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Dreiseitl A. Mlo-Mediated Broad-Spectrum and Durable Resistance against Powdery Mildews and Its Current and Future Applications. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:138. [PMID: 38202446 PMCID: PMC10780490 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mlo is a well-known broad-spectrum recessively inherited monogenic durable resistance to powdery mildew caused by Blumeria hordei found first in barley, originally in an induced mutant in 1942 and later in other mutants and also in Ethiopian landraces. The first commercial varieties possessing Mlo resistance were released during 1979-1986, but these often showed symptoms of necrotic leaf spotting associated with reduced grain yield. However, this yield penalty was successfully reduced by breeding Mlo-resistant varieties of spring barley predominate in Europe; for example, in the Czech Republic, their ratio surpassed 90% of the total number of newly released varieties. However, outside Europe, Mlo-varieties are not yet popular and can be exploited more widely. Winter barley varieties are generally non-resistant, but the use of Mlo for their breeding is controversial despite the limited adaptability of the pathogen to this resistance. The renewal of mechanically disturbed epidermal plant cell walls, including the penetration of mildews, is common in plants, and the Mlo-type resistance is exploited in many other crop species, including wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Dreiseitl
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., 767 01 Kroměříž, Czech Republic
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2
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Zaffaroni M, Rimbaud L, Rey J, Papaïx J, Fabre F. Effects of pathogen reproduction system on the evolutionary and epidemiological control provided by deployment strategies for two major resistance genes in agricultural landscapes. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13627. [PMID: 38283600 PMCID: PMC10810173 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistant cultivars are of value for protecting crops from disease, but can be rapidly overcome by pathogens. Several strategies have been proposed to delay pathogen adaptation (evolutionary control), while maintaining effective protection (epidemiological control). Resistance genes can be (i) combined in the same cultivar (pyramiding), (ii) deployed in different cultivars sown in the same field (mixtures) or in different fields (mosaics), or (iii) alternated over time (rotations). The outcomes of these strategies have been investigated principally in pathogens displaying pure clonal reproduction, but many pathogens have at least one sexual event in their annual life cycles. Sexual reproduction may promote the emergence of superpathogens adapted to all the resistance genes deployed. Here, we improved the spatially explicit stochastic model landsepi to include pathogen sexual reproduction, and we used the improved model to investigate the effect of sexual reproduction on evolutionary and epidemiological outcomes across deployment strategies for two major resistance genes. Sexual reproduction favours the establishment of a superpathogen when single mutant pathogens are present together at a sufficiently high frequency, as in mosaic and mixture strategies. However, sexual reproduction did not affect the strategy recommendations for a wide range of mutation probabilities, associated fitness costs, and landscape organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zaffaroni
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, SAVEVillenave d'OrnonFrance
- INRAE, BioSPAvignonFrance
| | | | | | | | - Frédéric Fabre
- INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, SAVEVillenave d'OrnonFrance
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3
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Yıldırım K, Miladinović D, Sweet J, Akin M, Galović V, Kavas M, Zlatković M, de Andrade E. Genome editing for healthy crops: traits, tools and impacts. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1231013. [PMID: 37965029 PMCID: PMC10641503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Crop cultivars in commercial use have often been selected because they show high levels of resistance to pathogens. However, widespread cultivation of these crops for many years in the environments favorable to a pathogen requires durable forms of resistance to maintain "healthy crops". Breeding of new varieties tolerant/resistant to biotic stresses by incorporating genetic components related to durable resistance, developing new breeding methods and new active molecules, and improving the Integrated Pest Management strategies have been of great value, but their effectiveness is being challenged by the newly emerging diseases and the rapid change of pathogens due to climatic changes. Genome editing has provided new tools and methods to characterize defense-related genes in crops and improve crop resilience to disease pathogens providing improved food security and future sustainable agricultural systems. In this review, we discuss the principal traits, tools and impacts of utilizing genome editing techniques for achieving of durable resilience and a "healthy plants" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubilay Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Dragana Miladinović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jeremy Sweet
- Sweet Environmental Consultants, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Meleksen Akin
- Department of Horticulture, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Türkiye
| | - Vladislava Galović
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Musa Kavas
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Milica Zlatković
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Eugenia de Andrade
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Oeiras, Portugal
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Wang F, Zhang M, Hu Y, Gan M, Jiang B, Hao M, Ning S, Yuan Z, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang L, Wu B, Liu D, Huang L. Pyramiding of Adult-Plant Resistance Genes Enhances All-Stage Resistance to Wheat Stripe Rust. Plant Dis 2023; 107:879-885. [PMID: 36044366 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-22-1716-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat production. Pyramiding of adult-plant resistance (APR) genes is a promising strategy to increase durability of resistance. The stripe rust resistance (R) genes Yr18, Yr28, and Yr36 encode different protein families which confer partial resistance to a broad array of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races. Here, we developed BC3F5 wheat lines representing all possible combinations of Yr18, Yr28, and Yr36 in a genetic background of the highly P. striiformis f. sp. tritici-susceptible wheat line SY95-71 that is widely used in stripe rust analysis. These lines enabled us to accurately evaluate these genes singly and in combination in a common genetic background. The adult plant resistance experiments were analyzed in the field, where stripe rust epidemics occurred frequently. The field results indicated that these partial R genes act additively in enhancing the levels of resistance, and a minimum of two-gene combinations can generate adequate stripe rust resistance. The Yr28 + Yr36 and Yr18 + Yr28 + Yr36 combinations also showed adequate resistance at the seedling stage, implying that APR gene pyramiding can achieve all-stage resistance. Meanwhile, the three genes were simultaneously introduced into elite wheat lines through gene-based marker selection. Elite lines exhibited strong all-stage resistance to stripe rust. This work provides valuable insights and resources for developing durable P. striiformis f. sp. tritici-resistant varieties and for elucidating the regulation mechanism of partial R gene pyramiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Minghu Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Meijuan Gan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunzong Ning
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bihua Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
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Gou M, Balint-Kurti P, Xu M, Yang Q. Quantitative disease resistance: Multifaceted players in plant defense. J Integr Plant Biol 2023; 65:594-610. [PMID: 36448658 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to large-effect qualitative disease resistance, quantitative disease resistance (QDR) exhibits partial and generally durable resistance and has been extensively utilized in crop breeding. The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain largely unknown but considerable progress has been made in this area in recent years. In this review, we summarize the genes that have been associated with plant QDR and their biological functions. Many QDR genes belong to the canonical resistance gene categories with predicted functions in pathogen perception, signal transduction, phytohormone homeostasis, metabolite transport and biosynthesis, and epigenetic regulation. However, other "atypical" QDR genes are predicted to be involved in processes that are not commonly associated with disease resistance, such as vesicle trafficking, molecular chaperones, and others. This diversity of function for QDR genes contrasts with qualitative resistance, which is often based on the actions of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) resistance proteins. An understanding of the diversity of QDR mechanisms and of which mechanisms are effective against which classes of pathogens will enable the more effective deployment of QDR to produce more durably resistant, resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mingliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Mohapatra S, Barik SR, Dash PK, Lenka D, Pradhan KC, Raj K. R R, Mohanty SP, Mohanty MR, Sahoo A, Jena BK, Panda AK, Panigrahi D, Dash SK, Meher J, Sahoo CR, Mukherjee AK, Das L, Behera L, Pradhan SK. Molecular Breeding for Incorporation of Submergence Tolerance and Durable Bacterial Blight Resistance into the Popular Rice Variety 'Ranidhan'. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020198. [PMID: 36830568 PMCID: PMC9953461 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ranidhan is a popular late-maturing rice variety of Odisha state, India. The farmers of the state suffer heavy loss in years with flash floods as the variety is sensitive to submergence. Bacterial blight (BB) disease is a major yield-limiting factor, and the variety is susceptible to the disease. BB resistance genes Xa21, xa13, and xa5, along with the Sub1 QTL, for submergence stress tolerance were transferred into the variety using marker-assisted backcross breeding approach. Foreground selection using direct and closely linked markers detected the progenies carrying all four target genes in the BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC3F1 generations, and the positive progenies carrying these genes with maximum similarity to the recipient parent, Ranidhan, were backcrossed into each segregating generation. Foreground selection in the BC1F1 generation progenies detected all target genes in 11 progenies. The progeny carrying all target genes and similar to the recipient parent in terms of phenotype was backcrossed, and a total of 321 BC2F1 seeds were produced. Ten progenies carried all target genes/QTL in the BC2F1 generation. Screening of the BC3F1 progenies using markers detected 12 plants carrying the target genes. A total of 1270 BC3F2 seeds were obtained from the best BC3F1 progeny. Foreground selection in the BC3F2 progenies detected four plants carrying the target genes in the homozygous condition. The bioassay of the pyramided lines conferred very high levels of resistance to the predominant isolates of bacterial blight pathogen. These BB pyramided lines were submergence-tolerant and similar to Ranidhan in 13 agro-morphologic and grain quality traits; hence, they are likely to be adopted by farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
- Environmental Science Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | | | - Prasanta K. Dash
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Devidutta Lenka
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Kartika Chandra Pradhan
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Reshmi Raj K. R
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | | | | | - Ambika Sahoo
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | | | - Alok Kumar Panda
- Environmental Science Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Debabrata Panigrahi
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | | | | | - Chitta Ranjan Sahoo
- College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | | | - Lipi Das
- ICAR-Central Institute for Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi 110001, India
- Correspondence:
