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Zeng H, He K, He Q, Xu L, Zhang W, Lu X, Tang Y, Zhu X, Yin J, He M, Chen X, Li W. Exogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid Suppresses Rice Infection of Magnaporthe oryzae by Affecting Plant Resistance and Fungal Growth. Phytopathology 2024:PHYTO10230365KC. [PMID: 38709298 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-23-0365-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is an important phytohormone that regulates diverse biologic processes, including plant growth and immunity. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), known as one of the main forms of auxin, is able to activate plant immunity. However, it is unknown whether IAA enhances plant resistance and/or suppresses the growth of the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we found that IAA could induce expression levels of pathogenesis-related genes to enhance disease resistance and could control the development of blast disease through inhibiting M. oryzae infection. Exogenous IAA suppressed mycelial growth and delayed spore germination by inhibiting fungal endogenous IAA biosynthesis and impairing redox homeostasis, respectively. When applied to a field test, two IAA analogues, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, can effectively control rice blast disease. Our study advances the understanding of IAA in controlling rice blast disease through suppressing pathogen growth and enhancing plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Kaiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qin He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Liting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yongyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Weitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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2
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Oliveira-Garcia E, Budot BO, Manangkil J, Lana FD, Angira B, Famoso A, Jia Y. An Efficient Method for Screening Rice Breeding Lines Against Races of Magnaporthe oryzae. Plant Dis 2024:PDIS05230922RE. [PMID: 37807096 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0922-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most destructive rice disease worldwide. The disease symptoms are usually expressed on the leaf and panicle. The leaf disease intensity in controlled environmental conditions is frequently quantified using a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 represents the absence of symptoms, and 5 represents large eyespot lesions. However, this scale restricts the qualitative classification of the varieties into intermediate resistant and susceptible categories. Here, we develop a 0 to 6 scale for blast disease that allows proper assignment of rice breeding lines and varieties into six resistance levels (highly resistant, resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible). We evaluated 40 common rice varieties against four major blast races (IB1, IB17, IB49, and IE1-K). Varieties carrying the Pi-ta gene were either highly resistant, resistant, or moderately resistant to IB17. The IE1-K race was able to break Pi-ta-mediated resistance of the rice varieties. The Pi-z gene conferred resistance to the IB17 and IE1-K races. The varieties M201, Cheniere, and Frontier were highly susceptible (score 6; 100% disease) to the race IE1-K. Moreover, varieties that were resistant or susceptible to all four blast races also showed similar levels of resistance/susceptibility to blast disease in the field. Taken together, our data proved that the 0 to 6 blast scale can efficiently determine the resistance levels of rice varieties against major blast races. This robust method will assist rice breeding programs to incorporate durable resistance against major and emerging blast races.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ely Oliveira-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A
| | - Bernard Orense Budot
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A
- University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Jennifer Manangkil
- H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LA 70578, U.S.A
| | - Felipe Dala Lana
- H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LA 70578, U.S.A
| | - Brijesh Angira
- H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LA 70578, U.S.A
| | - Adam Famoso
- H. Rouse Caffey Rice Research Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, LA 70578, U.S.A
| | - Yulin Jia
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, USDA-ARS, Stuttgart, AR 72160, U.S.A
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Lin L, Sun T, Guo J, Lin L, Chen M, Wang Z, Bao J, Norvienyeku J, Zhang D, Han Y, Lu G, Rensing C, Zheng H, Zhong Z, Wang Z. Transposable elements impact the population divergence of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. mBio 2024:e0008624. [PMID: 38534157 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00086-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic transposition of transposable elements (TEs) in fungal pathogens has significant impact on genome stability, gene expression, and virulence to the host. In Magnaporthe oryzae, genome plasticity resulting from TE insertion is a major driving force leading to the rapid evolution and diversification of this fungus. Despite their importance in M. oryzae population evolution and divergence, our understanding of TEs in this context remains limited. Here, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of TE transposition dynamics in the 11 most abundant TE families in M. oryzae populations. Our results show that these TEs have specifically expanded in recently isolated M. oryzae rice populations, with the presence/absence polymorphism of TE insertions highly concordant with population divergence on Geng/Japonica and Xian/Indica rice cultivars. Notably, the genes targeted by clade-specific TEs showed clade-specific expression patterns and are involved in the pathogenic process, suggesting a transcriptional regulation of TEs on targeted genes. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of TEs in M. oryzae populations and demonstrates a crucial role of recent TE bursts in adaptive evolution and diversification of the M. oryzae rice-infecting lineage. IMPORTANCE Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of the destructive blast disease, which caused massive loss of yield annually worldwide. The fungus diverged into distinct clades during adaptation toward the two rice subspecies, Xian/Indica and Geng/Japonica. Although the role of TEs in the adaptive evolution was well established, mechanisms underlying how TEs promote the population divergence of M. oryzae remain largely unknown. In this study, we reported that TEs shape the population divergence of M. oryzae by differentially regulating gene expression between Xian/Indica-infecting and Geng/Japonica-infecting populations. Our results revealed a TE insertion-mediated gene expression adaption that led to the divergence of M. oryzae population infecting different rice subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Han
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huakun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Liu Q, Xue J, Zhang L, Jiang L, Li C. Unveiling the Roles of LncRNA MOIRAs in Rice Blast Disease Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:82. [PMID: 38254971 PMCID: PMC10815219 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is a major threat to rice production worldwide. This study investigates the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in rice's response to this destructive disease, with a focus on their impacts on disease resistance and yield traits. Three specific lncRNAs coded by M. oryzae infection-responsive lncRNAs (MOIRAs), MOIRA1, MOIRA2, and MOIRA3, were identified as key regulators of rice's response to M. oryzae infection. Strikingly, when MOIRA1 and MOIRA2 were overexpressed, they exhibited a dual function: they increased rice's susceptibility to blast fungus, indicating a negative role in disease resistance, while simultaneously enhancing tiller numbers and single-plant yield, with no adverse effects on other yield-related traits. This unexpected improvement in productivity suggests the possibility of overcoming the traditional trade-off between disease resistance and crop yield. These findings provide a novel perspective on crop enhancement, offering a promising solution to global food security challenges by developing rice varieties that effectively balance disease resistance and increased productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Jiao Xue
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
| | - Chen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.Z.); (L.J.); (C.L.)
