1
|
Wang S, Xiong Y, Luo Y, Shen Y, Zhang F, Lan H, Pang Y, Wang X, Li X, Zheng X, Lu X, Liu X, Cheng Y, Wu T, Dong Y, Lu Y, Cui J, Jia X, Yang S, Wang L, Wang Y. Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify PKMYT1 as a therapeutic target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1115-1142. [PMID: 38570712 PMCID: PMC11099189 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with an overall 5-year survival rate of <12% due to the lack of effective treatments. Novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Here, PKMYT1 is identified through genome-wide CRISPR screens as a non-mutant, genetic vulnerability of PDAC. Higher PKMYT1 expression levels indicate poor prognosis in PDAC patients. PKMYT1 ablation inhibits tumor growth and proliferation in vitro and in vivo by regulating cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of PKMYT1 shows efficacy in multiple PDAC cell models and effectively induces tumor regression without overt toxicity in PDAC cell line-derived xenograft and in more clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft models. Mechanistically, in addition to its canonical function of phosphorylating CDK1, PKMYT1 functions as an oncogene to promote PDAC tumorigenesis by regulating PLK1 expression and phosphorylation. Finally, TP53 function and PRKDC activation are shown to modulate the sensitivity to PKMYT1 inhibition. These results define PKMYT1 dependency in PDAC and identify potential therapeutic strategies for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangjie Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanying Shen
- Department of Pathology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoqi Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhi Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufen Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Tanwen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiujie Cui
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaona Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 350001, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morgan KA, Wichmann CW, Osellame LD, Cao Z, Guo N, Scott AM, Donnelly PS. Tumor targeted alpha particle therapy with an actinium-225 labelled antibody for carbonic anhydrase IX. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3372-3381. [PMID: 38425522 PMCID: PMC10901495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06365h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective antibody targeted delivery of α particle emitting actinium-225 to tumors has significant therapeutic potential. This work highlights the design and synthesis of a new bifunctional macrocyclic diazacrown ether chelator, H2MacropaSqOEt, that can be conjugated to antibodies and forms stable complexes with actinium-225. The macrocyclic diazacrown ether chelator incorporates a linker comprised of a short polyethylene glycol fragment and a squaramide ester that allows selective reaction with lysine residues on antibodies to form stable vinylogous amide linkages. This new H2MacropaSqOEt chelator was used to modify a monoclonal antibody, girentuximab (hG250), that binds to carbonic anhydrase IX, an enzyme that is overexpressed on the surface of cancers such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This new antibody conjugate (H2MacropaSq-hG250) had an average chelator to antibody ratio of 4 : 1 and retained high affinity for carbonic anhydrase IX. H2MacropaSq-hG250 was radiolabeled quantitatively with [225Ac]AcIII within one minute at room temperature with micromolar concentrations of antibody and the radioactive complex is stable in human serum for >7 days. Evaluation of [225Ac]Ac(MacropaSq-hG250) in a mouse xenograft model, that overexpresses carbonic anhydrase IX, demonstrated a highly significant therapeutic response. It is likely that H2MacropaSqOEt could be used to modify other antibodies providing a readily adaptable platform for other actinium-225 based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Christian W Wichmann
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy Austin Health Melbourne Australia
| | - Laura D Osellame
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | - Nancy Guo
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy Austin Health Melbourne Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Atkinson J, Bezak E, Le H, Kempson I. DNA Double Strand Break and Response Fluorescent Assays: Choices and Interpretation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2227. [PMID: 38396904 PMCID: PMC10889524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately characterizing DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) and understanding the DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial for assessing cellular genotoxicity, maintaining genomic integrity, and advancing gene editing technologies. Immunofluorescence-based techniques have proven to be invaluable for quantifying and visualizing DSB repair, providing valuable insights into cellular repair processes. However, the selection of appropriate markers for analysis can be challenging due to the intricate nature of DSB repair mechanisms, often leading to ambiguous interpretations. This comprehensively summarizes the significance of immunofluorescence-based techniques, with their capacity for spatiotemporal visualization, in elucidating complex DDR processes. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of different markers, we identify where they are most relevant chronologically from DSB detection to repair, better contextualizing what each assay represents at a molecular level. This is valuable for identifying biases associated with each assay and facilitates accurate data interpretation. This review aims to improve the precision of DSB quantification, deepen the understanding of DDR processes, assay biases, and pathway choices, and provide practical guidance on marker selection. Each assay offers a unique perspective of the underlying processes, underscoring the need to select markers that are best suited to specific research objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Atkinson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Eva Bezak
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (E.B.)
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Hien Le
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia; (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fragkos M, Choleza M, Papadopoulou P. The Role of γH2AX in Replication Stress-induced Carcinogenesis: Possible Links and Recent Developments. Cancer Diagn Progn 2023; 3:639-648. [PMID: 37927801 PMCID: PMC10619570 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a condition characterized by genomic instability and gross chromosomal aberrations. The inability of the cell to timely and efficiently complete its replication cycle before entering mitosis is one of the most common causes of DNA damage and carcinogenesis. Phosphorylation of histone 2AX (H2AX) on S139 (γH2AX) is an indispensable step in the response to DNA damage, as it is required for the assembly of repair factors at the sites of damage. γH2AX is also a marker of DNA replication stress, mainly due to fork collapse that often follows prolonged replication stalling or repair of arrested forks, which involves the generation of DNA breaks. Although the role of γH2AX in the repair of DNA breaks has been well defined, the function of γH2AX in replicative stress remains unclear. In this review, we present the recent advances in the field of replication stress, and highlight a novel function for γH2AX that is independent of its role in the response to DNA damage. We discuss studies that support a role for γΗ2ΑΧ early in the response to replicative stress, which does not involve the repair of DNA breaks. We also highlight recent data proposing that γH2AX acts as a chromatin remodeling component, implicated in the efficient resolution of stalled replication forks. Understanding the mechanism by which γH2AX enables cellular recovery after replication stress will allow identification of novel cancer biomarkers, as well as new targets for cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Fragkos
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Deree-The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Choleza
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Deree-The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papadopoulou
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Deree-The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fontaine M, Bartolami E, Prono M, Béal D, Blosi M, Costa AL, Ravagli C, Baldi G, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Fenoglio I, Tran L, Fadeel B, Carriere M. Nanomaterial genotoxicity evaluation using the high-throughput p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) assay. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288737. [PMID: 37713377 PMCID: PMC10503773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity evaluation of engineered nanomaterials is challenging due to the ever increasing number of materials and because nanomaterials (NMs) frequently interfere with commonly used assays. Hence, there is a need for robust, high-throughput assays with which to assess their hazard potential. The present study aimed at evaluating the applicability of a genotoxicity assay based on the immunostaining and foci counting of the DNA repair protein 53BP1 (p53-binding protein 1), in a high-throughput format, for NM genotoxicity assessment. For benchmarking purposes, we first applied the assay to a set of eight known genotoxic agents, as well as X-ray irradiation (1 Gy). Then, a panel of NMs and nanobiomaterials (NBMs) was evaluated with respect to their impact on cell viability and genotoxicity, and to their potential to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The genotoxicity recorded using the 53BP1 assay was confirmed using the micronucleus assay, also scored via automated (high-throughput) microscopy. The 53BP1 assay successfully identified genotoxic compounds on the HCT116 human intestinal cell line. None of the tested NMs showed any genotoxicity using the 53BP1 assay, except the positive control consisting in (CoO)(NiO) NMs, while only TiO2 NMs showed positive outcome in the micronucleus assay. Only Fe3O4 NMs caused significant elevation of ROS, not correlated to DNA damage. Therefore, owing to its adequate predictivity of the genotoxicity of most of the tested benchmark substance and its ease of implementation in a high throughput format, the 53BP1 assay could be proposed as a complementary high-throughput screening genotoxicity assay, in the context of the development of New Approach Methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maelle Fontaine
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eline Bartolami
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Prono
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Béal
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Magda Blosi
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna L. Costa
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Costanza Ravagli
- Ce.Ri.Col, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L, Sovigliana-Vinci, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Ce.Ri.Col, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L, Sovigliana-Vinci, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Carriere
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kostyushev D, Brezgin S, Kostyusheva A, Ponomareva N, Bayurova E, Zakirova N, Kondrashova A, Goptar I, Nikiforova A, Sudina A, Babin Y, Gordeychuk I, Lukashev A, Zamyatnin AA, Ivanov A, Chulanov V. Transient and tunable CRISPRa regulation of APOBEC/AID genes for targeting hepatitis B virus. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 32:478-493. [PMID: 37187708 PMCID: PMC10176074 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
APOBEC/AID cytidine deaminases play an important role in innate immunity and antiviral defenses and were shown to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by deaminating and destroying the major form of HBV genome, covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), without toxicity to the infected cells. However, developing anti-HBV therapeutics based on APOBEC/AID is complicated by the lack of tools for activating and controlling their expression. Here, we developed a CRISPR-activation-based approach (CRISPRa) to induce APOBEC/AID transient overexpression (>4-800,000-fold increase in mRNA levels). Using this new strategy, we were able to control APOBEC/AID expression and monitor their effects on HBV replication, mutation, and cellular toxicity. CRISPRa prominently reduced HBV replication (∼90%-99% decline of viral intermediates), deaminated and destroyed cccDNA, but induced mutagenesis in cancer-related genes. By coupling CRISPRa with attenuated sgRNA technology, we demonstrate that APOBEC/AID activation can be precisely controlled, eliminating off-site mutagenesis in virus-containing cells while preserving prominent antiviral activity. This study untangles the differences in the effects of physiologically expressed APOBEC/AID on HBV replication and cellular genome, provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of HBV cccDNA mutagenesis, repair, and degradation, and, finally, presents a strategy for a tunable control of APOBEC/AID expression and for suppressing HBV replication without toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kostyushev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Corresponding author Dmitry Kostyushev, Laboratory of Genetic Technologies and Drug Development, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Brezgin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Kostyusheva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Ponomareva