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Saavedra LM, Caixeta ET, Barka GD, Borém A, Zambolim L, Nascimento M, Cruz CD, de Oliveira ACB, Pereira AA. Marker-Assisted Recurrent Selection for Pyramiding Leaf Rust and Coffee Berry Disease Resistance Alleles in Coffea arabica L. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:189. [PMID: 36672930 PMCID: PMC9858729 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, marker-assisted recurrent selection was evaluated for pyramiding resistance gene alleles against coffee leaf rust (CLR) and coffee berry diseases (CBD) in Coffea arabica. A total of 144 genotypes corresponding to 12 hybrid populations from crosses between eight parent plants with desired morphological and agronomic traits were evaluated. Molecular data were used for cross-certification, diversity study and resistance allele marker-assisted selection (MAS) against the causal agent of coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae). In addition, nine morphological and agronomic traits were evaluated to determine the components of variance, select superior hybrids, and estimate genetic gain. From the genotypes evaluated, 134 were confirmed as hybrids. The genetic diversity between and within populations was 75.5% and 24.5%, respectively, and the cluster analysis revealed three primary groups. Pyramiding of CLR and CBD resistance genes was conducted in 11 genotypes using MAS. A selection intensity of 30% resulted in a gain of over 50% compared to the original population. Selected hybrids with increased gain also showed greater genetic divergence in addition to the pyramided resistance alleles. The strategies used were, therefore, efficient to select superior coffee hybrids for recurrent selection programs and could be used as a source of resistance in various crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maritza Saavedra
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Eveline Teixeira Caixeta
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Coffee, Brasília 70770-901, DF, Brazil
| | - Geleta Dugassa Barka
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Aluízio Borém
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Laércio Zambolim
- Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária-Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Moysés Nascimento
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Cosme Damião Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Baião de Oliveira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Embrapa Coffee, Brasília 70770-901, DF, Brazil
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais-Epamig, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alves Pereira
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais-Epamig, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
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Chen YC, Hu CC, Chang FY, Chen CY, Chen WL, Tung CW, Shen WC, Wu CW, Cheng AH, Liao DJ, Liao CY, Liu LYD, Chung CL. Marker-Assisted Development and Evaluation of Monogenic Lines of Rice cv. Kaohsiung 145 Carrying Blast Resistance Genes. Plant Dis 2021; 105:3858-3868. [PMID: 34181437 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-21-0142-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast is a serious threat to global rice production. Large-scale and long-term cultivation of rice varieties with a single blast resistance gene usually leads to breakdown of resistance. To effectively control rice blast in Taiwan, marker-assisted backcrossing was conducted to develop monogenic lines carrying different blast resistance genes in the genetic background of an elite japonica rice cultivar, Kaohsiung 145 (KH145). Eleven International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-bred blast-resistant lines (IRBLs) showing broad-spectrum resistance to local Pyricularia oryzae isolates were used as resistance donors. Sequencing analysis revealed that the recurrent parent, KH145, does not carry known resistance alleles at the target Pi2/9, Pik, Pita, and Ptr loci. For each IRBL × KH145 cross, we screened 21 to 370 (average of 108) plants per generation from the BC1F1 to BC3F1/BC4F1 generation. A total of 1,499 BC3F2/BC4F2 lines carrying homozygous resistance alleles were selected and self-crossed for four to six successive generations. The derived lines were also evaluated for background genotype using genotyping by sequencing, for blast resistance under artificial inoculation and natural infection conditions, and for agronomic performance in multiple field trials. In Chiayi and Taitung blast nurseries in 2018 to 2020, Pi2, Pi9, and Ptr conferred high resistance, Pi20 and Pik-h moderate resistance, and Pi1, Pi7, Pik-p, and Pik susceptibility to leaf blast; only Pi2, Pi9, and Ptr conferred effective resistance against panicle blast. The monogenic lines showed agronomic traits, yield, and grain quality similar to those of KH145, suggesting the potential of growing a mixture of lines to achieve durable resistance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Hu
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 26, Dehe Rd., Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Chang
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 26, Dehe Rd., Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yi Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiang Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Wu
- Kaohsiung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 26, Dehe Rd., Pingtung County 90846, Taiwan
| | - An-Hsiu Cheng
- Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, No. 70, Muchang Rd., Hsinhua District, Council of Agriculture, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Jing Liao
- Department of Agronomy, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Branch, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 2, Minquan Rd., Chiayi City 600015, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Liao
- Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, No. 675, Chunghua Rd., Sec. 1, Taitung City 95055, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu D Liu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Chitwood-Brown J, Vallad GE, Lee TG, Hutton SF. Breeding for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt of Tomato: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1673. [PMID: 34828278 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For over a century, breeders have worked to develop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars with resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fol) caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Host resistance is the most effective strategy for the management of this disease. For each of the three Fol races, resistance has been introgressed from wild tomato species, predominately in the form of R genes. The I, I-2, I-3, and I-7 R genes have each been identified, as well as the corresponding Avr effectors in the fungus with the exception of Avr7. The mechanisms by which the R gene protein products recognize these effectors, however, has not been elucidated. Extensive genetic mapping, gene cloning, and genome sequencing efforts support the development of tightly-linked molecular markers, which greatly expedite tomato breeding and the development of elite, Fol resistant cultivars. These resources also provide important tools for pyramiding resistance genes and should support the durability of host resistance.
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Abdullaev RA, Lebedeva TV, Alpatieva NV, Batasheva BA, Anisimova IN, Radchenko EE. Powdery mildew resistance of barley accessions from Dagestan. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 25:528-533. [PMID: 34595375 PMCID: PMC8453370 DOI: 10.18699/vj21.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Powdery mildew caused by the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal is one of the most common diseases of barley. Growing resistant varieties can signif icantly minimize harmful effects of the pathogen. The specif icity in the interaction between the fungus and its host plant requires a continuous search for new donors of the resistance trait. The powdery mildew resistance of 264 barley accessions from Dagestan and genetic control of the trait in resistant forms were studied under f ield and laboratory conditions. Forty-seven barley lines carrying previously identif ied powdery mildew resistance genes were also examined. During three years, the experimental material was evaluated under severe infection pressure at the Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR (North Caucasus, Derbent). Juvenile resistance against the Northwest (St. Petersburg, Pushkin) pathogen population was evaluated in a climatic chamber. The genetic control of B. graminis resistance in the selected accessions was studied with the application of hybridological and molecular analyses. The level of genetic diversity of Dagestan barley for effective resistance to powdery mildew is very low. Only two accessions, VIR-23787 and VIR-28212, are resistant against B. graminis at both seedling and adult plant stages. The high-level resistance of breeding line VIR-28212 originating from barley landrace VIR-17554 (Ep-80 Abyssinien) from Ethiopia is controlled by the recessive gene mlo11. Accession VIR-17554 is heterogeneous for the studied trait, with the powdery mildew resistant genotypes belonging to two varieties, dupliatrum (an awnless phenotype) and nigrinudum (an awned phenotype). In accession VIR-23787, a recessive resistance gene distinct from the mlo11 allele was identif ied. This accession is supposed to be protected by a new, effective pathogen resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Abdullaev
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Lebedeva
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N V Alpatieva
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - B A Batasheva
- Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Vavilovo Village, Derbent, Dagestan, Russia
| | - I N Anisimova
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E E Radchenko
- Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Shi L, Dong M, Lian L, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Kong W, Qiu L, Liu D, Xie Z, Zhan Z, Jiang Z. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals a New Quantitative Trait Locus in Rice Related to Resistance to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Insects 2021; 12:insects12090836. [PMID: 34564276 PMCID: PMC8469741 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH) is one of the main rice pests in Asian areas. The development of rice varieties harboring resistance genes is the most economical and effective method of managing BPH. In this study, 123 rice germplasms were identified for resistance and durable resistance by using the rice planthopper resistance identification system. Forty-two of the 123 rice varieties were classified as resistant to brown planthopper, and among them, twelve rice varieties had a long, durable resistance period. One potential durable resistance to brown planthopper locus on chromosome 2 was found by a genome-wide association study (GWAS). There are 13 candidate genes at this locus, and several of them are related to disease and pest resistance. Our study found a potential durable resistance locus to BPH, which has guiding significance for subsequent resistance breeding. Abstract The brown planthopper (BPH) is one of the main pests endangering rice yields. The development of rice varieties harboring resistance genes is the most economical and effective method of managing BPH. To identify new BPH resistance-related genes, a total of 123 rice varieties were assessed for resistance and durable resistance. Three varieties were immune, and nine were highly resistant to BPH. After whole-genome resequencing of all 123 varieties, 1,897,845 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay analysis showed that the average LD of the SNPs at 20 kb was 0.30 (r2) and attenuated to half value (~0.30) at a distance of about 233 kb. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of durable resistance to BPH was conducted using the Fast-MLM model. One quantitative trait locus, identified on chromosome 2, included 13 candidate genes. Two candidate genes contained a leucine-rich repeat and CC-NBS-LRR or NB-ARC domains, which might confer resistance to pests or diseases. Interestingly, LOC_Os02g27540 was highly expressed and was induced by BPH; GWAS identified potential rice genes coding for durable resistance to BPH. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of durable resistance to BPH in rice and provides essential genetic information for breeding and functional verification of resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Shi
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Meng Dong
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Ling Lian
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Junian Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Weilong Kong
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China;
| | - Liangmiao Qiu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China;
| | - Dawei Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhixiong Zhan
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhaowei Jiang
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Cangshan, Fuzhou 350018, China; (L.S.); (M.D.); (L.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.X.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Z.J.)