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5
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Osakina A, Jia Y. Genetic Diversity of Weedy Rice and Its Potential Application as a Novel Source of Disease Resistance. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2850. [PMID: 37571004 PMCID: PMC10421194 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Weeds that infest crops are a primary factor limiting agricultural productivity worldwide. Weedy rice, also called red rice, has experienced independent evolutionary events through gene flow from wild rice relatives and de-domestication from cultivated rice. Each evolutionary event supplied/equipped weedy rice with competitive abilities that allowed it to thrive with cultivated rice and severely reduce yields in rice fields. Understanding how competitiveness evolves is important not only for noxious agricultural weed management but also for the transfer of weedy rice traits to cultivated rice. Molecular studies of weedy rice using simple sequence repeat (SSR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and whole-genome sequence have shown great genetic variations in weedy rice populations globally. These variations are evident both at the whole-genome and at the single-allele level, including Sh4 (shattering), Hd1 (heading and flowering), and Rc (pericarp pigmentation). The goal of this review is to describe the genetic diversity of current weedy rice germplasm and the significance of weedy rice germplasm as a novel source of disease resistance. Understanding these variations, especially at an allelic level, is also crucial as individual loci that control important traits can be of great target to rice breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Osakina
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
- USDA ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - Yulin Jia
- USDA ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
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6
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Lee S, Völz R, Lim YJ, Harris W, Kim S, Lee YH. The nuclear effector MoHTR3 of Magnaporthe oryzae modulates host defence signalling in the biotrophic stage of rice infection. Mol Plant Pathol 2023; 24:602-615. [PMID: 36977203 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal effectors play a pivotal role in suppressing the host defence system, and their evolution is highly dynamic. By comparative sequence analysis of plant-pathogenic fungi and Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified the small secreted C2 H2 zinc finger protein MoHTR3. MoHTR3 exhibited high conservation in M. oryzae strains but low conservation among other plant-pathogenic fungi, suggesting an emerging evolutionary selection process. MoHTR3 is exclusively expressed in the biotrophic stage of fungal invasion, and the encoded protein localizes to the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) and the host cell nucleus. The signal peptide crucial for MoHTR3' secretion to the BIC and the protein section required for its translocation to the nucleus were both identified by a functional protein domain study. The host-nuclear localization of MoHTR3 suggests a function as a transcriptional modulator of host defence gene induction. After ΔMohtr3 infection, the expression of jasmonic acid- and ethylene-associated genes was diminished in rice, in contrast to when the MoHTR3-overexpressing strain (MoHTR3ox) was applied. The transcript levels of salicylic acid- and defence-related genes were also affected after ΔMohtr3 and MoHTR3ox application. In pathogenicity assays, ΔMohtr3 was indistinguishable from the wild type. However, MoHTR3ox-infected plants showed diminished lesion formation and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, accompanied by a decrease in susceptibility, suggesting that the MoHTR3-induced manipulation of host cells affects host-pathogen interaction. MoHTR3 emphasizes the role of the host nucleus as a critical target for the pathogen-driven manipulation of host defence mechanisms and underscores the ongoing evolution of rice blast's arms race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ronny Völz
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - You-Jin Lim
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbeom Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Plant Microbiome Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Maidment JHR, Shimizu M, Bentham AR, Vera S, Franceschetti M, Longya A, Stevenson CEM, De la Concepcion JC, Białas A, Kamoun S, Terauchi R, Banfield MJ. Effector target-guided engineering of an integrated domain expands the disease resistance profile of a rice NLR immune receptor. eLife 2023; 12:81123. [PMID: 37199729 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of plant intracellular NLR immune receptors detect effector proteins, secreted by phytopathogens to promote infection, through unconventional integrated domains which resemble the effector's host targets. Direct binding of effectors to these integrated domains activates plant defenses. The rice NLR receptor Pik-1 binds the Magnaporthe oryzae effector AVR-Pik through an integrated heavy metal-associated (HMA) domain. However, the stealthy alleles AVR-PikC and AVR-PikF avoid interaction with Pik-HMA and evade host defenses. Here, we exploited knowledge of the biochemical interactions between AVR-Pik and its host target, OsHIPP19, to engineer novel Pik-1 variants that respond to AVR-PikC/F. First, we exchanged the HMA domain of Pikp-1 for OsHIPP19-HMA, demonstrating that effector targets can be incorporated into NLR receptors to provide novel recognition profiles. Second, we used the structure of OsHIPP19-HMA to guide the mutagenesis of Pikp-HMA to expand its recognition profile. We demonstrate that the extended recognition profiles of engineered Pikp-1 variants correlate with effector binding in planta and in vitro, and with the gain of new contacts across the effector/HMA interface. Crucially, transgenic rice producing the engineered Pikp-1 variants was resistant to blast fungus isolates carrying AVR-PikC or AVR-PikF. These results demonstrate that effector target-guided engineering of NLR receptors can provide new-to-nature disease resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motoki Shimizu
- Division of Genomics and Breeding, Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, Japan
| | - Adam R Bentham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sham Vera
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Apinya Longya
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E M Stevenson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aleksandra Białas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Division of Genomics and Breeding, Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate, Japan
- Laboratory of Crop Evolution, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mark J Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Xu H, Chang Q, Huang L, Wei P, Song Y, Guo Z, Peng YL, Fan J. An Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Expression Method for Functional Assay of Genes Promoting Disease in Monocots. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087636. [PMID: 37108797 PMCID: PMC10142106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression (AMTE) has been widely used for high-throughput assays of gene function in diverse plant species. However, its application in monocots is still limited due to low expression efficiency. Here, by using histochemical staining and a quantitative fluorescence assay of β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression, we investigated factors affecting the efficiency of AMTE on intact barley plants. We found prominent variation in GUS expression levels across diverse vectors commonly used for stable transformation and that the vector pCBEP produced the highest expression. Additionally, concurrent treatments of plants with one day of high humidity and two days of darkness following agro-infiltration also significantly increased GUS expression efficiency. We thus established an optimized method for efficient AMTE on barley and further demonstrated its efficiency on wheat and rice plants. We showed that this approach could produce enough proteins suitable for split-luciferase assays of protein-protein interactions on barley leaves. Moreover, we incorporated the AMTE protocol into the functional dissection of a complex biological process such as plant disease. Based on our previous research, we used the pCBEP vector to construct a full-length cDNA library of genes upregulated during the early stage of rice blast disease. A subsequent screen of the library by AMTE identified 15 candidate genes (out of ~2000 clones) promoting blast disease on barley plants. Four identified genes encode chloroplast-related proteins: OsNYC3, OsNUDX21, OsMRS2-9, and OsAk2. These genes were induced during rice blast disease; however, constitutive overexpression of these genes conferred enhanced disease susceptibility to Colletotrichum higginsianum in Arabidopsis. These observations highlight the power of the optimized AMTE approach on monocots as an effective tool for facilitating functional assays of genes mediating complex processes such as plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Xu