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Bayurova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Zakirova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Kondrashova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Goptar
- Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 105275 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna Sudina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yurii Babin
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Gordeychuk
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune and Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 127994 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukashev
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7X, UK
| | - Alexander Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chulanov
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 127994 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tomita M, Torigata M, Ohchi T, Ito A. Observation of Histone H2AX Phosphorylation by Radiation-Induced Bystander Response Using Titanium Characteristic X-ray Microbeam. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12050734. [PMID: 37237546 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander response (RIBR) is a response induced in non-irradiated cells that receive bystander signals from directly irradiated cells. X-ray microbeams are useful tools for elucidating the mechanisms underlying RIBR. However, previous X-ray microbeams used low-energy soft X-rays with higher biological effects, such as aluminum characteristic X-rays, and the difference from conventional X-rays and γ-rays has often been discussed. The microbeam X-ray cell irradiation system at the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry has been upgraded to generate higher energy titanium characteristic X-rays (TiK X-rays), which have a longer penetration distance sufficient to irradiate 3D cultured tissues. Using this system, we irradiated the nuclei of HeLa cells with high precision and found that the pan-nuclear induction of phosphorylated histone H2AX on serine 139 (γ-H2AX) in the non-irradiated cells increased 180 and 360 min after irradiation. We established a new method to quantitatively evaluate bystander cells, using the fluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX as an indicator. The percentage of bystander cells increased significantly to 23.2% ± 3.2% and 29.3% ± 3.5% at 180 and 360 min after irradiation, respectively. Our irradiation system and the obtained results may be useful for studies of cell competition as well as non-targeted effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tomita
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
| | - Masaya Torigata
- School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ohchi
- NTT Advanced Technology Co., Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0124, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim CJ, Gonye AL, Truskowski K, Lee CF, Cho YK, Austin RH, Pienta KJ, Amend SR. Nuclear morphology predicts cell survival to cisplatin chemotherapy. Neoplasia 2023; 42:100906. [PMID: 37172462 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of chemotherapy resistance drives cancer lethality in cancer patients, with treatment initially reducing overall tumor burden followed by resistant recurrent disease. While molecular mechanisms underlying resistance phenotypes have been explored, less is known about the cell biological characteristics of cancer cells that survive to eventually seed the recurrence. To identify the unique phenotypic characteristics associated with survival upon chemotherapy exposure, we characterized nuclear morphology and function as prostate cancer cells recovered following cisplatin treatment. Cells that survived in the days and weeks after treatment and resisted therapy-induced cell death showed increasing cell size and nuclear size, enabled by continuous endocycling resulting in repeated whole genome doubling. We further found that cells that survive after therapy release were predominantly mononucleated and likely employ more efficient DNA damage repair. Finally, we show that surviving cancer cells exhibit a distinct nucleolar phenotype and increased rRNA levels. These data support a paradigm where soon after therapy release, the treated population mostly contains cells with a high level of widespread and catastrophic DNA damage that leads to apoptosis, while the minority of cells that have successful DDR are more likely to access a pro-survival state. These findings are consistent with accession of the polyaneuploid cancer cell (PACC) state, a recently described mechanism of therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Our findings demonstrate the fate of cancer cells following cisplatin treatment and define key cell phenotypic characteristics of the PACC state. This work is essential for understanding and, ultimately, targeting cancer resistance and recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ju Kim
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Anna Lk Gonye
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kevin Truskowski
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cheng-Fan Lee
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Building 103, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert H Austin
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Washington Rd., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah R Amend
- Cancer Ecology Center, The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Voulgaridou GP, Theologidis V, Venetikidou M, Tsochantaridis I, Tsolou A, Koffa M, Panayiotidis MI, Pappa A. Investigating the Functional Roles of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 3A1 in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065845. [PMID: 36982917 PMCID: PMC10056195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) oxidizes medium-chain aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. It is expressed at high rates in the human cornea, where it has been characterized as a multi-functional protein displaying various cytoprotective modes of action. Previous studies identified its association with the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Here, we utilized a stable transfected HCE-2 (human corneal epithelium) cell line expressing ALDH3A1, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective role(s) of ALDH3A1. Our data revealed morphological differences among the ALDH3A1-expressing and the mock-transfected HCE-2 cells accompanied by differential expression of E-cadherin. Similarly, the ALDH3A1/HCE-2 cells demonstrated higher mobility, reduced proliferation, upregulation of ZEB1, and downregulation of CDK3, and p57. The expression of ALDH3A1 also affected cell cycle progression by inducing the sequestration of HCE-2 cells at the G2/M phase. Following 16 h cell treatments with either H2O2 or etoposide, a significantly lower percentage of ALDH3A1/HCE-2 cells were apoptotic compared to the respective treated mock/HCE-2 cells. Interestingly, the protective effect of ALDH3A1 expression under these oxidative and genotoxic conditions was accompanied by a reduced formation of γ-H2AX foci and higher levels of total and phospho (Ser15) p53. Finally, ALDH3A1 was found to be localized both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of transfected HCE-2 cells. Its cellular compartmentalization was not affected by oxidant treatment, while the mechanism by which ALDH3A1 translocates to the nucleus remains unknown. In conclusion, ALDH3A1 protects cells from both apoptosis and DNA damage by interacting with key homeostatic mechanisms associated with cellular morphology, cell cycle, and DDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Persephoni Voulgaridou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasileios Theologidis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Venetikidou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ilias Tsochantaridis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Solarczyk K, Kordon-Kiszala M. Let’s not take DNA breaks for granted. The importance of direct detection of DNA breaks for the successful development of DDR inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1118716. [PMID: 36968210 PMCID: PMC10034645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful development of a drug candidate requires availability of robust methods that enable precise and quantitative assessment of the biological effects exerted by the molecule of interest. In case of DNA Damage Response inhibitors, the most proximal readout of their efficiency is the level of induced DNA damage, usually - DNA breaks. Here we review the methods that are currently used for the assessment of the level of DNA damage, with special attention to their specificity and sensitivity. We also discuss the most common problems and challenges related to the classic IF or IHC methods that indirectly report on the activation of DNA repair mechanisms as the downstream effects of occurrence of the DNA lesions. Finally, we highlight the advent of new tools, such as STRIDE, which have the potential to transform the landscape of DDR functional biomarkers.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nolte EM, Joubert AM, Lafanechère L, Mercier AE. Radiosensitization of Breast Cancer Cells with a 2-Methoxyestradiol Analogue Affects DNA Damage and Repair Signaling In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation resistance and radiation-related side effects warrant research into alternative strategies in the application of this modality to cancer treatment. Designed in silico to improve the pharmacokinetics and anti-cancer properties of 2-methoxyestradiol, 2-ethyl-3-O-sulfamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) disrupts microtubule dynamics and induces apoptosis. Here, we investigated whether pre-exposure of breast cancer cells to low-dose ESE-16 would affect radiation-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and the consequent repair pathways. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and BT-20 cells were exposed to sub-lethal doses of ESE-16 for 24 h before 8 Gy radiation. Flow cytometric quantification of Annexin V, clonogenic studies, micronuclei quantification, assessment of histone H2AX phosphorylation and Ku70 expression were performed to assess cell viability, DNA damage, and repair pathways, in both directly irradiated cells and cells treated with conditioned medium. A small increase in apoptosis was observed as an early consequence, with significant repercussions on long-term cell survival. Overall, a greater degree of DNA damage was detected. Moreover, initiation of the DNA-damage repair response was delayed, with a subsequent sustained elevation. Radiation-induced bystander effects induced similar pathways and were initiated via intercellular signaling. These results justify further investigation of ESE-16 as a radiation-sensitizing agent since pre-exposure appears to augment the response of tumor cells to radiation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bobyk L, Vianna F, Martinez JS, Gruel G, Benderitter M, Baldeyron C. Differential Recruitment of DNA Repair Proteins KU70/80 and RAD51 upon Microbeam Irradiation with α-Particles. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:1652. [PMID: 36421365 PMCID: PMC9687314 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In addition to representing a significant part of the natural background radiation exposure, α-particles are thought to be a powerful tool for targeted radiotherapy treatments. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of recognition, signaling, and repair of α-particle-induced DNA damage is not only important in assessing the risk associated with human exposure, but can also potentially help in identifying ways of improving the efficacy of radiation treatment. α-particles (He2+ ions), as well as other types of ionizing radiation, and can cause a wide variety of DNA lesions, including DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In mammalian cells, DNA DSBs can be repaired by two major pathways: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Here, we investigated their dynamics in mouse NIH-3T3 cells through the recruitment of key proteins, such as the KU heterodimer for NHEJ and RAD51 for HR upon localized α-particle irradiation. To deliver α-particles, we used the MIRCOM microbeam, which allows targeting of subnuclear structures with submicron accuracy. Using mouse NIH-3T3 cells, we found that the KU heterodimer is recruited much earlier at DNA damage sites marked by H2AX phosphorylation than RAD51. We also observed that the difference in the response of the KU complex and RAD51 is not only in terms of time, but also in function of the chromatin nature. The use of a microbeam such as MIRCOM, represents a powerful tool to study more precisely the cellular response to ionizing irradiation in a spatiotemporal fashion at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bobyk
