpr in Arabidopsis. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to investigate the effects of NO3(-) availability on plasma membrane aquaporin (plasma membrane intrinsic protein; PIP) expression. Whereas PIP regulation mostly occurs at the post-translational level in wild-type plants, a regulation of PIPs at both the transcriptional and translational levels was uncovered in nrt2.1 plants. In conclusion, this work reveals that control of Arabidopsis Lpr and PIP functions by NO3(-) involves novel shoot to root signaling and NRT2.1-dependent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Pascal Tillard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Alain Gojon
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, INRA/CNRS/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, Cedex 2, France
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Ranganathan K, El Kayal W, Cooke JEK, Zwiazek JJ. Responses of hybrid aspen over-expressing a PIP2;5 aquaporin to low root temperature. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 192:98-104. [PMID: 26895330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins mediate the movement of water across cell membranes. Plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2;5 from Populus trichocarpa×deltoides (PtdPIP2;5) was previously demonstrated to be a functionally important water conducting aquaporin. To study the relevance of aquaporin-mediated root water transport at low temperatures, we generated transgenic Populus tremula×alba over-expressing PtdPIP2;5 under control of the maize ubiquitin promoter, and compared the physiological responses and water transport properties of the PtdPIP2;5 over-expressing lines (PtdPIP2;5ox) with wild-type plants. We hypothesized that over-expression of PtdPIP2;5 would reduce temperature sensitivity of root water transport and gas exchange. Decreasing root temperatures to 10 and 5°C significantly decreased hydraulic conductivities (Lp) in wild-type plants, but had no significant effect on Lp in PtdPIP2;5ox plants. Recovery of Lp in the transgenic lines returned to 20°C from 5°C was faster than in the wild-type plants. Low root temperature did not induce major changes in transcript levels for other PIPs. When roots were exposed to 5°C in solution culture and shoots were exposed to 20°C, wild-type plants had significantly lower net photosynthetic and transpiration rates compared to PtdPIP2;5ox plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that over-expression of PtdPIP2;5 in P. tremula×alba was effective in alleviating the effects of low root temperature on Lp and gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapilan Ranganathan
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Walid El Kayal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janice E K Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Fracasso A, Trindade L, Amaducci S. Drought tolerance strategies highlighted by two Sorghum bicolor races in a dry-down experiment. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 190:1-14. [PMID: 26624226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is the major environmental stress that affects more and more frequently plant growth and productivity due to the current climate change scenario. Unravelling the physiological mechanism underlying the response of plants to water stress and discover traits related to drought tolerance provide new and powerful tools for the selection in breeding programmes. Four genotypes of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench were screened in a dry-down experiment using different approaches to discover physiological and molecular indicators of drought tolerance. Different strategies were identified in response to drought among the four genotypes and the two Sorghum race allowing to state the tolerance of durra race compared to the caudatum one and, within the durra race, the drought tolerance of the genotype IS22330. It retained high biomass production and high tolerance index, it had a low threshold of fraction of transpirable soil water and high capacity to recover leaf apparatus after drought stress. Furthermore in this study, the expression levels of four genes highlighted that they could be used as proxy for drought tolerance. Dehdrine (DHN) could be used for screening drought tolerance both in durra and in caudatum races. NADP-Malic Enzyme, Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) and Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein (PIP2-5), being up-regulated by drought stress only in durra race, have a more limited, though nonetheless useful application. In the tolerant durra genotype IS22330 in particular, the regulation of stomatal openings was strongly related to NADP-Malic Enzyme expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fracasso
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Luisa Trindade
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefano Amaducci
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
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35
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Rasheed-Depardieu C, Parelle J, Tatin-Froux F, Parent C, Capelli N. Short-term response to waterlogging in Quercus petraea and Quercus robur: A study of the root hydraulic responses and the transcriptional pattern of aquaporins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:323-30. [PMID: 26519820 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the short-term response to waterlogging in Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus robur L. as the initial response towards their known long-term differences in tolerance to waterlogging. One-month old seedlings were subjected to hypoxic stress and leaf gas exchange, shoot water potential (Ψs) and root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) were measured. In parallel, the expression of nine aquaporins (AQPs) along the primary root was analysed by quantitative RT-PCR. Results showed a similar reduction in net assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) for the two species. Notably, the response of Lpr differed temporally between the two species. Q. robur seedlings exhibited a significant early decline of Lpr within the first 5 h that returned to control levels after 48 h, whereas Q. petraea seedlings showed a delayed response with a significant decrease of Lpr exhibited only after 48 h. Transcriptional profiling revealed that three genes (PIP1;3, TIP2;1 and TIP2;2) were differentially regulated under stress conditions in the two oak species. Taken together, these results suggested species-specific responses to short-term waterlogging in terms of root water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Rasheed-Depardieu
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Usc INRA, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France.