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12
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Long L, Yao F, Guan F, Cheng Y, Duan L, Zhao X, Li H, Pu Z, Li W, Jiang Q, Wei Y, Ma J, Kang H, Dai S, Qi P, Xu Q, Deng M, Zheng Y, Jiang Y, Chen G. A Stable Quantitative Trait Locus on Chromosome 5BL Combined with Yr18 Conferring High-Level Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Chinese Wheat Landrace Anyuehong. Phytopathology 2021; 111:1594-1601. [PMID: 33599530 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-20-0465-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chinese wheat landrace Anyuehong (AYH) has displayed high levels of stable adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust for >15 years. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for stripe rust resistance in AYH, a set of 110 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between AYH and susceptible cultivar Taichung 29. The parents and RILs were evaluated for final disease severity (FDS) in six field tests with a mixture of predominant Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races at the adult plant stage and genotyped via the wheat 55K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to construct a genetic map with 1,143 SNP markers. Three QTLs, designated as QYr.AYH-1AS, QYr.AYH-5BL, and QYr.AYH-7DS, were mapped on chromosome 1AS, 5BL, and 7DS, respectively. RILs combining three QTLs showed significantly lower FDS compared with the lines in other combinations. Of them, QYr.AYH-5BL and QYr.AYH-7DS were stably detected in all environments, explaining 13.6 to 21.4% and 17.6 to 33.6% of phenotypic variation, respectively. Compared with previous studies, QYr.AYH-5BL may be a new QTL, whereas QYr.AYH-7DS may be Yr18. Haplotype analysis revealed that QYr.AYH-5BL is probably present in 6.2% of the 323 surveyed Chinese wheat landraces. The kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers for QYr.AYH-5BL were developed by the linked SNP markers to successfully confirm the effects of the QTL in a validation population derived from a residual heterozygous line and were further assessed in 38 Chinese wheat landraces and 92 cultivars. Our results indicated that QYr.AYH-5BL with linked KASP markers has potential value for marker-assisted selection to improve stripe rust resistance in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Long
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Fangjie Yao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Fangnian Guan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yukun Cheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Duan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Shoufen Dai
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
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13
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Abstract
Disease-resistance (R) gene cloning in wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources, facilitated by advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. However, with the challenges of population growth and climate change, it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes, but also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the breeding and deployment of crops that can recognize the wide range of pathogen effectors that threaten agroecosystems. Pathogen populations are continually changing, and breeders must have tools and resources available to rapidly respond to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily bread. To meet this challenge, we propose the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas by an international community of researchers and breeders. The atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could be identified and deployed to achieve more durable resistance to the major wheat pathogens, such as wheat rusts, blotch diseases, powdery mildew, and wheat blast. We present a costed proposal detailing how the interacting molecular components governing disease resistance could be captured from both the host and the pathogen through biparental mapping, mutational genomics, and whole-genome association genetics. We explore options for the configuration and genotyping of diversity panels of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat, as well as their wild relatives and major pathogens, and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic, durable approach to R-gene deployment. Set against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide, recently estimated at 21%, this endeavor presents one route for bringing R genes from the lab to the field at a considerable speed and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanu Arora
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - David Gilbert
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert L Bowden
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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14
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Hafeez AN, Arora S, Ghosh S, Gilbert D, Bowden RL, Wulff BBH. Creation and judicious application of a wheat resistance gene atlas. Mol Plant 2021; 14:1053-1070. [PMID: 33991673 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Disease-resistance (R) gene cloning in wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources, facilitated by advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. However, with the challenges of population growth and climate change, it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes, but also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the breeding and deployment of crops that can recognize the wide range of pathogen effectors that threaten agroecosystems. Pathogen populations are continually changing, and breeders must have tools and resources available to rapidly respond to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily bread. To meet this challenge, we propose the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas by an international community of researchers and breeders. The atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could be identified and deployed to achieve more durable resistance to the major wheat pathogens, such as wheat rusts, blotch diseases, powdery mildew, and wheat blast. We present a costed proposal detailing how the interacting molecular components governing disease resistance could be captured from both the host and the pathogen through biparental mapping, mutational genomics, and whole-genome association genetics. We explore options for the configuration and genotyping of diversity panels of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat, as well as their wild relatives and major pathogens, and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic, durable approach to R-gene deployment. Set against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide, recently estimated at 21%, this endeavor presents one route for bringing R genes from the lab to the field at a considerable speed and quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanu Arora
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - David Gilbert
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert L Bowden
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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15
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Yao F, Long L, Li J, Li H, Pu Z, Li W, Jiang Q, Wang J, Wei Y, Ma J, Kang H, Qi P, Dai S, Deng M, Zheng Y, Jiang Y, Chen G. Molecular Mapping of a Novel Quantitative Trait Locus Conferring Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Chinese Wheat Landrace Guangtoumai. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1919-1925. [PMID: 32990521 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-20-1544-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. Chinese wheat landrace Guangtoumai (GTM) exhibited a high level of resistance against predominant P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races in China at the adult plant stage. The objective of this research was to identify and map the major locus/loci for stripe rust resistance in GTM. A set of 212 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross between GTM and Avocet S. The parents and RILs were evaluated in three field tests (2018, 2019, and 2020 at Chongzhou, Sichuan) with the currently predominant P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races for final disease severity and genotyped with the Wheat 55K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to construct a genetic map with 1,031 SNP markers. A major locus, named QYr.GTM-5DL, was detected on chromosome 5DL in GTM. The locus was mapped in a 2.75-cM interval flanked by SNP markers AX-109855976 and AX-109453419, explaining up to 44.4% of the total phenotypic variation. Since no known Yr genes have been reported on chromosome 5DL, QYr.GTM-5DL is very likely a novel adult plant resistance locus. Haplotype analysis revealed that the resistance allele displayed enhanced levels of stripe rust resistance and is likely present in 5.3% of the 247 surveyed Chinese wheat landraces. The derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (dCAPS) marker dCAPS-5722, converted from a SNP marker tightly linked to QYr.GTM-5DL with 0.3 cM, was validated on a subset of RILs and 48 commercial wheat cultivars developed in Sichuan. The results indicated that QYr.GTM-5DL with its linked dCAPS marker could be used in marker-assisted selection to improve stripe rust resistance in breeding programs, and this quantitative trait locus will provide new and possibly durable resistance to stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Fangjie Yao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Li Long
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jirui Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Shoufen Dai
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Mei Deng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploitation and Utilization in Southwest China, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
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16
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Odongo PJ, Onaga G, Ricardo O, Natsuaki KT, Alicai T, Geuten K. Insights Into Natural Genetic Resistance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus and Implications on Breeding for Durable Resistance. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:671355. [PMID: 34267770 PMCID: PMC8276079 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the main food crop for people in low- and lower-middle-income countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Since 1982, there has been a significant increase in the demand for rice in SSA, and its growing importance is reflected in the national strategic food security plans of several countries in the region. However, several abiotic and biotic factors undermine efforts to meet this demand. Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) caused by Solemoviridae is a major biotic factor affecting rice production and continues to be an important pathogen in SSA. To date, six pathogenic strains have been reported. RYMV infects rice plants through wounds and rice feeding vectors. Once inside the plant cells, viral genome-linked protein is required to bind to the rice translation initiation factor [eIF(iso)4G1] for a compatible interaction. The development of resistant cultivars that can interrupt this interaction is the most effective method to manage this disease. Three resistance genes are recognized to limit RYMV virulence in rice, some of which have nonsynonymous single mutations or short deletions in the core domain of eIF(iso)4G1 that impair viral host interaction. However, deployment of these resistance genes using conventional methods has proved slow and tedious. Molecular approaches are expected to be an alternative to facilitate gene introgression and/or pyramiding and rapid deployment of these resistance genes into elite cultivars. In this review, we summarize the knowledge on molecular genetics of RYMV-rice interaction, with emphasis on host plant resistance. In addition, we provide strategies for sustainable utilization of the novel resistant sources. This knowledge is expected to guide breeding programs in the development and deployment of RYMV resistant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Odongo
- Molecular Biotechnology of Plants and Micro-Organisms, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Onaga
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda
- M’bé Research Station, Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Oliver Ricardo
- Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Keiko T. Natsuaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Titus Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Koen Geuten
- Molecular Biotechnology of Plants and Micro-Organisms, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Chen X, Liu P, Mei L, He X, Chen L, Liu H, Shen S, Ji Z, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Zeng D, Qian Q, Ma B. Xa7, a new executor R gene that confers durable and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial blight disease in rice. Plant Commun 2021; 2:100143. [PMID: 34027390 PMCID: PMC8132130 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight (BB) is a globally devastating rice disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The use of disease resistance (R) genes in rice breeding is an effective and economical strategy for the control of this disease. Nevertheless, a majority of R genes lack durable resistance for long-term use under global warming conditions. Here, we report the isolation of a novel executor R gene, Xa7, that confers extremely durable, broad-spectrum, and heat-tolerant resistance to Xoo. The expression of Xa7 was induced by incompatible Xoo strains that secreted the transcription activator-like effector (TALE) AvrXa7 or PthXo3, which recognized effector binding elements (EBEs) in the Xa7 promoter. Furthermore, Xa7 induction was faster and stronger under high temperatures. Overexpression of Xa7 or co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response in plants. Constitutive expression of Xa7 activated a defense response in the absence of Xoo but inhibited the growth of transgenic rice plants. In addition, analysis of over 3000 rice varieties showed that the Xa7 locus was found primarily in the indica and aus subgroups. A variation consisting of an 11-bp insertion and a base substitution (G to T) was found in EBEAvrXa7 in the tested varieties, resulting in a loss of Xa7 BB resistance. Through a decade of effort, we have identified an important BB resistance gene and characterized its distinctive interaction with Xoo strains; these findings will greatly facilitate research on the molecular mechanism of Xa7-mediated resistance and promote the use of this valuable gene in breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Le Mei