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - François Vianna
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherches en Dosimétrie (SDOS), Laboratoire de Micro-Irradiation, de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), F-13115 Cadarache, France
| | - Juan S. Martinez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Gaëtan Gruel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Céline Baldeyron
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuthala N, Shanmugam M, Yao CL, Chiang CS, Hwang KC. One step synthesis of 10B-enriched 10BPO4 nanoparticles for effective boron neutron capture therapeutic treatment of recurrent head-and-neck tumor. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Baiocco G, Bartzsch S, Conte V, Friedrich T, Jakob B, Tartas A, Villagrasa C, Prise KM. A matter of space: how the spatial heterogeneity in energy deposition determines the biological outcome of radiation exposure. Radiat Environ Biophys 2022; 61:545-559. [PMID: 36220965 PMCID: PMC9630194 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of the exposure of living organisms to ionizing radiation is determined by the distribution of the associated energy deposition at different spatial scales. Radiation proceeds through ionizations and excitations of hit molecules with an ~ nm spacing. Approaches such as nanodosimetry/microdosimetry and Monte Carlo track-structure simulations have been successfully adopted to investigate radiation quality effects: they allow to explore correlations between the spatial clustering of such energy depositions at the scales of DNA or chromosome domains and their biological consequences at the cellular level. Physical features alone, however, are not enough to assess the entity and complexity of radiation-induced DNA damage: this latter is the result of an interplay between radiation track structure and the spatial architecture of chromatin, and further depends on the chromatin dynamic response, affecting the activation and efficiency of the repair machinery. The heterogeneity of radiation energy depositions at the single-cell level affects the trade-off between cell inactivation and induction of viable mutations and hence influences radiation-induced carcinogenesis. In radiation therapy, where the goal is cancer cell inactivation, the delivery of a homogenous dose to the tumour has been the traditional approach in clinical practice. However, evidence is accumulating that introducing heterogeneity with spatially fractionated beams (mini- and microbeam therapy) can lead to significant advantages, particularly in sparing normal tissues. Such findings cannot be explained in merely physical terms, and their interpretation requires considering the scales at play in the underlying biological mechanisms, suggesting a systemic response to radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Baiocco
- Radiation Biophysics and Radiobiology Group, Physics Department, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Stefan Bartzsch
- Institute for Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valeria Conte
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare INFN, Laboratori Nazionali Di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Burkhard Jakob
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrianna Tartas
- Biomedical Physics Division, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carmen Villagrasa
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ming X, Chen H, Yang Y, Zhao P, Sun L, Zhang C, Shin H, Lee J, Jung Y, Qian Y. Porcine Enteric Coronavirus PEDV Induces the ROS-ATM and Caspase7-CAD-γH2AX Signaling Pathways to Foster Its Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:1782. [PMID: 36016404 PMCID: PMC9413700 DOI: 10.3390/v14081782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which eukaryotic cells sense DNA lesions caused by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, including virus infection. Although interactions between DNA viruses and DDR have been extensively studied, how RNA viruses, especially coronaviruses, regulate DDR remains unknown. A previous study showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus in the Coronaviridae family, induces DDR in infected cells. However, the underlying mechanism was unclear. This study showed that PEDV activates the ATM-Chk2 signaling, while inhibition of ATM or Chk2 dampens the early stage of PEDV infection. Additionally, we found that PEDV-activated ATM signaling correlates with intracellular ROS production. Interestingly, we showed that, unlike the typical γH2AX foci, PEDV infection leads to a unique γH2AX staining pattern, including phase I (nuclear ring staining), II (pan-nuclear staining), and III (co-staining with apoptotic bodies), which highly resembles the apoptosis process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PEDV-induced H2AX phosphorylation depends on the activation of caspase-7 and caspase-activated DNAse (CAD), but not ATM-Chk2. Finally, we showed that the knockdown of H2AX attenuates PEDV replication. Taken together, we conclude that PEDV induces DDR through the ROS-ATM and caspase7-CAD-γH2AX signaling pathways to foster its early replication.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bukowski K, Marciniak B, Kciuk M, Mojzych M, Kontek R. Pyrazolo[4,3- e]tetrazolo[1,5- b][1,2,4]triazine Sulfonamides as Novel Potential Anticancer Agents: Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Activities In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:3761. [PMID: 35744887 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present for the first time the evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of de novo synthesized pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazine sulfonamides MM129, MM130, and MM131 in human tumor cell lines: HeLa, HCT 116, PC-3, and BxPC-3. Cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of the tested compounds were estimated using the MTT assay, comet assay (alkaline and neutral version), and γ-H2AX immuno-staining. Examined sulfonamides exhibited strong anticancer properties towards tested cells in a very low concentration range (IC50 = 0.17-1.15 μM) after 72 h exposure time. The results of the alkaline and neutral version of the comet assay following 24 h incubation of the cells with tested compounds demonstrated the capability of heterocycles to induce significant DNA damage in exposed cells. HCT 116 cells were the most sensitive to the genotoxic activity of novel tricyclic pyrazolo[4,3-e]tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazine sulfonamides in the neutral version of the comet assay. Immunocytochemical detection of γ-H2AX showed an increase in DNA DSBs level in the HCT 116 cell line, after 24 h incubation with all tested compounds, confirming the results obtained in the neutral comet assay. Among all investigated compounds, MM131 showed the strongest cytotoxic and genotoxic activity toward all tested cell types. In conclusion, our results suggest that MM129, MM130, and MM131 exhibit high cytotoxic and genotoxic potential in vitro, especially towards the colorectal cancer cell line HCT 116. However, further investigations and analyses are required for their future implementation in the field of medicine.
Collapse
|
17
|
Scherthan H, Wagner SQ, Grundhöfer J, Matejka N, Müller J, Müller S, Rudigkeit S, Sammer M, Schoof S, Port M, Reindl J. Planar Proton Minibeam Irradiation Elicits Spatially Confined DNA Damage in a Human Epidermis Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061545. [PMID: 35326696 PMCID: PMC8946044 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High doses of ionizing radiation in radiotherapy can elicit undesirable side effects to the skin. Proton minibeam radiotherapy (pMBRT) may circumvent such limitations due to tissue-sparing effects observed at the macro scale. Here, we mapped DNA damage dynamics in a 3D tissue context at the sub-cellular level. Methods: Epidermis models were irradiated with planar proton minibeams of 66 µm, 408 µm and 920 µm widths and inter-beam-distances of 2.5 mm at an average dose of 2 Gy using the scanning-ion-microscope SNAKE in Garching, GER. γ-H2AX + 53BP1 and cleaved-caspase-3 immunostaining revealed dsDNA damage and cell death, respectively, in time courses from 0.5 to 72 h after irradiation. Results: Focused 66 µm pMBRT induced sharply localized severe DNA damage (pan-γ-H2AX) in cells at the dose peaks, while damage in the dose valleys was similar to sham control. pMBRT with 408 µm and 920 µm minibeams induced DSB foci in all cells. At 72 h after irradiation, DNA damage had reached sham levels, indicating successful DNA repair. Increased frequencies of active-caspase-3 and pan-γ-H2AX-positive cells revealed incipient cell death at late time points. Conclusions: The spatially confined distribution of DNA damage appears to underlie the tissue-sparing effect after focused pMBRT. Thus, pMBRT may be the method of choice in radiotherapy to reduce side effects to the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Scherthan
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Stephanie-Quinta Wagner
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Jan Grundhöfer
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Nicole Matejka
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Jessica Müller
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Steffen Müller
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarah Rudigkeit
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Sammer
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarah Schoof
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Matthias Port
- Institut für Radiobiologie der Bundeswehr in Verb. mit der Universität Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937 München, Germany; (S.-Q.W.); (J.M.); (S.M.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Judith Reindl
- Angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (N.M.); (J.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lai L, Wang Y, Peng S, Guo W, Li F, Xu S. P53 and taurine upregulated gene 1 promotes the repair of the DeoxyriboNucleic Acid damage induced by bupivacaine in murine primary sensory neurons. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7439-7456. [PMID: 35271399 PMCID: PMC9208530 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2048985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The research aimed to explore the biological role of p53 protein and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in bupivacaine (bup)-induced neurotoxicity. Our work treated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells with bup, detected cell viability through CCK-8, apoptosis through TUNEL assays, DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) damage through γ-H2AX protein and comet assay, including p53 mRNA, protein and TUG1 expression through q-PCR and western blot, furthermore, cell viability and DNA damage were determined after the silencing of p53 and TUG1, biological information and TUG1 FISH combined with p53 protein immunofluorescence (IF) was performed to determine the cellular localization of these molecule. In vivo experiments, we explored the impact of intrathecal injection of bup on p53 mRNA and protein, TUG1, γ-H2AX protein expression. The results showed that bup was available to signally decreased cell viability, promoted apoptosis rate and DNA damage, additionally, bup increased p53 mRNA and protein and TUG1 expression. P53 siRNA and TUG1 siRNA significantly increased DNA damage. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and colocalization experiments revealed that the p53 protein is a transcription factor of TUG1, in vivo experiment, intrathecal injection of bup increased the p53 mRNA, p53 protein, TUG1 and γ-H2AX protein in the murine DRG. In this study, it was found p53 and TUG1 promote the repair of the DNA damage induced by bup in murine dorsal root ganglion cells, suggesting a new strategy for the amelioration of bup-induced neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luying Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shenghui Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fengxian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quek H, Cuní-López C, Stewart R, Colletti T, Notaro A, Nguyen TH, Sun Y, Guo CC, Lupton MK, Roberts TL, Lim YC, Oikari LE, La Bella V, White AR. ALS monocyte-derived microglia-like cells reveal cytoplasmic TDP-43 accumulation, DNA damage, and cell-specific impairment of phagocytosis associated with disease progression. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:58. [PMID: 35227277 PMCID: PMC8887023 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterised by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation mediated by microglia contributes to ALS pathogenesis. This microglial activation is evident in post-mortem brain tissues and neuroimaging data from patients with ALS. However, the role of microglia in the pathogenesis and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remains unclear, partly due to the lack of a model system that is able to faithfully recapitulate the clinical pathology of ALS. To address this shortcoming, we describe an approach that generates monocyte-derived microglia-like cells that are capable of expressing molecular markers, and functional characteristics similar to in vivo human brain microglia.
