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Chase K, Belisle C, Ahlawat Y, Yu F, Sargent S, Sandoya G, Begcy K, Liu T. Examining preharvest genetic and morphological factors contributing to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) shelf-life. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6618. [PMID: 38503783 PMCID: PMC10951199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is a highly perishable horticultural crop with a relatively short shelf-life that limits its commercial value and contributes to food waste. Postharvest senescence varies with influences of both environmental and genetic factors. From a larger pool of romaine lettuce genotypes, we identified three genotypes with variable shelf lives and evaluated their leaf morphology characteristics and transcriptomic profiles at preharvest to predict postharvest quality. Breeding line 60184 had the shortest shelf-life (SSL), cultivar 'Manatee' had an intermediate shelf-life (ISL), and 'Okeechobee' had the longest shelf-life (LSL). We observed significantly larger leaf lamina thickness and higher stomatal index in the SSL genotypes relative to the LSL cultivar. To identify molecular indicators of shelf-life, we used a transcriptional approach between two of the contrasting genotypes, breeding line 60184 and cultivar 'Okeechobee' at preharvest. We identified 552 upregulated and 315 downregulated differentially expressed genes between the genotypes, from which 27% of them had an Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog previously characterized as senescence associated genes (SAGs). Notably, we identified several SAGs including several related to jasmonate ZIM-domain jasmonic acid signaling, chlorophyll a-b binding, and cell wall modification including pectate lyases and expansins. This study presented an innovative approach for identifying preharvest molecular factors linked to postharvest traits for prolonged shelf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Chase
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Belisle
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL, USA
| | - Yogesh Ahlawat
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fahong Yu
- Bioinformatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven Sargent
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Germán Sandoya
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Belle Glade, FL, USA.
| | - Kevin Begcy
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Kant K, Rigó G, Faragó D, Benyó D, Tengölics R, Szabados L, Zsigmond L. Mutation in Arabidopsis mitochondrial Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 gene affects tolerance to water deficit. PLANTA 2024; 259:78. [PMID: 38427069 PMCID: PMC10907415 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The Arabidopsis Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 (PPR40) insertion mutants have increased tolerance to water deficit compared to wild-type plants. Tolerance is likely the consequence of ABA hypersensitivity of the mutants. Plant growth and development depend on multiple environmental factors whose alterations can disrupt plant homeostasis and trigger complex molecular and physiological responses. Water deficit is one of the factors which can seriously restrict plant growth and viability. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular metabolism, energy production, and redox homeostasis. During drought and salinity stress, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to ROS overproduction and oxidative stress, affecting plant growth and survival. Alternative oxidases (AOXs) and stabilization of mitochondrial electron transport chain help mitigate ROS damage. The mitochondrial Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 (PPR40) protein was implicated in stress regulation as ppr40 mutants were found to be hypersensitive to ABA and high salinity during germination. This study investigated the tolerance of the knockout ppr40-1 and knockdown ppr40-2 mutants to water deprivation. Our results show that these mutants display an enhanced tolerance to water deficit. The mutants had higher relative water content, reduced level of oxidative damage, and better photosynthetic parameters in water-limited conditions compared to wild-type plants. ppr40 mutants had considerable differences in metabolic profiles and expression of a number of stress-related genes, suggesting important metabolic reprogramming. Tolerance to water deficit was also manifested in higher survival rates and alleviated growth reduction when watering was suspended. Enhanced sensitivity to ABA and fast stomata closure was suggested to lead to improved capacity for water conservation in such environment. Overall, this study highlights the importance of mitochondrial functions and in particular PPR40 in plant responses to abiotic stress, particularly drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kant
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Faragó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Benyó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
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Barneto JA, Sardoy PM, Pagano EA, Zavala JA. Lipoxygenases regulate digestive enzyme inhibitor activities in developing seeds of field-grown soybean against the southern green stink bug ( Nezara viridula). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP22192. [PMID: 38220246 DOI: 10.1071/fp22192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max ) is the world's most widely grown seed legume. One of the most important pests that decrease seed quality and reduce yield of soybean crops is the southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula ). Insect damage triggers accumulation of defensive compounds such as protease inhibitors (PIs), isoflavonoids and reactive oxygen species, which are regulated by the lipoxygenase (LOX)-regulated jasmonic acid (JA) to stop insect feeding. This study identified and characterised the role of LOX isoforms in the modulation of chemical defences in seeds of field-grown soybean that decreased digestive enzyme activities of N. viridula after insect attack. Stink bugs attack increased LOX 1 and LOX 2 expression, and activities of LOX 1 and LOX 3 isoenzymes in developing soybean seeds. In addition, stink bug damage and methyl jasmonate application induced expression and activity of both cysteine PIs and trypsin PIs in developing soybean seeds, suggesting that herbivory induced JA in soybean seeds. High PI activity levels in attacked seeds decreased cysteine proteases and α-amylases activities in the gut of stink bugs that fed on field-grown soybean. We demonstrated that LOX isoforms of seeds are concomitantly induced with JA-regulated PIs by stink bugs attack, and these PIs inhibit the activity of insect digestive enzymes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the participation of LOX in modulating JA-regulated defences against stink bugs in seeds of field-grown soybean, and our results suggest that soybean PIs may inhibit α-amylase activity in the gut of N. viridula .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jésica A Barneto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Instituto Nacional de Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro M Sardoy
- Instituto Nacional de Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Pagano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Instituto Nacional de Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Zavala
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Instituto Nacional de Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA)-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Zoología Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Meng Q, Yan M, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yang Z, Luo Y, Wu W. Humic acids enhance salt stress tolerance associated with pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase gene expression and hormonal alteration in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1272987. [PMID: 38186607 PMCID: PMC10766811 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) has been used as an important component in biostimulant formulations to enhance plant tolerance to salt stress, but the mechanisms underlying are not fully understood. This study was to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of HA's impact on salt stress tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The two types of HA were extracted from weathered coal samples collected from Wutai County (WTH) and Jingle County (JLH) of Shanxi Province, China. The grass seedlings subjected to salt stress (250 mM NaCl) were treated with HA solutions containing 0.01% WTH (W/V) or 0.05% JLH (W/V), respectively. The HA treatments improved leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) and reduced leaf oxidative injury (lower malondialdehyde content) and Pro and intercellular CO2 concentrations in salt-stressed perennial ryegrass. The HA treatments also reversed the decline in antioxidative enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and improved growth and anti-senescence hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR). The HA treatments reduced the relative expression of P5CS and its downstream products proline (Pro) and the stress defense hormones abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and polyamines (PA). The results of this study indicate that the application of HAs may improve salt stress tolerance by regulating P5CS gene expression related to osmotic adjustment and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and anti-senescence hormones in perennial ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Meng
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Yan
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- Key Laboratory for Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, China
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Xia R, Xu L, Hao J, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhu Z, Yu Y. Transcriptome Dynamics of Brassica juncea Leaves in Response to Omnivorous Beet Armyworm ( Spodoptera exigua, Hübner). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16690. [PMID: 38069011 PMCID: PMC10706706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cruciferous plants manufacture glucosinolates (GSLs) as special and important defense compounds against insects. However, how insect feeding induces glucosinolates in Brassica to mediate insect resistance, and how plants regulate the strength of anti-insect defense response during insect feeding, remains unclear. Here, mustard (Brassica juncea), a widely cultivated Brassica plant, and beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), an economically important polyphagous pest of many crops, were used to analyze the changes in GSLs and transcriptome of Brassica during insect feeding, thereby revealing the plant-insect interaction in Brassica plants. The results showed that the content of GSLs began to significantly increase after 48 h of herbivory by S. exigua, with sinigrin as the main component. Transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 8940 DEGs were identified in mustard challenged with beet armyworm larvae. The functional enrichment results revealed that the pathways related to the biosynthesis of glucosinolate and jasmonic acid were significantly enriched by upregulated DEGs, suggesting that mustard might provide a defense against herbivory by inducing JA biosynthesis and then promoting GSL accumulation. Surprisingly, genes regulating JA catabolism and inactivation were also activated, and both JA signaling repressors (JAZs and JAMs) and activators (MYCs and NACs) were upregulated during herbivory. Taken together, our results indicate that the accumulation of GSLs regulated by JA signaling, and the regulation of active and inactive JA compound conversion, as well as the activation of JA signaling repressors and activators, collectively control the anti-insect defense response and avoid over-stunted growth in mustard during insect feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhujun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (R.X.); (L.X.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Youjian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (R.X.); (L.X.); (J.H.); (L.Z.); (S.W.)