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingle Chang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luli Huang
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peiyao Wei
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulu Song
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zejian Guo
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Fan
- MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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9
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Shi X, Xiong Y, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Xiao Y, Wang GL, Liu W. The ANIP1-OsWRKY62 module regulates both basal defense and Pi9-mediated immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae in rice. Mol Plant 2023; 16:739-755. [PMID: 36872602 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During effector-triggered immunity (ETI) against the devastating rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, Pi9 functions as an intracellular resistance protein sensing the pathogen-secreted effector AvrPi9 in rice. Importantly, the underlying recognition mechanism(s) between Pi9 and AvrPi9 remains elusive. In this study, we identified a rice ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein (UDP), AVRPI9-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (ANIP1), which is directly targeted by AvrPi9 and also binds to Pi9 in plants. Phenotypic analysis of anip1 mutants and plants overexpressing ANIP1 revealed that ANIP1 negatively modulates rice basal defense against M. oryzae. ANIP1 undergoes 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, which can be blocked by both AvrPi9 and Pi9. Moreover, ANIP1 physically associates with the rice WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY62, which also interacts with AvrPi9 and Pi9 in plants. In the absence of Pi9, ANIP1 negatively regulates OsWRKY62 abundance, which can be promoted by AvrPi9. Accordingly, knocking out of OsWRKY62 in a non-Pi9 background decreased immunity against M. oryzae. However, we also observed that OsWRKY62 plays negative roles in defense against a compatible M. oryzae strain in Pi9-harboring rice. Pi9 binds to ANIP1 and OsWRKY62 to form a complex, which may help to keep Pi9 in an inactive state and weaken rice immunity. Furthermore, using competitive binding assays, we showed that AvrPi9 promotes Pi9 dissociation from ANIP1, which could be an important step toward ETI activation. Taken together, our results reveal an immune strategy whereby a UDP-WRKY module, targeted by a fungal effector, modulates rice immunity in distinct ways in the presence or absence of the corresponding resistance protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yehui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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10
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Jayaraman K, Sevanthi AM, Raman KV, Jiwani G, Solanke AU, Mandal PK, Mohapatra T. Overexpression of a DUF740 family gene ( LOC_Os04g59420) imparts enhanced climate resilience through multiple stress tolerance in rice. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:947312. [PMID: 36743581 PMCID: PMC9893790 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.947312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional characterization of stress-responsive genes through the analysis of transgenic plants is a standard approach to comprehend their role in climate resilience and subsequently exploit them for sustainable crop improvement. In this study, we investigated the function of LOC_Os04g59420, a gene of DUF740 family (OsSRDP-Oryza sativa Stress Responsive DUF740 Protein) from rice, which showed upregulation in response to abiotic stress in the available global expression data, but is yet to be functionally characterized. Transgenic plants of the rice OsSRDP gene, driven by a stress-inducible promoter AtRd29A, were developed in the background of cv. Pusa Sugandh 2 (PS2) and their transgene integration and copy number were confirmed by molecular analysis. The three independent homozygous transgenic plants (AtRd29A::OsSRDP rice transformants) showed better resilience to drought, salinity, and cold stresses, but not heat stress, as compared to the non-transformed PS2, which corresponded with their respective relative transcript abundance for OsSRDP. Transgenic plants maintained higher RWC, photosynthetic pigments, and proline accumulation under drought and salinity stresses. Furthermore, they exhibited less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than PS2 under drought stress, as seen from the transcript abundance studies of the ROS genes. Under cold stress, OsSRDP transgenic lines illustrated minimal cell membrane injury compared to PS2. Additionally, the transgenic plants showed resistance to a virulent strain of rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae). The promoter analysis of the gene in N22 and PS2 revealed the presence of multiple abiotic and biotic stress-specific motif elements supporting our observation on multiple stress tolerance. Based on bioinformatics studies, we identified four potential candidate interaction partners for LOC_Os04g59420, of which two genes (LOC_Os05g09640 and LOC_Os06g50370) showed co-expression under biotic and drought stress along with OsSRDP. Altogether, our findings established that stress-inducible expression of OsSRDP can significantly enhance tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses and a biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karikalan Jayaraman
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amitha Mithra Sevanthi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalappan Venkat Raman
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gitanjali Jiwani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amolkumar U. Solanke
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Trilochan Mohapatra
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India
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11
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Liang M, Dong L, Deng YZ. Circadian Redox Rhythm in Plant-Fungal Pathogen Interactions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:726-738. [PMID: 35044223 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Circadian-controlled cellular growth, differentiation, and metabolism are mainly achieved by a classical transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL), as revealed by investigations in animals, plants, and fungi. Recent Advances: Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported as part of a cellular network synchronizing nontranscriptional oscillators with established TTFL components, adding complexity to regulatory mechanisms of circadian rhythm. Both circadian rhythm and ROS homeostasis have a great impact on plant immunity as well as fungal pathogenicity, therefore interconnections of these two factors are implicit in plant-fungus interactions. Critical Issues: In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in circadian-controlled ROS homeostasis, or ROS-modulated circadian clock, in plant-fungus pathosystems, particularly using the rice (Oryza sativa) blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) pathosystem as an example. Understanding of such bidirectional interaction between the circadian timekeeping machinery and ROS homeostasis/signaling would provide a theoretical basis for developing disease control strategies for important plants/crops. Future Directions: Questions remain unanswered about the detailed mechanisms underlying circadian regulation of redox homeostasis in M. oryzae, and the consequent fungal differentiation and death in a time-of-day manner. We believe that the rice-M. oryzae pathobiosystem would provide an excellent platform for investigating such issues in circadian-ROS interconnections in a plant-fungus interaction context. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 726-738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Chen MM, Yang SR, Wang J, Fang YL, Peng YL, Fan J. Fungal oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins promote pathogen virulence and activate plant immunity. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:2125-2141. [PMID: 34864987 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein-related proteins (ORPs) are a conserved class of lipid transfer proteins that are closely involved in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes, but their roles in plant-pathogen interactions are mostly unknown. We show that transient expression of ORPs of Magnaporthe oryzae (MoORPs) in Nicotiana benthamina plants triggered oxidative bursts and cell death; treatment of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension cells with recombinant MoORPs elicited the production of reactive oxygen species. Despite ORPs being normally described as intracellular proteins, we detected MoORPs in fungal culture filtrates and intercellular fluids from barley plants infected with the fungus. More importantly, infiltration of Arabidopsis plants with recombinant Arabidopsis or fungal ORPs activated oxidative bursts, callose deposition, and PR1 gene expression, and enhanced plant disease resistance, implying that ORPs may function as endogenous and exogenous danger signals triggering plant innate immunity. Extracellular application of fungal ORPs exerted an opposite impact on salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways. Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1-associated Kinase 1 was dispensable for the ORP-activated defense. Besides, simultaneous knockout of MoORP1 and MoORP3 abolished fungal colony radial growth and conidiation, whereas double knockout of MoORP1 and MoORP2 compromised fungal virulence on barley and rice plants. These observations collectively highlight the multifaceted role of MoORPs in the modulation of plant innate immunity and promotion of fungal development and virulence in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Ru Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Li Fang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Lee SH, Farh ME, Lee J, Oh YT, Cho E, Park J, Son H, Jeon J. A Histone Deacetylase, Magnaporthe oryzae RPD3, Regulates Reproduction and Pathogenic Development in the Rice Blast Fungus. mBio 2021;:e0260021. [PMID: 34781734 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02600-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation and deacetylation of histones are key epigenetic mechanisms for gene regulation in response to environmental stimuli. RPD3 is a well-conserved class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) that is involved in diverse biological processes. Here, we investigated the roles of the Magnaporthe oryzaeRPD3 (MoRPD3) gene, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeRpd3, during development and pathogenesis in the model plant-pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. We demonstrated that the MoRPD3 gene is able to functionally complement the yeast Rpd3 deletion mutant despite the C-terminal extension of the MoRPD3 protein. MoRPD3 localizes primarily to the nuclei of vegetative hyphae, asexual spores, and invasive hyphae. Deletion of MoRPD3 appears to be lethal. Depletion of MoRPD3 transcripts via gene silencing (MoRPD3kd, where “kd” stands for “knockdown”) has opposing effects on asexual and sexual reproduction. Although conidial germination and appressorium formation rates of the mutants were almost comparable to those of the wild type, in-depth analysis revealed that the appressoria of mutants are smaller than those of the wild type. Furthermore, the MoRPD3kd strain shows a significant reduction in pathogenicity, which can be attributed to the delay in appressorium-mediated penetration and impaired invasive growth. Interestingly, MoRPD3 does not regulate potassium transporters, as shown for Rpd3 of S. cerevisiae. However, it functioned in association with the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase pathway, resulting in the dependency of appressorium formation on hydrophilic surfaces and on TOR’s inhibition by MoRPD3. Taken together, our results uncovered distinct and evolutionarily conserved roles of MoRPD3 in regulating fungal reproduction, infection-specific development, and virulence.
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14
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Yang D, Li S, Xiao Y, Lu L, Zheng Z, Tang D, Cui H. Transcriptome analysis of rice response to blast fungus identified core genes involved in immunity. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:3103-3121. [PMID: 33993496 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by the filamentous Ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a major threat to rice production worldwide. The mechanisms underlying rice resistance to M. oryzae, such as transcriptional reprogramming and signalling networks, remain elusive. In this study, we carried out an in-depth comparative transcriptome study on the susceptible and resistant rice cultivars in response to M. oryzae. Our analysis highlighted that rapid, high-amplitude transcriptional reprogramming was important for rice defence against blast fungus. Ribosome- and protein translation-related genes were significantly enriched among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 hpi in both cultivars, indicating that the protein translation machinery is regulated in the activation of immunity in rice. Furthermore, we identified a core set of genes that are involved in the rice response to both biotic and abiotic stress. More importantly, among the core genes, we demonstrated that the metallothionein OsMT1a and OsMT1b genes positively regulated rice resistance while a peroxidase gene Perox4 negatively regulated rice resistance to M. oryzae. Our study provides novel insight into transcriptional reprogramming and serves as a valuable resource for functional studies on rice immune signalling components in resistance to blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zichao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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15
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Nagashima Y, Sasaki A, Hiraoka R, Onoda Y, Tanaka K, Wang ZY, Kuwana A, Sato Y, Suzuki Y, Izumi M, Kuwahara S, Nukina M, Kiyota H. Synthesis of (12R,13S)-pyriculariol and (12R,13S)-dihydropyriculariol revealed that the rice blast fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, produces these phytotoxins as racemates. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:134-142. [PMID: 33577655 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of assumed natural (12R,13S)-enantiomers of pyriculariol (1) and dihydropyriculariol (2), phytotoxins isolated from rice blast disease fungus, Pyricularia oryzae, was achieved using Wittig reaction or microwave-assisted Stille coupling reaction as the key step. The synthesis revealed that the natural 1 and 2 are racemates. Foliar application test on a rice leaf indicated that both the salicylaldehyde core and side chain were necessary for phytotoxic activity. The fungus is found to produce optically active phytotoxins when incubated with rotary shaker, but racemic ones when cultured using an aerated jar fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nagashima
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sasaki
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoya Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Onoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuki Kuwana
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Sato
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Minoru Izumi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Hiromasa Kiyota
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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16
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Hou H, Fang J, Liang J, Diao Z, Wang W, Yang D, Li S, Tang D. OsExo70B1 Positively Regulates Disease Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7049. [PMID: 32992695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The exocyst, an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex, mediates tethering of vesicles to the plasma membrane in the early stage of exocytosis. Arabidopsis Exo70, a subunit of the exocyst complex, has been found to be involved in plant immunity. Here, we characterize the function of OsExo70B1 in rice. OsExo70B1 mainly expresses in leaf and shoot and its expression is induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae). Knocking out OsExo70B1 results in significantly decreased resistance and defense responses to M. oryzae compared to the wild type, including more disease lesions and enhanced fungal growth, downregulated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, and decreased reactive oxygen species accumulation. In contrast, the exo70B1 mutant does not show any defects in growth and development. Furthermore, OsExo70B1 can interact with the receptor-like kinase OsCERK1, an essential component for chitin reception in rice. Taken together, our data demonstrate that OsExo70B1 functions as an important regulator in rice immunity.