Methods
In this study, we have established monocyte-derived microglia-like cells from 30 sporadic patients with ALS, including 15 patients with slow disease progression, 6 with intermediate progression, and 9 with rapid progression, together with 20 non-affected healthy controls.
Results
We demonstrate that patient monocyte-derived microglia-like cells recapitulate canonical pathological features of ALS including non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated-TDP-43-positive inclusions. Moreover, ALS microglia-like cells showed significantly impaired phagocytosis, altered cytokine profiles, and abnormal morphologies consistent with a neuroinflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, all ALS microglia-like cells showed abnormal phagocytosis consistent with the progression of the disease. In-depth analysis of ALS microglia-like cells from the rapid disease progression cohort revealed significantly altered cell-specific variation in phagocytic function. In addition, DNA damage and NOD-leucine rich repeat and pyrin containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity were also elevated in ALS patient monocyte-derived microglia-like cells, indicating a potential new pathway involved in driving disease progression.
Conclusions
Taken together, our work demonstrates that the monocyte-derived microglia-like cell model recapitulates disease-specific hallmarks and characteristics that substantiate patient heterogeneity associated with disease subgroups. Thus, monocyte-derived microglia-like cells are highly applicable to monitor disease progression and can be applied as a functional readout in clinical trials for anti-neuroinflammatory agents, providing a basis for personalised treatment for patients with ALS.
Collapse
|
20
|
Schmidt L, Issa II, Haraldsdóttir H, Hald JL, Schmitz A, Due H, Dybkær K. Hsp90 inhibition sensitizes DLBCL cells to cisplatin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022. [PMID: 35190872 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Platinum-containing therapy is standard treatment for relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL). However, the efficacy of treatment is limited by drug resistance leading to relapse. Cisplatin resistance has been linked to impairments of the DNA damage response, and several DNA repair proteins have been identified as clients of the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Here, we investigated the combinatory treatment of cisplatin and the Hsp90 inhibitor, 17AAG, in DLBCL cells to evaluate if inhibition of Hsp90 could sensitize DLBCL cells to cisplatin treatment. Methods Cell viability was assessed for cisplatin and 17AAG as monotherapies and for 25 different combinations in 7 DLBCL cell lines, where the Bliss Independence Model and the Combination Index were applied to assess their interaction. Induction of apoptosis and DNA damage response were evaluated by measuring Annexin V and γH2AX levels after 48 h of exposure. Results 17AAG synergized with cisplatin in DLBCL cells as detected in both interaction assessment models, resulting in a lower viability after 48 h for the combination-treated cells compared to both vehicle and single drug-treated cells. The combination also induced a stronger apoptotic response and an increase in DNA damage in 17AAG, cisplatin- and combination-treated cells compared to vehicle-treated cells, with the effect of the combination generally being higher than compared to both single drugs. Conclusion This study demonstrates that 17AAG sensitizes DLBCL cells to cisplatin treatment. This effect is correlated with increased apoptotic and DNA damage response, potentially mediated by downregulation of Hsp90 clients in DNA repair pathways. Thus, cisplatin resistance could plausibly be overcome by combining the treatment with an Hsp90 inhibiting drug. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00280-022-04407-5.
Collapse
|
21
|
Shen H, Li Z. DNA Double-Strand Break Repairs and Their Application in Plant DNA Integration. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:322. [PMID: 35205367 PMCID: PMC8871565 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered to be one of the most harmful and mutagenic forms of DNA damage. They are highly toxic if unrepaired, and can cause genome rearrangements and even cell death. Cells employ two major pathways to repair DSBs: homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). In plants, most applications of genome modification techniques depend on the development of DSB repair pathways, such as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT) and gene targeting (GT). In this paper, we review the achieved knowledge and recent advances on the DNA DSB response and its main repair pathways; discuss how these pathways affect Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA integration and gene targeting in plants; and describe promising strategies for producing DSBs artificially, at definite sites in the genome.
Collapse
|
22
|
Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sottnik JL, Bordeaux EK, Mehrotra S, Ferrara SE, Goodspeed AE, Costello JC, Sikora MJ. Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint 1 (MDC1) Is a Novel Estrogen Receptor Coregulator in Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1270-1282. [PMID: 33947745 PMCID: PMC8349796 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common special histologic subtype of breast cancer, and nearly all ILC tumors express estrogen receptor alpha (ER). However, clinical and laboratory data suggest ILC are strongly estrogen-driven but not equally antiestrogen-sensitive. We hypothesized ILC-specific ER coregulators mediate ER functions and antiestrogen resistance in ILC, and profiled ER-associated proteins by mass spectrometry. Three ER+ ILC cell lines (MDA MB 134VI, SUM44PE, and BCK4) were compared with ER+ invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) line data, and we examined whether siRNA of identified proteins suppressed ER-driven proliferation in ILC cells. This identified mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1), a tumor suppressor in DNA damage response (DDR), as a novel ER coregulator in ILC. We confirmed ER:MDC1 interaction was specific to ILC versus IDC cells, and found MDC1 knockdown suppressed ILC cell proliferation and tamoxifen resistance. Using RNA-sequencing, we found in ILC cells MDC1 knockdown broadly dysregulates the ER transcriptome, with ER:MDC1 target genes enriched for promoter hormone response elements. Importantly, our data are inconsistent with MDC1 tumor suppressor functions in DDR, but suggest a novel oncogenic role for MDC1 as an ER coregulator. Supporting this, in breast tumor tissue microarrays, MDC1 protein was frequently low or absent in IDC, but MDC1 loss was rare in ER+ ILC. ER:MDC1 interaction and MDC1 coregulator functions may underlie ER function in ILC and serve as targets to overcome antiestrogen resistance in ILC. IMPLICATIONS: MDC1 has novel ER coregulator activity in ILC, which may underlie ILC-specific ER functions, estrogen response, and antiestrogen resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Sottnik
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Evelyn K Bordeaux
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sanjana Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah E Ferrara
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew E Goodspeed
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James C Costello
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew J Sikora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Noubissi FK, McBride AA, Leppert HG, Millet LJ, Wang X, Davern SM. Detection and quantification of γ-H2AX using a dissociation enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8945. [PMID: 33903655 PMCID: PMC8076281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the histone protein H2AX to form γ-H2AX foci directly represents DNA double-strand break formation. Traditional γ-H2AX detection involves counting individual foci within individual nuclei. The novelty of this work is the application of a time-resolved fluorescence assay using dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay for quantitative measurements of γ-H2AX. For comparison, standard fluorescence detection was employed and analyzed either by bulk fluorescent measurements or by direct foci counting using BioTek Spot Count algorithm and Gen 5 software. Etoposide induced DNA damage in A549 carcinoma cells was compared across all test platforms. Time resolved fluorescence detection of europium as a chelated complex enabled quantitative measurement of γ-H2AX foci with nanomolar resolution. Comparative bulk fluorescent signals achieved only micromolar sensitivity. Lanthanide based immunodetection of γ-H2AX offers superior detection and a user-friendly workflow. These approaches have the potential to improve screening of compounds that either enhance DNA damage or protect against its deleterious effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber A McBride
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Hannah G Leppert
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Larry J Millet
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra M Davern
- Radioisotope Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Loiodice F, Anisimova NY, Spirina TS, Sokolova DV, Smirnova GB, Choe JY, Meyer-Almes FJ, Pokrovsky VS, Lavecchia A, Ramaa CS. Pharmacophore hybridization approach to discover novel pyrazoline-based hydantoin analogs with anti-tumor efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104527. [PMID: 33317839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In search for new and safer anti-cancer agents, a structurally guided pharmacophore hybridization strategy of two privileged scaffolds, namely diaryl pyrazolines and imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin), was adopted resulting in a newfangled series of compounds (H1-H22). Herein, a bio-isosteric replacement of "pyrrolidine-2,5-dione" moiety of our recently reported antitumor hybrid incorporating diaryl pyrazoline and pyrrolidine-2,5-dione scaffolds with "imidazoline-2,4-dione" moiety has been incorporated. Complete biological studies revealed the most potent analog among all i.e. compound H13, which was at-least 10-fold more potent compared to the corresponding pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, in colon and breast cancer cells. In-vitro studies showed activation of caspases, arrest of G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and increased DNA damage. In-vivo assay on HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) animal xenograft model unveiled the significant anti-tumor efficacy along with oral bioavailability with maximum TGI 36% (i.p.) and 44% (per os) at 50 mg/kg dose. These findings confirm the suitability of hybridized pyrazoline and imidazolidine-2,4-dione analog H13 for its anti-cancer potential and starting-point for the development of more efficacious analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Yu Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reamon-Buettner SM, Hackbarth A, Leonhardt A, Braun A, Ziemann C. Cellular senescence as a response to multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) exposure in human mesothelial cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 193:111412. [PMID: 33279583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest induced by diverse triggers, including replicative exhaustion, DNA damaging agents, oncogene activation, oxidative stress, and chromatin disruption. With important roles in aging and tumor suppression, cellular senescence has been implicated also in tumor promotion. Here we show that certain multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as fiber-like nanomaterials, can trigger cellular senescence in primary human mesothelial cells. Using in vitro approaches, we found manifestation of several markers of cellular senescence, especially after exposure to a long and straight MWCNT. These included inhibition of cell division, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, senescence-associated distension of satellites, LMNB1 depletion, γH2A.X nuclear panstaining, and enlarged cells exhibiting senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed many differentially expressed genes, among which were genes encoding for a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Our results clearly demonstrate the potential of long and straight MWCNTs to induce premature cellular senescence. This finding may find relevance in risk assessment of workplace safety, and in evaluating MWCNT's use in medicine such as drug carrier, due to exposure effects that might prompt onset of age-related diseases, or even carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anja Hackbarth
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albrecht Leonhardt
- Nanoscale Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu R, Liu W, Sun Y, Shen C, Guo J, Zhao J, Mao G, Li Y, Du G. Nanoscale insight into chromatin remodeling and DNA repair complex in HeLa cells after ionizing radiation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 96:102974. [PMID: 32998084 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic structure of nuclear chromatin and its regulation in the formation of repair complex is essential in DNA damage response and repair. Using single molecule localization microscopy STORM this work discovered that the nuclear chromatin organization was relaxed from 200 to 400 nm thick irregular frame and remodeled to dispersed sub-100 nm structure in HeLa cells after X-ray irradiation. The DSB repair factors (γ-H2AX, MDC1, 53BP1) showed distribution as microscale-colocalized and nanoscale interlaced substructure in the DSB repair complex. The dual-color nanoscopic imaging of γ-H2AX and chromatin at the DSB sites suggest that DNA damage response and repair cascade are chromatin structure-dependent and also partly dependent on the distance to the DSB sites. The sub-100 nm structure of fibers and nanoclusters of the relaxed nuclear chromatin and the DSB repair factors highly resembled the cross-section view of chromatin organization. These data demonstrated the polymorphic and dynamic behavior of the chromatin organization in vivo, and provided nanoscale insight into the interplay between chromatin remodeling and DNA damage response and DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqun Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- BIOPIC, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinlong Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Mao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaning Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guanghua Du