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiaoling He
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shurong Shen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhandong Ji
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xixi Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qian Qian
- China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Bojun Ma
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Corresponding author
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18
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Lv X, Yuan M, Pei Y, Liu C, Wang X, Wu L, Cheng D, Ma X, Sun X. The Enhancement of Antiviral Activity of Chloroinconazide by Aglinate-based Nanogel and Its Plant Growth Promotion Effect. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:4992-5002. [PMID: 33904309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improving the efficiency and prolonging the duration of pesticides are of great significance in agricultural production. In this work, based on the antiviral compound chloroinconazide (CHI) synthesized previously, the improvement of the fabricated CHI-loaded alginate-based nanogel (CHI@ALGNP) was studied. It was found that CHI@ALGNP showed higher foliar adhesion than CHI and exhibited a sustained release for up to 7 days. CHI@ALGNP could also continuously activate the reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels and induce the increase of salicylic acid content and the expression of its responsive gene PR2 for a long time, thus achieving sustained resistance to tobacco mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Strikingly, CHI@ALGNP could release Ca2+ and Mg2+ to promote the growth of N. benthamiana. Taken together, for the first time, we have shown the improvement of a nanogel carrier to the antiviral activity and growth promotion of small molecular pesticides. As the alginate-based nanogel can be easily applied to the spray-based pesticide delivery technology, our study provides a new strategy for the development of new pesticide preparations and the application of multifunctional pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuehong Pei
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changyun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiangchuan Wang
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. LED, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Lei Wu
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. LED, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Daoquan Cheng
- National Center for Enterprise Technology of Jingbo Agrochemicals Technology Co. LED, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Udagawa H, Koga K, Shinjo A, Kitashiba H, Takakura Y. Loss-of-function of Nicotiana tabacum L. eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4E1-S and eIF(iso)4E-T synergistically confers high-level resistance to both Potato virus Y (PVY) and resistance-breaking PVY. Breed Sci 2021; 71:193-200. [PMID: 34377067 PMCID: PMC8329879 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant eukaryotic translation-initiation factors eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E play key roles in infection by plant RNA viruses, especially potyviruses. Mutations in the genes that encode these factors reduce susceptibility to the viruses. In the amphidiploid plant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), eIF4E1-S deletion mutants resist Potato virus Y (PVY), but resistance-breaking strains (RB-PVY) have appeared. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that the loss-of-function of eIF(iso)4E-T reduces susceptibility to RB-PVY. Here, we show that simultaneous inhibition of eIF4E1-S and eIF(iso)4E-T synergistically confers enhanced resistance to both PVY and RB-PVY without host growth or development defects. PVY symptoms and accumulation in a tobacco line lacking eIF4E1-S were detected at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) and RB-PVY symptoms in lines without functional eIF(iso)4E-T were observed at 24 dpi. RB-PVY emerged in a PVY-infected tobacco line lacking eIF4E1-S. In contrast, lines without functional eIF4E1-S and eIF(iso)4E-T were nearly immune to PVY and RB-PVY, and little accumulation of either virus was detected even at 56 dpi. Thus, the lines will be promising for PVY-resistance breeding. This study provides a novel strategy to develop tobacco highly resistant to PVY and RB-PVY, and insights into the mechanisms responsible for high-level resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Udagawa
- Leaf Tobacco Research Center, Japan Tobacco, Inc., 1900 Idei, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0808, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Koga
- Leaf Tobacco Research Center, Japan Tobacco, Inc., 1900 Idei, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0808, Japan
| | - Akira Shinjo
- Leaf Tobacco Research Center, Japan Tobacco, Inc., 1900 Idei, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0808, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kitashiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Takakura
- Leaf Tobacco Research Center, Japan Tobacco, Inc., 1900 Idei, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0808, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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20
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Watkinson-Powell B, Gilligan CA, Cunniffe NJ. When Does Spatial Diversification Usefully Maximize the Durability of Crop Disease Resistance? Phytopathology 2020; 110:1808-1820. [PMID: 32500812 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-19-0261-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the durability of crop disease resistance genes in the face of pathogen evolution is a major challenge in modern agricultural epidemiology. Spatial diversification in the deployment of resistance genes, where susceptible and resistant fields are more closely intermixed, is predicted to drive lower epidemic intensities over evolutionary timescales. This is due to an increase in the strength of dilution effects, caused by pathogen inoculum challenging host tissue to which it is not well-specialized. The factors that interact with and determine the magnitude of this spatial suppressive effect are not currently well understood, however, leading to uncertainty over the pathosystems where such a strategy is most likely to be cost-effective. We model the effect on landscape scale disease dynamics of spatial heterogeneity in the arrangement of fields planted with either susceptible or resistant cultivars, and the way in which this effect depends on the parameters governing the pathosystem of interest. Our multiseason semidiscrete epidemiological model tracks spatial spread of wild-type and resistance-breaking pathogen strains, and incorporates a localized reservoir of inoculum, as well as the effects of within and between field transmission. The pathogen dispersal characteristics, any fitness cost(s) of the resistance-breaking trait, the efficacy of host resistance, and the length of the timeframe of interest all influence the strength of the spatial diversification effect. A key result is that spatial diversification has the strongest beneficial effect at intermediate fitness costs of the resistance-breaking trait, an effect driven by a complex set of nonlinear interactions. On the other hand, however, if the resistance-breaking strain is not fit enough to invade the landscape, then a partially effective resistance gene can result in spatial diversification actually worsening the epidemic. These results allow us to make general predictions of the types of system for which spatial diversification is most likely to be cost-effective, paving the way for potential economic modeling and pathosystem specific evaluation. These results highlight the importance of studying the effect of genetics on landscape scale spatial dynamics within host-pathogen disease systems.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Watkinson-Powell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Gilligan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Nik J Cunniffe
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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21
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Patocchi A, Wehrli A, Dubuis PH, Auwerkerken A, Leida C, Cipriani G, Passey T, Staples M, Didelot F, Philion V, Peil A, Laszakovits H, Rühmer T, Boeck K, Baniulis D, Strasser K, Vávra R, Guerra W, Masny S, Ruess F, Le Berre F, Nybom H, Tartarini S, Spornberger A, Pikunova A, Bus VGM. Ten Years of VINQUEST: First Insight for Breeding New Apple Cultivars With Durable Apple Scab Resistance. Plant Dis 2020; 104:2074-2081. [PMID: 32525450 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2473-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is a major fungal disease worldwide. Cultivation of scab-resistant cultivars would reduce the chemical footprint of apple production. However, new apple cultivars carrying durable resistances should be developed to prevent or at least slow the breakdown of resistance against races of V. inaequalis. One way to achieve durable resistance is to pyramid multiple scab resistance genes in a cultivar. The choice of the resistance genes to be combined in the pyramids should take into account the frequency of resistance breakdown and the geographical distribution of apple scab isolates able to cause such breakdowns. In order to acquire this information and to make it available to apple breeders, the VINQUEST project (www.vinquest.ch) was initiated in 2009. Ten years after launching this project, 24 partners from 14 countries regularly contribute data. From 2009 to 2018, nearly 9,000 data points have been collected. This information has been used to identify the most promising apple scab resistance genes for developing cultivars with durable resistance, which to date are: Rvi5, Rvi11, Rvi12, Rvi14, and Rvi15. As expected, Rvi1, together with Rvi3 and Rvi8, were often overcome, and have little value for scab resistance breeding. Rvi10 may also belong to this group. On the other hand, Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi7, Rvi9, and Rvi13 are still useful for breeding, but their use is recommended only in extended pyramids of ≥3 resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Wehrli
- Agroscope, Breeding Research, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carmen Leida
- Consorzio Italiano Vivaisti CIV, 44022 San Giuseppe di Comacchio, Italy
| | - Guido Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Tom Passey
- NIAB EMR, East Malling, West Malling ME19 6BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Staples
- Höhere Bundeslehranstalt und Bundesamt für Wein- und Obstbau Klosterneuburg, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Frédérique Didelot
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Vincent Philion
- Institut de Recherche et de Développement en Agroenvironnement, Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville, QC J3V 0G7, Canada
| | - Andreas Peil
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Züchtungsforschung an Obst, 01326 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Rühmer
- Versuchsstation Obst- und Weinbau Haidegg, 8047 Graz, Austria
| | - Klemens Boeck
- Landwirtschaftskammer Tirol, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Danas Baniulis
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania
| | | | - Radek Vávra
- Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology, Holovousy 129, 508 01 Horice, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Guerra
- Laimburg Research Centre, Laimburg 6, 39040 Ora, Italy
| | | | - Franz Ruess
- Staatliche Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt für Wein und Obstbau Weinsberg, 74189 Weinsberg, Germany
| | - Fanny Le Berre
- Station d'études et d'expérimentations fruitières de La Morinière, La Morinière, 37800 Saint Epain, France
| | - Hilde Nybom
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Balsgård, 29194 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Stefano Tartarini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pikunova
- VNIISPK - Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, 302530 Zilina, Russia
| | - Vincent G M Bus
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 4157 Havelock North, New Zealand
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22
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Zhang J, Zhang P, Dodds P, Lagudah E. How Target-Sequence Enrichment and Sequencing (TEnSeq) Pipelines Have Catalyzed Resistance Gene Cloning in the Wheat-Rust Pathosystem. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:678. [PMID: 32528511 PMCID: PMC7264398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The wheat-rust pathosystem has been well-studied among host-pathogen interactions since last century due to its economic importance. Intensified efforts toward cloning of wheat rust resistance genes commenced in the late 1990s with the first successful isolation published in 2003. Currently, a total of 24 genes have been cloned from wheat that provides resistance to stem rust, leaf rust, and stripe rust. Among them, more than half (15) were cloned over the last 4 years. This rapid cloning of resistance genes from wheat can be largely credited to the development of approaches for reducing the genome complexity as 10 out of the 15 genes cloned recently were achieved by approaches that are summarized as TEnSeq (Target-sequence Enrichment and Sequencing) pipelines in this review. The growing repertoire of cloned rust resistance genes provides new tools to support deployment strategies aimed at achieving durable resistance. This will be supported by the identification of genetic variation in corresponding Avr genes from rust pathogens, which has recently begun. Although developed with wheat resistance genes as the primary targets, TEnSeq approaches are also applicable to other classes of genes as well as for other crops with complex genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Dodds
