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Bychkov IA, Andreeva AA, Vankova R, Lacek J, Kudryakova NV, Kusnetsov VV. Modified Crosstalk between Phytohormones in Arabidopsis Mutants for PEP-Associated Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1586. [PMID: 38338865 PMCID: PMC10855609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) forms a multisubunit complex in operating chloroplasts, where PEP subunits and a sigma factor are tightly associated with 12 additional nuclear-encoded proteins. Mutants with disrupted genes encoding PEP-associated proteins (PAPs) provide unique tools for deciphering mutual relationships among phytohormones. A block of chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis pap mutants specifying highly altered metabolism in white tissues induced dramatic fluctuations in the content of major phytohormones and their metabolic genes, whereas hormone signaling circuits mostly remained functional. Reprogramming of the expression of biosynthetic and metabolic genes contributed to a greatly increased content of salicylic acid (SA) and a concomitant decrease in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), precursors of ethylene and jasmonic acid, respectively, in parallel to reduced levels of abscisic acid (ABA). The lack of differences in the free levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) between the pap mutants and wild-type plants was accompanied by fluctuations in the contents of IAA precursors and conjugated forms as well as multilayered changes in the expression of IAA metabolic genes. Along with cytokinin (CK) overproduction, all of these compensatory changes aim to balance plant growth and defense systems to ensure viability under highly modulated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Bychkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (I.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Aleksandra A. Andreeva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (I.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences CR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (J.L.)
| | - Jozef Lacek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences CR, Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (J.L.)
| | - Natalia V. Kudryakova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (I.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (V.V.K.)
| | - Victor V. Kusnetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (I.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (V.V.K.)
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Overexpression of CmWRKY8-1- VP64 Fusion Protein Reduces Resistance in Response to Fusarium oxysporum by Modulating the Salicylic Acid Signaling Pathway in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043499. [PMID: 36834908 PMCID: PMC9964100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum Fusarium wilt, caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, severely reduces ornamental quality and yields. WRKY transcription factors are extensively involved in regulating disease resistance pathways in a variety of plants; however, it is unclear how members of this family regulate the defense against Fusarium wilt in chrysanthemums. In this study, we characterized the WRKY family gene CmWRKY8-1 from the chrysanthemum cultivar 'Jinba', which is localized to the nucleus and has no transcriptional activity. We obtained CmWRKY8-1 transgenic chrysanthemum lines overexpressing the CmWRKY8-1-VP64 fusion protein that showed less resistance to F. oxysporum. Compared to Wild Type (WT) lines, CmWRKY8-1 transgenic lines had lower endogenous salicylic acid (SA) content and expressed levels of SA-related genes. RNA-Seq analysis of the WT and CmWRKY8-1-VP64 transgenic lines revealed some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the SA signaling pathway, such as PAL, AIM1, NPR1, and EDS1. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the SA-associated pathways were enriched. Our results showed that CmWRKY8-1-VP64 transgenic lines reduced the resistance to F. oxysporum by regulating the expression of genes related to the SA signaling pathway. This study demonstrated the role of CmWRKY8-1 in response to F. oxysporum, which provides a basis for revealing the molecular regulatory mechanism of the WRKY response to F. oxysporum infestation in chrysanthemum.