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6
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Wu M, Northen TR, Ding Y. Stressing the importance of plant specialized metabolites: omics-based approaches for discovering specialized metabolism in plant stress responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1272363. [PMID: 38023861 PMCID: PMC10663375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1272363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse range of specialized metabolites that play pivotal roles in mediating environmental interactions and stress adaptation. These unique chemical compounds also hold significant agricultural, medicinal, and industrial values. Despite the expanding knowledge of their functions in plant stress interactions, understanding the intricate biosynthetic pathways of these natural products remains challenging due to gene and pathway redundancy, multifunctionality of proteins, and the activity of enzymes with broad substrate specificity. In the past decade, substantial progress in genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics has made the exploration of plant specialized metabolism more feasible than ever before. Notably, recent advances in integrative multi-omics and computational approaches, along with other technologies, are accelerating the discovery of plant specialized metabolism. In this review, we present a summary of the recent progress in the discovery of plant stress-related specialized metabolites. Emphasis is placed on the application of advanced omics-based approaches and other techniques in studying plant stress-related specialized metabolism. Additionally, we discuss the high-throughput methods for gene functional characterization. These advances hold great promise for harnessing the potential of specialized metabolites to enhance plant stress resilience in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Trent R. Northen
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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7
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Yıldırım K, Miladinović D, Sweet J, Akin M, Galović V, Kavas M, Zlatković M, de Andrade E. Genome editing for healthy crops: traits, tools and impacts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1231013. [PMID: 37965029 PMCID: PMC10641503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Crop cultivars in commercial use have often been selected because they show high levels of resistance to pathogens. However, widespread cultivation of these crops for many years in the environments favorable to a pathogen requires durable forms of resistance to maintain "healthy crops". Breeding of new varieties tolerant/resistant to biotic stresses by incorporating genetic components related to durable resistance, developing new breeding methods and new active molecules, and improving the Integrated Pest Management strategies have been of great value, but their effectiveness is being challenged by the newly emerging diseases and the rapid change of pathogens due to climatic changes. Genome editing has provided new tools and methods to characterize defense-related genes in crops and improve crop resilience to disease pathogens providing improved food security and future sustainable agricultural systems. In this review, we discuss the principal traits, tools and impacts of utilizing genome editing techniques for achieving of durable resilience and a "healthy plants" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Dragana Miladinović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jeremy Sweet
- Sweet Environmental Consultants, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meleksen Akin
- Department of Horticulture, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Türkiye
| | - Vladislava Galović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eugenia de Andrade
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
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Xu Z, Cheng J, Wang T, Huang Q, Liu P, Zhang M, Zhang P, He L. Novel Jasmonic Acid-Coumarin Pathway in the Eggplant That Inhibits Vitellogenin Gene Expression To Prevent Mite Reproduction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13979-13987. [PMID: 37698370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants activate direct and indirect defense mechanisms in response to perceived herbivore invasion, which results in negative consequences for herbivores. Tetranychus cinnabarinus is a polyphagous generalist herbivore that inflicts substantial agricultural and horticultural damage. Our study revealed that mite feeding significantly increased jasmonic acid (JA) in the eggplant. The damage inflicted by the mites decreased considerably following the artificial application of JA, thereby indicating that JA initiated the defense response of the eggplant against mites. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated the activation of the JA-coumarin pathway in response to mite feeding. This pathway protects the eggplant by suppressing the reproductive capacity and population size of the mites. The JA and coumarin treatments suppressed the vitellogenin gene (TcVg6) expression level. Additionally, RNA interference with TcVg6 significantly reduced the egg production and hatching rate of mites. In conclusion, the JA-coumarin pathway in the eggplant decreases the egg-hatching rate of mites through suppression of TcVg6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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Bhattacharya O, Ortiz I, Hendricks N, Walling LL. The tomato chloroplast stromal proteome compendium elucidated by leveraging a plastid protein-localization prediction Atlas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1020275. [PMID: 37701797 PMCID: PMC10493611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model species for studying fruit development, wounding, herbivory, and pathogen attack. Despite tomato's world-wide economic importance and the role of chloroplasts as metabolic hubs and integrators of environmental cues, little is known about the stromal proteome of tomato. Using a high-yielding protocol for chloroplast and stromal protein isolation, MudPIT nano-LC-MS/MS analyses, a robust in-house protein database (the Atlas) for predicting the plastid localization of tomato proteins, and rigorous selection criteria for inclusion/exclusion in the stromal proteome, we identified 1,278 proteins of the tomato stromal proteome. We provide one of the most robust stromal proteomes available to date with empirical evidence for 545 and 92 proteins not previously described for tomato plastids and the Arabidopsis stroma, respectively. The relative abundance of tomato stromal proteins was determined using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI). Comparison of the abundance of tomato and Arabidopsis stromal proteomes provided evidence for the species-specific nature of stromal protein homeostasis. The manual curation of the tomato stromal proteome classified proteins into ten functional categories resulting in an accessible compendium of tomato chloroplast proteins. After curation, only 91 proteins remained as unknown, uncharacterized or as enzymes with unknown functions. The curation of the tomato stromal proteins also indicated that tomato has a number of paralogous proteins, not present in Arabidopsis, which accumulated to different levels in chloroplasts. As some of these proteins function in key metabolic pathways or in perceiving or transmitting signals critical for plant adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress, these data suggest that tomato may modulate the bidirectional communication between chloroplasts and nuclei in a novel manner. The stromal proteome provides a fertile ground for future mechanistic studies in the field of tomato chloroplast-nuclear signaling and are foundational for our goal of elucidating the dynamics of the stromal proteome controlled by the solanaceous-specific, stromal, and wound-inducible leucine aminopeptidase A of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Bhattacharya
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Irma Ortiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nathan Hendricks
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linda L. Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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10
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Borges-Martins ANC, Ferreira-Neto JRC, da Silva MD, Morais DADL, Pandolfi V, Silva RLDO, de Melo ALTM, da Costa AF, Benko-Iseppon AM. Unlocking Cowpea's Defense Responses: Conserved Transcriptional Signatures in the Battle against CABMV and CPSMV Viruses. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1747. [PMID: 37629606 PMCID: PMC10455494 DOI: 10.3390/life13081747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) and Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) threaten cowpea commercial production. This study aimed to analyze Conserved Transcriptional Signatures (CTS) in cowpea's genotypes that are resistant to these viruses. CTS covered up- (UR) or down-regulated (DR) cowpea transcripts in response to CABMV and CPSMV mechanical inoculations. The conservation of cowpea's UR defense response was primarily observed with the one hpi treatments, with decreased CTS representatives as time elapsed. This suggests that cowpea utilizes generic mechanisms during its early interaction with the studied viruses, and subsequently employs more specialized strategies for each viral agent. The potential action of the CTS-UR emphasizes the importance of redox balance, ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways. Additionally, the CTS-UR provides evidence for the involvement of R genes, PR proteins, and PRRs receptors-extensively investigated in combating bacterial and fungal pathogens-in the defense against viral inoculation. AP2-ERF, WRKY, and MYB transcription factors, as well as PIP aquaporins and MAPK cascades, also emerged as significant molecular players. The presented work represents the first study investigating conserved mechanisms in the cowpea defense response to viral inoculations, highlighting relevant processes for initial defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemisa Nazaré Costa Borges-Martins
- Departamento de Ensino, Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Buriticupu 65393-000, Brazil;
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.D.d.S.); (V.P.); (A.L.T.M.d.M.)
| | - José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.D.d.S.); (V.P.); (A.L.T.M.d.M.)
| | - Manassés Daniel da Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.D.d.S.); (V.P.); (A.L.T.M.d.M.)
| | | | - Valesca Pandolfi
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.D.d.S.); (V.P.); (A.L.T.M.d.M.)
| | | | - Ana Luiza Trajano Mangueira de Melo
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.D.d.S.); (V.P.); (A.L.T.M.d.M.)
| | | | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Departamento de Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.D.d.S.); (V.P.); (A.L.T.M.d.M.)
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11
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Chen Y, Liang S, Wang S, Li B, Wang K, Zhu Y, Yang R, Hao X, Yang Z, Shen Y, Jiang R, Li K. Repeated mechanical damage enhanced Aquilaria sinensis resistance to Heortia vitessoides through jasmonic acid. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1183002. [PMID: 37615021 PMCID: PMC10442551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The leaf-chewing pest Heortia vitessoides severely threatens the growth and development of Aquilaria sinensis. In our previous study, we found that mechanical damage (MD) to stem enhanced A. sinensis sapling resistance to H. vitessoides larvae. Methods To reveal the defense mechanisms underlying this observation, we analyzed the types and contents of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phytohormone contents, and expression of phytohormone-related genes in response to MD and herbivory wounding(HW). Results Here, we identified several VOCs, such as the pesticides fenobucarb and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, in mature leaf (ML) of MD-treated plants. Compared with salicylic acid (SA) or the ethylene (ET) pathway, jasmonic acid (JA) content and JA-related genes were more strongly upregulated. Interestingly, we found a dramatic difference between JA-related upstream and downstream genes expression in YL and ML, which confirmed that JA-Ile accumulation in MD-ML and HW-ML could be derived from local damaged site. Discussion Taken together, we provide evidence that the JA pathway plays a dominant role in the A. sinensis response to MD and HW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Baocai Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yongjin Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Risheng Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoying Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rihong Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Kaixiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Xylophyta Spices Research Center of Engineering Technology, Illicium and Cinnamomum Engineering Technology Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
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12
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Geng D, Wang R, Zhang Y, Lu H, Dong H, Liu W, Guo L, Wang X. A 13-LOX participates in the biosynthesis of JAs and is related to the accumulation of baicalein and wogonin in Scutellaria baicalensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1204616. [PMID: 37521913 PMCID: PMC10373884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Although baicalein and wogonin contents in Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese herb, are known to be regulated by jasmonic acid, the exact mechanism by which jasmonic acid regulates the accumulation of baicalein and wogonin remains unclear. In this study, we discovered SbLOX3, a gene encoding 13-lipoxygenase from the roots of S. baicalensis, which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid. The contents of methyl jasmonate, baicalin, wogonin, and three metabolic intermediates of methyl jasmonate, 13-HPOT, OPDA, and OPC-8, were downregulated in the hair roots of the SbLOX3 RNAi lines. We confirmed that SbLOX3 was induced by drought stress simulated by PEG and Fusarium oxysporum, which subsequently led to changes in the content of MeJA, baicalin, and wogonin. Taken together, our results indicate that a 13-LOX is involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid, and regulates the accumulation of baicalein and wogonin in S. baicalensis roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Geng
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Rongyu Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Heng Lu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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13