| | - Julien Parelle
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Usc INRA, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Fabienne Tatin-Froux
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Usc INRA, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Claire Parent
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Usc INRA, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Capelli
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Usc INRA, CNRS - Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France.
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Yaneff A, Vitali V, Amodeo G. PIP1 aquaporins: Intrinsic water channels or PIP2 aquaporin modulators? FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3508-15. [PMID: 26526614 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved plant aquaporins, known as Plasma membrane Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs), are the main gateways for cell membrane water exchange. Years of research have described in detail the properties of the PIP2 subfamily. However, characterizing the PIP1 subfamily has been difficult due to the failure to localize to the plasma membrane. In addition, the discovery of the PIP1-PIP2 interaction suggested that PIP1 aquaporins could be regulated by a complex posttranslational mechanism that involves trafficking, heteromerization and fine-tuning of channel activity. This review not only considers the evidence and findings but also discusses the complexity of PIP aquaporins. To establish a new benchmark in PIP regulation, we propose to consider PIP1-PIP2 pairs as functional units for the purpose of future research into their physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Yaneff
- Departamento de Biodiversidad de Biología Experimental and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Vitali
- Departamento de Biodiversidad de Biología Experimental and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad de Biología Experimental and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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37
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Maurel C, Boursiac Y, Luu DT, Santoni V, Shahzad Z, Verdoucq L. Aquaporins in Plants. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1321-58. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and small neutral molecules across biological membranes of most living organisms. In plants, aquaporins occur as multiple isoforms reflecting a high diversity of cellular localizations, transport selectivity, and regulation properties. Plant aquaporins are localized in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, plastids and, in some species, in membrane compartments interacting with symbiotic organisms. Plant aquaporins can transport various physiological substrates in addition to water. Of particular relevance for plants is the transport of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia or metalloids such as boron and silicon. Structure-function studies are developed to address the molecular and cellular mechanisms of plant aquaporin gating and subcellular trafficking. Phosphorylation plays a central role in these two processes. These mechanisms allow aquaporin regulation in response to signaling intermediates such as cytosolic pH and calcium, and reactive oxygen species. Combined genetic and physiological approaches are now integrating this knowledge, showing that aquaporins play key roles in hydraulic regulation in roots and leaves, during drought but also in response to stimuli as diverse as flooding, nutrient availability, temperature, or light. A general hydraulic control of plant tissue expansion by aquaporins is emerging, and their role in key developmental processes (seed germination, emergence of lateral roots) has been established. Plants with genetically altered aquaporin functions are now tested for their ability to improve plant tolerance to stresses. In conclusion, research on aquaporins delineates ever expanding fields in plant integrative biology thereby establishing their crucial role in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yann Boursiac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Doan-Trung Luu
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Santoni
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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38
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Miniussi M, Del Terra L, Savi T, Pallavicini A, Nardini A. Aquaporins in Coffea arabica L.: Identification, expression, and impacts on plant water relations and hydraulics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 95:92-102. [PMID: 26241904 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant aquaporins (AQPs) are involved in the transport of water and other small solutes across cell membranes, and thus play major roles in the regulation of plant water balance, as well as in growth regulation and response to abiotic stress factors. Limited information is currently available about the presence and role of AQPs in Coffea arabica L., despite the economic importance of the species and its vulnerability to drought stress. We identified candidate AQP genes by screening a proprietary C. arabica transcriptome database, resulting in the identification of nine putative aquaporins. A phylogenetic analysis based on previously characterized AQPs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum tuberosum allowed to assign the putative coffee AQP sequences to the Tonoplast (TIP) and Plasma membrane (PIP) subfamilies. The possible functional role of coffee AQPs was explored by measuring hydraulic conductance and aquaporin