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Evans Lagudah
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Figlan S, Ntushelo K, Mwadzingeni L, Terefe T, Tsilo TJ, Shimelis H. Breeding Wheat for Durable Leaf Rust Resistance in Southern Africa: Variability, Distribution, Current Control Strategies, Challenges and Future Prospects. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:549. [PMID: 32499800 PMCID: PMC7242648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Leaf or brown rust of wheat caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is one of the most damaging diseases globally. Considerable progress has been made to control leaf rust through crop protection chemicals and host plant resistance breeding in southern Africa. However, frequent changes in the pathogen population still present a major challenge to achieve durable resistance. Disease surveillance and monitoring of the pathogen have revealed the occurrence of similar races across the region, justifying the need for concerted efforts by countries in southern Africa to develop and deploy more efficient and sustainable strategies to manage the disease. Understanding the genetic variability and composition of Pt is a pre-requisite for cultivar release with appropriate resistance gene combinations for sustainable disease management. This review highlights the variability and distribution of the Pt population, and the current control strategies, challenges and future prospects of breeding wheat varieties with durable leaf rust resistance in southern Africa. The importance of regular, collaborative and efficient surveillance of the pathogen and germplasm development across southern Africa is discussed, coupled with the potential of using modern breeding technologies to produce wheat cultivars with durable resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandiswa Figlan
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Khayalethu Ntushelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Learnmore Mwadzingeni
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa
| | - Tarekegn Terefe
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa
| | - Toi J. Tsilo
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem, South Africa
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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24
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Abstract
Plant diseases reduce crop yields and threaten global food security, making the selection of disease-resistant cultivars a major goal of crop breeding. Broad-spectrum resistance (BSR) is a desirable trait because it confers resistance against more than one pathogen species or against the majority of races or strains of the same pathogen. Many BSR genes have been cloned in plants and have been found to encode pattern recognition receptors, nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptors, and defense-signaling and pathogenesis-related proteins. In addition, the BSR genes that underlie quantitative trait loci, loss of susceptibility and nonhost resistance have been characterized. Here, we comprehensively review the advances made in the identification and characterization of BSR genes in various species and examine their application in crop breeding. We also discuss the challenges and their solutions for the use of BSR genes in the breeding of disease-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
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25
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Hayano-Saito Y, Hayashi K. Stvb-i, a Rice Gene Conferring Durable Resistance to Rice stripe virus, Protects Plant Growth From Heat Stress. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:519. [PMID: 32457773 PMCID: PMC7225774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Disease resistance is affected by temperature. A rice gene, Stvb-i, is known to have conferred sustained resistance to Rice stripe virus (RSV) despite global warming. Stvb-i protects plants from growth stunting caused by RSV. The underlying resistance mechanism is unclear. Here, Stvb-i showed stable RSV resistance for 20 years in laboratory experiments. This gene encodes a protein distinct from well-studied plant disease-resistance proteins. It has a domain homologous to the histidine kinase/heat-shock protein 90-like ATPase superfamily. Rice has three paralogous genes including Stvb-i. The genes are expressed mainly in meristematic tissues. In the initial period after viral inoculation, RSV multiplication enhanced Stvb-i, whereas Stvb-i suppressed RSV multiplication. Stvb-i silencing inhibited plant growth regardless of viral infection, and silencing of the other paralogous gene that located closely to Stvb-i caused morphological abnormalities. The results suggested that the Stvb-i and its paralogs are related to plant development; especially, Stvb-i supports meristem growth, resulting in plant growth stabilizing. Growth stunting in the Stvb-i-silenced plants was more severe under repetitive heat stress, suggesting that Stvb-i contributed to the attenuation of heat damage in plant development. The symptoms of RSV infection (chlorosis, wilting, stunting, fewer tillers, and defective panicles) were similar to those of heat damage, suggesting that RSV multiplication induces heat-like stress in meristematic cells. Our findings suggest that the mechanism of meristem growth protection conferred by Stvb-i allows plants to withstand both heat stress and RSV multiplication. The suppression of RSV multiplication by the Stvb-i function in meristems results in durable resistance.
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26
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Rosa SB, Zanella CM, Hiebert CW, Brûlé-Babel AL, Randhawa HS, Shorter S, Boyd LA, McCallum BD. Genetic Characterization of Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance in the Brazilian Wheat Cultivar Toropi. Phytopathology 2019; 109:1760-1768. [PMID: 31282829 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-19-0159-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf and stripe rust are major threats to wheat production worldwide. The effective, multiple rust resistances present in the Brazilian cultivar Toropi makes it an excellent choice for a genetic study of rust resistance. Testing of DNA from different seed lots of Toropi with 2,194 polymorphic 90K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism markers identified significant genetic divergence, with as much as 35% dissimilarity between seed lots. As a result, further work was conducted with a single plant line derived from Toropi variant Toropi-6.4. A double haploid population with 168 lines derived from the cross Toropi-6.4 × Thatcher was phenotyped over multiple years and locations in Canada, New Zealand, and Kenya, with a total of seven field trials undertaken for leaf rust and nine for stripe rust. Genotyping with the 90K iSelect array, simple sequence repeat and Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction markers resulted in a genetic map of 3,043 cM, containing 1,208 nonredundant markers. Significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) derived from Toropi-6.4 were identified in multiple environments on chromosomes 1B (QLr.crc-1BL/QYr.crc-1BL), 3B (QLr.crc-3BS), 4B (QYr.crc-4BL), 5A (QLr.crc-5AL and QYr.crc-5AL), and 5D (QLr.crc-5DS). The QTL QLr.crc-1BL/QYr.crc-1BL colocated with the multi-rust resistance locus Lr46/Yr29, while the QTL QLr.crc-5DS located to the Lr78 locus previously found in a wheat backcross population derived from Toropi. Comparisons of QTL combinations showed QLr.crc-1BL to contribute a significantly enhanced leaf rust resistance when combined with QLr.crc-5AL or QLr.crc-5DS, more so than when QLr.crc-5AL and QLr.crc-5DS were combined. A strong additive effect was also seen when the stripe rust resistance QTL QYr.crc-1BL and QYr.crc-5AL were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia B Rosa
- CÉROM, Centre de recherché sur les grains, 740 Chemin Trudeau, Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC, J3G 0E2, Canada
| | | | - Colin W Hiebert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Centre, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | | | - Harpinder S Randhawa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403-1 Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - Stephen Shorter
- Plant and Food Research, Canterbury Agriculture & Science Centre, Gerald Street, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Brent D McCallum
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Centre, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
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27
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Wang Y, Tan J, Wu Z, VandenLangenberg K, Wehner TC, Wen C, Zheng X, Owens K, Thornton A, Bang HH, Hoeft E, Kraan PAG, Suelmann J, Pan J, Weng Y. STAYGREEN, STAY HEALTHY: a loss-of-susceptibility mutation in the STAYGREEN gene provides durable, broad-spectrum disease resistances for over 50 years of US cucumber production. New Phytol 2019; 221:415-430. [PMID: 30022503 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Gy14 cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is resistant to oomyceteous downy mildew (DM), bacterial angular leaf spot (ALS) and fungal anthracnose (AR) pathogens, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for the disease resistances in Gy14 and further map-based cloning identified a candidate gene for the resistant loci, which was validated and functionally characterized by spatial-temporal gene expression profiling, allelic diversity and phylogenetic analysis, as well as local association studies. We showed that the triple-disease resistances in Gy14 were controlled by the cucumber STAYGREEN (CsSGR) gene. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region resulted in a nonsynonymous amino acid substitution in the CsSGR protein, and thus disease resistance. Genes in the chlorophyll degradation pathway showed differential expression between resistant and susceptible lines in response to pathogen inoculation. The causal SNP was significantly associated with disease resistances in natural and breeding populations. The resistance allele has undergone selection in cucumber breeding. The durable, broad-spectrum disease resistance is caused by a loss-of-susceptibility mutation of CsSGR. Probably, this is achieved through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species over-accumulation and phytotoxic catabolite over-buildup in the chlorophyll degradation pathway. The CsSGR-mediated host resistance represents a novel function of this highly conserved gene in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Junyi Tan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Kyle VandenLangenberg
- Horticultural Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Todd C Wehner
- Horticultural Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | | | - Ken Owens
- Magnum Seeds Inc., Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Hoeft
- HM Clause Seed Company, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | | | - Jos Suelmann
- Bayer Vegetable Seeds, 6083 AB, Nunhem, the Netherlands
| | - Junsong Pan
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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Rimbaud L, Papaïx J, Barrett LG, Burdon JJ, Thrall PH. Mosaics, mixtures, rotations or pyramiding: What is the optimal strategy to deploy major gene resistance? Evol Appl 2018; 11:1791-1810. [PMID: 30459830 PMCID: PMC6231482 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Once deployed uniformly in the field, genetically controlled plant resistance is often quickly overcome by pathogens, resulting in dramatic losses. Several strategies have been proposed to constrain the evolutionary potential of pathogens and thus increase resistance durability. These strategies can be classified into four categories, depending on whether resistance sources are varied across time (rotations) or combined in space in the same cultivar (pyramiding), in different cultivars within a field (cultivar mixtures) or among fields (mosaics). Despite their potential to differentially affect both pathogen epidemiology and evolution, to date the four categories of deployment strategies have never been directly compared together within a single theoretical or experimental framework, with regard to efficiency (ability to reduce disease impact) and durability (ability to limit pathogen evolution and delay resistance breakdown). Here, we used a spatially explicit stochastic demogenetic model, implemented in the R package landsepi, to assess the epidemiological and evolutionary outcomes of these deployment strategies when two major resistance genes are present. We varied parameters related to pathogen evolutionary potential (mutation probability and associated fitness costs) and landscape organization (mostly the relative proportion of each cultivar in the landscape and levels of spatial or temporal aggregation). Our results, broadly focused on qualitative resistance to rust fungi of cereal crops, show that evolutionary and epidemiological control are not necessarily correlated and that no deployment strategy is universally optimal. Pyramiding two major genes offered the highest durability, but at high mutation probabilities, mosaics, mixtures and rotations can perform better in delaying the establishment of a universally infective superpathogen. All strategies offered the same short-term epidemiological control, whereas rotations provided the best long-term option, after all sources of resistance had broken down. This study also highlights the significant impact of landscape organization and pathogen evolutionary ability in considering the optimal design of a deployment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loup Rimbaud