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Jin Y, Zhang W, Cong S, Zhuang QG, Gu YL, Ma YN, Filiatrault MJ, Li JZ, Wei HL. Pseudomonas syringae Type III Secretion Protein HrpP Manipulates Plant Immunity To Promote Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0514822. [PMID: 37067445 PMCID: PMC10269811 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae deploys a type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins into plant cells to facilitate infection, for which many effectors have been characterized for their interactions. However, few T3SS Hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) proteins from the T3SS secretion apparatus have been studied for their direct interactions with plants. Here, we show that the P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 T3SS protein HrpP induces host cell death, suppresses pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), and restores the effector translocation ability of the hrpP mutant. The hrpP-transgenic Arabidopsis lines exhibited decreased PTI responses to flg22 and elf18 and enhanced disease susceptibility to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Transcriptome analysis reveals that HrpP sensing activates salicylic acid (SA) signaling while suppressing jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, which correlates with increased SA accumulation and decreased JA biosynthesis. Both yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays show that HrpP interacts with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MKK2) on the plant membrane and in the nucleus. The HrpP truncation HrpP1-119, rather than HrpP1-101, retains the ability to interact with MKK2 and suppress PTI in plants. In contrast, HrpP1-101 continues to cause cell death and electrolyte leakage. MKK2 silencing compromises SA signaling but has no effect on cell death caused by HrpP. Overall, our work highlights that the P. syringae T3SS protein HrpP facilitates effector translocation and manipulates plant immunity to facilitate bacterial infection. IMPORTANCE The T3SS is required for the virulence of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens of plants and animals. This study focuses on the sensing and function of the T3SS protein HrpP during plant interactions. Our findings show that HrpP and its N-terminal truncation HrpP1-119 can interact with MKK2, promote effector translocation, and manipulate plant immunity to facilitate bacterial infection, highlighting the P. syringae T3SS component involved in the fine-tuning of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Shen Cong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Guo Zhuang
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Kiwifruit, Kiwifruit Breeding and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Lin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Nan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Melanie J. Filiatrault
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jun-Zhou Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Collection and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Philosoph AM, Dombrovsky A, Luria N, Sela N, Elad Y, Frenkel O. Rapid defense mechanism suppression during viral- oomycete disease complex formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1124911. [PMID: 37360707 PMCID: PMC10288809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1124911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Combined infection of the host plant with pathogens involving different parasitic lifestyles may result in synergistic effects that intensify disease symptoms. Understanding the molecular dynamics during concurrent infection provides essential insight into the host response. The transcriptomic pattern of cucumber plants infected with a necrotrophic pathogen, Pythium spinosum, and a biotrophic pathogen, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) was studied at different time points, under regimes of single and co-infection. Analysis of CGMMV infection alone revealed a mild influence on host gene expression at the stem base, while the infection by P. spinosum is associated with drastic changes in gene expression. Comparing P. spinosum as a single infecting pathogen with a later co-infection by CGMMV revealed a rapid host response as early as 24 hours post-CGMMV inoculation with a sharp downregulation of genes related to the host defense mechanism against the necrotrophic pathogen. Suppression of the defense mechanism of co-infected plants was followed by severe stress, including 30% plants mortality and an increase of the P. spinosum hyphae. The first evidence of defense recovery against the necrotrophic pathogen only occurred 13 days post-viral infection. These results support the hypothesis that the viral infection of the Pythium pre-infected plants subverted the host defense system and changed the equilibrium obtained with P. spinosum. It also implies a time window in which the plants are most susceptible to P. spinosum after CGMMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit M. Philosoph
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Levi Eshkol School of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Omer Frenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Science, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
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15
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Mata-Pérez C, Sánchez-Vicente I, Arteaga N, Gómez-Jiménez S, Fuentes-Terrón A, Oulebsir CS, Calvo-Polanco M, Oliver C, Lorenzo Ó. Functions of nitric oxide-mediated post-translational modifications under abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1158184. [PMID: 37063215 PMCID: PMC10101340 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1158184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions greatly impact plant growth and development. In the current context of both global climate change and land degradation, abiotic stresses usually lead to growth restriction limiting crop production. Plants have evolved to sense and respond to maximize adaptation and survival; therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the different converging signaling networks becomes critical for improving plant tolerance. In the last few years, several studies have shown the plant responses against drought and salinity, high and low temperatures, mechanical wounding, heavy metals, hypoxia, UV radiation, or ozone stresses. These threats lead the plant to coordinate a crosstalk among different pathways, highlighting the role of phytohormones and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In particular, plants sense these reactive species through post-translational modification (PTM) of macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and fatty acids, hence triggering antioxidant responses with molecular implications in the plant welfare. Here, this review compiles the state of the art about how plant systems sense and transduce this crosstalk through PTMs of biological molecules, highlighting the S-nitrosylation of protein targets. These molecular mechanisms finally impact at a physiological level facing the abiotic stressful traits that could lead to establishing molecular patterns underlying stress responses and adaptation strategies.
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16
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Chen J, Xuan Y, Yi J, Xiao G, Yuan DP, Li D. Progress in rice sheath blight resistance research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141697. [PMID: 37035075 PMCID: PMC10080073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight (ShB) disease poses a major threat to rice yield throughout the world. However, the defense mechanisms against ShB in rice remain largely unknown. ShB resistance is a typical quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. With the rapid development of molecular methods, many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to agronomic traits, biotic and abiotic stresses, and yield have been identified by genome-wide association studies. The interactions between plants and pathogens are controlled by various plant hormone signaling pathways, and the pathways synergistically or antagonistically interact with each other, regulating plant growth and development as well as the defense response. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of hormones including auxin, ethylene, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, abscisic acid, strigolactone, and cytokinin on ShB and the crosstalk between the various hormones. Furthermore, the effects of sugar and nitrogen on rice ShB resistance, as well as information on genes related to ShB resistance in rice and their effects on ShB are also discussed. In summary, this review is a comprehensive description of the QTLs, hormones, nutrition, and other defense-related genes related to ShB in rice. The prospects of targeting the resistance mechanism as a strategy for controlling ShB in rice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianghui Yi
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - De Peng Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Adobor S, Banniza S, Vandenberg A, Purves RW. Untargeted profiling of secondary metabolites and phytotoxins associated with stemphylium blight of lentil. PLANTA 2023; 257:73. [PMID: 36864322 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stemphylium botryosum alters lentil secondary metabolism and differentially affects resistant and susceptible genotypes. Untargeted metabolomics identifies metabolites and their potential biosynthetic pathways that play a crucial role in resistance to S. botryosum. The molecular and metabolic processes that mediate resistance to stemphylium blight caused by Stemphylium botryosum Wallr. in lentil are largely unknown. Identifying metabolites and pathways associated with Stemphylium infection may provide valuable insights and novel targets to breed for enhanced resistance. The metabolic changes following infection of four lentil genotypes by S. botryosum were investigated by comprehensive untargeted metabolic profiling employing reversed-phase or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to a Q-Exactive mass spectrometer. At the pre-flowering stage, plants were inoculated with S. botryosum isolate SB19 spore suspension and leaf samples were collected at 24, 96 and 144 h post-inoculation (hpi). Mock-inoculated plants were used as negative controls. After analyte separation, high-resolution mass spectrometry data was acquired in positive and negative ionization modes. Multivariate modeling revealed significant treatment, genotype and hpi effects on metabolic profile changes that reflect lentil response to Stemphylium infection. In addition, univariate analyses highlighted numerous differentially accumulated metabolites. By contrasting the metabolic profiles of SB19-inoculated and mock-inoculated plants and among lentil genotypes, 840 pathogenesis-related metabolites were detected including seven S. botryosum phytotoxins. These metabolites included amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and flavonoids in primary and secondary metabolism. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed 11 significant pathways including flavonoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which were affected upon S. botryosum infection. This research contributes to ongoing efforts toward a comprehensive understanding of the regulation and reprogramming of lentil metabolism under biotic stress, which will provide targets for potential applications in breeding for enhanced disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Adobor
- Pulse Crop Breeding and Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Sabine Banniza
- Pulse Crop Breeding and Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Pulse Crop Breeding and Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Randy W Purves
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Centre for Veterinary Drug Residues, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Bauer K, Nayem S, Lehmann M, Wenig M, Shu LJ, Ranf S, Geigenberger P, Vlot AC. β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4 modulates systemic immune signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1096800. [PMID: 36816482 PMCID: PMC9931724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1096800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pectin- and hemicellulose-associated structures of plant cell walls participate in defense responses against pathogens of different parasitic lifestyles. The resulting immune responses incorporate phytohormone signaling components associated with salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). SA plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a form of induced resistance that - after a local immune stimulus - confers long-lasting, systemic protection against a broad range of biotrophic invaders. β-D-XYLOSIDASE 4 (BXL4) protein accumulation is enhanced in the apoplast of plants undergoing SAR. Here, two independent Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of BXL4 displayed compromised systemic defenses, while local resistance responses to Pseudomonas syringae remained largely intact. Because both phloem-mediated and airborne systemic signaling were abrogated in the mutants, the data suggest that BXL4 is a central component in SAR signaling mechanisms. Exogenous xylose, a possible product of BXL4 enzymatic activity in plant cell walls, enhanced systemic defenses. However, GC-MS analysis of SAR-activated plants revealed BXL4-associated changes in the accumulation of certain amino acids and soluble sugars, but not xylose. In contrast, the data suggest a possible role of pectin-associated fucose as well as of the polyamine putrescine as regulatory components of SAR. This is the first evidence of a central role of cell wall metabolic changes in systemic immunity. Additionally, the data reveal a so far unrecognized complexity in the regulation of SAR, which might allow the design of (crop) plant protection measures including SAR-associated cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Bauer
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shahran Nayem
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Wenig
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lin-Jie Shu
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ranf
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Phytopathology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A. Corina Vlot
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition, and Health, Chair of Crop Plant Genetics, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany
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19