gene expression on leaf and root tissues of two-year-old plants (C. arabica cv. Pacamara) subjected to different experimental conditions. In a first experiment, we tested plants for root and leaf hydraulic conductance both before dawn and at mid-day, to check the eventual impact of light on AQP activity and plant hydraulics. In a second experiment, we measured plant hydraulic responses to different water stress levels as eventually affected by changes in AQPs expression levels. Our results shed light on the possible roles of AQPs in the regulation of C. arabica hydraulics and water balance, opening promising research lines to improve the sustainability of coffee cultivation under global climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Miniussi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Tadeja Savi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Bi Z, Merl-Pham J, Uehlein N, Zimmer I, Mühlhans S, Aichler M, Walch AK, Kaldenhoff R, Palme K, Schnitzler JP, Block K. RNAi-mediated downregulation of poplar plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) changes plasma membrane proteome composition and affects leaf physiology. J Proteomics 2015; 128:321-32. [PMID: 26248320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are one subfamily of aquaporins that mediate the transmembrane transport of water. To reveal their function in poplar, we generated transgenic poplar plants in which the translation of PIP genes was downregulated by RNA interference investigated these plants with a comprehensive leaf plasma membrane proteome and physiome analysis. First, inhibition of PIP synthesis strongly altered the leaf plasma membrane protein composition. Strikingly, several signaling components and transporters involved in the regulation of stomatal movement were differentially regulated in transgenic poplars. Furthermore, hormonal crosstalk related to abscisic acid, auxin and brassinosteroids was altered, in addition to cell wall biosynthesis/cutinization, the organization of cellular structures and membrane trafficking. A physiological analysis confirmed the proteomic results. The leaves had wider opened stomata and higher net CO2 assimilation and transpiration rates as well as greater mesophyll conductance for CO2 (gm) and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf). Based on these results, we conclude that PIP proteins not only play essential roles in whole leaf water and CO2 flux but have important roles in the regulation of stomatal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Bi
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science-Core Facility Proteomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Uehlein
- Institute of Applied Plant Science, University of Technology Darmstadt, Schnittspahndtr.10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ina Zimmer
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Mühlhans
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Karl Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kaldenhoff
- Institute of Applied Plant Science, University of Technology Darmstadt, Schnittspahndtr.10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Klaus Palme
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, ZBSA Centre for Biosystems Studies, Faculty of Biology, Schänzlestr. 1, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katja Block
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Brunner I, Herzog C, Dawes MA, Arend M, Sperisen C. How tree roots respond to drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:547. [PMID: 26284083 PMCID: PMC4518277 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing climate change is characterized by increased temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. In addition, there has been an increase in both the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events such as drought. Episodes of drought induce a series of interconnected effects, all of which have the potential to alter the carbon balance of forest ecosystems profoundly at different scales of plant organization and ecosystem functioning. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of how aboveground parts of trees respond to drought and how these responses affect carbon assimilation. In contrast, processes of belowground parts are relatively underrepresented in research on climate change. In this review, we describe current knowledge about responses of tree roots to drought. Tree roots are capable of responding to drought through a variety of strategies that enable them to avoid and tolerate stress. Responses include root biomass adjustments, anatomical alterations, and physiological acclimations. The molecular mechanisms underlying these responses are characterized to some extent, and involve stress signaling and the induction of numerous genes, leading to the activation of tolerance pathways. In addition, mycorrhizas seem to play important protective roles. The current knowledge compiled in this review supports the view that tree roots are well equipped to withstand drought situations and maintain morphological and physiological functions as long as possible. Further, the reviewed literature demonstrates the important role of tree roots in the functioning of forest ecosystems and highlights the need for more research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claude Herzog
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ZürichZürich, Switzerland
| | - Melissa A. Dawes
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Arend
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Sperisen
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLBirmensdorf, Switzerland