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | - Luke G. Barrett
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Jeremy J. Burdon
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Peter H. Thrall
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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Yin J, Gu B, Huang G, Tian Y, Quan J, Lindqvist-Kreuze H, Shan W. Conserved RXLR Effector Genes of Phytophthora infestans Expressed at the Early Stage of Potato Infection Are Suppressive to Host Defense. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:2155. [PMID: 29312401 PMCID: PMC5742156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Late blight has been the most devastating potato disease worldwide. The causal agent, Phytophthora infestans, is notorious for its capability to rapidly overcome host resistance. Changes in the expression pattern and the encoded protein sequences of effector genes in the pathogen are responsible for the loss of host resistance. Among numerous effector genes, the class of RXLR effector genes is well-known in mediating host genotype-specific resistance. We therefore performed deep sequencing of five genetically diverse P. infestans strains using in planta materials infected with zoospores (12 h post inoculation) and focused on the identification of RXLR effector genes that are conserved in coding sequences, are highly expressed in early stages of plant infection, and have defense suppression activities. In all, 245 RXLR effector genes were expressed in five transcriptomes, with 108 being co-expressed in all five strains, 47 of them comparatively highly expressed. Taking sequence polymorphism into consideration, 18 candidate core RXLR effectors that were conserved in sequence and with higher in planta expression levels were selected for further study. Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of the selected effector genes in Nicotiana benthamiana and potato demonstrated their potential virulence function, as shown by suppression of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) or/and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The identified collection of core RXLR effectors will be useful in the search for potential durable late blight resistance genes. Analysis of 10 known Avr RXLR genes revealed that the resistance genes R2, Rpi-blb2, Rpi-vnt1, Rpi-Smira1, and Rpi-Smira2 may be effective in potato cultivars. Analysis of 8 SFI (Suppressor of early Flg22-induced Immune response) RXLR effector genes showed that SFI2, SFI3, and SFI4 were highly expressed in all examined strains, suggesting their potentially important function in early stages of pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Yin
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Biao Gu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Guiyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuee Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Junli Quan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Weixing Shan
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Saucet SB, Van Ghelder C, Abad P, Duval H, Esmenjaud D. Resistance to root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. in woody plants. New Phytol 2016; 211:41-56. [PMID: 27128375 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
I. 42 II. 43 III. 44 IV. 47 V. 49 VI. 50 VII. 50 VIII. 50 IX. 52 52 References 52 SUMMARY: Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) Meloidogyne spp. cause major damage to cultivated woody plants. Among them, Prunus, grapevine and coffee are the crops most infested by worldwide polyphagous species and species with a more limited distribution and/or narrower host range. The identification and characterization of natural sources of resistance are important steps to develop RKN control strategies. In woody crops, resistant rootstocks genetically different from the scion of agronomical interest may be engineered. We describe herein the interactions between RKNs and different woody crops, and highlight the plant species in which resistance and corresponding resistance (R) genes have been discovered. Even though grapevine and, to a lesser extent, coffee have a history of rootstock selection for RKN resistance, few cases of resistance have been documented. By contrast, in Prunus, R genes with different spectra have been mapped in plums, peach and almond and can be pyramided for durable resistance in interspecific rootstocks. We particularly discuss here the Ma Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-like-nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat gene from Myrobalan plum, one of the longest plant R genes cloned to date, due to its unique biological and structural properties. RKN R genes in Prunus will enable us to carry out molecular studies aimed at improving our knowledge of plant immunity in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bernard Saucet
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Cyril Van Ghelder
- INRA, UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRA, UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Henri Duval
- INRA, UR 1052, Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), CS 60094, 84143, Montfavet, France
| | - Daniel Esmenjaud
- INRA, UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
- CNRS, UMR 7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Li W, Liu Y, Wang J, He M, Zhou X, Yang C, Yuan C, Wang J, Chern M, Yin J, Chen W, Ma B, Wang Y, Qin P, Li S, Ronald P, Chen X. The durably resistant rice cultivar Digu activates defence gene expression before the full maturation of Magnaporthe oryzae appressorium. Mol Plant Pathol 2016; 17:354-68. [PMID: 26095454 PMCID: PMC6638526 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases worldwide. Although the rice-M. oryzae interaction has been studied extensively, the early molecular events that occur in rice before full maturation of the appressorium during M. oryzae invasion are unknown. Here, we report a comparative transcriptomics analysis of the durably resistant rice variety Digu and the susceptible rice variety Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) in response to infection by M. oryzae (5, 10 and 20 h post-inoculation, prior to full development of the appressorium). We found that the transcriptional responses differed significantly between these two rice varieties. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed that many biological processes, including extracellular recognition and biosynthesis of antioxidants, terpenes and hormones, were specifically activated in Digu shortly after infection. Forty-eight genes encoding receptor kinases (RKs) were significantly differentially regulated by M. oryzae infection in Digu. One of these genes, LOC_Os08g10300, encoding a leucine-rich repeat RK from the LRR VIII-2 subfamily, conferred enhanced resistance to M. oryzae when overexpressed in rice. Our study reveals that a multitude of molecular events occur in the durably resistant rice Digu before the full maturation of the appressorium after M. oryzae infection and that membrane-associated RKs play important roles in the early response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Min He
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Can Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mawsheng Chern
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Junjie Yin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Weilan Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin at Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shigui Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin at Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Pamela Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin at Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Plissonneau C, Daverdin G, Ollivier B, Blaise F, Degrave A, Fudal I, Rouxel T, Balesdent MH. A game of hide and seek between avirulence genes AvrLm4-7 and AvrLm3 in Leptosphaeria maculans. New Phytol 2016; 209:1613-24. [PMID: 26592855 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Extending the durability of plant resistance genes towards fungal pathogens is a major challenge. We identified and investigated the relationship between two avirulence genes of Leptosphaeria maculans, AvrLm3 and AvrLm4-7. When an isolate possesses both genes, the Rlm3-mediated resistance of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is not expressed due to the presence of AvrLm4-7 but virulent isolates toward Rlm7 recover the AvrLm3 phenotype. Combining genetic and genomic approaches (genetic mapping, RNA-seq, BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) clone sequencing and de novo assembly) we cloned AvrLm3, a telomeric avirulence gene of L. maculans. AvrLm3 is located in a gap of the L. maculans reference genome assembly, is surrounded by repeated elements, encodes for a small secreted cysteine-rich protein and is highly expressed at early infection stages. Complementation and silencing assays validated the masking effect of AvrLm4-7 on AvrLm3 recognition by Rlm3 and we showed that the presence of AvrLm4-7 does not impede AvrLm3 expression in planta. Y2H assays suggest the absence of physical interaction between the two avirulence proteins. This unusual interaction is the basis for field experiments aiming to evaluate strategies that increase Rlm7 durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Plissonneau
- INRA, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1290-Bioger, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Guillaume Daverdin
- INRA, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1290-Bioger, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Bénédicte Ollivier
- INRA, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1290-Bioger, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Françoise Blaise
- INRA, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1290-Bioger, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Alexandre Degrave
- INRA, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1290-Bioger, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Isabelle Fudal
- INRA, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1290-Bioger, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Thierry Rouxel
- INRA, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1290-Bioger, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Balesdent
- INRA, UMR INRA-AgroParisTech 1290-Bioger, Avenue Lucien Brétignières, BP 01, F-78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Boissot N, Thomas S, Chovelon V, Lecoq H. NBS-LRR-mediated resistance triggered by aphids: viruses do not adapt; aphids adapt via different mechanisms. BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16:25. [PMID: 26801763 PMCID: PMC4722753 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids are serious pest on crops. By probing with their stylets, they interact with the plant, they vector viruses and when they reach the phloem they start a continuous ingestion. Many plant resistances to aphids have been identified, several have been deployed. However, some resistances breaking down have been observed. In the melon, a gene that confers resistance to aphids has been deployed in some melon-producing areas, and aphid colony development on Vat-carrying plants has been observed in certain agrosystems. The Vat gene is a NBS-LRR gene that confers resistance to the aphid species Aphis gossypii and exhibits the unusual characteristic of also conferring resistance to non-persistently transmitted viruses when they are inoculated by the aphid. Thus, we characterized patterns of resistance to aphid and virus using the aphid diversity and we investigated the mechanisms by which aphids and viruses may adapt to the Vat gene. RESULTS Using a Vat-transgenic line built in a susceptible background, we described the Vat- spectrum of resistance to aphids, and resistance to viruses triggered by aphids using a set of six A. gossypii biotypes. Discrepancies between both resistance phenotypes revealed that aphid adaptation to Vat-mediated resistance does not occur only via avirulence factor alterations but also via adaptation to elicited defenses. In experiments conducted with three virus species serially inoculated by aphids from and to Vat plants, the viruses did not evolve to circumvent Vat-mediated resistance. We confirmed discrepancies between both resistance phenotypes by testing each aphid biotype with a set of thirteen melon accessions chosen to reflect the natural diversity of the melon. Inheritance studies revealed that patterns of resistance to virus triggered by aphids are controlled by different alleles at the Vat locus and at least another locus located at a short genetic distance. Therefore, resistance to viruses triggered by aphids is controlled by a gene cluster. CONCLUSIONS Under the Flor model, changes in the avirulence gene determine the ability of the pathogen to overcome the resistance conferred by a plant gene. The Vat gene belongs to a resistance gene family that fits this pest/pathogen-plant interaction, and we revealed an additional mechanism of aphid adaptation that potentially exists in other interactions between plants and pests or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boissot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR1052, Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Domaine St Maurice - Allée des chênes, CS 60094, F-84143, Montfavet cedex, France.
| | - Sophie Thomas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR1052, Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Domaine St Maurice - Allée des chênes, CS 60094, F-84143, Montfavet cedex, France.
| | - Véronique Chovelon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR1052, Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, Domaine St Maurice - Allée des chênes, CS 60094, F-84143, Montfavet cedex, France.
| | - Hervé Lecoq
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR452, Unité de Pathologie Végétale, Domaine St Maurice - Allée des chênes, CS 60094, F-84143, Montfavet cedex, France.