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Barczak-Brzyżek A, Brzyżek G, Koter M, Siedlecka E, Gawroński P, Filipecki M. Plastid retrograde regulation of miRNA expression in response to light stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:150. [PMID: 35346032 PMCID: PMC8962581 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that play a pivotal role in the regulation of plant development and responses to the surrounding environment. Despite the efforts made to elucidate their function in the adaptation of plants to many abiotic and biotic stresses, their role in high light (HL) stress is still vague. HL stress often arises upon plant exposure to full sunlight. Subsequent changes in nuclear gene expression are triggered by chloroplast-derived retrograde signals. RESULTS In this study, we show that HL is involved in miRNA-dependent regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes. Microtranscriptomic screening revealed a limited number of miRNAs reacting to HL. To explain the miRNA regulation mechanisms at the different biogenesis stages, chemical and genetic approaches were applied. First, we tested the possible role of plastoquinone (PQ) redox changes using photosynthetic electron transport chain inhibitors. The results suggest that increased primary transcript abundance (pri-miRNAs) of HL-regulated miRNAs is dependent on signals upstream of PQ. This indicates that such signals may originate from photosystem II, which is the main singlet oxygen (1O2) source. Nevertheless, no changes in pri-miRNA expression upon a dark-light shift in the conditional fluorescent (flu) mutant producing 1O2 were observed when compared to wild-type plants. Thus, we explored the 1O2 signaling pathway, which is initiated independently in HL and is related to β-carotene oxidation and production of volatile derivatives, such as β-cyclocitral (β-CC). Pri-miRNA induction by β-CC, which is a component of this 1O2 pathway, as well as an altered response in the methylene blue sensitivity 1 (mbs1) mutant support the role of 1O2 signaling in miRNA regulation. CONCLUSIONS We show that light stress triggers changes in miRNA expression. This stress response may be regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related signaling. In conclusion, our results link ROS action to miRNA biogenesis, suggesting its contribution to inconsistent pri- and mature miRNA dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barczak-Brzyżek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Brzyżek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Koter
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Siedlecka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Filipecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Hirosawa Y, Tada A, Matsuura T, Mori IC, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Uehara S, Ito-Inaba Y, Inaba T. Salicylic Acid Acts Antagonistically to Plastid Retrograde Signaling by Promoting the Accumulation of Photosynthesis-associated Proteins in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1728-1744. [PMID: 34410430 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are involved in phytohormone metabolism as well as photosynthesis. However, the mechanism by which plastid retrograde signals and phytohormones cooperatively regulate plastid biogenesis remains elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of an inhibitor and a mutation that generate biogenic plastid signals on phytohormones and vice versa. Inhibition of plastid biogenesis by norflurazon (NF) treatment and the plastid protein import2 (ppi2) mutation caused a decrease in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). This effect can be attributed in part to the altered expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and the metabolism of SA and JA. However, SA-dependent induction of the PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 gene was virtually unaffected in NF-treated plants and the ppi2 mutant. Instead, the level of chlorophyll in these plants was partially restored by the exogenous application of SA. Consistent with this observation, the levels of some photosynthesis-associated proteins increased in the ppi2 and NF-treated plants in response to SA treatment. This regulation in true leaves seems to occur at the posttranscriptional level since SA treatment did not induce the expression of photosynthesis-associated genes. In salicylic acid induction deficient 2 and lesions simulating disease resistance 1 mutants, endogenous SA regulates the accumulation of photosynthesis-associated proteins through transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. These data indicate that SA acts antagonistically to the inhibition of plastid biogenesis by promoting the accumulation of photosynthesis-associated proteins in Arabidopsis, suggesting a possible link between SA and biogenic plastid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Hirosawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Akari Tada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Susumu Uehara
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ito-Inaba
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takehito Inaba
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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El-Ashry AAEL, Gabr AMM, Arafa NM, El-Bahr MK. Rutin accumulation in gardenia calli cultures as a response to phenyl alanine and salicylic acid. BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2019; 43:141. [DOI: 10.1186/s42269-019-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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6