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Trifilò P, Nardini A, Lo Gullo MA, Barbera PM, Savi T, Raimondo F. Diurnal changes in embolism rate in nine dry forest trees: relationships with species-specific xylem vulnerability, hydraulic strategy and wood traits. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:694-705. [PMID: 26116926 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported correlations between stem sapwood capacitance (C(wood)) and xylem vulnerability to embolism, but it is unclear how C(wood) relates to the eventual ability of plants to reverse embolism. We investigated possible functional links between embolism reversal efficiency, C(wood), wood density (WD), vulnerability to xylem embolism and hydraulic safety margins in nine woody species native to dry sclerophyllous forests with different degrees of iso versus anisohydry. Substantial inter-specific differences in terms of seasonal/diurnal changes of xylem and leaf water potential, maximum diurnal values of transpiration rate and xylem vulnerability to embolism formation were recorded. Significant diurnal changes in percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) were recorded for five species. Significant correlations were recorded between diurnal PLC changes and P50 and P88 values (i.e., xylem pressure inducing 50 and 88% PLC, respectively) as well as between diurnal PLC changes and safety margins referenced to P50 and P88. WD was linearly correlated with minimum diurnal leaf water potential, diurnal PLC changes and wood capacitance across all species. In contrast, significant relationships between P50, safety margin values referenced to P50 and WD were recorded only for the isohydric species. Functional links between diurnal changes in PLC, hydraulic strategies and WD and C(wood) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Trifilò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali, Università di Messina, Salita F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria A Lo Gullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali, Università di Messina, Salita F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Piera M Barbera
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Tadeja Savi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Raimondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali, Università di Messina, Salita F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Adiredjo AL, Navaud O, Grieu P, Lamaze T. Hydraulic conductivity and contribution of aquaporins to water uptake in roots of four sunflower genotypes. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2014; 55:75. [PMID: 28510954 PMCID: PMC5430332 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-014-0075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article evaluates the potential of intraspecific variation for whole-root hydraulic properties in sunflower. We investigated genotypic differences related to root water transport in four genotypes selected because of their differing water use efficiency (JAC doi: 10.1111/jac.12079. 2014). We used a pressure-flux approach to characterize hydraulic conductance (L 0 ) which reflects the overall water uptake capacity of the roots and hydraulic conductivity (Lp r ) which represents the root intrinsic water permeability on an area basis. The contribution of aquaporins (AQPs) to water uptake was explored using mercuric chloride (HgCl2), a general AQP blocker. RESULTS There were considerable variations in root morphology between genotypes. Mean values of L 0 and Lp r showed significant variation (above 60% in both cases) between recombinant inbred lines in control plants. Pressure-induced sap flow was strongly inhibited by HgCl2 treatment in all genotypes (more than 50%) and contribution of AQPs to hydraulic conductivity varied between genotypes. Treated root systems displayed markedly different L 0 values between genotypes whereas Lp r values were similar. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis points to marked differences between genotypes in the intrinsic aquaporin-dependent path (Lp r in control plants) but not in the intrinsic AQP-independent paths (Lp r in HgCl2 treated plants). Overall, root anatomy was a major determinant of water transport properties of the whole organ and can compensate for a low AQP contribution. Hydraulic properties of root tissues and organs might have to be taken into account for plant breeding since they appear to play a key role in sunflower water balance and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afifuddin Latif Adiredjo
- Université de Toulouse, INP - ENSAT, UMR 1248 AGIR (INPT-INRA), Castanet-Tolosan, 31326 France
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Plant Breeding Laboratory, Brawijaya University, Veteran street, Malang, 65145 Indonesia
| | - Olivier Navaud
- Université de Toulouse, UPS - Toulouse III, UMR 5126 CESBIO, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31401 Cedex 9 France
| | - Philippe Grieu
- Université de Toulouse, INP - ENSAT, UMR 1248 AGIR (INPT-INRA), Castanet-Tolosan, 31326 France
| | - Thierry Lamaze
- Université de Toulouse, UPS - Toulouse III, UMR 5126 CESBIO, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31401 Cedex 9 France