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17
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Wei Y, Li L, Hu W, Ju H, Zhang M, Qin Q, Zhang S, Li G. Suppression of Rice Blast by Bacterial Strains Isolated from Cultivated Soda Saline-Sodic Soils. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5248. [PMID: 32708144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious rice diseases worldwide. Biological control is gaining popularity as a promising method for the control of this disease; however, more effective microbial strains with strong adaptability in rice fields need to be identified. Here, we report for the first time the successful identification of biocontrol bacterial strains from frozen soils of the soda saline-sodic land. We isolated 82 bacterial strains from rice fields in the western Songnen Plain of China, one of the three major soda saline soils in the world. Five of the isolated strains exhibited strong inhibition to M. oryzae growth. The potential strains were identified as Bacillus safensis JLS5, Pseudomonas koreensis JLS8, Pseudomonas saponiphila JLS10, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila JLS11 and Bacillus tequilensis JLS12, respectively, by 16s RNA gene sequence analysis. The antagonistic assay and the artificial inoculation tests showed that JLS5 and JLS12 could effectively inhibit conidial germination and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus, both preventively and curatively. The suppression of pathogenicity was further confirmed by greenhouse experiments, showing the effectiveness of JLS5 and JLS12 as a potential biological control agents of M. oryzae. The potential application of these cold-tolerant strains for rice blast control in cold regions is discussed. Our data suggest that soda saline-sodic soils are a rich source for biocontrol strain isolation.
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18
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Ngernmuen A, Suktrakul W, Kate-Ngam S, Jantasuriyarat C. Transcriptome Comparison of Defense Responses in the Rice Variety 'Jao Hom Nin' Regarding Two Blast Resistant Genes, Pish and Pik. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9060694. [PMID: 32485961 PMCID: PMC7356797 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Jao Hom Nin (JHN) is a Thai rice variety with broad-spectrum resistant against rice blast fungus. JHN contains two rice blast resistant genes, Pish and Pik, located on chromosome 1 and on chromosome 11, respectively. To understand the blast resistance in JHN, the study of the defense mechanism related to the Pish and Pik genes is crucial. This study aimed to dissect defense response genes between the Pish and Pik genes using the RNA-seq technique. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of Pish and Pik backcross inbred lines were identified between 0 and 24 h after inoculation with rice blast spore suspension. The results showed that 1248 and 858 DEGs were unique to the Pish and Pik lines, respectively. The wall-associated kinase gene was unique to the Pish line and the zinc-finger-containing protein gene was unique to the Pik line. Pathogenicity-related proteins PR-4 and PR-10 were commonly found in both Pish and Pik lines. Moreover, DEGs functionally categorized in brassinosteriod, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid pathways were detected in both Pish and Pik lines. These unique and shared genes in the Pish and Pik rice blast defense responses will help to dissect the mechanisms of plant defense and facilitate rice blast breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athipat Ngernmuen
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Worrawit Suktrakul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.N.); (W.S.)
| | - Sureeporn Kate-Ngam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand;
| | - Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (A.N.); (W.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-562-5444
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19
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Chaiharn M, Theantana T, Pathom-Aree W. Evaluation of Biocontrol Activities of Streptomyces spp. against Rice Blast Disease Fungi. Pathogens 2020; 9:E126. [PMID: 32075342 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere bacteria can positively influence plant growth by direct and indirect mechanisms. A total of 112 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice and tested for plant beneficial activities such as siderophore production, cell-wall-degrading enzyme production, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production and antifungal activity against rice blast disease fungus. The actinomycetes count was 3.8 × 106 CFU/g soil. Streptomyces strains PC 12, D 4.1, D 4.3 and W1 showed strong growth inhibition of blast disease fungus, Pyricularia sp. (87.3%, 82.2%, 80.0% and 80.5%) in vitro. Greenhouse experiments revealed that rice plants treated with Streptomyces strain PC 12 recorded maximum plant height, root length and root dry weight compared to the control. Taxonomic characterization of this strain on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence led to its identification as Streptomyces palmae PC 12. Streptomyces palmae PC 12 may be used as biofertilizer to enhance the growth and productivity of commercially important rice cultivar RD6 and the biocontrol of blast disease fungus.
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20
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Yang YH, Yang DS, Lei HM, Li CY, Li GH, Zhao PJ. Griseaketides A-D, New Aromatic Polyketides from the Pathogenic Fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010072. [PMID: 31878244 PMCID: PMC6982942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe grisea is the causal agent of rice blast disease, which is the most serious disease of cultivated rice. Aromatic polyketides are its typical metabolites and are involved in the infection process. In the search for novel lead compounds, chemical investigation of the fungus M. grisea M639 has led to the isolation of four new aromatic polyketides (salicylaldehyde skeleton bearing an unsaturated side chain), griseaketides A–D (1–4), as well as 15 known compounds (5–19). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HR-MS, 2D NMR. Compound 12 showed prominent activity that killed 94.5% of C. elegans at 400 ppm and 66.9% at 200 ppm over 24 h. This is the first report describing the nematicidal activity of this type aromatic polyketide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-He Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Institute of Entomoceutics Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Da-Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Institute of Entomoceutics Research, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Hong-Mei Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Guo-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (G.-H.L.); (P.-J.Z.); Tel.: +86-871-6503-2538 (G.-H.L.); +86-871-6503-1092 (P.-J.Z.)
| | - Pei-Ji Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (G.-H.L.); (P.-J.Z.); Tel.: +86-871-6503-2538 (G.-H.L.); +86-871-6503-1092 (P.-J.Z.)