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dhuppar S, Roy S, Mazumder A. γH2AX in the S Phase after UV Irradiation Corresponds to DNA Replication and Does Not Report on the Extent of DNA Damage. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00328-20. [PMID: 32778572 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.00328-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental mutagen. Exposure to UV leads to a sharp peak of γH2AX, the phosphorylated form of the histone variant H2AX, in the S phase within an asynchronous population of cells. γH2AX is often considered a definitive marker of DNA damage inside a cell. In this report, we show that γH2AX in the S-phase cells after UV irradiation reports neither on the extent of primary DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers nor on the extent of its secondary manifestations in the form of DNA double-strand breaks or in the inhibition of global transcription. Instead, γH2AX in the S phase corresponds to the sites of active replication at the time of UV irradiation. This accumulation of γH2AX at replication sites slows down the replication. However, the cells do complete the replication of their genomes and arrest within the G2 phase. Our study suggests that it is not DNA damage, but the response elicited, which peaks in the S phase upon UV irradiation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Taubmann A, Willershausen I, Walter C, Al-Maawi S, Kaina B, Gölz L. Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of methacrylate-based orthodontic adhesives. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2569-2581. [PMID: 32970196 PMCID: PMC8060203 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The biocompatibility of methacrylate-based adhesives is a topic that is intensively discussed in dentistry. Since only limited evidence concerning the cyto- and genotoxicity of orthodontic adhesives is available, the aim of this study was to measure the genotoxic potential of seven orthodontic methacrylate-based adhesives. Materials and methods The XTT assay was utilized to determine the cytotoxicity of Assure Plus, Assure Bonding Resin, ExciTE F, OptiBond Solo Plus, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, Transbond MIP, and Transbond XT after an incubation period of 24 h on human gingival fibroblasts. We also performed the γH2AX assay to explore the genotoxic potential of the adhesives within cytotoxic dose ranges after an incubation period of 6 h. Results The XTT assay showed a concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability. The decrease in cellular viability was in the same dose range most significant for Assure Plus, rendering it the adhesive material with the highest cytotoxicity. Employing the γH2AX assay, a concentration-dependent increase in H2AX phosphorylation was detected, indicating induction of DNA damage. Conclusions For most products, a linear correlation between the material concentration and γH2AX foci was observed. The most severe effect on γH2AX focus induction was found for Transbond MIP, which was the only adhesive in the test group containing the co-initiator diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP). Clinical relevance The data indicate that orthodontic adhesives, notably Transbond MIP, bear a genotoxic potential. Since the study was performed with in vitro cultivated cells, a direct translation of the findings to in vivo exposure conditions should be considered with great diligence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Taubmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ines Willershausen
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | - Sarah Al-Maawi
- Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine (FORM) Lab, Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Medical Center of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ochoa de Olza M, Bourhis J, Irving M, Coukos G, Herrera FG. High versus low dose irradiation for tumor immune reprogramming. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:268-283. [PMID: 32882511 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Local administration of ionizing radiation to tumors can promote anticancer immune responses that lead to the abscopal regression of distant metastases, especially in patients receiving systemic immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Growing preclinical evidence indicates that high-dose irradiation administered locally to destroy malignant lesions, can promote the release of danger-associated molecular patterns that lead to the recruitment of immune cells, thus inducing a systemic response against tumor antigens that protects against local disease relapse and also mediates distant antineoplastic effects. An accumulating body of preclinical evidence supports also the implementation of low-dose irradiation to induce tumor immune reprogramming. Here, we provide the rationale for a clinical research agenda to refine future clinical practice based on innovative combinations of radiation-immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ochoa de Olza
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Bourhis
- Radiation Oncology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda G Herrera
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Radiation Oncology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Koustas E, Karamouzis MV, Sarantis P, Schizas D, Papavassiliou AG. Inhibition of c-MET increases the antitumour activity of PARP inhibitors in gastric cancer models. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10420-10431. [PMID: 32686903 PMCID: PMC7521333 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Activation of c‐MET increases tumour cell survival through the initiation of the DNA damage repair pathway. PARP is an essential key in the DNA damage repair pathway. The primary role of PARP is to detect and initiate an immediate cellular response to single‐strand DNA breaks. Tumours suppressor genes such as BRCA1/2 are closely associated with the DNA repair pathway. In BRCA1/2 mutations or deficiency status, cells are more likely to develop additional genetic alterations and chromosomal instability and can lead to cancer. In this study, we investigate the role of c‐MET and PARP inhibition in a gastric cancer model. We exploited functional in vitro and in vivo experiments to assess the antitumour potential of co‐inhibition of c‐MET (SU11274) and PARP (NU1025). This leads to a reduction of gastric cancer cells viability, especially after knockdown of BRCA1/2 through apoptosis and induction of γ‐Η2ΑΧ. Moreover, in AGS xenograft models, the combinatorial treatment of NU1025 plus SU11274 reduced tumour growth and triggers apoptosis. Collectively, our data may represent a new therapeutic approach for GC thought co‐inhibition of c‐MET and PARP, especially for patients with BRCA1/2 deficiency tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Internal Medicine, 'Laiko' General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liddle P, Jara-Wilde J, Lafon-Hughes L, Castro I, Härtel S, Folle G. dSTORM microscopy evidences in HeLa cells clustered and scattered γH2AX nanofoci sensitive to ATM, DNA-PK, and ATR kinase inhibitors. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:77-91. [PMID: 32638256 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), histone H2AX is phosphorylated around the lesion by a feed forward signal amplification loop, originating γH2AX foci detectable by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy as elliptical areas of uniform intensity. We exploited the significant increase in resolution (~ × 10) provided by single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to investigate at nanometer scale the distribution of γH2AX signals either endogenous (controls) or induced by the radiomimetic bleomycin (BLEO) in HeLa cells. In both conditions, clustered substructures (nanofoci) confined to γH2AX foci and scattered nanofoci throughout the remnant nuclear area were detected. SR-Tesseler software (Voronoï tessellation-based segmentation) was combined with a custom Python script to first separate clustered nanofoci inside γH2AX foci from scattered nanofoci, and then to perform a cluster analysis upon each nanofoci type. Compared to controls, γH2AX foci in BLEO-treated nuclei presented on average larger areas (0.41 versus 0.19 µm2), more nanofoci per focus (22.7 versus 13.2) and comparable nanofoci densities (~ 60 nanofoci/µm2). Scattered γH2AX nanofoci were equally present (~ 3 nanofoci/µm2), suggesting an endogenous origin. BLEO-treated cells were challenged with specific inhibitors of canonical H2AX kinases, namely: KU-55933, VE-821 and NU-7026 for ATM, ATR and DNA-PK, respectively. Under treatment with pooled inhibitors, clustered nanofoci vanished from super-resolution images while scattered nanofoci decreased (~ 50%) in density. Residual scattered nanofoci could reflect, among other alternatives, H2AX phosphorylation mediated by VRK1, a recently described non-canonical H2AX kinase. In addition to H2AX findings, an analytical approach to quantify clusters of highly differing density from SMLM data is put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Liddle
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Jorge Jara-Wilde
- SCIAN-Lab, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura Lafon-Hughes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Iván Castro
- SCIAN-Lab, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Steffen Härtel
- SCIAN-Lab, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Folle
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kesavan PS, Bohra D, Roy S, Mazumder A. Monitoring global changes in chromatin compaction states upon localized DNA damage with tools of fluorescence anisotropy. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1403-1410. [PMID: 32320322 PMCID: PMC7353139 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the eukaryotic nucleus, DNA, packaged in the form of chromatin, is subject to continuous damage. Chromatin has to be remodeled in order to repair such damage efficiently. But compact chromatin may also be more refractory to damage. Chromatin responses during DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair have been studied with biochemistry or as indirect readouts for the physical state of the chromatin at the site of damage. Direct measures of global chromatin compaction upon damage are lacking. We used fluorescence anisotropy imaging of histone H2B-EGFP to interrogate global chromatin compaction changes in response to localized DSBs directly. Anisotropy maps were preserved in fixation and reported on underlying chromatin compaction states. Laser-induced clustered DSBs led to global compaction of even the undamaged chromatin. Live-cell dynamics could be coupled with fixed-cell assays. Repair factors, PARP1 and PCNA, were immediately recruited to the site of damage, though the local enrichment of PCNA persisted longer than that of PARP1. Subsequently, nodes of PCNA that incorporated deoxynucleotide analogs were observed in regions of low-anisotropy open chromatin, even away from the site of damage. Such fluorescence anisotropy–based readout of chromatin compaction may be used in the investigation of different forms of DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Kesavan
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Darshika Bohra
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Sitara Roy
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Aprotim Mazumder
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Scherthan H, Lee JH, Maus E, Schumann S, Muhtadi R, Chojowski R, Port M, Lassmann M, Bestvater F, Hausmann M. Nanostructure of Clustered DNA Damage in Leukocytes after In-Solution Irradiation with the Alpha Emitter Ra-223. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121877. [PMID: 31779276 PMCID: PMC6966434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients are increasingly treated with alpha-particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals. At the subcellular level, alpha particles induce densely spaced ionizations and molecular damage. Induction of DNA lesions, especially clustered DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), threatens a cell's survival. Currently, it is under debate to what extent the spatial topology of the damaged chromatin regions and the repair protein arrangements are contributing. METHODS Super-resolution light microscopy (SMLM) in combination with cluster analysis of single molecule signal-point density regions of DSB repair markers was applied to investigate the nano-structure of DNA damage foci tracks of Ra-223 in-solution irradiated leukocytes. RESULTS Alpha-damaged chromatin tracks were efficiently outlined by γ-H2AX that formed large (super) foci composed of numerous 60-80 nm-sized nano-foci. Alpha damage tracks contained 60-70% of all γ-H2AX point signals in a nucleus, while less than 30% of 53BP1, MRE11 or p-ATM signals were located inside γ-H2AX damage tracks. MRE11 and p-ATM protein fluorescent tags formed focal nano-clusters of about 20 nm peak size. There were, on average, 12 (± 9) MRE11 nanoclusters in a typical γ-H2AX-marked alpha track, suggesting a minimal number of MRE11-processed DSBs per track. Our SMLM data suggest regularly arranged nano-structures during DNA repair in the damaged chromatin domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (E.M.); (R.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (M.H.); Tel.: +49-89-992692-2272 (H.S.); +49-6221-549824 (M.H.)