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Srivastava AK, Penna S, Nguyen DV, Tran LSP. Multifaceted roles of aquaporins as molecular conduits in plant responses to abiotic stresses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2014; 36:389-98. [PMID: 25430890 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.973367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress has become a challenge to food security due to occurrences of climate change and environmental degradation. Plants initiate molecular, cellular and physiological changes to respond and adapt to various types of abiotic stress. Understanding of plant response mechanisms will aid in strategies aimed at improving stress tolerance in crop plants. One of the most common and early symptoms associated with these stresses is the disturbance in plant-water homeostasis, which is regulated by a group of proteins called "aquaporins". Aquaporins constitute a small family of proteins which are classified further on the basis of their localization, such as plasma membrane intrinsic proteins, tonoplast intrinsic proteins, nodulin26-like intrinsic proteins (initially identified in symbiosomes of legumes but also found in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum), small basic intrinsic proteins localized in ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and X intrinsic proteins present in plasma membrane. Apart from water, aquaporins are also known to transport CO2, H2O2, urea, ammonia, silicic acid, arsenite and wide range of small uncharged solutes. Besides, aquaporins also function to modulate abiotic stress-induced signaling. Such kind of versatile functions has made aquaporins a suitable candidate for development of transgenic plants with increased tolerance toward different abiotic stress. Toward this endeavor, the present review describes the versatile functions of aquaporins in water uptake, nutrient balancing, long-distance signal transfer, nutrient/heavy metal acquisition and seed development. Various functional genomic studies showing the potential of specific aquaporin isoforms for enhancing plant abiotic stress tolerance are summarized and future research directions are given to design stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- a Plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- a Plant Stress Physiology and Biotechnology Section, Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
| | - Dong Van Nguyen
- b National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology , Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science , Hanoi , Vietnam , and
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- c Signaling Pathway Research Unit , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
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Laur J, Hacke UG. The role of water channel proteins in facilitating recovery of leaf hydraulic conductance from water stress in Populus trichocarpa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111751. [PMID: 25406088 PMCID: PMC4236056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas exchange is constrained by the whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant). Leaves account for an important fraction of Kplant and may therefore represent a major determinant of plant productivity. Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) decreases with increasing water stress, which is due to xylem embolism in leaf veins and/or the properties of the extra-xylary pathway. Water flow through living tissues is facilitated and regulated by water channel proteins called aquaporins (AQPs). Here we assessed changes in the hydraulic conductance of Populus trichocarpa leaves during a dehydration-rewatering episode. While leaves were highly sensitive to drought, Kleaf recovered only 2 hours after plants were rewatered. Recovery of Kleaf was absent when excised leaves were bench-dried and subsequently xylem-perfused with a solution containing AQP inhibitors. We examined the expression patterns of 12 highly expressed AQP genes during a dehydration-rehydration episode to identify isoforms that may be involved in leaf hydraulic adjustments. Among the AQPs tested, several genes encoding tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) showed large increases in expression in rehydrated leaves, suggesting that TIPs contribute to reversing drought-induced reductions in Kleaf. TIPs were localized in xylem parenchyma, consistent with a role in facilitating water exchange between xylem vessels and adjacent living cells. Dye uptake experiments suggested that reversible embolism formation in minor leaf veins contributed to the observed changes in Kleaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Laur
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Uwe G. Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Vadez V, Kholova J, Medina S, Kakkera A, Anderberg H. Transpiration efficiency: new insights into an old story. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6141-53. [PMID: 24600020 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Producing more food per unit of water has never been as important as it is at present, and the demand for water by economic sectors other than agriculture will necessarily put a great deal of pressure on a dwindling resource, leading to a call for increases in the productivity of water in agriculture. This topic has been given high priority in the research agenda for the last 30 years, but with the exception of a few specific cases, such as water-use-efficient wheat in Australia, breeding crops for water-use efficiency has yet to be accomplished. Here, we review the efforts to harness transpiration efficiency (TE); that is, the genetic component of water-use efficiency. As TE is difficult to measure, especially in the field, evaluations of TE have relied mostly on surrogate traits, although this has most likely resulted in over-dependence on the surrogates. A new lysimetric method for assessing TE gravimetrically throughout the entire cropping cycle has revealed high genetic variation in different cereals