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Makowski W, Tokarz B, Banasiuk R, Królicka A, Dziurka M, Wojciechowska R, Tokarz KM. Is a blue-red light a good elicitor of phenolic compounds in the family Droseraceae? A comparative study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 201:111679. [PMID: 31710926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants from the family Droseraceae, especially Drosera sp. and Dionaea sp., are naturally rich in phenolic derivatives such as plumbagin, among others. Plumbagin is known both for its pharmacological significance and its protective properties against light stress. Light stress - high light intensity or/and light spectral composition - activates plants' response mechanisms including, among others, hormonal (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid) pathways and secondary metabolite (phenolic compounds, proline) pathways. Short-wavelength radiation, due to its high energy, will induce the synthesis of protective secondary metabolites, including those with pharmaceutical properties. The aim of the study was to describe and compare acclimation strategies of Drosera peltata and Dionaea muscipula to blue-red light in the context of phenolic compound accumulation, and salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and proline synthesis. For the first time, differences in the responses of D. muscipula and D. peltata to blue-red light (in the ratio 6:1) were established. In Dionaea sp., it was associated with the use of redox equivalents (in particular, plastoquinone pool) for the synthesis of primary metabolites used in the process of growth and development. In Drosera sp., a rapid adjustment of redox state led to the synthesis of secondary metabolites, constituting a reservoir of carbon skeletons and allowing for a quick defence response to stress factors. In both species, blue-red light did not induce the jasmonic acid pathway. However, the salicylic acid pathway was induced as an alternative to the phenolic compound synthesis pathway. Nevertheless, the applied blue-red light was not an effective elicitor of phenolic compounds in the plants examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Makowski
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Banasiuk
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Wojciechowska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Tokarz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
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7
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Bernacki MJ, Czarnocka W, Rusaczonek A, Witoń D, Kęska S, Czyż J, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. LSD1-, EDS1- and PAD4-dependent conditional correlation among salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, water use efficiency and seed yield in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:369-382. [PMID: 30461017 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1), ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) proteins are regulators of cell death (CD) in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), and reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), are key signaling molecules involved in plant CD. The proposed mathematical models presented in this study suggest that LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 together with SA and H2 O2 are involved in the control of plant water use efficiency (WUE), vegetative growth and generative development. The analysis of Arabidopsis wild-type and single mutants lsd1, eds1, and pad4, as well as double mutants eds1/lsd1 and pad4/lsd1, demonstrated the strong conditional correlation between SA/H2 O2 and WUE that is dependent on LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 proteins. Moreover, we found a strong correlation between the SA/H2 O2 homeostasis of 4-week-old Arabidopsis leaves and a total seed yield of 9-week-old plants. Altogether, our results prove that SA and H2 O2 are conditionally regulated by LSD1/EDS/PAD4 to govern WUE, biomass accumulation and seed yield. Conditional correlation and the proposed models presented in this study can be used as the starting points in the creation of a plant breeding algorithm that would allow to estimate the seed yield at the initial stage of plant growth, based on WUE, SA and H2 O2 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Kęska
- Faculty of Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Janusz Czyż
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
- Department of Stress Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Kumazaki A, Suzuki N. Enhanced tolerance to a combination of heat stress and drought in Arabidopsis plants deficient in ICS1 is associated with modulation of photosynthetic reaction center proteins. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:232-246. [PMID: 30051471 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses that simultaneously occur under natural environmental conditions. Studies deciphering acclimation of plants to stress combinations are, however, still scarce. ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1) is known as a crucial enzyme required for synthesis of salicylic acid and phylloquinone, one of the components of the photosystem I complex. Although the significance of ICS1 in the regulation of abiotic stress response and pathogen defense in plants has been evidenced in previous studies, the role of this enzyme in the acclimation of plants to stress combinations is still largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated the enhanced tolerance of Arabidopsis salicylic acid induction deficient 2-1(sid2-1) mutant deficient in ICS1 to a combination of heat stress and drought. H2 O2 -dependent stomatal closure and accumulation of total soluble sugars are associated with the enhanced tolerance of sid2-1 plants to this stress combination. In addition, sid2-1 plants showed higher accumulation of reaction center proteins (D1 and D2) in photosystem II accompanied by enhanced expression of transcripts involved in repair of these reaction center proteins. Furthermore, investigation of chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that mechanisms for dissipating the excess energy might be activated in sid2-1 plants specifically under a combination of heat stress and drought. Taken together, our findings suggest that maintenance of photosynthetic apparatus as well as prevention of excess water loss might enhance the tolerance of sid2-1 plants deficient in ICS1 to a combination of heat stress and drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Kumazaki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Lv R, Li Z, Li M, Dogra V, Lv S, Liu R, Lee KP, Kim C. Uncoupled Expression of Nuclear and Plastid Photosynthesis-Associated Genes Contributes to Cell Death in a Lesion Mimic Mutant. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:210-230. [PMID: 30606779 PMCID: PMC6391704 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling is essential for the coupled expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANGs) and plastid genes (PhAPGs) to ensure the functional status of chloroplasts (Cp) in plants. Although various signaling components involved in the process have been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the biological relevance of such coordination remains an enigma. Here, we show that the uncoupled expression of PhANGs and PhAPGs contributes to the cell death in the lesion simulating disease1 (lsd1) mutant of Arabidopsis. A daylength-dependent increase of salicylic acid (SA) appears to rapidly up-regulate a gene encoding SIGMA FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN1 (SIB1), a transcriptional coregulator, in lsd1 before the onset of cell death. The dual targeting of SIB1 to the nucleus and the Cps leads to a simultaneous up-regulation of PhANGs and down-regulation of PhAPGs. Consequently, this disrupts the stoichiometry of photosynthetic proteins, especially in PSII, resulting in the generation of the highly reactive species singlet oxygen (1O2) in Cps. Accordingly, inactivation of the nuclear-encoded Cp protein EXECUTER1, a putative 1O2 sensor, significantly attenuates the lsd1-conferred cell death. Together, these results provide a pathway from the SA- to the 1O2-signaling pathway, which are intertwined via the uncoupled expression of PhANGs and PhAPGs, contributing to the lesion-mimicking cell death in lsd1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengping Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vivek Dogra
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- College of Horticulture and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Keun Pyo Lee
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chanhong Kim
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Koskela MM, Brünje A, Ivanauskaite A, Grabsztunowicz M, Lassowskat I, Neumann U, Dinh TV, Sindlinger J, Schwarzer D, Wirtz M, Tyystjärvi E, Finkemeier I, Mulo P. Chloroplast Acetyltransferase NSI Is Required for State Transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1695-1709. [PMID: 29967049 PMCID: PMC6139681 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The amount of light energy received by the photosynthetic reaction centers photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) is balanced through state transitions. Reversible phosphorylation of a light-harvesting antenna trimer (L-LHCII) orchestrates the association between L-LHCII and the photosystems, thus adjusting the amount of excitation energy received by the reaction centers. In this study, we identified the enzyme NUCLEAR SHUTTLE INTERACTING (NSI; AT1G32070) as an active lysine acetyltransferase in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana Intriguingly, nsi knockout mutant plants were defective in state transitions, even though they had a similar LHCII phosphorylation pattern as the wild type. Accordingly, nsi plants were not able to accumulate the PSI-LHCII state transition complex, even though the LHCII docking site of PSI and the overall amounts of photosynthetic protein complexes remained unchanged. Instead, the nsi mutants showed a decreased Lys acetylation status of specific photosynthetic proteins including PSI, PSII, and LHCII subunits. Our work demonstrates that the chloroplast acetyltransferase NSI is needed for the dynamic reorganization of thylakoid protein complexes during photosynthetic state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna M Koskela
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Brünje
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Aiste Ivanauskaite
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Magda Grabsztunowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ines Lassowskat
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Neumann
- Central Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Trinh V Dinh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Sindlinger
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Plant Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Paula Mulo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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11
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Czarnocka W, Karpiński S. Friend or foe? Reactive oxygen species production, scavenging and signaling in plant response to environmental stresses. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:4-20. [PMID: 29331649 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the natural environment, plants are exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stress conditions that trigger rapid changes in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production and scavenging of ROS is compartmentalized, which means that, depending on stimuli type, they can be generated and eliminated in different cellular compartments such as the apoplast, plasma membrane, chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Although the accumulation of ROS is generally harmful to cells, ROS play an important role in signaling pathways that regulate acclimatory and defense responses in plants, such as systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, high accumulations of ROS can also trigger redox homeostasis disturbance which can lead to cell death, and in consequence, to a limitation in biomass and yield production. Different ROS have various half-lifetimes and degrees of reactivity toward molecular components such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Thus, they play different roles in intra- and extra-cellular signaling. Despite their possible damaging effect, ROS should mainly be considered as signaling molecules that regulate local and systemic acclimatory and defense responses. Over the past two decades it has been proven that ROS together with non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), hormones, Ca2+ waves, and electrical signals are the main players in SAA and SAR, two physiological processes essential for plant survival and productivity in unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) - National Research Institute, Radzików, 05-870 Błonie, Poland.