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21
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Varden FA, Saitoh H, Yoshino K, Franceschetti M, Kamoun S, Terauchi R, Banfield MJ. Cross-reactivity of a rice NLR immune receptor to distinct effectors from the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae provides partial disease resistance. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13006-13016. [PMID: 31296569 PMCID: PMC6721932 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional integrated domains in plant intracellular immune receptors of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) type can directly bind translocated effector proteins from pathogens and thereby initiate an immune response. The rice (Oryza sativa) immune receptor pairs Pik-1/Pik-2 and RGA5/RGA4 both use integrated heavy metal-associated (HMA) domains to bind the effectors AVR–Pik and AVR–Pia, respectively, from the rice blast fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. These effectors both belong to the MAX effector family and share a core structural fold, despite being divergent in sequence. How integrated domains in NLRs maintain specificity of effector recognition, even of structurally similar effectors, has implications for understanding plant immune receptor evolution and function. Here, using plant cell death and pathogenicity assays and protein–protein interaction analyses, we show that the rice NLR pair Pikp-1/Pikp-2 triggers an immune response leading to partial disease resistance toward the “mis-matched” effector AVR–Pia in planta and that the Pikp–HMA domain binds AVR–Pia in vitro. We observed that the HMA domain from another Pik-1 allele, Pikm, cannot bind AVR–Pia, and it does not trigger a plant response. The crystal structure of Pikp–HMA bound to AVR–Pia at 1.9 Å resolution revealed a binding interface different from those formed with AVR–Pik effectors, suggesting plasticity in integrated domain-effector interactions. The results of our work indicate that a single NLR immune receptor can bait multiple pathogen effectors via an integrated domain, insights that may enable engineering plant immune receptors with extended disease resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya A Varden
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromasa Saitoh
- Laboratory of Plant Symbiotic and Parasitic Microbes, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Kae Yoshino
- Laboratory of Plant Symbiotic and Parasitic Microbes, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Marina Franceschetti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ryohei Terauchi
- Division of Genomics and Breeding, Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Iwate 024-0003, Japan; Laboratory of Crop Evolution, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mark J Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom.
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22
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Meng Q, Gupta R, Min CW, Kwon SW, Wang Y, Je BI, Kim YJ, Jeon JS, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Kim ST. Proteomics of Rice- Magnaporthe oryzae Interaction: What Have We Learned So Far? Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1383. [PMID: 31737011 PMCID: PMC6828948 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the major constraints to rice production, which feeds half of the world's population. Proteomic technologies have been used as effective tools in plant-pathogen interactions to study the biological pathways involved in pathogen infection, plant response, and disease progression. Advancements in mass spectrometry (MS) and apoplastic and plasma membrane protein isolation methods facilitated the identification and quantification of subcellular proteomes during plant-pathogen interaction. Proteomic studies conducted during rice-M. oryzae interaction have led to the identification of several proteins eminently involved in pathogen perception, signal transduction, and the adjustment of metabolism to prevent plant disease. Some of these proteins include receptor-like kinases (RLKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and proteins related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and scavenging, hormone signaling, photosynthesis, secondary metabolism, protein degradation, and other defense responses. Moreover, post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphoproteomics and ubiquitin proteomics, during rice-M. oryzae interaction are also summarized in this review. In essence, proteomic studies carried out to date delineated the molecular mechanisms underlying rice-M. oryzae interactions and provided candidate proteins for the breeding of rice blast resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Meng
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Cheol Woo Min
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Soon Wook Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Byoung Il Je
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Birgunj, Nepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sun Tae Kim,
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23
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Littlejohn GR. SUMO enters the ring: the emerging role of SUMOylation in Magnaporthe oryzae pathogenicity. New Phytol 2018; 219:848-849. [PMID: 29998531 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George R Littlejohn
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Portland Square Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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24
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Chandran V, Wang H, Gao F, Cao XL, Chen YP, Li GB, Zhu Y, Yang XM, Zhang LL, Zhao ZX, Zhao JH, Wang YG, Li S, Fan J, Li Y, Zhao JQ, Li SQ, Wang WM. miR396- OsGRFs Module Balances Growth and Rice Blast Disease-Resistance. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1999. [PMID: 30693011 PMCID: PMC6339958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fitness cost is a common phenomenon in rice blast disease-resistance breeding. MiR396 is a highly conserved microRNA (miRNA) family targeting Growth Regulating Factor (OsGRF) genes. Mutation at the target site of miR396 in certain OsGRF gene or blocking miR396 expression leads to increased grain yield. Here we demonstrated that fitness cost can be trade-off in miR396-OsGRFs module via balancing growth and immunity against the blast fungus. The accumulation of miR396 isoforms was significantly increased in a susceptible accession, but fluctuated in a resistant accession upon infection of Magnaporthe oryzae. The transgenic lines over-expressing different miR396 isoforms were highly susceptible to M. oryzae. In contrast, overexpressing target mimicry of miR396 to block its function led to enhanced resistance to M. oryzae in addition to improved yield traits. Moreover, transgenic plants overexpressing OsGRF6, OsGRF7, OsGRF8, and OsGRF9 exhibited enhanced resistance to M. oryzae, but showed different alteration of growth. While overexpression of OsGRF7 led to defects in growth, overexpression of OsGRF6, OsGRF8, and OsGRF9 resulted in better or no significant change of yield traits. Collectively, our results indicate that miR396 negatively regulates rice blast disease- resistance via suppressing multiple OsGRFs, which in turn differentially control growth and yield. Therefore, miR396-OsGRFs could be a potential module to demolish fitness cost in rice blast disease-resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - He Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Long Cao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Bang Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Mei Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Xue Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Hao Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Ge Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Qun Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shao-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Heterosis in Indica Rice of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shao-Qing Li, Wen-Ming Wang,