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Quintas-Nunes F, Brandão PR, Barreto Crespo MT, Glick BR, Nascimento FX. Plant Growth Promotion, Phytohormone Production and Genomics of the Rhizosphere-Associated Microalga, Micractinium rhizosphaerae sp. nov. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:651. [PMID: 36771735 PMCID: PMC9922002 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are important members of the soil and plant microbiomes, playing key roles in the maintenance of soil and plant health as well as in the promotion of plant growth. However, not much is understood regarding the potential of different microalgae strains in augmenting plant growth, or the mechanisms involved in such activities. In this work, the functional and genomic characterization of strain NFX-FRZ, a eukaryotic microalga belonging to the Micractinium genus that was isolated from the rhizosphere of a plant growing in a natural environment in Portugal, is presented and analyzed. The results obtained demonstrate that strain NFX-FRZ (i) belongs to a novel species, termed Micractinium rhizosphaerae sp. nov.; (ii) can effectively bind to tomato plant tissues and promote its growth; (iii) can synthesize a wide range of plant growth-promoting compounds, including phytohormones such as indole-3-acetic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid; and (iv) contains multiple genes involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling. This study provides new insights regarding the relevance of eukaryotic microalgae as plant growth-promoting agents and helps to build a foundation for future studies regarding the origin and evolution of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, as well as other plant colonization and plant growth-promoting mechanisms in soil/plant-associated Micractinium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Quintas-Nunes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro R. Brandão
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria T. Barreto Crespo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Francisco X. Nascimento
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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20
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Jiang X, Walker BJ, He SY, Hu J. The role of photorespiration in plant immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125945. [PMID: 36818872 PMCID: PMC9928950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To defend themselves in the face of biotic stresses, plants employ a sophisticated immune system that requires the coordination of other biological and metabolic pathways. Photorespiration, a byproduct pathway of oxygenic photosynthesis that spans multiple cellular compartments and links primary metabolisms, plays important roles in defense responses. Hydrogen peroxide, whose homeostasis is strongly impacted by photorespiration, is a crucial signaling molecule in plant immunity. Photorespiratory metabolites, interaction between photorespiration and defense hormone biosynthesis, and other mechanisms, are also implicated. An improved understanding of the relationship between plant immunity and photorespiration may provide a much-needed knowledge basis for crop engineering to maximize photosynthesis without negative tradeoffs in plant immunity, especially because the photorespiratory pathway has become a major target for genetic engineering with the goal to increase photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Jiang
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Berkley J. Walker
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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21
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Wu C, Wang Y, Sun H. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics reveals deep analysis of drought stress responses in needles and roots of Pinus taeda seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1031466. [PMID: 36798806 PMCID: PMC9927248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of major environmental stresses affecting plant growth and yield. Although Pinus taeda trees are planted in rainy southern China, local drought sometime occurs and can last several months, further affecting their growth and resin production. In this study, P. taeda seedlings were treated with long-term drought (42 d), and then targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis were carried out to evaluate drought tolerance of P. taeda. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that levels of some sugars, phytohormones, and amino acids significantly increased in the roots and needles of water-stressed (WS) P. taeda seedlings, compared with well-watered (WW) pine seedlings. These metabolites included sucrose in pine roots, the phytohormones abscisic acid and sacylic acid in pine needles, the phytohormone gibberellin (GA4) and the two amino acids, glycine and asparagine, in WS pine roots. Compared with WW pine seedlings, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine significantly increased in needles of WS pine seedlings, but significantly reduced in their roots. The neurotransmitters L-glutamine and hydroxytyramine significantly increased in roots and needles of WS pine seedlings, respectively, compared with WW pine seedlings, but the neurotransmitter noradrenaline significantly reduced in needles of WS pine seedlings. Levels of some unsaturated fatty acids significantly reduced in roots or needles of WS pine seedlings, compared with WW pine seedlings, such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, myristelaidic acid, myristoleic acid in WS pine roots, and palmitelaidic acid, erucic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid in WS pine needles. However, three saturated fatty acids significantly increased in WS pine seedlings, i.e., dodecanoic acid in WS pine needles, tricosanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid in WS pine roots. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that levels of some metabolites increased in WS pine seedlings, especially sugars, long-chain lipids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. A few of specific metabolites increased greatly, such as androsin, piceatanol, and panaxatriol in roots and needles of WS pine seedlings. Comparing with WW pine seedlings, it was found that the most enriched pathways in WS pine needles included flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, ABC transporters, diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and flavonoid biosynthesis; in WS pine roots, the most enriched pathways included tryptophan metabolism, caffeine metabolism, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Under long-term drought stress, P. taeda seedlings showed their own metabolomics characteristics, and some new metabolites and biosynthesis pathways were found, providing a guideline for breeding drought-tolerant cultivars of P. taeda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wu
- College of Horticulture & Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Institute of Subtropic Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Chanwala J, Khadanga B, Jha DK, Sandeep IS, Dey N. MYB Transcription Factor Family in Pearl Millet: Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Progression and Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stress and Phytohormone Treatments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020355. [PMID: 36679070 PMCID: PMC9865524 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are the regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches in controlling stress-responsive gene expression. Among them, the MYB transcription factor family is one of the largest TF family in plants, playing a significant role in plant growth, development, phytohormone signaling and stress-responsive processes. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is one of the most important C4 crop plants of the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Southeast Asia for sustaining food and fodder production. To explore the evolutionary mechanism and functional diversity of the MYB family in pearl millet, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide survey and identified 279 MYB TFs (PgMYB) in pearl millet, distributed unevenly across seven chromosomes of pearl millet. A phylogenetic analysis of the identified PgMYBs classified them into 18 subgroups, and members of the same group showed a similar gene structure and conserved motif/s pattern. Further, duplication events were identified in pearl millet that indicated towards evolutionary progression and expansion of the MYB family. Transcriptome data and relative expression analysis by qRT-PCR identified differentially expressed candidate PgMYBs (PgMYB2, PgMYB9, PgMYB88 and PgMYB151) under dehydration, salinity, heat stress and phytohormone (ABA, SA and MeJA) treatment. Taken together, this study provides valuable information for a prospective functional characterization of the MYB family members of pearl millet and their application in the genetic improvement of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeky Chanwala
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Badrinath Khadanga
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Jha
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Inavolu Sriram Sandeep
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Division of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences, NALCO Nagar Road, NALCO Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar 751023, India
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23
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Zhao L, Liao Z, Feng L, An B, He C, Wang Q, Luo H. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Cg2LysM contributed to virulence toward rubber tree through affecting invasive structure and inhibiting chitin-triggered plant immunity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129101. [PMID: 36876102 PMCID: PMC9982014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal chitin, as a typical microorganism-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), was recognized by plant LysM-containing protein to induce immunity called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). To successfully infect host plant, fungal pathogens secreted LysM-containing effectors to inhibit chitin-induced plant immunity. Filamentous fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides caused rubber tree anthracnose which resulted in serious loss of natural rubber production worldwide. However, little is known about the pathogenesis mediated by LysM effector of C. gloeosporioide. In this study, we identified a two LysM-containing effector in C. gloeosporioide and named as Cg2LysM. Cg2LysM was involved not only in conidiation, appressorium formation, invasion growth and the virulence to rubber tree, but also in melanin synthesis of C. gloeosporioides. Moreover, Cg2LysM showed chitin-binding activity and suppression of chitin-triggered immunity of rubber tree such as ROS production and the expression of defense relative genes HbPR1, HbPR5, HbNPR1 and HbPAD4. This work suggested that Cg2LysM effector facilitate infection of C. gloeosporioides to rubber tree through affecting invasive structure and inhibiting chitin-triggered plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiwen Liao
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Liping Feng
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Bang An
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Chaozu He
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- College of Tropical Corps, Hainan University, Haikou, China.,Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
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24
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Zhang M, Zhao R, Huang K, Wei Z, Guo B, Huang S, Li Z, Jiang W, Wu T, Du X. OsWRKY76 positively regulates drought stress via OsbHLH148-mediated jasmonate signaling in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1168723. [PMID: 37089644 PMCID: PMC10113545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1168723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental threat that limits plant growth and crop productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind drought tolerance in crops. Here, OsWRKY76 positively regulated drought stress in rice. OsWRKY76 expression was induced by PEG treatment, dehydration stress, and exogenous MeJA rather than by no treatment. Notably, OsWRKY76 knockout weakened drought tolerance at the seedling stage and decreased MeJA sensitivity. OsJAZ12 was significantly induced by drought stress, and its expression was significantly higher in OsWRKY76-knockout mutants than in wild-type ZH11 under drought stress. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that OsWRKY76 interacted with OsJAZ12. OsWRKY76 weakened the interaction between OsbHLH148 and OsJAZ12 in yeast cells. The OsJAZ12 protein repressed the transactivation activity of OsbHLH148, and this repression was partly restored by OsWRKY76 in rice protoplasts. Moreover, OsDREB1E expression was lower in OsWRKY76-knockout mutants than in wild-type ZH11 under drought stress, but it was upregulated under normal growth conditions. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and dual-luciferase assays showed that OsWRKY76 and OsbHLH148 bound directly to the OsDREB1E promoter and activated OsDREB1E expression in response to drought stress. These results suggest that OsWRKY76 confers drought tolerance through OsbHLH148-mediated jasmonate signaling in rice, offering a new clue to uncover the mechanisms behind drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Wu
- *Correspondence: Tao Wu, ; Xinglin Du,
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25
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Xu J, Hu Z, He H, Ou X, Yang Y, Xiao C, Yang C, Li L, Jiang W, Zhou T. Transcriptome analysis reveals that jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling is associated with the biosynthesis of asperosaponin VI in Dipsacus asperoides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1022075. [PMID: 36798802 PMCID: PMC9928152 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dipsacus asperoides is a perennial herb, the roots of which are abundant in asperosaponin VI, which has important medicinal value. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of asperosaponin VI in D. asperoides remains unclear. In present study, a comprehensive investigation of asperosaponin VI biosynthesis was conducted at the levels of metabolite and transcript during root development. The content of asperosaponin VI was significantly accumulated in two-leaf stage roots, and the spatial distribution of asperosaponin VI was localized in the xylem. The concentration of asperosaponin VI gradually increased in the root with the development process. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3916 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 146 transcription factors (TFs) during root development in D. asperoides. In addition, α-linolenic acid metabolism, jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, JA signal transduction, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were prominently enriched. Furthermore, the concentration of JA gradually increased, and genes involved in α-linolenic acid metabolism, JA biosynthesis, and triterpenoid biosynthesis were up-regulated during root development. Moreover, the concentration of asperosaponin VI was increased following methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment by activating the expression of genes in the triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway, including acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (DaAACT), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (DaHMGCS), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (DaHMGCR). We speculate that JA biosynthesis and signaling regulates the expression of triterpenoid biosynthetic genes and facilitate the biosynthesis of asperosaponin VI. The results suggest a regulatory network wherein triterpenoids, JA, and TFs co-modulate the biosynthesis of asperosaponin VI in D. asperoides.