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Yuan Z, He H, Yang H, Qu H, Ma C, Qu S. Transcriptome Analysis Highlights Defense and Signaling Pathways Mediated by Rice pi21 Gene with Partial Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1834. [PMID: 28008334 PMCID: PMC5143348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. The pi21 gene confers partial and durable resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of resistance mediated by the loss-of-function of Pi21. In this study, comparative transcriptome profiling of the Pi21-RNAi transgenic rice line and Nipponbare with M. oryzae infection at different time points (0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi) were investigated using RNA sequencing. The results generated 43,222 unique genes mapped to the rice genome. In total, 1109 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the Pi21-RNAi line and Nipponbare with M. oryzae infection, with 103, 281, 209, 69, and 678 DEGs at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi, respectively. Functional analysis showed that most of the DEGs were involved in metabolism, transport, signaling, and defense. Among the genes assigned to plant-pathogen interaction, we identified 43 receptor kinase genes associated with pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition and calcium ion influx. The expression levels of brassinolide-insensitive 1, flagellin sensitive 2, and elongation factor Tu receptor, ethylene (ET) biosynthesis and signaling genes, were higher in the Pi21-RNAi line than Nipponbare. This suggested that there was a more robust PTI response in Pi21-RNAi plants and that ET signaling was important to rice blast resistance. We also identified 53 transcription factor genes, including WRKY, NAC, DOF, and ERF families that show differential expression between the two genotypes. This study highlights possible candidate genes that may serve a function in the partial rice blast resistance mediated by the loss-of-function of Pi21 and increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in partial resistance against M. oryzae.
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Chauhan H, Boni R, Bucher R, Kuhn B, Buchmann G, Sucher J, Selter LL, Hensel G, Kumlehn J, Bigler L, Glauser G, Wicker T, Krattinger SG, Keller B. The wheat resistance gene Lr34 results in the constitutive induction of multiple defense pathways in transgenic barley. Plant J 2015; 84:202-15. [PMID: 26315512 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The wheat gene Lr34 encodes an ABCG-type transporter which provides durable resistance against multiple pathogens. Lr34 is functional as a transgene in barley, but its mode of action has remained largely unknown both in wheat and barley. Here we studied gene expression in uninfected barley lines transgenic for Lr34. Genes from multiple defense pathways contributing to basal and inducible disease resistance were constitutively active in seedlings and mature leaves. In addition, the hormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were induced to high levels, and increased levels of lignin as well as hordatines were observed. These results demonstrate a strong, constitutive re-programming of metabolism by Lr34. The resistant Lr34 allele (Lr34res) encodes a protein that differs by two amino acid polymorphisms from the susceptible Lr34sus allele. The deletion of a single phenylalanine residue in Lr34sus was sufficient to induce the characteristic Lr34-based responses. Combination of Lr34res and Lr34sus in the same plant resulted in a reduction of Lr34res expression by 8- to 20-fold when the low-expressing Lr34res line BG8 was used as a parent. Crosses with the high-expressing Lr34res line BG9 resulted in an increase of Lr34sus expression by 13- to 16-fold in progenies that inherited both alleles. These results indicate an interaction of the two Lr34 alleles on the transcriptional level. Reduction of Lr34res expression in BG8 crosses reduced the negative pleiotropic effects of Lr34res on barley growth and vigor without compromising disease resistance, suggesting that transgenic combination of Lr34res and Lr34sus can result in agronomically useful resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Chauhan
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Boni
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Bucher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Kuhn
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Buchmann
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justine Sucher
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liselotte L Selter
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D06466, Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D06466, Stadt Seeland, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon G Krattinger
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Keller
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nie J, Wang Y, He H, Guo C, Zhu W, Pan J, Li D, Lian H, Pan J, Cai R. Loss-of-Function Mutations in CsMLO1 Confer Durable Powdery Mildew Resistance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:1155. [PMID: 26734050 PMCID: PMC4687411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) is a serious fungal disease of cucumber worldwide. The identification of resistance genes is very important for resistance breeding to ensure cucumber production. Here, natural loss-of-function mutations at an MLO homologous locus, CsMLO1, were found to confer durable PM resistance in cucumber. CsMLO1 encoded a cell membrane protein, was mainly expressed in leaves and cotyledons, and was up-regulated by PM at the early stage of host-pathogen interaction. Ectopic expression of CsMLO1 rescued the phenotype of the PM resistant Atmlo2 Atmlo12 double mutant to PM susceptible in Arabidopsis. Domesticated and wild resistant cucumbers originating from various geographical regions of the world were found to harbor three independent natural mutations that resulted in CsMLO1 loss of function. In addition, between the near-isogenic lines (NILs) of PM resistant and susceptible, S1003 and NIL(Pm5.1), quantitative RT-PCR revealed that there is no difference at expression levels of several genes in the pathways of ethylene, jasmonic acid or salicylic acid. Moreover, the two NILs were used for transcriptome profiling to explore the mechanism underlying the resistance. Several genes correlated with plant cell wall thickening are possibly involved in the PM resistance. This study revealed that loss of function of CsMLO1 conferred durable PM resistance, and that this loss of function is necessary but alone may not be sufficient for PM resistance in cucumber. These findings will facilitate the molecular breeding of PM resistant varieties to control this destructive disease in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Nie
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yunli Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huanle He
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Chunli Guo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Wenying Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jian Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing, China
| | - Hongli Lian
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Junsong Pan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Junsong Pan, ; Run Cai,
| | - Run Cai
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Junsong Pan, ; Run Cai,
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Sørensen CK, Hovmøller MS, Leconte M, Dedryver F, de Vallavieille-Pope C. New Races of Puccinia striiformis Found in Europe Reveal Race Specificity of Long-Term Effective Adult Plant Resistance in Wheat. Phytopathology 2014; 104:1042-1051. [PMID: 24624957 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-13-0337-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to Puccinia striiformis was examined in nine wheat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between 'Camp Rémy' (resistant parent) and 'Récital' (susceptible parent) using an isolate of a strain common to the northwestern European population before 2011 (old) and two additional isolates, one representing an aggressive and high-temperature-adapted strain (PstS2) and another representing a virulence phenotype new to Europe since 2011 (new). The RILs carried different combinations of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to P. striiformis. Under greenhouse conditions, the three isolates gave highly contrasting results for infection type, latent period, lesion length, and diseased leaf area. The PstS2 isolate revealed Yr genes and QTL which conferred complete resistance in adult plants. Six QTL had additive effects against the old isolate whereas the effects of these QTL were significantly lower for the new isolate. Furthermore, the new isolate revealed previously undetected resistance in the susceptible parent. Disease severity under field conditions agreed with greenhouse results, except for Camp Rémy being fully resistant to the new isolate and for two RILs being susceptible in the field. These results stress the need of maintaining high genetic diversity for disease resistance in wheat and of using pathogen isolates of diverse origin in studies of host resistance genetics.
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Essenberg M, Bayles MB, Pierce ML, Verhalen LM. Pyramiding B genes in cotton achieves broader but not always higher resistance to bacterial blight. Phytopathology 2014; 104:1088-1097. [PMID: 24655289 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-13-0167-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Near-isogenic lines of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) carrying single, race-specific genes B4, BIn, and b7 for resistance to bacterial blight were used to develop a pyramid of lines with all possible combinations of two and three genes to learn whether the pyramid could achieve broad and high resistance approaching that of L. A. Brinkerhoff's exceptional line Im216. Isogenic strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum carrying single avirulence (avr) genes were used to identify plants carrying specific resistance (B) genes. Under field conditions in north-central Oklahoma, pyramid lines exhibited broader resistance to individual races and, consequently, higher resistance to a race mixture. It was predicted that lines carrying two or three B genes would also exhibit higher resistance to race 1, which possesses many avr genes. Although some enhancements were observed, they did not approach the level of resistance of Im216. In a growth chamber, bacterial populations attained by race 1 in and on leaves of the pyramid lines decreased significantly with increasing number of B genes in only one of four experiments. The older lines, Im216 and AcHR, exhibited considerably lower bacterial populations than any of the one-, two-, or three-B-gene lines. A spreading collapse of spray-inoculated AcBIn and AcBInb7 leaves appears to be a defense response (conditioned by BIn) that is out of control.