and legumes. Across species, water regimes, and a wide range of genotypes, this method has clearly established an absence of relationships between TE and total water use, which dismisses previous claims that high TE may lead to a lower production potential. More excitingly, a tight link has been found between these large differences in TE in several crops and attributes of plants that make them restrict water losses under high vapour-pressure deficits. This trait provides new insight into the genetics of TE, especially from the perspective of plant hydraulics, probably with close involvement of aquaporins, and opens new possibilities for achieving genetic gains via breeding focused on this trait. Last but not least, small amounts of water used in specific periods of the crop cycle, such as during grain filling, may be critical. We assessed the efficiency of water use at these critical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Greater Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jana Kholova
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Greater Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Susan Medina
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Greater Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Kakkera
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Crop Physiology Laboratory, Patancheru 502324, Greater Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Hanna Anderberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Sweden
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Liu J, Equiza MA, Navarro-Rodenas A, Lee SH, Zwiazek JJ. Hydraulic adjustments in aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings following defoliation involve root and leaf aquaporins. PLANTA 2014; 240:553-564. [PMID: 24957702 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in root and leaf hydraulic properties and stimulation of transpiration rates that were initially triggered by defoliation were accompanied by corresponding changes in leaf and root aquaporin expression. Aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings were subjected to defoliation treatments by removing 50, 75 % or all of the leaves. Root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) was sharply reduced in plants defoliated for 1 day and 1 week. The decrease in L pr could not be prevented by stem girdling and it was accompanied in one-day-defoliated plants by a large decrease in the root expression of PIP1,2 aquaporin and an over twofold decrease in hydraulic conductivity of root cortical cells (L pc). Contrary to L pr and L pc, 50 and 75 % defoliation treatments profoundly increased leaf lamina conductance (K lam) after 1 day and this increase was similar in magnitude for both defoliation treatments. Transpiration rates (E) rapidly declined after the removal of 75 % of leaves. However, E increased by over twofold in defoliated plants after 1 day and the increases in E and K lam were accompanied by five- and tenfold increases in the leaf expression of PIP2;4 in 50 and 75 % defoliation treatments, respectively. Defoliation treatments also stimulated net photosynthesis after 1 day and 3 weeks, although the increase was not as high as E. Leaf water potentials remained relatively stable following defoliation with the exception of a small decrease 1 day after defoliation which suggests that root water transport did not initially keep pace with the increased transpirational water loss. The results demonstrate the importance of root and leaf hydraulic properties in plant responses to defoliation and point to the involvement of PIP aquaporins in the early events following the loss of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
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Perez-Martin A, Michelazzo C, Torres-Ruiz JM, Flexas J, Fernández JE, Sebastiani L, Diaz-Espejo A. Regulation of photosynthesis and stomatal and mesophyll conductance under water stress and recovery in olive trees: correlation with gene expression of carbonic anhydrase and aquaporins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3143-56. [PMID: 24799563 PMCID: PMC4071832 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that aquaporins and carbonic anhydrase (CA) are involved in the regulation of stomatal (g s) and mesophyll (g m) conductance to CO2 was tested in a short-term water-stress and recovery experiment in 5-year-old olive plants (Olea europaea) growing outdoors. The evolution of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant water status, and a quantitative analysis of photosynthesis limitations, were followed during water stress and recovery. These variables were correlated with gene expression of the aquaporins OePIP1.1 and OePIP2.1, and stromal CA. At mild stress and at the beginning of the recovery period, stomatal limitations prevailed, while the decline in g m accounted for up to 60% of photosynthesis limitations under severe water stress. However, g m was restored to control values shortly after rewatering, facilitating the recovery of the photosynthetic rate. CA was downregulated during water stress and upregulated after recovery. The use of structural equation modelling allowed us to conclude that both OePIP1.1 and OePIP2.1 expression could explain most of the variations observed for g s and g m. CA expression also had a small but significant effect on g m in olive under water-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Perez-Martin
- Group of Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Chiara Michelazzo
- Biolabs, ISV, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza M. della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jose M Torres-Ruiz