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26
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Ayala PG, Acevedo RM, Luna CV, Rivarola M, Acuña C, Marcucci Poltri S, González AM, Sansberro PA. Transcriptome Dynamics of Rooting Zone and Leaves during In Vitro Adventitious Root Formation in Eucalyptus nitens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11233301. [PMID: 36501341 PMCID: PMC9740172 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wood properties and agronomic traits associated with fast growth and frost tolerance make Eucalyptus nitens a valuable forest alternative. However, the rapid age-related decline in the adventitious root (AR) formation (herein, meaning induction, initiation, and expression stages) limits its propagation. We analyzed transcriptomic profile variation in leaves and stem bases during AR induction of microcuttings to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in AR formation. In addition, we quantified expressions of candidate genes associated with recalcitrance. We delimited the ontogenic phases of root formation using histological techniques and Scarecrow and Short-Root expression quantification for RNA sequencing sample collection. We quantified the gene expressions associated with root meristem formation, auxin biosynthesis, perception, signaling, conjugation, and cytokinin signaling in shoots harvested from 2- to 36-month-old plants. After IBA treatment, 702 transcripts changed their expressions. Several were involved in hormone homeostasis and the signaling pathways that determine cell dedifferentiation, leading to root meristem formation. In part, the age-related decline in the rooting capacity is attributable to the increase in the ARR1 gene expression, which negatively affects auxin homeostasis. The analysis of the transcriptomic variation in the leaves and rooting zones provided profuse information: (1) To elucidate the auxin metabolism; (2) to understand the hormonal and signaling processes involved; (3) to collect data associated with their recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula G. Ayala
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
- Mejoramiento Genético Forestal, INTA-EEA Concordia, CC 34, Concordia E3200AQK, Argentina
| | - Raúl M. Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Claudia V. Luna
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Cintia Acuña
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Susana Marcucci Poltri
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA (INTA), Nicolas Repetto y de los Reseros s/n, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Ana M. González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
| | - Pedro A. Sansberro
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada y Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sgto. Cabral 2131, Corrientes W3402BKG, Argentina
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +54-3794427589
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27
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Mithöfer A, Riemann M, Faehn CA, Mrazova A, Jaakola L. Plant defense under Arctic light conditions: Can plants withstand invading pests? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051107. [PMID: 36507393 PMCID: PMC9729949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is predicted to change the growth conditions for plants and crops in regions at high latitudes (>60° N), including the Arctic. This will be accompanied by alterations in the composition of natural plant and pest communities, as herbivorous arthropods will invade these regions as well. Interactions between previously non-overlapping species may occur and cause new challenges to herbivore attack. However, plants growing at high latitudes experience less herbivory compared to plants grown at lower latitudes. We hypothesize that this finding is due to a gradient of constitutive chemical defense towards the Northern regions. We further hypothesize that higher level of defensive compounds is mediated by higher level of the defense-related phytohormone jasmonate. Because its biosynthesis is light dependent, Arctic summer day light conditions can promote jasmonate accumulation and, hence, downstream physiological responses. A pilot study with bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) plants grown under different light regimes supports the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Corine A. Faehn
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna Mrazova
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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28
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The CRK5 and WRKY53 Are Conditional Regulators of Senescence and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223558. [PMID: 36428987 PMCID: PMC9688832 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) constitute a large group of membrane-localized proteins which perceive external stimuli and transduce the signal into the cell. Previous reports based on their loss-of-function phenotypes and expression profile support their role in many developmental and stress-responsive pathways. Our study revealed that one member of this family, CRK5, acts as a negative regulator of leaf aging. Enrichment of the CRK5 promoter region in W-box cis-elements demonstrated that WRKY transcription factors control it. We observed significantly enhanced WRKY53 expression in crk5 and reversion of its early-senescence phenotype in the crk5 wrky53 line, suggesting a negative feedback loop between these proteins antagonistically regulating chlorophyll a and b contents. Yeast-two hybrid assay showed further that CRK5 interacts with several proteins involved in response to water deprivation or calcium signaling, while gas exchange analysis revealed a positive effect of CRK5 on water use efficiency. Consistent with that, the crk5 plants showed disturbed foliar temperature, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and increased susceptibility to osmotic stress. These traits were fully or partially reverted to wild-type phenotype in crk5 wrky53 double mutant. Obtained results suggest that WRKY53 and CRK5 are antagonistic regulators of chlorophyll synthesis/degradation, senescence, and stomatal conductance.
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29
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Chu S, Ma H, Li K, Li J, Liu H, Quan L, Zhu X, Chen M, Lu W, Chen X, Qu X, Xu J, Lian Y, Lu W, Xiong E, Jiao Y. Comparisons of constitutive resistances to soybean cyst nematode between PI 88788- and Peking-type sources of resistance in soybean by transcriptomic and metabolomic profilings. Front Genet 2022; 13:1055867. [PMID: 36437927 PMCID: PMC9686325 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1055867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a serious damaging disease in soybean worldwide. Peking- and PI 88788-type sources of resistance are two most important germplasm used in breeding resistant soybean cultivars against this disease. However, until now, no comparisons of constitutive resistances to soybean cyst nematode between these two types of sources had been conducted, probably due to the influences of different backgrounds. In this study, we used pooled-sample analysis strategy to minimize the influence of different backgrounds and directly compared the molecular mechanisms underlying constitutive resistance to soybean cyst nematode between these two types of sources via transcriptomic and metabolomic profilings. Six resistant soybean accessions that have identical haplotypes as Peking at Rgh1 and Rhg4 loci were pooled to represent Peking-type sources. The PI88788-type and control pools were also constructed in a same way. Through transcriptomic and metabolomics anaylses, differentially expressed genes and metabolites were identified. The molecular pathways involved in the metabolism of toxic metabolites were predicted to play important roles in conferring soybean cyst nematode resistance to soybean. Functions of two resistant candidate genes were confirmed by hairy roots transformation methods in soybean. Our studies can be helpful for soybean scientists to further learn about the molecular mechanism of resistance to soybean cyst nematode in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Leipo Quan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuling Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Lian
- Zhengzhou Subcenter of National Soybean Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai Valleys of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Zhengzhou Subcenter of National Soybean Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang-Huai Valleys of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Industrial Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erhui Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqing Jiao, ; Erhui Xiong,
| | - Yongqing Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops /College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqing Jiao, ; Erhui Xiong,
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Mahmud S, Ullah C, Kortz A, Bhattacharyya S, Yu P, Gershenzon J, Vothknecht UC. Constitutive expression of JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 induces molecular changes that prime the plants to better withstand drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2906-2922. [PMID: 35864601 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated Arabidopsis thaliana plants with altered levels of the enzyme JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (JAR1), which converts jasmonic acid (JA) to jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Analysis of a newly generated overexpression line (35S::JAR1) revealed that constitutively increased JA-Ile production in 35S::JAR1 alters plant development, resulting in stunted growth and delayed flowering. Under drought-stress conditions, 35S::JAR1 plants showed reduced wilting and recovered better from desiccation than the wild type. By contrast, jar1-11 plants with a strong reduction in JA-Ile content were hypersensitive to drought. RNA-sequencing analysis and hormonal profiling of plants under normal and drought conditions provided insights into the molecular reprogramming caused by the alteration in JA-Ile content. Especially 35S::JAR1 plants displayed changes in expression of developmental genes related to growth and flowering. Further transcriptional differences pertained to drought-related adaptive systems, including stomatal density and aperture, but also reactive oxygen species production and detoxification. Analysis of wild type and jar1-11 plants carrying the roGFP-Orp1 sensor support a role of JA-Ile in the alleviation of methyl viologen-induced H2 O2 production. Our data substantiate a role of JA-Ile in abiotic stress response and suggest that JAR1-mediated increase in JA-Ile content primes Arabidopsis towards improved drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakil Mahmud
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Moleculara Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Chhana Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Kortz
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabarna Bhattacharyya
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Moleculara Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peng Yu
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Emmy Noether Group Root Functional Biology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ute C Vothknecht
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Moleculara Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Zhang Y, Gao C, Zhang Y, Huang H, Du Y, Wu L, Wu L. FTX271: A potential gene resource for plant antiviral transgenic breeding. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003478. [PMID: 36246260 PMCID: PMC9558137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flammutoxin (FTX), as well as its precursor TDP, is a protein from Flammulina velutipes with antiviral activity. Transgenic tobacco with the FTX271 (gene of FTX or TDP) can not only delay the onset time of symptoms but also alleviate the symptoms caused by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, FTX271 was introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana, and the disease resistance mechanism activated by FTX271 was speculated by transcriptomic and proteomic techniques. The results showed that TDP was detected, and some genes, proteins and pathways were significant upregulated or enriched in transgenic tobacco, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade signal transduction pathway, the expression of hypersensitive response (HR) marker genes H1N1 and HSR203J, pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and the key genes COI1 and lipoxygenase gene LOX2 of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, indicating FTX271 may activate the MAPK pathway and increase the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and JA, which promoted the HR and inducible systemic resistance (ISR). ISR caused increased expression of peroxidase (POD) and other proteins involved in pathogen defense. In addition, transgenic tobacco may use sHSP-assisted photoreparation to alleviate the symptoms of TMV. In conclusion, JA-mediated ISR and sHSP-assisted photoreparation are activated by FTX271 to protect tobacco from TMV infection and alleviate the symptoms caused by the virus. The study provided a theoretical basis for the TMV resistance mechanism of FTX271, which may represent a potential gene resource for plant antiviral transgenic breeding.