| | - Jin-Ho Lee
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (E.M.); (R.M.); (M.P.)
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Emanuel Maus
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (E.M.); (R.M.); (M.P.)
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Sarah Schumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Razan Muhtadi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (E.M.); (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Robert Chojowski
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937 München, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (E.M.); (R.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Felix Bestvater
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (M.H.); Tel.: +49-89-992692-2272 (H.S.); +49-6221-549824 (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Whittemore K, Martínez-Nevado E, Blasco MA. Slower rates of accumulation of DNA damage in leukocytes correlate with longer lifespans across several species of birds and mammals. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:9829-9845. [PMID: 31730540 PMCID: PMC6874430 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although there is previous evidence showing an increase in various types of DNA damage with aging in mice and humans, a comparative study determining accumulation rates of DNA double strand breaks, as determined by presence of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), in leukocytes of individuals of different ages from phylogenetically distinct species from birds to mammals was lacking. Here, we demonstrate that the rate of accumulation of DNA damage as measured by the DNA damage marker γH2AX correlates with species longevity in dolphins, goats, reindeer, American flamingos, and griffon vultures. In particular, we find that species that show slower rates of accumulation of the DNA damage marker γH2AX also live longer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Whittemore
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | | | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid E-28029, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lu H, Saha J, Beckmann PJ, Hendrickson EA, Davis AJ. DNA-PKcs promotes chromatin decondensation to facilitate initiation of the DNA damage response. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:9467-9479. [PMID: 31396623 PMCID: PMC6765147 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) encompasses the cellular response to DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), and includes recognition of the DSB, recruitment of numerous factors to the DNA damage site, initiation of signaling cascades, chromatin remodeling, cell-cycle checkpoint activation, and repair of the DSB. Key drivers of the DDR are multiple members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family, including ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), and the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). ATM and ATR modulate multiple portions of the DDR, but DNA-PKcs is believed to primarily function in the DSB repair pathway, non-homologous end joining. Utilizing a human cell line in which the kinase domain of DNA-PKcs is inactivated, we show here that DNA-PKcs kinase activity is required for the cellular response to DSBs immediately after their induction. Specifically, DNA-PKcs kinase activity initiates phosphorylation of the chromatin factors H2AX and KAP1 following ionizing radiation exposure and drives local chromatin decondensation near the DSB site. Furthermore, loss of DNA-PKcs kinase activity results in a marked decrease in the recruitment of numerous members of the DDR machinery to DSBs. Collectively, these results provide clear evidence that DNA-PKcs activity is pivotal for the initiation of the DDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Lu
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Janapriya Saha
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Pauline J Beckmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric A Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anthony J Davis
- Division of Molecular Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Di Benedetto A, Ercolani C, Pizzuti L, Angelucci D, Sergi D, Marinelli C, Iezzi L, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Mazzotta M, Mariani L, Vizza E, Paoletti G, Tomao S, Maugeri-Saccà M, Barba M, Tinari N, Natoli C, Ciliberto G, Grassadonia A, Vici P. Prognostic relevance of DNA damage and repair biomarkers in elderly patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant hormone therapy: evidence from the real-world setting. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919853192. [PMID: 31452691 PMCID: PMC6700857 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919853192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The logic behind the outcome of endocrine therapy in breast cancer has long remained poorly understood. The prognostic role of DNA damage and repair biomarkers (DDR) was explored in postmenopausal, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NAHT). Methods: Data on 55 patients were included. The phosphorylated ataxia-teleangectasia and Rad3-related protein (pATR), phosphorylated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase, and phosphorylated H2A Histone Family Member X (γ-H2AX) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paired tissues collected at baseline and following NAHT. Biomarkers were considered both singularly and within signatures. Ki-67 percentage change was the primary biomarker endpoint. Classical endpoints were also considered. Results: The most favorable Ki-67 outcome was associated with the γ-H2AX/pATM signature (p = 0.011). In models of Ki-67 reduction, ‘luminal B’ subtype, higher grade of anaplasia, and the γ-H2AX/pATM signature tested as significant (p < 0.05 for all). Results were confirmed in multivariate analysis. No association was observed with pathologic response. An increase of ∆γ-H2AX in paired breast tissues was associated with longer event-free survival (p = 0.027) and overall survival (p = 0.042). In Cox models, both survival outcomes were solely affected by grade of anaplasia, with less favorable prognosis in the highest grades (p < 0.05 for both). Conclusions: We report novel evidence of the prognostic role of DDR biomarkers on important patient outcomes in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with NAHT. If confirmed in future and adequately sized trials, our results may help inform therapeutic decisions and clarify underlying biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Benedetto
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pizzuti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Sergi
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Iezzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Science and Biotechnologies, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Sperati
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics-Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzotta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Mariani
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Department of Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Paoletti
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Medical Oncology Unit A, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Barba
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical and Oral Science and Biotechnologies, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clara Natoli
- Department of Medical and Oral Science and Biotechnologies, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Department of Medical and Oral Science and Biotechnologies, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Murata MM, Kong X, Moncada E, Chen Y, Imamura H, Wang P, Berns MW, Yokomori K, Digman MA. NAD+ consumption by PARP1 in response to DNA damage triggers metabolic shift critical for damaged cell survival. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2584-2597. [PMID: 31390283 PMCID: PMC6740200 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage signaling is critical for the maintenance of genome integrity and cell fate decision. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a DNA damage sensor rapidly activated in a damage dose- and complexity-dependent manner playing a critical role in the initial chromatin organization and DNA repair pathway choice at damage sites. However, our understanding of a cell-wide consequence of its activation in damaged cells is still limited. Using the phasor approach to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and fluorescence-based biosensors in combination with laser microirradiation, we found a rapid cell-wide increase of the bound NADH fraction in response to nuclear DNA damage, which is triggered by PARP-dependent NAD+ depletion. This change is linked to the metabolic balance shift to oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) over glycolysis. Inhibition of oxphos, but not glycolysis, resulted in parthanatos due to rapid PARP-dependent ATP deprivation, indicating that oxphos becomes critical for damaged cell survival. The results reveal the novel prosurvival response to PARP activation through a change in cellular metabolism and demonstrate how unique applications of advanced fluorescence imaging and laser microirradiation-induced DNA damage can be a powerful tool to interrogate damage-induced metabolic changes at high spatiotemporal resolution in a live cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Murata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Xiangduo Kong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Emmanuel Moncada
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Yumay Chen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.,UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.,UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Michael W Berns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.,Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Kyoko Yokomori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Michelle A Digman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shanbhag NM, Evans MD, Mao W, Nana AL, Seeley WW, Adame A, Rissman RA, Masliah E, Mucke L. Early neuronal accumulation of DNA double strand breaks in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:77. [PMID: 31101070 PMCID: PMC6524256 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity is essential for normal cellular functions. However, it is difficult to maintain over a lifetime in postmitotic cells such as neurons, in which DNA damage increases with age and is exacerbated by multiple neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we used immunohistochemical staining to detect DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), the most severe form of DNA damage, in postmortem brain tissues from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD and from cognitively unimpaired controls. Immunostaining for γH2AX-a post-translational histone modification that is widely used as a marker of DSBs-revealed increased proportions of γH2AX-labeled neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of MCI and AD patients, as compared to age-matched controls. In contrast to the focal pattern associated with DSBs, some neurons and glia in humans and mice showed diffuse pan-nuclear patterns of γH2AX immunoreactivity. In mouse brains and primary neuronal cultures, such pan-nuclear γH2AX labeling could be elicited by increasing neuronal activity. To assess whether pan-nuclear γH2AX represents DSBs, we used a recently developed technology, DNA damage in situ ligation followed by proximity ligation assay, to detect close associations between γH2AX sites and free DSB ends. This assay revealed no evidence of DSBs in neurons or astrocytes with prominent pan-nuclear γH2AX labeling. These findings suggest that focal, but not pan-nuclear, increases in γH2AX immunoreactivity are associated with DSBs in brain tissue and that these distinct patterns of γH2AX formation may have different causes and consequences. We conclude that AD is associated with an accumulation of DSBs in vulnerable neuronal and glial cell populations from early stages onward. Because of the severe adverse effects this type of DNA damage can have on gene expression, chromatin stability and cellular functions, DSBs could be an important causal driver of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj M Shanbhag