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12
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Hedtmann C, Guo W, Reifschneider E, Heiber I, Hiltscher H, van Buer J, Barsch A, Niehaus K, Rowan B, Lortzing T, Steppuhn A, Baier M. The Plant Immunity Regulating F-Box Protein CPR1 Supports Plastid Function in Absence of Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1650. [PMID: 29018463 PMCID: PMC5615928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The redox imbalanced 6 mutant (rimb6) of Arabidopsis thaliana was isolated in a genetic screening approach for mutants with defects in chloroplast-to-nucleus redox signaling. It has an atypically low activation status of the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin-A promoter in the seedling stage. rimb6 shows wildtype-like germination, seedling development and greening, but slower growth and reduced biomass in the rosette stage. Mapping of the casual mutation revealed that rimb6 carries a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED (PR) GENES 1, CPR1 (At4g12560), leading to a premature stop codon. CPR1 is known as a repressor of pathogen signaling and regulator of microtubule organization. Allelism of rimb6 and cpr1 revealed a function of CPR1 in chloroplast stress protection. Expression studies in pathogen signaling mutants demonstrated that CPR1-mediated activation of genes for photosynthesis and chloroplast antioxidant protection is, in contrast to activation of pathogen responses, regulated independently from PAD4-controlled salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. We conclude that the support of plastid function is a basic, SA-independent function of CPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hedtmann
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Wei Guo
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Elena Reifschneider
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Heiber
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Heiko Hiltscher
- Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University of DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörn van Buer
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Aiko Barsch
- Proteom- und Metabolomforschung, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Proteom- und Metabolomforschung, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Beth Rowan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyTübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Lortzing
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Anke Steppuhn
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University of BerlinBerlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Margarete Baier
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13
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Gabr AM, Ghareeb H, El Shabrawi HM, Smetanska I, Bekheet S. Enhancement of silymarin and phenolic compound accumulation in tissue culture of Milk thistle using elicitor feeding and hairy root cultures. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2016; 14:327-333. [PMID: 30647631 PMCID: PMC6299848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of the metabolite elicitors chitosan, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) as well as the hairy root transformation were tested for silymarin and phenolic compound accumulation in in vitro cultures of Milk thistle. For callus induction, leaf explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l NAA + 2 mg/l Kin + 0.1 mg/l GA3. Chitosan, SA and MeJA were added separately in three concentrations 200, 400 and 800 mg/l; 10, 20 and 40 mg/l; 20, 40 and 80 mg/l, respectively, to hormone free B5 medium. Alternatively, cotyledons of 12 day old seedlings were transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 strain. Overall, increasing the concentrations of the three elicitors dramatically increased the total silymarin content. Remarkably, the elicitors mainly enhanced the accumulation of silybine A&B that were not detected in un-treated callus culture (control). In addition, the hairy root culture triggered the accumulation of silybine A&B, and silydianin, which was not detected in the non-transgenic roots. The hairy root culture was superior in production of the phenolic compounds in comparison to the control and elicitor treatments. The hairy root cultures showed also higher antioxidant capacities than non-transformed cultures and/or chemically elicited-callus cultures. Thus hairy root provide instrumental in enhancing the production of economically valuable metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M.M. Gabr
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Markgrafenstr 16, 91746 Weidenbach, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hassan Ghareeb
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haatem M. El Shabrawi
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iryna Smetanska
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Science Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Markgrafenstr 16, 91746 Weidenbach, Germany
| | - S.A. Bekheet
- Plant Biotechnology Dept., National Research Centre, Bohouth Str., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Gilroy S, Białasek M, Suzuki N, Górecka M, Devireddy AR, Karpiński S, Mittler R. ROS, Calcium, and Electric Signals: Key Mediators of Rapid Systemic Signaling in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1606-15. [PMID: 27208294 PMCID: PMC4936577 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ROS, calcium, and electric signals mediate rapid systemic signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.G.);Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (M.B., M.G., S.K.);Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan (N.S.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.R.D., R.M.)
| | - Maciej Białasek
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.G.);Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (M.B., M.G., S.K.);Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan (N.S.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.R.D., R.M.)
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.G.);Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (M.B., M.G., S.K.);Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan (N.S.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.R.D., R.M.)
| | - Magdalena Górecka
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.G.);Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (M.B., M.G., S.K.);Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan (N.S.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.R.D., R.M.)
| | - Amith R Devireddy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.G.);Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (M.B., M.G., S.K.);Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan (N.S.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.R.D., R.M.)
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.G.);Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (M.B., M.G., S.K.);Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan (N.S.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.R.D., R.M.)
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (S.G.);Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology, and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland (M.B., M.G., S.K.);Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan (N.S.); andDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203 (A.R.D., R.M.)