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C3H Expression Is Crucial for Methyl Jasmonate Induction of Chicoric Acid Production by Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench Cell Suspension Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911179. [PMID: 36232482 PMCID: PMC9570471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is one of the most economically important medicinal plants, cultivated worldwide for its high medicinal value and with several industrial applications in both pharmaceutical and food industries. Thanks to its various phytochemical contents, including caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), E. purpurea extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immuno-stimulating properties. Among CADs, chicoric acid is one of the most important compounds which have shown important pharmacological properties. The present research was aimed at optimizing the production of chicoric acid in E. purpurea cell culture. Methyl jasmonate (MeJa) at different concentrations and for different duration of treatments was utilized as elicitor, and the content of total polyphenols and chicoric acid was measured. Several genes involved in the chicoric acid biosynthetic pathway were selected, and their expression evaluated at different time points of cell culture growth. This was performed with the aim of identifying the most suitable putative molecular markers to be used as a proxy for the early prediction of chicoric acid contents, without the need of expensive quantification methods. A correlation between the production of chicoric acid in response to MeJa and an increased response to oxidative stress was also proposed.
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Aranda-Caño L, Valderrama R, Chaki M, Begara-Morales JC, Melguizo M, Barroso JB. Nitrated Fatty-Acids Distribution in Storage Biomolecules during Arabidopsis thaliana Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101869. [PMID: 36290592 PMCID: PMC9598412 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-enzymatic interaction of polyunsaturated fatty acids with nitric oxide (NO) and derived species results in the formation of nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs). These signaling molecules can release NO, reversibly esterify with complex lipids, and modulate protein function through the post-translational modification called nitroalkylation. To date, NO2-FAs act as signaling molecules during plant development in plant systems and are involved in defense responses against abiotic stress conditions. In this work, the previously unknown storage biomolecules of NO2-FAs in Arabidopsis thaliana were identified. In addition, the distribution of NO2-FAs in storage biomolecules during plant development was determined, with phytosterol esters (SE) and TAGs being reservoir biomolecules in seeds, which were replaced by phospholipids and proteins in the vegetative, generative, and senescence stages. The detected esterified NO2-FAs were nitro-linolenic acid (NO2-Ln), nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), and nitro-linoleic acid (NO2-LA). The last two were detected for the first time in Arabidopsis. The levels of the three NO2-FAs that were esterified in both lipid and protein storage biomolecules showed a decreasing pattern throughout Arabidopsis development. Esterification of NO2-FAs in phospholipids and proteins highlights their involvement in both biomembrane dynamics and signaling processes, respectively, during Arabidopsis plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Aranda-Caño
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Institute of Research in Olive Groves and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Institute of Research in Olive Groves and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Mounira Chaki
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Institute of Research in Olive Groves and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan C. Begara-Morales
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Institute of Research in Olive Groves and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Juan B. Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Institute of Research in Olive Groves and Olive Oils, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Falconieri GS, Bertini L, Bizzarri E, Proietti S, Caruso C. Plant defense: ARR11 response regulator as a potential player in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995178. [PMID: 36212312 PMCID: PMC9533103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and response to environmental cues are largely driven by hormones. Salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defenses have been shown to be effective against different types of attackers. SA-mediated defense is mainly effective against biotrophic pathogens and phloem-feeding insects, whereas JA-mediated defense is effective against necrotrophic pathogens and tissue-damaging insects. Cytokinins (CKs) are classic growth hormones that have also emerged as plant immunity modulators. Evidence pointed out that CKs contribute to the defense responses mediated by SA and JA, acting as hormone modulators of the SA/JA signaling backbone. Recently, we identified in Arabidopsis a type-B response regulator 11 (ARR 11) involved in cytokinin-mediated responses as a novel regulator of the SA/JA cross-talk. Here we investigated plant fitness and resistance against the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis wild-type Col-8 and defective arr11 mutant following SA, JA, CK single or combined treatment. Our results demonstrated that the CK and SA/JA/CK combination has a positive outcome on plant fitness in both Arabidopsis Col-8 and arr11 mutant,. The triple hormone treatment is efficient in increasing resistance to B. cinerea in Col-8 and this effect is stronger in arr11 mutant. The results will provide not only new background knowledge, corroborating the role of ARR11 in plant-defense related processes, but also new potential opportunities for alternative ways of protecting plants from fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carla Caruso
- *Correspondence: Silvia Proietti, ; Carla Caruso,
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Xiang L, He P, Shu G, Yuan M, Wen M, Lan X, Liao Z, Tang Y. AabHLH112, a bHLH transcription factor, positively regulates sesquiterpenes biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:973591. [PMID: 36119570 PMCID: PMC9478121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.973591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. β-Caryophyllene, epi-cedrol, and β-farnesene, three kinds of sesquiterpenes mainly found in plants, are widely used as spice in the food industry and biological pesticides in agricultural production. Furthermore, they also have a significant value in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge on the function of bHLH family TFs in β-caryophyllene, epi-cedrol, and β-farnesene biosynthesis. Here, we found that AabHLH112 transcription factor had a novel function to positively regulate β-carophyllene, epi-cedrol, and β-farnesene biosynthesis in Artemisia annua. Exogenous MeJA enhanced the expression of AabHLH112 and genes of β-caryophyllene synthase (CPS), epi-cedrol synthase (ECS), and β-farnesene synthase (BFS), as well as sesquiterpenes content. Dual-LUC assay showed the activation of AaCPS, AaECS, and AaBFS promoters were enhanced by AabHLH112. Yeast one-hybrid assay showed AabHLH112 could bind to the G-box (CANNTG) cis-element in promoters of both AaCPS and AaECS. In addition, overexpression of AabHLH112 in A. annua significantly elevated the expression levels of AaCPS, AaECS, and AaBFS as well as the contents of β-caryophyllene, epi-cedrol, and β-farnesene, while suppressing AabHLH112 expression by RNAi reduced the expression of the three genes and the contents of the three sesquiterpenes. These results suggested that AabHLH112 is a positive regulator of β-caryophyllene, epi-cedrol, and β-farnesene biosynthesis in A. annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College and Southwest University (TAAHC-SWU) Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping He
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoping Shu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College and Southwest University (TAAHC-SWU) Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyuan Yuan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College and Southwest University (TAAHC-SWU) Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengling Wen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College and Southwest University (TAAHC-SWU) Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Food Science College, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College and Southwest University (TAAHC-SWU) Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueli Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College and Southwest University (TAAHC-SWU) Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Song H, Li Y, Wang Z, Duan Z, Wang Y, Yang E, Que Q, Chen X, Li P. Transcriptome profiling of Toona ciliata young stems in response to Hypsipyla robusta Moore. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950945. [PMID: 36105698 PMCID: PMC9465623 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toona ciliata is a traditional woody plant that can be used as a medicinal material in China. The extracts of its roots, stems, leaves, and flowers all have a wide range of bioactive compounds. However, T. ciliata has been facing an unresolved pest problem caused by Hypsipyla robusta Moore (HRM), which seriously affects its growth and development. In this study, the expression level of TcMYB3 gene reached the maximum (28-fold) at 12 h and transcriptome sequencing of young stems eaten by HRM for 0, 3, 12, and 21 h were performed. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified including jointly up-regulated genes (263) and down-regulated genes (378). JA synthesis and signaling transduction, terpene biosynthesis, and MAPKs signaling pathway were analyzed in depth and found that TcOPR3, TcJAR1, TcJAZs, and TcTPS9 genes possessed anti-insect potential. Moreover, MYB and ERF transcription factor (TF) families were significantly strengthened to the point that they may participate in induced defense mechanisms in T. ciliata. These data not only provide insights into the molecular mechanisms in resistance of T. ciliata to HRM but also helps to explore the new biocontrol strategies against insects in eco-friendly woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Song
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Duan
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueyang Wang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Endian Yang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Sohn SI, Pandian S, Rakkammal K, Largia MJV, Thamilarasan SK, Balaji S, Zoclanclounon YAB, Shilpha J, Ramesh M. Jasmonates in plant growth and development and elicitation of secondary metabolites: An updated overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942789. [PMID: 36035665 PMCID: PMC9407636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are incontestably key specialized molecules with proven health-promoting effects on human beings. Naturally synthesized secondary metabolites are considered an important source of pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics, flavors, etc., Therefore, enhancing the biosynthesis of these relevant metabolites by maintaining natural authenticity is getting more attention. The application of exogenous jasmonates (JAs) is well recognized for its ability to trigger plant growth and development. JAs have a large spectrum of action that covers seed germination, hypocotyl growth regulation, root elongation, petal expansion, and apical hook growth. This hormone is considered as one of the key regulators of the plant's growth and development when the plant is under biotic or abiotic stress. The JAs regulate signal transduction through cross-talking with other genes in plants and thereby deploy an appropriate metabolism in the normal or stressed conditions. It has also been found to be an effective chemical elicitor for the synthesis of naturally occurring secondary metabolites. This review discusses the significance of JAs in the growth and development of plants and the successful outcomes of jasmonate-driven elicitation of secondary metabolites including flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthocyanin, xanthonoid, and more from various plant species. However, as the enhancement of these metabolites is essentially measured via in vitro cell culture or foliar spray, the large-scale production is significantly limited. Recent advancements in the plant cell culture technology lay the possibilities for the large-scale manufacturing of plant-derived secondary metabolites. With the insights about the genetic background of the metabolite biosynthetic pathway, synthetic biology also appears to be a potential avenue for accelerating their production. This review, therefore, also discussed the potential manoeuvres that can be deployed to synthesis plant secondary metabolites at the large-scale using plant cell, tissue, and organ cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | | | - Senthil Kumar Thamilarasan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | - Yedomon Ange Bovys Zoclanclounon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jayabalan Shilpha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Conjunctive Analyses of BSA-Seq and BSR-Seq Unveil the Msβ-GAL and MsJMT as Key Candidate Genes for Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137172. [PMID: 35806189 PMCID: PMC9266382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowing the molecular mechanism of male sterility in alfalfa is important to utilize the heterosis more effectively. However, the molecular mechanisms of male sterility in alfalfa are still unclear. In this study, the bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR) were performed with F2 separation progeny to study the molecular mechanism of male sterility in alfalfa. The BSA-seq analysis was located in a candidate region on chromosome 5 containing 626 candidate genes which were associated with male sterility in alfalfa, while the BSR-seq analysis filtered seven candidate DEGs related to male sterility, and these candidate genes including EF-Tu, β-GAL, CESA, PHGDH, and JMT. The conjunctive analyses of BSR and BSA methods revealed that the genes of Msβ-GAL and MsJMT are the common detected candidate genes involved in male sterility in alfalfa. Our research provides a theory basis for further study of the molecular mechanism of male sterility in alfalfa and significant information for the genetic breeding of Medicago sativa.