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Ferris H, Zheng L, Walker MA. Soil Temperature Effects on the Interaction of Grape Rootstocks and Plant-parasitic Nematodes. J Nematol 2013; 45:49-57. [PMID: 23589660 PMCID: PMC3625132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in commonly used resistant grape rootstocks is slightly compromised at soil temperatures above 27°C. Newly released UCD-GRN series rootstocks, which have broad nematode resistance, exhibit trace infections by Meloidogyne spp. at elevated temperature. Pathotypes of M. incognita and M. arenaria that are virulent on 'Harmony' rootstock, as well as M. incognita Race 3, which is avirulent on 'Harmony', failed to produce egg masses on the UCD-GRN series rootstocks and other resistant selections at 24°C. At 27°C and above, there was increased nematode galling and egg mass production; at 30°C, egg mass production levels of M. incognita Race 3 on 'Harmony' were up to 12% of that on susceptible 'Colombard' while reproduction of the virulent pathotypes on the UCD-GRN series was less than 5% of that on 'Colombard'. Resistance of several of the parental genotypes of the UCD-GRN rootstock series was slightly compromised at soil temperatures of 30°C and above; however, others maintained their resistance to even the virulent M. arenaria pathotype A at high temperatures. Effects of high temperature on resistance to Xiphinema index could not be assessed because of temperature sensitivity of the nematodes while resistance to Mesocriconema xenoplax was not compromised at high soil temperature. Resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in the UCD-GRN series rootstocks was not compromised when plants and nematodes were subjected to cyclical high and low temperature conditions, indicating that once initiated, the resistance mechanism is not reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ferris
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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40
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Ferris H, Zheng L, Walker MA. Resistance of Grape Rootstocks to Plant-parasitic Nematodes. J Nematol 2012; 44:377-386. [PMID: 23482972 PMCID: PMC3592374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidate grape rootstocks were selected through a rigorous screening program initiated with important sources of resistance to Meloidogyne pathotypes and to Xiphinema index in Muscadinia rotundifolia and Vitis species native to North America. Based on their rooting capability and horticultural characteristics, 200 candidates were selected from 5,000 progeny of multiple crosses between commercial grape rootstocks and wild grape species that exhibited resistance to nematodes. After a 15-year screening process, 13 selections emerged with either almost complete or complete combined resistance to M. incognita Race 3, M. incognita pathotype Harmony C, M. arenaria pathotype Harmony A, and X. index, important nematode pests of grapevines. Durability of this broad resistance was tested by challenging the selections with the target nematodes in combination and with the target nematodes in combinations with species not included in the screening process. Durability of resistance of the candidate rootstocks was also tested by exposure to the nematode communities of infested field soils from different locations. Breadth of resistance was determined on the basis of their host status to non-target nematodes, including Mesocriconema xenoplax, Pratylenchus vulnus, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Paratylenchus hamatus. After a total of 204 separate trials, the rootstocks were released to the grape industry as UCD GRN1, UCD GRN2, UCD GRN3, UCD GRN4, and UCD GRN5. We provide a compilation of current knowledge of the host status of these five newly released rootstocks and of 27 other rootstock cultivars to plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ferris
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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41
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Li HJ, Li XH, Xiao JH, Wing RA, Wang SP. Ortholog alleles at Xa3/Xa26 locus confer conserved race-specific resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae in rice. Mol Plant 2012; 5:281-90. [PMID: 21930802 PMCID: PMC3261417 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The rice disease resistance (R) gene Xa3/Xa26 (having also been named Xa3 and Xa26) against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes bacterial blight disease, belongs to a multiple gene family clustered in chromosome 11 and is from an AA genome rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L.). This family encodes leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinase-type proteins. Here, we show that the orthologs (alleles) of Xa3/Xa26, Xa3/Xa26-2, and Xa3/Xa26-3, from wild Oryza species O. officinalis (CC genome) and O. minuta (BBCC genome), respectively, were also R genes against Xoo. Xa3/Xa26-2 and Xa3/Xa26-3 conferred resistance to 16 of the 18 Xoo strains examined. Comparative sequence analysis of the Xa3/Xa26 families in the two wild Oryza species showed that Xa3/Xa26-3 appeared to have originated from the CC genome of O. minuta. The predicted proteins encoded by Xa3/Xa26, Xa3/Xa26-2, and Xa3/Xa26-3 share 91-99% sequence identity and 94-99% sequence similarity. Transgenic plants carrying a single copy of Xa3/Xa26, Xa3/Xa26-2, or Xa3/Xa26-3, in the same genetic background, showed a similar resistance spectrum to a set of Xoo strains, although plants carrying Xa3/Xa26-2 or Xa3/Xa26-3 showed lower resistance levels than the plants carrying Xa3/Xa26. These results suggest that the Xa3/Xa26 locus predates the speciation of A and C genome, which is approximately 7.5 million years ago. Thus, the resistance specificity of this locus has been conserved for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing-Hua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rod A. Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Shi-Ping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail , tel. 86-27-8728-3009, fax 86-27-8728-7092
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Rahnamaeian M. Antimicrobial peptides: modes of mechanism, modulation of defense responses. Plant Signal Behav 2011; 6:1325-32. [PMID: 21847025 PMCID: PMC3258061 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.9.16319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Complicated schemes of classical breeding and their drawbacks, environmental risks imposed by agrochemicals, decrease of arable land, and coincident escalating damages of pests and pathogens have accentuated the necessity for highly efficient measures to improve crop protection. During co-evolution of host-microbe interactions, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have exhibited a brilliant history in protecting host organisms against devastation by invading pathogens. Since the 1980s, a plethora of AMPs has been isolated from and characterized in different organisms. Nevertheless the AMPs expressed in plants render them more resistant to diverse pathogens, a more orchestrated approach based on knowledge of their mechanisms of action and cellular targets, structural toxic principle, and possible impact on immune system of corresponding transgenic plants will considerably improve crop protection strategies against harmful plant diseases. This review outlines the current knowledge on different modes of action of AMPs and then argues the waves of AMPs’ ectopic expression on transgenic plants’ immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rahnamaeian
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
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Abstract
The CIMMYT-developed spring wheat 'Brambling' has a high level of adult-plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Our objectives were to determine the genetic basis of resistance in seedlings and adult plants and the magnitude of genotype × environment effects on the expression of APR. Brambling was crossed with spring wheat 'Jupateco 73S' that is highly susceptible to current predominant P. triticina races in Mexico and the United States. The F1, F2:3, F4:5, F4:6, and F5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were evaluated under artificial field epidemics in Mexico and St. Paul, MN. The RILs also were tested with five races of P. triticina in greenhouse seedling experiments. A DNA marker was used to postulate the presence of slow-rusting gene Lr34 in the RILs. F1 data suggested strong dominant effect of the APR genes in Brambling. The proportion of homozygous susceptible lines in each generation indicated the presence of three effective resistance genes in adult plants of Brambling in tests in Mexico and three or four genes in tests in St. Paul. The RILs segregated for seedling genes Lr14a and Lr23 and adult-plant slow-rusting gene Lr34 derived from Brambling and Lr17a from Jupateco 73S. Gene Lr23 conditioned APR to P. triticina races present in the St. Paul nursery and accounted for the additional effective gene at this location. Expression of APR was influenced by the environment in the RILs, even though Brambling displayed a consistent response, indicating that stability of APR can be achieved by combinations of slow-rusting resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Zhang
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - R P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo Postal 6-641, 06600, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - J A Kolmer
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - J Huerta-Espino
- Campo Experimental Valle de Mexico, INIFAP, Apdo. Postal 10, Chapingo, 56230 Edo de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Y Jin
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - J A Anderson
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Church GT, Starr JL, Simpson CE. A Recessive Gene for Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Interspecific Arachis spp. Hybrids. J Nematol 2005; 37:178-184. [PMID: 19262858 PMCID: PMC2620960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A single dominant gene for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria was identified previously in two peanut cultivars, Arachis hypogaea 'COAN' and 'NemaTAM'. The interspecific Arachis hybrid TxAG-6 was the source of this resistance and the donor parent in a backcross breeding program to introgress resistance into cultivated peanut. To determine if other resistance genes were present in TxAG-6 and derived breeding populations from the third backcross generation (BC), F individuals were evaluated for the resistance phenotype. The ratio of the resistant and susceptible individuals for all F populations fit the expected ratio for resistance being governed by one dominant gene and one recessive gene. Evaluation of the F generation from four susceptible F individuals (two from TxAG-6 x A. hypogaea and two from the BC population) confirmed that a recessive gene for resistance to M. arenaria was present in each of the tested populations. The identification of a second gene for resistance in the A. hypogaea germplasm may improve the durability of the resistance phenotype.
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45
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Zhou E, Wheeler TA, Starr JL. Root Galling and Reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita Isolates from Texas on Resistant Cotton Genotypes. J Nematol 2000; 32:513-518. [PMID: 19271003 PMCID: PMC2620498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cotton genotypes with resistance to Meloidogyne incognita have been released in recent years. To estimate the durability of this resistance, galling severity on these resistant genotypes by M. incognita was measured. Nematode isolates (115 total) were collected from cotton fields in 14 Texas counties in August and September 1996 and 1997. Four additional isolates from Maryland, Mississippi, and North Carolina were also tested. The isolates were evaluated in 12 greenhouse experiments for their ability to gall roots of the resistant cotton genotypes M315, Acala NemX, and Stoneville LA887 and the susceptible cultivar Deltapine 90. Numbers of galls on each genotype by each isolate were counted 60 days after inoculation with 10,000 eggs/plant. M315 consistently had the fewest galls for each nematode isolate, whereas Deltapine 90 had the greatest number of galls. Numbers of galls on NemX and LA887 were usually intermediate and more variable. For each separate experiment, analysis of variance indicated that the effects of nematode isolates, cotton genotypes, and isolate-genotype interaction were significant (P < 0.05). In two of the experiments, nematode reproduction was also measured and galling was positively correlated (r = 0.68 and 0.86) with egg production by M. incognita. Nematode isolates from one field exhibited higher root galling and reproduction (P < 0.05) on resistant genotypes than other isolates, suggesting a need for gene deployment systems that will enhance the durability of resistance.
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Barcellos AL, Roelfs AP, de Moraes-Fernandes MIB. Inheritance of Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance in the Brazilian Wheat Cultivar Toropi. Plant Dis 2000; 84:90-93. [PMID: 30841228 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2000.84.1.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adult plant resistance to leaf rust in the Brazilian wheat cultivar Toropi (Triticum aestivum) was studied in crosses with the susceptible cultivar IAC 13. Cvs. Toropi and IAC 13 are susceptible at the seedling stage to race LCG-RS of Puccinia triticina Erikss., and to all other known Brazilian leaf-rust races. Thus, the resistance observed in Toropi in the field was due to adult plant-resistance genes. In the greenhouse at the adult plant stage, resistance segregated in a 7:9 ratio for two complementary recessive genes. Additionally, two recessive genes for leaf-tip necrosis were identified in the greenhouse environment. Necrosis was expressed when the two homozygous recessive genes occurred together in the F2, independently of the response to leaf rust. The resistance and leaf-necrosis genes differ from those previously reported in wheat. Segregation for leaf-rust resistance in the field at Passo Fundo, Brazil, fit a 1:3 ratio for a single recessive gene. With a different pathogen race, and in crosses of cvs. Toropi and ThatcherLr34, two recessive genes and a dominant gene for resistance were detected in the field in Mexico. The dominant gene was likely Lr34 from cv. ThatcherLr34 and the two recessive genes were likely those detected in the greenhouse adult plants tests at Passo Fundo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Barcellos
- Pathologist, EMBRAPA Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo (CNPT), Cx. P. 451, 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - A P Roelfs
- Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, 1551 Lindig Street, St. Paul 55108
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