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15
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Wang WH, He EM, Chen J, Guo Y, Chen J, Liu X, Zheng HL. The reduced state of the plastoquinone pool is required for chloroplast-mediated stomatal closure in response to calcium stimulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:132-44. [PMID: 26945669 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Besides their participation in photosynthesis, leaf chloroplasts function in plant responses to stimuli, yet how they direct stimulus-induced stomatal movement remains elusive. Here, we showed that over-reduction of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool by dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) was closely associated with stomatal closure in plants which required chloroplastic H2O2 generation in the mesophyll. External application of H2 O2 reduced the PQ pool, whereas the cell-permeable reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed the DBMIB-induced over-reduction of the PQ pool and stomatal closure. Mesophyll chloroplasts are key players of extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)o)-induced stomatal closure, but when treated with either 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or NAC they failed to facilitate Ca(2+)o-induced stomatal closure due to the inhibition of chloroplastic H2 O2 synthesis in mesophyll. Similarly, the Arabidopsis electron transfer chain-related mutants npq4-1, stn7 and cas-1 exhibited diverse responses to Ca(2+)o or DBMIB. Transcriptome analysis also demonstrated that the PQ pool signaling pathway shared common responsive genes with the H2 O2 signaling pathway. These results implicated a mechanism for chloroplast-mediated stomatal closure involving the generation of mesophyll chloroplastic H2O2 based on the reduced state of the PQ pool, which is calcium-sensing receptor (CAS) and LHCII phosphorylation dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - En-Ming He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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16
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Kruk J, Szymańska R, Nowicka B, Dłużewska J. Function of isoprenoid quinones and chromanols during oxidative stress in plants. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:636-643. [PMID: 26970272 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoid quinones and chromanols in plants fulfill both signaling and antioxidant functions under oxidative stress. The redox state of the plastoquinol pool (PQ-pool), which is modulated by interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) during oxidative stress, has a major regulatory function in both short- and long-term acclimatory responses. By contrast, the scavenging of ROS by prenyllipids affects signaling pathways where ROS play a role as signaling molecules. As the primary antioxidants, isoprenoid quinones and chromanols are synthesized under high-light stress in response to any increased production of ROS. During photo-oxidative stress, these prenyllipids are continuously synthesized and oxidized to other compounds. In turn, their oxidation products (hydroxy-plastochromanol, plastoquinol-C, plastoquinone-B) can still have an antioxidant function. The oxidation products of isoprenoid quinones and chromanols formed specifically in the face of singlet oxygen, can be indicators of singlet oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Renata Szymańska
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 19, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beatrycze Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dłużewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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17
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Ishiga Y, Ichinose Y. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato OxyR Is Required for Virulence in Tomato and Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:119-31. [PMID: 26554736 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-15-0204-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to have a crucial role in plant defense responses and signaling pathways. In addition, ROS also have direct toxicity against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms of plant ROS in the direct effects against pathogens is still unclear. To investigate the function of plant ROS in the interactions of plant and bacterial pathogens, we focused on oxyR, encoding an oxidative stress-regulated transcription factor in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000), and generated an ΔoxyR mutant. The DC3000 ΔoxyR mutant showed high sensitivity to oxidative stress in comparison with wild type and the complemented line. The host plants of DC3000, including tomato and Arabidopsis inoculated with the ΔoxyR mutant, clearly showed reduced disease symptoms as well as reduced bacterial populations. Expression profiles of DC3000 genes revealed that OxyR could regulate the expression of genes encoding ROS-detoxifying enzymes, including catalases (KatB and KatG), in response to ROS. We also demonstrated that the expression of katB could be regulated by OxyR during the infection of DC3000 in Arabidopsis. These results suggest that OxyR has an important role in the virulence of DC3000 by regulating the expression of genes related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishiga
- 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- 2 Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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18