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Wilkinson SW, Dalen LS, Skrautvol TO, Ton J, Krokene P, Mageroy MH. Transcriptomic changes during the establishment of long-term methyl jasmonate-induced resistance in Norway spruce. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1891-1913. [PMID: 35348221 PMCID: PMC9321552 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Norway spruce (Picea abies) is an economically and ecologically important tree species that grows across northern and central Europe. Treating Norway spruce with jasmonate has long-lasting beneficial effects on tree resistance to damaging pests, such as the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal associates. The (epi)genetic mechanisms involved in such long-lasting jasmonate induced resistance (IR) have gained much recent interest but remain largely unknown. In this study, we treated 2-year-old spruce seedlings with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and challenged them with the I. typographus vectored necrotrophic fungus Grosmannia penicillata. MeJA treatment reduced the extent of necrotic lesions in the bark 8 weeks after infection and thus elicited long-term IR against the fungus. The transcriptional response of spruce bark to MeJA treatment was analysed over a 4-week time course using mRNA-seq. This analysis provided evidence that MeJA treatment induced a transient upregulation of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene biosynthesis genes and downstream signalling genes. Our data also suggests that defence-related genes are induced while genes related to growth are repressed by methyl jasmonate treatment. These results provide new clues about the potential underpinning mechanisms and costs associated with long-term MeJA-IR in Norway spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Wilkinson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable FoodUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Division for Biotechnology and Plant HealthNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Lars S. Dalen
- Department of CommunicationsNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Thomas O. Skrautvol
- Division for Biotechnology and Plant HealthNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Jurriaan Ton
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, Institute for Sustainable FoodUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Paal Krokene
- Division for Biotechnology and Plant HealthNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Melissa H. Mageroy
- Division for Biotechnology and Plant HealthNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
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Komatsu S, Yamaguchi H, Hitachi K, Tsuchida K. Proteomic, Biochemical, and Morphological Analyses of the Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Mixed with Organic and Inorganic Chemicals on Wheat Growth. Cells 2022; 11:1579. [PMID: 35563885 PMCID: PMC9104970 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is vulnerable to numerous diseases; on the other hand, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit a sterilizing action. To understand the combined effects of AgNPs with nicotinate and potassium nitrate (KNO3) for plant growth and sterilization, a gel- and label-free proteomics was performed. Root weight was promoted by the treatment of AgNPs mixed with nicotinate and KNO3. From a total of 5557 detected proteins, 90 proteins were changed by the mixture of AgNPs, nicotinate, and KNO3; among them, 25 and 65 proteins increased and decreased, respectively. The changed proteins were mainly associated with redox and biotic stress in the functional categorization. By immunoblot analysis, the abundance of glutathione reductase/peroxiredoxin and pathogen-related protein three significantly decreased with the mixture. Furthermore, from the changed proteins, the abundance of starch synthase and lipoxygenase significantly increased and decreased, respectively. Through biochemical analysis, the starch contents increased with the mixture. The application of esculetin, which is a lipoxygenase inhibitor, increased the weight and length of the root. These results suggest that the AgNPs mixed with nicotinate and KNO3 cause positive effects on wheat seedlings by regulating pathogen-related protein and reactive-oxygen species scavenging. Furthermore, increasing starch and decreasing lipoxygenase might improve wheat growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi 512-8045, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (K.T.)
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Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Responses in Cotton Plant to Apolygus lucorum Infestation. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040391. [PMID: 35447833 PMCID: PMC9025427 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With the wide-scale adoption of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton, Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) has become the most serious pest and has caused extensive yield loss in cotton production. However, little is known about the defense responses of cotton at the seedling stage to A. lucorum feeding. In this study, to elucidate the cotton defense mechanism, cotton leaves were damaged by A. lucorum for 0, 4, 12 and 24 h. The transcriptomic results showed that A. lucorum feeding elicits a rapid and strong defense response in gene expression during the whole infestation process in cotton plants. Further analysis revealed that at each assessment time, more differentially expressed genes were up-regulated than down-regulated. The integrated analysis of transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that most of the genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis were initially up-regulated, and this trend continued during an infestation. Meanwhile, the content levels of JA and its intermediate products were also significantly increased throughout the whole infestation process. The similar trend was displayed in condensed tannins biosynthesis. This research proved that, after plants are damaged by A. lucorum, the JA pathway mediates the defense mechanisms in cotton plants by promoting the accumulation of condensed tannins as a defense mechanism against A. lucorum. These results will help us to discover unknown defensive genes and improve the integrated pest management of A. lucorum.
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Ojeda-Rivera JO, Ulloa M, Roberts PA, Kottapalli P, Wang C, Nájera-González HR, Payton P, Lopez-Arredondo D, Herrera-Estrella L. Root-Knot Nematode Resistance in Gossypium hirsutum Determined by a Constitutive Defense-Response Transcriptional Program Avoiding a Fitness Penalty. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858313. [PMID: 35498643 PMCID: PMC9044970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important renewable source of natural textile fiber and one of the most cultivated crops around the world. Plant-parasitic nematode infestations, such as the southern Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita, represent a threat to cotton production worldwide. Host-plant resistance is a highly effective strategy to manage RKN; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of RKN-resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we harness the differences in RKN-resistance between a susceptible (Acala SJ-2, SJ2), a moderately resistant (Upland Wild Mexico Jack Jones, WMJJ), and a resistant (Acala NemX) cotton entries, to perform genome-wide comparative analysis of the root transcriptional response to M. incognita infection. RNA-seq data suggest that RKN-resistance is determined by a constitutive state of defense transcriptional behavior that prevails in the roots of the NemX cultivar. Gene ontology and protein homology analyses indicate that the root transcriptional landscape in response to RKN-infection is enriched for responses related to jasmonic and salicylic acid, two key phytohormones in plant defense responses. These responses are constitutively activated in NemX and correlate with elevated levels of these two hormones while avoiding a fitness penalty. We show that the expression of cotton genes coding for disease resistance and receptor proteins linked to RKN-resistance and perception in plants, is enhanced in the roots of RKN-resistant NemX. Members of the later gene families, located in the confidence interval of a previously identified QTL associated with RKN resistance, represent promising candidates that might facilitate introduction of RKN-resistance into valuable commercial varieties of cotton. Our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie RKN resistance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Odilón Ojeda-Rivera
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Mauricio Ulloa
- USDA-ARS, PA, CSRL, Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Philip A. Roberts
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Pratibha Kottapalli
- USDA-ARS, PA, CSRL, Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Congli Wang
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Héctor-Rogelio Nájera-González
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Paxton Payton
- USDA-ARS, PA, CSRL, Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Damar Lopez-Arredondo
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Unidad de Genomica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Mexico
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Liu J, Yang R, Liang Y, Wang Y, Li X. The DREB A-5 Transcription Factor ScDREB5 From Syntrichia caninervis Enhanced Salt Tolerance by Regulating Jasmonic Acid Biosynthesis in Transgenic Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:857396. [PMID: 35463447 PMCID: PMC9019590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major limiting factor in crop productivity. Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) transcription factors have been widely identified in a variety of plants and play important roles in plant stress responses. Studies on DREBs have primarily focused on the A-1 and A-2 DREB groups, while few have focused on the A-5 group. In this study, we concentrated on ScDREB5, an A-5b type DREB gene from the desiccation-tolerant moss Syntrichia caninervis. ScDREB5 is a transcription factor localized to the nucleus that exhibits transactivation activity in yeast. Ectopic ScDREB5 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana increased seed germination and improved seedling tolerance under salt stress. ScDREB5-overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed lower methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, but higher peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities compared to wild plants. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of stress marker genes, including RD29B, COR47, LEA6, LEA7, ERD1, P5CS1, and salt overly sensitive (SOS) genes (SOS1, SOS2, and SOS3), were upregulated in the transgenic lines when subjected to salt treatment. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses indicated that transgenic lines were accompanied by an increased expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis genes, as well as a higher JA content under salt stress. Our results suggest that ScDREB5 could improve salt tolerance by enhancing the scavenging abilities of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing JA content by upregulating JA synthesis gene expression, regulating ion homeostasis by up-regulating stress-related genes, osmotic adjustment, and protein protection, making ScDREB5 a promising candidate gene for crop salt stress breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Association mapping of autumn-seeded rye (Secale cereale L.) reveals genetic linkages between genes controlling winter hardiness and plant development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5793. [PMID: 35388069 PMCID: PMC8986816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter field survival (WFS) in autumn-seeded winter cereals is a complex trait associated with low temperature tolerance (LTT), prostrate growth habit (PGH), and final leaf number (FLN). WFS and the three sub-traits were analyzed by a genome-wide association study of 96 rye (Secale cereal L.) genotypes of different origins and winter-hardiness levels. A total of 10,244 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified by genotyping by sequencing and 259 marker-trait-associations (MTAs; p < 0.01) were revealed by association mapping. The ten most significant SNPs (p < 1.49e−04) associated with WFS corresponded to nine strong candidate genes: Inducer of CBF Expression 1 (ICE1), Cold-regulated 413-Plasma Membrane Protein 1 (COR413-PM1), Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Protein 1 (IRIP1), Jasmonate-resistant 1 (JAR1), BIPP2C1-like protein phosphatase, Chloroplast Unusual Positioning Protein-1 (CHUP1), FRIGIDA-like 4 (FRL4-like) protein, Chalcone Synthase 2 (CHS2), and Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase 8 (PAL8). Seven of the candidate genes were also significant for one or several of the sub-traits supporting the hypothesis that WFS, LTT, FLN, and PGH are genetically interlinked. The winter-hardy rye genotypes generally carried additional allele variants for the strong candidate genes, which suggested allele diversity was a major contributor to cold acclimation efficiency and consistent high WFS under varying field conditions.