- Group of Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears; Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - José E Fernández
- Group of Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- Biolabs, ISV, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza M. della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Diaz-Espejo
- Group of Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, IRNAS-CSIC, Apartado 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
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Laur J, Hacke UG. Exploring Picea glauca aquaporins in the context of needle water uptake and xylem refilling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:388-400. [PMID: 24702644 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Conifer needles have been reported to absorb water under certain conditions. Radial water movement across needle tissues is likely influenced by aquaporin (AQP) water channels. Foliar water uptake and AQP localization in Picea glauca needles were studied using physiological and microscopic methods. AQP expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Members of the AQP gene family in spruce were identified using homology search tools. Needles of drought-stressed plants absorbed water when exposed to high relative humidity (RH). AQPs were present in the endodermis-like bundle sheath, in phloem cells and in the transfusion parenchyma of needles. Up-regulation of AQPs in high RH coincided with embolism repair in stem xylem. The present study also provides the most comprehensive functional and phylogenetic analysis of spruce AQPs to date. Thirty putative complete AQP sequences were found. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that AQPs facilitate radial water movement from the needle epidermis towards the vascular tissue. Foliar water uptake may occur in late winter when needles are covered by melting snow and may provide a water source for embolism repair before the beginning of the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Laur
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
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Chaumont F, Tyerman SD. Aquaporins: highly regulated channels controlling plant water relations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1600-18. [PMID: 24449709 PMCID: PMC3982727 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.233791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are dependent on tight regulation of water movement. Water diffusion across cell membranes is facilitated by aquaporins that provide plants with the means to rapidly and reversibly modify water permeability. This is done by changing aquaporin density and activity in the membrane, including posttranslational modifications and protein interaction that act on their trafficking and gating. At the whole organ level aquaporins modify water conductance and gradients at key "gatekeeper" cell layers that impact on whole plant water flow and plant water potential. In this way they may act in concert with stomatal regulation to determine the degree of isohydry/anisohydry. Molecular, physiological, and biophysical approaches have demonstrated that variations in root and leaf hydraulic conductivity can be accounted for by aquaporins but this must be integrated with anatomical considerations. This Update integrates these data and emphasizes the central role played by aquaporins in regulating plant water relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4–L7.07.14, B–1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (F.C.); and
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (S.D.T.)
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Fricke W, Bijanzadeh E, Emam Y, Knipfer T. Root hydraulics in salt-stressed wheat. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:366-378. [PMID: 32480997 DOI: 10.1071/fp13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test whether salinity, which can impact through its osmotic stress component on the ability of plants to take up water, affects root water transport properties (hydraulic conductivity) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L). Hydroponically grown plants were exposed to 100mM NaCl when they were 10-11 days old. Plants were analysed during the vegetative stage of development when they were 15-17 days old and the root system consisted entirely of seminal roots, and when they were 22-24 days old, by which time adventitious roots had developed. Root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) was determined through exudation experiments (osmotic Lp) on individual roots and the entire plant root system, and through experiments involving intact, transpiring plants (hydrostatic Lp). Salt stress caused a general reduction (40-80%) in Lp, irrespective of whether individual seminal and adventitious roots, entire root systems or intact, transpiring plants were analysed. Osmotic and hydrostatic Lp were in the same range. The data suggest that most radial root water uptake in wheat grown in the presence and absence of NaCl occurs along a pathway that involves the crossing of membranes. As wheat plants develop, a nonmembraneous (apoplast) pathway contributes increasingly to radial water uptake in control but not in NaCl-stressed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ehsan Bijanzadeh
- Crop Production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Yahya Emam
- Crop Production and Plant Breeding Department, Agriculture College, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Thorsten Knipfer
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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