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Rusaczonek A, Czarnocka W, Kacprzak S, Witoń D, Ślesak I, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Gawroński P, Karpiński S. Role of phytochromes A and B in the regulation of cell death and acclimatory responses to UV stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6679-95. [PMID: 26385378 PMCID: PMC4623682 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants coordinate their responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses in order to optimize their developmental and acclimatory programmes. The ultimate response to an excessive amount of stress is local induction of cell death mechanisms. The death of certain cells can help to maintain tissue homeostasis and enable nutrient remobilization, thus increasing the survival chances of the whole organism in unfavourable environmental conditions. UV radiation is one of the environmental factors that negatively affects the photosynthetic process and triggers cell death. The aim of this work was to evaluate a possible role of the red/far-red light photoreceptors phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) and their interrelations during acclimatory responses to UV stress. We showed that UV-C treatment caused a disturbance in photosystem II and a deregulation of photosynthetic pigment content and antioxidant enzymes activities, followed by increased cell mortality rate in phyB and phyAB null mutants. We also propose a regulatory role of phyA and phyB in CO2 assimilation, non-photochemical quenching, reactive oxygen species accumulation and salicylic acid content. Taken together, our results suggest a novel role of phytochromes as putative regulators of cell death and acclimatory responses to UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kacprzak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Ireneusz Ślesak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
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19
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Khan MIR, Fatma M, Per TS, Anjum NA, Khan NA. Salicylic acid-induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:462. [PMID: 26175738 PMCID: PMC4485163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses (such as metals/metalloids, salinity, ozone, UV-B radiation, extreme temperatures, and drought) are among the most challenging threats to agricultural system and economic yield of crop plants. These stresses (in isolation and/or combination) induce numerous adverse effects in plants, impair biochemical/physiological and molecular processes, and eventually cause severe reductions in plant growth, development and overall productivity. Phytohormones have been recognized as a strong tool for sustainably alleviating adverse effects of abiotic stresses in crop plants. In particular, the significance of salicylic acid (SA) has been increasingly recognized in improved plant abiotic stress-tolerance via SA-mediated control of major plant-metabolic processes. However, the basic biochemical/physiological and molecular mechanisms that potentially underpin SA-induced plant-tolerance to major abiotic stresses remain least discussed. Based on recent reports, this paper: (a) overviews historical background and biosynthesis of SA under both optimal and stressful environments in plants; (b) critically appraises the role of SA in plants exposed to major abiotic stresses;
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Tasir S. Per
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Naser A. Anjum
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
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20
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Ciszak K, Kulasek M, Barczak A, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Karpiński S. PsbS is required for systemic acquired acclimation and post-excess-light-stress optimization of chlorophyll fluorescence decay times in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e982018. [PMID: 25654166 PMCID: PMC4622620 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.982018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) is an important light acclimatory mechanism that depends on the global adjustments of non-photochemical quenching and chloroplast retrograde signaling. As the exact regulation of these processes is not known, we measured time-resolved fluorescence of chlorophyll a in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves exposed to excess light, in leaves undergoing SAA, and in leaves after excess light episode. We compare the behavior induced in wild-type plants with null mutant of non-photochemical quenching (npq4-1). The wild type rosettes exhibit a small reduction of fluorescence decay times in leaves directly exposed to excess light and in leaves undergoing SAA in ambient low light. However in npq4-1 exposition to excess light results in much faster fluorescence decay, which is insensitive to excitation power. At the same time npq4-1 leaves undergoing SAA displayed intermediate fluorescence decay. The npq4-1 plants also lost the ability to optimize florescence decay, and thus chlorophyll a dynamics up to 2 h after excess light episode. The fluorescence decay dynamics in both WT and npq4-1 can be described by a set of 3 maximum decay times. Based on the results, we concluded that functional PsbS is required for optimization of absorbed photon fate and optimal light acclimatory responses such as SAA or after excess light stress.