| | - Wen-Ming Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Shao-Qing Li, Wen-Ming Wang,
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25
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Dubey A, Jeon J. Epigenetic regulation of development and pathogenesis in fungal plant pathogens. Mol Plant Pathol 2017; 18:887-898. [PMID: 27749982 PMCID: PMC6638268 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidently, epigenetics is at forefront in explaining the mechanisms underlying the success of human pathogens and in the identification of pathogen-induced modifications within host plants. However, there is a lack of studies highlighting the role of epigenetics in the modulation of the growth and pathogenicity of fungal plant pathogens. In this review, we attempt to highlight and discuss the role of epigenetics in the regulation of the growth and pathogenicity of fungal phytopathogens using Magnaporthe oryzae, a devastating fungal plant pathogen, as a model system. With the perspective of wide application in the understanding of the development, pathogenesis and control of other fungal pathogens, we attempt to provide a synthesized view of the epigenetic studies conducted on M. oryzae to date. First, we discuss the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in M. oryzae and their impact on fungal development and pathogenicity. Second, we highlight the unexplored epigenetic mechanisms and areas of research that should be considered in the near future to construct a holistic view of epigenetic functioning in M. oryzae and other fungal plant pathogens. Importantly, the development of a complete understanding of the modulation of epigenetic regulation in fungal pathogens can help in the identification of target points to combat fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Dubey
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk38541South Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk38541South Korea
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26
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Lee Y. Lysimachia foenum-graecum Herba Extract, a Novel Biopesticide, Inhibits ABC Transporter Genes and Mycelial Growth of Magnaporthe oryzae. Plant Pathol J 2016; 32:8-15. [PMID: 26889110 PMCID: PMC4755670 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.08.2015.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To identify a novel biopesticide controlling rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, 700 plant extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of M. oryzae. The L. foenum-graecum Herba extract showed the lowest inhibition concentration (IC50) of 39.28 μg/ml, which is lower than the IC50 of blasticidin S (63.06 μg/ml), a conventional fungicide for rice blast disease. When treatments were combined, the IC50 of blasticidin S was dramatically reduced to 10.67 μg/ml. Since ABC transporter genes are involved in fungicide resistance of many organisms, we performed RT-PCR to investigate the transcriptional changes of 40 ABC transporter family genes of M. oryzae treated with the plant extract, blasticidin S, and tetrandrine, a recognized ABC transporter inhibitor. Four ABC transporter genes were prominently activated by blasticidin S treatment, but were suppressed by combinational treatment of blasticidin S with the plant extract, or with tetrandrine that didn't show cellular toxicity by itself in this study. Mycelial death was detected via confocal microscopy at 24 h after plant extract treatment. Finally, subsequent rice field study revealed that the plant extract had high control efficacy of 63.3% and should be considered a biopesticide for rice blast disease. These results showed that extract of L. foenum graecum Herba suppresses M. oryzae ABC transporter genes inducing mycelial death and therefore may be a potent novel biopesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Lee
- Corresponding author. Phone) +82-62-970-0165, FAX) +82-62-970-0165, C.P. +82-10-6633-2035, E-mail)
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27
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Yuan Z, He H, Yang H, Qu H, Ma C, Qu S. Transcriptome Analysis Highlights Defense and Signaling Pathways Mediated by Rice pi21 Gene with Partial Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1834. [PMID: 28008334 PMCID: PMC5143348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. The pi21 gene confers partial and durable resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of resistance mediated by the loss-of-function of Pi21. In this study, comparative transcriptome profiling of the Pi21-RNAi transgenic rice line and Nipponbare with M. oryzae infection at different time points (0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi) were investigated using RNA sequencing. The results generated 43,222 unique genes mapped to the rice genome. In total, 1109 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the Pi21-RNAi line and Nipponbare with M. oryzae infection, with 103, 281, 209, 69, and 678 DEGs at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hpi, respectively. Functional analysis showed that most of the DEGs were involved in metabolism, transport, signaling, and defense. Among the genes assigned to plant-pathogen interaction, we identified 43 receptor kinase genes associated with pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognition and calcium ion influx. The expression levels of brassinolide-insensitive 1, flagellin sensitive 2, and elongation factor Tu receptor, ethylene (ET) biosynthesis and signaling genes, were higher in the Pi21-RNAi line than Nipponbare. This suggested that there was a more robust PTI response in Pi21-RNAi plants and that ET signaling was important to rice blast resistance. We also identified 53 transcription factor genes, including WRKY, NAC, DOF, and ERF families that show differential expression between the two genotypes. This study highlights possible candidate genes that may serve a function in the partial rice blast resistance mediated by the loss-of-function of Pi21 and increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in partial resistance against M. oryzae.