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mark D Evans
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alissa L Nana
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Anthony Adame
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Present address: Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Che Y, Li Y, Zheng F, Zou K, Li Z, Chen M, Hu S, Tian C, Yu W, Guo W, Luo M, Deng W, Zou L. TRIP4 promotes tumor growth and metastasis and regulates radiosensitivity of cervical cancer by activating MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and hTERT signaling. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:1-13. [PMID: 30905820 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 4 (TRIP4), a subunit of the tetrameric nuclear activating signal co-integrator 1 (ASC-1) complex, exerts pro-tumorigenic effects. The role for TRIP4 in the regulation of cervical cancer growth and radiation resistance is presently unknown. In this study, TRIP4 was found to be highly expressed in cervical cancer cells and tumor tissues. Knockdown of TRIP4 significantly suppressed cervical cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), accompanied by inactivation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling. TRIP4 was also found to target hTERT signaling by regulating its binding to the hTERT promoter. Moreover, the knockdown of TRIP4 increased cell sensitivity to radiation, concomitant with downregulation of Rad51 and p-H2AX. We also demonstrated in an in vivo study that the knockdown of TRIP4 effectively suppressed cervical cancer growth and progression in a xenograft tumor model, and these effects were concomitant with the downregulation of p-AKT, p-ERK, p-MEK1/2, MMP-9 and hTERT expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue microarrays showed that TRIP4 overexpression predicted poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Collectively, these results show that TRIP4 plays an essential role in cervical cancer growth and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Che
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yizhuo Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zongjuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Manyu Chen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunfang Tian
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meihua Luo
- The Shude Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lijuan Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Moeglin E, Desplancq D, Conic S, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Stoessel A, Chiper M, Vigneron M, Didier P, Tora L, Weiss E. Uniform Widespread Nuclear Phosphorylation of Histone H2AX Is an Indicator of Lethal DNA Replication Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E355. [PMID: 30871194 PMCID: PMC6468890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), a central player in the DNA damage response (DDR), serves as a biomarker of DNA double-strand break repair. Although DNA damage is generally visualized by the formation of γ-H2AX foci in injured nuclei, it is unclear whether the widespread uniform nuclear γ-H2AX (called pan-nuclear) pattern occurring upon intense replication stress (RS) is linked to DDR. Using a novel monoclonal antibody that binds exclusively to the phosphorylated C-terminus of H2AX, we demonstrate that H2AX phosphorylation is systematically pan-nuclear in cancer cells stressed with RS-inducing drugs just before they die. The pan-nuclear γ-H2AX pattern is abolished by inhibition of the DNA-PK kinase. Cell death induction of cancer cells treated with increasing combinations of replication and kinase (ATR and Chk1) inhibitory drugs was proportional to the appearance of pan-nuclear γ-H2AX pattern. Delivery of labeled anti-γ-H2AX Fabs in stressed cells demonstrated at a single cell level that pan-nuclear γ-H2AX formation precedes irreversible cell death. Moreover, we show that H2AX is not required for RS-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Thus, the nuclear-wide formation of γ-H2AX is an incident of RS-induced cell death and, thus, the pan nuclear H2AX pattern should be regarded as an indicator of lethal RS-inducing drug efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Moeglin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, 67412 Illlkirch, France.
| | - Dominique Desplancq
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, 67412 Illlkirch, France.
| | - Sascha Conic
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Mustapha Oulad-Abdelghani
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Audrey Stoessel
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, 67412 Illlkirch, France.
| | - Manuela Chiper
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, 67412 Illlkirch, France.
| | - Marc Vigneron
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, 67412 Illlkirch, France.
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7213, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France.
| | - Laszlo Tora
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7104, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Etienne Weiss
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Boulevard S. Brant, 67412 Illlkirch, France.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Enguita-Marruedo A, Martín-Ruiz M, García E, Gil-Fernández A, Parra MT, Viera A, Rufas JS, Page J. Transition from a meiotic to a somatic-like DNA damage response during the pachytene stage in mouse meiosis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007439. [PMID: 30668564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is the principal mechanism of DNA repair acting during meiosis and is fundamental for the segregation of chromosomes and the increase of genetic diversity. Nevertheless, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanisms can also act during meiosis, mainly in response to exogenously-induced DNA damage in late stages of first meiotic prophase. In order to better understand the relationship between these two repair pathways, we studied the response to DNA damage during male mouse meiosis after gamma radiation. We clearly discerned two types of responses immediately after treatment. From leptotene to early pachytene, exogenous damage triggered the massive presence of γH2AX throughout the nucleus, which was associated with DNA repair mediated by HR components (DMC1 and RAD51). This early pathway finished with the sequential removal of DMC1 and RAD51 and was no longer inducible at mid pachytene. However, from mid-pachytene to diplotene, γH2AX appeared as large discrete foci. This late repair pattern was mediated initially by NHEJ, involving Ku70 and XRCC4, which were constitutively present, and 53BP1, which appeared at sites of damage soon after irradiation. Nevertheless, 24 hours after irradiation, a HR pathway involving RAD51 but not DMC1 mostly replaced NHEJ. Additionally, we observed the occurrence of synaptonemal complex bridges between bivalents, most likely representing chromosome translocation events that may involve DMC1, RAD51 or 53BP1. Our results reinforce the idea that the early “meiotic” repair pathway that acts by default at the beginning of meiosis is replaced from mid-pachytene onwards by a “somatic-like” repair pattern. This shift might be important to resolve DNA damage (either endogenous or exogenous) that could not be repaired by the early meiotic mechanisms, for instance those in the sex chromosomes, which lack a homologous chromosome to repair with. This transition represents another layer of functional changes that occur in meiotic cells during mid pachytene, in addition to epigenetic reprograming, reactivation of transcription, changes in the gene expression profile and acquisition of competence to proceed to metaphase. DNA repair is critical for both somatic and meiotic cells. During meiosis, hundreds of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are introduced endogenously. To repair this damage, meiotic cells use a specialized version of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway that uses specific meiotic recombinases, such as DMC1, to promote repair with the homologous chromosome instead of the sister chromatid. This process is important to ensure chromosome segregation during meiosis and, as a side consequence, increases the genetic diversity of offspring. Nevertheless, under specific circumstances, meiotic cells can use other DNA repair mechanisms such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which is error-prone. We investigated the response of mouse spermatocytes to increased DNA damage caused by gamma radiation, which is commonly used in cancer therapy. We found that the excess of DSBs produced by irradiation is processed by the meiotic HR recombination pathway in spermatocytes at the early stages of first meiotic prophase. However, this response is not inducible from the mid-pachytene stage onwards. From this point on, spermatocytes rely on a response that shares many features with that of somatic cells. In this response, the NHEJ pathway is first used to repair DNA damage but is subsequently replaced by a HR mechanism that does not use DMC1. Instead, it relies only on RAD51, which is known to function in both somatic and meiosis cells and, contrary to DMC1, has a preference for the sister chromatid. This switch from a meiotic to a somatic-like response is accompanied by a conspicuous change in the epigenetic response to DNA damage, reinforcing the idea that a functional transition occurs in meiotic cells during the mid-pachytene stage.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lopez Perez R, Nicolay NH, Wolf JC, Frister M, Schmezer P, Weber KJ, Huber PE. DNA damage response of clinical carbon ion versus photon radiation in human glioblastoma cells. Radiother Oncol 2019; 133:77-86. [PMID: 30935585 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carbon ion radiotherapy is a promising therapeutic option for glioblastoma patients due to its high physical dose conformity and greater biological effectiveness than photons. However, the biological effects of carbon ion radiation are still incompletely understood. Here, we systematically compared the biological effects of clinically used carbon ion radiation to photon radiation with emphasis on DNA repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two human glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and LN229) were irradiated with carbon ions or photons and DNA damage response was systematically analyzed, including clonogenic survival, induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), cell cycle arrest and apoptosis or autophagy. γH2AX foci were analyzed by flow cytometry, conventional light microscopy and 3D superresolution microscopy. RESULTS DSBs were repaired delayed and with slower kinetics after carbon ions versus photons. Carbon ions caused stronger and longer-lasting cell cycle delays, predominantly in G2 phase, and a higher rate of apoptosis. Compared to photons, the effectiveness of carbon ions was less cell cycle-dependent. Homologous recombination (HR) appeared to be more important for DSB repair after carbon ions versus photons in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-deficient U87 cells, as opposed to PTEN-proficient LN229 cells. CONCLUSION Carbon ions induced more severe DSB damage than photons, which was repaired less efficiently in both cell lines. Thus, carbon ion radiotherapy may help to overcome resistance mechanisms of glioblastoma associated with DNA repair for example in combination with repair pathway-specific drugs in the context of personalized radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Lopez Perez
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany.