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Key Words
- DCMU, 3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea
- EEE, Excess Excitation Energy
- EL, Excess Light
- F0, chlorophyll fluorescence zero
- FD, chlorophyll fluorescence decay
- Fm, chlorophyll fluorescence maximum
- Fv, chlorophyll fluorescence variable
- Fv/Fm, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII
- LED, Light Emitting Diode
- LHC, chlorophyll a/b/xanthophyll-binding proteins
- NPQ, Non-Photochemical Quenching
- PSII, Photosystem II
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- SAA, Systemic Acquired Acclimation
- WT, Wild Type
- dynamics of chlorophyll fluorescence
- excess excitation energy dissipation
- light acclimation
- non-photochemical quenching
- photosystem II
- qE, EEE thermal dissipation
- qI, photoinhibition
- qT, state transition
- qZ, zeaxanthin formation
- systemic acquired acclimation
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Ciszak
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
| | - Milena Kulasek
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Barczak
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics; Faculty of Physics; Astronomy and Informatics; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence to: Stanisław Karpiński; ; Sebastian Maćkowski;
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics; Breeding and Biotechnology; Faculty of Horticulture; Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence to: Stanisław Karpiński; ; Sebastian Maćkowski;
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21
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Kangasjärvi S, Tikkanen M, Durian G, Aro EM. Photosynthetic light reactions--an adjustable hub in basic production and plant immunity signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 81:128-34. [PMID: 24361390 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic efficiency is a key trait that influences the sustainable utilization of plants for energy and nutrition. By now, extensive research on photosynthetic processes has underscored important structural and functional relationships among photosynthetic thylakoid membrane protein complexes, and their roles in determining the productivity and stress resistance of plants. Photosystem II photoinhibition-repair cycle, for example, has arisen vital in protecting also Photosystem I against light-induced damage. Availability of highly sophisticated genetic, biochemical and biophysical tools has greatly expanded the catalog of components that carry out photoprotective functions in plants. On thylakoid membranes, these components encompass a network of overlapping systems that allow delicate regulation of linear and cyclic electron transfer pathways, balancing of excitation energy distribution between the two photosystems and dissipation of excess light energy in the antenna system as heat. An increasing number of reports indicate that the above mentioned mechanisms also mediate important functions in the regulation of biotic stress responses in plants. Particularly the handling of excitation energy in the light harvesting II antenna complexes appears central to plant immunity signaling. Comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and regulatory cross-talk, however, still remain elusive. This review highlights the current understanding of components that regulate the function of photosynthetic light reactions and directly or indirectly also modulate disease resistance in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Guido Durian
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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22
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Gawroński P, Witoń D, Vashutina K, Bederska M, Betliński B, Rusaczonek A, Karpiński S. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is a salicylic acid-independent regulator of growth but not of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1151-66. [PMID: 24874867 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate signal transduction from different cellular compartments and from the extracellular environment to the nucleus in all eukaryotes. One of the best-characterized MAPKs in Arabidopsis thaliana is MPK4, which was shown to be a negative regulator of systemic-acquired resistance. The mpk4 mutant accumulates salicylic acid (SA), possesses constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and has an extremely dwarf phenotype. We show that suppression of SA and phylloquinone synthesis in chloroplasts by knocking down the ICS1 gene (by crossing it with the ics1 mutant) in the mpk4 mutant background did not revert mpk4-impaired growth. However, it did cause changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and severely impaired the quantum yield of photosystem II. Transmission microscopy analysis revealed that the chloroplasts' structure was strongly altered in the mpk4 and mpk4/ics1 double mutant. Analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes expression showed that suppression of SA and phylloquinone synthesis in the chloroplasts of the mpk4 mutant caused imbalances in ROS homeostasis which were more pronounced in mpk4/ics1 than in mpk4. Taken together, the presented results strongly suggest that MPK4 is an ROS/hormonal rheostat hub that negatively, in an SA-dependent manner, regulates immune defenses, but at the same time positively regulates photosynthesis, ROS metabolism, and growth. Therefore, we concluded that MPK4 is a complex regulator of chloroplastic retrograde signaling for photosynthesis, growth, and immune defenses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Kateryna Vashutina
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bederska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Błażej Betliński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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23
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Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. Light intensity-dependent retrograde signalling in higher plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1501-16. [PMID: 23850030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to acclimate to highly fluctuating light environment and evolved a short- and long-term light acclimatory responses, that are dependent on chloroplasts retrograde signalling. In this review we summarise recent evidences suggesting that the chloroplasts act as key sensors of light intensity changes in a wide range (low, high and excess light conditions) as well as sensors of darkness. They also participate in transduction and synchronisation of systemic retrograde signalling in response to differential light exposure of distinct leaves. Regulation of intra- and inter-cellular chloroplast retrograde signalling is dependent on the developmental and functional stage of the plastids. Therefore, it is discussed in following subsections: firstly, chloroplast biogenic control of nuclear genes, for example, signals related to photosystems and pigment biogenesis during early plastid development; secondly, signals in the mature chloroplast induced by changes in photosynthetic electron transport, reactive oxygen species, hormones and metabolite biosynthesis; thirdly, chloroplast signalling during leaf senescence. Moreover, with a help of meta-analysis of multiple microarray experiments, we showed that the expression of the same set of genes is regulated specifically in particular types of signals and types of light conditions. Furthermore, we also highlight the alternative scenarios of the chloroplast retrograde signals transduction and coordination linked to the role of photo-electrochemical signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
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