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28
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Ashkani S, Rafii MY, Shabanimofrad M, Miah G, Sahebi M, Azizi P, Tanweer FA, Akhtar MS, Nasehi A. Molecular Breeding Strategy and Challenges Towards Improvement of Blast Disease Resistance in Rice Crop. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:886. [PMID: 26635817 PMCID: PMC4644793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple and most important security food crop consumed by almost half of the world's population. More rice production is needed due to the rapid population growth in the world. Rice blast caused by the fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of this crop in different part of the world. Breakdown of blast resistance is the major cause of yield instability in several rice growing areas. There is a need to develop strategies providing long-lasting disease resistance against a broad spectrum of pathogens, giving protection for a long time over a broad geographic area, promising for sustainable rice production in the future. So far, molecular breeding approaches involving DNA markers, such as QTL mapping, marker-aided selection, gene pyramiding, allele mining and genetic transformation have been used to develop new resistant rice cultivars. Such techniques now are used as a low-cost, high-throughput alternative to conventional methods allowing rapid introgression of disease resistance genes into susceptible varieties as well as the incorporation of multiple genes into individual lines for more durable blast resistance. The paper briefly reviewed the progress of studies on this aspect to provide the interest information for rice disease resistance breeding. This review includes examples of how advanced molecular method have been used in breeding programs for improving blast resistance. New information and knowledge gained from previous research on the recent strategy and challenges towards improvement of blast disease such as pyramiding disease resistance gene for creating new rice varieties with high resistance against multiple diseases will undoubtedly provide new insights into the rice disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Ashkani
- Laboratory of Food Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Yadegar –e- Imam Khomeini RAH Shahre-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad UniversityTehran, Iran
| | - Mohd Y. Rafii
- Laboratory of Food Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Gous Miah
- Laboratory of Food Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
| | - Mahbod Sahebi
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Azizi
- Laboratory of Food Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
| | - Fatah A. Tanweer
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University TandojamSindh, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Sayeed Akhtar
- Laboratory of Plantation Crops, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
- Department of Botany, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam CollegeShahjahanpur, India
| | - Abbas Nasehi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang, Malaysia
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29
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Maqbool A, Saitoh H, Franceschetti M, Stevenson CEM, Uemura A, Kanzaki H, Kamoun S, Terauchi R, Banfield MJ. Structural basis of pathogen recognition by an integrated HMA domain in a plant NLR immune receptor. eLife 2015; 4:e08709. [PMID: 26304198 PMCID: PMC4547098 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved intracellular immune receptors to detect pathogen proteins known as effectors. How these immune receptors detect effectors remains poorly understood. Here we describe the structural basis for direct recognition of AVR-Pik, an effector from the rice blast pathogen, by the rice intracellular NLR immune receptor Pik. AVR-PikD binds a dimer of the Pikp-1 HMA integrated domain with nanomolar affinity. The crystal structure of the Pikp-HMA/AVR-PikD complex enabled design of mutations to alter protein interaction in yeast and in vitro, and perturb effector-mediated response both in a rice cultivar containing Pikp and upon expression of AVR-PikD and Pikp in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. These data reveal the molecular details of a recognition event, mediated by a novel integrated domain in an NLR, which initiates a plant immune response and resistance to rice blast disease. Such studies underpin novel opportunities for engineering disease resistance to plant pathogens in staple food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maqbool
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - H Saitoh
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Japan
| | - M Franceschetti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - CEM Stevenson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - A Uemura
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Japan
| | - H Kanzaki
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Japan
| | - S Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - R Terauchi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Japan
| | - MJ Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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30
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Wang D, Qin Y, Han J, Zhang L, Xu X, Liu X, Wang C, Liu X. Expression analysis of innate immunity related genes in the true/field blast resistance gene-mediated defence response. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:999-1007. [PMID: 26740780 PMCID: PMC4697195 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.978664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice blast resistance (R) genes-mediated resistance response depends on various resistance-related genes involved in incompatible interactions. In this work, the expression profiles of innate rice immunity related genes were examined in the mediated resistance response of true/field resistance genes. Three sets of rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) were used: the resistant NILs carrying true resistance genes in the genetic background of the susceptible cultivar Nipponbare (NB), NB-Pib, NB-Pizt, NB-Pik and NB-Pita2; NILs bearing field resistance genes pi21 in the susceptible cultivar Aichiasahi (AA) AA-pi21, Kahei (KHR). The marker gene OsWRKY45 of salicylic acid (SA) signalling was upregulated in all tested cultivars. And, JAmyb (marker gene of jasmonic acid signalling) showed higher upregulation in the resistance lines with nucleotide-binding sites and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) R genes Pib, Pizt, Pik, Pita2 and Pikahei than in NB and KHS. SalT of abscisic acid (ABA) signalling may be involved in the R/Avr interaction, including Pizt, Pik, pi21 and Pikahei. However, SalT was shown to negatively regulate Pib/AvrPib interaction. OsPR1b and PBZ1 were differentially expressed and strongly activated at a later stage by 48 h post-inoculation. Interestingly, there was evidence that OsPR1b and PBZ1 played an important role in the pi21-mediated response. It was shown that OsRAR1 could be upregulated in the true resistance line NB-Pita2 and the field resistance line KHR, while OsSGT1 and OsHSP90 could be upregulated in all tested lines. The involvement of these genes illustrated the complexity of the downstream signalling pathways in the mediated resistance response of true/field resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debing Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Jingluan Han
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China; College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center of Jingzhou City , Jingzhou , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Xuequn Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Chuntai Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
| | - Xinqiong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan , Hubei , P.R. China
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31
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Gallet R, Bonnot F, Milazzo J, Tertois C, Adreit H, Ravigné V, Tharreau D, Fournier E. The variety mixture strategy assessed in a G × G experiment with rice and the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Front Genet 2014; 4:312. [PMID: 24474958 PMCID: PMC3893683 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent and devastating epidemics of parasites are one of the major issues encountered by modern agriculture. To manage the impact of pathogens, resistant plant varieties have been selected. However, resistances are overcome by parasites requiring the use of pesticides and causing new economical and food safety issues. A promising strategy to maintain the epidemic at a low level and hamper pathogen's adaptation to varietal resistance is the use of mixtures of varieties such that the mix will form a heterogeneous environment for the parasite. A way to find the good combination of varieties that will actually constitute a heterogeneous environment for pathogens is to look for genotype × genotype (G × G) interactions between pathogens and plant varieties. A pattern in which pathogens have a high fitness on one variety and a poor fitness on other varieties guarantees the efficiency of the mixture strategy. In the present article, we inoculated 18 different genotypes of the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae on three rice plant varieties showing different levels of partial resistance in order to find a variety combination compatible with the requirements of the variety mixture strategy, i.e., showing appropriate G × G interactions. We estimated the success of each plant-fungus interaction by measuring fungal fitness and three fungal life history traits: infection success, within-host growth, sporulation capacity. Our results show the existence of G × G interactions between the two varieties Ariete and CO39 on all measured traits and fungal fitness. We also observed that these varieties have different resistance mechanisms; Ariete is good at controlling infection success of the parasite but is not able to control its growth when inside the leaf, while CO39 shows the opposite pattern. We also found that Maratelli's resistance has been eroded. Finally, correlation analyses demonstrated that not all infectious traits are positively correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Gallet
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, UMR BGPI Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Fournier
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique, UMR BGPI Montpellier, France
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