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Jörg-Christian Wolf
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Moritz Frister
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kim JY, Cho JH, Choi J, Shin H, Song J, Hwang S, Um H, Yoo YD, Kim J, Park JK. A novel anti-cancer role of β-apopicropodophyllin against non-small cell lung cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 357:39-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Onishi M, Okonogi N, Oike T, Yoshimoto Y, Sato H, Suzuki Y, Kamada T, Nakano T. High linear energy transfer carbon-ion irradiation increases the release of the immune mediator high mobility group box 1 from human cancer cells. J Radiat Res 2018; 59:541-546. [PMID: 29947767 PMCID: PMC6151640 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Anti-tumor immunity modulates the local effects of radiation therapy. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a pivotal role in activating antigen-specific T-cell responses. Here, we examined the relationship between linear energy transfer (LET) and HMGB1 release. We assessed the proportions of KYSE-70, HeLa and SiHa cells surviving after carbon-ion (C-ion) beam irradiation with different LET values, using a clonogenic assay. The D10, the dose at which 10% of cells survived, was calculated using a linear-quadratic model. HMGB1 levels in the culture supernatants of C-ion beam-irradiated tumor cells were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The D10 doses for 13 keV/μm of C-ion irradiation in KYSE-70, HeLa and SiHa cells were 2.8, 3.9 and 4.1 Gy, respectively, whereas those for 70 keV/μm C-ion irradiation were 1.4, 1.9 and 2.3 Gy, respectively. We found that 70 keV/μm of C-ion irradiation significantly increased HMGB1 levels in the culture supernatants of all cell lines 72 h after irradiation compared with non-irradiated controls. Furthermore, 70 keV/μm of C-ion irradiation significantly increased HMGB1 levels in the culture supernatants of all cell lines 72 h after irradiation compared with 13 keV/μm. The results suggest that HMGB1 release from several cancer cell lines increases with increased LET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Onishi
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Okonogi
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author. Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. Tel: +81-43-206-3306; Fax: +81-43-256-6506;
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuya Yoshimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine,1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima-City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kamada
- Hospital of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi-City, Gunma, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang N, Xu M, Liao S. [ole of AGGF1 in DNA damage repair and modulating chemotherapy resistance in human colon cancer cells in vitro]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2018; 38:861-866. [PMID: 33168501 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.07.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of AGGF1 in DNA damage repair and modulating chemotherapy resistance in human colon cancer cells. METHODS Cisplatin-induced human colon cancer HCT116 cells transfected with AGGF1 siRNA and siNC via Lipofectamine 2000 were examined for AGGF1, γH2AX and pNBS1 expressions using Western blotting. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to detect the recruitment of phosphorylated γH2AX and AGGF1 at the site of cisplatin-induced double-strand DNA breaks, and MTS method was used to investigate the proliferation of the damaged cells. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression level of AGGF1 in human colon cancer and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS Western blotting showed that AGGF1 expression was significantly down-regulated in HCT116 cells after cisplatin exposure, and transfection withAGGF1 siRNAobviously inhibited the expression of phosphorylated γH2AX and NBS1. Immunofluorescence assay showed the co-localization of AGGF1 and γH2AX. Down-regulation of AGGF1 mediated by siRNA obviously increased the chemosensitivity of the cells (P < 0.01). In the clinical specimens, AGGF1 was found to be overexpressed in colon cancer tissues as compared with the adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.01), suggesting its association with the malignant phenotype of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of AGGF1 inhibits DNA damage repair and increases the chemosensitivity in colon cancer cells possibly in relation with the suppressed phosphorylation of NBS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Meilan Xu
- Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Medical College, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Shuting Liao
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Meizhou 514015, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao Y, Long MJC, Wang Y, Zhang S, Aye Y. Ube2V2 Is a Rosetta Stone Bridging Redox and Ubiquitin Codes, Coordinating DNA Damage Responses. ACS Cent Sci 2018; 4. [PMID: 29532025 PMCID: PMC5833000 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are the lingua franca of cellular communication. Most PTMs are enzyme-orchestrated. However, the reemergence of electrophilic drugs has ushered mining of unconventional/non-enzyme-catalyzed electrophile-signaling pathways. Despite the latest impetus toward harnessing kinetically and functionally privileged cysteines for electrophilic drug design, identifying these sensors remains challenging. Herein, we designed "G-REX"-a technique that allows controlled release of reactive electrophiles in vivo. Mitigating toxicity/off-target effects associated with uncontrolled bolus exposure, G-REX tagged first-responding innate cysteines that bind electrophiles under true kcat/Km conditions. G-REX identified two allosteric ubiquitin-conjugating proteins-Ube2V1/Ube2V2-sharing a novel privileged-sensor-cysteine. This non-enzyme-catalyzed-PTM triggered responses specific to each protein. Thus, G-REX is an unbiased method to identify novel functional cysteines. Contrasting conventional active-site/off-active-site cysteine-modifications that regulate target activity, modification of Ube2V2 allosterically hyperactivated its enzymatically active binding-partner Ube2N, promoting K63-linked client ubiquitination and stimulating H2AX-dependent DNA damage response. This work establishes Ube2V2 as a Rosetta-stone bridging redox and ubiquitin codes to guard genome integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry
Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wayne J, Brooks T, Massey AJ. Inhibition of Chk1 with the small molecule inhibitor V158411 induces DNA damage and cell death in an unperturbed S-phase. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85033-85048. [PMID: 27829224 PMCID: PMC5356717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chk1 kinase is a critical component of the DNA damage response checkpoint and Chk1 inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation. Chk1 suppresses oncogene-induced replication stress with Chk1 inhibitors demonstrating activity as a monotherapy in numerous cancer types. Understanding the mechanism by which Chk1 inhibitors induce DNA damage and cancer cell death is essential for their future clinical development. Here we characterize the mechanism by which the novel Chk1 inhibitor (V158411) increased DNA damage and cell death in models of human cancer. V158411 induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in γH2AX-positive nuclei that was restricted to cells actively undergoing DNA synthesis. γH2AX induction was an early event and correlated with activation of the ATR/ATM/DNA-PKcs DNA damage response pathways. The appearance of γH2AX positive nuclei preceded ssDNA appearance and RPA exhaustion. Complete and sustained inhibition of Chk1 kinase was necessary to activate a robust γH2AX induction and growth inhibition. Chk1 inhibitor cytotoxicity correlated with induction of DNA damage with cells undergoing apoptosis, mitotic slippage and DNA damage-induced permanent cell cycle arrest. We identified two distinct classes of Chk1 inhibitors: those that induced a strong increase in γH2AX, pChk1 (S317) and pRPA32 (S4/S8) (including V158411, LY2603618 and ARRY-1A) and those that did not (including MK-8776 and GNE-900). Tumor cell death, induced through increased DNA damage, coupled with abrogation of cell cycle checkpoints makes selective inhibitors of Chk1 a potentially useful therapeutic treatment for multiple human cancers.
Collapse
|
49
|
Sollazzo A, Brzozowska B, Cheng L, Lundholm L, Scherthan H, Wojcik A. Live Dynamics of 53BP1 Foci Following Simultaneous Induction of Clustered and Dispersed DNA Damage in U2OS Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E519. [PMID: 29419809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells react differently to clustered and dispersed DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Little is known about the initial reaction to simultaneous induction of DSBs with different complexities. Here, we used live cell microscopy to analyse the behaviour of 53BP1-GFP (green fluorescence protein) foci formation at DSBs induced in U2OS cells by alpha particles, X-rays or mixed beams over a 75 min period post irradiation. X-ray-induced foci rapidly increased and declined over the observation interval. After an initial increase, mixed beam-induced foci remained at a constant level over the observation interval, similarly as alpha-induced foci. The average areas of radiation-induced foci were similar for mixed beams and X-rays, being significantly smaller than those induced by alpha particles. Pixel intensities were highest for mixed beam-induced foci and showed the lowest level of variability over time as compared to foci induced by alphas and X-rays alone. Finally, mixed beam-exposed foci showed the lowest level of mobility as compared to alpha and X-ray exposure. The results suggest paralysation of chromatin around foci containing clustered DNA damage.
Collapse
|
50
|
Kong X, Cruz GMS, Silva BA, Wakida NM, Khatibzadeh N, Berns MW, Yokomori K. Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29443023 DOI: 10.3791/56213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage induces specific signaling and repair responses in the cell, which is critical for protection of genome integrity. Laser microirradiation became a valuable experimental tool to investigate the DNA damage response (DDR) in vivo. It allows real-time high-resolution single-cell analysis of macromolecular dynamics in response to laser-induced damage confined to a submicrometer region in the cell nucleus. However, various laser conditions have been used without appreciation of differences in the types of damage induced. As a result, the nature of the damage is often not well characterized or controlled, causing apparent inconsistencies in the recruitment or modification profiles. We demonstrated that different irradiation conditions (i.e., different wavelengths as well as different input powers (irradiances) of a femtosecond (fs) near-infrared (NIR) laser) induced distinct DDR and repair protein assemblies. This reflects the type of DNA damage produced. This protocol describes how titration of laser input power allows induction of different amounts and complexities of DNA damage, which can easily be monitored by detection of base and crosslinking damages, differential poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) signaling, and pathway-specific repair factor assemblies at damage sites. Once the damage conditions are determined, it is possible to investigate the effects of different damage complexity and differential damage signaling as well as depletion of upstream factor(s) on any factor of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangduo Kong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine
| | - Gladys M S Cruz
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine
| | - Bárbara A Silva
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine
| | - Nicole M Wakida
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine
| | - Nima Khatibzadeh
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine
| | - Michael W Berns
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Surgery, University of California, Irvine
| | - Kyoko Yokomori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine;
| |
Collapse
|