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45
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Emerging Roles of Motile Epidermal Chloroplasts in Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074043. [PMID: 35409402 PMCID: PMC8999904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant epidermis contains atypical small chloroplasts. However, the physiological role of this organelle is unclear compared to that of large mesophyll chloroplasts, the well-known function of which is photosynthesis. Although knowledge of the involvement of chloroplasts in the plant immunity has been expanded to date, the differences between the epidermal and mesophyll chloroplasts are beyond the scope of this study. Given the role of the plant epidermis as a barrier to environmental stresses, including pathogen attacks, and the immune-related function of chloroplasts, plant defense research on epidermal chloroplasts is an emerging field. Recent studies have revealed the dynamic movements of epidermal chloroplasts in response to fungal and oomycete pathogens. Furthermore, epidermal chloroplast-associated proteins and cellular events that are tightly linked to epidermal resistance against pathogens have been reported. In this review, I have focused on the recent progress in epidermal chloroplast-mediated plant immunity.
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46
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Li C, Xu M, Cai X, Han Z, Si J, Chen D. Jasmonate Signaling Pathway Modulates Plant Defense, Growth, and Their Trade-Offs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073945. [PMID: 35409303 PMCID: PMC8999811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-derived jasmonates (JAs) play a crucial role in a variety of plant development and defense mechanisms. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the JA signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss JA biosynthesis, as well as its core signaling pathway, termination mechanisms, and the evolutionary origin of JA signaling. JA regulates not only plant regeneration, reproductive growth, and vegetative growth but also the responses of plants to stresses, including pathogen as well as virus infection, herbivore attack, and abiotic stresses. We also focus on the JA signaling pathway, considering its crosstalk with the gibberellin (GA), auxin, and phytochrome signaling pathways for mediation of the trade-offs between growth and defense. In summary, JA signals regulate multiple outputs of plant defense and growth and act to balance growth and defense in order to adapt to complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (D.C.)
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47
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Salah R, Zhang RJ, Xia SW, Song SS, Hao Q, Hashem MH, Li HX, Li Y, Li XX, Lai YS. Higher Phytohormone Contents and Weaker Phytohormone Signal Transduction Were Observed in Cold-Tolerant Cucumber. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:961. [PMID: 35406941 PMCID: PMC9003209 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) originated from the South Asian subcontinent, and most of them are fragile to cold stress. In this study, we evaluated the cold tolerance of 115 cucumber accessions and screened out 10 accessions showing high resistance to cold stress. We measured and compared plant hormone contents between cold-tolerant cucumber CT90R and cold-sensitive cucumber CT57S in cold treatment. Most of the detected plant hormones showed significantly higher content in CT90R. To elucidate the role of plant hormones, we compared the leaf- and root-transcriptomes of CT90R with those of CT57S in cold stress treatment. In leaves, there were 1209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CT90R and CT57S, while there were 703 in roots. These DEGs were not evenly distributed across the chromosomes and there were significant enrichments at particular positions, including qLTT6.2, a known QTL controlling cucumber cold tolerance. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the pathway of plant hormone transductions between CT90R and CT57S in leaves. In short, genes involved in plant hormone transductions showed lower transcription levels in CT90R. In roots, the most significantly different pathway was phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. CT90R seemed to actively accumulate more monolignols by upregulating cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes. These results above suggest a new perspective on the regulation mechanism of cold tolerance in cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Salah
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Minya University, Minya 61511, Egypt
| | - Rui-Jin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shi-Wei Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qian Hao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mustafa H. Hashem
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
- Central Lab. of Organic Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Huan-Xiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xi-Xiang Li
- Institution of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South Zhongguancun Street 12, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yun-Song Lai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (R.S.); (R.-J.Z.); (S.-W.X.); (S.-S.S.); (Q.H.); (M.H.H.); (H.-X.L.); (Y.L.)
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MicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of Pinus pinaster response and resistance to pinewood nematode. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5160. [PMID: 35338210 PMCID: PMC8956650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, or pinewood nematode (PWN), is a serious threat to pine forests in Europe. Pinus pinaster is highly susceptible to the disease and it is currently the most affected European pine species. In this work, we investigated the role of small RNAs (sRNAs) in regulating P. pinaster–PWN interaction in an early stage of infection. After performing an artificial PWN inoculation assay, we have identified 105 plant microRNAs (miRNAs) responsive to PWN. Based on their predicted targets, part of these miRNAs was associated with roles in jasmonate-response pathway, ROS detoxification, and terpenoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, by comparing resistant and susceptible plants, eight miRNAs with putative functions in plant defence and resistance to PWN have been identified. Finally, we explored the possibility of bidirectional trans-kingdom RNA silencing, identifying several P. pinaster genes putatively targeted by PWN miRNAs, which was supported by degradome analysis. Targets for P. pinaster miRNAs were also predicted in PWN, suggesting a role for trans-kingdom miRNA transfer and gene silencing both in PWN parasitism as in P. pinaster resistance to PWD. Our results provide new insights into previously unexplored roles of sRNA post-transcriptional regulation in P. pinaster response and resistance to PWN.
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Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is required for the vegetative propagation of economically important horticultural crops, such as apples. Asexual propagation is commonly utilized for breeding programs because of its short life cycle, true-to-typeness, and high efficiency. The lack of AR formation from stem segments is a barrier to segment survival. Therefore, understanding the AR regulatory mechanisms is vital for the prolonged and effective use of biological resources. Several studies have been undertaken to comprehend the molecular and physiological control of AR, which has greatly extended our knowledge regarding AR formation in apples and other crops. Auxin, a master controller of AR formation, is widely used for inducing AR formation in stem cutting. At the same time, cytokinins (CKs) are important for cell division and molecular reprograming, and other hormones, sugars, and nutrients interact with auxin to control excision-induced AR formation. In this review, we discuss the present understandings of ARs’ formation from physiological and molecular aspects and highlight the immediate advancements made in identifying underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of ARs. Despite the progress made in the previous decades, many concerns about excision-induced AR formation remain unanswered. These focus on the specific functions and interactions of numerous hormonal, molecular, and metabolic components and the overall framework of the entire shoot cutting in a demanding environment.
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50
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Wang L, Liu S, Gao M, Wang L, Wang L, Wang Y, Dai L, Zhao J, Liu M, Liu Z. The Crosstalk of the Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathways Contributed to Different Resistance to Phytoplasma Infection Between the Two Genotypes in Chinese Jujube. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:800762. [PMID: 35369447 PMCID: PMC8971994 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.800762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Jujube witches’ broom disease (JWB), one of the most serious phytoplasma diseases, usually results in the destruction of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). Although most jujube cultivars are sensitive to JWB, we found a few genotypes that are highly resistant to JWB. However, the molecular mechanism of phytoplasma resistance has seldom been studied. Here, we used Chinese jujube “T13,” which has strong resistance to JWB, and a typical susceptible cultivar, “Pozao” (“PZ”), as materials to perform comparative transcriptome, hormone, and regulation analyses. After phytoplasma infection, the differential expression genes (DEGs) were detected at all three growth phases (S1, S2, and S3) in “PZ,” but DEGs were detected only at the first growth phase in “T13.” Meanwhile, no phytoplasma was detected, and the symptoms especially witches’ broom caused by JWB were not observed at the last two growth phases (S2 and S3) in “T13.” Protein–protein interaction analysis also showed that the key genes were mainly involved in hormone and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. In addition, during the recovered growth phase in “T13” from S1 to S2, the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was significantly increased and then decreased from S2 to S3. Moreover, jasmonic acid (JA) was significantly accumulated in “PZ” diseased plants, especially at the S2 phase and at the S2 phase in “T13,” while the content of salicylic acid (SA) decreased significantly at the S2 phase of “T13” compared to that in “PZ.” The changes in H2O2 and JA or SA were consistent with the changes in their key synthesis genes in the transcriptome data. Finally, exogenous application of an SA inhibitor [1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT)] rescued witches’ broom symptoms, while the contents of both JA and MeJA increased after ABT treatment compared to the control, demonstrating that exogenous application of an SA inhibitor rescued the symptoms of jujube after phytoplasma infection by decreasing the contents of SA and increasing the contents of JA and MeJA. Collectively, our study provides a new perspective on the transcriptional changes of Chinese jujube in response to JWB and novel insights that the crosstalk of JA and SA signaling communicated together to contribute to “T13” JWB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shiyan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Linxia Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yunjie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Li Dai
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mengjun Liu,
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiguo Liu,
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